Portofolio Estika Ayuningtyas 2023

PORT FOLIO

ABOUT ME

Hi! I am Estika, a designer and a craft enthusias. I always value professionalism, ability to think systematically, and keen orientation to detail in the design process. In the architecture field, I have a keen interest in the field of residential, landscaping, and interiors. The values of function, inclusivity and locality when creating a good space for users are items that I always prioritize.

MY CONTACT

089672238165

estika.ayuningtyas@gmail.com

EDUCATION

Gadjah Mada University Architecture (2019-2023)

GPA: 3.70/ 4.00

ORGANIZATION & WORK EXPERIENCES

Exhibition & Deciration Div. Staff - Wiswakharman Expo 2021

Create Design and 3D visualization for the WEX 2021 virtual exhibition

PubDecDoc Div. Staff - Tegal Education Week (TEW) (2021/2022)

Create and publish weekly TEW's social media content

Secretary - KASTAGAMA (2020-2021)

Write internal and external letters for the organization

Construct organization's Treasure Accountability Report

Meeting minutes, organize, & schedule the committees

Secretary - Simultan Tegal 2021

Write MoU and letters for internal and external committees

Meeting minutes, organize, & schedule the committees

Research Div. Staff - Pamiy (2019-2020)

Formulate, implement and moderate webinars

Formulate architectural exhibitions

INTERESTS

Architecture

Crafting & Handicrafts

LANGUAGES

Indonesian (Native)

English (B2-Upper intermediate)

SMAN 1 TEGAL (2016-2019)

Visual Drafter - Citra Numusi Birawa (Cinurawa) (2023)

Drafter: prepares 2D and 3D visualization for Augmented Reality (AR)

Intern Architect - PT. Tri Patra Consultant (2022)

Assist junior architects': field survey, drafting, project presentation for clients, and make design ideas drafts

COMPETITIONS

Design Competition Pasca KKA 2021 - KKA UGM Entry

Platinum Architectural Design Competition (PADC)

2022 - Platinum Ceramic

Judging stage 1

KMGFT 2022 - Kemendikbudristek

Incentive winner

PKMVGK 2022 - Kemendikbudristek

UGM internal selection

PKMRE 2022 - Kemendikbudristek

UGM internal selection

est20.01

Kramat, Kab. Tegal

Kasihan, Kab. Bantul (domicile)

SOFTWARE

MAIN SOFTWARE

SKETCHUPAUTOCADPHOTOSHOPENSCAPE

SECONDARY SOFTWARE (3D modelling)(DED)(Rendering)(Rendering)

MS. POWER POINT (Layouting)

Block 3

SiteZoning DESIGN

SafeZone

The site as a connector that provides access for pedestrians to access other objects in the area without reducing the focus on the choosen building BufferZone

SafeZone Safe Zone as a child-friendly outdoor play area and recreation space that encourages active movement.

BufferZone Green Space as a pedestrian-friendly transition area from heavy traffic.

BUILDINGSIGNAGE

COOLINGPOND

HALTE&SITTINGAREA

VEGETATIONARRANGEMENT

ELEVATION

FOODCOURT

UKM CENTER

South

North

North

PERSPECTIVE & DETAIL

Transparency with vegetation enclosure as walls

Modular Furniture in Exhibition space

Adaptive Reuse with Sliding Door Elements

Porous walls made of brick for ventilation

HOME STUDIO

Interior; residential

ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITIONS

2022 I Platinum Architectural Design Competition (PADC) by Platinum Ceramic.

Team: Estika Ayuningtyas I Nabila Amalia R.

Apartment for freelance designer couples.

With the theme of multi-purpose space, the apartment units were created as a place to live as well as a productive work space by payingattentiontoprivacythroughseparating thefunctionsofspace.

neutral+natural

Neutral and natural atmosphere made by using textured materials and earth tone colors

PN DAYTONA BROWN 5050

PN CRESPO DECOR 2550

PN DOMINIC 5050

LOGAN WHITE REC

AT ARTEMIS GREY 4040

PN THOMSON GREY DECOR REC 3060

PN CRESPO GREY BASIC

HOW TO IMPLEMENT A MULTIFUNCTIONAL SPACE IN THE HOME OFFICE?

