EMERGING TECHNOLOGY NEWS

Regn.No.: MAHENG/2019/77824 Volume 7 - Issue 5 – September-October 2020 – `250 SPECIAL

Visionaries of a Brighter Future

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CONTENTS

VOLUME 7 – ISSUE 5 • SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 2020

58

NITI INITIATIVES

60

50

INTERVIEW WITH CIF CEO

INSIGHTS FROM EUROPE

56

CHINA PERSPECTIVE

62 68

R&D IN ENERGY STORAGE

BATTERY SAFETY

ENERGY STORAGE

Different battery chemistries and total allocated amount supported under Material for Energy Storage scheme

7%

8%

4%

5 7 9

PM MESSAGE EXPERT'S NOTE FROM THE EDITOR WORLD ENERGY STORAGE

14 Energy storage:

15% 5% 9% 1%

Lead-Acid Na-ion Mg-S Redox flow Iron- Air

51%

Li-ion Li-S Zinc-Air

Generating global interest

COVER feature

20 Visionaries of a brighter future

ENERGY STORAGE

46 The world of energy storage 50 EU energy storage prospects looking up

52 US Grand Challenge to accelerate energy storage development

64

DST INITIATIVES ENERGY STORAGE

56 Steady policy support for ES growth in China

62 R&D in energy storage technologies 64 Setting the stage for energy storage in India

68 Li-ion battery concerns for safe usage

POLICY

58 Policy for Clean Energy

LEADERSHIP SPEAK

60 Financing the frontier of energy storage

TECHNOLOGY INSIDE

70 Classification of energy storage technologies

E-MOBILITY

72 What is driving the EV market?

48 | September-October 2020

52

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EXPERT'S NOTE

Fostering global collaboration for a sustainable future What a year 2020 has been! The COVID-19 pandemic has affected lives of more people than perhaps any other natural or manmade disaster since the World War II. I hope all our ETN readers and their families and friends are staying safe and healthy. Some of us are lucky to have option to work remotely while there are many care givers and professionals who have been working at the forefront, not just in the medical field but in many of the essential services from electric utilities, factories to farmers and logistic supply chains. I would like to express my gratitude to each of these individuals.

On the other hand, the current pandemic has also opened our eyes to new possibilities, which seemed almost unimaginable just a year ago. Many of us have started experiencing significant improvements in air and water quality. We wish that we could continue to experience the same, but without the economic consequences that has led to the current situation. This is very much possible, if we can accelerate adoption of renewable energy sources and electric transportation.

I would like to urge all the readers of ETN to join us to pledge their support for this transition towards ‘Greener Grid and Cleaner Air’. There is no better time than the World Energy Storage Day (WESD), to be celebrated on September 22. Advanced energy storage technologies are expected to play the role of key enabler for achieving the dream of sustainable environment without drastic lifestyle changes.

The current pandemic We are celebrating this has also opened our year’s WESD by organizing first of its kind marathon WESD eyes to new possibilities, Global Virtual Conference and Expo, bringing together which seemed almost over 75 thought leaders from unimaginable just 20+ countries to share their experiences and outlook on a year ago. energy storage and electric mobility. We are honored and excited to have the support of over 30 national and international organizations for WESD, and we hope we are able to bridge the distance through a virtual platform and enable us to collaborate for accelerating adoption of energy storage and e-mobility by learning from each other’s experiences and best practices.

Dr Rahul Walawalkar President – IESA Managing Director – CES India

You can learn more about this event at: www.energystorageday.org

September-October 2020 |

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4

TH

Inviting nominations for the Industry Excellence Awards 2020 Leaders who inspire change

It could be your time to be in the spotlight.

▪ Energy Storage ▪ Electric Mobility ▪ Microgrid ▪ NOMINATION CATEGORIES ▪ Company Of The Year ▪ Emerging Company Of The Year Nomination ▪ Project Of The Year Submission ▪ Tech Innovation Of The Year Deadline: ▪ CXO Of The Year ▪ Emerging Leader Of The Year October 15, 2020 ▪ Women Leader Of The Year ▪ Researcher Of The Year ▪ Lifetime Achievement Award ▪ Financial Institutions Of The Year To Drive The Market ▪ Electric Vehicle Of The Year ▪ EV Infrastructure Company Of The Year ▪ Policy Pioneers – Outstanding Contribution To The Industry ▪ IESA-Earth Day Hero Award NOTE: SUBMISSION OF THE APPLICATION WILL BE DEEMED ACCEPTANCE OF THE AWARD’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS AS AVAILABLE ON THE WEBSITE - WWW.INDIAESA.INFO/EVENTS Information provided by the nominee will be used for internal purposes only and will be confidential.

For more information write to: contact@indiaesa.info schauhan@ces-ltd.com • sgantellu@ces-ltd.com • tushar.kakade@ces-ltd.com Powered by

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FROM THE EDITOR

Storage - lighting the path to prosperity A fascinating way to measure development in a region, is to check the brightness in that area via satellite images taken at night. Large swathes of land remain dark while others glow a bright golden color. Energy availability is a great enabler and brings the light of prosperity to a region – it is the route to economic betterment.

Renewable energy’s independence from the grid can bring power to the people. But it is storage which will provide that continuous, reliable stream of power on demand. Energy storage lies at the heart of the entire renewables energy system.

Energy storage has lagged in the renewable space. As awareness of its advantages grows, it is driving new and improved energy storage technologies. Wind or solar PV paired with storage is the most rational – store the power which would otherwise be curtailed, for a GHG-free, zero emission cache of energy. Storage helps integrate more solar, wind and renewables into the power grid, increasing its efficiency and cutting back the need for building new pollution-emitting peaking power plants. Advancements in energy storage technologies (battery, mechanical storage, green hydrogen, cryogenic storage systems, thermal storage) are constantly helping to bring down cost of energy storage systems.

As new demands are placed on the grid from EVs and RE, grid wellness and performance can be ensured through energy storage.

Energy storage lies Wildfires have added to an already at the heart of the fragile green house emissions crisis. Storing low-cost energy and entire renewables using it later, during peak periods energy system. helps in carbon reduction. For the climate challenge, which will push millions back and further back into poverty; and the deadly virus, which has thrown millions out of jobs and into uncertainty; stored energy from renewables is a way to improve climate resilience and to help strengthen economies by making cheap power easily available.

India Energy Storage Alliance, India’s leading alliance on energy storage and e-mobility has brought a virtual WESD gathering across continents to recognize and acclaim those great engineers - the great minds and facilitators - who work with dedication and passion to make the dark spaces glow.

Fifty of those eminent personalities from the energy storage sector are profiled by ETN in our special issue to commemorate WESD, by touching on their dreams and achievements.

For the tedious hours in laboratories and stretched out board meetings, and not forgetting those behind the scenes who put it all together, kudos and thanks to all of you!

On 22nd September, the Autumnal Equinox – when the day and night are of approximately equal duration, the World Energy Storage Day Conference is an endeavor to promote use of energy storage and find that right balance to make the world a greener place.

Ashok Thakur Chief Editor – ETN athakur@ces-ltd.com

September-October 2020 |

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INDIA ENERGY STORAGE WEEK

Supported by

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION ON ENERGY STORAGE, EV & MICROGRIDS IN INDIA

02 Nov – 06 Nov 2020

VIRTUAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION

2nd Nov | Monday

3rd Nov | Tuesday Atmanirbhar Bharat – Energy Storage & EV Manufacturing

Pre-Conference Workshop / Masterclass

CXO Roundtable

IESA Annual Members Meeting

IESA Industry Excellence Awards Virtual Expo

Nov| Thursday 5th5th Nov Thursday

6th Nov | Friday

Stationary Energy Storage India (SESI)

e-Mobility (Electric Vehicle & Charging Infra)

Energy Storage & EV R&D Summit

Women in EV & Energy Storage Forum

Buyer-Seller Forum

Country/State Roundtable

Country/State Roundtable

4th Nov | Wednesday

Virtual Expo

Energy Storage & EV Investment Summit

Virtual Expo

Organized by

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|

www.energystorageweek.in

Start Up Competition

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WORLD ENERGY STORAGE

Energy storage: Generating global interest Energy storage solutions, whether applied to the power grid or EVs, make systems more flexible and are suitable for meeting low cost, low carbon electricity demands. Following is a glimpse into the energy storage development and deployment scenario around the world, put together by Team ETN.

E

nergy Storage has been around since a long time, if you consider pumped-storage hydro (PSH) power as a form of energy storage. In fact, as of 2018, PSH accounted for almost 95 percent of the energy storage capacity in the US. In India, PHS is ideally suited to play a leading role in the country’s ambitious plans for new lowcost, domestic renewable energy.

The Indian government’s initiatives look promising in this regard, like the recently amended ‘hybrid wind-solar with storage’ policy that states that any form of storage – not just batteries – could be used in hybrid projects, including PHS, compressed air and flywheels.

Last year, India’s Ministry of Power proposed electricity rule changes to incentivize electricity supply at times of peak demand, that supports the cause of storage projects.

Storage to balance increasing RE input

The increasing share of intermittent RE sources like solar and wind in conventional energy mix, will make balancing the system more difficult.

Now, since the RE resources function only during certain time of the day, having both traditional as well as renewable systems running simultaneously does not make much sense. The purpose of the RE integration is to reduce fossil fuel generated electricity. Here, using energy storage becomes imperative to be able to provide stable, uninterrupted power supply at all times.

Use of energy storage makes the complexity of a power grid more flexible, and also makes efficient use of electricity. There are typically three types of storage projects: behind-the-meter (BTM) commercial

applications, utility-scale battery storage that replaces gas peaker plants, and storage systems deployed at large solar PV or wind generation facilities. Solar or wind projects coupled with affordable battery storage seem to work as well as traditional coal-fired electricity generation, in dispatching power to the grid whenever required.

Li-ion favoured storage technology

In battery storage, Li-ion is the fastgrowing technology that, according to research analysts, is expected to account for 85 percent of newly installed energy capacity in the world, with annual growth expected to reach more than 28GW by 2028.

Batteries are also effectively used in electric vehicles. The push towards e-mobility to reduce harmful tailpipe emissions, has seen the growth of batteries for EVs world over.

China, Europe and the US are leading markets for EVs, which is essentially the driver for growth of batteries in the power sector.

Countries that lead in battery manufacturing include China (over 60 percent) followed by the US, Korea, Europe and Japan (less than 10 percent each).

Overall, energy storage improves grid flexibility, reliability, and resiliency. It stabilizes power quality and reduces RE limitations; and end-users experience reliable, quality and low-cost power benefits.

Analysts like Navigant Research estimate that energy storage will be a $50 billion global industry in the next few years, with an installed capacity of over 21GW.

Europe, Russia, UK, Middle East and North Africa (MENA)

| September-October 2020

EUROPE

Europe is investing billions of dollars into research in an attempt to overturn Asia’s dominance of the battery market. In 2019, the European Commission approved €3.2 billion of State funding under its ‘important project of common European interest’ (IPCEI) rules.

The investment will support battery research and innovation across Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, and Sweden.

From 2020 to 2024, Europe aims the installation of at least 6GW of renewable hydrogen electrolyzers in the European Union, and the production of up to one million tons of renewable hydrogen. Then from 2025 to 2030, hydrogen will become an intrinsic part of the EU’s integrated energy system, with at least 40GW of renewable hydrogen electrolyzers and the production of up to ten million tons of renewable hydrogen in the EU. Finally, from 2030 to 2050, renewable hydrogen technologies should reach maturity and be deployed on a large scale across all hard-to-decarbonize sectors.

Europe's energy storage capacity across all segments is projected to grow from 3GW (exclusive of pumped hydro) to 26GW in 2030 and 89GW by 2040.

RUSSIA

Energy storage is a top priority for everyone active in RE, and Russia is no exception. The Kremlin has plans to derive 4.5 percent of electricity from renewable sources by 2024, which means 5.5GW of renewables capacity and ESS to offset the intermittency of wind and solar energy generation.

The combined effect of today’s low-cost electricity generation via photovoltaic modules, water, and

15 wind turbines and similarly lowcost storage in Li-ion battery and solar hydrogen obtained via water electrolysis will have a profound impact on Russia’s energy and automotive industries. In early June, Russia issued its Energy Strategy to 2035, which brings attention to the development of hydrogen energy.

UNITED KINGDOM

Energy storage capacity is snowballing in the UK. Around 33 percent of UK’s electricity came from renewable sources in 2019.

That figure is increasing as new solar and wind farms come online.

Large battery storage stations will allow for the storage of electricity during peak generation times and its release when supply levels drop.

UK Battery Storage Project Database report discloses that approximately 300MW of utilityscale battery storage was deployed in 2019, bringing cumulative installations to over 900 MW at the end of last year. The UK government has announced that it will relax planning legislation, to make it easier to construct large batteries to store renewable energy from solar and wind farms across the country.

MENA Region

Though long considered for their fossil fuel reserves, the countries of MENA are fast establishing themselves as global producers of clean, renewable energy. As the use of RE grows in scale in the future, demand for energy storage as a method of alleviating wind and solar generation in the grid will increase.

Battery storage systems are already being deployed at multiple levels of the electricity value chain in the MENA region, including at the transmission, distribution, and consumer levels. Energy storage deployment in emerging markets is expected to increase by over 40 percent each year until 2025

UAE

Major renewable energy projects are still underway and on track in the UAE including the major Al Dhafra Solar Plant in Abu Dhabi and the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park in Dubai. Saudi Arabia is

said to have 60 renewables projects in the pipeline, which are intended to generate 9.5GW of electricity a year from renewable sources by 2023.

AFRICA

Energy storage technologies are viewed as a potential game-changer for the widespread adoption of RE generation throughout Africa. They have the unique ability to provide a buffer between supply and demand, enabling energy systems to rebalance during and after a disturbance.

Moreover, storage can charge and discharge energy as required on-demand, making it a key piece of the stable energy infrastructure needed to improve grid reliability and security in Africa. The continent is rapidly moving to harness the potential of RE. RE will be at the heart of any significant energy transformation in Africa, bringing the economic and environmental potential to the continent’s consumers and communities. Energy storage and flexible power plants will be their key enablers.

India and SAARC countries

Energy storage is emerging as a necessity in all the South Asian nations with renewable energy capacities being rapidly scaled up, costs of solar PV and wind-based power are dropping significantly, and RE price parity with fossil fuel power is challenging the operational philosophy of the grid.

Countries in SAARC have taken a multi-pronged approach to energy storage through policy intervention in key focus areas such as RE integration, faster adoption of EVs, improving reliability of rural microgrids and efficiently meeting the energy needs of smart cities.

According to the India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA) report, the total annual MWh addition in 2018 hit 24.4GWh and is expected to grow to 64.5GWh by 2026. IESA estimates the market for energy storage would grow to over 300GWh during 2018-25.

INDIA

The government of India has set a target of installing 175GW of

renewable energy capacity by the year 2022 - penetration of RE in the grid necessitates energy storage systems for grid balancing. Further, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has indicated that it is considering all future renewable tenders with inclusion of energy storage.

Some notable developments India in the BESS segment include India’s first grid-scale battery storage system commissioned in early 2019 by the Tata Power Delhi Distribution with a 10MW advanced energy storage array jointly built

by Mitsubishi and AES. The project is designed for peak load management. More recently, the electricity department of Andaman and Nicobar administration confirmed the commissioning of a 20MW solar power project integrated with 8MWh battery energy storage system - India’s first largest utilityscale BESS system till date - L&T was awarded the contract by Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC) India.

In March 2019, the National Mission for Transformative Mobility with Phased Manufacturing Program for Li-ion battery manufacturing was launched in India by the NITI Aayog. India is also focusing on domestic manufacturing for all types of energy storage technologies including advanced lead-acid, thermal storage and ultra-capacitors apart from Li-ion batteries. Ministry of Science and Technology is also keen to accelerate domestic R&D capabilities to support this growing industry through Mission Innovation.

In May 2020, as a part of the selfreliant India (Atmanirbhar Bharat) initiative, the government recognized advanced cell battery storage as a ‘champion sector’. The government is planning to invest around $4 billion to set up Tesla-style giga factories for battery production with the emphasis of the scheme being on promoting cell manufacturing in India and reducing reliance on the import of battery cells. These large factories would be set up with a total capacity of 50GWh, over 10 years.

BANGLADESH

The estimated installed capacity in Bangladesh for battery storage has been estimated 200MW of

September-October 2020 |

16 deep-cycle lead-acid type. A policy has been implemented wherein it is the battery providers that are responsible for the end-oflife recycling of the batteries. This has resulted in a very significant incentive for battery manufacturers to create higher quality storage batteries and develop local supply chains, giving way to higher sustainability of storage.

BHUTAN

Bhutan currently has an ambitious electrification program aiming to achieve 100 percent electrification of the country by 2020. Bhutan’s extensive hydropower potential has been mapped at 30,000MW, of which nearly 80 percent is deemed feasible from a techno-economic perspective.

MALDIVES

Given its unique geographical location Maldives does not have access to conventional energy like fossil fuels and hydropower, etc.

Its energy needs are met primarily though import of fossil fuels. This situation makes energy security a priority for Maldives. It also puts the country at a greater risk and exposure to the market prices in the world energy market.

The situation in Maldives makes it a potential area for storage application. Together with the natural renewable sources, storage can make a significant impact and help reduce the country’s overall energy import costs.

NEPAL

Nepal faces a power deficit problem, in addition to installed capacity issues, that is intensified due to the seasonal nature of the hydroelectric power in the country. During the winter season when the river flows dry up, the power output of the predominantly hydroelectric power system of Nepal falls leading to seasonal load-shedding of up to 12 hours. Storage has been playing a role in the hydroelectric sector, in the context that close to 14 percent of the installed capacity in the power sector is ‘dam-storage’, which essentially allows for storage that can be used in later seasons when water dries up.

SRI LANKA

The power sector entities in Sri Lanka have limited ability to generate new investments in the generation, transmission and distribution areas, due to insufficient cost recovery mechanisms through the tariffs. The need for demand side management is very significant here, with a nearly 40 percent difference between the peak and off-peak demands of the country. This provides a potential for electricity storage to bridge this gap and level off the peak.

Sri Lanka is also one of the few SAARC countries that has exhibited an active interest in storage. From a policy perspective, the country’s plans were to have up to 20 percent penetration of renewable energy by 2020, and a very ambitious long-term plan to increase this to a 100 percent.

USA, Canada, Brazil and Latin America

Large-scale battery storage systems are increasingly being used across the power grid in the United States and Canada. By the end of 2018, 869MW of power capacity, representing 1,236MWh of energy capacity of large-scale battery storage was in operation in the US. In Canada, the operational ESS capacity was about 202MW as on June 2019. The operational projects combined with proposed ESS projects, account for approximately 4,500MW of ESS capacity projected across the country.

Energy storage is in the early stages of deployment in most parts of Latin America. As the penetration of RE increases in the power mix, and the region diversifies its sources of power generation; the role of batteries in smoothing out intermittent energy generation and in mitigating the costs of peak demand is bound to grow.

Policymakers and several private entities in the region are already preparing for the rise of battery storage with pilot projects and by developing an enabling policy framework.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

In February 2018, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) issued a landmark Order

| September-October 2020

841, directing the regional grid operators to remove barriers to the participation of electric storage resources in the capacity, energy, and ancillary service markets operated by Regional Transmission Organizations (RTO) and Independent System Operators (ISO) (RTO/ISO markets). In December 2018, the New York Public Service Commission approved the most ambitious target for energy storage in the US till date, of 1,500MW by 2025 and a longterm goal of 3,000MW by 2030.

Further, in April 2019, the Energy Storage Tax Incentive and Deployment Act was introduced. Its goal is to extend to batteries and other electric storage systems the same 30 percent federal Investment Tax Credit (ITC) offered to solar PV systems. The Public Utilities Commission of Nevada in March 2020 adopted the goal of 1,000MW energy storage deployment by 2030 making it the sixth US State to set such an energy storage goal.

Massachusetts announced the launch of Clean Peak Standards to take effect in June 2020 opening new chapter in grid evolution.

Notable US energy storage projects (ongoing and proposed) • 176MW and 36MW installed in California and Hawaii respectively • Biggest project contracted in 2018: 300MW/1200MWh Vistara Moss Landing Energy Storage plant, for PG&E in California • New use of residential storage for grid services at Green Mountain Power in Vermont and Liberty Utilities in New Hampshire • 545MW of microgrids installed, led by the Southeastern US in deployments • Hurricane disaster recovery efforts spur solar+storage microgrid resilience projects in Puerto Rico and other areas of the US.

CANADA

In March 2019, the Ontario Energy Board (OEB) launched an initiative

17 to identify ways to support the integration and expansion of distributed energy resources (DER) in Ontario, and in May 2019, Energy Storage Canada (ESC) released their presentation – ‘Maximizing Value and Efficiency for Ratepayers through Energy Storage’.

In January 2019, the Alberta legislature approved the construction and operation of the Canyon Creek Pumped Hydro Energy Storage Project - first hydro project to be approved by the Alberta legislature in 10 years and the first large-scale energy storage project in Alberta.

It has a capacity of 75MW and supplies power for up to 37 hours.

Further, the Alberta Utilities Commission in April 2020 approved a solar and battery storage project combining 13.5MW of solar generation with 8 MW / 8 MWh of batteries in a rural area of the province. This will be one of Alberta’s first major solar-plusstorage projects. The Intelligent Feeder Project launched in 2018 in Elmsdale, Nova Scotia, is testing the viability of Tesla batteries (Powerwalls).

LATIN AMERICA

According to World Economic Forum, energy storage will affect the entire electricity value chain across Latin America as it replaces peaking plans, alters future transmission and distribution investments, reduces intermittency of renewables, restructures power markets and helps to digitize the electricity ecosystem.

In Mexico, General Electric announced plans to develop five energy storage projects that will help integrate solar and wind projects into the grid. In the Dominican Republic, two 10MW arrays of batteries, were installed by AES Dominicana in August 2017, which helped the country’s grid remain operational when Hurricane Irma struck a few weeks later. In June 2020, Chilean government awarded development rights for 11 utilityscale renewables projects in the country, totaling more than 2.6GW. Renewables heavyweights including EDF, Engie and Enel won the tender, with projects coming forward with an implied total investment value over $2.5 billion.

Japan, China, South Korea, Australia, New Brazil’s latest 10-year energy Zealand, Singapore, expansion plan seeks to maintain Indonesia, and hydro generation while increasing Philippines BRAZIL

the share of non-hydro renewables, particularly solar. In 2016, the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (ANEEL) launched a R&D program for grid-connected energy storage projects, the first generation of which has already been implemented.

In 2018 AES Tietê commissioned the first energy storage project connected to the Brazilian National Interconnected System. Sodium and lithium sulfur battery storage was used first time, after NEC ES and NGK signed deals to deliver projects to an island archipelago in Brazil in July 2018. In a line-up of trial deployments of battery storage in the region, Engie tested novel zinc batteries from Eos Energy Storage ‘to their operational limit’ in 2017, while in 2018 another novel battery tech, a 50kW/400kWh test unit of ESS Inc’s ‘all-iron’ flow battery was also introduced in the State of Goiás, Brazil.

JAPAN

Japan is one of the world’s primary energy and RE markets. It is also the current world leader in smartgrid and energy storage technology.

In its Revitalization Strategy, Japan had the specified a goal to capture 50 percent of the global market for storage batteries by 2020.

Today, Japan is widely considered as the biggest market opportunity for new energy innovation. Apart from its future plans for wide-spread implementation of smart-city and smart-grid technology, the country is also making a shift towards a highly-diffuse renewable energy infrastructure.

