Research Turned into Action - Global Governance Programme 2015

RESEARCH TURNED INTO ACTION The Global Governance Programme

FOREWORD

The Global Governance Programme (GGP) is one of the flagship programmes of the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies at the European University Institute (EUI). It aims to: build a community of outstanding professors and scholars, produce high quality research, engage with the world of practice through policy dialogue, and contribute to the fostering of present and future generations of policy and decision makers through its executive training.

The launch of the GGP in 2010 was based on the understanding that the world has fundamentally changed over the last twenty years, becoming ever more connected and multipolar, with a pronounced expansion in demand for global governance given the problems facing our contemporary societies. Many of the big issues facing the world can only be addressed through co-operation across borders, involving States, international organisations, civil society and private actors. The international system is characterised by a serial rise in the number of regional organisations, trade agreements, arbitration mechanisms, and NGOs with a global focus. States remain powerful actors in the international system but do so as part of a world of connectivity and deep interdependence.

In all of these areas, established and early career scholars research, write on and discuss, within and beyond academia, issues of global governance in a unique environment full of creativity and intellectual vitality, in close co-operation with other Robert Schuman Centre programmes and the wider EUI community.

Thanks in part to the unparalleled convening power of the Robert Schuman Centre, the Global Governance Programme has attracted distinguished scholars and leading decision makers for intellectually vibrant discussions, which have contributed robust critical thinking to questions of policy and institutional design. The GGP produces high quality academic and policy publications, including the Policy Brief series.

Find out more about our research community and how to join us, learn more about our core activities in the following pages, and keep abreast of the many initiatives, conferences, workshops, seminars and executive training courses through our website and Facebook page.

The GGP, as the EUI’s response to these developments in regional and international co-operation, focuses on four broad interdisciplinary themes and on the many crosscutting issues related to globalisation: ■■ European, Transnational and Global Governance ■■ Global Economics ■■ Europe in the World ■■ Cultural Pluralism

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Brigid Laffan Director of the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies and of the Global Governance Programme

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INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AT THE FOREFRONT

EUROPEAN, TRANSNATIONAL AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE The European Transnational and Global Governance research area develops policy-oriented research with a transversal character. This is based on the understanding that a serial increase has occurred in the number of actors engaging in governance beyond State borders; for example, some 60,000 NGOs are operating in the international system. Moreover, many different modes of governance exist at regional and global levels, including State-led forms of transnational governance, governance and regulation produced by non-State actors plus a multiplicity of regime complexes involving both public and private actors. This research area focuses on the mechanisms, processes and agents of governance at global and regional level, while its activities bridge other Global Governance Programme research areas that concentrate more on specific global public goods, notably, trade, investment, development, cultural pluralism and the role of Europe in the world.

Linked to a substantive focus on governance, emphasis is placed on how transnational cooperation evolves and operates in different parts of the world. The research area draws on the experiences of European, regional and international organisations to analyse negotiation dynamics, power and asymmetrical relations, the institutionalisation of co-operation, the role of law and norms, issues of regulation and compliance, and differences across policy fields and regions of the world. Attention is paid to questions of design, effects and compliance of different modes of governance. The research area also addresses issues pertaining to the legitimacy, efficiency and accountability of evolving modes of governance that are weakly rooted in democratic politics within States.

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The European Union has evolved into the most institutionalised and legally bounded system of governance above the level of the State. The depth and range of its policy reach, central institutions, and the constitutionalisation of its treaties have transformed the original communities into a distinctive compound polity. The EU represents an intensive site of transnational governance unmatched in other regions in the world. Europe possesses unparalleled experience as a laboratory of transnational governance and co-operation. The focus here is on ‘Europe as a Laboratory’ that forms the core dynamics of European integration and the governance modes that it has fostered.

However, although lessons may be drawn from the European experience, they cannot be exported unchanged to other parts of the world, hence the related theme, within this area, of comparative regional integration.

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COMPARATIVE REGIONAL INTEGRATION The research team of the European Transnational and Global Governance area in fact analyses one of the most noteworthy forms of transnational governance that confronts globalisation, notably, the creation and reactivation of regional organisations. Trade and economic motivations inspire the creation of regional groupings but other issues, such as security and even social cohesion, are often articulated as rationales for this trend. In trade terms, regional integration raises the issue of compatibility between the global and the regional. The uni-

verse of existing regional organisations is explored with a comparative focus, with particular attention paid to the question of institutional design. The area aims to address questions on what inspires the selection of specific institutional architectures and on the effects of these choices in terms of compliance, efficiency, legitimacy and democratic accountability. Organs such as regional courts, parliaments, and secretariats are analysed in a comparative manner, as well as forms of regional citizenship or domestic constitutional openings to regional processes.

DIRECTORS

Brigid Laffan is Director and Professor at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies and Director of the Global Governance Programme. In August 2013, Professor Laffan left the School of Politics and International Relations (SPIRe) at University College Dublin (UCD) where she was Professor of European Politics. She was Vice-President of UCD and Principal of the College of Human Sciences from 2004 to 2011.

She was the founding director of the Dublin European Institute at UCD from 1999 and in March 2004 was elected as a member of the Royal Irish Academy. She is a member of the Board of the Mary Robinson Foundation for Climate Justice. Professor Laffan was on the Fulbright Commission (until September 2013) and the 2013 Visiting Scientist for the EXACT Marie Curie Network.

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Carlos Closa Montero, is part-time Professor at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. He is Professor at the Institute for Public Goods and Policies (IPP) at the Spanish National Research Council.

He served (2005-2009) as member of the Venice Commission for Democracy through Law (Council of Europe) and was Deputy Director of the Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies (2004-2008).

Formerly, he was Professor at the University of Zaragoza and Complutense and Visiting Professor at the College of Europe and the Instituto Universitario Ortega y Gasset.

He was Visiting Fellow at the Minda de Gunzburg Centre at Harvard University, Jean Monnet Fellow and Salvador de Madariaga Fellow at the EUI and Emile Noel Fellow at the New York University.

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GLOBAL ECONOMICS: TRADE, INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT

Executive Training Global Value Chains: Policy Implications and Opportunities

The Global Economics research area conducts policyrelevant research in the area of trade, investment and economic development. An ever larger share of national output and employment involves participation in international value chains, with firms specialising in defined inputs and services that are embodied in a final product.

Economic development and growth prospects of countries depend on effective policies that support the ability of firms to participate in the global economy. Global value chains offer a useful framework to better understand how regulations impact on trade and investment and to identify policies that governments can use to enable firms to better exploit trade opportunities. Those policies may generate negative impacts on other countries.

International agreements are a key instrument used by governments to agree on policy disciplines to reduce these detrimental spillover effects.

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The research team focuses on issues of interest to the European Union and its Member States, but also beyond European boundaries, including in relation to the functioning and future of the multilateral trading system (the WTO), the so-called mega-regional trade agreements (such as the EU negotiations for a Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) agreement and a plurilateral Trade in Services Agreement), and the trade and investment policies of large emerging economies and other developing countries.

Under this umbrella, a number of research projects aim to investigate: ■■ The future of the multilateral trading system— analysis of trade and investment policies and trade agreements aiming to identify national interests and concerns about current international trade governance mechanisms, as part of an evolving network of policy

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research institutes based around the world (including the South African Institute for International Affairs; the Institute for Applied Economic Research (Brazil), and the Korea Institute for Economic Policy);

chains, trade facilitation, foreign direct investment, intellectual property protection, and other government policies, in a world characterised by extensive international specialisation and production networks; ■■ Transparency in government procurement—on poli■■ New approaches towards regulatory cooperation— cies that governments implement when engaging in pubon the design of new modalities of economic cooperalic purchasing and assessing their economic effects; and tion policies that generate trade and investment barriers for goods and services; ■■ Climate change policies and the WTO—on tradeenvironment linkages to identify whether and how Trade and development policies in a supply chain existing WTO disciplines impact on implementation world —in particular, looking at the design of policies of efficient climate change policies. to assist small firms integrate into international value

DIRECTORS

Bernard M. Hoekman is Professor at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. He has held senior positions at the World Bank, including Director of the International Trade Department and Research Manager of the Development Research Group. He has also worked as an economist in the GATT Secretariat and held visiting appointments at SciencesPo. He has published widely on trade policy and development, the global trading system, and trade in services. He is a graduate of the Erasmus University Rotterdam, holds a PhD in economics from the University of Michigan and is a Research Fellow of the Centre for Economic Policy Research.

