Test bank for meeting the ethical challenges of leadership casting light or shadow 7th edition craig

Test Bank for Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership Casting Light or Shadow 7th Editi

Test Bank for Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership Casting Light or Shadow 7th Edition Craig E. Johnson To download the complete and accurate content document, go to: https://testbankbell.com/download/test-bank-for-meeting-the-ethical-challenges-of-lea dership-casting-light-or-shadow-7th-edition-craig-e-johnson/

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 7e SAGE Publishing, 2021

Chapter 6: Ethical Decision Making and Behavior Test Bank Multiple Choice 1. Which type of thinker looks to others for guidance when deciding how to act?

A. postconventional B. preconventional C. conventional D. principled Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Cognitive Moral Development Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

2. In which stage of the four-component model, does one determine the course of action to take?

A. moral judgment B. moral character C. moral sensitivity D. moral motivation Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Component 2: Moral Judgment Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

3. Deceiving ourselves into thinking we are acting morally when we are not is called ______.

Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 7e SAGE Publishing, 2021

A. ethical reflection B. ethical fading C. ethical confusion D. ethical silence Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Component 1: Moral Sensitivity (Recognition) Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

4. Which type of emotions encourage us to comfort and help others?

A. other condemning B. other suffering C. self-conscious D. other praising Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Component 3: Moral Focus (Motivation) Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

5. According to Mary Gentile from Giving Voice to Values, all of the following are examples of pillars that help us make ethical choices EXCEPT ______.

A. treat values conflicts as normal B. play to personal strengths C. anticipate rationalizations for unethical behavior D. be empathetic in your decision-making Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Box 6.1: Giving Voice to Values

Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 7e SAGE Publishing, 2021

Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

6. The ______ model highlights the role that intuition and social norms play in moral determinations.

A. social intuitionist B. ethical checkpoint C. 12 questions D. dual process Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Ethical Decision Making: A Dual Process Approach Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

7. All of the following are psychological subprocesses according to James Rest, EXCEPT ______.

A. moral sensitivity B. moral competence C. moral focus D. moral character Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Components of Moral Action Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

8. Which of the following will increase your ethical sensitivity?

A. employing euphemisms when talking about unethical behavior B. imagining other perspectives

Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 7e SAGE Publishing, 2021

C. ignoring emotions D. relying on external motivation Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Component 1: Moral Sensitivity (Recognition) Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

9. Which one is not a level in Kohlberg’s moral development?

A. conventional B. postconceptual C. preconventional D. motivational Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Cognitive Moral Development Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

10. Which element is not part of ethical blind spots?

A. overestimating our ethicality B. in-group favoritism C. out-group favoritism D. judging based on outcomes, not the process Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Ethical Blind Spots Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 7e SAGE Publishing, 2021

11. ______ is a psychological state or resource made up of moral ownership, moral courage, and moral efficacy.

A. Moral reasoning B. Moral potency C. Moral character D. Moral landscape Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Component 3: Moral Focus (Motivation) Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

12. Being driven by duty to make and act on ethical decisions largely on their loyalty to the group is called ______.

A. duty orientation B. moral orientation C. loyalty orientation D. primary orientation Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Component 4: Moral Character Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

13. Which one is not a step in the Lonergan/Baird method?

A. be attentive B. be intelligent C. be encouraging D. be responsible Ans: C

Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 7e SAGE Publishing, 2021

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Lonergan/Baird Method Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

14. ______ refers to making an ethical issue more visible or salient.

A. Moral sensitivity B. Moral intensity C. Moral focus D. Moral character Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Component 1: Moral Sensitivity (Recognition) Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

15. Individuals with a/an ______ locus of control believe that they can determine what happens to them.

A. internal B. external C. open D. closed Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Component 4: Moral Character Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

16. ______ are networks of knowledge organized around life events.

A. Tolerance

Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 7e SAGE Publishing, 2021

B. Schemas C. Moral thoughts D. Ethical perspectives Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Cognitive Moral Development Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

17. ______ reasoning is the most advanced level of moral reasoning, according to Lawrence Kohlberg.

A. Preconventional B. Conventional C. Postconventional D. Moral Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Cognitive Moral Development Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

18. In ______, organizational members want to appear moral instead of being moral.

A. moral sensitivity B. moral hypocrisy C. moral focus D. moral character Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Component 3: Moral Focus (Motivation) Difficulty Level: Medium

Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 7e SAGE Publishing, 2021

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

19. In the ______ stage of the four-component model of ethical decision-making, the leader must put moral values above other considerations in order to follow through on ethical choices.

A. moral focus (motivation) B. moral hypocrisy C. moral rendering D. moral character Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Component 3: Moral Focus (Motivation) Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

20. ______ recognizes the presence of an ethical issue.

A. Moral sensitivity B. Moral hypocrisy C. Moral focus D. Moral character Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Component 1: Moral Sensitivity (Recognition) Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

21. ______ and ______ are self-conscious emotions.