Stressing on the importance of energy storage in promoting clean energy from renewables, Yoshiro KAKU, Chief Representative (New Delhi Office) of NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology

Development Organization) said, "Energy Storage – battery, xEVs, and hydrogen - is a game-changer technology that will support the efforts to realize a sustainable energy supply and combat global warming and pollution."

The world's largest energy storage system is slated to be coming up in Japan. It will have a 240-MW output and 720-MWh rated capacity.

CHINA

China is set to become the largest energy storage market in the Asia Pacific by 2024. Its cumulative energy storage capacity is expected to skyrocket from 489MW or 843MWh in 2017 to 12.5GW or 32.1GWh in 2024. This signifies an increase in the installed base by 25 times.

According to China’s National Energy Administration, the ancillary services market will transition from a basic compensation mechanism to a market integrated with spot energy prices by 2020. Maturity in technology and ensuing cost reduction, are also key factors that will contribute to the exponential growth in China’s energy storage market through to 2024 (estimated to surpass $6 billion).

SOUTH KOREA

South Korea is one of the most developed markets for Energy Storage Systems, with a deployment that accounted for one third of the world’s ESS capacity in 2018 at almost 1GW, as per India Energy Agency (IEA) figures.

ESS installations in South Korea have been increasing steadily since 2015, with a drop seen in 2019 to about 600MW installations. Overcoming this setback, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) and other bodies of the government have paved the way forward for South Korea to be one of the leaders in the Energy Storage Sector due to the aggressive policies and strong stand in favour of Energy Storage.

AUSTRALIA

Australia is set to add 1.2GWh of energy storage capacity in 2020, more than double the 499MWh

September-October 2020 |

18 installed in 2019 (Wood Mackenzie) – increasing the country’s cumulative storage capacity to 2.7GWh this year.

Adoption of energy storage in Australia is largely driven by funding and incentive programs from the Australian Renewable Energy Agency and State governments.

Regions with higher penetration of RE generation have witnessed significantly higher growth in the adoption of energy storage technology in comparison to regions with significant coal or gas generation. The adoption of energy storage has been primarily at the utility and residential levels, as well as for the off-grid commercial sector.

Some landmark projects in the region includes the Hornsdale Power Reserve, the world’s largest operating battery developed by French renewables developer Neoen. It is a 100 MW/129 MWh Tesla big battery project in South Australia. Neoen in April 2020, announced plans to develop another massive battery storage system near Australian city of Geelong that will be more expansive than its largest project in South Australia – a 600MW battery storage facility dubbed as ‘Victoria big battery’.

General Electric (GE) also won its largest battery deal so far to support the 200MW Solar River Project in South Australia, that will be combined with a 100MW – 300MWh GE Reservoir grid storage system.

The project already is slated to start generating power by 2021.

NEW ZEALAND

New Zealand relies on renewable energy for 90 percent of its electricity demand; however, solar PV accounts for 1 percent of the nation’s energy mix with around 97MW of installed capacity and the majority of it has been installed in the past five years.

In August 2018, the first gridscale battery energy storage system

in New Zealand was inaugurated.

The 1MW / 2MWh of powerpacks connected to existing pumped hydro facilities in South Auckland and used by project owner Mercury’s R&D centre as part of a trial of scalable grid-connected batteries.

In December 2018, in a bid to cut emissions further, NZ made two big announcements: the launching of what is said to be the world’s largest virtual power plant (VPP); and the establishment of a NZ$100 million ($69 million) Green Investment Finance facility. To fulfil the first commitment, the New Zealandbased solar company connected 3,000 residential solar-plus-storage systems to the national grid.

SINGAPORE

Singapore, though committed to relying on natural gas for the next 50 years, has announced the target of 200MW of energy storage beyond 2025. This announcement is in line with the vision of having a network of energy storage solutions across the entire island to manage the stability and resilience of the grid, as well as offering peak shaving services.

Singapore lacks geothermal, wind and tidal resources, and therefore the energy storage vision is partly driven by the expected push for solar energy installations in the coming years. The island has had roughly 3,000 grid-connected PV installations over the last decade and has set a goal of 2GW of PV by 2030.

Further, Singapore government launched the Accelerating Energy Storage for Singapore (ACCESS) to facilitate ESS adoption by promoting use cases and business models.

This region could also witness a new chapter in the history of green power with the Australia-ASEAN Power Link, which was endorsed in July 2020 by the Australian government. The ambitious renewable energy storage project envisions connecting the world's

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largest solar farm and battery system in Australia's Northern Territory to Singapore and Indonesia via a 3,700km undersea cable.

INDONESIA

Indonesia, though it has a small amount of solar PV at present, has a large solar potential given its tropical location. Reports estimate that less than 1 percent of Indonesian land would be required to produce all of the nation’s electricity using solar PV. Indonesia has a target of reaching 23 percent of renewables share in primary energy mix by 2025 and 31 percent by 2050. However, it has been struggling to meet the targets with renewables accounting for only 8 percent of primary energy mix in the country. Main factors for stunted growth in the renewables sector have largely been - regulatory and policy uncertainty, market barriers, financing barriers, and undeveloped local renewable industry.

PHILIPPINES

In Philippines, the government has started taking into consideration the role of regulators in enabling policy framework and in boosting the adoption of energy storage.

In April 2019, with the view to accommodate energy storage as an enabler for the modernization of its electricity networks, the Philippines Department of Energy (DoE) issued a circular – ‘Providing a framework for energy storage system in the electric power industry’. In October 2019, Philippines power utility Meralco and battery supplier Hitachi installed a 2MW / 2MWh battery energy storage system (BESS) on the country's largest island, Luzon. Claimed to be country’s first grid-scale distribution-connected BESS, the project served as a pilot to help Philippines's largest utility understand and further integrate battery storage technologies.

IESA

India Energy Storage Alliance

www.indiaesa.info

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COVER FEATURE

Visionaries of a brighter future ETN commemorates the World Energy Storage Day (September 22) with this special section dedicated to the pioneers and promoters of energy storage globally, who have spent years developing technologies that have enhanced quality of life and set the foundation for future innovation.

In the following pages, we have put up short profiles* of 50 leading personalities and their companies, whose contributions and initiatives in the field of energy storage have been defining the successful futurity of the sector.

These names have been selected

through an online poll conducted on our site.

We humbly recognise the foresight and acumen of all visionaries in the field of energy storage and renewable energy. Though our list is definitive of a number, it is in no way exclusive in the acknowledgement of all the entrepreneurs and path-setters of the sector. We will continue to cover people, products, and companies that have made a difference.

This is also an endeavour to present a world-view of the efforts and progress being made in the

energy storage arena, through innovative products, services, ideas, and even fruitful collaborations. Global warming is a world issue, and it is encouraging to see that great efforts are being made to reduce harmful emissions, pollution, and dependency on fossil fuels. It is also heartening to note that in the process, emphasis is also being given to improve the quality of life of people by producing user-friendly, cost-effective and longer-lasting products.

We strongly believe: every bit of energy stored, is power enabled.

* Profiles have been collated by our team after careful research, from information available online and some through company sources.

In assimilating the information, preference has been given to personal social media sites and blogs, and company websites. Names of the personalities have been presented in alphabetical order for the readersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; ease of searching.

| September-October 2020

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Prof Akira Yoshino

Yoshino Laboratory at Asahi Kasei Corp, Japan President of the Lithium Ion Battery Technology and Evaluation Center (LIBTEC) Akira Yoshino is a fellow at the Asahi Kasei Corp, and president of the Lithium Ion Battery Technology and Evaluation Center (LIBTEC). Yoshino, along with American physicist John Goodenough and British-American chemist Stanley Whittingham, won the 2019 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for their work in developing Li-ion batteries.

After completing his studies in technology at Kyoto University, Yoshino began working at Asahi Kasei chemical company in 1972, with which he has been associated throughout his non-academic career. On completing his PhD at Osaka University in 2005, he headed his own laboratory at Asahi Kasei, and has been serving as a distinguished professor at Meijo University in Nagoya since 2017.

Yoshino’s curiosity in the properties of new materials, electroconductive polymers led to the development of the first safe and commercially viable Li-ion batteries that went on sale in 1991. He developed a new type of battery with a polyacetylene anode and a lithium cobalt oxide cathode, and a fine polyethylene-based porous casing that served as a separator between materials. This made the new battery stabler and safer than other rechargeable batteries available then.

Yoshino has 56 Japanese patents and six European patents to his credit. He has won several awards both in Japan and internationally for his distinguished contributions. In 1991, he won the ‘Chemical Technology Prize’ from the Chemical Society of Japan and ‘Battery Division Technology Award’ from the Electrochemical Society for his pioneering work Li-ion battery technology. In 2004, he won ‘Medal with Purple Ribbon’ from the government of Japan. He also won the IEEE Medal for Environmental Safety Technologies in 2012, Global Energy Prize in 2013 and in 2014 he won the Charles Stark Draper Prize for Engineering from the National Academy of Engineering. In 2018, he won the Japan Prize and in June 2019, the European Inventor Award.

Prof Arumugam Manthiram

Director - Texas Materials Institute and Materials Science and Engineering Program Arumugam Manthiram is an American material scientist, professor and the Cockrell Family Regents Chair in Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin. He also serves as the Director of the Texas Materials Institute at the university that manages the Material Science and Engineering Program.

At the Manthiram Lab in UT, Manthiram year-after-year manages a team of graduate students, postdoctoral fellows and visiting scholars, and leads innovative material science research to develop new and affordable materials and efficient energy storage technologies. His research interest spans from advanced energy materials, rechargeable batteries, polymers, and nanotechnology to fuel cells, supercapacitors and solid-state chemistry, and is currently focused on rechargeable batteries, fuel cells, solar cells, and supercapacitors. Specifically, his group is engaged in developing new, lowcost, efficient materials for these clean energy technologies, novel chemical synthesis and processing approaches for nanomaterials, and a fundamental understanding of their structure-property-performance relationships.

In 2019, Manthiram delivered the Nobel Lecture in Chemistry on behalf of Chemistry Laureate John B. Goodenough.

Manthiram has been awarded 10 patents and his work has been cited more than 30,000 times with an h-index of 130. He also has more than 600 archival journal articles to his credit and has given 300 presentations worldwide, including invited talks.

One of his ongoing researches that has gained increased significance is the low cobalt battery technology. In July this year, Manthiram along with two other researchers at the UT Austin reported results from test of a cobalt-free battery using a new cathode-chemistry that entirely eliminates cobalt. He is also working on making battery chemistries based on materials that are abundantly available and inexpensive such as lithium-sulfur, sodium-sulfur and sodium-ion batteries.

Manthiram believes that if the efforts around the world, including UT-Austin, to tackle the shortcomings of lithium-sulfur batteries become successful, lithium-sulfur batteries could be a game-changer by 2025.

September-October 2020 |

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Bill Gates

Founder - Breakthrough Energy Ventures Breakthrough Energy was established in 2015 by Bill Gates and a coalition of private investors concerned about the impacts of accelerating climate change.

It supports innovations that will lead the world to net-zero emissions, building on the proven model of public-private partnerships that Gates has already used to transform health, education, and public welfare around the world.

Breakthrough Energy is encouraging the development of new net-zero energy technologies, championing policies that speed innovation from lab to market, and bringing together governments, research institutions, private companies, and investors to expand and enhance clean-energy investment.

In December 2016, Breakthrough Energy Coalition created Breakthrough Energy Ventures, an investor-led fund with more than $1 billion in committed capital—to build cutting-edge companies that will help stop climate change. Since then, the fund has been building its team and refining its investment strategy.

The 20-year fund is backed by some of the world's richest entrepreneurs, comprising Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, Virgin Group's Richard Branson, Jack Ma of Alibaba Group, and leading venture capitalists John Doerr and Vinod Khosla.

Based on an analysis of global megatrends and Breakthrough Energy’s landscape of innovation, the fund has identified five initial areas of focus to guide its investments. The fund’s team of leading scientists and company-building experts is reviewing investment opportunities in grid-scale storage, liquid fuels, micro- mini-grids for Africa/India, alternative building materials, and geothermal.

Breakthrough Energy Ventures has funded several companies to kick-start its motivated ambition of energy innovation: Form Energy, Quidnet Energy, CarbonCure, Commonwealth Fusion Systems, DMC Biotechnologies, Fervo Energy, Pivot Bio, QuantumScape, and Zero Mass Water.

Bill Gross

Founder, Chair & CEO - Idealab Studio, Co-founder & Director - Energy Vault Bill Gross is the founder of Idealab, a business incubator focused on new ideas. Over the last 23 years, Idealab has created and operated more than 150 companies, created more than 10,000 jobs, and had more than 45 successful IPOs and acquisitions in the areas of renewable energy, software, online advertising, Internet services, robotics, social media, and transportation.

Energy Vault was started by Idealab in 2017, along with co-founders Andrea Pedretti (CTO), and Robert Piconi (CEO). The startup creates gravity and kinetic energy based, long-duration energy storage solutions that are transforming the world’s approach to delivering reliable and sustainable electricity. The company’s missioned to fast-track the pace of sustainable clean energy adoption while stimulating economic recovery to more locations and institutions around the world.

Energy Vault developed a technology, based on the principles of pumped hydro storage, that it claims can slash the cost of energy storage to a fraction of the current price and make renewable energy cost-effective all day, every day. The company plans to build storage plants — dubbed ‘Evies’ — consisting of a 35-story crane with six arms, surrounded by a tower consisting of thousands of concrete bricks, each weighing about 35 tons.

This plant stores energy by using electricity to run the cranes that lift bricks from the ground and stack them atop of the tower, and ‘discharge’ energy by reversing that process.

Energy Vault has also signed up with Tata Power Company Limited, India’s largest integrated power company, to deploy an initial 35MWh Energy Vault system.

Prior to Energy Vault, Bill founded a number of energy storage and solar companies, including Energy Cache, eSolar, Duron Solar, Raytracker, Thermata, and others.

Gross has been an entrepreneur since high school, when he made solar energy devices. In college, he patented a new loudspeaker design, and after school he started a software company that was later acquired by Lotus, and then launched an educational software publishing company. Now, he serves on the boards of companies in the areas of automation, software and renewable energy. | September-October 2020

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Carla Peterman

Senior VP, Strategy and Regulatory Affairs - Southern California Edison (SCE) Carla Peterman is the Senior VP, Strategy and Regulatory Affairs at the Southern California Edison (SCE), one of United States’ largest electric utilities. Here, Peterman is responsible for national and State levels of the company’s regulatory affairs and energy and environmental policy, overseeing regulatory strategy and operation and environmental affairs. She is also the member of Sandia National Laboratories Energy and Homeland Security External Advisory Board.

Prior to SCE, Peterman held important positions such as the Commissioner of California Energy Commission between (2011-13) where she was the lead commissioner for renewables, transportation, and natural gas. She also served as the Commissioner at California Public Utilities Commission for a period of six years (2013 -18). At CPUC, she led several clean-energy initiatives, including the adoption of the nation’s first electric utility energy storage mandate, approval of $965 million of utility investments in EV charging infrastructure, adoption of utility energy-efficiency goals, and the continued implementation of California’s Renewables Portfolio Standard.

In 2019, she was appointed as the Chair of California Catastrophic Wildfire Cost and Recover Commission by California Governor Gavin Newsom, the commission played an important role in developing recommendation that led to the passage of legislation that holds utilities accountable for reducing wildfires risk from their equipment and promoted a financially stable electric industry. She has also held advisory and consultancy positions at Amply Power Inc., and the World Bank.

In addition to her professional journey in renewable energy and energy storage, Peterman has also served as the board member of the Utility Reform Network, an organization that represents consumers before the CPUC and California Legislature. She has been involved in other important associations such as the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners where she was the Chair of the board and California Broadband Council where she is a member. She has served as the Chair of the California Plug-in Electric Vehicle Collaborative.

Chetan Maini

Co-founder and Vice Chairman - SUN Mobility Chetan Maini is an Indian entrepreneur and technologist whose lifelong vision has been to create products and solutions that accelerate the adoption of clean and sustainable mobility in India and beyond. He is better known for inventing India’s first electric car Reva.

With the launch of the e-car in 1999, Maini successfully disrupted the mobility sector in India and created a buzz about e-mobility. At one point, it went on to become the world’s most selling electric car, having sold in over 24 countries.

In 2010, the Reva Electric Car Company was sold to Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd (now Mahindra Electric Mobility Ltd).

Taking his passion for transformative mobility forward, he joined hands with Uday Khemka, promoter of SUN Group, and formed SUN Mobility in April 2017. The vision of SUN Mobility is to create a universal network of interoperable energy infrastructure to accelerate mass adoption of e-mobility.

He has served as an advisor on several government boards shaping the framework for EV policies. He has been a member of India’s National Board on Electric Mobility (NBEM) formed by the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Enterprise and on the Technology Advisory Group (TAG) on Electric Mobility under the Ministry of Science and Technology, government of India.

Maini has been recognized for his pioneering work and has received several accolades including the Innovation award in Energy and Environment by The Economist in London in 2011, BBC Top Gear ‘Man of the Year’ award in 2014, Frost & Sullivan India Start-ups – ‘Visionary Innovation Leadership Award’ in 2018, and was listed as one of the ‘Top 50 most influential people in India’ to bring about change, by Businessweek magazine. In 2011, he was also named ‘Young Global Leader’ at the World Economic Forum and was the Chairman of the Personal Mobility Council.

SUN Mobility has recently tied up with Bosch for technology, and with IOC to set up battery-swapping stations at their fuel pumps.

September-October 2020 |

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Chris Shelton

Chief Technology Officer – AES, President – AES Next Chris Shelton is the Chief Technology Innovation Officer at AES, and President at AES Next - new energy business, AI, energy storage, solar energy, mobility, EE/DR. Previously, Shelton had served as President of AES Energy Storage, LLC, and helped spearhead the Group’s energy storage business. He led the business unit with 84MW of advanced energy storage systems in operation and construction and another 500MW of projects in near-term development.

He has over 15 years of technology related development and systems architecture experience, and has been a leader in the origination of new business efforts at AES. These efforts include the launch of a retail electricity business where he pioneered the bundling of environmental offsets with customer electricity consumption, and began the first AES wind development efforts. He holds a Bachelor of Science in Physics and is currently on the Board of the Electricity Storage Association.

The AES Corporation is a Fortune 200 global power company. It manages 36GW of energy capacity and provides affordable, sustainable energy to 17 countries through its diverse portfolio of distribution businesses as well as thermal and renewable generation facilities. Its diverse mix of generation and utility sources provides the strength, and flexibility to adapt to local and regional market needs, maximize plant efficiency and deliver reliable, affordable electricity.

The company is also building another nearly 5GW of energy capacity and has been growing its energy storage division, focused on selling battery systems. AES inaugurated the world’s largest operational solar-plus-storage system in Kauai, Hawaii. The 28MW solar photovoltaic (PV) system and 20-MW/100-MWh battery system has been dubbed ‘the PV Peaker Plant’. The combined system can deliver roughly 11 percent of Kauai’s power, and it is expected to help Hawaii achieve its goal of reaching a 100 percent renewable energy by 2045.

Dale Hill

Founder - Proterra Dale Hill is the founder of Proterra, a leading US developer and manufacturer of zero-emission, heavy-duty, battery electric transportation vehicles.

Hill started Proterra in 2004 in Golden, Colorado, with a single objective – to build the world’s best battery electric bus and related charging systems.

Presently, with more than 950 electric buses in more than 120 different municipal offices, university, airport, federal and commercial transit agencies across 43 U.S. States and Canadian provinces, Proterra is reckoned as a leader in zero emission, heavy-duty vehicles.

Over the last few years, Hill has been involved in the design and manufacture of several industry-changing transportation solutions including Tech-Weld, a welding supply company in Houston where Hill served for a decade. After which he ventured to establish the aluminum dump trailer manufacturing company, Alumatech, which reportedly witnessed initial success, capturing 7 percent of national markets in the very first year of production but later had to declare bankruptcy. Thereafter, he moved to Devnver Colorado and founded TransTeq, the company that designed and manufactured CNG-Fueled Hybrid-Electric Vehicle for the Denver Regional Transit District.

Proterra introduced its first offering, the EcoRide at American Public Transportation Association’s annual meeting in November 2008, and in January 2009, Proterra sold its first three e-buses to Foothill Transit in Pomona, California.

The company’s configurable Catalyst platform is capable of serving the full daily mileage needs of nearly every transit route on a single charge.

In a more recent development Proterra unveiled its newest series of battery packs, the H Series, which offers a customizable energy storage system to power a wide range of heavy-duty commercial vehicles.

Hill continues to speak and consult both nationally and internationally, and as a member of the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), a US-based, globally active professional association and American Welding Society, and is fondly remembered as a pioneer in clean transit solutions.

| September-October 2020

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Daniel Wishnick

Managing Director, Fluence - a Siemens and AES Company Daniel Wishnick has been instrumental in the management of the distributed solutions markets for North America. He comes with more than 25 years of experience in sales, marketing, engineering, business development and managing operations in the US, China, India, South America and Europe. As MD of Fluence, he is focused on driving change to accelerate the modernization of the company’s energy networks.

In January 2018, Siemens and AES launched Fluence, uniting the scale, experience, breadth, and financial backing of the two most experienced icons in energy storage. Fluence is the result of two industry powerhouses and pioneers in energy storage joining together to form a new company dedicated to innovating modern electric infrastructure. The mission is to create a more sustainable future by transforming the way we power our world. Fluence brings the proven energy storage solutions and services that overcome the commercial and regulatory barriers that stand in the

way of modernizing energy networks.

Fluence has built on more than a decade of grid-scale energy storage installations and currently has more than 760MW of battery-based energy storage systems deployed or contracted across 17 countries, the largest advanced battery-based energy storage fleet in the world.

In India, Fluence Energy launched the country’s first grid-scale 10MW/10MWH battery energy storage project.

The project is located in Rohini, Delhi, and is regarded as a milestone for India's entire energy sector.

Fluence’s sixth-generation energy storage technology stack combines factory-built hardware, advanced software and data-driven intelligence. This forms the foundation for three purpose-built systems - Gridstack, Sunstack and Edgestack that are configured for grid, renewable and commercial and industrial (C&I) applications, respectively - that easily address the need for larger systems and larger fleets of systems. Fluence has already been selected

by Enel, LS Power and Siemens for 800 MW/2,300 MWh of projects using the new technology.

Daryl Wilson

President & CEO - Hydrogenics Corporation Daryl Wilson is President & CEO of Hydrogenics Corporation, a Cummins Inc. company that is a leader in designing, manufacturing, building and installing industrial and commercial hydrogen generation, hydrogen fuel cells and MW-scale energy storage solutions; accelerating a global power shift to a cleaner energy future.

Wilson claims Hydrogenics has the “most energy dense hydrogen generation electrolysis stack in the world, some 4-6 times more energy dense than our competitors… this allows us to deliver large scale hydrogen generation projects at a much more competitive cost.”

Hydrogenics offers an innovative Power-to-Gas solution for energy conversion and energy storage using electrolysis. It converts surplus electricity from renewable sources to produce hydrogen or renewable gas, and it can leverage the existing natural gas infrastructure.

Its advanced large-scale PEM electrolysis technology offers the smallest footprint and highest power density in the industry. With best-in-class efficiency and cost-effectiveness, the company has established itself as the market leader for multi-megawatt PEM (Polymer electrolyte membrane) electrolyzers.

Hydrogenic’s Power Systems HyPM-HD platform has a range of power outputs for vehicles with electric drives.

These mobility power solutions are built for applications from range extension to sole propulsion systems in power outputs of 30 to 180 kW. They are used in cities, airports, military bases and ports around the globe, including some of the world’s largest automotive companies. The CelerityTM, and its advanced option, CelerityPlusTM are OEM-friendly zero emission solutions for medium and heavy-duty buses, trucks and forklifts.

