Case Study - Wall Section

CASE STUDY WALL SECTION

ESTEFANY SOFIA GOMES DE SOUSA SYSTEMS SELECTION AND MATERIALS

CONTENTS

STEEL

CONCRETE

01

01

02

03

02

03

01 - 837 Washing Street

01 - Villa Saitan

02 - Rutgers University

02 - 10 Crown Place

03 - Design Museum Holon

03 - Geisel

WOOD

WORKS CITED

01 02

03

01 - Andy Quattlebaum 02 - Wood Innovation & Design Centre 03 - Nest We Grow

STEEL (Steel) .

837 WASHING STREET Is a six-story office and retail development that blends an existing landmarked

Architects: Morris Adjmi Architects

Year: 2014

Area: 52000 ft2

Country: United States

STEEL

building with modern architecture to create an iconic building on a high-profile corner in the vibrant Meatpacking District. It comprises two distinct but coexisting elements: a new twisting steel-and-glass volume and a rehabilitated moderne-style

GLASS

brick warehouse built in 1938. The design also incorporates beds of native plants filling the voids created by the rotating floors, further echoing the High Line’s post-industrial garden setting while softening the interior spaces and reducing stormwater runoff.

(Pintos)

PLANTS

Architects: TEN Arquitectos - Enrique Norten

Year: 2013

Area: 150000 ft2

Country: United States

RUTGERS UNIVERSITY Is the gateway to Rutgers University’s Livingston Campus in Piscataway, New Jersey. The building organizes itself as: classroom, office, public connected vertically by an atrium and horizontally stitched by a variety of scales of communal spaces.

(Sanchez)

The building is LEED Silver equivalent, equivalent is powered by solar panels and the neighboring geothermal borefield built below the quad. All storm water is managed through bioswales and retention ponds on site. The atrium provides high levels of day-lighting into the building and the mechanical system is optimized for lower energy usage. usage Low VOC materials and specialized carpet tiles enhance the air quality. quality

(Sanchez)

DESIGN MUSEUM HOLON The Design Museum Holon is the first museum in Israel dedicated to design, design and is intended to serve as a national

The arrangement of the museum facilities over two staggered levels,

platform for the presentation of design, the development of a significant exhibition collection, the reflection of

connected by an external sculptural ramp - the primary circulation -

Israeli design in the context of global design, and the endorsement of design’s importance in a young emerging state.

articulates the site’s gentle plateau-like topography. topography

(Saieh)

(Saieh)

.

The use of negative spaces trapped between enclosed volumes takes advantage of the local climatic conditions, conditions which allow for near-yearround use of external spaces.The design principle for the entire museum is the idea of creating and exploiting the tension between an internal arrangement of efficient box-like spaces and the dynamic and curvaceous external envelope. envelope The majority of the museum is encircled by five distinct bands of Weathering Steel (Cor-Ten) structure that undulate and move their way in, out, and around the internal volumes.

(Rinaldi)

Architects: Ron Arad Architects

Year: 2010

Area: 4100 m2

Country: Israel

The bands can twist and turn with elastic continuity thanks to a variety of structural solutions. solutions The hollow segments, which account for two-thirds of the total band structure, are tightened by internal cross-ribbing. cross-ribbing These free-flying spans and cantilevers enclose outdoor circulation spaces as they peel away from the galleries.

The bands disappear for a moment underground as they hug hidden concrete anchors, then reappear several yards further along. (!CCor-TenSkin,DesignMuseumHolon!D)

(!C Cor Ten Steel Detail! ..

D)

(!CWallSectionandElevation!D)

(!C Cor Ten Steel in Construction! ..

D)

CONCRETE (Concrete) .

VILLA SAITAN This construction is a collective housing consisting of 11 units. The architecture is covered with a wall in which holes are cut. The complexes have been completely hidden from the exterior, resulting in the structure looking like one single entity. Constructed using concrete concrete, the facade attributes to the play of light light, producing interesting shadows and efficiently filters natural light into the windows arranged behind.

(Natasha Kwok)

Since curved holes are made on a carved wall surface, it is inevitable that the section of the holes is also twisted. This distortion resembles the shape of plants and the organic and free style of nature nature.

(Natasha Kwok)

Architects: Eastern Design Office

Year: 2006

Area: 557 m

Country: Japan

2

Architects: MJP Architects

Year: 2000

Area: 5400m2

Country: England

10 CROWN PLACE

This office building is at the corner of Crown Place and Earl street in the heart of the City of London.