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Petros C. Mavroidis holds the Chair in Global and Regional Economic Law of the Law Department of the European University Institute and the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. He is Edwin B. Parker Professor of Law at Columbia Law School in New York, on leave at the EUI. He was Chief-reporter at the American Law Institute project on ‘The Law and Economics of the WTO’. He has published in the law and economics of international trade organisation, and has been advising developing countries that litigate before the WTO since 1996. He is one of the two experts that the WTO has hired under Art. 27.2 DSU to provide legal advice and assist developing countries when acting as complainants or defendants before WTO Panels and the Appellate Body.

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EUROPE IN THE WORLD

The Europe in the World research area explicitly ties the study of Europe’s international relations and role in international and security affairs to the central changes and challenges in world politics today. Through its research, seminars, and scholarly publications, this research area seeks to integrate theoretical and conceptual insights from a wide range of perspectives in international relations, the social sciences, history, and international law, with politically relevant empirical analysis. The research area contributes to theoretical and political debates on European and international affairs, and the implications of a multi-centred, multi-actor world for emerging global dynamics. It engages with key areas of European affairs and addresses some of the big questions confronting Europe and the EU in the decades ahead.

■■ EU foreign, security, and defence policy, including questions of purpose and strategy; ■■ The rocky and still tenuous consolidation of the EU as a “high politics” actor in global affairs; ■■ Issues of coherence and cohesion vs. divisions and fragmentation in external engagement; ■■ Internal and external aspects of European security and defence; ■■ The foreign, security, and defence policies of individual European states or groups of states; ■■ The impact of major shifts and continuities in international affairs on Europe itself.

The animating vision of the research area is to bring together prominent and promising scholars and practitioners in the field, both from, within and outside the Central research themes of this research area include: EUI, and to support cutting-edge research, with the goal ■■ Europe’s role and place in the emergent world of 21st of generating widely-read publications in internationally century global politics; recognised journals and book presses.

■■ Europe’s foreign relations broadly, including the evolving relations of the EU with major and emerging pow- This new research area, created in the spring of 2014, will ers (including the U.S., China, Russia, India, Brazil), as launch its full range of activities during the 2014-2015 well as regional and global international organisations; academic year.

DIRECTOR Ulrich Krotz holds the Chair in International Relations of the Political Science Department of the European University Institute and the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. He is the author of Flying Tiger: International Relations Theory and the Politics of Advanced Weapons (Oxford University Press, 2011); Shaping Europe: France, Germany, and Embedded Bilateralism from the Elysée Treaty to Twenty-First Century Politics (with Joachim Schild) (Oxford University Press, 2013); and

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History and Foreign Policy in France and Germany (Palgrave Macmillan, forthcoming). His articles have appeared in World Politics, International Security, the European Journal of International Relations, International Affairs, European Security, Foreign Policy Analysis, and the Journal of Common Market Studies.

CULTURAL PLURALISM

The Cultural Pluralism research area develops policy-oriented research on two compelling challenges of the 21st century that must be addressed a t the European and global level The Governance of Cultural and Religious Diversity, and The Economics of Cultural Diversity.

Considering the normative challenges of living in open, yet cohesive and democratic, societies, how can different forms of pluralism be managed? How does the relationship between multiculturalism and equality evolve across different liberal and democratic contexts? What are the different paradigms of secularism professed in Europe, North America or Asia? How does cultural pluralism relate to national identity and cultural heritage?

In this context, the Cultural Pluralism research team explores the governance of diversity from three main perspectives: the sociological and institutional one, by focussing on existing institutions and practices that need to be further developed with the purpose of successfully managing cultural and religious plurality; the political perspective, by exploring the relationship between political ideology (the traditional left- and right-wing distinction), culture and religion. Finally, as governance of cultural and religious diversity cannot exist without appropriate legal frameworks, the legal per-

spective. The team evaluates the effectiveness of legal frameworks and seeks to analyse in a comparative manner how native vs. migration-related cultural and religious diversity is managed in different countries and continents.

Investigating the Economics of Cultural Diversity, the research team explores the relationship between cultural diversity, social solidarity and socio-economic development, aiming to address key questions, such as: ■■ Is cultural diversity bad for social solidarity? In times of crisis, when resources are scarce, what are the political and policy prerequisites for social solidarity in a culturally diverse society?

■■ Is cultural diversity a burden for society or is it an advantage that favours growth and human development?

In studying the economics of cultural diversity, research and policy advice focus on: Cultural Diversity for Growth, to analyse, in particular, the business case for diversity (cultural diversity as a positive factor in creativity, productivity and marketing); and Culture as a Lever of Growth and Development, to investigate cultural diversity, as expressed in the multi-faceted artistic and cultural landscape of diverse societies, as a lever for employment creation and innovation.

DIRECTOR Anna Triandafyllidou is Professor at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. Before joining the Global Governance Programme, she was part time professor at the Centre (2010-2012). During the past decade, she headed a highly successful migration research team as Senior Fellow at the Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP) in Athens (2004-2012). She has been Visiting Professor at the College of Europe in Bruges since 2002, and is the Editor-

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in-Chief of the Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies.

Professor Triandafyllidou has held teaching and research positions at the University of Surrey (UK) (1994-95), the London School of Economics (1995-97), the CNR in Rome (1997-99), the EUI (19992004) and the Democritus University of Thrace (2007-2010). She has received awards from the Fulbright Programme and the DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service).

GLOBALSTAT

The GlobalStat database aims to address the basic need for statistical data on developments in a globalised world, which are key to evidence-based analysis and informed decision-making in global governance. The database focuses on globalisation, sustainable development and human well-being, presenting country-level data on the economic and political foundation of global human interaction as well as on their key environmental, social and societal aspects. With this focus, GlobalStat follows a broad and informed approach to globalisation as well as its triggers, drivers and effects and provides detailed information on the way human beings live, what freedoms they enjoy and what limitations they face. As a freely accessible tool it offers citizens, academics, stakeholders and policy makers an excellent source of information to strengthen their knowledge base on the many aspects and multiple impacts of globalisation.

Data are grouped under 12 thematic and three horizontal areas most strongly exposed to the effects of globalisation.

Moreover, data on global trends are taken up in order to highlight potential future paths. The section on trends reflects the inter-generational component which a sustain-

able globalisation path has to pay tribute to in order to increase the sustainable quality of human lives. This section also offers interpretations of the data presented as to sustainable livelihood, national wealth, human well-being and quality of life.

Data presented in GlobalStat relate, whenever possible, to the period from the 1960s to today and include country level data for all 193 UN Member States. UN institutions and international bodies are the key statistical sources of the database. Among GlobalStat’s collaboration partners are Eurostat, the FAO, the Fund for Peace, the Legatum Institute, the ILO, the OECD, SSF, Transparency International, the UN and the World Bank.

Starting in 2011, an intense conceptualisation phase resulted in GlobalStat’s design and selection of indicators. Since 2012, a huge amount of data has been collected and processed. The GlobalStat website was designed during 2013.

GlobalStat (September 2011 – August 2015) is developed and co-financed by the Global Governance Programme and the Portuguese Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos. The research project involves a team of researchers from both partner institutions.

DIRECTOR Gaby Umbach is Director of “GlobalStat” and Co-Director of the “Global Governance by Indicators” research project. She holds a PhD in Political Science from the University of Cologne, where she was Senior Research Associate of the Jean Monnet Chair for Political Science and the Seminar for Social Policy from 2000 to 2014. In both positions, she analysed and taught European integration issues. From July 2015 she serves as Book Review Editor of the Journal of Common Market Studies (JCMS). Over the past 15 years, she has been en-

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gaged in over 15 international research projects. Her fields of expertise include European integration studies and theories; Europeanisation; multi-level and new modes of governance; policy co-ordination; environmental, employment and socio-economic policies; EU constitutionalisation and institutionalisation; EU enlargement; and curriculum development in EU studies. Her current academic work focuses on global governance; sustainable development; institutional crisis reactions and global governance by indicators.

RESEARCH PROJECTS

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE BY INDICATORS

This research project, co-directed by Professor Nehal Bhuta (EUI) and Dr Gaby Umbach, examines the development, application and impact of indicators, composite indicators and indices in global governance and global administrative law. It seeks to understand these differently institutionalised governance forms, and investigates questions of democracy and accountability that accompany their deployment in global governance and law.

It therefore focuses on the analysis of indicators as instruments of global governance that impact on actors’ behaviour in global governance contexts, potentially bypassing traditional, public authority-based forms of global governance and international law.

As instruments of global governance, indicators not only

quantify and simplify empirical phenomena to help understand complex realities and to quantify measures. They also help to measure and evaluate many aspects of global governance, be it state action, policy-specific developments or international institutions.