The HyPM-XR Fuel Cell Power Modules offer critical backup power applications for data centers and telecommunications stations. These backup power systems offer seamless switching and virtually limitless runtime.

Hydrogenic’s MW Power Plant platform is a clean, highly-reliable, cost effective power solution for backup, standby, and peak shaving stationary applications.

September-October 2020 |

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David M Shaffer President, CEO - EnerSys

David M Shaffer is the president and CEO of EnerSys, and serves as president of the board of directors of Battery Council International. Prior to joining EnerSys he held positions with FIAMM Technologies, Exide Technologies Inc. and Johnson Controls Inc. Under his leadership, EnerSys was keen to move into energy storage markets with its $750 million acquisition of the Canadian firm Alpha Technologies, a provider of AC, DC and renewable power for telecoms, cable, broadband and other systems. The acquisition helped EnerSys gain immediate scale, diversify end markets, and increase exposure to industries with attractive growth dynamics.

Shaffer joined the Company in 2005 and has worked in various roles of increasing responsibility in the industry before that. He is also director of several EnerSys subsidiaries.

Blink Charging and EnerSys collaborated to develop high power inductive/wireless and enhanced DC fast charging systems with energy storage options for the automotive market. The next-generation DCFC charging solution with high power energy storage features a modular design with output from 100-500 kW and will be economically priced.

EnerSys acquired battery maker NorthStar Battery Co. The deal added $150 million in annualized revenue to the company and will expand its ability to produce thin-plate pure-lead (TPPL) battery products. The companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s acquisition of the Alpha Technologies Group of companies in 2018, has enabled it to provide highly integrated power solutions and services to broadband, telecom, renewable and industrial customers.

Shaffer feels that batteries are a key technology enabler for new concepts of mobility, connectivity and energy, like telecommunications and data centers, electric mobility, and stationary storage. He holds an MBA from Marquette University and Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from the University of Illinois.

DeLight E. Breidegam Jr. (late) Co-founder - East Penn Manufacturing

East Penn began as a dream of the Breidegam family. DeLight Breidegam Jr. left the US Air Force following World War II and began recycling old car batteries collected locally and reselling them back to local service stations.

Within a few years, they had outgrown their original location in an old creamery in Bowers, Berks County.

Breidegam took on a partner in 1947, Karl Gasche, an MIT engineering graduate who worked at Bowers Battery. He became vice-president of the company, which was incorporated as East Penn Manufacturing Company.

Raw material then started becoming available and with Gasche's expertise - he would ultimately hold 21 battery-related patents - the company began to manufacture new automobile batteries. The company's original battery line included five automotive batteries, with the best labeled Deka Precision Built. The company also sold batteries under the Berco and Hillcrest brands.

East Penn makes lead-acid batteries and accessories for starting, lighting, and ignition (SLI) markets, such as automotive, commercial, farm tractor, marine, deep cycle, lawn and garden, and power sports. The company also serves industrial markets with a full line of batteries for motive power, mining, and railroads, as well as stationary applications such as telecom, uninterruptible power systems, and renewable energy.

In 2005 East Penn acquired the automotive-battery division of Douglas Battery Manufacturing Co, adding a substantial North Carolina distribution center to its US operations. In 2008, East Penn entered into an exclusive agreement with Furukawa Battery, a Japanese battery manufacturing company, and CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization), the Australian national science agency, to release the revolutionary Ultra Battery technology in North America that would be manufactured by East Penn.

DeLight Breidegam Jr passed away on September 9, 2015, at the age of 88, leaving behind a 65-year long compelling success story of American Entrepreneurialism. | September-October 2020

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Elon Musk

CEO & Chairman - Tesla Elon Reeve Musk is a visionary entrepreneur and tech investor better known for his ventures that seek to revolutionize transportation both on earth and in space.

The South African-born American entrepreneur co-founded and leads space transportation company, Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, also known as, SpaceX; electric cars and battery products manufacturer, Tesla; a neurotechnology company, Neuralink and an infrastructure and tunnel construction company called The Boring Company.

In 2003, when the veteran start-up duo Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning founded an electric car company called Tesla Motors, Musk provided the first significant source of funding for the venture. He backed Tesla Motors with a total of $70 million in investments and during the same time joined the company as the Chairman of the Board. Musk played an important role in Tesla Motors (later renamed as Tesla Inc.) and in 2006 Tesla introduced its first all-electric sports car, Roadster that put the all-electric automaker on the map. It achieved 349 km on a single charge — an unparalleled range for an electric car.

In 2012, Tesla stopped the production of Roadster to focus on Model S sedan, the world’s first ever premiere allelectric sedan. In 2015, Tesla unveiled its third offering, Model X, to cater to the SUV/minivan market segment.

In keeping with the promise to expand Tesla’s product line to include ‘affordably priced family cars,’ Tesla has introduced Model 3 and Tesla Semi. Last year, Tesla launched Cybertruck a utility truck that offers more performance than a sports car, as well as the Model Y, which began customer deliveries this year.

In its objective to not only create electric cars, but also a sustainable energy ecosystem, the company has undertaken manufacturing of three energy solutions: Powerpack, Powerwall, and Solar Roof. These products allow business, utilities, and homeowners to control renewable energy generation, consumption, and storage.

Gautam Chatterjee MD and CEO, Exide Industries Ltd

Gautam Chatterjee is the CEO and MD of Exide Industries - one of India’s leading lead-acid storage battery providers in India, catering to both automotive and industrial applications.

Chatterjee assumed charge as the MD in May 2016 and before that served as the Joint MD of Exide Industries from May 2013 to May 2016 and headed the Automotive and Submarine Batteries Business until May 2016.

He has been a member of the board as Executive Director of the company since May 13, 1996, and is known to have been instrumental in making the Haldia unit of Exide as one of the leading battery manufacturing facilities in India. According to industry insiders, Chatterjee has a unique distinction of being a manufacturing person with sharp marketing acumen.

Exide’s first manufacturing unit was set up in Shamnagar, West Bengal in 1947, and has since expanded to a total of nine manufacturing factories across India, of which seven factories are dedicated to manufacturing batteries and the other two for home UPS systems. The company has a dealership network spanning five continents and 46 countries.

With sales of 100 million batteries a year, the company’s strength is that it designs, manufactures, and sells the widest range of lead-acid and electric storage batteries in the world from 2.5 Ah to 20,600Ah capacity with the view to cover the broadest spectrum of application.

Exide also boasts of a best-in-class R&D facility established in 1976, a proprietary R&D Centre at Kolkata, which aims at driving consistent innovation for better processes and products. Exide’s R&D center has been recognized by the Department of Scientific & Industrial Research, Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India since April 1977.

Exide Industries under sustained leadership of Chatterjee has grown into a market leader in the battery space with seven out of 10 cars on the road having Exide batteries.

September-October 2020 |

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Dr Graham Cooley CEO - ITM Power

Graham Cooley joined ITM Power as CEO in 2009. Before that he was Business Development Manager in National Power plc and spent 11 years in the power industry developing energy storage and generation technologies.

Before joining ITM Power Graham was CEO of Sensortec Ltd, founding CEO of Metalysis Ltd, a spin out of Cambridge University and founding CEO of Antenova Ltd. ITM Power manufactures integrated hydrogen energy solutions that meet the requirements for grid balancing and energy storage services and for the production of clean fuel for transport, renewable heat and chemicals. The company uses the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) technology that uses only electricity (renewable) and tap water to generate hydrogen gas on-site.

Graham claims that green hydrogen, which is produced by using renewable energy to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen inside an electrolyzer, is an entirely zero-emissions gas. He feels the 1000 MW-a-year electrolyzer factory that ITM Power is currently building, will bring down the cost of the equipment through economies of scale.

ITM Power will move into their 1GW per annum factory towards the end of 2020. The factory in Sheffield, UK, is a 134000 square feet new development.

The company is also involved in the research and development of scientific and engineering projects; development and manufacture of prototype products; and sale of electrolysis equipment and hydrogen storage solutions. It also operates 13 hydrogen refueling stations.

Cooley points out that electrolyzers are needed to decarbonize the power sector, as they will allow more and more wind and solar power to be added to the grid from projects that might otherwise be unprofitable. This is because, as more wind and solar projects are added to the grid, renewables supply will exceed demand. This will push wholesale power prices to zero and below and result in increased curtailment. But if the excess renewable energy could be sold to green-hydrogen producers, it would increase the income for wind and solar project owners. This otherwise ‘curtailed’ energy, when used to fuel electrolyzers, produces H2 at zero cost.

Hak Cheol Shin CEO at LG Chem

H.C. (Hak Cheol) Shin is the Chief Executive Officer at LG Chem at Seoul, South Korea. He was appointed at the Vice Chairman and CEO of LG Chem in late 2018 and was the first CEO from outside the company nominated by LG Chem since its founding in 1947.

LG Chem has been involved developing its business areas from a wide range of petrochemical products to high-tech materials, components, and biotechnology fields such as new materials, rechargeable batteries, IT and electronic materials, and life sciences. Under his leadership, the chemical company looks to make rapid expansion in overseas production and marketing of Li-ion battery business and other aspects of the business.

H.C. has more than three decades of experience in operating global materials and components business. He began his career as a technical service supervisor with 3M Korea in 1984 and joined 3M Philippines in 1995 and later rose to become MD of the branch. In 2011, he became the Executive VP of 3M International Operations, and reportedly, the first Korean business professional to lead the 3M overseas business. In April 2017, H.C. was named the Vice Chair and Executive VP R&D, Supply Chain, BT/ IT, Business Development reporting directly to Inge Thulin, Chairman, President and CEO of 3M. H.C.’s work experience spans global regions, markets and businesses. He presently also serves as a member of the board of PSEG, a $18 billion New Jersey-based public utility company engaged in power generation and distribution for New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York, and Maryland. He is also the Chair of the Nuclear Generation Committee and Fossil Generation Committee.

LG Chem supplies batteries to Tesla and GM and has plans to boost its capacity to meet growing orders. It has plants in South Korea, China, Poland and Michigan in the US. | September-October 2020

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Hiroaki Nakanishi Executive Chairman - Hitachi Ltd

Hiroaki Nakanishi assumed the position of Chairman and CEO of Hitachi in 2014. In 2016, he was succeeded by Toshiaki Higashihara as CEO, and continues to remain the Executive Chairman of the Company.

Nakanishi joined Hitachi's Omika Works Computer Control Design Department in 1970 immediately after graduating from college. His first management position was in the Information and Telecommunications Group. In 1998, he became the managing director of Hitachi Europe. In 2004, he became senior vice president. In 2007, he became the chairman of Hitachi America and chairman of Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, and in 2010 he became the 10th president of Hitachi. He is also chairman of the compensation committee and general manager of the post-earthquake reconstruction and redevelopment division Nakanishi is much regarded and remembered for his influential role in the major governance overhaul and restructuring of Hitachi during 2014-2015.

He has been credited for bringing in the defining change in the reshaping of the organization.

Speaking at the International Energy Agency (IEA) Summit, held recently this year, Nakanishi had expressed that that the clean energy transition challenge is a global one, but solutions will have to take into account the specifics of regions and countries. He stressed that the newly formed Hitachi ABB Power Grids, with its global footprint and leading technology and market position was well placed to serve the needs of governments and customers around the world.

He had said all nations share the common goal of increasing the contribution to clean electricity from renewables, and of contributing to the important mission of a sustainable energy transition.

Nakanishi completed his Electrical Engineering degree from the University of Tokyo, Japan in 1970, and did his Master of Science in Computer Engineering from Stanford University, USA in 1979.

Horace Luke

Founder & CEO of Gogoro Horace Luke is the CEO of Gogoro, a Taiwanese company that develops and sells electric scooters and modular battery swapping infrastructure.

He founded the company in 2011 and has since then been instrumental in steering the product development and corporate strategy.

Its product offerings include a range of Gogoro Smartscooter in series 1, series 2 and series 3 categories. It also offers the Gogoro Energy Network, a battery swapping platform for faster, easier, smarter way to power up electric vehicles across urban regions.

The broader vision of Luke is to transform urban transportation in congested cities around the globe. In his personal blog where he encapsulates the vision for the company, he emphasizes the need to utilize the latest in technical innovation and connectivity to bridge sustainable energy and urban transportation with the concept of easily accessible, hyper connected portable power, and turn the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most densely populated cities into smart cities.

Luke envisions Gogoro Energy Network and Smartscooter would serve as a catalyst for more efficient, cleaner, and smarter energy choices in cities around the globe.

The company also has strategic partnerships with Colorado-based Gates for developing Carbon belts; with Maxxis, one of the leading tire companies in the world for developing performance tires; and Japanese electronics major Panasonic for developing battery cells.

Prior to founding Gogoro, Luke served as CIO at HTC, where he played an instrumental role in leading the company's transformation from a white label hardware manufacturer to one of the most desirable and innovative mobile phone brands in the world. From 2006 to 2011 at HTC, he led product strategy from concept to delivery, garnering a variety of industry awards, including the GSMA's â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Best Smartphone of the Yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; in 2010 for the HTC Hero, the GSMA's 2011 Device Manufacturer of the year.

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Dr Imre Gyuk

Energy Storage Program Manager, U.S. Department of Energy Imre Gyuk leads the energy storage research program at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), which funds work on a range of technologies such as advanced batteries, flywheels, super-capacitors, and compressed air energy storage. He aims to create more cost effective, longer-lived and more reliable devices.

Gyuk has helped the U.S DOE kick off a Grand Energy Storage Challenge, where it seeks to accelerate development, commercialization and utilization of ‘next-generation energy storage’. He has contributed to the development of novel chemistries, the construction of intricate devices, the insights from analysis, and the innovative applications found to deploy storage.

He is also dynamically focused in the research to replace the metal-based electrolytes (e.g. vanadium) with batteries based on organic molecules. This will free storage from the oscillations of the commodities market and the dependence on foreign mining.

Gyuk has supported the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) vanadium redox flow (VRF) battery technology licensed by WattJoule. The redox flow battery is well-suited for storing intermittent, renewable energy on the electric grid.

The technology can help balance supply and demand, prevent disruptions and meet the grid’s varying load requirements.

Work under his direction has received 8 ‘R&D 100’ awards, which honor the top 100 demonstrated technological advances. At present, he also manages the $185 million stimulus funding for Grid Scale Energy Storage Demonstrations, developing a portfolio of field-tested storage technologies.

After taking a B.S. from Fordham University, Gyuk did graduate work at the Brown University on Superconductivity.

Having received a Ph.D. in Theoretical Physics from Purdue University, he became a Research Associate at Syracuse.

As an Assistant Professor he taught Physics, Civil Engineering, and Environmental Architecture at the University of Wisconsin. Research interests included the theory of elementary particles, metallurgy of non-stoichiometric alloys, non-linear groundwater flow, and architectural design using renewable energy and passive solar techniques.

Jeffrey B. Straubel Founder - Redwood Materials

Jeffrey B. Straubel is the co-founder and CEO of Redwood Materials, a startup focusing on advanced technology and process development for materials recycling, remanufacturing, and reuse. Established in 2017, the company’s principal business is recapturing the lithium, nickel, cobalt, and other valuable components inside lithium ion battery cells and using them to make new batteries. Straubel believes the supply chain for batteries and metals alone is going to be one of the largest industrial growth areas in the next decade as the world shifts to renewable energy and electric transport.

Recycled materials will be less expensive than mining, refining, and transporting new materials, which means recapturing and reusing them will drive down the cost of batteries. That in turn will further accelerate the EV revolution by making electric cars less expensive. Straubel predicts a process so efficient that nearly 100 percet of the valuable components of discarded batteries could be recaptured and reused.

In 2019, Redwood Materials launched a trial with Panasonic (Tesla’s battery partner) to recycle scrap materials from their batteries. The company is currently focusing on refining its recycling process on cellphone batteries before handling electric car batteries. In 2020, Redwood Materials raised $40 million from Capricorn Investment Group (founded by Jeffrey Skoll) and Breakthrough Energy Ventures (founded by Bill Gates).

The new startup is starting to emerge from stealth mode and it is already recycling scrap from Gigafactory Nevada, although not with Tesla. Straubel was an early founding member of Tesla and the company’s Chief Technology Officer. He built one of the best engineering teams in the world at Tesla and among many topics, he led cell design, supply chain and led the first Gigafactory concept through the production ramp of the Model 3.

In 2008, the MIT Technology Review selected Straubel as ‘#1 Innovator of 35 under 35 for the year’. In 2009, DesignNews named him ‘Engineer of the Year’ and in 2015 he was listed #2 on Fortune’s 40 under 40 most influential business and innovation leaders. | September-October 2020

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James L Robo

Chairman & CEO - NextEra Energy James Robo was named CEO of NextEra Energy in 2012. Robo completed the expansion of NextEra from its Florida-based utility business into an international clean energy player. The company charted its renewable energy growth by winning power purchase agreements with utilities and large consumers, securing income for decades in the future.

NextEra Energy is a leading clean energy company with about 45,900MW of generating capacity, revenues of over $19.2 billion in 2019, and about 14,800 employees throughout the U.S. and Canada. Its subsidiaries include Florida Power & Light, NextEra Energy Resources (NEER), NextEra Energy Partners, Gulf Power Company, and NextEra Energy Services.

Through its subsidiaries, NextEra Energy generates clean, emissionsfree electricity from eight commercial nuclear power units in Florida.

NEER, together with its affiliated entities, is the world's largest generator of renewable energy from the wind and sun. It also owns and operates generating plants powered by natural gas, nuclear energy and oil.

A Fortune 200 company and included in the S&P 100 index, NextEra Energy has often been recognized for its efforts in sustainability, corporate responsibility, ethics and compliance and diversity and has been ranked No. 1 in the electric and gas utilities industry in Fortuneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 2017 list of World's Most Admired Companies. In 2018, Fortune ranked the company No 21 among the top 57 companies globally that Change the World.

Robo received his Bachelor of Arts degree summa cum laude from Harvard College in 1984 and his MBA in 1988 from Harvard Business School, where he was a Baker Scholar.

Janice Lin

Founder and CEO, Strategen Consulting Janice Lin is Founder and CEO of Strategen Consulting, a business with a mission to empower and inspire global Fortune 500 corporations, utilities, governments, project developers and associations to accelerate grid modernization, decarbonize the planet and improve quality of life around the world.

Strategen gives its clients implementable strategies to decarbonize the electric power sector. To achieve this, it utilizes its vast depth and breadth of technical, regulatory, product and organizational expertise in energy markets.

In the consulting business, Janice has advised a diverse range of clients including renewable energy technology and service providers, large corporations diversifying into clean energy, utilities, investment funds and non-governmental organizations such as the World Bank.

Through association management, Janice has distinguished herself as a leading clean energy change maker.

In 2019 she launched the Green Hydrogen Coalition, an educational non-profit dedicated to transitioning to a sustainable, carbon-free energy supply with green (renewable) hydrogen.

In 2014 Janice had co-founded the Global Energy Storage Alliance (GESA), an international non-profit organization, and currently serves on the Board of Directors and as Chair of the Executive Committee. Prior to that, in 2009, Janice co-founded the California Energy Storage Alliance (CESA), where she successfully served as Executive Director for ten years, growing the organization into a leading voice for energy storage in the State and beyond with over 80 active members.

Through the Strategen Events business line, Janice co-founded and for the last seven years has chaired the annual Energy Storage North America (ESNA) conference and expo, the only mission-driven and the leading standalone grid-connected energy storage event in North America.

Janice has served on the Electricity Advisory Council of the US Department of Energy, the Board of Advisors for the Energy Policy Initiatives Center (EPIC) and the Energy Storage Committee of Joint Venture Silicon Valley.

Janice Lin has won numerous industry awards, including the 2019 Entrepreneur of the Year Cleanie Award, the 2014 NAATBATT Market Development Award, and the ESA 2013 Phil Symons Energy Storage Award.

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Dr Javier Cavada CEO - Highview Power

Javier Cavada joined Highview Power as CEO and President in 2018, to drive the global expansion strategy for the company’s cryogenic energy storage technology. In less than two years of his leadership, the company developed a project pipeline of over 3GWh, including several large projects in the U.S. Cavada has been a strong advocate of building the modern energy ecosystem on a foundation of energy storage.

Highview Power is a designer and developer of the CRYOBattery, a longduration energy storage solution. Its proprietary cryogenic energy storage technology uses liquid air as the storage medium and can deliver from 20MW/80MWh to more than 200MW/1.2GWh of energy that has a lifespan of 30 to 40 years.

Highview Power has been awarded a £10 million grant from the UK Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS) for a 50 MW CRYOBattery.

It was the only electricity energy storage technology company recipient of the Storage at Scale Competition hosted by the UK Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy.

The company has entered into a joint venture with Carlton Power, an independent UK power station developer, to build and operate the facility at Trafford Energy Park, near Manchester. The facility will be one of Europe’s largest battery storage systems to supply clean, reliable, and cost-efficient long-duration energy storage. In will also provide grid services to help integrate renewable energy, stabilize the regional electrical grid, and ensure future energy security during blackouts.

Earlier this year, Cavada was elected to the U.S. Energy Storage Association Board of Directors. He had spent 17 years in leadership positions at Wärtsilä Corporation including as president of the energy division and member of the corporation’s executive board. He led Wärtsilä’s drive toward 100 percent renewables, spearheading a deep transformation that enabled the company to become a leading system integrator. He also chaired the Board of Greensmith Energy Management and holds a PhD in industrial engineering.

Prof Jeff Dahn

Professor of Physics and Atmospheric Science - Dalhousie University Head of Jeff Dahn Research Group Jeff Dahn is NSERC/Tesla Canada Inc. Industrial Research Chair, Professor of Physics and Chemistry and Head of Jeff Dahn Research Group at Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia, Canada.

He is globally recognized as a pioneer in Li-ion battery cells – known to be working on Li-ion batteries practically from the time they were invented.

Credited for helping improve the life cycle of the cells, which eventually aided their commercialization; his recent work focuses on increasing the energy density, improving the lifetime, and lowering the cost of Li-ion batteries. He is also recognized as the co-inventor of Li [NixMnxCo1-2x] O2 0 < x < 0.5 (called NMC) class of positive electrode materials now used worldwide in Li-ion cells.

Many Li-ion cells made today use NMC positive electrode materials.

Dahn is known for building strong academia-industry interaction. During his years at Simon Fraser University (1990-96) he collaborated strongly with the R&D team at NEC/Moli Energy Canada (now E-One/Moli Energy Canada). He took up the NSERC/3M Canada Industrial Research Chair in Materials for Advanced Batteries at Dalhousie University in 1996 and held that position until 2016. In June 2016,. Dahn began a five-year research partnership with Tesla Motors/Energy as an NSERC/Tesla Canada Industrial Research Chair.

In his career spanning over four decades, Dahn has received numerous awards including the International Battery Materials Association (IBA) Research Award in 1995, Herzberg Medal - Canadian Association of Physicists in 1996, ECS Battery Division Research Award, Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2001, Medal for Excellence in Teaching from the Canadian Association of Physicists in 2009, Rio-Tinto Alcan Award from the Canadian Institute of Chemistry in 2010, the ECS Battery Division Technology Award in 2011, the Yeager Award from the International Battery Materials Association, and the Inaugural Governor General (Canada) Innovation Award in 2016. He has over 630 publications in refereed journals and 65 separate inventions with associated issued patents and patents pending. | September-October 2020

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Prof John Goodenough

Professor and Virginia H. Cockrell Centennial Chair of Engineering Cockrell School of Engineering at the University of Texas, Austin John Bannister Goodenough is an American scientist and professor of material science and mechanical engineering at the University of Texas at Austin. He also serves as the Virginia H. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering at the university.