Zoning with visual directions to define different orientations to maximize the function of open spaces

maximize SPACE FLEXIBILITY

Working Space withvisual orientation towards the mini garden and pinboard wall to keep focus.

Publicarea with recreative orientation towards TV and window.

Service area (kitchen and toilet+laundry) with orientation towards enclosedspace(inside).

Stairs with orientation to private area (bedroom) on the mezzanine floor for the residents.

WORKING AREA & PUBLIC AREA

WALK IN CLOSET

UNDERSTAIRS AREA

BED ROOM

SETUNGGAL

TOURISM MANAGEMENT OFFICE

Office; cultural

ARCHITECTURAL STUDY PROJECTS

2021; 4th Semester

Tourist management office designed on North RingRoad, Sleman. With the concept of setunggal, which means one, this building combines the character of millenial and gen z workers with Jogja tourism as an expression of surrounding working place. It manages to form a unified environment that boosts a productiveworkatmosphere.

The main

CONCEPT

The space supports a cooperative work environment

Created through hierarchical disguise, openness communal space between staff

Buildings as an expression of Yogyakarta tourism 2.

The facade and architectural design created using local material as inspiration to represent the cultural image of Jogja.

LOCATION : RingRoad Utara street, Nayan, Nayan, Maguwoharjo, Depok subdistrict, Sleman district, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta AREA:1069m2

Circulation: The placement of the buildingleavesspacearoundthemass and the in and out circulation adjusts the location of u turn on the main road.

The front area used for parking area and garden to utilize the road border regulation.

Open space in the west to avoid pollutionfromthemainarea(east)

Vegetation for buffer and building's shading.

Core building placement at the southern as a lateral wind force barrier. massing

Kawung Batik ornaments as an expression of the function of the building that manages the Yogyakartatourismarea

entrance takes form of stairs inspired by Jogja buildings as a welcome. A strong expression of locality is achieved through the wooden lattice work and stonework of the temple.

NORTH

MAIN COLUMN 50X50

SHEAR WALL

MAIN BEAM 25X50

PILE CAP FOUNDATION

WORKING SPACE INTERIOR

WORKING SPACE INTERIOR

MAIN LOBBY RECEPTIONIST WAITING ROOM

RECEPTIONIST WAITING ROOM

The main service room is located on 2nd floor with access in the form of stairs inspired by Jogja buildings as a welcome area. These areas accentuate the experience of specific spaces within the building.

DETAIL

Public space; commercial; hospitality

Pusat Kuliner Tegal (=Tegal Culinary Center), a culinary icon of Tegal City which accommodates economic, social and recreational activities with addition of educational elements. Through a creative approach, Tegal Culinary Center serve as contemporary collective facility for culinary developmentinTegal.

LACK OF CULINARY INSTITUTION IN TEGAL CITY

Tegalneedsmoreculinaryinstitution.Ofthe19 LPKs(DPMPTSPData),thereisonlyoneinstitution thatfocusesonthevocationalfieldofculinaryarts.

ISSUES

CULTURAL ASPECT

Foodas Identity

ECONOMIC ASPECT

Creative economy

SPACE REQUIREMENTS AS IDENTITY

How to create a building that can becomeaculinaryiconforTegalCity?

SPACE REQUIREMENTS FOR ECONOMY AND TRADE

How the building accommodate the presence of Tegal Square street vendors andculinarypractitionersinTegalCity?

AIMS & GOALS

KOTA TEGAL

TYPOLOGY OF CULINARY FACILITIES BUILDINGS

Culinary facilities as public spaces with economic, social andtourismfunctioninTegal

A creative approach as a reference for the culinary developmentspacedesign

IDEA

CREATIVE CULINARY CENTER

SOCIAL EDUCATION

ASPECT

Cooking Activities Art

SPACE REQUIREMENTS FOR HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

How to create a building as a forum for culinary community development activitiesinTegalCity?

CREATIVE HUB ARCHITECTURAL APPROACH

TegalCulinaryCenteraccommodates economic, social and recreational activities with addition of educational and development elements through a creative approach through contemporary collectivefacilitiesintheculinaryfield.

TEGAL

CULTURAL

FoodasIdentity

Creative

Economy

SOCIAL EDUCATION

COMMUNITY CULINARY

Public activity spaces based on the character of the Tegal community as identity.