Composite indicators and indices are applied to describe and measure multidimensional concepts (such as sustainable development, governance, human well-being or competitiveness) as well as the performance of states, international or regional organisations and different domains of policy implementation. These measures are therefore often closely connected to policy judgements and prescriptions, and may become a means of benchmarking and standard-setting.

THE PROTECTION OF DEMOCRACY IN INTEGRATION ORGANISATIONS IN EUROPE AND LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN The respect for democracy and rule of law is among the conditions that integration organisations in Europe (EU) and Latin America and the Caribbean (MERCOSUR, UNASUR, SICA and CARICOM) require for the accession of new members. Increasingly, these organisations require also their current members to respect democracy.

Organisations enforce this requirement via the suspension of membership or suspension of membership rights.

In recent years, these provisions have been applied in several cases, but there has also been considerable debate about the need to make them more robust. This project, funded by the EU-LAC Foundation and directed by Pro-

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fessor Carlos Closa Montero, assesses comparatively the performance of integration organisations in implementing their democratic conditionality clauses: What are the existing institutional designs and what effects each can have? The answer to these questions will provide solid improvement proposals and alternatives in the form in which this democratic oversight function is exercised in both European and Latin America and the Caribbean organisations. The methodology combines legal and political science analysis of the cases in which these provisions have been applied and those in which, despite having been invoked, they have not been implemented.

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TRADE POLICY RESEARCH NETWORK

The Trade Policy Research Network (TPRN) conducts research on trade policy-related issues, including assessments of proposed trade negotiations and the effects of trade agreements, policy dimensions of supply chain trade, trade in services and foreign direct investment, and enforcement and dispute settlement. It aims to offer conceptually solid, theoretically well-grounded analysis that is directly relevant to informing the design of economic integration initiatives and managing the globalisation process. Co-directed by Professors Joe Francois (University of Bern) and Bernard M. Hoekman, the TPRN

engages CEPR research fellows and affiliates, as well as research associates, comprising leading practitioners and researchers at the forefront of trade policy analysis from around the world. One of the activities of the Network is the Trade Policy Modelling Forum, which brings together leading academic modellers and analysts from international organisations to improve model-based analysis of deep integration initiatives - such as the TTIP - by agreeing on common standards and benchmarks to assess the impact of regulatory policies and cooperation in this area.

E15 INITIATIVE TASK FORCE ON REGULATORY SYSTEMS COHERENCE The Task Force aims to examine the problems posed by differences in regulation and regulatory regimes across markets and consider alternative approaches that could be taken by governments and the business community to reduce the regulatory barriers to trade. Research and deliberations aim to assess how countries are pursuing regulatory cooperation in the context of bilateral, regional or multilateral initiatives, the state of play in the WTO, and more generally options for multilateral cooperation on regulation to enhance global welfare.

The Task Force aims to propose short, medium and long-term policy options, to be brought to the attention of a representative group of policy makers, business and civil society leaders at the 2016 WEF Annual Meeting in Davos. The EUI, with Professors Petros C. Mavroidis and Bernard M. Hoekman, is the knowledge partner of the Task Force, which is part of the broader E15Initiative of the International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development and the World Economic Forum.

RESTORING MULTILATERAL TRADE COOPERATION Twenty years after the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the institution continues to struggle with concluding the Doha round of negotiations. Major WTO members, including the EU and the US are focused on the negotiation of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) like the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). This project, coordinated by the South African Institute for International Affairs, brings together a number of policy research institutes and think tanks in emerging economies, to search for new ideas that can

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assist in revitalising multilateral trade cooperation. The Global Governance Programme, with Professor Bernard M. Hoekman, is one of the partners of this World Bankfunded project. A series of expert roundtables has been - and will be - convened in major emerging economies, which have already produced a number of publications that have been discussed with policy-makers in capitals and in Geneva. A final synthesis report with recommendations will be prepared in time for the 2015 WTO Ministerial Conference.

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ITHACA

INTEGRATION, TRANSNATIONAL MOBILITY AND HUMAN, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CAPITAL TRANSFERS This project studies the links between integration of migrants and their transnational mobility.

Over the past couple of decades, rich empirical research in the field of transnational migration studies has highlighted that migrants engage in transnational mobility for an array of reasons, ranging from economic to emotional or political ties with their country of origin.

Through a comparative study, extensive fieldwork and a survey, it aims to: ■■ Map transnational mobility flows in four migration systems (North Africa-EU; Western Balkans-EU; Eastern Europe-EU; and South Asia-EU); ■■ Assess the human, social and economic capital transfers generated by mobility flows; ■■ Identify the integration policies and mobility frameITHACA aims to answer three key questions: work conditions that foster transnational mobility ■■ To what extent, and in what ways, do integration conand human, social, and economic capital transfers; ditions in the country of destination encourage trans- ■■ Draw policy-relevant recommendations for the design national mobility? of policies and mobility frameworks at the EU level.

■■ What are the conditions in the country of origin that may encourage transnational mobility?

The European University Institute, with Professor Anna ■■ What type of transfers take place through the transna- Triandafyllidou, coordinates a research consortium tional mobility of migrants? with participation by the Real Instituto Elcano, London Metropolitan University, and the International Centre The project, launched in 2013, focuses on economic for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD) in Vienna. integration and mobility conditions as factors that en- ITHACA is funded by DG Home of the European Comcourage or prevent transnational mobility. mission (2013-2015).

DEMANDAT

ADDRESSING DEMAND IN ANTI-TRAFFICKING EFFORTS AND POLICIES DemandAT examines the history, economics and politics of anti-trafficking measures, and explores how effective they have been in practice. By delivering theoretical and empirical background knowledge the project aims at feeding EU and national policy-making to ultimately eliminate or at least reduce suffering from the worst forms of exploitation. Trafficking in human beings covers a range of forms of forced labour and exploitation of women, men and children. While responses to trafficking have traditionally focused on combating the criminal networks involved in trafficking or protecting the human rights of victims, European countries are increasingly exploring ways of influencing demand for the services or products of those trafficked within their own economies and societies – for example, through criminalising clients, better control of recruitment agencies, or fair trade campaigns.

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The project, coordinated by the International Centre for Migration Policy Development, investigates demand in Trafficking of Human Beings (THB) and related policies from a multi- and interdisciplinary perspective across a wide range of fields – migration, development or labour studies.

It combines a broad mapping of conceptual and theoretical issues, and evidence in specific ‘fields’ with empirical indepth analysis of case studies of demand in THB and related policies. Based on research in seven different countries – Belgium, the UK, France, Greece, Italy, Cyprus and the Netherlands – the Global Governance Programme research team, led by Professor Anna Triandafyllidou, examines demand for trafficking in human beings in the domestic work sector, the motivations and the profits behind it, and the circumstances that allow it to take place. DemandAT is funded by the 7th Framework Programme of the EU (2014-2017).

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CULTURAL BASE: SOCIAL PLATFORM ON CULTURAL HERITAGE AND EUROPEAN IDENTITIES The Cultural Base research project responds to the need of putting culture governance centre-stage when studying Europe’s future. Acknowledging that the main societal challenges of our time are cultural in nature (such as racism, extremism, and even climate change and our use of natural resources), the project emphasises that their solutions are also cultural (in terms of finding a common ground of mutual tolerance and respect or developing sustainable lifestyles). Cultural Base brings together a diverse range of stakeholders (intellectuals, researchers, local and regional authorities, civil society, artists and culture practitioners) to discuss the main challenges and issues that need to be addressed by research and policy initiatives in the cultural domain. The project critically reviews the state of knowledge in the field, the existing

policy programmes, and through stakeholder consultation contributes to the production of new policy agendas in the field of cultural heritage and European identity.

The Cultural Base project creates an interactive digital platform for such consultations, alongside research reports and actual meetings with stakeholders.

This three-year research project (2015-2017) is funded by the Horizon 2020 research and innovation framework programme of the European Union. The EUI, with Professor Anna Triandafyllidou, is one of the partner institutions (Central European University, Interarts Foundation for International Cultural Cooperation, University of Glasgow, Université Paris I Pantheon Sorbonne, University of Sussex), coordinated by Professor Arturo Rodriguez Moratò of the University of Barcelona.