In October 9, 2019, Goodenough - along with M. Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino -won the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his pioneering role in developing the Li-ion batteries. He essentially built on the basic battery design invented by Whittingham and invented a new cathode that greatly stabilized the structure and improved its capacity. Combined with an anode developed by Yoshino, the result product was a powerful, safe battery that could be recharged hundreds of times and used to power wide-ranging consumer electronics.

Goodenough forayed into battery research during his time at the University of Oxford in England where he was appointed as a professor and head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory. After a decade-long career at the University of Oxford, he returned to the U.S. and joined the University of Texas at Austin, he taught at the Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and presently serves as the Virginia H. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering at the university.

Though in his 90s, Goodenough’s work in the field of solid-state material science is far from done, his efforts are now focused on developing new materials and technology that’ll reduce society’s reliance on fossil fuels.

In 2017, Goodenough lead a team of engineers to develop the ‘glass battery’, the first all-solid-state battery cells which would enable safer, faster-charging, and long battery life for batteries used in mobile phones, energy storage and electric cars. The glass battery was invented along with senior research fellow Maria H. Braga of the Cockrell School of Engineering at the University of Texas. In August 2020, SK Innovation, a South-Korean battery maker announced that Goodenough will be helping the company develop a next-generation battery.

John Jung

President & CEO - Greensmith Energy Management Systems John Jung is the President and CEO of Greensmith Energy Management Systems (GEMS). He is the founder of the GEMS technology, a worldleading energy management platform for optimization and integration of energy storage systems. The visionary mind of John Jung has seen the dynamic nature of the storage asset and created the most sophisticated energy management system in the world.

Greensmith was acquired by, and is currently a Wartsila company, and GEMS is currently offered in its fifth generation. This latest software platform has been used to integrate the broadest array of generation assets including solar, wind, hydro, storage and thermal.

The platform enables utilities, engineering procurement and construction companies and independent power producers to manage and monitor single or a fleet of systems, to identify and diagnose equipment issues in real-time and increase system performance and longevity. The software can also synchronize multiple grid management applications, such as intermittency smoothing, frequency balancing, black-start and voltage regulation.

In the case of a new microgrid, GEMS software can simulate and model multiple configurations, predict the levelized costs of energy over a given timeframe and fix on the optimal size of batteries. It is also possible to integrate the weather data into the system so that the renewable generation can be forecast. This output is compared with the hour-by-hour load requirements and alternative sources of electricity to determine how other parts of the entire setup– such as the diesel generator - need to fit.

With GEMS, renewable energy sources and systems can be modeled and simulated in a virtual environment using real-time data. This allows GEMS to be lab-tested, rather than on-site. GEMS also integrated weather and load forecast data to optimize an entire grid system.

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Kelly Speakes-Backman

Chief Executive Officer, U.S. Energy Storage Association (ESA) Kelly Speakes-Backman is the first CEO of the U.S. Energy Storage Association, that represents 180 member organizations along the value chain from electric utilities to financiers, manufacturers and component suppliers. She is also Board Member at Northeast Energy Efficiency Partnerships (NEEP).

Speakes-Backman has spent over 20 years working in energy and environmental issues in the public, NGO and private sectors, including United Technologies, SunEdison and Alliance to Save Energy. She is a former commissioner of the Maryland Public Service Commission where she also served as chair of the Board of Directors of the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, co-vice chair of the NARUC Committee on Energy Resources and the Environment, and member of the EPRI Energy Efficiency and Grid Modernization Public Advisory Group.

ESA is the trade association for the energy storage industry and the leading voice for companies that develop and deploy the advanced energy storage systems that support the power grid.

She led the association's efforts to unleash the full potential of energy storage, doing so to lower energy costs for customers, increase reliability and resiliency, and enable a modernized, more flexible electric grid. In 2019, she was named the Cleanie Awards Woman of the Year.

In 2017, ESA released 35×25: A Vision for Energy Storage to have 35GW of new energy storage systems by 2025.

An expanded vision for energy storage – 100×30: Enabling the Clean Power Transformation – was issued in August 2020. This white paper charts a path for the industry to deploy 100GW of new storage across the U.S. by 2030. The report outlines a combination of strengthened policy support, such as the investment tax credit (ITC) for stand-alone storage facilities, as well as the continuation of emerging policies that remove barriers to market participation.

Speakes-Backman is focused on the intersections of energy and environment, especially in relation to the policy and regulatory structures effecting generation, reliability, sustainability, renewable energy and environmental business strategies.

Mamoru Hatazawa

President & CEO - Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Mamoru Hatazawa has been serving as President and Representative Director of Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation, as well as Managing Executive Officer and Senior Executive Officer in Toshiba Corporation, since April 2018. He joined Toshiba in April 1982, and his previous titles include Director of Nuclear Power Business in Energy System Solution Company and Senior Director of Nuclear Power Business in the company.

Toshiba group has four business divisions: energy, social infrastructure, electronic devices and digital solutions. Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions is responsible for the energy business. It is a leading supplier of integrated energy solutions, with long experience and expertise in a range of power generating and transmitting systems and energy management technology.

The company delivers innovative, reliable and efficient energy solutions across the globe. It objective it to realize the next-generation energy services with advanced IoT and AI technologies, utilizing the knowledge and know-how that the company has accumulated in energy system development and manufacturing.

Digitalization of the energy business is part of its efforts to become a leading ‘cyber-physical systems (CP) technology company’. CPS offers sophisticated control and high value-added services by recognizing and analyzing the data collected from the physical world with digital technology, and giving feedback to the physical world.

In July 2018, the Group issued the ‘Essence of Toshiba’, a credo to raise the quality of life for people around the world, ensuring progress that is in harmony with our planet. As a signatory to the UN Global Compact, Toshiba Energy Systems says it is particularly focused on the 10 sustainable development goals. Hatazawa feels that corporations, members of a global society who face many issues, should not simply pursue short-term profits but also consider the long-term impact of their activities on that society, and aim to resolve some of these issues through their business activities, know-how and technologies. | September-October 2020

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Prof Maria Skyllas–Kazacos

Emeritus Professor, Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales, Sydney Maria Skyllas–Kazacos is a researcher and emeritus professor in the School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, at the University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia. She is better known for her groundbreaking work on the vanadium redox battery, which she developed at the University of New South Wales in the 80s. Her designs, which were later patented, used sulfuric acid electrolytes.

What distinguishes Skyllas–Kazacos’s work is that all vanadium redox flow batteries have unique configurations (unlike commercially available batteries) determined by the size of the electrolyte tanks. This technology has been proven to be an economically attractive and low-maintenance solution, with significant benefits over the other types of batteries.

With over 40 years of academic and research experience, her expertise includes vanadium redox battery, used in EVs, energy storage batteries, electrochemistry, aluminum electrolysis, conducting plastics and conducting polymers. Her research and professional interest include metal extraction and molten salts, battery research, electrode processes and electrode materials and membranes of electrochemical systems.

She holds an Industrial Chemistry Engineering degree from UNSW and doctorate degree from UNSW’s School of Chemical Technology. Skyllas–Kazacos worked as a post-doc fellowship at Bell Laboratories in the U.S. and during her time at the labs she discovered soluble lead-ions in the charging and discharging reactions of a lead-acid battery. Her paper about the discovery was awarded the Royal Australian Chemical Institute’s Bloom-Gutmann Prize for the best young author under 30.

Skyllas-Kazacos has several scientific and academic accomplishments to her credit, she was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia, Australia Day Honours List 1999, for her service to the field of science and technology, specifically, for the development of vanadium redox battery as an alternative power source. In 2000, she was awarded the R.K. Murphy Medal by the Royal Australian Chemical Institute, and in 2011, she was conferred the Castner Medal, by the SCI Electrochemical Technology Group, UK.

Martin Eberhard

Chairman and CTO – Tiveni, Inc. Martin Eberhard is the Chairman and CTO of the company Tiveni, Inc., a new venture started by him that’s into developing battery systems. The company plans to drive down the costs, improving the safety and reliability of battery systems. With a keen interest in energy storage, Eberhard feels it is the key technology for EVs and green energy generation, and will be essential to make solar and wind energy scalable. This is his fifth startup after Tesla, NuvoMedia (an e-book venture that produced the Rocket eBook in1998), Network Computing Devices, and InEVit (EV battery systems).

Eberhard is best known for establishing Tesla Motors (now Tesla, Inc.) with Marc Tarpenning. With a passion for motorsports and sports cars from, combined with an interest in climate change and global warming, they came up with the idea for Tesla Motors. Eberhard became the first CEO of Tesla, until 2008 when he had to leave the company. Between 2009 and 2011, he worked as Director of Electric Vehicles Development at Volkswagen.

His insistence on the significance of utilizing green energy has led to him to be known as one of the ‘most forwardthinking engineers of the century’. His key innovations have set the way for all ensuing electric cars; he believes that with the right technology choices, it is possible to build electric cars that are actually better than their competition.

A true visionary, he was ranked among the top 24 innovators of 2007 by the Fortune magazine.

Eberhard and Tarpenning had teamed up in 2003 to launch Tesla Motors, and subsequently designed and produced its first electric model the Tesla Roadster between 2006 and 2008. The Roadster could travel almost 250 miles on a single battery, with an acceleration and top speed comparable to many consumer-level sports cars. It had a standard lithium-ion battery structure, common to many electronic devices, and customers could recharge the car in a standard wall outlet.

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Mateo Jaramillo

CEO & Co-Founder - Form Energy Inc. Mateo Jaramillo’s Massachusetts-based startup Form Energy Inc. is working on developing breakthrough low cost, long-duration energy storage solutions that will enable the electric system to be 100 percent renewably powered. With an aim to unlock baseload renewables, the focus was on a new electrochemical battery that could provide storage services for days, not just hours.

The company announced the first real-world pilot of its ‘aqueous air’ battery — a technology that can discharge 1MW of power for about 150 hours straight. The pilot is the outcome of a partnership with Great River Energy, a Minnesota-based Utility that is planning a transition to a lower-carbon power mix. The new battery will be tested through 2023 at the Utility’s Cambridge Station gas plant in Minnesota.

According to Great River, the new battery storage will reduce the cost of electricity to its customers and that its power supply resources will be more than 95 percent carbon dioxide-free.

Jaramillo believes long-duration batteries would enable the use of clean energy throughout the year, bridging gaps in renewable electricity supply that can last days or even weeks, while also playing a complementary role in intraday storage needs.

Jaramillo was formerly Vice President of Products and Programs for Tesla’s stationary energy storage program, an effort that he had started. In that role, he was responsible for Tesla Energy's product line and business model definition, as well as global policy and business development.

He joined Tesla in 2009 as the Director of Powertrain Business Development, serving as commercial lead and primary negotiator on over $100M in new development and $500M in production contracts signed for electric powertrain sales. He went on to start the Stationary Energy Storage unit at Tesla, launching and building the Powerwall business. He also helped launch their supercharger business.

Pasquale Romano CEO - ChargePoint Inc

Pasquale Romano is the CEO and the President of ChargePoint. Based in Silicon Valley, the company sells charging hardware and runs the network and the payment app for consumers who use its equipment. It operates as an open EV charging network, offering both Level 2 charging stations, which can charge an EV in less than 4 hours; and DC fast charging stations, which can do so in less than 30 minutes.

The Company provides cloud-based service plans as annual subscriptions for providing tools, data, payment processing, and driver support.

ChargePoint serves corporations, utilities, municipalities, shopping centers, and parking services providers worldwide.

Romano has been instrumental in opening many new ideas and paths for the company to increase the revenue and expansion in foreign lands.

ChargePoint has set up a comprehensive EV charging network across Europe, bringing its best charging solutions to the drivers in that region.

Writing about the company’s foray outside the U.S., Romano said that ChargePoint’s mission is to ‘transform transportation by getting everyone behind the wheel of an EV’. “For nearly ten years, we’ve been perfecting a full range of EV charging solutions and deepening our understanding of the EV driving experience,” he wrote.

He feels that charging is a key part of accelerating adoption of EVs, and that if it can be made easy to use and better then people will start driving on electricity faster. And when they do that, he believes, the environmental impacts will be obvious for all to see.

Romano joined ChargePoint in February of 2011, bringing more than 30 years of technology industry leadership and executive management experience to the company. He co-founded 2Wire which was acquired by Pace for $475 million in 2010. Previously, Romano held multiple positions in marketing and engineering at Polycom. In 1989, he co-founded Fluent, Inc., a digital video networking company and served as Chief Architect until it was sold to Novell Corporation in 1993. He is also Member of the Board of Directors at AgilOne. | September-October 2020

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Patrick Clerens

Secretary General - European Association for Storage of Energy (EASE) Patrick Clerens has been involved in the energy and climate field since 2003. He has managed the EASE office in Brussels as Secretary General since its establishment in September 2011. Since then, EASE supports the transition towards a sustainable, flexible and stable energy system in Europe, and has grown from the preliminary 13 founding members to around 40.

Clerens is dynamically engaged in stimulating the development and deployment of innovative and cost-effective energy storage technologies.

He aims to promote a fair and future oriented energy market design that recognizes storage as an indispensable element of the energy system.

He brings 20 yearsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; experience in the climate and energy fields, and is working on establishing a platform for information-sharing on energy storage technologies and applications.

He has facilitated EASE through many years of collaboration with its members from across the energy storage value chain, and has helped it focus on identifying the best path towards a rapid and realistic deployment of storage technologies.

In November 2016, the publication of the Clean Energy for All Europeans Package marked an important shift for the energy storage industry. The European Commissionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s proposed legislative and non-legislative proposals mentioned energy storage for the first time as a key element in EU energy policy.

EASE has successfully defined energy storage as a separate asset (neither generation nor consumption) and has enabled operators to own and operate energy storage within their asset portfolio. A report published by EASE and analysis firm Delta-Energy and Environment in 2020, forecasts that regardless of a decline in 2019, big things are still anticipated in Europe's energy storage sector in the near future.

Dr Rachid Yazami

Founding Director & CTO - KVI Holdings, Research Director at CNRS Rachid Yazami is a Moroccan scientist better known for his invention of the lithium graphite anode in 1979-80, which is used in the lithium batteries of most cellphones today. He is also the founder and CTO of KVI PTE Ltd., a startup in Singapore dedicated to battery life and safety enhancement for mobile electronics, large energy storage, and EV applications.

In 1981 he developed the graphite oxide and graphite fluoride cathode materials for lithium batteries, and later went on to develop metal chloride intercalated graphite materials for rechargeable lithium batteries in 1983.

He followed it with two-dimensional magnetic materials studies in 1984.

Post the completion of his PhD, Yazami worked at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), in Franceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Grenoble Institute of Technology, where served as the Research Associate and Director for 33 years and rose to become Research Director at the Centre.

In 2007, he founded CFX battery, Inc. (now Contour Energy Systems), a primary and rechargeable lithium and fluoride battery startup in Azusa, California. Yazami has been a visiting associate in materials science and chemistry at Caltech for ten years, and in 2010, he joined the Nanyang Technological University (NTU) in Singapore as a visiting professor in materials science. There his work centered around lithium batteries and future beyond lithium battery technologies, including liquid anode alkali metal-air and fluoride-ion batteries.

In his career spanning 40 years, he is listed as an inventor on more than 140 patents related to battery technology, including nano-Si- and nano-Ge-based anodes for ultra-high rate charge lithium batteries, the lithium-carbon fluoride battery for space and medical applications, and more recently liquid anodes.

In 2014, the National Academy for Engineering awarded Akira Yoshino, John Goodenough, Yoshio Nishi, and Rachid Yazami with the Charles Stark Draper Prize for Engineering, considered the equivalent of a Nobel for engineers, and recognized his work in the development of the graphite anode.

He has co-authored more than 250 papers on batteries and their materials and systems.

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Dr Rahul Walawalkar

Founder & President - India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA) President & MD - Customized Energy Solutions India Pvt Ltd Rahul Walawalkar is president of the India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA), Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s only alliance dedicated to the advancement of advanced energy storage, microgrids and e-mobility technologies. He is also the President and MD of Customized Energy Solutions India based in Pune, where he leads the Emerging Technologies and Markets team with focus on energy storage, renewables, demand response and smart grid technologies. An engineer by vocation and champion for clean energy and advanced energy storage, Walawalkarâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s vision is to make India a global hub for R&D, manufacturing, and adoption of advanced energy storage and EV technologies.

Walawalkar has been instrumental in providing inputs for demand response, energy storage and smart grid policy to government agencies in India as well as in the U.S. He has provided inputs to several multilateral agencies such as the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), International Energy Agency (IEA) and Asian Development Bank (ADB). He has served as an expert evaluator for US Department of Energy for various smart grid and energy storage demonstration projects in the US during 2009-12.

In 2012, Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission (MERC) nominated him as chairperson of working group on integrating renewable energy sources, microgrids and energy storage as part of Smart Grid Coordination Committee.

In June 2013, he was also nominated as member of national taskforce for integration of electricity from renewable energy sources in the grid during the 12th Plan by Central Electricity Authority and Ministry of Power, Government of India. In May 2014, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) nominated him on the standing committee for energy storage and hybrids.

He has served as board member for Energy Storage Association, USA during 2009-15 and currently serves as Chair for Global Energy Storage Alliance (GESA). He was recognized with India Smart Grid Forum (ISGF) Presidentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Award in 2018, and also the Energy Storage Crusader Award from Renewable Energy India Expo in 2017.

Rakesh Malhotra

Founder - LivGuard Energy Technologies Rakesh Malhotra founded LivGuard Energy Technologies Pvt Ltd, a company that has established itself as a strong player in the energy solution space in India and as one of the fastest growing global brands.

Founded in 2014, LivGuard provides power generation equipment.

The Company offers automotive batteries, inverters, stabilizers, and residential solar solutions. The brand operates under the SAR Group, which had earlier sold its power backup solutions brand Luminous to French engineering company Schneider Electric in 2013.

Malhotra has a robust zeal for brilliant ideas and is blessed with an entrepreneurial acumen and laser-sharp focus. He aims to be a global leader in energy storage products driven by innovative technology and excellence in manufacturing and services.

Over the last 30 years he has worked with businesses and companies from around the world in diverse areas covering power, energy storage, renewable energy, EVs, engineering services, KPO, telecommunications and energy efficiency. He has started and invested in over 15 startup ventures over the years, and is currently involved in mentoring many startups in India and Singapore and likes to interact with engineering and B school students to develop their interest in entrepreneurship.

A graduate from Jadavpur University India in Electronics & Telecom Engineering, he started his career in 1983 at NELCO (Tata Group) followed by Mitsui and Siemens. In 1985 he founded his first venture called Oak Power Systems, which sought to develop the power situation in India by designing and marketing India's first offline UPS system for PCs. Later, he started his innings with Luminous Power Technologies. Moving on towards many paths, his driving force remains his innovative spirit to add something extra to his products backed by extraordinary services. | September-October 2020

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Dr Ramchandra Naidu Galla Founder - Amara Raja Group

Ramchandra Naidu Galla is an Indian businessman, and founder and Chairman of Amara Raja Group of companies. He started his business in 1985, and since then Galla has expanded the business into a large conglomerate, which today includes six companies encompassing 14 businesses and a revenue exceeding $1 billion.

Amara Raja Batteries Ltd (ARBL), one of the Group’s six companies is a leading manufacturer of lead-acid batteries for both industrial and automotive applications in the Indian battery storage industry. The company manufacturers automotive batteries and home UPS/inverter batteries under the brands Amaron and PowerZone.

In India, ARBL is the preferred supplier to major telecom service providers, telecom equipment manufacturers, the UPS sector (OEM and replacement), Indian Railways and to the power, oil, and gas among other industry segments. Beyond Indian markets, ARBL products are also exported to most of the countries on the Indian Ocean Rim. Amara Raja's Industrial Battery Division comprises brands such as PowerStack, Amaron Volt, Amaron Sleek, Amaron Volt Amaron Brute and Amaron Quanta.

In June 2020, ARBL signed an agreement with Gridtential Energy to collaborate on bipolar battery technology.

Under the technology evaluation agreement, the two companies will assemble and test Silicon Joule bipolar reference batteries using Amara Raja’s active material to determine improvements in cycle life, energy density, battery efficiency, charging rates and manufacturability.

Galla has several notable awards and achievements for his contributions to the industry. He was presented the ‘Best Entrepreneur of the Year Award’ in 1998 by the Hyderabad Management Association. He has also been conferred with ‘The Spirit of Excellence’ award by the Academy of Fine Arts, Tirupati.

He established the Krishna Devaraya Educational and Cultural Association (KECA), a charitable trust that provides educational scholarships to poor students, and Rajanna Trust and Mangal Trust that work towards making water accessible to communities living in remote Indian villages.

Randall MacEwen

President and CEO - Ballard Power Systems Randall MacEwen has been the President, CEO and a member of the board of directors of Ballard Power since October 2014. He has held executive roles in clean energy companies for over 15 years, including in fuel cells and solar.

Ballard Power Systems is a Canada-based proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell products designer. Its power product markets are heavyduty motive, portable power, material handling and backup power. It offers technology solutions that include engineering services and the license and sale of its intellectual property and fundamental knowledge, for a variety of fuel cell applications.

The company is well-established with 40 years of experience in manufacturing fuel cell products. Besides road vehicles, Ballard delivers fuel cells also for trains, mining trucks, marine applications and backup power systems for critical infrastructure such as mobile towers. It is also into development of a fuel cell system for application in drones.

Ballard is working with Siemens to develop a 200kW fuel cell engine for integration into the new Siemens Mireo train platform. It is also working with ABB on collaboration activities toward the development of megawatt-scale proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell power systems for the marine market. Early this month, Ballard Power Systems introduced fuel cell industry’s first commercial zero-emission module to power marine vessels ships.

MacEwen was Founder and MD of NextCleanTech LLC, a cleantech consulting firm, from 2009 to 2014. Before that he served as President and CEO of Solar Integrated Technologies, a rooftop solar company. In the early 2000s, he served as Executive VP - Corporate Development of Stuart Energy Systems Corp, supplier of hydrogen generation systems. He holds a Bachelor of Arts (Hon) degree from York University and a Bachelor of Law degree from the University of Western Ontario.

September-October 2020 |

40

Robert (Bob) L. Galyen

CTO - Contemporary Amperex Technology Limited (CATL) Robert Galyen is industry’s top battery and energy storage expert and currently serves as a CTO of CATL in NingDe, Fujian Province, China.

CATL is the largest manufacturer of Li-ion batteries used in EVs and high efficiency storage systems.

In his career spanning over 40 years, Galyen has gained expansive experience in battery technology, manufacturing and business operations of small (Tawas, Indy Power Systems, World Energy Labs) and large (ATL, CATL, Magna, Delphi, General Motors) corporations. In the early years of his career at Magna, Delphi and GM, he worked on the very first EV1 program powered by lead batteries.

Under Galyen’s leadership CATL grew to over 25,000 employees and secured its position as the world’s largest manufacturer of Li-ion batteries. In December 2019, Galyen joined the advisory board of Tydrolyte, a company that has exclusive global rights and was established to commercialize the novel, patent pending Tydrolyte electrolyte in lead battery and other battery applications He held the Chairmanship of SAE International Battery Standards Steering Committee for eight years with 22 Committees reporting to him, and served as a liaison to the MVC and China Automotive Advisory Councils for SAE International. He is the Chairman Emeritus and CTO of NAATBatt International, a trade association focused on the battery industry. He also serves on two non-profit organizations including the Lugar's Advisory Board for Renewable Energy at IUPUI, the Dean's Executive Advisory Council at Ball State University and the National Fire Protection Agencies Board of Advisers.