CULINARY MARKET

Culinary Market as an economic space for street vendors and a space for interaction between culinary practitioners and visitors in TegalCity.

EXPLORATION SPACE

Spaces for culinary exploration for the people of Tegal with a creative activity approach

PEMETAAN KONSEP DAN TEORI PENDEKATAN

CULINARY MARKET

The building as an economy and social interaction space through culinary activities and creative process.

EXSPRESSIVE ATMOSPHERE DINING & BOOTH AREA

Identity Expression through atmosphere character classic and contemporer

EXPLORATI ON SPACE

The building accomodate creative culinary activities such as think, practice, and serve culinary products.

COMMUNUTY CULINARY (EDUCATION)

The building act as a community space for public activities and culinary sustaibility process through informal space.

Social Interaction Space

Economic and Trade Sppace

SITE ANALYSIS

Area : ±8.158 m², Site Border : Ø North Housing, Ø East. : Shops, Ø South : KH. Mansur Street, Ø West : Shops.

Land use : trade and services, Spatial regulations : Ø KDB/BCR : max 80 %, Ø KLB/FAR : max 4,8, Ø KDH : minimal 10 %,

ACTIVE MAKERSPACE

Space for active experimental activities to develop Tegal's culinary identity

ACCOMMODATIVE INTERACTION SPACE WITHIN FOODCOURT INFORMATIVE SERVING SPACE

Adaptive social spatial planning that accomodate kinds of users at dining and street vendors area

COLLABORATIVE WORKING SPACE

Focus working space for Culinary Creative Economy (Ekraf) support

Informative

WARTEG CHARACTER

Tegal's culinary identity expression within the building through Warteg's contemporary character

COMMUNITY PLAZA

Plaza as public activities spaces for thematic events

PRESENTATION & EDUCATION SPACE

Knowledge

Ø GSB : 9,5 m, Ø GSJ : 7,5 m.

The site location is located on KH. Mansyur street, Mangkukusuman Village, East Tegal District, Tegal City. The site is located in a strategic area of Tegal City which functions as the city center, landmark, public space and green open space.

Unoccupied land with a relatively flat contou Tre site filled with shrubs and gardens; a house; and a goat stall that is actively used. There is a Police Post and Senggol Market which contains street vedors which land use is not optimally used

Building's orientation is visually accessible from the south (road) and southeast (City square)

Elimination of Senggol Market, Police station, and single house with consideration of the functionalpurposeandcityregulation

Mass placement perpendicular to southeast directiontocreateviewfromthesquare

Single site accessibility via KH Mansur street (±9 m) on the south side included with existing pedestrian path

One way road circulation from west to east Traffic density tends to be loose except on weekends in the afternoon to evening. Noise levels tend to be low to moderate

Front entrance in the same direction of traffic (westtoeast)

Placing parking area in the back, allowing pedestrian-friendlyinthefrontspace

The intensity of the sun tends to be scorching hot. The surrounding buildings create shadows on the site.

The ideal massing area extends west-east withopeningsfacingnorth-south. The south and east areas potentially as outdoor activity areas (considering the height of the surrounding buildings and site circulation).

Areas that are shaded by surrounding buildings can be used as outdoor activity areas

Site Zoning

Parking Area

Pedestrian

Vehicles Pedestrian Ideal Mass Area Circulation access concideration outside the site to create zoning and circulation within the site.

Estimated Mass

The masses are grouped into the western area of the site, with the eastern area focused on street vendors landscaping.

Adjustment to Site Visual Access

Turning the south side part to respond the main visual access from the road and visual access from the City square's (Southeast) flying deck.

Application of the Plaza Concept

Application of the inner court as a plaza for sensory stimulation and access to passive air conditioning in the building

Implementation of Leveling

Application of low-rise floors in the south and east; and high-rise floors to the west and north area to create comprehensive visual access to the inside and outside of the site.

Creative-Economic Function Zoning of Building Mass

Grouping of building functions based on the Meso Concept (Culinary Market-Exploration Space-Community Culinary).

Implementation of the Warteg Character

Implementation of the Warteg Character through material adaptation, appearance adaptation, and development of facade patterns as the Mass Identity.