TRAFFICKING FOR LABOUR EXPLOITATION: ASSESSING ANTI-TRAFFICKING INTERVENTIONS IN ITALY (TRAFFICKO) The research project aims to critically assess current responses to trafficking for labour exploitation in Italy, and propose alternative frameworks to develop more effective strategies with regard to prevention, and protection of victims. It will provide tools and suggestions to improve the implementation of existing legislation, and advocate for more effective measures. The project focuses on trafficking of adults (men and women) for labour exploitation in the agriculture sector in Sicily, and in the domestic work sector in Tuscany. Bringing together legal studies, migration studies, sociology, and gender studies, and engaging in fieldwork-based research, the project aims to: 1) map the ways in which migration regulation produces vulnerability that exposes migrant

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workers to the risks of trafficking; 2) deliver a comprehensive analysis of the impact of anti-trafficking interventions in Italy with regard to identification, assistance and protection of victims, and preventive measures; 3) offer relevant policy advice by helping clarify three crucial and highly contested concepts - abuse of a position of vulnerability, consent, and exploitation; 4) propose amendments to the policy implementation framework; 5) produce a Practical Guide for legal practitioners and policy makers to improve prevention strategies and protection of victims.

Professor Anna Triandafyllidou (EUI) coordinates the project funded by the Open Society Fund to Counter Xenophobia.

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RESEARCH ASSOCIATES RESEARCH AREAS AND PROJECTS

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Danai Angeli is a Research Associate (national expert for Cyprus and Greece) in the DemandAT project - Domestic Work Case Study. She is a lawyer and a PhD candidate at the European University Institute in Florence. Her research interests lie in the area of migration, disabilities and positive obligations under international human rights law. She has significant litigation experience in the field of migration and asylum and has provided legal representation in several cases before the European Court of Human Rights. She also acted as a chair of the Appeal Committees in the Greek asylum service. As a research fellow of the Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy she recently completed the MIDAS project, about the cost-effectiveness of irregular migration control practices in Greece. She is a member of the Athens Bar Association.

Laura Bartolini holds a MSc in Development Economics from the University of Florence and a Master in Public Policy and Social Change from the Collegio Carlo Alberto in Turin (Italy).

She has worked for various NGOs and consultancies on development and migration issues in Italy and Spain, developing a sound knowledge of migration policies and integration, public policy issues in times of crisis and quantitative data analysis. She joined the GGP as a Research Associate for GlobalStat in December 2011 and for the ITHACA project in June 2014. She also collaborates with FIERI on a World Bank’s research project on migrants’ remittance trends and financial integration and is an author at Quattrogatti.info.

Davide Calenda obtained his PhD in Political Sciences (Doctoral programme: Information Society) from the University of Florence (2003) where he then held a five-year position as Research Fellow. From 2011 to 2014 he carried out research at the Return migration and Development Platform of the EUI and conducted studies for the ILO in Asia and the Pacific on the international mobility of health professionals. Currently he is Research Associate at the Cultural Pluralism Research Area. He conducts a study on the economics of cultural diversity by looking at the case of health organisations in Europe that recruit doctors and nurses internationally.

Within Cultural Pluralism, he also contributes to the research dissemination activities of the DemandAT project.

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RESEARCH ASSOCIATE

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Beatriz Camargo is a Research Associate (national expert for Belgium) in the DemandAT project - Domestic Work Case Study. She is a PhD candidate at the Group for Research on Ethnic Relations, Migration and Equality – GERME, at the Institute of Sociology of the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium. Her doctoral thesis focuses on the formalisation of domestic work in Belgium. Her main areas of interest are migration policy and trends, especially concerning Latin-American migration, gender and labour issues. Prior to joining GERME, she obtained a European Masters Degree on Humanitarian Action (NOHA) from the Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL)/ Université Aix-Marseille III and, more recently, a Complementary Masters on Human Rights from Université Saint-Louis, Belgium. She also holds a journalism degree from the University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil.

Eefje de Volder is a Research Associate (national expert for the Netherlands) in the DemandAT project - Domestic Work Case Study. She is a PhD Researcher at the Department of European and International Public Law of Tilburg University and has an educational background both in cultural anthropology and in law. She has worked extensively with Conny Rijken, who is an internationally renowned scholar in the field of human trafficking. Together they published successfully on the role of the EU in relation to trafficking. In addition, she has assisted Conny Rijken in a 16-month project commissioned by the EU Commission on ‘Facilitating Corporate Social Responsibility to Prevent Trafficking in Human Beings’. Further, together with Conny Rijken and Stefanie Jansen-Wilhelm, she has conducted an independent evaluation of the first evaluation round of GRETA (Council of Europe).

Danilo Di Mauro is a Research Associate in the Europe in the World Research Area. He holds a PhD in Political Science. He was Post-Doctoral fellow at the University of Siena and Marie Curie Research Fellow at the European University Institute, working in international projects financed by the 7th Framework Programme. His work covers different research interests from International Relations to European and Democracy Studies. His manuscripts appeared in peer-review journals and several book chapters. He was co-editor of two special issues published respectively by the European Integration Online Papers (EIoP) and Perspectives on European Politics and Society (PEPS). Danilo Di Mauro is also the author of the monograph The UN and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: American Hegemony and UN Intervention since 1947, published by Routledge.

Caterina Francesca Guidi holds a MSc in Development Economics from the University of Florence, a BSc degree in Law and Economics from the University of Bologna and is currently enrolled as PhD Researcher in the International Doctoral Programme of Economics at S.S. Santa Chiara – University of Siena. Prior to joining the GGP in February 2013 as Research Associate for GlobalStat, she worked for the Migration Policy Centre at RSCAS as an external collaborator and in the European Commission at DG SANCO as a blue-book stagiaire. She has also worked in several International Organizations and NGOs in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Italy and Serbia on development and human rights, dealing mainly with health and migration issues.

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RESEARCH ASSOCIATE

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Matteo Fiorini is Research Associate in the Global Economics - Trade, Investment and Development Research Area. He works as an economist on services trade and trade policy. He is in the final stage of his PhD in Economics at the European University Institute. He holds a Master of Research in Economics from the EUI and a Master of Science in Economics and Social Sciences from Bocconi University. He has held various short term positions as research assistant for the Migration Policy Centre (EUI), as intern in the Economic Research and Statistics Division of the WTO, and as research assistant at Bocconi University.

Irina Isaakyan is a Research Associate in the Cultural Pluralism Research Area. She recently completed her Marie Curie Intra-EU Fellowship awarded for the project FEMIDE /Female Migration from Developed Countries in Southern Europe. She obtained her PhD from the University of Edinburgh and holds an MA from the University of Minnesota. After completing her PhD, she received a ESRC Post-Doctoral Fellowship (2008-2009) to examine European integration and new researchers’ mobility in Scotland. In 2010, she researched the issues of integration and civic engagement of US-national academics in the UK. Before joining the EUI she was reader at the Ryazan State Radio-Engineering University in Russia (2011-2012) and Research Fellow at the University of Edinburgh (2008-2010). Her research interests include: nationalism and diaspora studies; immigrants’ identities and social remittances; and interpretive sociology.

Florence Lévy is a Research Associate (national expert for France) in the DemandAT project - Domestic Work Case Study. She is about to complete her PhD in sociology at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS, Paris, France) and at the Neuchatel University (Switzerland). She analyses the gender dimensions of contemporary Northern Chinese migration to France and the transnational dynamics of its social networks. She tries to understand how migrants experience and give sense to the constant change of their migratory projects.

Florence Lévy has worked as researcher in many research projects focusing on gender and migration, irregular migration, Chinese migration, and family migration.

Debora Valentina Malito holds a PhD in Political Studies (2013) from the Graduate School in Political and Social Science and a MSc in International Relations (2007), both from the University of Milan. Her doctoral dissertation analyses the impact of regional and global intervention on the persistence of state disintegration in Somalia. Between 2008 and 2010 she was Research Assistant in Political Economy and Economic theories of globalisation at the Faculty of Economics, University of Brescia. She joined the GGP as Research Associate for the Global Governance by Indicators Research Project in February 2013.

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RESEARCH ASSOCIATE

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Luca Mancini is a Research Associate for GlobalStat. He holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Warwick, with a thesis on higher education and the labour market for university graduates.

Between 2004 and 2007 he was research officer in applied econometrics at the Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity (CRISE), Department of International Development, University of Oxford, and continued to collaborate with CRISE on inequality-related research until 2009. In 2010 he joined the EUI as research assistant to the 2010 European Report on Development dealing with issues of poverty, inequality and social protection, with a focus on Sub-Saharan Africa.

Later he joined the Italian National Statistical Institute where he has been working since in the capacity of researcher on methodological issues relating to the engineering and quality assessment of population censuses.

