Folio_Design Research Studio C

Twenty for Twenty 20 Minute Neighbourhoods for 20 Types of Suburbs Jessica Lupita + Sandra Mansilla + Melissa Woon Studio 6: ZOOMBURBIA 2.0! Future Homes and the City of Short Distances Unit Code: ARC80002 Design Research Studio C | MA-ARCUD Semester 2, 2020 Unit Convener + Studio Leader: Dr Ian Woodcock Zoomburbia 2.0: Jessica Lupita | Sandra Mansilla | Melissa Woon

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Zoomburbia 2.0: Jessica Lupita | Sandra Mansilla | Melissa Woon

ABSTRACT The Business-as-Usual Approach of creating large areas of suburban residential lots with single-uses not only contribute to urban sprawl but also lead to inefficient redevelopment, creating excessive hard surfaces, lack of space for gardens and limited densities to achieve economies of scale. This compromises the desire that Plan Melbourne must create for accessible and connected spaces that provide services and destinations to support local living at viable densities. Our project seeks to promote a paradigm shift from traditional lotby-lot single-use development to an approach where multiple programs are combined into hybrid architecture buildings that amalgamate individual housing lots into multi-scale hybrid typologies. The basis of our 20-minute neighbourhood strategy is to apply these hybrid typologies across a range of urban contexts based on 20 suburb typologies we have identified.

The goal is to set up a strong potential framework that can be applied in these representative typologies which enable the retrofitting of our hybrid architectural proposals to promote walkability and provide access to amenities. This method can then be replicated for other suburbs across Metropolitan Melbourne by matching them to the representative typologies.

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CONTENTS – – – – – – –

Chapter 1: Macro Chapter 2: Meso Chapter 3: Future Home Chapter 4: Intergenerational Learning Chapter 5: Activity Node Chapter 6: Parkdale Appendices

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CHAPTER 1 MACRO Future Scenario + Macro Urban Proposal

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The process of identifying these 20 representative suburb types started with the mapping of train corridors and urban growth boundaries over different historical periods. From there, we took at least one suburb of each ring on the train corridor and one suburb between them randomly.

We ended up selecting 80 suburbs across the Metropolitan Area for further analysis.

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The next step was to look at the land uses as a key defining character of the suburbs. The zones of each suburb were recorded in detail along with the public transport accessibility and environmental qualities each suburb had.

We concluded that there are 20 preliminary groups of suburbs across the Metropolitan area. Based on the findings, we built a matrix to include other parameters that also characterize the suburbs. The parameters we used are: – – – – – – – –

Built form density Commercial and retail character Land use predominance Natural landscaping Green open spaces Transport Grid morphology Infrastructure and environment

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Suburb Profiling

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Based on the results of our matrix, we scored each suburb’s performance in terms of walkability, employment opportunities, local services for health care and learning, open spaces and housing diversity; in other words, aims that Plan Melbourne’s has for 20’ minute neighbourhoods. However, we found out that only 15% of these types offer these features adequately.

Clearly, if Plan Melbourne aims to make this concept a reality for everyone there’s still a long way to go. With our method, we wish to make this possible by giving a standardised solution but attending to each suburb’s unique condition.

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We wanted to take into consideration the people that live in the selected suburbs and start looking into demographic data classified by job type, age group and household type to determine the amenities and programs needed in each suburb typology.

There are some steps we took in processing the demographic data. First we process the data by joining, combining, calculating and visualising datasets, then we classify the data per each suburb type that we have discussed in the beginning, we then analysed the pattern for the highest and lowest points of the groups.

Finally, we generated the percentage to help us finalise the score in collaboration with the other data to create our criteria of 20 minute neighborhood which we will explain more in a moment.

We also generated the score of amenities needed and diversity rate I.e school, age care, housing and job diversity based on the data that we have analysed. This will then be processed to get the amenity and program we will need on our proposed scenarios.