Further mass development until a detailed shape is obtained Massing Development

DROP OFF

SOUTH(FRONT)

WEST NORTH

WARTEGCHARACTERADAPTATIONCONCEPT

PLANE TRUSS

Warteg

CONTEMPORER FOODCOURT

CLASSIC FOODCOURT

SOUTHERN LOBBY PLAZA INNERCOURT

MAKERSPACE

MULTIFUNCTION TERRACE

MAKERSPACE

WORKING SPACE

NORTHEN LOBBY

Column30x30

Column20x20

Beam15x20

FootplateFoundation

Beam20x40 ANCHORCONNECTION

OUTDOOR STREET VENDORS

SOUTHERN LOBBY PANGGUNG EKSPRESI

CONTEMPORER FOODCOURT

The use of Duotone expression and development of slanted, gable, and hip roof as adaptation of Warteg characteristic when forming Pusat Kuliner Tegal's massing identity.

CLASSIC FOODCOURT

CONTEMPORER FOODCOURT

STAIR (INTERMISSION SPACE)

SECTION C-C

Circulation

Display/Exhibition

Personal Meeting

Elevation

Multifunction Terrace Detail

CONTEMPORER CULINARY BOOTH

ALUMINIUM FRAME

CONTEMPORER CULINARY DINING AREA

NORTHEN LOBBY

POP UP STORE

CLASSIC CULINARY DINING AREA

NORTHEN LOBBY

CULINARY MAKERSPACE

CULINARYMARKET&COMMUNITYPLAZA

Circulation towards the site as Process Enabler for trade

CIRCULATION ALTERNATIVES AS PROCESS ENABLER FOR TRADE

The branch of circu ation at the outdoor site area used for direct the visitor enjoying all the outdoor area

From outside (Pedestrian)

From inside (Parking area)

Accommodation for various entertainment activities and group activities through the expression stage and plaza stairs as a collective space.

OPEN STAGE AND STAIRS AS COLLECTIVE SPACES PROCESS ENABLER

EXPLORATIONSPACE

Attractive accents through contrast and bright colors are made in the makerspac3 which indicates active and enjoyable physical work activities.

OUTDOOR STREET VENDORS AS SOCIAL DIMENSION

Outdoor spaces as activity points ->

Social Dimension for visitors and street vendors

Market

Public transport stop

Seating & dining area

ATRACTIVE INTERIOR COLORS

As active Indicator ofCulture

Ceramic pattern on the wall

MATERIALS

Finishing Paint on the walls with contrasting colors

Supporting facilities (toilet & washing area)

Wooden Floor Patterns in private spaces

Geometric composition pattern

SPICES HOUSE NUSANTARA

Landscape; cultural; hospitality

ARCHITECTURAL STUDY PROJECTS

2022; 7th Semester

Landscape design located at Kaliurang Street

Km. 18.5, Sleman, DIY. Rumah Rempah

Nusantara is a garden with a "one stop destination" concept as a means of educational recreation place by integrating the functions of cultivation, processing, researchandcommercialrecreation.

design concept Site

Nusantara (Islands = archipelago)

Garden Exploration

one stop destination that represents the spice producing islands in the archipelago

Processed spices

Direct packaging

Training center

Manufacture

Rumah Rempah Nusantara represents form of spices as educational place that are integrated in one area. Within one stop destination concept, the attraction is divided into 4 building function groups, creating a comprehensive garden exploration experience. The location on Jalan Kaliurang makes it suitable as one of the destination stops in a series of trips to Merapi.

Greenhouse Cultivation garden

Cultivation

Research

Greenhouse & Garden Laboratory

Research

Form Finding: Forms of Various Spices

Restaurant

Souvenir store Mini museum

Recreational commercial

Kaliurang Street Km. 18.5, Sambi Village, Pakembinangun, Kepanewon Pakem,Sleman,DIY.

Land use: Rural residential areas & food crop areas

Land area +- 80 ha

KDB: 45 %

KLH: 20 %

KLB 4

Legend : Tropical Fruit Garden

Conventional Garden

Uncultivated Land Trees

Greenhouse

Building mass

Primary Collector Road

Neighborhood Road River

Focus - Spice Garden

Gardens to create an atmosphere through vistas and direct experiences.

used as active cultivation land that can be explored,

plants and trees are used for production needs and soil support.

