The Solution To Water Polution - HOGESCHOOL ROTTERDAM STUDENTS PROJECTS

Explanatory notes regarding our project solving the waste problem in Rocinha RIO 1 TEAM 1 The main idea behind our concept is targeting the residents in the determined district (Rocinha), as the people are the source of the waste. Our goal is to actively incorporate the people in our plan.

This has two reasons; the first one is that this way the people will have a better and a clear grasp of the severity of the problem which will help change their way of looking at the problem or even make them realize that there actually is a very big problem in the city. The second reason is to create a feeling of merit within the people as all participants will be compensated by products made from the waste they collected, and this way we can also give back to the community and make the city durable and more ecological.

To sum up our idea we have made a loop that will keep repeating itself and get even more effective.

The loop starts with collecting waste  transporting waste to the companies  creating products  giving a part of the created products back to the participants and then it starts over again.

The collecting will be done a multiple collecting points which will be placed on strategic points in the city in order to make the process easier, and afterwards all the waste from all the collecting points will be transported to one central point in order for the big trucks to be able to collect them all at once.

Group 1: Fabienne Rommers Jasper van IJsseldijk Pramesh Biharie Yassine Ballout Client: Pedro Évora

Rocinha 0 Waste!

Waste problem in RIO De Janeiro

The Current situation and problems The city of Rio de Janeiro is known for it’s festivals and its various beautiful sites and colours everywhere you look. But sadly as well for the many favella’s within the city. These favela’s are known for their huge pollution rates and badly constructed homes, which make the quality of life in these locations very bad.

Objective The objective of the Zero Waste project in Rocinha is to clean the living environment of the people living in the favela of Rocinha while developing a strong community, a safe and healthy living environment, the basic needs, the equality and developing a sustainable favela who is able to develop itself in the future.

The favela’s produce a very big amount of plastic waste on a daily basis

Not enough resources to collect all the waste in whole area.

Solutions

A big percentage of the inhabitants are unaware of the consequences of the waste problem.

The infrastructure is badly constructed, which results in floods during bad weather.

Explanatory note

Origin of the waste By starting at the origin of the problem. Most of the waste which enters the canals, comes from the streets. Because there is a lack of waste dumps and companies who collect waste in the Favela’s, most of the waste remains on the streets. As a result that the waste enters the canals and eventually the sea.

Also, the water what is used in a household, gets discharged in the canals. This is because 30% of Rio does not have a sewage system. 65% of the wastewater is directly dumped into the canals. This is mo stly from a household.

Industrial water also gets dumped in the water, each day about 150.000L. This is also the main reason why the bacteria levels in the canals are alarming high.

What methods are we going to use?

Litter Traps First of all, we would like to collect the waste with the help of several Litter Traps. These Traps collect floating waste from the channels. By placing a few of them in the same channel, our goal is to collect the waste what follows the stream to the sea. By reducing and collecting the waste what reaches the end of the channel we prevent the waste from entering the sea. The collected waste will be recycled and used to make new products.

Helophyte Filter In combination with the litter traps, we are placing several helophyte filters near the Traps.

That’s to prevent waste from floating near the filter and getting stuck between the plants of it.

We are using the helophyte filter to improve the quality of the flowing water.

(How does a helophyte filter work) Helophyte is generic name for plants which grow above the surface of the water. Their roots are able to grow without oxygen. The part of the plant which grows above water, is able to transport oxygen to its roots. Because of this transportation of oxygen to the roots under water, bacteria near the roots feed themselves with oxygen and waste materials. Bacteria feeding themselves with waste material from the water, slowly provides the quality of the water in the channels to be better.

The helophyte filter is a purification system which uses the streaming water to be cleaned. It

purifies waste materials from the waste and sewage and provides the water more oxygen.

Because the filter contains plants which grow above water, it adds more flora to the environment.

What will happen with the collected waste?

The collected waste can be used to improve the slums in the favelas and create parks in the regions of Rio de Janeiro.