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Demographic Data

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Moving forward, we wanted to look at building typologies to inform our architectural response. So we built a matrix based on the parameters from Plan Melbourne. We then became interested at introducing new hybrid typologies Hybrid buildings have the capability to create urban density by aggregating multiple programmes. We stumbled upon this reading that highlights the benefits of hybrid buildings beyond just as social condensers. So we started to aggregate our programmes to create our own hybrid typologies. The result is four preliminary hybrid buildings, each focusing on a specific need.

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What is Twenty for Twenty? We are not proposing a single perfectly packaged 20min neighbourhood. Instead, we are proposing a kit of parts to match each suburb type with a hybrid typology - a methodology to achieve 20-minute access to local amenities. We took the scores from our previous findings and matched each type of neighbourhood with our Hybrid Forms. Twenty for Twenty is applying new hybrid typologies to create 20 Minute Neighbourhoods for 20 Types of Suburbs. The aim is to facilitate local economies by meeting the needs of the neighbourhoods through our hybrid forms.

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CHAPTER 2 MESO Neighbourhood Lot Selection + Amenity Mapping

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What is Twenty for Twenty? We are not proposing a single perfectly packaged 20min neighbourhood. Instead, we are proposing a kit of parts to match each suburb type with a hybrid typology - a methodology to achieve 20-minute access to local amenities. We took the scores from our previous findings and matched each type of neighbourhood with our Hybrid Forms. Twenty for Twenty is applying new hybrid typologies to create 20 Minute Neighbourhoods for 20 Types of Suburbs. The aim is to facilitate local economies by meeting the needs of the neighbourhoods through our hybrid forms.

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We built a preliminary script using grasshopper to aid our decision making for the location of our hybrid building The script treats the lots as points (image1) and finds the shortest walking distance, taking into consideration existing infrastructure and amenity. The lot with the shortest network distance is then selected.

The second script we explored does the same thing but it was less efficient. We used Galapagos, an evolutionary solver which took about 20 seconds to go through 344 points. If anyone else is trying something similar i would recommend doing it using the basic mathematical solution from the first script as it is more efficient.

We tested this at a mesoscale on 7 different suburbs to refine it and find its limitations.Based on our findings, the script was refined to meet each hybrid typology condition. At the end, we discuss in detail how this is applied for a case study in Parkdale.

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CHAPTER 3 FUTURE HOME Majority work by Melissa Woon Carrying through this methodology of parts and patterns, we used pattern languages from Christopher Alexander to form the basis of our designs. The architecture of our future home hybrid typology has additional spaces you would not see in the Business as usual approach as well as realms for personalisation.

The kit of parts for the fixed design include the main elements that define the space. It is about what makes a bedroom space, a utility space, a living space but also office and retail spaces that can be retrofitted into the future home building. This allows for more latitude for personalisation based on occupant needs while ensuring they have the essential kits to work with.

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The street front, although controversial sets off a different kind of home, a future home where urban density can be achieved, vibrancy of streets, external circulation with common areas at a tangent, light coming from two sides with deepened window sills as well as larger bedrooms with added spaces for personalisation.

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CHAPTER 4 INTERGENERATIONAL LEARNING Majority work by Sandra Mansilla

For this particular hybrid, there are two clear uses: education and aged care. In that sense, the space modules were designed in response to those specific needs.We designed personalisation spaces available for living space, common and private, at the aged care facility.

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Intergenerational Learning Aged Care. Space Design

Personalisation Space

1 Private bedroom space

6 Student bedroom nook

11 Customisable seating nook

16 Custom landscaping

2 Built-in storage

7 Built-in planter filter

12 Flexible communal area

17 Public path

3 Disabled access door

8 Curtain pipe for privacy

13 Sliding glass drs facing patio

18 Seasonal crops (variable)

4 Kitchen

9 Shared special care bedroom

14 Shared dining area

19 Seating around path

5 Universal bathroom

10 Private living space

15 Built-in notice board

20 Decking for informal learning

8 2 6

7

2

2

2 4

3 1

4

3

9

5

10

Bedroom

Bedroom

Bedroom

Living

Senior (Solo unit)

Student (Loft unit)

Twin (Special care unit)

Typical

15

11

2

12 Bathroom

3

Typical

13

13

5

3

14

12

13

Entrance

Communal Area

Communal Area

Niches

Living/Sharing

Dining

19 17

19

18 17

16 17

16

16

Walk-through Garden Path

Communal Vegetable Garden

Seating on Path

Workshop Outdoor Expansion

Connection Patio Typ.

Connection Patio Typ.

Learning Courtyard Typ.

Learning Courtyard Typ.

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Intergenerational Learning Serving Suggestions

Bedroom

Bedroom

Living Area

Living

Senior (Solo unit)

Student (Loft unit)

Special Care Unit

Typical

Bathroom

Entrance

Communal Area

Communal Area

Typical

Niches

Living/Sharing

Dining

Walk-through Garden Path

Communal Vegetable Garden

Seating on Path

Workshop Outdoor Expansion

Connection Patio Typ.

Connection Patio Typ.

Learning Courtyard Typ.

Learning Courtyard Typ.

We have bedrooms for elderly -in studios or more private, as well as for those who need special care.

Also, spaces like this on top of bathrooms were designed for students who can live there temporarily.

Universal designed bathrooms, which have light entering from the semi-open corridor, where we can find these niches by the entrance of each unit. These spaces are planned to be customised, but also generate casual encounters. Communal areas for dining and living. And finally, outdoor spaces designed on the ground floor - which were designed as shared intergenerational spaces.

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Intergenerational Learning Educational. Space Design

1 Classroom

6 Folding pnls for integration

11 Glass divider

16 Deck for outdoor learning

2 Whiteboard

7 Sld large drs for integration

12 Meeting pod

17 Custom landscaping

3 Windows facing patio

8 Lobby/open learning

13 Foldable projection screen

18 Plants pots fixed on wall

4 Sliding drs to small patio

9 Notice board

14 Flexible workplace

19 Flexible playground space

5 Built-in storage

10 Individual learning box

15 Seating area

20 Climbing wall

Personalisation Space

7 2 5

5

4

6

5 9

1

1

4

8

1

Classroom

Classroom 1A

Primary (Traditional)

Primary (Indep.)

3

7

4

4

3

Classroom 1B

Lobby/Breakout (Typ)

3

Primary (Indep.)

5

Secondary

5 11

6

13

7

10

6 1

5 14

10

Classroom (Typ.) Secondary

10

Self-learning Meeting Tertiary

3

3

5

Media room

12

Tertiary

11

14 Workshop 1A

11

Tertiary

3

6

3

3

18

18 20 16 17 Pocket Patio 1A Breakout & learning

15

16

15 Pocket Patio 2 Colourful Garden

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18 Pocket Patio 3

Pocket Patio 1B

Playground

Breakout & learning

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Intergenerational Learning Serving Suggestions

Classroom

Classroom 1A

Classroom 1B

Lobby/Breakout (Typ)

Primary (Traditional)

Primary (Indep.)

Primary (Indep.)

Secondary

Classroom (Typ.)

Self-learning Meeting Tertiary

Media room

Workshop 1A

Secondary

Tertiary

Tertiary

Pocket Patio 1A

Pocket Patio 2

Pocket Patio 3

Pocket Patio 1B

Breakout & learning

Colourful Garden

Playground

Breakout & learning

Looking at the modules for education, we have large classrooms, preferably placed at the extremes of the building and also smaller modules for the middle part, that enable us to have these type of pocket patios in between and gain light, views and outdoor expansions from both sides. We also have media and workshop rooms that can be adapted to large or small modules size. And these self-learning and meeting spaces which equal half of one large module.

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Intergenerational Learning Use-specific & Intergenerational sharing spaces