Galyen has received numerous notable awards including, SAE International's ‘Technical Standards Board Outstanding Contribution Award,’ General Motors ‘Best of the Best’ award, Automotive News ‘Electrifying 100’ award, NFPA Fire Protection Research Foundation’s ‘Foundation Medal,’ Ball State University ‘Circle of Distinction Award,’ Talent 1000 Award from Peoples Republic of China as ‘National Distinguished Expert’ in 2014 and China Friendship Award in 2015.

Prof M. Stanley Whittingham

Distinguished Professor of Chemistry- Binghamton University, New York, USA Director Chemistry - NorthEast Center for Chemical Energy Storage (NECCES) M. Stanley Whittingham is an English chemist and a leading researcher credited with the discovery of Li-ion batteries. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019 for his pioneering work in developing the Li-ion battery along with John Goodenough and Akira Yoshino.

In 1970, Whittingham developed an innovative cathode in a lithium battery and Goodenough built on the original design and developed the basis of modern Liion batteries. During those days, there was heightened interest in studying hightemperature batteries, so Whittingham started looking into mixed conductors and studying materials during his time at Stanford University, California.

Soon thereafter, he joined ExxonMobil (then Esso) where he was hired by the company as a part of its initiative to expand the reach of energy companies.

It was at Exxon’s battery technology lab, that Whittingham created the rechargeable Li-ion powered battery. The high-energy Li-ion technology today powers most consumer electronics from cell phones, laptops, to EVs and is vital in storage of renewable energy such as wind and solar power.

Whittingham currently serves as a distinguished professor of Chemistry at the Binghamton University, the state university of New York. He also serves as a professor and director of the NorthEast Center for Chemical Energy Storage (NECCES).

In June 2014, the NECCES Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) at Binghamton directed by Whittingham was awarded $12.8 million, a four-year grant by the Department of Energy (DOE) with the view to fast-track scientific inventions that’ll help build a 21st-century energy economy. Last year, DOE’s EFRC program gave an additional $3 million to NECCES for continuing critical research for two more years. Whittingham has led the charge of NECCES team since 2014 and continues to work with other scientists and engineers to develop new, improved, and affordable energy storage materials, which will have greater storage capability. | September-October 2020

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Stephen Fernands

Founder & President - Customized Energy Solutions Stephen Fernands is Founder and President of Customized Energy Solutions. Started in 1998, the company helps thousands of companies understand wholesale and retail electric and natural gas market and implement solutions through its hosted software platforms.

Fernands’s aim is to have a global presence, wherever deregulated electricity or natural gas markets exist. He is also working on substantially accelerating the commercial application of new energy technologies and free energy market structures. The key goal is to exemplify the highest level of energy information technology and services available to clients globally.

Fernands has led the expansion of CES from a mid-Atlantic based energy services firm to one that provides comprehensive solutions throughout the U.S., Canada, Mexico, India, and Japan. In 2010, CES opened its office in India, where it aims to spearhead integration of technologies such as energy storage, microgrids, and smart grids to Indian consumers.

CES is an energy advisory and service company that works closely with Clients to navigate the wholesale and retail electricity markets across the United States and globally. It offers software solutions, back office operational support, and advisory and consulting services focused on asset optimization and energy market participation efficiency.

CES is also a third-party asset manager of approximately 10,000MW of renewable and conventional generation resources across all ISOs in the US and Ontario, Canada.

INC magazine ranked CES as one of the fastest growing companies in the U.S. from 2005 through 2015, and in 2008 it was the 15th fastest growing private company in the energy industry.

Takeshi Uchiyamada Chairman - Toyota Motor Corporation

Takeshi Uchiyamada is a Japanese business executive and Chairman of Toyota Motor Corp. He is popularly also referred to as the ‘father of Prius’, for leading the development of Toyota Motor‘s Prius hybrid car.

The automotive industry veteran has been associated with Toyota for more than 50 years. With a background in applied physics, he joined Toyota Motor Corporation immediately after graduation in April 1969.

He held several key positions during his time at Toyota, but he led the most notable project when he became the chief engineer responsible for the team that created the first-generation Prius―the world's first mass-produced gasoline-electric hybrid car.

An experienced vehicle engineer, Uchiyamada is reckoned as an engineer who opened the road to the future of automobiles through advanced hybrid technology. After being named to the Board of Directors in June 1998, he oversaw the Vehicle Development Center 3 and gradually rose through several key positions and ranks.

In June 2001, he became the managing director and chief officer of the Overseas Customer Service Operations Center and was also appointed chief officer of the Vehicle Engineering Group in June 2003. In June 2004, he became chief officer of the Production Control & Logistics Group, and in June 2005, he became the Executive Vice President. Uchiyamada was appointed Vice Chairman of the board of directors in June 2012, and then Chairman in June 2013.

Beyond TMC, Uchiyamada serves as the Director of JTEKT Corp and Director of MITSUI and Co. Ltd. In 2015, he was awarded the Medal with Blue Ribbon by the government of Japan. The award recognizes individuals who have done meritorious deeds and also to those who have achieved excellence in their field of work. the Blue Ribbon Award in particular is conferred on individuals who have made significant achievements in the areas of public welfare or public service.

September-October 2020 |

42

Toshiaki Higashihara President, CEO & Director - Hitachi Ltd

Higashihara joined Hitachi in 1977, and was appointed Vice President and Executive Officer in 2007. Since then his growth in the company has progressed steadily. In 2016 he succeeded Hiroaki Nakanishi as the CEO of Hitachi. This appointment came at a time when Hitachi had redefined itself after a major governance overhaul and restructuring. Nakanishi has been credited for bringing in the defining change, and Higashihara has since strengthened the company’s commitment to focus on core strengths and evolve.

Hitachi has long been involved in activities extending from research and development to system integration, in addition to manufacturing materials for energy storage devices and batteries for industrial and automotive applications. Hitachi deals with a wide range of systems and can configure economical solutions for specific applications by optimizing the best energy storage system for a given application. These include advanced lead-acid batteries, which can store relatively large amounts of energy, and lithium-ion batteries, which can deliver a high level of output over a short period.

In 2018, Hitachi made its biggest overseas acquisition - ABB’s power grids business for around $6.4 billion. The company has combined ABB’s strengths with its digital technology to build an energy platform that contributes to innovating the energy business.

Expanding beyond the energy sector, Hitachi ABB Power Grids Ltd. is planning to supply solutions to various industrial fields. Combining them with Hitachi’s Lumada and other digital technologies, the company has set its sights on business expansion into fields other than energy, such as mobility, lifestyle, and industry.

Hitachi's Social Innovation Business combines Hitachi's OT, IT and products to create new value and resolve social issues. In the future, this system will not only play a role in the stabilization of the electrical grid in Japan, which is expected to introduce large amounts of renewable energy, but will also find application in small-scale power grids and microgrids on islands that need energy storage.

Trevor Milton

Founder and CEO - Nikola Motor Company Trevor Milton is an American businessman, who founded the Nikola Motor Company in 2014, in Arizona, U.S., with the goal of transforming and disrupting the transportation industry in America. A pioneer of zero-emission trucks, Nikola offers both pure electric and hydrogen electric powertrains across multiple applications. It also designs and manufactures energy storage systems and electric vehicle drivetrain components.

Milton’s mission has been to build locomotive semi-trucks as their powertrain is more efficient and reduces carbon emissions. He credits his vision’s roots to his early years where he had access to trains in Las Vegas on account of his father’s job. One day, an engineer showed young Milton how a locomotive ran on electricity that was generated by the diesel engines, the man noted that one day someone will build a locomotive semi-truck. Mr. Milton has described that as his ‘lightbulb’ moment and since then has been driven to build a locomotive semi-truck.

A serial entrepreneur, Nikola is the sixth company founded by him. As per reports, the company aims to get thousands of futuristic hydrogen-powered trucks on the road throughout the 2020s that can travel up to 750 miles between fueling stations that it plans to build and operate. Orders are already backlogged for 14,000 fuel cell trucks to the tune of $10 billion, and customers like Anheuser Busch have already ordered 800 trucks which the company expects to start delivering by 2021.

Nikola can make about $750,000 or more in revenue per truck which is almost five times what the competitors could make per truck. This is because the company includes the fuel with the electric truck that the company owns and manufactures. Reports suggests, each truck will be leased for seven years with 1 million miles of fuel and maintenance included. Nikola is also making headways beyond trucks. It is considered a pioneer in electric off-road and powersport applications. Nikola Powersports currently designs electric Off Highway Vehicles (OHVs) and personal watercrafts for commercial and military markets. | September-October 2020

43

Tristan Grimbert

President-CEO - EDF Renewables Tristan Grimbert leads EDF Renewables’ activities throughout North America, overseeing three primary business lines: grid-scale power, asset optimization, and distributed solutions. His tenure began in 2004 as President and COO. He was appointed CEO in July 2008 and later that same year was named CEO of both the Canada and Mexico subsidiaries, leading the expansion into both countries from the North American headquarters in San Diego, California.

Under Grimbert’s leadership, North American operations have experienced significant growth, emerging as one of the most respected and successful renewable energy companies in the industry.

Grimbert has been instrumental in the growth of the company; overseeing a fourteen-fold increase in revenues since 2004. The U.S. portfolio consists of 13GW of developed projects. The company launched project development in Canada in 2007, and today, EDF Renewables Canada boasts 1.9GW of wind and solar in development or operation. In the 16 years since he joined EDF Renewable Energy, Tristan has administered a five-fold increase in revenues for the clean energy company EDF Renewables has signed a contract for a 200MW solar + storage 180 MW / 4 hr. project in Nevada. The organization is providing the State of Nevada with solutions to help it meet its decarbonization goals. The solar and storage system at the Chuckwalla project gives a solid guarantee of electricity supply during the evening demand peak. This latest project forms part of EDF’s Electricity Storage Plan, which aims to develop 10GW in new electricity storage resources globally by 2035. In 2018, EDF Renewables North America and Shell New Energies US formed a joint-venture company – Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind, LLC to develop a lease area located off the coast of New Jersey. The company has also partnered with Masdar for eight renewable energy projects in the U.S.

Urban Windelen

Executive Director - Bundesverband Energiespeicher Systeme e.V. (BVES) [German Energy Storage Systems Association] Urban Windelen is Executive Director of the BVES Bundesverband Energiespeicher Systeme e.V., the German Energy Storage Systems Association. Windelen is a lawyer and has gained many years of national and international experience in the energy industry before he took the lead of the BVES in 2015. Since then, the association has grown rapidly to its current membership of more than 200.

As head of the BVES he successfully leads the work of the association for the system-oriented and market-driven development of the different energy storage technologies and the energy system. The association advocates fair political and legal framework conditions that enable the energy storage market to grow strongly.

Windelen has been able to achieve numerous successes at German and European level. Among the most outstanding achievements are the recognition of energy storage as a fourth pillar of the energy system (most recently in the EU Clean Energy Package and EU Green Deal), facilitations for sector coupling in Germany and for multi-use applications in Germany.

The legal clarification after the prevention of the so-called ‘NABEG’ amendment that power-to-X technologies will not be charged with grid fees for power conversion, or the amendment of §61 EEG 2017 in favor of the mixed use of energy storage facilities are examples of the breakthroughs at the German level, so that energy storage facilities can better tap their full potential for the energy system.

At the EU level, Windelen has done an outstanding job in enabling the introduction of a definition of energy storage for all EU member states via the EU Clean Energy Package. He successfully supported the focus shift to hydrogen as an energy storage medium and the possibilities for CO2 reduction with flexible sector coupling within the EU hydrogen strategy. He has given the users of energy storage systems from trade and industry a loud voice in the European Industrial Strategy, and recently successfully advocated the strengthening of prosumers in the EU Clean Energy Package, to name a few milestones.

September-October 2020 |

44

Vinod Khosla

Founder, Khosla Ventures Vinod Khosla is an Indian American entrepreneur, investor and technologist.

He is the founder of Khosla Ventures, a firm focused on assisting entrepreneurs to build impactful new energy and technology companies.

Khosla is one of the investors in the Breakthrough Energy Ventures (BEC) group led by Microsoft-co-founder Bill Gates that aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to almost zero by financing emerging clean energy technology.

BEC was launched alongside Mission Innovation, a multi-billion clean energy research and development initiative on the opening day of the UN climate change summit in Paris.

Khosla Ventures invested an additional $15 million in series B funding round of Liquid Metal Battery Corporation (LMBC), an early-stage company working to develop and commercialize a new battery technology that will revolutionize grid-scale electricity storage. By decoupling power supply and power demand, the LMB will enable widespread use of sustainable energy sources and development of more efficient power systems. LightSail Energy, a developer of breakthrough energy storage technology incubated by Khosla Ventures raised $37.3 million in series D funding led by San Francisco investor Peter Thiel.

Khosla’s goals in funding new ventures are: ‘work and learn from fun and knowledgeable entrepreneurs, build impactful companies by leveraging innovation and spend time with a partnership that makes a difference’.

Khosla did electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi, and went to the U.S. to get a master’s degree in biomedical engineering from Carnegie Mellon University. His startup dreams led him to Silicon Valley, where he received a master’s degree in business administration from the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. He is a charter member of The Indus Entrepreneurs (TiE), a non-profit global network of entrepreneurs and professionals that was founded in 1992 and has more than 40 chapters in nine countries today. He is also a founding board member of the Indian School of Business (ISB).

Wang Chuanfu Chairman and CEO - BYD

Wang Chuanfu founded BYD Co Ltd in 1995 as a rechargeable battery manufacturing factory. The diversified business conglomerate headquartered in Shenzhen, is into batteries, energy storage, EV manufacturing, solar PV, rail transit, and electronics.

Wang’s technical acumen and foresight caught the exploding mobile boom in’90s when BYD started manufacturing cell phone batteries. Then, the company did a strategic entry into the laptop battery market. Within ten years BYD became the fourth largest manufacturer worldwide for rechargeable batteries.

Today, BYD is the world’s leading producer of rechargeable batteries: NiMH, Liion and NCM batteries. It has 3GE-scale lithium battery factories with a goal to reach 60GWh annual production of batteries by 2020. Relying on the advanced iron-phosphate battery technology, the company can meet the requirements for energy storage, peak-load shifting and peak load/frequency regulation.

BYD has developed a new business model know as PV+storage which has significantly reduced the cost of solar module production. BYD PV supplies products with a service life of up to 50 years and power degradation down to 0.3 percent to more than 30 countries and regions in six continents.

Wang is dedicated to creating a truly zero-emission ecosystem through electrification of fleet and commercial vehicles. BYD’s commercial vehicles cover ten market segments: buses, coaches and battery-electric taxis; logistics, construction and sanitation vehicles; vehicles for warehousing, port, airport and mining operations.

BYD India was established in 2007 in Chennai. It is stepping up its engagement in India in the entire electric mobility chain and electronics. It plans to expand to manufacture electric buses by almost tripling the capacity and stepping up its battery assembly line.

BYD in a joint venture with Goldstone Electra set up a manufacturing plant in Telangana with 35 percent localizations as per FAME scheme for supply of electric buses in India. It recently launched the all-new pure electric T3 MPV (multipurpose vehicle) and T3 minivan in the Indian market. | September-October 2020

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Yet-Ming Chiang

Professor - Massachusetts Institute of Technology Yet-Ming Chiang has been instrumental in the development of new materials for energy storage, transfer, and power for different devices and vehicles. Apart from being a professor at MIT, he is also Chief Scientist at Form Energy - a company that develops long-duration grid storage solution, and at 24M Technologies - a company that is re-inventing lithium-ion battery design and manufacturing.

Chiang aims to transform energy production and delivery through high value, low-cost energy storage solutions that significantly improve the operational reliability, economics and efficiency of electric power systems.

His research has majorly impacted the transportation sector, as the global demand for lithium-ion automotive batteries continues to grow. He believes that affordable energy storage is a critical factor in enabling a sustainable, clean and thriving future for the planet.

After becoming the youngest tenured professor in the history of the Department of Material Sciences and Engineering in 1990, Chiang accomplished a breakthrough in lithium-ion batteries that led to a new generation of batteries with exceptional power, safety and life. He has published more than 280 scientific articles and holds more than 80 U.S. patents.

He has received The Economist’s ‘Innovation Award’ (Energy and the Environment category), the Electrochemical Society’s Battery Division’s ‘Battery Technology Award’, the Materials Research Society’s Plenary Lectureship, R&D 100 and R&D100 Editor’s Choice Awards, and the American Ceramic Society’s Corporate Achievement, Ross Coffin Purdy, R.M. Fulrath, and F.H. Norton Awards.

He has co-founded six companies to commercialize research from his laboratory, and serves on numerous government and academic advisory committees and study panels. In 1987, he co-founded American Superconductor Corporation, which today manufactures high-temperature superconductor wire products and wind energy equipment.

Chiang brought his MIT research on nanoscale olivine cathodes to commercial impact by co-founding A123 Systems in 2001. The company pioneered a new category of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LFP) with improved power, safety, and life compared with previous technology.

Zhenhua (Johnson) Yu

Chairman - China Energy Storage Alliance (CNESA) Johnson Yu has been a key player in China's escalating energy storage industry, first beginning in 2006 when his vanadium flow battery (VRF) company was awarded the tender in one of the world's largest projects of its kind - the Zhangbei Hybrid Wind and Solar Pilot Demonstration.

His next venture provided ancillary services to China's national grid operator State Grid. It was during this time he also instituted the China Energy Storage Alliance (CNESA), that works diligently with Chinese industry leaders and government agencies, and cooperates with foreign companies and alliance organization partners. The CNESA is presently organized into four divisions: its alliance members, experts committee, research think tank, and financial services assistance.

The mission of the Alliance is to influence government policy in order to encourage healthy growth of renewables through the use of competitive and reliable energy storage systems.

China’s energy storage market is starting to take off. The opportunities are staggering: as per industry research, China’s advanced energy storage market will reach $8.7 billion by 2025.

Energy storage applications in China can be categorized into grid-side, behind-the-meter, renewable integration, and ancillary services applications, with the behind-the-meter market leading primarily. This accounted for 44 percent of new capacity in 2019. Renewables integration, ancillary services, and grid-side applications were nearly equal in terms of new capacity added in 2019, at 17 percent, 20 percent, and 19 percent, respectively.

China’s energy storage industry is currently in a transitional stage, where we are seeing a move from primarily demonstration projects to more commercialized projects.

September-October 2020 |

ENERGY STORAGE

46

The world of energy storage: Rebooting the normal The world crossed 10.9GW of installed capacity of energy storage by the end of 2019. As battery energy storage continues to effectively integrate high shares of solar and wind in the power systems and EV uptake grows, energy storage will be foundational for a modern, clean, and reliable future.

E

nergy storage as a technology has evolved significantly over the last one decade. The technology, which up until a few years ago was dominated primarily by pumped storage, has seen entrants of many more competent technologies in the value chain. In terms of cumulative installed capacity, the world crossed 10.9GW of installed capacity by the end of 2019. China, Korea, Germany and USA remain the leaders in the race. In Korea, the main demand is seen coming from Commercial and Industrial segment behind-the-meter (BTM) markets, while in China the main demand enabler is grid-scale

storage for RE integration and optimization. Japan, presently the global market leader in BTM sales sees continuous growth in the market (policy rewards the export of self-produced power to the grid), whereas in the US which has set short-term gridscale targets of more than 20GW has witnessed growth in connection to achieving the same. California has been a pioneer in the game (> 10,000 BTM installations-citing grid resilience and wildfires). Europe has also shown promising growth with strong long-term support and defining storage as entity separate from generation.

Energy Storage Deployment by Sector | 2014 ‐ 2019 4

12 10.5 10

Installed Capacity (GW)

3 8

7.4

2

6 4.1

1

4

2.4 2

1.1 0.4 2014

2015

2016 Grid Scale

2017

Behind the Meter

2018

Cumulative Capacity

400

900 790

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200

200 370

400 280

0

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15

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23

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35

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Annual Production Capacity. (GWh)

53

2015

73

180

150

135

103

2016

2017

Lithium Ion Cell Price. ($/kWh)

| September-October 2020

200 100

2018

2019

0

Lithium Ion Cell Pric ($/kWh)

0

Growth projection

Strong expansion of renewables, advantage of scale of economics in batteries from EV adoption, demandside management and strong policy incentives are the key drivers in the forecast. Going by forecasts, from around 10.5GW at the end of 2019, global installation is projected to see an exponential rise to reach 1100GW by the end of 2040. The top applications include – peak demand supply, energy shifting with RE integration, ancillary services and BTM markets. In terms of market, the most significant growth is projected for India, Germany, Latin America, South-east Asia, France, Australia, and the UK. The drop in prices of lithiumion batteries have been the talk of the decade, making it the market leader in terms of deployment of energy storage technologies as on today. The last decade saw a decrease of 87 percent in cell level prices. Today, the average price is around $135/kWh. This is expected to reach below $100/kWh by 2025. This drop of prices comes from the increased penetration and application of Li-ion batteries in EVs which forms the major portion of the demand pie along with the emerging market for Li-ion batteries in the stationary storage arena.

As seen from the graph, the total manufacturing capacity of cells was around 350GWh by the end of 2019, and the same is projected for another exponential increase with many prominent players entering the market along with established players like Samsung, Contemporary Amperex Technology, Panasonic, LG Chem to name a few. According to Bloomberg New Energy Finance, as of the beginning of 2019, China was producing 73

47 Global Top 10 Energy Storage Projects - Electro-Chemical Technology 120

100

100

Power Rating (MW)

80 68 60 50 40

40

40 34

32

31.5

31.5

36

20

0

Hornsdale Power Germany Kyushu Electric ‐ Minami‐Soma Nishi‐Sendai Rokkasho Village Reserve 100MW / Residential Energy Buzen Substation ‐ Substation ‐ Substation ‐ Wind Farm ‐ 129MWh Tesla Storage Systems Mitsubishi Electric Tohoku Electric / Tohoku Electric / Futamata Wind Battery / NGK Insulators Toshiba Toshiba Development Australia

Germany

percent of all lithium-ion batteries globally, followed by the US with 12 percent. The forecasted installed capacity of the battery storage systems will increase 122 times by 2040. It will reach 1100GW while a total capacity, not considering pumped hydro, will reach 2850GWh.

ES technologies

The energy storage space predominantly has been dominated by pumped storage with the largest installation (operational) sized at 3GW in Virginia, US. There are other technologies, too, that have gained ground. One such is the flywheel project in the State of Oxfordshire in the UK, constructed in 2006, supplying 400MW of power from two flywheels.

The other is the biggest compressed air project by Bethel Energy Centre of rated capacity of 317 MW in Texas, US. Other technologies like thermal storage has also seen significant installations with the largest installation at Solana solar generation plant of 280 MW capacity in Arizona, US built in 2013. Besides these technologies which are quite mature in the energy storage domain when we talk about electro-chemical energy storage technologies, we have witnessed significant growth in the last decade.

The graph below shows the top ten projects utilizing electro-chemical modes of energy storage technology

AES Laurel Mountain

Beech Ridge Wind Grand Ridge Storage 31.5 MW Energy Storage 31.5 MW

Japan

Notrees Battery Storage Project ‐ Duke Energy

United States

across the world, with the largest of such projects being in Australia, the Hornsdale Power Reserve Project of 100 MW capacity for 1.28 hrs.

The same is now also approved for expansion. Along with these there have been some bigger projects which have been announced, one such is from Dalian, China, which will be the largest vanadium flow battery in the world with a 200MW/800MWh capacity. It is being developed by Rongke Power Co. Ltd. and UniEnergy Technologies (UET). If the regulatory bodies give permission in 2020, Strata Solar will build a 100MW/400MWh energy storage station in Oxnard, California.

The project is expected to start in December and will be connected to the largest system of lithium-ion batteries in the world.