Thanos Maroukis is a Research Associate (national expert for the United Kingdom) in the DemandAT project - Domestic Work Case Study. He is a Research Fellow at the Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, UK. He has recently concluded a Marie Curie Research Fellowship on migration and temporary agency work in the EU. He has worked as a national expert and research coordinator in various interdisciplinary and large collaborative research projects on migration funded by DG Research of the European Commission, the Fundamental Rights Agency, and the European Fund for the Integration of Third Country Nationals. Dr Maroukis principal areas of research are economic sociology and the sociology of work, sociology of migration and migration policy (with a particular focus on migrant smuggling and human trafficking), critical political economy and social policy.

Stefano Palestini Céspedes is a sociologist from the University Alberto Hurtado in Santiago de Chile and a PhD Candidate in Political and Social Sciences at the European University Institute. When working at the United Nations Development Programme in Santiago de Chile, he co-authored the Human Development Reports in Chile 2009 and 2010. He has also worked as a lecturer of Economic Sociology and Sociology of Globalization at the University of Chile, the University Alberto Hurtado, and the University Diego Portales. He joined the GGP as a Research Associate in the EU-LAC Foundation project “The Protection of Democracy in Integration Organisations in Europe and Latina America and the Caribbean” the purpose of which is to assess the achievements and limitations of democratic governance mechanisms in ten regional organisations regarding their institutional design, implementation, and effects on the member states.

Letizia Palumbo is a Research Associate (national expert for Italy) in the DemandAT project Domestic Work Case Study. She is also a Post-Doctoral Researcher in Comparative Law at the University of Palermo, Italy. Her research interests include human trafficking, gender and migration, labour exploitation and human rights. At present, she is conducting research on trafficking for labour exploitation in the EU, in particular in Italy ( TRAFFICKO – Trafficking for Labour Exploitation: Assessing Anti-Trafficking Interventions in Italy) and the UK. She has been a visiting fellow in a number of international universities, including the Columbia Law School, New York; the Fordham Law School, New York; and the Birkbeck School of Law, London. She also serves as a trainer on trafficking issues.

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THE GLOBAL GOVERNANCE PROGRAMME

RESEARCH ASSOCIATE

Alexandra Ricard-Guay is Research Associate at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. She is the main researcher for the DemandAT project - Domestic Work Case Study, conducted in seven European countries. She has coordinated and worked as researcher in many projects (international and national), in the areas of human trafficking, gender-based violence, and (irregular) migration. Prior to joining the EUI, she was coordinator of a national antitrafficking coalition (Quebec), and she has worked for more than five years in anti-trafficking research and coordination of assistance. She previously worked as programme officer in international development in the area of human rights. She is currently completing her PhD in Social Work at McGill University.

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Luca Rubini is a Research Associate in the Global Economics - Trade, Investment and Development Research Area. He is reader (associate professor) in international economic law and deputy director of the Institute of European Law at Birmingham Law School. He served as référendaire (law clerk) with Advocate General Jacobs at the European Court of Justice. He has held visiting positions at the European University Institute (Florence), the Institute of International Economic Law (Georgetown), the World Trade Institute (University of Berne) and Bocconi University, Milan. He is a fellow of the Centre of European Law, King’s College London, and visiting professor at ASERI (Catholic University, Milan). Dr Rubini has law degrees from the Catholic University, Milan (JD) and King’s College London (MA, PhD)

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Katerina Wright joined the Global Governance Programme Research Area Europe in the World in May 2014. She holds a bachelor’s degree in International Relations (2011) from Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. Between 2011 and 2013, she worked for Avascent, an international research and consulting firm based in Washington, DC, where she executed analyses on American, European, and other global defence and public sector markets. As a consultant, she helped launch Avascent’s European office in Paris from 2013-2014, where she specialised in the fields of European, NATO, and national level defence. Her research interests include EU foreign policy, the EU Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), and transatlantic relations.

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A VIBRANT RESEARCH COMMUNITY

"My GGP fellowship was invaluable. I had freedom to advance my research, and I also made good connections with scholars that will lead to future collaborations. My mentor was very supportive, as were the other Fellows. I hope to continue to be a part of the fabulous EUI community."

Distinguished scholars and promising young academics are a vital source of stimulus for the advancement of re- Mary Anne Madeira search at the Global Governance Programme and of in- Queens College spiration for the debate on global governance issues that The City University of New York are topical, beyond academia and European boundaries.

Daniel Innerarity (University of the Basque Country and Instituto de Gobernanza Democrática) for democracy, Keith Maskus (University of Colorado) and Donald Regan (University of Michigan), for global economics, Will Kymlicka and Keith Banting (Queen’s University, Ontario), Tariq Modood (University of Bristol) and Bhikhu Parekh (University of Westminster), for democracy and diversity, are just some of the distinguished scholars who have enriched the lively research community of the Global Governance Programme over the past years with their ideas, insights and scholarship.

"Being part of the GGP added an interdisciplinary dimension to my Jean Monnet Fellowship. Participating in the GGP seminar series and discussing with colleagues from other disciplines was both helpful for my own research and Our research community is the vital capital of the Globenjoyable." al Governance Programme, for the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, and for the EUI. For this Aleksandar Zaklan reason the relationship with our scholars and fellows German Institute for Economic Research remains vivid and vibrant over time, with strong ties to (DIW Berlin) research development through projects and continuous collaboration.

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THE GLOBAL GOVERNANCE PROGRAMME

JEAN MONNET FELLOWS

FABRIZIO COTICCHIA

Fabrizio Coticchia obtained his PhD in Political Systems and Institutional Change from the IMT – Lucca Institute for Advanced Studies.

Since 2004 he has evaluated for the Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna projects and programmes of decentralised and international cooperation in the fields of emergency, reconstruction and development, peace, disability, health. He undertook several field missions in Middle East, Africa, and Eastern Europe. He has been research fellow in international relations at the Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna (2009-2014).

His fields of research are contemporary warfare, strategic culture, public opinion and military operations, Italian and European defence policy, development cooperation. He holds postgraduate courses on geopolitics, theories of international relations and security studies. He provides pre-deployment courses and seminars for Italian troops.

His articles have appeared, among others, in European Security, Small Wars and Insurgencies, Foreign Policy Analysis, Afriche e Orienti, Contemporary Italian Politics, The International Spectator, Quaderni di Scienza Politica. Among his books: Italian Military Operations Abroad: Just Don’t Call it War, with P. Ignazi and G. Giacomello (Palgrave 2012); La guerra che non c’era. Opinione pubblica e interventi militari italiani (Egea 2014) and Adapt, Improvise, Overcome?

The Transformation of Italian Armed Forces in Comparative Perspective, with F.N. Moro (Ashgate forthcoming).

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Research Project: European Military Transformation in Comparative Perspective The project aims to analyse the evolution of European armed forces in comparative perspective. European forces underwent deep changes in the past two decades.

Given the breadth of the debate and the size of transformations that took place, it is surprising that relatively few academic studies have directly dealt with changes in force structure of European militaries, and the Italian armed forces in particular. The focus of this research is the organisational dimension of the restructuring of European armed forces through three different lenses: doctrine and strategic framework, budget and resource allocation, and force structure and deployment (ISAF operation in Afghanistan, 2001-2014). The key issues addressed relate to how these factors interact in shaping transformation.

Of particular interest is the theme of learning, which is how armed forces endogenise change in the short and long run. The research project examines the evolution of armed forces occurred in four European countries: Italy, Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands. Empirically, the analysis is supported by an extensive use of primary sources, collecting data through interviews with experts, political leaders and military officers.​

SANDRA DESTRADI

Sandra Destradi obtained her PhD in Political Science from the University of Hamburg. She is a Senior Research Fellow at the GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies / Institute of Asian Studies (on leave 2014-15).

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Her research interests include the role of rising powers in international politics; regional powers and regional security governance; third-party intervention and mediation in intra-state conflicts; and India’s foreign and security policy as well as international relations in South Asia.

She is the author of Indian Foreign and Security Policy in South Asia: Regional Power Strategies (Routledge 2012).

Her work has appeared in Review of International Studies, Democratization, Asian Survey, Civil Wars, Journal of Policy Modeling and other academic journals as well as in more policy-oriented journals such as The Washington Quarterly.

Research Project: Reluctant Hegemons: Explaining India’s and Germany’s Approaches to Regional Governance The project asks why potential regional leaders are often reluctant in their regional policies and what the consequences of their reluctance are for regional governance.