1 Classroom large size

6 Expansive classrooms

11 Communal vegetable garden

2 Classroom small size

7 Private realm

12 Wire mesh platform for concerts

3 Outdoor learning opportinities

8 Shared realm

13 Seatings for informal meetings

4 Natural lighting from 2+ sides

9 Opportunity to personalise

14 Flexible workshop spaces for elderly

5 Flexible for informal learning

10 Outdoor connexion

15 Communal areas for informal visits

Use-specific Spaces 4

1

2

3

1

1

3

1

5

5

5 6

2

Small Classrooms

4

Small Classrooms

+ Patios

Flexible + Patios

Large Classrooms

Large Classrooms

+ Breakout Space

Divided + Breakout

6

9

10 9

9

7

10

Residential Units

Intergenerational Sharing Spaces

5

8

8 Standard

8

8

10

Special Care

Communal Area

Residential Units

Entrance Niches

10

Communal Area Living/Dining

14

11 12

5

6

15

13

8

13 8

8

8

Vegetable Garden & Platform

Seating & Path

Worshop Space

Communal Area

Connection Patio

Learning Courtyard

Learning Courtyard

Age Care Building

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Intergenerational Learning Aged Care Type Floor Plans

1

3

1 Communal area

6 Bathroom

2 Semi-open corridor

7 Kitchen

3 Storage

8 Living area

4 Entrance nook

9 Bedroom

5 Study nook

10 Balcony

1

2

2

4

4

4

5 7

6

6 6

8 7

7 8 9

10

10

Residential Units

0

1

2

5

3

10

Special Care Units

5m

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Intergenerational Learning Educational Type Floor Plans

6

1

7

5

2

3

5 6

Primary (Traditional)

0

1

2

3

6

5m

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1

7

2

6

Primary (Independent Sector)

6 Large classroom

11 Lobby/Breakout

2 Hall/Foyer

7 Pocket patio 1

12 Self-learning box

3 Children bathroom

8 Pocket patio 2

13 Meeting pod

4 Adults bathroom

9 Pocket patio 3

14 Flexible workplace

5 Small classroom

10 Flexible space

15 Media room

5

10

5

8

1 Lift/Staircase

3

9

Intergenerational Learning Educational Type Floor Plans

6

6

6

1 Lift/Staircase

6 Large classroom

11 Lobby/Breakout

2 Hall/Foyer

7 Pocket patio 1

12 Self-learning box

3 Children bathroom

8 Pocket patio 2

13 Meeting pod

4 Adults bathroom

9 Pocket patio 3

14 Flexible workplace

5 Small classroom

10 Flexible space

15 Media room

14 13

13

11 1

2

11

4

1

2

4

15

6

Secondary

0

1

2

3

6

6

12

14

Tertiary/Adults

5m

In this slide, we’re looking at the typical floor plans for the educational building. In this case, having large classrooms at the extremes and smaller ones and different type of pocket patios in the middle.

In this option, we have a narrow circulation from the staircase to distribute to the classrooms…

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Intergenerational Learning Pattern Language / C. Alexander / Public Realm

18 Network of Learning

31 Promenade

85 Shopfront Schools

43 University as a Marketplace

57 Children in the City

40 Old People Everywhere

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Intergenerational Learning Aged Care Facility

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Intergenerational Learning Building Scale + Programme

Res. Single Unit

Res. Special Care

Small - Two Lot Site

Res. Elderly+Student

Class. Primary (Indep.)

Level 2

Class. Primary (Traditional)

Hall/Foyer

Level 1

Cafe Medium - Four Lot Site Retail

Workshop Space

Community Library

Child Care

Age Care Communal Area Large - Eight Lot Site / Greyfields / Brownfields

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Ground Level

Intergenerational Learning Street View

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Intergenerational Learning Public Realm. Architecture in Context

1 Playground

6 Age Care Foyer

11 Educ. Facility Foyer

2 Child Care

7 Community Library

12 Bycicles Storage

3 Cafe

8 Learning Courtyard

13 Retail

4 Vegetable Garden

9 Outdoor Expansion

14 Atrium

5 Connection Courtyard

10 Workshop Spaces

15 Drop-off Area

4

14

1

11

12

9 5

8

10

7

2

13

10 3 6

0

1

2.5

5

10m

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9

13

15

Intergenerational Learning Vegetable Garden

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Intergenerational Learning Classroom

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CHAPTER 5 ACTIVITY NODE Majority work by Jessica Lupita

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CHAPTER 6 PARKDALE 20-minute Neighbourhood Case Study

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Intergenerational Learning Demographic

Intergenerational Learning Lots Selection

Education Dominant Groups

Hybrid Scale Selection 2x Medium

Primary School 180 Students 30 Teachers & Staff Aged Care

Primary School (Other non government)