• •

With your plastic we can create Eco-bricks and Unibricks for the houses, and benches for in the parks With your styrofoam we ca make insulation to increase the comfort within the houses

•

With the collected paper can we make plant pots for the parks

Further solutions Besides collecting the waste, we want to bring awareness to the people. By starting to give lectures in schools, we want to educate the young why littering the environment has a big consequence to the world where we live in.

Also we would like to associate with relevant organizations who are already engaged in collecting floating waste in the canals and the ocean. The two biggest organizations are ClearRivers and The Ocean Cleanup. These organizations are using multiple methods to collect waste.

ClearRivers is mostly focused on the canals and rivers while The Ocean Cleanup mainly works in collecting ocean waste. By associating with a bigger organization, there is a greater possibility to realize this idea.

D O N ' T

RIO DE JANEIRO

W A S T E

O U R

F U T U R E !

WATER WHAT IS USED IN A HOUSEHOLD GETS DISCHARDED AND EVENTUALLY ENTERS THE CHANNELS

Statistics

Rio has a 3,5 million tons of waste production

with a recycling rate of 1,9 %

30% of Rio doesn't have a sewage system

65% of the wastewater is directly dumped into the canals

Each day, 150.000 L of industrial wastewater

is dumped into the canals

Bacteria levels in the canals are 1.7 million times higher

than what's alarming in the US and Europe

G Á V E A H Y L O P H Y T E

F I L T E R

WILL BE PLACED NEAR THE LITTER TRAPS

L I T T E R

-PROVIDES THE ENVIROMENT OF MORE FLORA -PURIFICATION SYSTEM -DISCHARGED SEWERAGE PURIFICATION -PROVIDES THE STREAMING WATER WITH MORE OXYGEN -CLEAN WATER WILL EVENTUALLY FLOW FURTHER

T R A P S

-RETRIEVES FLOATING GARBAGE -MADE FROM RECYCLED MATERIALS -NEEDS TO BE EMPTIED WEEKLY (PROVIDES JOBS)

E D U C A T I O N

-AWARENESS -LECTURES AT SCHOOL -STARTING CAMPAIGNS

L E B L O N

W H A T

W I L L

H A P P E N

PLASTIC

PLASTIC

STYROFOAM

PAPER

OTHER WASTE FURNITURES

N

O

L

B

E

L

O

D

L

A

N

W A S T E ?

PARKS

INSULATION

A

T H E

HOUSES ECO-BRICKS & UNIBRICKS

C

W I T H

BENCHES

PLANTER POT

For our project we decided to make a social solution for the problem of plastic waste in Rio de Janeiro. The first solution we have is education on schools. We want to make everyone aware of the problem plastic waste.

The second solution we want to bring investors to Rio de Janeiro. We have different options for investors like clean up compagnies as the ocean clean up. These compagnies are specialized in cleaning the ocean form plastic waste around the world. By contacting these compagnies they can clean up the waters around Rio de Janeiro.

Further we want to place bins on the outer edges of the favelas to collect the waste of the people there.

In the stakeholder are the different fractions seen who are invested in the problem plastic waste. It shows which fractions have high influence in the decisions for the problem and which fractions have high interest in the problem.

So in the end we have made a roadmap of which steps we are making for the solution for collecting the plastic waste.

➢ Government neglects favela’s waste problem ➢ 1% of all waste in Rio is recycled

➢ 49 of the 55 rivers are lifeless (no rivers in Rocinha) ➢ 90 tonnes of waste and 18.000 litres of polluted water pass through 55 rivers and canals ➢ Rio generates approximately 3.5 million metric tons of solid waste annually, this is 1,6 kg waste person per day

➢ Favelas are not subjected by government regulations ➢ Rocinha residents: 69.500 – 200.000 (unknown) ➢ Percentage of population living in : 22%

➢ 5 schools within Rocinha area ➢ In 2013, 33% of people were illiterate

➢ 94% of favela residents state that they are happy ➢ Life expectancy within favelas is approximately 48 years, while the national average is 68

SOCIAL SOLUTIONS FOR WASTE PROBLEMS EDUCATION ABOUT WASTE AND NATURE

EDUCATION ABOUT WASTE AND NATURE

Schools in Rocinha and in the area

The Dutch company Tauw is willing to help stop the discharge of sewage into the lake for better water quality.

1. Clean up days at school 2. High school can provide information to other schools

#TeamSeas raised more than 32million in 1 year Potential Willingness and Investment in Helping Rio's Waste Problem

30

25 8

Ferro Velho Used iron/ scrap

Espaço de Desenvolvimento Infantil Professora Edir Caseiro Ribeiro

High school

Rocinha Community School

All ages (free education)

Carioca catalysts factory Safety, organisation and cleaning of the production area

9

15

3

8

5 7

4

10

Ete Baretto Sewage treatment plant

20

Kind of school

Schools in Rocinha and round Rocinha

Escola Municipal Abelardo Chacrinha Barbosa The American School of Rio de Janeiro Gávea Andre Urani Ginásio Experimental de Novas Tecnologias Educacionai

2

primary school primary school, High school.

Primary school

5

10

9

8

8 1

The idea is to place waste bins on the outer edges of the favelas so that they are accessible and can be transported to the recycle spots.

2 0 TheOceanCleanup

Tauw

PlasticSoupFoundation Impact

Investments

GreayGlobalCleanup

UNITAS

Power

SOLUTIONS

PROBLEMS

Amount of waste

Rocinha

0m

34%

Only of the wastewater in this metropolis is cleaned by water treatment plants, the rest flows into the bay and the sea.

15 cities that collectively produce 18,000 liters of wastewater per second and 55 rivers

Microalgea

Around the bay are flow into the bay.

Ludge 1,4m

Gas Garbage

2,8m Problems: ▪ To much waste that accumulates ▪ The government neglects the waste problem ▪ The bad infrastructure in the favela’s make waste collection extra hard ▪ Awareness for the waste problem by the civilians is low

Garbage

Government/ community

Organisation/ clean up campaign

Solutions: ▪ Clarify which parties are involved and what there interest and influence level is ▪ Education projects about waste on schools (organised by the older kids themselves) ▪ Placing waste bins on the edges of the favelas ▪ The big sewer pipe that discharges all the waste of the favelas in the lake will be relocated to discharge its waste in sea. This way the lake stays clean.

Collection

Recycle factory

New products

Rio 1 – Group 4: The solution the water pollution – poster summary

Problem The Favelas are poor neighborhoods around the lake Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon. The problem is that the garbage flows from the streets to the lake and through the canal to the sea. A large part of this waste consists of plastic. This problem has an environmental impact. Rio de Janeiro coastal environments are continually being impacted by intense human activity that cause marine sediments to be contaminated by persistent pollutants such as heavy metals and hydrocarbons. Due to the pulling current of the lock, all the waste is drawn towards the lock which causes that the channel gets clogged by the waste and sediment. The water is not refreshed as a result of poor water quality and animals are at risk of death. These pollutants are very risky for health of people and other organisms

Causes The government cuts in the budget of the Ministry of Environment resulting in no progress in the SDG-goals. There is a distance between what is established in Law and what really happens, because of no penalties and no monitoring. There is no economic support, most of the implementation of reversed logistics are mainly imposed by law and taxes, or interest of consumer groups for sustainability. In the structure the formal side has its flaws but its problematic that the informal side accounts for more than 95 percent. There is a social problem with recognition for waste pickers, discard waste in undesignated areas and food wastage.

The Litter Trap There are several solutions for collecting the plastic waste in lakes. The solution that we are using, is a litter trap located in the estuary of the lake. This is the point where most of the litter will float by.

The first variant will be less recycled and more primitive made. When this project is successful. The collected plastic will be used to make a more upcycled litter trap.

Oyster reef A low-cost solution to the micro-pollution of the Lagoon which includes the use of oysters. Oyster reefs are known for their feature as natural filter that improves water quality, provides a habitat for marine life and due to the structure of the reef, it reduces soil erosion.