To this end, the project compares India and Germany, which have unequivocally emerged as the regional powers in South Asia and Europe, respectively. Despite radically diverging context conditions – with Europe being the most integrated and South Asia the arguably least integrated region in the world – these two countries have displayed a strikingly similar reluctance to make use of their predominance in terms of power capabilities to emerge as leading actors within their regions and to shape regional governance mechanisms. The project focuses on the conceptualisation of reluctance and links it with theoretical discussions on leadership and hegemony in International Relations. It aims to develop a range of hypotheses on the causes for reluctance and test them for selected cases in India’s and Germanys’ foreign and security policies. Finally, it aims to discuss the impact of reluctance on regional governance in differently institutionalised regional settings.

MASHA HEDBERG

Masha Hedberg received her PhD from the Department of Government, Harvard University.

Prior to joining the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced

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Studies, she was a Visiting Assistant Professor at Dartmouth College and an Adjunct Professor at the School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) at the Johns Hopkins University.

Her research interests include comparative politics; comparative political economy; Russia, the former Soviet Union, Eastern & Central Europe; post-communist business-state relations; corruption; comparative public administration & regulatory reform; and new modes of governance in emerging economies. She has taught courses on Political Corruption (Harvard University), Business & Politics in Resource-Rich States (Dartmouth College), Contemporary Russian Politics & Political Economy of Eastern & Central Europe (Johns Hopkins University, SAIS).

Current publications and works-in-progress include articles on industry self-regulation in the Russian construction sector, the geo-politics of energy investment in the Commonwealth of Independent States, and Russia’s trade wars in comparative perspective.

Research Project: State Authority or Self-Reliance: Explaining New Modes of Governance in Post-Communist Countries The research project seeks to explain the advent of industry self-regulation in post-Soviet countries where the regulatory capacity of the state remains weak and where the enforcement of regulation is frequently undermined by rampant corruption within the public sector. Specifically, the project analyses i) the circumstances that prompt governments to encourage, and even foster, the establishment of industry self-regulation, ii) the private sector’s perception of, and response to, calls for self-governance, and iii) the effectiveness and durability of new governance arrangements once these are established.

The focus on the development of industry self-regulation underpins a much broader question about the conditions that lead to the emergence of new forms of governance and institutions that redefine the relationship between private and public actors. Why do either private or public actors seek to change the status quo? How does the ex ante distribution of power between the state and the private sector affect the emergence of new institutional arrangements? Whose interests are represented in, and are served by, new governance forms? The research also addresses essential questions about the role of the state in structuring markets through regulation.

THE GLOBAL GOVERNANCE PROGRAMME

SABRINA MARCHETTI

Sabrina Marchetti was awarded a second year Jean Monnet Fellowship. Previously she was awarded the Marie Curie fellowship (2011-August 2013) for the project “Circular Care”. She obtained her PhD in Gender & Ethnicity at Utrecht University in the Netherlands after having graduated in moral philosophy at the University of Rome La Sapienza.

She was post-doc visiting fellow at the Gexcel-Centre for Gendering Excellence of Linköping University in Sweden and at the Sociology Department of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. She was research fellow at the International Centre for Development and Decent Work of Kassel University in Germany.

She is specialised in issues of gender, labour and migration, with a focus on the issue of paid domestic and care work. From a comparative perspective, she has studied the case of Filipino, Eritrean, Afro-Surinamese and Eastern European women working in Italy and the Netherlands.

She is one of the coordinators of the EUI based Gender, Race & Sexuality Working Group.

Research Project: The New Global Governance of Paid Domestic Work The poor conditions and the discrimination paid domestic workers face in different parts of the world have come to be seen as a global governance problem, going beyond national borders. From this perspective the project examines the tension between local and global dimensions in governance, as well as analyses, empirically, the interplay between different actors in this process.

However, the study of the global governance of paid domestic work poses some questions also from the social and cultural point of view, given the specificity of national contexts. This diversity is paralleled by a difference in the social groups that perform it: undocumented migrants, low-caste women, or black and indigenous women, depending on the context. From this perspective, this project explores how cultural specificities are accounted for, as well as the strengths and pitfalls of the new global governance of paid domestic work as it has unfolded so far, and foresees some suitable developments.

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TIMEA PAL

Timea Pal was awarded a second year Jean Monnet Fellowship. She is also part of the Climate Policy Research Unit (CPRU), a research group at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (RSCAS) under the Loyola de Palacio Chair. Dr Pal is a political economist working on the governance of global production chains, and on its implications on sustainable economic development in emerging economies. Using an international and comparative political economy framework, her doctoral thesis examined the institutional conditions that facilitate or hinder improvements in working conditions in the electronics industry through complementary interactions across national public and transnational private governance approaches. This work was based on more than four years of field research in Eastern Central Europe where she conducted extensive interviews and visited several electronics manufacturing plants that supply lead corporations from more advanced economies. Prior to receiving her PhD from MIT in 2013, she earned a Master’s degree in Applied Sociology from the University of Massachusetts and a Bachelor’s degree in Business Economics from the West University of Timisoara.

Research project: Global Governance of Labor and Environment: Understanding Public – Private Regulatory Complementarities The research project aims to analyse the implementation of corporate environmental governance efforts in the electronics industry, and its complementary interactions with public regulation in different national settings.

Dr Pal uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods and analysis to improve the understanding of the conditions that enable complementary interactions across private and public governance approaches in global production chains, The quantitative analysis draws on a unique dataset compiled through a collaborative research initiative between a lead corporation in the electronics industry (Hewlett Packard) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, led by Professor Richard Locke. This is complemented with extensive case study analysis of environmental practices and compliance performance of electronics manufacturing facili-

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ties located in Eastern European countries – particularly in Hungary, Romania and the Czech Republic. Special attention is given also to the role of regulatory framework of the European Union that pertains to environmental practices in the electronics industry.

PHILIP SCHLEIFER

Philip Schleifer holds a PhD in International Relations from the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), where he was also associated with the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment and with the Centre for the Analysis of Risk and Regulation. He was a visiting fellow in political science at Duke University (2012). His areas of expertise are in international political economy and global environmental politics. In particular, he is interested in private sustainability governance (corporate social responsibility, civil society-private sector partnerships). In his doctoral thesis, he analysed and compared the diffusion and design of voluntary standard systems in the soy, sugarcane, and biofuel industries. His work has been published in high impact journals, including Regulation & Governance and International Studies Review, and he is a co-author of the GLOBE International Climate Legislation Study, the most comprehensive audit of climate change legislation across 66 countries.

At LSE, he has taught courses in international political economy and environmental politics. For the last four years, he has worked as a class teacher at LSE’s annual summer school and taught in the BSc International Relations. He also served as a graduate teaching assistant at the London module (business in the global economy) of TRIUM Global Executive MBA, a programme jointly offered by LSE, NYU Stern School of Business and HEC Paris.

He holds a bachelor’s degree in political science from University Bremen and a master’s degree in international relations from Free University Berlin. His nonacademic work experiences include the International Labour Organization (Carlo Schmid Fellow), the German Foreign Ministry and the Foundation pour la Recherche Stratégique.

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Research Project: Private Governance and Global Agriculture How does the rise of emerging markets affect the ability of nonstate certification programs to govern? In the past, most trade in agricultural commodities occurred between developed and developing countries, but in recent years the volume of south-south trade has increased significantly. The booming demand from emerging markets for food, feed, and fiber is now a key driver behind agricultural expansion, causing largescale deforestation and biodiversity loss in the tropics.

Examining the case of palm oil, the project argues that existing private governance institutions are not well equipped to deal with this crisis. They continue to operate on the basis of a north-south trade model, trying to leverage the market power of big brand companies in order to achieve their sustainability goals. However, the effectiveness of this mechanism is increasingly undermined by the rise of south-south trade and the different structure and institutional context of emerging market supply chains.

GERALDO VIDIGAL

Geraldo Vidigal obtained his PhD from the University of Cambridge with a dissertation on judicial remedies for non-compliance in international law. He holds a Bachelor in Law degree from the University of São Paulo and a Master's degree in International Law (with High Honours) from the Sorbonne Law School (Paris 1). His research focuses on international dispute settlement and the role of international courts and tribunals within international legal regimes.

Prior to joining the EUI, he was a Marie Curie Fellow at Bocconi University, Milan, under the DISSETTLE Programme on the Law and Economics of Dispute Settlement in International Trade, and a Visiting Scholar at the World Trade Organization’s Economic Research and Statistics Division. He has recently published in the European Journal of International Law, Journal of International Economic Law, Italian Yearbook of International Law, and Cambridge Journal of International and Comparative Law.

THE GLOBAL GOVERNANCE PROGRAMME

Research Project: Remedies and Compliance in International Economic Governance This project addresses the responses available to international adjudicators in case states fail to perform their obligations. It aims at understanding the role of international adjudicatory bodies in the process of inducing compliance by states with international legal rules, and the impact of legal design and judicial responses to breach on the overall legal regime.