Pacific Gas and Electric has secured permission from local regulator for construction of the largest battery system in the world. Its capacity will reach 567.5MW/2270MWh. The system will include four separate projects. The first one will be built by Vistra Energy at the existing power station and have the capacity of 300MW/1200MWh. The other project built by Tesla and operated by PG&E will provide 182.5MW/730MWh from the local substation. All projects are expected to be commissioned by the end of 2020. They will replace three peak gas-powered stations.

RE plus storage

One of the major areas that has witnessed significant growth is the integration of storage along with renewables across the grid. RE with storage makes a very strong proposition as storage helps in making renewables much more reliable and helps to propel further growth of renewables in the global energy grid.

With the increasing penetration of renewables, the world will also require a buffer to take care of the dynamics which renewables bring to the grid and thus energy storage becomes even more important. The same is seen as much beneficial too, as with renewables the overall cost of storage at project level is further reduced due to pooling of resources like substation, grid infrastructure, inverters, etc.

Looking into some of the largest projects of storage coupled with renewables, the same is quite well distributed across the globe (as can be seen in the world map).

The growth of integration of storage with renewables, especially solar will be a journey that will traverse faster than we can even imagine. To give an example, around one third of solar projects planned in the U.S. are coupled with storage, that itself is quite noteworthy. By the end of 2019, there were more than 367GW of solar plants in the U.S. Interconnection queues, of

September-October 2020 |

48

which 102GW (around 28 percent) are hybrids, most typically pairing photovoltaics with battery storage, and about 5 percent of the 225GW of wind projects in interconnection queues include storage (11GW).

Along with this, EDF Renewables is planning to build a 200MW solar plant with a 180 MW/720 MWh battery for Nevada utility. Many such announcements and commitments have been made over the last year. In fact, beating through the pandemic, U.S. set record installations in

battery storage in the first half of 2020. What has been noteworthy here is the decreasing PPA costs for U.S. solar with storage projects, even with increasing percentage of penetration the cost has been seeing a downward trend with 15 percent drop just in between 2018 and 2019 signed PPA prices. To give an example, A four-hour battery that is sized at roughly 25 percent of the PV capacity adds about $4/ MWh to the overall PPA price. But as the battery capacity increases to

| September-October 2020

50 percent and 75 percent of the PV capacity, the levelized storage adder increases linearly to ~$10/ MWh and ~$15/MWh, respectively.

Battery storage for EVs

Talking of energy storage, especially batteries, we need to talk of the main enabler which has made batteries, specially Li-ion so competitive with respect to its other competitors in market. More than 50 percent of the present demand of Li-ion comes from its need in EVs. Let us, therefore, focus

49

a little on what has been its impact on the global automotive sector. Today, there are more than 7 million passenger EVs on road worldwide (i.e. around 3 percent of total vehicles globally), with around 2.1 million of them added in 2019. The share of commercial EVs in this is slowly increasing with many e-commerce players shifting to EVs for deliveries, across the globe. The percentage of electric buses in the same is also showing much promise (> 500,000 today). China has been the undisputed leader in the EV frame, from manufacturing to sales. China is followed by Europe and South Korea,

with U.S. being a close fourth. Due to greater adoption and supportive government policies in the forms of incentives, subsidies and phasing out Internal Combustion Engine vehicles (13 countries and many municipalities have already announced), we see price parity coming faster in Europe, U.S., and China. Europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s CO2 regulations and Chinaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s EV Credit System makes both the countries together make up for more than 50 percent of the EV market.

hybrids EV), in the long period the share of PHEV will slowly decrease giving way for a BEV dominated front.

There are other new entrants too, like fuel cell vehicles, but projections show that FCVs can make a mark in the global vehicle share post 2030.

By 2040, FCVs can form around 1 percent of total vehicles on road. The world can have around 30 percent of its vehicles as electric (in various forms) by 2030. This also means that there will be a considerable rise in the demand for electricity with the increasing demand for EVs. BNEF report indicates that by 2040, electrification of transport can add up to 5.2 percent to global electricity demand. In terms of sales, Tesla topped the world as the best-selling EV brand in 2019, followed by BAIC and Nissan Leaf (Statista). According to EV-volumes.com, 2.21 million EVs were sold in 2019, increasing 10 percent year-on-year. And the market share of EVs grew from 2.1 percent to 2.5 percent, which means there was one EV for every 40 cars sold in the world last year. BNEF projects that by 2022, there will be around 500 EV models globally. Due to the pandemic, the 2020 sales are projected to dip to 1.7 million, but the same will pick up by 2025, reaching 8.5 million.

Overall, this sector promises to display continuous development, increase in penetration, along with a decrease in cost. This is just the beginning and this sector is yet to witness its full-fledged growth phase in the coming years. A closely linked critical development in the battery world is hydrogen. Hydrogen has been makings strides in its own game to challenge batteries in the coming years. It will all depend on how well all the technologies currently present keep updating and improvising, while remaining sustainable and competitive over the longer run.

Growth of EVs

At present, there is a mix of BEV (battery EV) and PHEV (plug-in September-October 2020 |

Debmalya Sen Senior Consultant CES

50

ENERGY STORAGE

EU energy storage prospects looking up The European Union has the opportunities to be a world-leader in the energy transition, and the energy storage sector is fully committed to support a just and cost-effective transition. Patrick Clerens, Secretary General - European Association for Storage of Energy (EASE), tells us about the increase in energy storage deployments in Europe, with the growing integration of renewables.

A

decade ago, energy storage – with the exception of pumped hydro storage - was viewed as a niche technology, too costly and the necessity not visible in the then electricity system. Today, it is considered one of the key ingredients of the low-carbon energy system, characterised by very high shares of renewables, decentralization, citizens’ participation, and digitization.

The transition from an energy system dominated by centralized fossil fuel generation that can be dispatched to match energy consumption at all times, to a system with more and more renewables requires an increasing availability of energy storage solutions It should be able to decouple generation and consumption by storing excess energy and discharging it when there is too little generation or too much demand.

The age of storage

Given the immense value of storage in helping integrate increasing share of renewables, it is no surprise that storage deployments are quickly increasing too. According to data collected by the European Commission in a study published in May 2020 on the energy storage contribution to the security of the electricity supply in Europe, total operational energy storage capacity reached around 52GW in early 2020 across the EU-27 and the UK. A further 36GW of storage capacity has been announced, is under construction, or has been authorized.

In the fourth European Market Monitor on energy storage, EASE and Delta-ee foresaw a 30 percent increase in annual electrical energy storage deployments across Europe in 2020 compared to 2019. Due to the impacts that COVID-19 had on all sectors in 2020, this level of deployment might not be reached, nonetheless, it is undoubtful that the age of storage has only just begun.

Comprehensive approach to energy storage

Patrick Clerens

The EU is investing heavily in clean energy technologies using many instruments and funding sources, and the Commission’s COVID-19 Recovery Plan proposal foresees a significant amount of investments in clean energy technologies.

Likewise, the European Parliament has recognized energy storage, in July 2020, as a key topic in the political agenda with the adoption of a ‘Comprehensive European Approach to Energy Storage’, a report that stresses the importance | September-October 2020

of adopting a comprehensive, technologically neutral and holistic approach to the issue of energy storage.

Targeted investments can speed up energy storage research, development, and deployment.

Across all energy storage technologies, RD&I can achieve further cost reductions and increase efficiency, energy density, system integration, etc. This will be particularly important to develop the next generation of battery technologies to meet the rising need for stationary storage and EVs. Aside from reducing cost, research is targeted towards achieving better sustainability and recyclability, reducing dependence on critical raw materials, and improving battery management systems. Investments are also needed for power-to-x technologies, both power-to-gas and thermal energy storage. These solutions can provide longerduration storage (weeks or even months) while supporting sector integration.

In addition to supporting the development and deployment of the technologies themselves, these efforts can also help build valuable know-how among European researchers, boost manufacturing capacities, and enhance the competitiveness of European companies. Targeted investments are particularly important to ensure a just energy transition – facilitating the decarbonization of fossil fueldependent regions as well as islands and remote areas.

The overall goal should be to make the EU a world leader in clean energy technologies such as storage, building up a

51 toolbox of cost-effective flexibility options while leaving no region or citizen behind.

Overcoming barriers

Even if the European Union has introduced key, innovative pieces of legislation such as the Clean Energy Package, to support the sector, storage-related regulation still lags behind and in certain cases can even be contradictory.

Market-wise, crucial flexibility services needed for system integration do not exist yet, and tariffs are not aligned with the actual cost that storage solutions induce to the grid. Consequently, despite the fact that energy storage stabilizes the system, reduces costs and guarantees a sound supply of energy; it is still excessively subject to grid fees, tariffs and taxation system. This means that stored energy often needs to pay twice, but is being consumed only once.

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52

ENERGY STORAGE

US grand challenge to accelerate energy storage development U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) nominates Group 14 Technologies as a winner of the Energy Storage Grand Challenge 2020. The company will receive $3.96 million to integrate bestin-class synergistic technologies, delivering batteries that will meet the performance objectives for future EVs.

G

roup14 - a provider of silicon-carbon composite materials for global lithium-ion (Li-ion) markets - along with its project partner Cabot Corp, was nominated for its innovative approach designed to deliver cost-effective, application-specific performance range across diverse markets, including EVs, consumer electronics, medical devices, and aerospace.

They will work together with Farasis, Silatronix, Arkema, and Pacific Northwest National Laboratories to commercialize this novel approach to meet the demand for higherperformance batteries.

"Today, we are in the midst of a global movement toward the electrification of everything, from tiny medical devices and electronics to every possible flavor of transportation, including light and medium personal vehicles, heavy-duty transit, and beyond. The lynchpin in that global megatrend is Li-ion storage that is flexible enough to deliver reliable, highquality performance as we pursue an electrified future," says Rick Luebbe, Co-founder and CEO Group14 Technologies.

Group14 shares the DOEâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s vision to increase the energy density,

(Image for representation only)

| September-October 2020

calendar life, and cycle life of Li-ion batteries and is pleased that their innovative approach has been recognized. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Globally, we have seen an increase in demand for longerlasting, higher-performance Li-ionpowered devices and vehicles, and with this funding, we are shaping the leading edge of what is possible,â&#x20AC;?

Mr. Luebbe added.

"We are pleased to play a key role in this project by capitalizing on our breadth and depth of experience in energy materials while leveraging our broad range of carbons to improve the performance of Li-ion batteries," said Shen Yi, Vice

53

DAN BROUILLETTE Secretary of the U.S. Department of Energy

“Through this grand challenge, we will deploy the department’s extensive resources and expertise to address the technology development, commercialization, manufacturing, valuation, and workforce challenges to position the U.S. for global leadership in the energy storage technologies of the future.” tuned to the ideal electrochemical properties per given use case.

DOE invested in energy storage R&D to motivate significant technology progress, enhancing U.S. competitiveness in global markets.

Through an array of programs offices that supervise energy storage research and development (R&D), DOE has stirred significant progress in energy storage over the past several decades.

In the last three years (FY17-19), DOE has capitalized over $1.2 billion into energy storage R&D, or $400 million per year, on average instituting an agency-wide, long-term strategy to address energy storage.

Announced in January 2020 by U.S. Secretary of Energy Dan Brouillette, the Energy Storage Grand Challenge (ESGC) is an inclusive program to accelerate the development, commercialization, and utilization of next-generation energy storage.

The vision for the Energy Storage Grand Challenge is to create and sustain global leadership in energy

RICK LUEBBE Co-Founder and CEO, Group14 Technologies

SHEN YI Vice President and General Manager for Energy Materials, Cabot Corp.

“Group14 shares the DOE’s vision to increase the energy density, calendar life, and cycle life of Li-ion batteries and we are pleased with the recognition for our innovative approach to a long-time challenge.”

“We are pleased to play a key role in this project by capitalizing on our breadth and depth of experience in energy materials while leveraging our broad range of carbons to improve the performance of Li-ion batteries.”

President and General Manager for Energy Materials - Cabot Corp.

“We respect Group14's leadership and innovation in the battery storage market and look forward to collaborating with them to push the boundaries for next-generation Li-ion batteries,” he further added.

Founded in 2015 as a spinoff from EnerG2, Group14 offers battery storage technology with a new elemental approach to produce ultra-high purity, high capacity silicon-carbon compound materials at low cost, to power the electrified world. The company’s breakthrough technology applies complex polymer chemistries to generate elegant silicon-carbon nanocomposites that accomplish the highest performing carbon anode materials.

As demand for Li-ion batteries surges not only for EVs but also for small devices and large-scale propulsion, there is an immediate market need for battery performance that can be tuned to meet ideal use-case requisites. Group14’s nanomaterials technology - Scaffold Prime - is a patented, simple carbon chemistry process that transforms ultra-high purity raw precursors into silicon-carbon material, which is then

storage utilization and exports, with a secure domestic manufacturing supply chain that does not depend on foreign sources of critical materials.

The Grand Challenge is managed by the DOE’s Research and Technology Investment Committee (RTIC), which was set up under the Department of Energy Research and Innovation Act passed by Congress in September 2018.

Leveraging resources from across the Energy Department, the grand challenge builds on the $158 million Advanced Energy Storage Initiative announced in President Trump's Fiscal Year 2020 budget request.

While R&D is the foundation of advancing energy storage technologies, the DOE recognizes that global leadership also requires addressing associated challenges.

“Energy storage is key to capturing the full value of our diverse energy resources,” expressed Secretary Brouillette, “Through this grand challenge, we will deploy the department’s extensive resources and expertise to address the technology development, commercialization, manufacturing, valuation, and workforce challenges

September-October 2020 |

54

Energy Storage Grand Challenge (ESGC) 2030 Roadmap

The vision for the ESGC 2030 is to generate and sustain U.S. global leadership in energy storage utilization and exports, with a secure domestic manufacturing base and supply chain that is independent of foreign cradles of critical materials. The Draft Roadmap provides planned activities for each of the five ESGC tracks: • Technology development: Establish ambitious, achievable performance goals, and a comprehensive R&D portfolio to achieve them • Technology transfer: Accelerate the technology pipeline from research to system design to private sector adoption through rigorous system evaluation, performance validation, siting tools, and targeted collaborations • Policy and valuation: Develop best-in-class models, data, and analysis to inform the most effective value proposition and use cases for storage technologies

• Manufacturing and supply chain: Design new technologies to strengthen U.S. manufacturing and recyclability, and to reduce dependence on foreign sources of critical materials • Workforce: Train the next generation of American workers to meet the needs of the 21st-century electric grid and energy storage value chain Additionally, the draft roadmap identifies six use cases derived from high-level energy or infrastructure goals of communities, businesses, and regions, which will be translated into a set of technology-neutral functional requirements. The ESGC usecase topics include facilitating an evolving grid, serving remote communities, electrified mobility, interdependent network infrastructure, critical services, and facility flexibility, efficiency, and value enhancement.

These broad specifications will help identify new and augmented research and development paths for a portfolio of energy storage and flexibility technologies that meet emerging needs.

The draft roadmap focuses on three key challenges, to ensure that

WE CAN STOP CORONA HELP PREVENT THE SPREAD OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES LIKE COVID-19 | September-October 2020

the U.S. sustains global leadership in energy storage: • Innovate here – How can DOE enable the U.S. to lead in energy storage R&D and retain IP developed through DOE investment in the United States?

• Make here – How can DOE work to lower the cost and energy impact of manufacturing existing technologies, and strengthen domestic supply chains by reducing dependence on foreign sources of materials and components • Deploy everywhere – How can DOE work with relevant stakeholders to develop technologies that meet domestic usage needs and enable the U.S. to not only successfully deploy technologies in domestic markets, but also export technologies?

Moulin Oza Assistant Editor ETN

Image: For Representation Only

to position the U.S. for global leadership in the energy storage technologies of the future.”

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55

56

ENERGY STORAGE

Steady policy support needed for sustainable ES growth in China The China Energy Storage Alliance (CNESA) is a non-profit grade 5A China Social Organization dedicated to the international energy storage industry.

It is committed to the healthy development of the industry through positive influence of government policy and promotion of storage applications.

George Dudley, International Engagement Manager & Research Manager – CNESA, tells ETN about China’s policy advancements, energy sector reforms and ES projects.

How do you describe the status of energy storage in your region? What are the drivers and challenges?

China’s energy storage industry is currently in a transitional stage, where we are seeing a move from primarily demonstration projects to more commercialized projects. Despite having one of the world’s largest installed energy storage capacities, energy storage in China still faces many challenges due to the lack of a market mechanism, insufficient policy support, and the need to clearly define an identity for energy storage technologies. Despite these challenges, both the grid and government regulators have begun to recognize the importance of energy storage, and we are beginning to see greater policy support at the regional and national levels.

What kind of development do you expect in 5-10 years?

With power market reforms working to create mature ancillary services and spot markets, we hope to see more opportunities for flexible resources such as storage to support the grid.

As China moves toward greater use of low-carbon energy technologies, we also hope to see greater use of energy storage as a supporting technology for renewable integration. We are also seeing new and innovative behind-themeter energy storage applications, such as integration with 5G towers, solar-storage-charging stations, data center applications, and energy storage applications for green shipping ports. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, we hope to see further policy and market support which will help create a long-term mechanism for commercialized energy storage.

What has been the progress with respect to the adoption of energy storage in the region?

China is a world leader in energy storage capacity, with over 1.7GW of operational electrochemical energy storage as of 2019 end. Applications vary by region. I&C applications are found primarily in industrial areas such as Jiangsu province, and in the commercial centers of the BeijingHebei region. Renewable integration applications are growing in the west, where large-scale solar generation is installed. Stationary energy storage capacity continues to see steady growth, but can be sensitive to sudden policy changes. China will soon see the release of its 14th five-year plan, covering the 2021-2025 period. We expect to see energy storage incorporated as part of the plan’s energy strategy, which will help promote greater use of storage at the national level.

How has the government been promoting energy projects and related R&D? 2017 saw the release of the first nationallevel policy on energy storage, the Guiding Opinions on Promoting Energy Storage Technology and Industry Development, which provided a great boost of support for energy storage technologies and applications nationwide. The policy was further expanded with a 2019-2020 Action Plan released in 2019. Policies enacted at the provincial level have also supported storage, both indirectly and directly. A notable recent example has been policies supporting solar+storage projects, as well as the ‘shared energy storage model’ launched in Qinghai last year, which allows energy storage stations paired

| September-October 2020

George Dudley

with solar PV to be freely dispatched by the grid. Though these regional and national policies have been helpful in supporting energy storage, greater policy support is still needed to create a sustainable energy storage market.

What are the key operation projects in your region?

Energy storage applications in China can be categorized into grid-side, behind-the-meter, renewable integration, and ancillary services applications. Energy storage in China has been led primarily by the behind-themeter market, which accounted for 44 percent of new capacity in 2019.

Renewable integration, ancillary services, and grid-side applications were nearly equal in terms of new capacity added in 2019, at 17 percent, 20 percent, and 19 percent, respectively.

In the future, we can expect to see continued growth in behind-the-meter storage, as well as greater growth in renewable integration projects as solar+storage and wind+storage, become increasingly popular strategies for limiting curtailment and supporting a grid with a high proportion of renewable energy.

58

POLICY

The Niti behind India Energy India’s think tank NITI Aayog has been instrumental in formulating favorable policies for the country. Not least is the recent initiative to structuralize energy storage – the key ingredient for the success of renewable energy.

N

ITI Aayog, the National Institution for Transforming India, is the premier policy think tank of the government of India, providing both direction and policy inputs. It is also the platform of the GoI to bring States to act together in the national interest, and thereby foster cooperative federalism.

Amitabh Kant is currently the CEO of NITI Aayog. He is a member of the Indian Administrative Service (Kerala Cadre: 1980 batch).

Mr Kant was instrumental in ideating the MOVE Mobility Summit in New Delhi in September 2018, organized by the NITI Aayog. Due to the rapid growth in India’s urbanization, population and wealth over the last few decades, mobility of its citizens has come under severe strain. The summit focused on electrification, alternative fuels, reinventing public transport, goods transport and logistics. Over 2200 participants from government, industry, academia, civil society, think tanks

and media set the base for a safe, clean, shared affordable, accessible and inclusive transport system.

Connect Bharat - One clear imperative for the mobility paradigm was to build Safe, Adequate and Holistic Infrastructure (SAHI) for all citizens, including women, elderly and disabled. A 3C approach, along with key pillars and enablers, if executed effectively and with holistic advancement would support India with a mobility landscape that would be clean, convenient and congestionfree. The thinking here being that mobility is what keeps the engine of life running.

At the power-packed Energy Storage India 2019 in New Delhi, Mr Kant spoke at the ‘Make in India’ session, saying: “We have proposed to the Chief Secretaries of the States that there should be no road tax for EVs and issuing green permit for EVs. When the EV revolution happens, India would be impacted in the

Amitabh Kant, CEO – NITI Aayog | September-October 2020

biggest way. These initiatives are being taken to bring the ownership cost of EVs at par with combustion Mr. Kant has been a key driver of the Make in India, Startup India, Incredible India and God’s Own Country initiatives that positioned India and Kerala State as leading manufacturing and tourism destinations.

These campaigns have won several international awards and embraced a host of activities – infrastructure development, product enhancement, private-public partnership and positioning and branding based on extensive market research. Mr Kant also conceptualized the Atithi Devo Bhavah – ‘Guest is God’ campaign to train taxi drivers, guides, immigration officials and make them stake holders in the tourism development process. He was also the National Project Director of the Rural Tourism Project of UNDP which made a paradigm shift in spreading tourism to Indian villages which are the at the heart of Indian handicrafts, handloom and culture. He has also authored a book called Branding India - An Incredible Story.

In his capacity as Secretary (Industries) GoI, Mr. Kant drove the Ease of Doing Business initiative and ranking of States on outcome parameters. He is the Chairman of the Committee to implement Digital Payment in India.

Mr. Kant has been the recipient of Economic Time Policy Change Agent of the Year Award, the Bloomberg TV Personality of the year Award, the NDTV Administrator of the year award and the Distinguished Fellowship of the Institute of Directors. He is the recipient of One Globe Award-2016 for leadership in Transforming Governance for the 21st Century. He is a Member of the Steering Board of Shaping the Future of Production Systems of World Economic Forum.

He is also the recipient of Sir Edmund Hillary Fellowship award by the Prime Minister of New Zealand.

He received the Golden Peacock Award for leadership in Economic Transformation - 2017.

59 vehicles. For India to successfully move away from fossil-fuel dependence oil companies should become the energy companies of the future.”

NITI Aayog and Rocky Mountain Institute recently released report in which Mr Kant has said, “Clean energy will be a major driver of India’s economic recovery and international competitiveness.

We must look at how to leverage our domestic innovation ecosystem to bring value to the country and industry in this new normal.

We have recommended specific actions by which India can revive two of our economic powerhouses— the transport and power sectors— and emerge stronger.”

Speaking about PM Modi’s plan to rollout an international grid project under the ‘One Sun One

World One Grid’, Mr Kant said the initiative is a path-breaking effort to position India in a leadership role in the global agenda for poverty alleviation, boosting energy access and strengthening multilateral ties. He was speaking at the ETEnergyworld Virtual Roundtable on Solar Energy Storage & Inter-Continental Grids held in June.

Anticipating the future demand for Li-ion batteries used in EVs, Mr Kant has introduced a proposal to set up domestic manufacturing of 50 GWh batteries by 2030. He has sought cabinet approval for a `7 billion annual subsidy proposal for Li-ion giga factories. The proposal to woo investors into the manufacture of battery storage with indigenous technology has been approved by the finance ministry. To

avoid monopoly, the cash subsidy limit would be 20GWh per company.