A grown oyster can filter up to 200-liter water per day. They sift out 100% impurities and absorb heavy metals from the water, how much depends on the amount of copper in them. The amount of copper an oyster ingest is controlled by a microscopic algae. These microorganisms absorb copper and are the preferd food of oysters.

The reef is made of crushed limestone and concrete on which the floating oyster larves can settle and grow. An oyster takes up a few weeks to become fully grown and live for a proximally 20 years.

Of course, not all oysters live that long. Due to colder temperatures and a single cell bacteria an oysters life can come to an early ending. The ones that become fully grown, they can reproduce and keep providing new ‘filters’ that will filter out and process all pollution. They discharge it as feces that are not harmful anymore, which will keep de environment clean and the oysters safe for consumption.

The oyster reef will be planted in the center of the Lagoon so it can’t be harmed due to human activities like swimming and watersports. The reef will take up and area of 0,4 square kilometers with

about 500 oysters per square meter. This is calculated based on an oyster reef located in Louisiana, which is in a much bigger lake than the Lagoon.

In this poster, the coast of Rio de Janeiro is protected by solutions in the sea. The solution is divided into three phases as shown on the timeline in the poster, the phases are based on the predicted sea level rises. The solution is thus very future oriented. Phase 1 refers to the current situation, phase 2 to a sea level rise of 30cm and phase 3 to a sea level rise of 100cm. Each phase is accompanied by a descriptive text that explains the technical side of the story.

Phase 1 is intended to break the waves in a natural way so that the coast will not be so hard hit by future storms. In this phase, sand banks are constructed. Apart from breaking the waves, these sand banks also increase the biodiversity of the seabed. One section on the right-hand side will be left without sandbanks to ensure that surfing can continue.

Phase 2 goes a step further, here the outer sandbank will be raised to create an artificial island with an opening. On this island, mangrove trees will be planted to protect the island in a natural way.

These trees will also help nature and the animals in the area and this will create a beautiful nature area where the local residents can walk.

Phase 3 is the most drastic phase, in which the peninsula is widened to create an actual park and the solution actually adds something to the habitat of the residents. This island protects the coast from the most violent storms. When the storms are really intense, the opening of the bay can be closed off by storm surge barriers, which are also used in Venice and are therefore proven means of controlling the water in the bay.

Coastal protection Praia de Ipanema Current situation (present) In the current situation of Ipanema beach, it is the case that the beach can be flooded due to the heavy wave action. Due to climate change and the rising sea level, this will become more severe in the near future with all its consequences. In addition, the wave currents cause the channel to silt up with sand.

The wave currents are indicated by two large arrows in the illustration to the right: A (Autumn and Winter currents) & B (Spring and Summer currents).

Ipanema Beach

Phasing

B

A

As the sea level continues to rise, this project is divided into three phases. Each phase represents a solution for a particular sea level rise, so that no extremely radical changes need to be made all at once. Phase 1 is a solution to the current situation. Phase 2 is a solution for a sea level rise up to 0.3 metres and Phase 3 is a solution for a rise of around one metre.

Phasing sea level

Phase 1 - (Year 2030)

Phase 2 - (Year 2060) In phase 2, the outer sand bank will be raised above the water level. Mangrove trees will be placed on the sea side of this breakwater. Mangrove trees are trees whose roots can stand in salt water and be under water for part of the day. Mangrove trees are excellent wave breakers, and this method is also used in Florida and Suriname. Besides breaking waves, the trees also ensure that the ground on which they stand retains sand and clay so that the soil rises naturally.

This soil rise is often faster than the sea level rise so that little maintenance is needed in the future. Mangrove trees are also an excellent breeding ground for many animals, which promotes biodiversity.

In addition, these trees provide a beautiful park for the residents of Rio to walk and relax in a natural environment.

In phase 1, sand banks have been added. The purpose of these sandbanks is to break the large waves before they reach the coast to minimise the impact. These sandbanks are 6 metres high and completely under water. The sandbanks are completely covered with sea grass to prevent erosion and to keep the sandbanks in place in a natural way. In this phase, the focus is mainly on minimising the impact of waves and little has been done about sea level rise, so this phase can be carried out right away in Rio de Janeiro.