Massing - Cluster

The mass arrangement on the site clustered as which represent the production, recreation and educational functions related to spices. connected by circulation in the form of a bridge, visitors can enjoy the experience of the garden atmosphere in between the mass.

Circulation - Pedestrian Oriented

Circulation within the site in the form of open bridge specified for pedestrians and free of vehicles to maximize the atmosphere "between the gardens" directly.

A ringroad for vehicles and managers (service) so that visitors can see the garden entirety via vehicle by going around the garden.

Small River - Irrigation

Irrigation on cultivation area uses nearby river water sources which are channeled through small rivers within the site. Apart from utilizing nature for land irrigation needs, irrigation also functions to build up a beautiful atmosphere within the site.

Wall Transparency

The walls transparancy blurs the boundaries betweenindoorand outdoorspaces.

Hallway as a transition between indoor and outdoor space

Curved Mass Form

Indoor and outdoor corridors act as transition spaces beforeheadingtothe bridge.

The curved shape allows the sides not to form corners so that the interaction of the vistas is maximized and not blocked.

mini

1st FLOOR PLAN mini museum

museum mini museum

north

east

south west

training center training center

ROOF PLAN training center

1st FLOOR PLAN training center

north east

south west

resto & cafe, souvenir store, mushola

resto & cafe, souvenir store, mushola

ROOF

1st

north

east

south

west

greenhouse

north east

2nd FLOOR PLAN greenhouse

3rd FLOOR PLAN greenhouse

ROOF PLAN greenhouse

1st FLOOR PLAN greenhouse

south west

production house & research center production house & research center

ROOF PLAN production house & research center

1st FLOOR PLAN production house & research center

north east south west

perspective

The bridge as the main circulation

The mass arrangement on the site is connected with circulation in the form of bridge to provide flow flexibility and the experience of enjoying the garden through circulation between masses by prioritizing circulationcomfort.

ringroad as secondary circulation

To get another experience of enjoying the garden to the fullest, paved circulation using golf cars as platform is used to surround the site.

Galengan Pematang

For staff and personal circulation withinthecultivationarea

aerial view

aerial view

garden (circulating beds)

toward training center (bridge)

toward greenhouse (bridge)

ringroad

training center's auditorium

training center's lobby

outdoor dining area and playground greenhouse

sviewing area (mini museum's rooftop)

mini museum's lobby

production house's terracerestorestaurant's dining area

SENSORY PATH

ARCHITECTURAL CLASS PROJECT

2022 | Team: Estika Ayuningtyas I Adisti D.W. I Salwa A.R. Landscape; park

The Sensory Path intended as a flowing walkway design in UGM DTAP Innercout garden. The walkway in Innercourt contains sensory experiences that cover various five senses. It is hoped that this innercourt can createaspacethathasarecreationalfunction inthemidstofaneducationalfunction.

Site Analysis

DESIGN CONCEPT

Entrance

Circulation from outside area to inside Innercourt Park through 6 entrances.

3 entry access from theoutsideofDTAP

3 entrances from inside the building of DTAP

Movement inside the path

Circulation in Innercourt garden flowing thorough, from one side to theotherwithoutanyobstacles.

Function

Innercourt is a place to gather and takephotos.

The northeast side is a place to sit andsocialize.

Other areas in Innercourt only function as greenery areas and paths.

Micro climate

Averagetemperature25°.

Averagewindspeed3km/hfromsouthside. Moderaterainfall.

FUNCTION CONCEPT

"Recreation Amidst Education"

Creating a space that has a recreational function in the midst of an educational function yet it still carries several learning functions in the park area.

SENSORY GARDEN CONCEPT

"Colorful Life"

Bring a cheerful atmosphere into the innercourt with the application of colors that can pamper the eyes and clear the mind.

Legend

Seating Area

Outdoor Education & Installation

Hammock

Sensory Garden

Relaxing Area - Sensory Path

Innercourt

SOFT-SCAPE PLAN

Visual Sensory

The Northern Area filled with patterned foliage plants with a dominant brown color surrounded by Purslane flowers as a visual sensory representation for the PWKStudyProgram

Smell Sensory

Aroundtheentry areainthe

Southwest,aromatic plants(gardeniaand jasmine)addedto wayfinding

Mixed Sensory

Visual Sensory

Eastern area for patterned foliage plants with a dominant color of Red as a visual representation of the Architecture Study Program

DATA OF SELECTED PLANTS

Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides)

flower plant with a refreshing sweetaroma.