The project examines in particular the relationship between two different ideal-types of judicial remedies. Prospective remedies aim at ensuring that violators cease their unlawful conduct and resume performance of their obligations. Through retrospective remedies, courts and tribunals determine the reparation that a wrongdoer must provide to parties injured by a breach.

International economic law has traditionally applied the two remedies as alternatives, with a quasi-exclusivity of prospective remedies in trade law and a strong emphasis on retrospective remedies in investment law. However, it is doubtful whether prospective remedies are always adequate for trade disputes, or retrospective one for investment disputes. The project discusses the potential for courts and tribunals to employ each type of remedy, and the implications for the ensuing legal regime of emphasising one or the other type of remedy.

the EEAS”, “Ten Years of China’s EU Law Studies”, “The New Development of EU Private International Law: Expansion of EU’s Competence and Its Europeanisation”.

Since 2010 he has reported EU’s legal development in Annual Development Report of Europe (Ouzhou Lanpishu, Peking: Social Science Academic Press). He wrote the book: “2005 Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreement from a Chinese Perspective” (China Social Sciences Press, 2013). He translated Prof. Francis Snyder’s The European Union and China, 1949-2008: Basic Documents and Commentary into Chinese with his colleagues (Beijing: Social Science Academic Press, 2013).

He also translated the Fiscal Compact into Chinese (ZHOU Hong and SHEN Yannan (eds.), Annual Development Report of Europe, Vol. 15 (2011-2012), Beijing: Social Science Academic Press, 2012).

Research Project: EU-China FTA: A New and Stable Basis to Manage and Improve EU-China Trade Relations?

The project aims to explore the possibility and feasibility of an EU-China Free Trade Agreement mostly from a legal perspective. At the 2012 EU-China summit, the leaders of EU and China declared they would consider a bilateral free trade agreement. The project proposes that the EU-China FTA should constitute a new and stable basis to manage and improve EU-China trade relations.

The focus of the research is the EU’s new FTA strategy and its potential impact on the EU-China trade relaBIN tions. According to the EU trade policy papers in 2006 YE and 2010, the European Union is promoting actively the new generation of FTA under the context of the changing world. The project also concentrates on the development of EU’s new FTAs, including the concluded agreeBin Ye obtained his PhD in International Law from the ments with South Korea, Singapore and Canada, and the Wuhan University, China. He has been a visiting student ongoing negotiations of TTIP with USA, EU-Japan FTA at the University of Paris II (2007-2008). and EU-India FTA. In 2009 he entered the Institute of European Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Science (CASS), where he was appointed Deputy Director of Law Division in 2013.

He conducts research on EU external relations law, EUChina relations and international law.

His articles have appeared, among others, on “EU’s Trade Agreement Policy in Legal Perspective”, “EU-US Bilateral Agreements and Sino-EU Bilateral Agreements”, “Legal Developments in EU Economic Governance and Fiscal Integration in the Context of the European Debt Crisis”, “The Legal Status and Institutional Structure of

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RESEARCH FELLOWS

RUBY GROPAS

Ruby Gropas is Research Fellow in the Cultural Pluralism Research Area of the Global Governance Programme. She is Visiting Professor at the College of Europe (Bruges) and holds a Lectureship in International Relations at the Law Faculty of the Democritus University of Thrace (currently on leave of absence).

She is Book Review Editor for the Journal of Common Market Studies (with Gaby Umbach). She has worked at the Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP); for McKinsey & Co. in Zurich and Athens; and was Managing Editor of the Journal of Southeast European and Black Sea Studies (2005-2009). Ruby was Southeast Europe Policy Scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington DC in 2007 and again in 2009, then Visiting Fellow with the Center for Democracy Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL) at Stanford University (2010-2011). She has worked on European integration and foreign policy, human rights, migration and multiculturalism and is currently working on European emigration in times of crisis and transnational migration patterns. She studied Political Science at the UniversitĂŠ Libre de Bruxelles, Business Management at the University of Maryland then pursued her graduate studies in European Studies at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. She holds a PhD from Cambridge University. Publications include European Migration: A Sourcebook (co-edited with A. Triandafyllidou; Ashgate 2014); The Greek Crisis and European Modernity (co-edited with A. Triandafyllidou and H. Kouki, Palgrave 2013/ Ekdoseis Kritiki 2013).

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Research project: ITHACA (Integration, Transnational Mobility and Human, Social and Economic Capital Transfers) Dr Gropas is a member of the team that is coordinating ITHACA (Integration, Transnational Mobility and Human, Social and Economic Capital Transfers), a collaborative research project that studies the links between migrant integration and transnational mobility.

ITHACA studies the transnational mobility and transfers of Moroccan, Bosnian, Ukrainian, Indian and Filipino populations to Italy, Spain, Austria and the UK. The project is coordinated by Professor Anna Triandafyllidou, Director of the Cultural Pluralism Research Area of the Global Governance Programme, and includes partners from the Real Elcano Institute in Madrid, London Metropolitan University and ICMPD in Vienna. It is funded

by DG Home of the European Commission (2013-2015)

THE GLOBAL GOVERNANCE PROGRAMME

RICHARD MAHER

Richard Maher is a Research Fellow in the Europe in the World research area of the Global Governance Programme at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. He received a PhD in Political Science from Brown University, an MSc in Political Theory from the London School of Economics, and a BA in Political Science from the University of Michigan. Previously he taught at Wheaton College and the University of Rhode Island and was a Max Weber postdoctoral fellow at the EUI. His main research areas include international security, the history and theory of European integration, and Europe’s external relations. His research has appeared in International Security, Orbis, and World Politics. In addition to completing his book manuscript on Europe’s role in contemporary world politics, he helps organise the “Europe in the World” Research Seminar Series and Executive Training Seminars.

Research Project: Does Europe Need a Foreign Policy?

Dr Maher’s book manuscript explores Europe’s uneven progress toward developing a more coherent and effective foreign and security policy. Europe’s ambition to achieve closer cooperation in these policy areas has produced a paradox. European politicians, strategists, and the wider public, support the EU becoming a more cohesive international actor. Today’s global transformations – including shifts in the global distribution of power, the disruptive effects of globalisation, and the evolution in the architecture, function, and effectiveness of global governance – mean that European cohesion on the international stage is more necessary than ever. Despite this ambition and functional need, there remain persistent political, ideological, bureaucratic, and strategic impediments to greater collaboration. This project examines this paradox and evaluates Europe’s external relations toward the United States, Russia, China, the Middle East and North Africa, and sub-Saharan Africa, and to functional issue areas such as the politics of globalisation and global governance.

The GGP Research Community

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BRIDGING RESEARCH AND POLICY TO ADDRESS WORLD CHALLENGES

Diversity Partnerships: Towards a Common Framework for Migrants and Minorities

In the last twenty years, a profound change has occurred in the organisation of the world economy and world politics, an epochal transition to a transnational order/disorder characterised by deep interdependence and mutual vulnerability among regions, states and societies. The intensification of linkages and connections across regions, countries and societies driven by technology, the ICT revolution, trade, international business, aid, mobility of people and ideas is transformative for society in all regions of the world.

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The period of uncontested American unipolarity, defined

by US economic, political, and military hegemony, is waning; the emerging multi-polarity is an increasingly pronounced feature of the international system, underlined by the transcendence of the G7/G8 of western powers by the G20. The growing weight of emerging economies – notably China, India and Brazil – points to a relative decline in the power of the US and Europe, especially within the international political economy. Pressing demands exist for public goods at the regional and international level but

THE GLOBAL GOVERNANCE PROGRAMME

significant barriers to their provision. In the absence of a global consensus underpinned by a world community of citizens and strong global institutions, the emerging transnational order lacks sufficient capacity to deliver.

In this context, the research conducted at the Global Governance Programme aims to identify the medium and long term challenges that the world faces and possible directions to follow in addressing them. The Global Governance Programme engages in ‘Big Arguments’ and ‘Big Issues’.

Global thinkers and leaders, academics as well as policy

Marta Cartabia, Judge, Italian Constitutional Court

the European Central Bank). More recently, a group of prominent experts, including Ben Emmerson (UN Special Rapporteur on Counter-terrorism and Human Rights), Gilles de Kerchove (EU Counterterrorism Coordinator), Christof Heyns (UN Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions) discussed with academics affiliated to and convened by the Global Governance Programme the direction and development of EU policy in response to the controversial practice of targeted killing through the use of drones. The discussion anticipated an intense debate at the international level cul-

Ignazio Angeloni, Member, Supervisory Board, European Central Bank

and decision makers constitute the pool of experts on which the Programme can draw for inspired and cuttingedge debates of relevance to the problems facing the world.