2020

(Other non government)

2050

1349

1112

2020 Secondary School

21.3%

13.5%

847

2050

961

+237

24 Res. Units

76%

24 Elderly 12 Students

+114

79% Tertiary Institution

2020

20%

2050

680

567

+113

Aged Care

2020 65 yo and over

20%

1868

2050

2055

26%

+187

Education Facility 90 Secondary School Students

Aged Care

90 Tertiary

24 Res. Units

Educ. Students

24 Elderly

25 Professors & Staff

12 Students

(*)Data from Australian Bureau of Statistics

Intergenerational Learning Related Facilities Mapping

100

200

300

400

500m

0

100

200

300

400

500m

Intergenerational Learning Hybrid Typology Location

5 4

0

3 6

7 2

1

8

9

Age Care Facilities Educational Facilities 1 Primary School (Private) 2 Primary School (Private) 3 Primary School (Private) 4 Primary School (Public) 5 Childcare and Kindergarden 6 Primary School (Public) 7 Secondary School (Private) 8 Primary School (Private) 9 Primary School (Public) Medical Facilities Reserves with Sportive Ground

0

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100

200

300

400

500m

Active Node Demographic

Active Node Lots Selection

Jobs / Family Type

Hybrid Scale Selection 1x Medium

Dominant Use 22 Offices units

2016 Professionals

10%

1715

2050

1886

200 Workers

+171

80% 6 Shop Houses 3 Cafes Health Care

2016 Couple w/Children

10%

1608

2050

1769

Mode of Transport 1 Commmunity Facility (Family recreation

2016 Get to work by car

3823

20%

2050

& entertainment)

5734

Active Node Related Facilities & Retail Strip Mapping

100

200

300

400

500m

0

100

200

300

400

500m

Active Node Hybrid Typology Location

1 1

2

0

1

1 1

1

Commercial 1 Retail Strip 2 Shopping Centre Medical Facilities Station

0

100

200

300

400

500m

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Green Typology Related Green Areas Mapping

Green Typology Hybrid Typology Location

Reserves, Parks and Beach

0

100

200

300

400

500m

0

100

200

300

400

500m

Green Typology Lots Selection

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100

200

300

400

500m

Future Home Population Demand Dwelling Type

Dwelling No.

Increase of

Parkdale Population to increase by

from 2016 ABS census 24% 2 bedroom

1246

+149

5.4%

40% 3 bedroom

2077

+243

21% 4 bedroom

1090

+118

4% 5 bedroom

208

+51

11% unstated... or let’s say 1 bedroom

571

+312

by

2036

HIGHER DEMAND FOR DWELLINGS WITH MORE THAN 2 BEDROOMS

Number of households increase by

Type of Living Arrangement 2011

7.6% by

2036

Future Home Hybrid Typologies 2, 3 & 4 Mapping

INCREASE IN FAMILY-TYPE DWELLINGS

2016

Family 2930

3090

+5.4%

Single 1284

1207

-6%

Group 104

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-4.8% Hybrid Typology 2 Hybrid Typology 3 Hybrid Typology 4

0

100

200

300

400

500m

0

100

200

300

400

500m

Future Home Hybrid Typology Location

Future Home Lots Selection

0

100

200

300

400

500m

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Parkdale Precinct Masterplan

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Precinct Proposition Public and Active Transport Existing cycling corridor Existing train line

Mentone Station

Proposed bus route Existing cycling corridor

Thrift Park Activity Centre

Existing bus route

Proposed cycling corridor

Proposed bus stops Proposed bus route along spine

Mordialloc Station

Parkdale School & Activity Centre

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Precinct Proposition Land uses & Zoning

1_Hybrid Typologies 1, 2, 3 & 4

2_Existing facilities/ commercial strip

3_New cultural facility prop.

4_Mix Use

5_Res. Mid-dens.

(Private)

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6_Res. Mid-dens.

(50% afford. housing)

7_Res. Mid-dens.