Natural park

Seagrass

Sandbank

Mangrove forest

Final design - Phase 3 (Year 2100) In the final phase, the elevated sandbank will be turned into a beautiful large park. This park will improve the quality of life of the residents and increase the value of the environment.

The second addition in this phase is a storm surge barrier. This is based on the storm surge barriers in Venice, Italy. The storm surge barrier consists of several barriers measuring 20 by 25 metres. These function as a mobile dike so that the created bay can be closed off during high tides and storms.

When these storm-surge barriers are down, surfing is still possible.The opening of the bay is based on the angle from which it is best to surf on Ipanema Beach.

Storm surge barrier

Lars Schoonderwoerd Wesley Tiel Adraen Stigter Linh Nguyen Gayle Reijchard

Facilities: - Cycling - Diving - Water activities - Cultural buildings

Principal

Food

Swimming

Nature

Bibliography https://phys.org/news/2016-06-seagrass-crucial-weapon-coastal-erosion.html https://www.nature.org/media/oceansandcoasts/mangroves-for-coastal-defence.pdf https://www.mosevenezia.eu/project/?lang=en https://www.rijkswaterstaat.nl/water/waterbeheer/bescherming-tegen-hetwater/maatregelen-om-overstromingen-te-voorkomen/kustonderhoud https://on-the-sand.com/2021/04/12/what-is-dredging-sand-replenishment/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/sandbank https://books.google.nl/books?id=WhomEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA35&lpg=PA35&dq=width+sandb ank&source=bl&ots=kBNLYiI3gb&sig=ACfU3U2xkiFA2ZRGZVEgQNnHzibFGxHrw&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi56tzfq6f3AhVciv0HHb8zDP0Q6AF6BAgbEAM#v=onepage& q=width%20sandbank&f=false https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-eastern-breakwater-at-the-Rio-Grande-PortBrazil-has-been-extended-by-370-m_fig2_275683696 https://www.deltares.nl/nl/nieuws/bomen-uitstekend-in-staat-om-golven-te-dempeneerste-wetenschappelijke-bewijs-nu-geleverd/ https://www.designboom.com/architecture/mose-flood-barrier-venice-storm-alex-10-052020/

Rio 2 Team 2

Problem: prevent the silting of the canal and redevelop the adjacent park.

Our goal was to inspire the people living in the direct area to promote change. Our proposition would bring a variety of developments. First, we would solve the main problem by extending the canal deeper into the ocean and creating a breakwater system. The brake water system prevents the direct contact with the shallow canal, this solves the problems caused by the silting. Further the redevelopment of the park is essential for a realistic proposition. We divided the park into 5 zones from top to bottom.

Zone 1: would be the creation of two large apartment complexes with parking lot, this would be aimed at the working class and would act as a economic incentive for contractors.

Zone2: The addition of a sport area including 1 covered soccer field, 2 open air soccer fields and 2 basketball courts. This would allow the creation of clubs and bring the community together.

Zone 3: A large green area, we would need to remove one of the bridges currently passing over the park. This green zone would add a spot for relaxation or time to spend with family in the middle of a busy city.

Zone 4: The creation of a recreational zone with open pavilions for people who need a place to practice group recreational activities for free without the need to rent a space.

Zone 5: would be the creation of a pier over the breakwater. This is important to connect the three different areas around it the park and the two beaches. The pier would also act as a market zone for the local people and a great addition to the touristic vision of Rio.

Pedro Évora

Ipanema park Combining developments

Problem Solution

Amenities

Creation of Dikes

Appartment complex

No flood protection and unmaintained park grounds

Provides Living benefits for the working class and Economic incentives for the development

Sport zones Connecting the parks No direct access thoughout park areas

Allows recreational individuals and Club members of sports associations to partake in the sport facilities

Green zones Provides an area for turists and the community to spend time in a green enviroment

Overhead bridges Lack Bike and pedestrian friendly crossings

Recreation zones Provides zones for people who enjoy different group recreational activities such as yoga, zumba or martial arts.