A. Embarrassment; guilt B. Shame; fear C. Anger; disgust D. Sympathy; compassion

Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 7e SAGE Publishing, 2021

Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Component 3: Moral Focus (Motivation) Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

22. ______ and ______ are other-suffering emotions.

A. Embarrassment; guilt B. Shame; fear C. Anger; disgust D. Sympathy; compassion Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Component 3: Moral Focus (Motivation) Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

23. Tolerating ______ and ambiguity occurs when managers disagree about values and courses of action.

A. moral disagreement B. moral hypocrisy C. moral focus D. moral character Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Components of Moral Action Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

24. Most people are at the ______ level of moral reasoning.

Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 7e SAGE Publishing, 2021

A. preconventional B. conventional C. postconventional D. moral Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Cognitive Moral Development Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

25. ______ ability generally increases with age and education.

A. Moral disagreement B. Moral reasoning C. Moral focus D. Moral character Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Cognitive Moral Development Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

26. ______ and ______ are other-condemning emotions.

A. Embarrassment; guilt B. Shame; fear C. Anger; disgust D. Sympathy; compassion Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Component 3: Moral Focus (Motivation) Difficulty Level: Medium

Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 7e SAGE Publishing, 2021

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

27. ______ and ______ are other-praising (positive) emotions.

A. Embarrassment; guilt B. Shame; fear C. Gratitude; awe D. Sympathy; compassion Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Component 3: Moral Focus (Motivation) Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

28. All of the following are examples of ethical blind spots EXCEPT ______.

A. overestimating our ethicality B. out-group bias C. forgiving our own unethical behavior D. in-group favoritism Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Ethical Blind Spots Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

29. According to the Lonergan/Baird method, Step 1 is to ______ and consider what works and what doesn’t.

A. be attentive B. be intelligent C. be reasonable D. be responsible

Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 7e SAGE Publishing, 2021

Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Lonergan/Baird Method Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

30. According to the Lonergan/Baird method, Step 2 is to ______ and sort through the data.

A. be attentive B. be intelligent C. be reasonable D. be responsible Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: The Lonergan/Baird Method Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

31. According to the Lonergan/Baird method, Step 3 is to ______ and evaluate the options.

A. be attentive B. be intelligent C. be reasonable D. be responsible Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Lonergan/Baird Method Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

32. According to the Lonergan/Baird method, Step 4 is to ______ and act with courage.

A. be attentive

Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 7e SAGE Publishing, 2021

B. be intelligent C. be reasonable D. be responsible Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Lonergan/Baird Method Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

33. Psychologists report that self-interest and ______ undermine moral motivation.

A. hypocrisy B. ethics C. fear D. hate Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Component 3: Moral Focus (Motivation) Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

34. ______ is when leaders and followers have strong opinions about right or wrong but can’t explain why they feel as they do.

A. Moral dumbfounding B. Moral obligation C. Moral reasoning D. Moral process Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Ethical Decision Making: A Dual Process Approach Difficulty Level: Easy

Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 7e SAGE Publishing, 2021

AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

35. Ethical thinking activates both cognitive and ______ areas of the brain.

A. intuition B. rational C. emotional D. dual Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Ethical Decision Making: A Dual Process Approach Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

36. What is the first step for Rest’s four-component model of ethical action?

A. moral sensitivity (recognition) B. moral judgment C. moral focus (motivation) D. moral character Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Component 1: Moral Sensitivity (Recognition) Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

37. When people are focused solely on consequences, which level of moral development is this?

A. preconventional B. conventional C. postconventional D. principled

Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 7e SAGE Publishing, 2021

Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Cognitive Moral Development Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

38. Sarah wanted feedback and guidance from her peers on her ethical dilemma. Which level of ethical thinking is Sarah demonstrating?

A. preconventional B. conventional C. post conventional D. process Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Cognitive Moral Development Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

39. John always sought to challenge his team for higher level ethical thinking. Which level of ethical thinking is John promoting?

A. preconventional B. conventional C. post conventional D. process Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Cognitive Moral Development Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 7e SAGE Publishing, 2021

40. ______ is the psychological state or resource made up of moral ownership and moral courage.

A. Moral sensitivity B. Moral judgment C. Moral potency D. Moral character Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Component 3: Moral Focus (Motivation) Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

41. What is it called when someone feels sympathy after seeing a picture of a child in need or a shelter animal that needs a home or a hungry homeless person?

A. moral sensitivity B. moral judgment C. moral obligation D. moral emotions Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Component 3: Moral Focus (Motivation) Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

True/False 1. Rewards encourage decision makers to follow through on their ethical choices.

Ans: T Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Component 3: Moral Focus (Motivation)

Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 7e SAGE Publishing, 2021

Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

2. Anger, disgust, and contempt are other-suffering emotions.

Ans: F Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Component 3: Moral Focus (Motivation) Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

3. Those who use maintaining norms moral reasoning schema are concerned with following rules and laws and making sure that regulations apply to everyone.

Ans: T Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Cognitive Moral Development Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

4. Researchers in cognitive neuroscience or neuroethics are also challenging the notion that ethical thinking is devoid of emotion.