(50% intergen. housing)

5m min. front setback 1m min. side setback 11m max. height 50% max. site coverage

Precinct Proposition Green Strategy

1_Hybrid Typology 4 in Gerry Green Reserve

2_>50% Greening in underutilised spaces

3_Greening & linking existing parks

4_Dense canopy cover in Spine street trees

5_Less dense canopy cover in Secondary paths

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Precinct Proposition Public Realm in a 20-minute Neighbourhood Local playgrounds and parks

Ability to age in place Local schools

Lifelong learning opportunities

Housing diversity

Connected within the region

Green streets and spaces

Community gardens

Affordable housing

Local employment opportunities Walkability

Safe cycling networks

Local public transport

Safe streets

Local health facilities and shopping centres Sports and recreation

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$ႇRUGDEOH housing

Precinct Proposition Aerial View

HT3: Local employment opportunitties

HT2: Ability to age in place Local playgrounds and parks

HT3: Local health facilities and shopping centres Green streets and spaces

HT1: Housing diversity

Sports and recreation Safe streets

HT2: Lifelong learning opportunities Local public transport

Safe cycling networks Connected within the region

Walkability

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Spine Street Street Treatment

0

1

5

10

15m

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Spine Street A Vibrant Public Realm

0

1

5

10

15m

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Spine Street Sitting & Walking Areas

0

1

5

10

15m

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Spine Street A Vibrant Public Realm

0

1

5

10

15m

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Streetscape Universal Design 3

4 8 5

1

9 2

6

10

11

1 Wide sidewalks and pathways

5 Places of enclosure

9 Frequent seating with arms

2 Areas for socializing

6 Perpendicular tactile paving

10 Well-lit and consistent lighting

3 Clearly defined spaces

7 Pedestrian safety islands

11 Green infrastructure

4 Attenuated acoustic environment

8 Flexible seating

7

(*) Design Guide from American Society of Landscape Architects / Centre for Universal Design Australia

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Streetscape 13.90m

11.00m

HT2 / Cafe / Aged Care

0

0.5

1

2.5

Cafe Decking / Public Seating

Footpath

Seating / Planting Strip

Bike Lane

Green Strip

Bus Lane

Planting Strip / Sidewalk

Res. Private Front Yard

± 6m

min. 2.50m

3m

3m

2m

6m

4m

5m

5m

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Residential Building

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Urbano: Walkability

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‘Business-As-Usual’ vs ‘20 For 20’

We are proposing a perfectly packaged precinct design plan We are proposing a more flexible approach to urban planning with a selection of lot placements + programme mixes shaped by community and planners.

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Lot Size Tolerance Modifying Parameters

5% Tolerance

10% Tolerance

20% Tolerance

344 Lots

814 Lots

1179 Lots

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Final Thoughts Precincts Shaped by Collaboration

10% Tolerance - Option A

10% Tolerance - Option B

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Twenty For Twenty

NEW HYBRID TYPOLOGIES TO CREATE 20-MINUTE NEIGHBOURHOODS FOR 20 SUBURB TYPES

Intergenerational Learning Vegetable Garden

Affordable housing

HT3: Local employment opportunitties HT2: Ability to age in place

HT3: Local health facilities and shopping centres

Local playgrounds and parks Green streets and spaces

Sports and recreation

HT1: Housing diversity

Safe streets HT2: Lifelong learning opportunities

Local public transport

Safe cycling networks

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5

T6 T7 T8 T9 T10

T11 T12 T13 T14 T15

T16 T17 T18 T19 T20

Connected within the region

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Thank You

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APPENDICES

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Inner South Typology Mapping

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Future Wheels

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Passive Design + Passivhaus Research (Not our Work)

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Mapping Task Week 1. Individual Work

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Part 1. My experience of highly localised living

1. Domestic patterns.

2. External patterns.

3. Sense of connectivity.

2. External patterns.

3. Sense of connectivity.

Part 2. Combination of classmate’s drawings styles

1. Domestic patterns.

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Massing-Yield Studies Week 2. Individual Work

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Scenario 1. Site with two blocks

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First Explorations with Urbano Week 3. Individual Work

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Sketches & Design Process Week 11-12. Individual Work

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