Main Problem Prevent the canal from silting up with sand by constructing a pier/land reclamation project.​

Market and restaurant

Waterbrake

Provides a spot for locals to sell their products and gives a chance to turists to taste the local foods.

Pier

Waste collection system

Ecological benefits with reef blocks

Ruben Meaux

Energy generation

Thijs van Maaren

Sophie Getrouw

The pier also contains a large open space for musical performances and small venues.

Stefan Kovacevic

Nuray Hess

Introduction poster The first obstacle is the most current issues of climate change which the Brazilian beaches will also have to deal with. An increase of extreme weather and a rise of the sea level are the concerns that we have considered. One of our sub-questions related to the expected climate changes for Praia de Ipanema. From this we concluded that heavy rains are frequent, and the sea level is expected to rise by 3 meters in the next 250 years.

The second and main problem for us was the reduction of the beach area. The canal is the main cause of erosion, which results in the need to shovel off a large quantity of sand. You understand that every time this happens, the beach gets smaller and smaller.

From what we have noticed, there are zero to no ways to seek shade on a hot summer day.

There are very few trees and greenery around the beach and the boulevard. Because there is so little green space, heat stress is created in the area. Lower labour productivity and increased aggression are consequences of heat stress. Creating more green space can help prevent heat stress.

Currently, the boulevard is directly adjacent to the bike path and busy road. This can create dangerous situations that reduce social safety. Creating a verge with plants and trees contributes to increasing the safety between traffic and pedestrians, by simply splitting both roads. In addition, there are many crowds on the beach and around the boulevard. This can also create unsafe situations and reduce the social security.

A. van Prooijen, M. van den Doel, N. Gomes, T. Habers, S. Tommel

Descrição do Problema 2022

Proteção costeira Praia de Ipanema Situação desejada 2050 Climate change; more extreme weather and sea level rise

Reduction of beach surface area

Heat stress

Social security

The desired situation for the coast of Praia de Ipanema is neither a probability of flooding nor high sea levels. Canal Jardim do Alah no longer contributes to the loss of sand on the beach. There is a strong social security on the boulevard and the beach.

More space is being made for social meeting places, this affects the quality of life.

‘‘

In what way can land reclamation contribute to flood control off the coast of Praia de Ipanema?

A. van Prooijen, M. van den Doel, N. Gomes, T. Habers, S. Tommel

Posto 10

Proteção costeira Praia de Ipanema

Posto 9

Descrição do Problema 2022

Posto 11

Posto 8

Situação Situação desejada 2050 2050 desejada Climate change; more extreme weather and sea level rise

Reduction of beach surface area

Heat stress

Social security

The desired situation for the coast of Praia de Ipanema is a low probability of flooding nor high sea levels. Canal Jardim do Alah no longer contributes to the loss of sand on the beach. There is a strong social security on the boulevard and the beach. More space is being made for social meeting places, this affects the quality of life.

‘‘

In what way can land reclamation contribute to flood control off the coast of Praia de Ipanema?’

Posto 11

Posto 10

Posto 9 Posto 8

A SOLUÇÃO 1

Erosion is a common problem along the entire Brazilian coast, and this also applies to the project location. The beach size differs from one posto to another. This is why the beach will be increased to around 100 meters.

2 3 4 5

The risk of flooding is a big problem. A solution to this problem is the installation of wave breakers at around 150 metres offshore. This should ensure that the waves are broken, which reduces the risk of flooding.

In the design, we made sure that the water can flow under the second pier. This was done because of the erosion that takes place. The pier will be made on concrete walls so that the water from the canal will pass between these walls and then flow into the sea. The pier has a lenght of about 150 meters These infiltration crates are placed under the road surface and they collect the rainwater. By storing that water, it can be used for plants. This is a way to use water sustainably.

Visualização Improve Liveability for both residents and tourists Providing more space Boulevard extended from 3 to 10 metres, connected to the beach by stairs Future possibility to build a dike Two piers filled with facilities POSTO 8 Pier constructed out of wood, which gives a very natural look to the area. This pier will have a few markets and kiosk, as well as two play halls. On top of that, a park with an area of 1200m2 will be located on this pier, to contribute to the greenery in the area and for people to spend time.