1-2mplantheight.

Can thrive in lowland to highland tropical climates in theshadearea

Smell Sensory

Southeast area for low grass plants as wayfinding

The South Area grid can be filled with plants that vary according to the season (taking into account plants that are resistant to direct sunlight) to form an interactiveatmospherethatisnotmonotonous

ALTERNATIVE VEGETATION (SOUTHERN GRID)

White Jasmine (Jasminum sambac)

Flower plant with fresh & fragrantsmell

30cm-1mShrubplantheight

Can thrive in tropical climates with direct sunlight throughout theyear

Red Kochin Aglaonema (Aglaonema sp.)

Patternedleafplants

20cm-50cmplantheight

Grows with indirect light (shade)

PURSLANE (Portulaca grandiflora)

Floweringshrubplants

Uptotinggian50cmheight

Can grow in tropical climates

withdirectsunlight

Growsallyearround

Ashoka (visual sensory, taste)

Lidah Mertua (tactile sensory)

Hibiscus (visual sensory)

Canna flower (tactile sensori)

Lily Paris (tactile sensory)

Sunflower (visual sensory, taste)

Relaxing Area-Sensory Path

Student reflect and relax area with paths ofvarioustextures

Main Circulation

Inner circulation that connects every sensory attraction

Secondary Circulation

Circulation to create experience within eachattraction

Outdoor Study Area

Outdoor area that can be used for student discussions and outdoor lectures

SensoryPathTexture

PAVEMENT MATERIAL DATA

Mozaic Stone

PavementforMain circulation

Gravel Pavementfor secondarycirculation

Paving Block

PavementforOutdoor StudyArea

Mixed Texture

PavementforSensory Path

GravelSoft

Brick River Stone Grass

A-A'

B-B'

2D AND 3D VISUALIZATION PKMVGK TEAM UGM 2022

SMART CITY: URBAN AREA DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ENERGY INDEPENDENT AND HEALTHY SETTLEMENT TO CREATE A RESILIENT AND SUSTAINABLE CITY

Team: Estika A. I Roihatul J. I Tsamarah N.S. I Timotius E.P. I M. Haris Y.

PKMVGK is an academic competition that involves interdisciplinary students to compose scientific work with video output. In this competition, I was tasked with creating 2D and 3D visualizations of smart city and healthy settlement concepts.

HEALTHY SETTLEMENT

An energy independent concept that integrates rain water harvesting methods, photovoltaicsystems(solarpanelsystems),andwindturbines.

FUTURISTIC SMART CITY

rain water harvesting

NERO:

ENERGY, EMISSION, AND WASTE SUSTAINABLE GREEN BUILDING FOR REDUCING EMISSIONS, ADDITIONING LIFE, WASTE PROCESSING, AND ENERGY SAVING OF BUILDINGS

Team: Estika A. I Difa H.A.P. I Fredy S. I Haidar A.A.

PKMVGK is an academic competition that involves interdisciplinary students to compose written scientific work with a focus on creating realistic futuristic ideas. In this competition, I was tasked with creating a 3D visualization of the NERO concept through a 6-story building.

We provide solutions in the form of Sustainable & Smart Green Buildings Design that integrate :

Transparent

Passive Refrigerating System/Anti Green House Material

Solar Panel Air Purifier

Transparent Solar Panel

Using transparent solar panel as windows in building desain will give building capabilities to produce clean electricity that can be used to reduce grid electricity used by building. From our simulation, this approach can reduce up to 30% grid electricity used.

Air Purifier

Some cities may have air pollution concentrations well above WHO guidelines. Placing air purifiers in places used for outdoor activities will decrease pollution in those areas and maintain residents health.

Self Repairing Concrete

Building in some areas on the globe may get constant disturbance from natural disaster i.e. earthquake especially countries on the volcanic ring and tectonic plate boundaries that can make undetectable crack inside buildings wall that render its strength and lifetime.

Passive Refrigerating System/Anti Greenhouse Material

Building in some areas on the globe may get constant disturbance from natural disaster i.e. earthquake especially countries on the volcanic ring and tectonic plate boundaries that can make undetectable crack inside buildings wall that render its strength and lifetime.