Companies bidding for the subsidies will have to opt for a minimum of 5GWh manufacturing. NITI Aayog itself will invite bids for setting up these giga factories, which will total 50GWh capacities over 10 years.

The dual goal is to indigenize manufacturing as well as lower battery costs for promotion of EVs. Mr Kant’s Policy Framework for setting up giga factories was put in place after extensive stakeholder consultation. As per the policy, companies qualify for subsidy if they achieve 60 percent indigenization by 2025, when they are expected to attain full-scale production. Additionally, any new technology that evolves over the next decade will also qualify to get a subsidy.

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60

LEADERSHIP SPEAK

Financing the frontier of energy storage Mafalda Duerte, CEO of Climate Investment Funds talks to Ashok Thakur, Chief Editor of ETN, about CIF’s financial support programs for energy storage projects in developing countries, future investment plans, and commitment to a climate-smart future through storage technologies.

What is Climate Investment Funds?

At the height of the global financial crisis in 2008, global leaders established the $8 billion Climate Investment Funds (CIF) to provide scaled-up financing for the demonstration, deployment, and transfer of low-carbon and resilient climate solutions with a significant potential for long-term transformational change. Twelve years on, CIF is a pioneer in global climate finance; mobilizing partners, opening markets, and catalyzing transformational change in more than 70 developing countries.

We are proud to be the largest source of climate finance in developing countries.

Our business model works through six multilateral development banks (The World Bank, International Finance Corporation and four regional MDBs Multilateral Development Banks) in a programmatic way across

more than 300 projects. CIF aims to test new business models, build track records in unproven markets, lay the foundation for evidencebased learning to enhance climate investments and boost investor confidence to unlock additional sources of finance. We have proven that these models work even in the most challenging economic environments, such as those found at CIF’s inception and today, in the wake of the global COVID-19 pandemic.

CIF-backed investments are attracting $60 billion in expected co-financing and delivering impressive results on the ground.

They are contributing to the generation of 25.3GW of new clean power capacity, improved energy access for 8.8 million people and over 300,000 businesses, greater climate resilience for 45.2 million people and the sustainable management of 30 million hectares of forests.

What is your financing strategy?

CIF’s strategy has been to deploy flexible, predictable and programmatic concessional capital at scale, but targeted in ways that tackle market and institutional failures and other barriers to climate action. Our business model delivers this capital by bringing together our key financiers, the MDBs. By lowering investment costs and risks, and by providing a collaborative platform for strategic and operational coordination, we have enabled MDBs to address prevailing barriers to the commercialization of new technologies, engage private investors in first-of-their kind projects and contribute to transformational change.

Further, by enabling recipient countries to draw on MDBs’ varied skill sets, CIF’s business model has demonstrated its relevance in helping to identify and address the root causes determining the need for concessional financing. So, you can see the potential for this business model to accelerate the deployment of energy storage in developing countries to ensure that clean and reliable energy are the solutions of choice for developing countries.

Why is CIF investing in energy storage now?

The world has ambitious targets on renewable energy to deliver if we are to achieve the goals set in the Paris Climate Agreement and the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. By financing energy storage, the CIF is directly contributing to those targets by ensuring that renewable energy generated can be absorbed into the grid. The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) estimates that we will need to invest $20 billion per year in batteries alone from now

Mafalda Duerte | September-October 2020

61 until 2030 if we are to get on track to meet these global goals.

Energy storage technologies are among the most promising tools we have to expand integration of renewables more effectively and with the speed and scale that the climate crisis demands.

Some storage technologies are relatively mature, but need to be scaled up, while others are still developing. Greater investment that is reliable is needed to mitigate risk, reduce costs and clear a path for expanding use and availability of these critically important technologies. In response to these significant financing needs, CIF established its new Global Energy Storage Program, which is helping develop new storage capacity in developing countries, accelerate cost reduction, support integration of variable renewable energy into grids and expand energy access for millions of people.

How does CIF financing address different types of risk, like technology or policy risk?

CIF’s financing is a powerful tool that can help accelerate the type of investments that can meet both our COVID-19 recovery aspirations and climate goals. It can help tackle upstream investment barriers like inadequate policies and regulations, or lack of capacity and advisory services for local private banks. It can also bring down the costs of new technologies, accelerate learning on the use of new financing instruments and help create markets. This lowers the risks for potential investors in climate action, whether from public or private sector or MDBs, and ultimately leads to more money being spent on this urgent mission.

For example, BloombergNEF found that in India, our model of concessional finance can help to accelerate the point at which a new wind plant becomes cheaper than running an existing gas or coal plant by as much as four years. This suggests concessional capital can have a greater impact on improving the cost-competitiveness of, for example, lithium-ion battery projects, than more mature technologies like photovoltaic and onshore

wind. These concrete examples show how we use our resources to lower the technology risk not only for batteries, but also other storage technologies.

What are some of the major investments CIF has made previously?

The transformational power of CIF investments is our work with Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) in Morocco. Prior to 2010, Morocco had no significant investment in CSP, so CIF- in partnership with the World Bank, AfDB (African Development Bank) and others - invested around $500 million in the 500 MW Noor CSP complex. Our investment helped to reduce project costs by 25 percent in Phase 1 of the project compared to financing available from commercial banks, and by a further 10 percent in phases two and three.

But that was not all. Our commitment also enabled the Moroccan Government to bring a large number of investors on board, which helped to change perceptions of risk towards investing in the technology. Morocco is now a global leader in renewable energy development and is successfully attracting foreign investment in the sector, while the CIF has supported 15 percent of current global CSP installed capacity. In addition, recent CIF investments in Noor Phase 3 included molten salt storage components, which have exceeded expectations and shown that combined CSPthermal storage can provide all-day energy with seven hours of stored electricity.

Does CIF have experience with energy storage investments beyond the Moroccan example?

CIF has a strong financing track record, with more than $400 million in existing storage investments around the world. These investments include the Noor 3 storage project I mentioned, as well as utility-scale battery projects in middle income countries and mini-grid connected batteries in low income countries like Cambodia and the Solomon Islands.

For example, CIF invested a total of $273 million through AfDB

and IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) in a new battery storage project in South Africa. In addition to installing 80MW of storage capacity, the project is projected to create more than 58,000 full-time equivalent jobs and offset cumulative emissions roughly equivalent to 9.56 MTCO2 over the 20-yr lifetime of the batteries.

The tender for that project was issued at the end of July and has received significant private sector interest.

As another example, working together with Asian Development Bank, CIF was recently able to support the first utility-scale energy storage system in Cambodia.

The project can store 16MWh of power and it also encourages Electricite du Cambodge, the Stateowned power utility, to promote inclusion and gender equality in the energy sector.

What are your plans for future investments in energy storage?

CIF’s recently approved Global Energy Storage Program (GESP) will build on our track record in energy storage and push for more innovation. The Program will utilize CIF’s unique MDB-driven business model to generate more investment into energy storage technologies like batteries, but also pumped hydro and green hydrogen. It will also stimulate investment in policy interventions, technical assistance and knowledge coordination. The Program already has $250 million in resources and we are hopeful that there is more to come. Demand for this Program is high, as we have a pipeline of over $800 million in potential investments in more than 30 countries, focusing on battery, pumped hydro and green hydrogen technologies. We expect to begin approving investments in the coming months.

September-October 2020 |

Ashok Thakur Chief Editor ETN

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ENERGY STORAGE

Up-and-coming: R&D in energy storage technologies ETN connected with Prof Yi Cui, Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at Stanford University, and Faculty Co-Director of Stanford’s StorageX initiative, to understand the institution’s aim to address gaps between academic and industrial R&D and accelerate the development and implementation of pathbreaking energy storage technologies and concepts.

In the next few years which emerging technologies, in your view, will pick up momentum?

In the next 5-10 years, it would still be lithium-based battery playing the major role in the electric transportation sector. Si anodes will be implemented as anodes co-existing with graphite anodes for increasing the energy density to about 400Wh/ kg. In the stationary storage sector, there will be non-lithium chemistries such as Ni-H2, sodium ion and redox flow coexisting with lithiumion batteries.

What kind of collaboration does your institute have with the companies working in energy storage space?

At Stanford, we have established research collaboration with the whole value chain in the energy storage space, including

Prof Yi Cui

materials supplier, battery manufacturing, automobile, energy, electric grid. The companies have provided generous funding support to our research programs and shared their industrial insights on the important problems they are facing. This collaboration has built very strong academy-industry partnership, important for implementing clean energy technology.

What next-generation innovation work is your institute involved with in the field of energy storage and e-mobility?

We launched an exciting initiative in 2019: StorageX. We organized our faculty and students together to address the grand challenges in energy storage. We have generated innovative works to address the following challenges: • Sustain the cost learning curve of batteries • Identify pathway to energy dense, high power, safe and long-lasting batteries • Battery fast charging • Enable circular economy through re-use, recycling, and regeneration • Leverage informatics and artificial intelligence to accelerate the pace of R&D What are some of the battery chemistries and R&D activities you are currently working on, in terms of battery energy storage?

I am working on high energy density battery chemistries, which can double or triple the energy density of the existing lithium ion batteries. These chemistries include silicon anode, lithium metal anode and sulfur cathode. I also work

| September-October 2020

on new type of low-cost and scalable chemistry for grid-scale storage such as Mn-H2 and Ni-H2 batteries.

As an institute, what kind of support do you need, and what are some of the challenges faced if any?

At Stanford, we are constantly seeking strong support in the following areas: • Funding from industry and government agencies to support our faculty members and students, to work on the creative ideas they generate • Partnership with the industry, to understand the core issues they are facing and work closely to address them • State-of-the-art facility to study the challenging scientific problems, not possible in individual faculty’s lab • Building translational labs to generate the prototypes of our energy technology Are there any success stories you would like to share with our readers?

The clean energy challenges we are facing are so big. They require academy, industry, investors and government to work closely together. In the past, there were a few successful stories, for example Tesla in the energy storage/transportation space.

Amprius, a startup company I founded seems to be on the right track.

At Stanford, there are a few dozen clean energy related companies founded by students.

They need continuous support.

We need multiple sector partnership to grow the clean energy ecosystem.

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64

ENERGY STORAGE

Setting the stage for energy storage in India The Department of Science and Technology (DST) in India has played an instrumental role in helping the country meet its target of 175GW of renewable energy by 2022 and clean energy storage.

This article explores the opportunities and challenges ahead of the energy storage sector and DST initiatives aimed at advancing energy storage in the country.

I

n the academic forefront, India has been striving meticulously towards development of efficient energy storage systems, particularly batteries. Initiatives by the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), CSIR - Central Electro Chemical Research Institute (CSIRCECRI), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISERs), Indian Institute of Technology (IITs) and National Institute of Technology (NITs) have been in the limelight.

In 2018, Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) successfully developed and qualified lithium-ion cells of capacities

ranging from 1.5Ah to 100Ah for use in satellites and launch vehicles.

ISRO has signed an MOU with Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd (BHEL) to manufacture Li-ion batteries for electric vehicles in India.

CSIR-CECRI has developed prototype Li-ion fabrication facility for 18650 cells. It is India’s first pilot plant facility which will manufacture the Li-ion cells with a capacity of 1500 mAh/3.7 V, dedicated to improving the capacity of the Li-ion battery. The developed 18650 cells were utilized for powering solar lanterns and hats.

CSIR-CECRI has been involved in the development of Zn-Br (zincbromide) redox flow batteries for more than a decade.

C-MET Pune laboratory is presently working on development of fuel cell prototype using nano

Different battery chemistries and total allocated amount supported under Material for Energy Storage scheme

8%

7%

4%

15% 5% 9% 1%

Lead-Acid Na-ion Mg-S Redox flow Iron- Air

51%

Li-ion Li-S Zinc-Air

| September-October 2020

functional materials and high energy density lithium-ion cell/ battery.

Centre for Automotive Energy Materials (CAEM), IIT-Madras are developing Li-ion battery for EVs and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) by setting up research facility for Li-ion cells and battery packs at pilot plant scale. Private industries such as Ashok Leyland are already engaged in the manufacturing of EVs based on Li-ion batteries and CAEM has initiated the interactions to demonstrate in-house Li-battery technology for EVs. IIT-Madras has been working on electrode materials and novel redox couples for vanadiumredox flow batteries. IIT-Bombay is primarily focused on developing energy storage materials for Li-ion batteries and fuel cells towards EV applications. Several research groups from IISERs and IITs are also working towards the development of hybrid ion capacitor devices.

India’s Oil and Natural Gas Corporation’s Energy Centre (OEC) is interested in taking up collaborative research with Indian academic, research and industrial organizations to work on any of these technology options, as well as any other innovative technology option relevant to energy materials, energy generation or energy efficiency.

Emerging technologies

There are few technologies that will pick-up momentum in the next 5-10 years.

- Redox flow batteries (RFBs) will emerge as strong contenders as electrical energy storage systems for the utilization of renewable energy. RFBs possess high energy efficiency,

65 deep discharge ability, low selfdischarge, and long cycle life. A unique advantage of RFBs is the decoupling of energy capacity and power density, which is not available with other existing conventional systems - Si and Si composite anode with Vanadium, Manganese and Ni-rich, cobalt free cathode - All solid-state Li-ion (with ceramic, glass, polymer or composite Li-ion conducting solid electrolyte), even in all solid-state Li-ion Si anode or anode-less configuration will be used - The separator will get eliminated.

The electrolyte will play a dual role of serving as an electronic insulator.

- Bipolar electrode configuration (similar to fuel cells) - No slurry mixing, coating, etc. The electrodes will be prepared by dry powder coating or automated web coating or R2R like semiconductor industry.

- Lithium battery recycling (a process that is now possible in India also), making the batteries sustainable - All solid-state Li-S Batteries and anode-less Li-S batteries - Fuel cells are likely to pick-up beyond 2050. The fuel could be Carbon, Hydro-carbon, CO1 CO2 or H2. Air would be the cathode.

Project sponsored by DST-TMD under the Materials for Energy Storage (MES) program to IIT Bombay has realized supercapacitive energy storage device that is seamlessly integrated into clothing and fabrics for powering wearable electronics. The device is composed of carbon nanotube threads interwoven through solid-electrolyte sheets to achieve an excellent energy density of 50 Wh/Kg and 4400 W/kg. The device is operable at 3V, making it ideal for powering wearable wireless-transmitters and point-of-care diagnostic sensors. Further, the device is packaged to withstand a variety of mechanical and environmental duress such as bending, flexing, impact and laundering.

A wearable supercapacitive energy storage device demonstrating its bendability and washability, with a schematic representation of the device consisting of CNT-thread electrodes interwoven through solid-electrolyte.

Promising joint ventures

In the recent times, India has witnessed a paradigm shift towards electrochemical technologies.

Table 1: Battery Chemistries currently under investigation Battery Type

Cathode Material

Anode Material

Li-Air, Mg-Air, Al-Air, Fe-Air, Zn-Air, Lead flow batteries, Vanadium flow batteries, Na-S, Li-S, Thermal batteries, NaNiCl2 (Zebra batteries), Ag-Zn, Mg-AgCl reserve batteries, Ultra lead acid Batteries, Lead – Carbon, Li-Carbon, dual carbon

Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (LiNiCoMnO2), Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (LiNiCoAlO2), Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LiCoO2), Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn2O4), Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4/C), Lithium Titanium Oxide, NiMn-Co-Al cathode materials, amorphous carbon, hard carbon, graphite (natural, synthetic graphite, Krish carbon), MetalOrganic Frameworks - cathode & composite cathodes

Si – Graphite composite anodes, Tin composite anodes, Li metal anodes, MetalOrganic Frameworks - anode

Research institutes are enthusiastic about collaborating with industries as well. The lead-acid battery research is well established, and India has highly successful companies in this segment like Exide, Amar Raja, and Luminous, among others.

The Hindustan Petroleum Corp Ltd (HPCL) has set-up the prestigious ‘HP Green R&D Centre’ in Bengaluru, India, with an objective to develop innovative and path breaking technologies and products. Public sector entities like Indian Oil Corp Ltd (IOCL) and BHEL are also teaming up with research institutes. The Centre for Battery Engineering and Electric Vehicles (C-BEEV) stationed at IIT-Madras is proposed to be set up under public private partnership model with lead contribution from the Department of Heavy Industries, government of India.

Next-generation technologies

India is the fifth largest car market in the world, by the end of 2030, September-October 2020 |

66

Chemical synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for high-performance supercapacitor applications

an estimated 600 million vehicles will be on Indian roads. EV battery industry will play a key role in this e-mobility transformation. Li-ion batteries are now considered to be the standard for modern battery EVs in our country, with ISRO, Amar Raja Batteries, EON, HBL Power Systems and Exide making major advances and emerging as key manufacturers.

Further, there is extensive research on several technologies such as Li/Na-S, Li-air, Na-Ion. Looking further ahead and considering possible depletion of Li-based resources in the future, flow batteries and fuel cell technologies are promising alternatives.

Vanadium flow batteries can be quite large and are best suited for industrial and utility scale energy storage applications. The V-flow battery out competes Li-ion, and any other solid battery, for utilityscale applications. They are safer, more scalable, longer-lasting and cheaper when produced on a large scale. IIT-Madras and IIT-Delhi, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, IISc and Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST) - Shibpur,

are extensively working for the development of vanadium based redox flow batteries.

Challenges and way forward

At present, the DST is working on reducing the gap between academic research and market demand which is a major challenge that needs to be overcome. Projects that involve the contribution of academia and companies may be encouraged and made mandatory in the near future. This would enable development of innovative and path breaking technologies and in the longer run enable our country to license technologies and become a knowledge hub.

Further, PhD scholars and students may be directed to carry out internships with companies for a short period so that they would be more aware of the requisites for large-scale production. The companies might also want to hire potential candidates based on their performance.

Our country has a vast talent pool and very capable research groups. The Ministry can take efforts to identify potential research groups working on the same battery system and initiate joint projects and startups to achieve specific targets.

Success Stories

Space Heating Prototype

IISER Pune and SPEL Technologies, with the support of DST, have developed a process technology for generating functionalized graphene at low-cost for the development of graphene-based supercapacitors for | September-October 2020

energy storage. This process uses the unconventional method of reducing graphene oxide (GO) leading to the formation of self-healed ambient, stable, reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The cost of raw chemicals for the production of 1 gm of rGO is estimated to be much cheaper than the commercial rGO from reputed international chemical company.

A solar-powered PCM (phase change material) integrated space heating system has been designed

by Pluss Advanced Technologies with the support of the DST. The clean energy system designed to provide warmth in high altitude areas where night temperatures may fall to as low as -20°C, is scheduled to be set up in Leh in Ladakh. The developed system has the potential to meet the needs of space heating in residential schools, tourist shelters and for a large number of houses in Ladakh.

The successful application of 50 Ah Li-ion cells in an electric scooter by VSSC in association with Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), Pune, is worth mentioning.

DST initiatives on energy storage 1. Materials for Energy Storage (MES) The Materials on Energy Storage (MES) program supports R&D activities aimed at innovative materials for energy storage, and to build energy storage device with enhanced output for multifunctional applications. The initiative works towards the efficient use and further increase of renewable energy, demonstrating its value in terms of flexibility in the energy systems.

This is expected to lead to the outputs which would substantially enhance technology readiness of the applied research for targeted application/use. MES scheme has supported 77 projects with a total cost of `51.78 crore.

2.

Materials for Energy Conservation and Storage Platform (MECSP) This is a theme-based initiative to support research and

67 development for entire spectrum of energy conservation and storage technologies from early stage research to technology breakthroughs in materials, systems and scalable technologies to maximize resource use efficiency.

The purpose of this initiative is to underpin recognized centers of energy materials research, encourage those centers to link with new research groups working in complementary areas, link centers into a coordinated national network and create a strengthened energy materials research community that covers the full breadth of energy research areas that is strongly linked both nationally and internationally.

Two centers have been supported.

DST- IIT Delhi Energy Storage Platform on Batteries: DST â&#x20AC;&#x201C;IIT Delhi Centre on Batteries aims to carry out R&D to develop three different types of novel materials and their application in electrochemical storage devices. The network of researchers engaged in the center comprise scientists from IIT-Delhi, IISc-Bangalore, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, ARCI - Centre for Fuel Cell Technology.

DST- IISc Energy Storage Platform on Supercapacitors: The overarching objective of the DST-IISc Energy Storage Platform on Supercapacitors is to develop techno-economically viable electrical energy storage solutions that have the potential to catapult India to a leadership role in energy storage and clean energy technologies through active collaboration and accelerated technology development. IIScBangalore, being the nodal center has four partnering institutes, IITHyderabad, IIT-Madras, Central Electro-Chemical Research Institute Karaikudi, Pondicherry University.

The center will primarily focus on application-driven research for the development of techno-economically viable electrochemical energy storage solutions with particular emphasis on high power density storage such as supercapacitors.

Center for Incubation, Innovation, Research and Consultancy (CIIRC), Bengaluru has pulled off an arduous milestone in the development of Iron electrolyte based Redox flow Battery (IRFB) funded by DST, under its flagship Materials for Energy Storage (MES) Scheme. The team has successfully tested lighting loads using the developed flow battery and found that the battery has the capacity to power houses across rural India thus having a societal and environmental impact besides being a potential competitor for various household and industrial batteries available in the market. The team has a vision of developing and setting up IRFB charging stations for recharging EV batteries in the country, thereby creating a complete â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;well to wheelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; green ecosystem. The battery can be promoted as a cost effective and green system considering the materials used for development, electrolyte, and the area of applications (renewable energy sector).

Powering of 105 W bulbs from developed IRFBs

3.

Integrated Clean Energy Material Acceleration Platform (IC-MAP) The objective of setting up Integrated Clean Energy Material Acceleration Platform (IC-MAP) is to accelerate the discovery of high-performance low-cost clean energy materials for energy harnessing, energy storage and energy efficiency for diverse sectors such as power, buildings, transportation, storage, construction etc. Each IC-MAP is expected to focus its activities on a specific segment of thrust areas, identify the gaps and missing links and commit to a tangible output.

DST has conducted several brainstorming sessions in the area of energy storage to bring together industry leaders, policy makers, and leading researchers from across India, on the same platform to focus on multiple aspects of the clean energy materials and its industry applications. The sessions deliberated upon the mechanisms for the two segments to collaborate and develop high-performance, low-cost clean energy materials.

[The Technology Mission Division belongs to the Department of Science and Technology (DST), which comes under the Ministry of Science and Technology, government of India]

Dr. Sanjay Bajpai Head of Technology Mission Division (Energy, Water & Others) September-October 2020 |

Dr. Ranjith Krishna Pai Scientist-E/Director Technology Mission Division (Energy, Water & Others)

68

ENERGY STORAGE

Li-ion battery concerns for safe usage The high energy and power density provided by Li-ion battery chemistry also carries with it the propensity to turn catastrophic if not designed, charged or used in an appropriate manner. Dr Judy Jeevarajan, Research Director, Electrochemical Safety - Underwriters Laboratories Inc., talks about various risk factors and challenges regarding battery safety that need to be addressed for safe usage.

E

nergy storage in the form of batteries have become an essential part of our everyday life. With their use in consumer devices such as mobile phones, cameras, camcorders, and laptops, to their use in larger applications as in the areas of space, marine, EVs and grid energy storage, the battery energy storage systems have greatly enriched our lives.

Of the many battery chemistries that have been in existence, the lithium-based systems have held the market the longest and continue to do so today. Of the lithium-based systems, the rechargeable Li-ion batteries are more commonly used in the applications stated above.

Li-ion batteries provide high power and energy and have a long cycle life and calendar life.

Due to the proliferation of cell and

battery manufacturing companies and due to myriad cell and battery models manufactured today, the risks associated with this battery chemistry has increased. The high energy and power density provided by this battery chemistry also carries with it the propensity to turn catastrophic if not designed, charged or used in an appropriate manner.