POSTO 11

Pier made out of concrete, which is an extention for the canal. Water will flow to the open sea. On top of the pier, both a restaurant and a club will reside to benefit the entertainment area.

Creating a verge with plants and trees contributes to increasing the safety. By splitting both roads for traffic and the pedestrians, we expect to see less accidents.

A SOLUÇÃO 1

Erosion is a common problem along the entire Brazilian coast, and this also applies to the project location. The beach size differs from one posto to another. This is why the beach will be increased to around 100 meters.

2

The risk of flooding is a big problem. A solution to this problem is the installation of wavebreakers at around 150 metres offshore. This should ensure that the waves are broken, which reduces the risk of flooding.

3

In the design, we made sure that the water can flow under the second pier. This was done because of the erosion that takes place. The pier will be made on concrete walls so that the water from the canal will pass between these walls and then flow into the sea. The pier has a length of about 150 meters.

4

Infiltration crates are placed under the road surface and they collect the rainwater. By storing that water, it can be used for plants. This is a way to use water sustainably.

5

Creating a verge with plants and trees contributes to increasing the safety. By splitting both roads for traffic and the pedestrians, we expect to see less accidents.

Visualização Improve liveability for both residents and tourists Providing more space Boulevard extended from 3 to 10 metres, connected to the beach by stairs Future possibility to build a dike Two piers filled with facilities POSTO 8 Pier constructed out of wood, which gives a very natural look to the area. This pier will have a few markets and kiosk, as well as two play halls. On top of that, a park with an area of 1200m2 will be located on this pier, to contribute to the greenery in the area and for people to spend time.

POSTO 11

Pier made out of concrete, which is an extention for the canal. Water will flow to the open sea. On top of the pier, both a restaurant and a club will reside to benefit the entertainment area.

Rio 2 group 4 Plan summary During periods of extended and heavy rainfall water flows down from the hills and surrounding neighborhoods into the laguna causing the water level to rise. This causes low lying land bordering the laguna on the eastern and western side to flood. In order to solve this problem we’ve applied a three step principle in our intervention-plan: 1. Delay the water flows 2. Store and manage the water 3. Drain the water quicker if necessary Delaying the water by greenifying the surrounding neighborhoods through the application of more green spaces and green roofs will reduce the peak water in the laguna level during heavy rainfall.

This will mitigate the risk of flooding of low laying areas. Storing the water temporarily underground or transporting it in case of emergency to the jockey field (Jockey Club Brasileiro) and executing a controlled flood will also greatly reduce the risk of flooding more populated and economically significant areas.

A 2 meter tall dyke surrounding the laguna will further reduce the risk of flooding. Such a dike will provide a massive additional storage capability of approximately 4.400.000 cubic meters of water.

Other than providing additional storage the new higher water level will make drainage of water through the canal to the ocean easier. On top of that will such a dike offer many opportunities for the creation of new recreational and natural spaces along the coast of the laguna. The planting of native plants and mangroves through the “Sponge” city principle will even help clean the water in the laguna. Building a dyke also means that water levels can now be managed through a system of existing channels and new pumping stations.

Finally the draining of water out of the laguna can be improved by creating a greater water carrying capacity of the channel towards the ocean in case of heavy rainfall and emergency. This can be done by combining the channel (Canal do Jardim de Alah) and surrounding parks into one long floodable park all the way from the laguna dyke to the ocean. The whole park will essentially become the channel during emergency high water level situations. This allows more water to drain the laguna more quickly, further mitigating the risk of the flooding of populated and economically significant areas. The floodable park itself will be made resistant to these occasional temporary floods.

Summary by: Lucas Brouwer

Resolvendo o problema das enchentes na Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas Problem

Heavy rain

Goes into the laguna

Result

Solution

store the water

drain water

Add recreation to the laguna

The mangrove trees remove contaminants from the water

Prevent floodings in residential areas

PEDRO ÉVORA

Give the laguna and canal enough space to flood if needed.