The Programme fosters dialogue between the worlds of research and policy at the highest level of quality and in a fair-minded way and seeks to contribute robust critical thinking to questions of policy and institutional design.

The policy dimension is a core feature of the Programme, which has offered an exceptional forum for prominent leaders to attain a research-led approach to issues on the policy agenda. This was the case, for example, concerning governance of the monetary union during the euro crisis and discussions within the EU on the raison d’être of the single currency; the Global Governance Programme hosted high level discussions with central players such as José Manuel Durão Barroso (President of the European Commission) and Vitor Constâncio (Vice-President of

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minating in a speech by US President Barak Obama on US drone and counterterrorism policy.

The EU is drawn into a web of global governance as it attempts to influence and on the other hand is influenced by international regimes, bilateral and multilateral agreements and transnational governance. In this context, our Research Directors are called upon by numerous institutions, at the European and global level, to offer advice on issues of policy-relevance, disseminating the research they conduct.

As world-class experts, our Research Area Directors also provide consulting and training focussing on development issues, working, for example, for the International Growth Centre, the Enhanced Integrated Framework, and the International Trade Centre. The Global Governance Programme produces Policy Papers and Policy Briefs to frame key issues, present policy options and recommendations and issue call to action for policy makers.

RESEARCH TURNED INTO ACTION

ACADEMY OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

The Academy of Global Governance was established to offer a unique executive training model: a perfect combination of academic, research-based knowledge and evidence-based practice. Since the first executive training (2010), the Academy has built a community drawn from all corners of the world and from a great number of sectors.

The teaching staff of the Academy includes leading academics from top universities and research centres – such as the Universities of Cambridge, Oxford, Yale, Princeton, Columbia, Harvard, New York University, the ASEAN Studies Centre, the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) – officials from national ministries, government agencies, and international organisations such as the US State Department, the European Commission, the European External Action Service, the WTO, the OECD, the IMF, the European Court of Justice - and practitioners from the business sector.

“A very good overview of the topic, and a nice mix of speakers and participants, both from academia and practice.

A combination where theories and policies received a well-deserved reality check.”

Andra Elena Dusu European Commission

An increasing number of academics, officials, diplomats, and practitioners chose executive training at the Academy to gain skills and knowledge to advance their career and to join a wide and dynamic network of first-rate experts.

In 2014, the Academy expanded its offer with the kickoff of “tailor-made training”. These training schemes are designed to fulfil specific institutional training needs, Training Participants* geared towards either professional advancement of their staff or towards offering refresher courses. Building on its 30% National Governments, expertise, and taking advantage of the faculty of the Eu 30% Government Agencies National Goverments, ropean University Institute as well as of its wide and rich network of experts, the Academy can design customised Agencies 11% ThinkGovernament Thank training for junior, middle or senior management offi 8% 11% Private Sector 8% Private Sector cials on a variety of global governance issues. The first 5% NGOs “tailor-made training” series were addressed to officials 5% Ngos of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, of the Inter 18% European Intitutions national Trade Centre (ITC), and of the United Nations European Institutions 28% 18% International Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).

Organisations

28% International Organisations

*Almost 50% of our trainees are practitioners

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Programmes and registration forms available at: Academy.eui.eu

THE GLOBAL GOVERNANCE PROGRAMME

PROGRAMME STAFF

PROGRAMME STAFF

PROGRAMME STAFF

SECRETARY TO THE GGP

OUTREACH COORDINATOR

VALENTINA BETTIN

Valentina Bettin graduated in Political Sciences - International Relations and was awarded the prize for best student in 2000. She obtained her PhD in international law at the EUI in 2005. She worked as project manager for the EU project Moveact on mobile EU citizens. She joined the EUI in 2009 as project coordinator for the European Union Democracy Observatory (EUDO) and she became administrative assistant for EUDO and the Gobal Governance Programme in April 2015.

Eleonora Carcascio graduated in political sciences and international relations and holds a Master’s Degree in Public Management from Bocconi University (Italy).

She specialises in marketing and communications, having extensive experience as communications and media officer in international organisations and NGOs. In the UN system she worked for the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). Previously, she also worked as a mediarelations and event consultant in the private sector. In 2010, she joined the Global Governance Programme as Outreach Coordinator.

PROGRAMME STAFF

PROGRAMME STAFF

SECRETARY TO THE GGP

ACADEMY COORDINATOR

FRANCESCA ELIA Francesca Elia joined the EUI in March 2009 as an intern in the History Department. Since September 2011 she works at the Robert Schuman Centre as an administrative assistant to various joint chair professors as well as to the Pierre Werner Chair. In September 2014 she joined the Global Governance Programme as assistant to Professor Triandafyllidou. She holds an MA in Economy and Tourism Management from the University of Florence. Before joining the EUI she worked as a project assistant in the conference management sector and she took part in several exchange programmes in Germany.

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ELEONORA CARCASCIO

MATTHIAS KINDEL Matthias Kindel is in charge of the Academy’s Executive Training Seminars. He holds a BA in Political Science as well as an MA in European Studies both from FU Berlin.

During his studies he interned with the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung; a humanitarian NGO in Padua; and the Permanent Representation of Germany to the EU in Brussels.

After graduation he worked as a seminar organiser for diplomats within the German Federal Foreign Office as well as for the Centre International de Formation Européenne (CIFE) in Nice and Berlin before joining the GGP team in September 2014.

RESEARCH TURNED INTO ACTION

PROGRAMME STAFF

PROGRAMME STAFF

SECRETARY TO THE GGP

SECRETARY TO THE GGP

ANGELIKA LANFRANCHI

MIA SAUGMAN

Angelika Lanfranchi studied German Literature and Civilisation at the University of Montpellier (France) where she obtained a Master’s Degree and the CAPES. She later worked as publication officer at the EUI Academy of European Law (1988-95) before taking up a teaching position in England. She returned to the EUI in 1999 working at the Academic Service before joining the RSCAS in 2001 as assistant to the director until 2009.

Since the creation of the Global Governance Programme she works as administrative assistant. She is also responsible for publication of RSCAS Working and Policy Papers.

Mia Saugman holds a BA in Geography and Spanish as well as an MA in Intellectual History and the History of Social and Political Thought, both obtained at Sussex University (UK). Mia also studied at the Universidad de Salamanca as an Erasmus student. Before joining the Global Governance Programme in September 2012, she had worked as European customer service representative at Genesys Conferencing in the UK, followed by a year and a half as an English language instructor to the Italian armed forces, and subsequently as secretary to various professors at the EUI.

PROGRAMME STAFF

PROGRAMME STAFF

PROGRAMME MANAGER

WEBMASTER

INGO LINSENMANN

Ingo Linsenmann, MA, studied Political Sciences at the Universities of Cologne and Newcastle upon Tyne and worked for the International Young European Federalists (JEF) in Brussels and Bonn for several years. Between 1999 and 2004, he was a research fellow and Project Manager at the University of Cologne. He joined the RSCAS in the summer of 2004. Since then, he has worked as advisor for project applications to European Institutions and as Project Manager/Director for numerous projects, including the NEWGOV Project, the PIREDEU Design Study, the ERD-Project, EUDO and related projects.

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FRANCESCA SCOTTO Francesca Scotto holds a postgraduate degree in Humanities Computing with a specialization in ‘Graphics, Interactive and Virtual Environments’ from the University of Pisa. Before joining the Global Governance Programme as webmaster in May 2011, she worked for the computing unit of the University of Dresden. Between 2007 and 2009 she worked for the computer engineering department of the University of Pisa to develop an e-learning platform. She also has experience in video editing.

THE GLOBAL GOVERNANCE PROGRAMME

CONTACTS

EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE ROBERT SCHUMAN CENTRE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES GLOBAL GOVERNANCE PROGRAMME VILLA LA FONTE VIA DELLE FONTANELLE, 18 50014 SAN DOMENICO DI FIESOLE FIRENZE (ITALY) PHONE: +39 055 4685 973 FAX: +39 055 4685 804 www.eui.eu/rscas http://globalgovernanceprogramme.eui.eu

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RESEARCH TURNED INTO ACTION

Published in March 2015 by the European University Institute Š European University Institute, 2015

QM-AK-15-001-EN-N

The European Commission supports the EUI through the European Union budget. This publication reflects the views only of the author(s), and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

ISBN: 978-92-9084-274-3 ISSN: 1977-8279 DOI:10.2870/522385