The Global control of FMD - Tools, ideas and ideals – Erice, Italy 14-17 October 2008
Appendix 80
CONTROL OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE UNDER PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP)
S.N. Singh M.D. BIOVET PVT LTD, #560; 1st Main; ‘C’ Block; AECS Layout; Kundalahalli; Bangalore – 560037; E-mail: snsingh_2002@yahoo.com
The Indian dairy farming and agriculture business has grown to Himalayan heights to put the country as number one milk producer in the world today with above 92 million tons record production. The country has a huge livestock population of cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats 170 million mainly in desert and hilly track of Indian continent e.g HP, J & K, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu are the major habitant for small ruminants for rural economy with a marginal and landless community. The production of livestock products like milk, meat, wool, hides and other byproducts have also increased tremendously in recent years. Goattery is becoming more popular as compare to poultry in recent times the problems are mainly breading, the good quality of mutton breed and the milk breed so that the vegetarian and non vegetarian dietery system in the Indian family has been popularized, the problem has also due over grazing in the forest area at grass root villages since stall feeding system of farming is on way as viable alternative for economic production but the disease is like haemorrhagic septicaemia and other viral disease are need to be control through vaccination program Improvement in the genetic potential of the livestock by means of cross breeding have made the cross bred animals, apart from increasing stressful productivity management practices have made animals more susceptible to diseases like Foot and Mouth disease, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, haemorrhagic septicaemia, black quarter, brucellosis. Most of these diseases "an be controlled by systematic vaccination and monitoring The export market of livestock products is ever increasing. The increase is particularly significant to other Asian countries, countries of the Middle East and Europe. The world trade organization (WTO) plays a significant role in determining trade policies, it would be of utmost importance that export products be free of important infectious diseases especially those listed by the OIE. A stringent monitoring and control policy should be implemented to prevent spread of these diseases (FAO / OIE / WTO). India has followed the OIE proposal for the eradication of Rinderpest disease. Sero surveillance and disease diagnosis was vigorously followed along with compulsory vaccination of all animals. It should be noted that the OIE would recognize India to be Rinderpest free soon. An immune belt has been created along the borders of the endemic areas. Many of the developed nations are free from most of the diseases listed in OIE particularly FMD and hence their livestock products are better accepted worldwide. The prevalence of FOOT AND MOUTH DISESE in India is a major trade barrier. Foot and Mouth disease is an acute infection caused by a virus. The virus belonging to the picornaviridae family, is the smallest virus known so far. The disease is characterized by formation of blisters, followed by ulcers on the mucosa of the. mouth cavity and on the skin of the feet, hence the name: "Foot and Mouth Disease" . Recent event in Foot and Mouth Disease control 2006 FAO Meet, Cyprus clearly defines the following important considerations. 1. Lack of early warning of emergence of new antigenic types of Foot and Mouth Disease type A has contributed to the scale of the subsequent regional epidemic in the I.R. of Iran, and Turkey 2. Incursion of an African type A virus into the Mediterranean region has occurred for first time in Egypt in 2006, leading to a widespread and severe epidemic in the naïve animal production. 3. Regional or national vaccine banks do not currently exist in the countries of the middle east and that there is often a prolonged lead time before delivery of vaccine from commercial supplier. 4. That delay in diagnosis of the new virus incursions has resulted from the use of diagnostic methods and reagents that did not sensitively detect emergent viruses of different type or antigencity. 5. There is a need to identify the extent of biosecurity measures to prevent new farm infections given the cost and impact of culling and vaccination programmes, given the widespread
451