Ans: T Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Ethical Decision Making: A Dual Process Approach Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

5. According to Rest’s model, moral character implies motivation.

Ans: F Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Component 1: Moral Sensitivity (Recognition)

Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 7e SAGE Publishing, 2021

Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

6. Sympathy and compassion are other-praising emotions.

Ans: F Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Component 1: Moral Sensitivity (Recognition) Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

7. In the maintaining norms schema, people believe they have a moral obligation to maintain social order.

Ans: T Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Cognitive Moral Development Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

8. Externally oriented people (externals) believe that life events are beyond their control and are the product of fate or luck instead.

Ans: T Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Component 4: Moral Character Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

9. Choosing not to act is acting.

Ans: T Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Lonergan/Baird Method

Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 7e SAGE Publishing, 2021

Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

10. One of the cons of the Lonergan/Baird method is that it is not widely used.

Ans: F Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Lonergan/Baird Method Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

11. According to the Foursquare Protocol Element 1, you need to dig into the facts.

Ans: T Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Foursquare Protocol Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

12. Incorporating intuition into ethics training can improve ethical behavior.

Ans: T Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Ethical Decision Making: A Dual Process Approach Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

Short Answer/Essay 1. List the five ethical blind spots listed in the text under Component 2.

Ans: Overestimating our ethicality, forgiving our own unethical behavior, in-group favoritism, implicit prejudice, and judging based on outcomes, not the process.

Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 7e SAGE Publishing, 2021

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Ethical Blind Spots Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

2. Describe and briefly explain the four components of moral action.

Ans: (1) Moral sensitivity (recognition), (2) moral judgment, (3) moral focus (motivation), and (4) moral character. (Explanations will vary.)

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Components of Moral Action Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

3. What is meant by ethical decision-making being a dual process approach?

Ans: Varies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Ethical Decision Making: A Dual Process Approach Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

4. How can you increase your sensitivity to ethical issues?

Ans: We can increase our ethical sensitivity by doing the following steps: using active listening and role-playing; imagining other perspectives; stepping back from a situation to determine whether it has moral implications; using moral terminology to discuss problems and issues; avoiding euphemisms; refusing to excuse misbehavior; accepting personal responsibility; and practicing humility and openness to other points of view.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Component 1: Moral Sensitivity (Recognition) Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 7e SAGE Publishing, 2021

5. Name and describe Kohlberg’s first level of moral development.

Ans: Level I, preconventional thinking, is the most primitive and focuses on consequences. This form of moral reasoning is common among children who choose to obey to avoid punishment (Stage 1) or follow the rules in order to meet their interests (Stage 2). Stage 2 thinkers are interested in getting a fair deal: You help me, and I’ll help you.

Answer Location: Cognitive Moral Development Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

6. Why do leaders often choose the ethical course of action but then fail to follow through on their choice?

Ans: Varies.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Components of Moral Action Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

7. Develop your own decision-making format. Outline each step and explain why it is important.

Ans: Varies.

Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Decision-Making Formats Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

8. Explain the roles that emotions play in ethical decision-making and action.

Ans: Varies.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Component 3: Moral Focus (Motivation) Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 7e SAGE Publishing, 2021

9. What steps can you take to improve your ability to make and follow through on ethical choices based on material from this chapter?

Ans: Varies.

Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Decision-Making Formats Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

10. Describe the role of neuroscience in our understanding of emotions.

Ans: Varies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Ethical Decision Making: A Dual Process Approach Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

11. Practicing intelligent disobedience is a four-step process. Briefly describe each step.

Ans: (1) Understand the mission, values, and goals of the organization or group; (2) pause and examine any order that seems inconstant with the mission, values, and goals; (3) make a conscious choice to comply or resist the order, offering an alternative when possible; and (4) assume personal accountability for your choice to obey or disobey.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Intelligent Disobedience Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

12. Discuss the seven pillars or foundational concepts that equip ethical choices by Giving Voice to Values.

Ans: See Box 6.1.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Box 6.1: Giving Voice to Values

Test Bank for Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership Casting Light or Shadow 7th Editi

Johnson, Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership, 7e SAGE Publishing, 2021

Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

13. Briefly discuss the significance of the Lonergan/Baird method.

Ans: Varies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Lonergan/Baird Method Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

14. Describe what you learned about the Foursquare Protocol.

Ans: Varies.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Foursquare Protocol Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

15. How can we build moral intensity?

Ans: We can build moral intensity by (1) illustrating that the situation can cause significant harm or benefit to many people (magnitude of consequences); (2) establishing that there is social consensus or agreement that a behavior is moral or immoral (e.g., legal or illegal, approved or forbidden by a professional association); (3) demonstrating probability of effect, that the act will happen and will cause harm or benefit; (4) showing that the consequences will happen soon (temporal immediacy); (5) emphasizing social, psychological, physical, or psychological closeness (proximity) with those affected by our actions; and (6) proving that one person or a group will greatly suffer due to a decision (concentration of effect).

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Component 1: Moral Sensitivity (Recognition) Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters