LAND7321_Assessment3_Final Portfolio

LAND7321 LANDSCAPE TECHNOLOGY 2

PORTFOLIO ESTELLE SHI CHEN

Estelle Shi Chen THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES

CONTENTS 1.Introduction

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2.Design Themes

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3.Design Challenges

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4.Site Analysis 5.Strategy of Innovative Technology 6.Technology Implementation

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7.Conclusion

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8.References

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1.SITE INTRODUCTION Erina is s suburb located in the Central Coast region of New South Wales, between Gosford and the Pacific Ocean at Terrigal. Erina is the main commercial center of the Central Coast; it owns Erina Fair which established in 1987. There is the largest shopping center of Central Coast; it contains over 330 shops and stores. The name Erina means “the place where the launching ceremony is held� (Wikipedia 2019).

Erina attracts people from all over the Central Coast because it has a well-developed infrastructure, including open spaces, hospitals, schools, sports facilities, retail stores, and alliance clubs. This means that Erina has unlimited potential, and urban designers, landscape architects have more opportunities to plan the future and improve the existing condition, creating a more dynamic and comfortable local center for residents.

Fig.1 Location

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2.DESIGN THEMES Design themes and focus area: (Central coast community strategic plan 2018) 1.

Belonging – Increases the creativity, connectivity and local identity of the area.

2.

Smart – What kinds of intelligent innovation could enhance the competitiveness and attractiveness of the region?

3.

Green – Compliance with the concept of environmental friendly and sustainability, the design will not have any negative effects on the environment. Furthermore, the design can add more natural and community aesthetics.

4.

Liveable – Design could reduce the risks, which means provide a dependable design that protects the safety of residents and keeps their healthy lifestyle.

Fig.2 development goals (Central Coast 2018 )

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3.DESIGN CHALLENGES Erina is a place where the village is surrounded by green landscape and beautiful ocean and waterway. The natural environment is very important for coastal features, and the dramatical growth of population and urbanism has brought tremendous pressure on the environment. Protecting the environment is one of the crucial key idea in my design. Erina has water, transportation, health, education and community, and a billion-dollar infrastructure. Because investing in infrastructure to meet the demands of a diverse population is critical. And as a coastal area, the coastal line is very fragile, which means climate change is easy to influence the area, A range of issue include floods caused by rising sea levels, residents’ safety in extreme weather, and water pollution. Alleviating this issue through design is imperative.

Fig.3 Transportation

Fig.5 Aerial photo

Fig.6 Aerial photo

Fig.4 3D Birdview

Fig.7 Aerial photo

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4.SITE ANALYSIS

Fig.8 Topography map

Fig.9 Hydroline map

These five GIS maps show the existing condition of Erina; they are terrain, water & contour, recreation space, residential area, and road network. It can be concluded that Erina’s terrain is relatively flat compared to other areas of Brisbane waters, this means flooding may influence residents’ life. In addition, the maps of recreation space and road network illustrate that there is only one Central coast highway, no other public transport connection such as train line, or light rail line, etc. Furthermore, the distance between the functional spaces is far away, and there is a lack of connection. This situation also highlights some infrastructures are underdeveloped as well. Overall, this is the wicked problem of spatial fragmentation.

Central Coast Highway

Road network Main road Central coast highway

Fig.10 Transport map

Fig.11 resisdential space map

Fig.12 recreation space map

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4.SITE ANALYSIS This map shows the flood extension of three timelines, now, 2050 and 2100. The catchment of Erina Creek is 32 square kilometers. It’s floodplain proper, extending from Carlton road to section B-B, which caused by rainwater runoff. Some areas controlled by oceanographic flooding of Brisbane water (Central Coast Council 2017).

Fig.13 Flooding timelilne

Fig.14 Flooding area

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4.SITE ANALYSIS Four sections are all located at the residential zone of the Erina Creek floodplain and the Brisbane water floodplain. After 100 years, the water level rises about 0.74 meters, directly flooding the ashore houses or buildings.

The flood will bring about potential risks to residential, commercial and industrial development. The affected area is now concentrated near the local central – Erina Fair.

2100 +0.74m Current day

2100 +0.74m Current day

Fig.15 Section 1-1

Fig.16 Section 2-2

2100 +0.74m Current day

Fig.17 Section 3-3

2100 +0.74m Current day

Fig.18 Section 4-4

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4.SITE ANALYSIS The region has a relatively uniform climate, with the wettest coastal and drier inland. Long-term temperature data show that annual average temperatures have continued to increase since 1960. Extreme temperatures sometimes occur, including cold and heat. Although these weather conditions are rare happened, they have considerable impacts on infrastructure, human well-being, and environment. There are more rains in summer and spring, and most rain in autumn. According to flooding analysis, one of the main reason is caused by rainfall run-off.

Fig.18 Monthly rain data (BOM 2018)

Fig.19 Monthly rain and temperature (BOM 2018)

Fig.20 The change of rain pattern (BOM 2018)

The bar chart indicates the change of rainfall pattern in future as it may have a wide range of effects, such as floods and droughts, water quality and soil erosion intensity. The yellow bars represent near future scenarios (20202039), while the red bars represent far future scenarios (2060-2079) (NSW Environment and Heritage 2014). The thin grey line is the individual model, and a total of 12 lines represent the 12 regions of the Central Coast.

They can predict regional climate change.

These models show that autumn rainfall will increase in the future. This means the climatic data can be communicated to the public in combination with the design. It is also a solution to flooding warning.

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4.DESIGN STRATEGY OF INNOVATED TECHNOLOGY The design base on these key strategies: flooding prevention, flooding preparation, flooding response, long-term impact reducing. This is the workflow of the warning system, starting from data collection and transmission, then forecasting.

Interpretation and response contribute to the feedback of warning preparation to improve the warning system. With regard to public awareness, how to improve social resilience? For example, create lines of communication between authorities and the public and residents, which may develop understandable statements on natural condition. In term of the strategy of flooding preparation, we propose to cooperate with the Bureau of Meteorology, aiming to flood forecasting. The last strategy is long term impact reducing, according to the local council document, I choose three points then classification. Avoid and Retreat for a residential area. Protect for asset protection.

Data Collection

Feedback

Data Transmission

Interpretation & Response

Warning Dissemination

Meteorological Forecasting

Monitering Rainfall/ Water river level

Flood Forecasts

Warning Preparation

Fig.21 Design strategy of innovative technology

Bureau of Meteorology Forecasts of river heights

Forecasts Interpretation

Flood Forecasting

Bureau of Meteorology

Monitoring

Warning Construction

Local Goverment: Flood predictions

Emergency Police: Infrastructure & people at risk

Dam operators: Operational decisions

Authorities and public

Fig.22 Design strategy of innovative technology

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5.INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION

NATURAL RESERVE EDUCATIONAL PARK WETLAND PARK DAM & CULVERS PLUG IN DEVELOPMENT BEACH COMBER

Fig.23 Senario

The combination of landscape and human senses, such as taste, feeling, and smell, can be an important method for people to understand the unknown world. We can visualize what we can not see through developing innovative technologies, which could create more opportunities for people to interact with nature. They can show the process of feedback and conversation between two actors like human and animals (Cantrell 2016).

These innovated technologies can be called responsive technologies. Based on the concept of responsive landscape, the design uses the following major innovations: water flow sensors, LED lighting installations, biosensors, and SMS interfaces. And combine them with the floating landscape.

They all located at the edge of some area provides services for community and people by season, act as a buoy which has sponge structure, filter and clean the water. The specific location is in the educational park along the Erina coastal line and the floodplain of Erina Creek (near Barralong Road).

L

A

N

IO AT C U K ED AR P

Wetland Park

Fig.24 Specific location of technologies

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5.INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION LED Lighting

Visual

This technology uses the application and response technology of The Living Architecture Lab, Columbia. The specific workflow is two sensors with battery, One is a biosensor that senses fish movement, and the other is a sensor that detects water quality and water level. The LED light at the top of the buoy will change with the change of water quality and water level. The visitors can see that light could also as an ecological signal for water bodies. Sensors own a powerful local network database to support. Visitors and residents can use the mobile phone message as a medium to connect to the database for data transfer.

Water condition

Sensors

Organisms movement

SMS interface

The first step is sending text messages which followed by notification, and then get real-time feedback from the database. This approach enables nearby residents to understand the local ecological situation effectively and interestingly. It will realize the communication between human and nature and stimulate people’s interests in ecology.

I AT C U K ED AR P

BOM database & Local network L

A

N O

Fig.25 Work flow of technology

Ecological

Education

Warning 13

5.INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION

WATERPROOF CAP

Epoxy lens Reflective cavity

LIGHT FOR DISOLVED OXYGEN LEVEL

Wire bond Anvil Post

LIGHT FOR TEMPERATURE AND MOVEMENT OF FISH

Cathode Anode

SENSOR & CONTROLLER

BLACK FABRIC STRUCTURE

HOSE CLAMP

PIPE

FOAM COLLAR FOR FLOATATION

MARINE GRADE CABLE FOR POWER AND SIGNAL ZIP TIE

Power and signal

Sensor

Fig.27 Detail section

POWER AND SIGNAL TO NEST TUBE

Fig.26 Detail section

The specific structure of the buoy is shown on the left. “It is a visual interface floating on the water’s surface” (Amphibious Architecture 2009). All structures are designed to accommodate a serious of underwater sensors and light-emitting diodes. The sensors track changes in the water bodies over time. Warm colors such as yellow or orange indicate poor water conditions and cool colors such as blue and purple show better and healthy water conditions. They are the devices and path for tracking fish under the water, which are invisible. If the water level rises sharply, the LED lights will flash every two seconds as a flood warning.

The buoy’s materials are coconut fiber, bamboo, recyclable plastic, increase buoyancy.

All materials are non-toxic, do not bring about toxic components to water bodies and underwater organisms. The maintenance cost is not expensive. These small floating landscapes can protect the coast and creek bans from erosion. All of the plants are local species. They can adapt to the local climate.

Their maintenance costs are low, they also have the function of purifying water quality.

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5.INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION = Tolerant of cold temperate climate = Tolerant of tropical climate = Tolerant of temperate & sub-tropical climate = Forest sensitive = Full shade or indirect sunlight Alisma plantago

Bacopa monnieri

= Full sun = Part sun & part shade = Small growing = Medium growing = Large growing = Great as cut flowers = Native to Australia

Glossostigma

Villarsia reniformis

Buoy landscape

Gratrola pernviana

Floating treatment wetland

Wetland Planting

Architectural Grille Planter Wall

Bioswale Fig.28 Detail section

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5.INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION 500mm

LIGHT FOR WATER LEVEL AND QUALITY

120mm-180mm

TIMBER

ALUMINUM ALLOY STRUCTURE

POWER AND SIGNAL SENSOR & CONTROLLER

4500-10000mm Fig.29 Detail section

THE CHANGE OF WATER LEVEL

The second innovative technology is a smart platform that combines the concept of Confluence: the portal to the point in Pittsburgh's Point State Park. The smart platform is installed water flow detectors and LED Lights that lights to visualize water levels.

The location is near Erina Creek.

The fish species are very diverse.

The sensors are used to detect the water level and fish activity, and then use the LED lights on the platform to arrange the lighting in an orderly manner. Two technologies are installed along the coastline (waterfront park and seawall).

LIGHTING

USERS WATCHING

SENSORS UNHEALTHY & HIGH WATER LEVEL

HEALTHY & LOW WATER LEVEL

WATER QUALITY

Ecological Fig.30 Work flow

Education

Warning

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5.INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION They could blur the boundaries, creating the relationship that humans and organisms. Moreover, people can observe water behavior through the platform and directly participate in changes in the flood. The design reflects our resilience scenario framework and brings positive social impacts.

Fig.31 Montage

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6.CONCLUSION This report focuses on one of the existing issues of Erina – floods because it can affect the residents’ livelihoods and economic development. Try to combine the responsive technologies to reduce the natural disaster and realize our resilience framework scenario.

Two technologies both related water. They mainly use sensors, sonar, networks and databases to visualize the current condition of the water. In this way, they are making people contact nature, then creating communication among human, water, water organisms.

There are also many interesting and incredible technologies can be applied in the study site. Although the concept of responsive technology has not been widely recognized by the public, there is huge potential for development. Landscape architects need to discover and understand various devices, and then continue to research and explore how to combine them into the landscape, maximizing economic, social, environmental value.

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7.REFERENCES Cantrell (2016) Case studies on Responsive landscapes and technologies Central Coast (2018) Community strategic plan 2018-2028 https://cdn.centralcoast.nsw.gov.au/sites/ default/files/documents/meetings/edit-meeting/em-25june-2018/item-2-2-attachment-2-community-strategicplan2c-one-central-coast-adoption.PDF Wikipedia (2019) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erina,_ New_South_Wales NSW Environment & Heritage (2014) Central Coast Climate change snapshot AU BOM (2018) Climate data online http://www.bom. gov.au/climate/data/

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