During heavy rainwater flows down from the hills and surrounding neighbourhoods into the laguna causing the water level to rise. Water can be stored and delayed better before it enters the laguna. Water infiltration in the area surrounding the laguna can be better due to the high amount of stone and tarmac covering the ground. The outlet does not allow water to drain water into the ocean quick enough. This causes floods and water damages. The three steps to solve this problem are:

Plan

Delay the water

There is a lot of pollution in the laguna

Flooding

Water level rises

1. Delay the water flows 2. Store and manage the water 3. Drain the water quicker if necessary

WADI (Water Drainage and Infiltration)

Smart Water City

Delay

Green or Blue roofs

Another water buffer is a Wadi (Water Drainage and Infiltration). This buffer is like a little green channel that catches rain water and infiltrates it into the ground. Under the Wadi, there is infrastructure underneath to store and dispose of the water, such as infiltration crates, granulate pellets and drain pipes.

Instead of instantly draining the water to the sewer system, green and blue roofs hold water so the peak of the waterfall shifts, creating more time to drain excess water and preventing flooding in the laguan

Water pumping station

Sponge

WADI’s create green spaces while giving the water a way to infiltrate into the ground, this way the water will drain into the ground instead of flowing into the laguna.

Sluice

Recreation

Drain

Store

To slow down the water flow, more green points are being created in the city to absorb the water. This way, the water flows are delayed and do not run immediately into the laguna. This can be realized with blue and green roofs, these roofs hold the water and will let it slowly integrate into the earth and crates.

These green roofs are easy to install, and can be placed on already existing roofs, making it an easily accesable solution. Once they have reached the bottom the water is transported through a system of pipes to, if possible an underground water storage or towards a greenspace on ground level where it can infiltrate into the earth.

Dann van Dodewaard, Lucas Brouwer, Luuk van Leeuwen, Tony van den Berge, Noah Disseldorp, Bram Koster

Beach

Port

Smart water city allow water to be shared between different regions in the city, this allowes water to flow from flooded areas to areas where there is a lack of water. Further lowering the load on the sewage system

Sponge/wetlands

Constructed wetlands create a natural filter for the water, it also helps the water to drain into the ground more easily. It also allows the placement of mangrove trees. Creating green spaces.

The last way to delay the water, is via Smart Water City. Blue corridors in the city allow the water to flow to different areas and balance out. These can be used to transport water to the jockey field during a period of frequent and intense rainfall and store it there until there is a drought in the city at which point the water can be let back into the city. This way the system is used to combat both floods as well as droughts.

The ability to store a large amount of water may be the most useful and important step of solving the water problems of the laguna. Furthermore, a higher seawater level causes the discharge period of the canal to be shorter and lengthens the interval between to discharge periods. The longer this interval, the more important the ability to store larger amounts of water.

Therefore the decision has been made to raise the surroundings of the laguna by means of a small dyke. The dyke will be two meters high, this results in an additional storage quantity of approximately 4.400.000 cubic meters. Other than providing additional storage the dyke facilitates the water to rise to a higher level than before, as a consequence the water will be able to drain more easily. The combination of the storage and the higher water level are especially potent in solving the water height problem of the area.

With the seawater level rising and more extreme rainfall accurring, now more than ever, it is essential that the drainage systems of the laguna are up to date. The current system offers little to no help in solving the drainage problems, the canal is to small in its profile and there is no proper sluice to control the waterflow in and out of the laguna. Therefore it can be stated that with the increasing of the seawater level and the build-up of more extreme rainfall the laguna will overflow more often.

To solve this problem the canal has been increased in size. This helps with the temporary storage of water and increases the flow rate of the canal. Surrounding the canal there will be a park that will add public green space to the city.

The park around the canal will flood during heavy rainfall, thus giving the water more space. Because of this controlled flooding of the park there will be less uncontrolled floodings in the areas surrounding the laguna.

Other than that the choice has been made to renovate the sluice at the mouth of the canal, its newfound purpose will be controlling the water level in the laguna.