Li-ion batteries were first commercialized by Sony in the early 1990s, used in small consumer portable electronic devices. These applications required the use of two to a maximum of eight cells in the battery pack. Today, the batteries that are manufactured for several applications are configured with hundreds to thousands of cells.

The cells that constitute the battery packs also come in different sizes and are available in at least three different form factors, namely, the cylindrical, prismatic metal can and prismatic pouch formats. The batteries also come in numerous sizes to meet the energy, power, volume and weight demands of the various applications. In addition to this, several cathode, anode, electrolyte and separator combinations can be used to construct a single-cell model, which makes an understanding of the safety characteristics more challenging.

Low quality factor

Dr Judy Jeevarajan

With the high demand for batteries of this chemistry, the cell and battery manufacturing industry has been made into a lucrative business wherein low quality cells and batteries exist in abundance.

Some of these low quality cells can | September-October 2020

be purchased online at an inexpensive price and quick turnaround time.

The low quality cells often times do not provide the required performance but the bigger concern is that they do not have the required safety features that are traditionally used internally in cells manufactured by the OEMs. The same is true for batteries that may be designed with less than required safety controls.

This factor not only increases the risk to the user but also increases the risk to the transportation industry that provides the shipment of the cells and batteries.

The hazard causes for Li-ion batteries can be categorized broadly into thermal, mechanical and electrical types (Figure 1).

Given the wide expanse of the usage of these cells and batteries, makes the installation and use of this chemistry in large megawatthour (MWh) to gigawatt-hour (GWh) size grid energy storage systems more challenging, especially when used in extreme climatic environments.

Large-scale battery testing

The size of these large installations poses a bigger challenge when it comes to testing, wherein the entire system cannot be tested beyond its limits to characterize safety due to the time and cost factors involved in such large scale offnominal tests. Consequently, the grid energy storage industry has witnessed several large-scale battery fires. Safety characteristics of a single Li-ion cell does not translate directly to the safety of a larger battery configuration using the same cells.

69

Thermal

Mechanical

Electrical

Figure 1 Major hazard categories for Li-ion Batteries Figure 1 Major hazard categories for Li-ion Batteries

It has been well established that some of the protective controls used internal in a cell or on a protective circuit board, have limitations with respect to voltage, current or temperature or a combination of two or more of these. It is therefore imperative to test the batteries in the relevant configuration as well as the relevant environment, with the inclusion of all the components that would make up the battery such as the cables and cell interconnects, voltage, current and thermal sensors, protective circuitry and battery terminals, to name a few.

Te s t i n g i n t h e r e l e v a n t configuration and environment allows one to characterize a battery fully and determine its limitations and also provides confirmation that the safety controls work as desired, thus minimizing the safety risk posed by this battery chemistry.

The battery management system (BMS) should be tested extensively using the appropriate protocols in order to confirm that the BMS works as required to protect the battery under off-nominal conditions.

Chargers should also be designed for the relevant battery chemistry as different combinations of cathode and anode in Li-ion batteries offer

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The charger used to charge the systems should be capable of interacting well with the battery and the BMS to confirm not only the specific Li-ion battery chemistry but also the health of the battery before charging or conditioning of the large battery systems. Charging a battery without an understanding of the health could lead to unexpected failures of the battery system.

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Battery charger concerns

different usable voltage ranges as well as charge rate capabilities.

Charging in extreme temperatures should be given consideration as low temperatures cause an increase in electrolyte viscosity that can then lead to lithium dendrite formation and high temperatures lead to electrolyte decomposition and other undesirable reactions, all leading to an unstable and unsafe battery.

Finally, fire extinguishers for Li-ion battery fires have not been optimized. Studies are under way in various sectors using batteries of this chemistry but the complexity in the variety of designs and configurations that are used at the cell and battery level make this more complicated.

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Conclave, India Energy Storage Policy Forum India Energy Storage Alliance, C/O Customized Energy Solutions India Pvt Ltd India Storage Alliance, C/O Customized Energy Solutions India–Pvt and Energy Technology A 501, 5thEnergy Floor I G.O. Square, Aundh –Storage Hinjewadi Link Road,Summit.

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TECHNOLOGY INSIDE

70

Classification of energy storage technologies: an overview Energy storage helps capture generated energy and deliver effectively for future use, but this can be done in more than one way. This article encapsulates the various methods used for storing energy.

E

nergy storage technolo- Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS) gies encompass a variety of In these systems, the energy systems, which can be classi- is stored as the potential energy fied into five broad categories, these of water kept on a higher elevation. are: mechanical, electrochemical (or Generally, this involves pumping batteries), thermal, electrical, and water into a large reservoir at a high hydrogen storage technologies. elevation—usually located on the A d v a n c e d e n e r g y s t o r a g e top of a mountain or hill. When technologies are capable of energy is required, the water in dispatching electricity within the reservoir is guided through milliseconds or seconds and can a hydroelectric turbine, which provide power back-up ranging from converts the energy of flowing water a few minutes to many hours. The to electricity. PHS is often used suitable duration (long or short) of to store energy for long durations storage, scale of systems (in MW (8-24 hours). and MWh) and response time are technology dependent making it Gravity Storage Technologies TECHNOLOGY INSIDE important to choose the appropriate Gravity based energy storage

technology as per the application technologies use the same principle requirements and constraints. as PHS systems. However, the Classification of energy storage technologies: an overview important difference is that cement Energy storage helps capture generated energy and effectively for future but this ordeliver bricks, or rocks areuse, used as Mechanical Storage can be done in more than one way. This article encapsulates the various methods used for These technologies store energy in the mass moving up or down storing energy. the form of gravitational potential instead of water. The important Energy storagekinetic technologies encompass a varietyadvantage of systems, of which be classified thiscan is that the sizeinto of energy, energy (of motion), five broad categories, these are: mechanical, electrochemical (or batteries), thermal, due or potential energy of compression. the systems is much smaller electrical, and hydrogen storage technologies.

It includes Pumped Hydro Storage to the higher density of these Advanced energy storage technologies are capable s o l i d sof cdispatching o m p a r e delectricity t o w awithin t e r.

(PHS), Gravity Energy Storage, milliseconds or seconds and can provide power back-up ranging from a few minutes to many Compressed Air Energy Storage Additionally, the requirement hours.(CAES) The suitable (long or short) of storage, scale of geological systems (in MW and MWh) andduration Flywheels storage of specific features can and response time are technology dependent making it important to choose the appropriate technologies. be avoided. technology as per the application requirements and constraints.

Mechanical

Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES) Gravity storage technologies

Compressed Air Energy Storage

Flywheels

Electrochemical

Lead Acid , Advanced Lead Acid Lithium ion (LCO, LMO, LFP, NMC, NCA) Flow Batteries (Zinc Bromine, Vanadium)

Thermal

Sensible‐ Molten Salt, Chilled Water Latent‐ ice Storage, Phase Change Materials (PCM)

Electrical

Super capacitors Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage(SMES)

Thermochemical Storage

High Temperature (NaS, NaNiCl2) Zinc Batteries ‐ Zn‐Air, ZnMnO2

Figure 1: Classification Energy Storage Technologies Figure 1: of Classification of Energy Storage Technologies | September-October 2020

Mechanical Storage

Hydrogen based storage Power‐to ‐ Power (Fuel Cells, etc)

Power‐to‐Gas

Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) A CAES system uses excess electrical energy to compress air using an electrically driven pump, which is stored either in an underground cave or above ground in high-pressure containers.

When excess or low-cost electricity is available from the grid, it is used to run an electric compressor, which compresses air and stores it under high pressure. When electrical energy is required, the compressed air is directed towards a modified gas turbine, which converts the stored energy to electricity.

Flywheel Energy Storage (FES) Flywheels store electrical energy as rotational energy in a heavy cylindrical rotating mass. Flywheel energy storage systems typically consist of a large rotating cylinder supported on a stator.

Stored electric energy increases with the square of the speed of the rotating mass, so materials that can withstand high velocities and centrifugal forces are essential for its construction. In general, flywheels are very suitable for high power applications due to their capacity to absorb and release energy in a very short duration of time.

Electrochemical Storage

Electrochemical storage technologies include various battery technologies that use different electrochemical reactions to store electricity namely lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion (Liion) batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries (NAS), flow batteries, Zn-air batteries, and supercapacitors. The batteries, depending on type, may be suitable for a short duration (few minutes) or long duration (8+ hours) applications.

For stationary storage applications,

71

Figure 2: Evolution of cycle life and roundtrip energy efficiency (%) of different battery technologies over the years (projections up

Figure to 2025)2: Evolution of cycle life and roundtrip energy efficiency (%) of different battery technologies over the years (projections up to 2025) two of the main parameters are the

of molten salt. Another important

the other two technologies these are

efficiency (%) of the batteries. The

chilled water storage. These are

There are multiple variations of

 cycle life and the roundtrip energy technology in this space is hot and much more compact and lightweight.

graph below shows the evolution of especially relevant where a large this technology most of which are Thermal Storage

these two parameters for various part of the electrical load is for space currently in the initial prototype development stage. battery technologies over the years heating or cooling applications.

The principle of storage of energy in thermal energy storage systems is conceptually different along with projections up to 2025. from electrochemical or mechanical energy storage systems. Here, the energy by heating or Latent Heat Storage Electrical Storage cooling down appropriate materials using excess electrical energy.

When required, the In these systems, the energy is S u p e r Thermal Storage capacitors and stored in a material This that undergoes The principle of storage of energy S utechnologies p e r c o n d u c t i nincludes g M a g niceetic reverse process is used to recover the energy. category of in thermal energy storage systems a phase change (transition between Energy Storage (SMES) systems based storage systems, hot and chilled water storage, molten salt storage and rock storage is conceptually different from solid and liquid) as it stores and store electricity in electric and technologies. electrochemical or mechanical energy releases energy. Examples include electromagnetic fields with minimal storage systems. Here, the energy by ice storage tanks for domestic or loss of energy. A few small SMES Sensible Heat Storage heating or cooling down appropriate industrial cooling applications. systems have become commercially materials using excess electrical During periods of excess energy available, mainly used for power Available energy is stored in the form of an increase or decrease in temperature a material, and low demand (usually night- quality energy. When required, the reverse control inofmanufacturing which can be used to meet a heating or cooling demand.

One of the most well-known process is used to recover the energy. time), the liquid water is converted plants such as microchip fabrication into icestorage. and stored in large This category ofof technologies facilities.

These technologies are technologies this typeincludes is molten salt This type tanks. of storage is generally coupled with ice-based storage systems, hot and When the cooling load increases ideal for storing and release high Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants where the heat generated is used to increase the chilled water storage, molten salt during the daytime and afternoon, levels of energy over short bursts due temperature ofstorage molten salt. Another technology in this space hotprice andinchilled water the important ice is melted to provide space storage and rock technologies. to their is lower $/kW (power). cooling to the connected storage. These are especially relevant where a large buildings. part of the electrical load is for space SensibleorHeat Storage heating cooling applications. Two companies active in this space Hydrogen Storage Available energy is stored in the are Calmac and Ice Bear Energy Technologies form of Heat an increase or decrease in Systems. Another type of technology (Power-to-Gas) Latent Storage temperature of a material, which in this category is phase change The basic concept of hydrogen storage materials (PCMs).

PCMs areundergoes specific technologies be used to meet a energy heating or is to use(transition electricity to Incan these systems, the is stored in a material that a phase change cooling demand. One of the most material compositions that melt at a perform electrolysis of water to produce between solid and liquid) as it stores and releases energy. Examples include ice storage tanks well-known technologies of this type particular temperature of interest. hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen for domestic or industrial cooling applications. During periodsproduced of excess energy and low is molten salt storage.

This type of is stored in high pressure storage is(usually generally coupled with containers and can used tanks. as a fuel demand night-time), theThermochemical liquid water is Storage converted into ice and stored inbelarge thirdthe category of thermal storage for the Concentrated Solarload Power (CSP) The direct and When the cooling increases during daytime and afternoon, icecombustion is melted (cooking to provide plants where the heat generated is involves storing energy in reversible heating applications) or for electricity space cooling to the connected buildings. Two companies active in this space are Calmac and used to increase the temperature chemical reactions. Compared to generation via PEM Fuel Cells.

Ice Bear Energy Systems. Another type of technology in this category is phase change September-October 2020 | materials (PCMs). PCMs are specific material compositions that melt at a particular temperature of interest.

72

E-MOBILITY

What is driving the EV market?

A look at the key push factors driving the development of the electric vehicle (EV) market and the wider implications of the expansion of this sector on charging and energy demand. Rho Motion, a London-based research and consultancy firm, explores factors driving the EV market.

T

he starting point for all discussions around EV adoption, and the move towards a lower emission transport sector, begins with legislation. It then moves to OEM technology strategy, and finally to the consumer and the public acceptance of new technologies.

Over the previous two decades, legislators around the world have been developing ever more stringent standards for vehicle emissions placing increasing pressure on OEMs to adopt new technologies for their vehicles. The focus of these measures has been in two areas, ambient air quality, addressed initially by the European Commission (EC) through the Euro standards, and by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the California Air Resource Board (CARB). These standards have subsequently been adopted and rolled out in most major economies under different names.

Mitigating CO2 emissions

The second area of focus has been on CO2 emissions and the longerterm objective of addressing climate change, led largely by the EC. This year has seen the phasing in of new

European CO2 emissions targets. The new target sets an OEM passenger car fleet average target of 95 gm CO2 per km, with a potential fine of €95 per gm of CO2 over the limit, multiplied by the OEM’s European vehicle sales in a given year.

The target is fairly robust, especially when you consider OEM fleet average emissions in recent years. The first chart serves to illustrate this point, it shows CO2 fleet average emissions for a sample of major OEMs in 20172019, versus the 95 gm/km target. As can be seen, even at this relatively late stage, OEMs are no way near meeting targets with their existing model line-ups.

In fact, fleet average emissions have been rising, owing to lower proportion of diesels sold, and larger vehicle sizes among model line ups.

For OEMs with significant sales volumes in Europe these fines could run to multiple billions of Euros. This goes some way to explain the rate of growth in sales of plug-in hybrid and battery EVs (PHEV & BEVs) in the region, both this year and in 2019.

EV model mix

This brings us to our second point, OEM technology strategy. As

Figure 1 | September-October 2020

a result of these legislative measures OEMs are left with little option but to continue to introduce PHEVs and BEVs into their model line ups and make significant investments in electrification, as they are in fact doing (see Figure 2). It is no surprise that the European market is a bright spot for the PHEV and BEV market so far in 2020. One thing to bear in mind, however, is the relatively large share of PHEV in the sales mix in Europe, 46 percent so far this year versus 24 percent in China. We expect that PHEVs will remain an important part of the model mix in the coming years.

Range and charging issues

The third point in all this is, will the consumers accept and buy the vehicles that OEMs offer. Key issues in the EV market in this regard have been the purchase price for vehicles, a concern around range and the availability of charging infrastructure.

Price is being resolved by three trends in the sector. The first is around an ongoing improvement in battery technology and increasing energy density – this is also helping with the range issue. The second is that EVs are now being developed on their own platforms rather than being an extension of an existing internal combustion engine vehicle range.

This results in better quality vehicles, and crucially allows the cost benefits of a much simpler powertrain, with far fewer components, to be exploited. The crucial part in all this, however, is scale. Battery cell costs have fallen dramatically in recent years due to the huge expansion in production, and the same process is just beginning at the vehicle level.

The issues around range and charging are also in the process of being resolved. Sales-weighted average BEV and PHEV ranges have

73 doubled since 2012, from roughly 180 km to nearly 400 km, as average battery pack sizes have also doubled from under 20kWh to nearly 40kWh, as a result of better and cheaper battery technology. As it stands, however, charging infrastructure has failed to keep pace with the increase in the EV sales, particularly in Europe (See Figure 3). This has not been a significance hindrance to the market yet, as much of the charging takes place at home. However, as the market grows this aspect needs to be addressed. This will require huge investments at the charging point level - we calculate in the region of $500 billion globally over the next decade, and also at the grid level for energy generation, storage, and transmission. The energy transition is happening, but it will require huge financial commitment from multiple stakeholders along the entire supply chain, but as with all challenges, this also presents huge opportunities.

[Rho Motion is a research and consultancy house that provides market intelligence and research for EV and battery markets, EV charging infrastructure, and electronic stationary storage for grid applications.]

Figure 2

Figure 3

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September-October 2020 |

74

COMPANY & ADVERTISER INDEX / IMPRINT

Tata Power Delhi Distribution, Mitsubishi, AES, L&T, Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC) India

10 11

Vistara Moss Landing Energy Storage (California), Vermont and Liberty Utilities (New Hampshire), Ontario Energy Board (OEB)

12

Energy Storage Canada (ESC), Tesla, Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (ANEEL), AES Tietê, NEC ES, NGK, Engie, General Electric, AES Dominicana, EDF, Enel, NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization), India Energy Agency (IEA)

13

Mercury, Accelerating Energy Storage for Singapore (ACCESS), Philippines Department of Energy (DoE), Meralco, Hitachi

14

Asahi Kasei Corp, University of Texas

Customized Energy Solutions India Pvt Ltd, India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA), International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), International Energy Agency (IEA), Asian Development Bank (ADB), US Department of Energy, Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission (MERC), Central Electricity Authority and Ministry of Power, Government of India, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Energy Storage Association (ESA), USA, Global Energy Storage Alliance (GESA), India Smart Grid Forum (ISGF); LivGuard Energy Technologies Pvt Ltd, SAR Group, Schneider Electric, NELCO (Tata Group), Mitsui, Siemens, Oak Power Systems, Luminous Power Technologies

34

Amara Raja Group, Amara Raja Batteries Ltd, Amaron, PowerZone, Indian Railways, Gridtential Energy; Ballard Power Systems. Siemens, ABB, NextCleanTech LLC, Solar Integrated Technologies, Corporate Development of Stuart Energy Systems Corp

35

17

Breakthrough Energy Ventures, Amazon, Virgin Group, Ali Baba Group, Form Energy, Quidnet Energy, CarbonCure, Commonwealth Fusion Systems, DMC Biotechnologies, Fervo Energy, Pivot Bio, QuantumScape, and Zero Mass Water, Idealab, Energy Vault, Energy Cache, eSolar, Duron Solar, Raytracker, Thermata

Contemporary Amperex Technology Limited (CATL), Tawas, Indy Power Systems, World Energy Labs, ATL,Magna, Delphi, General Motors, Tydrolyte, SAE International Battery Standards Steering Committee, NAATBatt International; ExxonMobil (then Esso)

36

18

Toyota Motor Corporation, JTEKT Corp, MITSUI and Co.

37

Southern California Edison (SCE), Amply Power Inc., the World Bank, Utility Reform Network, California Plug-in Electric Vehicle Collaborative, Mahindra Electric Mobility Ltd, SUN Mobility, National Board on Electric Mobility (NBEM), Bosch, IOC

Hitachi Ltd, Hitachi ABB Power Grids Ltd.; Nikola Motor Company, Anheuser Busch, Nikola Powersports

38

19

EDF Renewables, Shell New Energies US, Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind, LLC, Masdar Clean Energy; Bundesverband Energiespeicher Systeme e.V. (BVES) [German Energy Storage Systems Association]

39

AES, AES Next, AES Energy Storage, Proterra, Tech-Weld, Alumatech, TransTeq, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), American Welding Society

20

Khosla Ventures, Breakthrough Energy Ventures (BEC), Liquid Metal Battery Corporation (LMBC), LightSail Energy, The Indus Entrepreneurs (TiE); BYD Co Ltd, Goldstone Electra

40

Siemens, Fluence, Enel, LS Power, Hydrogenics Corporation, Cummins Inc

21

EnerSys, FIAMM Technologies, Exide Technologies Inc. and Johnson Controls Inc, Blink Charging, NorthStar Battery Co, Alpha Technologies Group, East Penn Manufacturing, Douglas Battery Manufacturing Co, Furukawa Battery, CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization)

Form Energy, 24M Technologies, American Superconductor Corporation, A123 Systems; China Energy Storage Alliance (CNESA), Zhangbei Hybrid Wind and Solar Pilot Demonstration, State Grid,

41

22

Samsung, Contemporary Amperex Technology, Panasonic, LG Chem, Bloomberg New Energy Finance, Bethel Energy Centre, Rongke Power Co. Ltd., UniEnergy Technologies (UET), Strata Solar, Pacific Gas and Electric, Vistra Energy, Tesla,Inc, PG&E, EDF Renewables

43

European Association for Storage of Energy (EASE),

46

Hitachi, Gogoro, Gates, Maxxis, Panasonic, HTC

23 24 25

Department of Energy (U.S. DOE), Group 14 Technologies, Cabot Corp, Farasis, Silatronix, Arkema, and Pacific Northwest National Laboratories,

48

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), WattJoule, Redwood Materials, Capricorn Investment Group

26

EnerG2

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), WattJoule, Redwood Materials, Capricorn Investment Group

27

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), WattJoule, Redwood Materials, Capricorn Investment Group Consulting, Green Hydrogen Coalition, Global Energy Storage Alliance (GESA), California Energy Storage Alliance (CESA), Energy Storage North America (ESNA)

27

49 51 52 53 54

Highview Power, Carlton Power, Wärtsilä Corporation

28

SK Innovation, Greensmith Energy Management Systems

29

U.S. Energy Storage Association, Northeast Energy Efficiency Partnerships (NEEP), United Technologies, SunEdison, Alliance to Save Energy, Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, NARUC Committee on Energy Resources and the Environment, Toshiba

30

Tiveni Inc, NuvoMedia, Network Computing Devices, InEVit, Volkswagen

31

Form Energy Inc, Great River Energy, ChargePoint, 2Wire, Pace, Polycom, Fluent Inc., Novell Corporation, AgilOne

32

European Association for Storage of Energy EASE, Delta-Energy and Environment; KVI PTE Ltd., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), battery, Inc. (now Contour Energy Systems)

33

Navigant Research

Tesla, SpaceX, Neuralink, The Boring Company, Exide Industries ITM Power, Sensortec Ltd, Metalysis Ltd, Antenova Ltd, LG Chem, PSEG

Bry-Air 8 CES - 10 years 10-11 CES Podcast 69 CES Storage IQ INDIA 17 CES Industry Connect 55 Emerging Technology Review 47

Chief Editor and General Manager Publications: Ashok Thakur Consulting Editor: Nishtha Gupta-Vaghela Assistant Editor: Shraddha Kakade Assistant Editor: Moulin Oza Contributing Editor: Kathy Priyo Corporate Communications: Swati Gantellu Design Consultant: SP Sneha President – IESA & MD, CES India: Dr Rahul Walawalkar Executive Director IESA: Debi Prasad Dash

China Energy Storage Alliance (CNESA) NITI Aayog, UNDP NDTV Climate Investment Funds, World Bank, International Finance Department of Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), CSIR - Central Electro Chemical Research Institute (CSIRCECRI), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISERs) Indian Institute of Technology (IITs), National Institute of Technology (NITs), Indian Space Research, Organisation’s (ISRO) Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Centre for Automotive Energy, Materials (CAEM), India’s Oil and Natural Gas Corporation’s Energy Centre (OEC), Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology

58

SPEL Technologies, Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, ARCI - Centre for Fuel Cell Technology.

60

Electrochemical Safety - Underwriters, Laboratories Inc.,

62

Rho Motion, European Commission (EC), US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the California Air Resource Board (CARB)

66

EXICOM 6 IESA - Industry Excellence Awards 59 IESA - Market Overview Report 49 IESA Advantage 65 IESA 71 Okaya 72

IESA

India Energy Storage Alliance

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| September-October 2020

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