The building has been designed as a modern reinterpretation of the 19th century warehouses which are typical for the surrounding conservation area.

(Bennett)

(Saieh)

The arrangement of paired columns and beams in fine precast concrete, concrete of a quality resembling Portland stone, together with slender intermediate stainless steel columns. columns The facade is strongly modulated by projecting glass bays which sit within the precast concrete frame. The ground floor glazing is set back to give greater privacy to the occupants whilst allowing natural light to drop down into the basement along the perimeter.

(Bennett)

GEISEL The structure shows a remarkable connection between brutalism and futurism futurism, which its architect, William Pereira, pursued throughout his career. The library’s strong concrete piers and hovering glassy enclosures give it a surreal appearance and make a statement about the architect’s generative and imaginative power.

(Langdon)

The original concept planned for a modernist structure entirely comprised of steel and glass. It wasn’t until cost-cutting measures where the structure was re-designed with concrete and relocated to the building’s exterior.

(Langdon)

Pereira studied and classified dozens of university libraries based on their massing massing, circulation circulation, and programmatic arrangements to create the library’s design concept. concept He thought certain shapes were more beneficial than others at supplying specific services he desired, such as daylight in the stacks, stacks the ability to browse the shelves, shelves and future expansion possibility.

(Langdon)

Architects: William L. Pereira & Associates

Year: 1970

Area: 176000 ft2

Country: United States

The tapered cantilevers above the plaza are supported by a basic but innovative structural system comprised of sixteen massive concrete piers rising from the forum level and branching outward at 45-degree angles. They cover the full width of the sixth floor, connecting the hard edges of the enclosed areas with a continuous, diagonal motion that meets the floor plates at their bottom border. To prevent them from bending outward due to the tension carried to them by the floors, each pier is connected to its opposite by almost three-hundred-quarterinch steel tie rods that counteract gravitational forces.

(Langdon)

(Nadkarni et al.) ....

At each aboveground level, giant sheets of plate glass coated in anodized aluminum provide light to the reading spaces and stacks within.

(Langdon)

WOOD (Wood) .

ANDY QUATTLEBAUM

Architects: Cooper Carry

Year: 2014

Area: 16,000 ft2

Country: United

The Andy Quattlebaum Outdoor Education Center was established as a place to integrate students and enable outdoor leisure; it has a strong emphasis on wellness, relaxation, and inclusive activities. This is one of just two projects in the country that uses cross-laminated southern yellow pine timber. timber The building’s CLT roof, roof floors, and shear walls are all left exposed. Steel columns and glue-laminated

(!C Andy Quattlebaum Exterior! ..

D)

beams make up the structural framing.

(Think Wood)

(!C Education Center Interior ..

2!D )

(!C Outdoor Space! . . D)

The structure is made of carbon-storing timber and requires little heating and cooling energy. Its glass facade allows for natural daylighting, daylighting large-scale fans help with cooling load reduction, reduction and there is passive cooling for boat storage areas.

The installation of photovoltaic materials on both roofs will generate enough energy to offset the facility’s needs.

The construction process was also environmentally friendly, friendly with only one dumpster needed during the mass timber installation. (!C Education Center Interior ..

1!D )

(Think Wood)

Architects: Michael Green Arch.

Area:4820m²

Year: 2014 Country: Canada

WOOD INNOVATION & DESIGN CENTRE

The WIDC serves as a gathering place for researchers, academics, design professionals and others interested in generating ideas for innovative uses of wood. It stands 29.5m tall, and at the time of completion it was the world’s tallest modern all-timber structure, structure serving as a benchmark to be broken by other mass timber buildings in the works.

(Woodworks Innovation Network)

(!C Wood Innovation and Design Centre Interior! ..

D)

(Wood Innovation and Design Centre Section).

(!C Wood Innovation and Design Centre Structural ..

Support!D

The facility was conceived to showcase the potential for building mid-rise and high-rise structures using engineered mass timber products. products With the exception of a mechanical penthouse, there is no concrete used in the building above the ground floor slab, . The design incorporates a simple, ‘dry’ structure of systems-integrated CLT floor panels, Glulam columns and beams, and mass timber walls. walls (!C Wood Innovation and Design Centre Exterior! ..

D)

(!C Wood Innovation and Design Centre. . Stairs!D )

(!C Wood Innovation and Design Centre!D )

ARCHITECTS: College of Environmental Design UC Berkeley, Kengo Memu Meadows Entrance

Kuma & Associates AREA : 85 m2 YEAR : 2014 CONTRACTOR : Takahashi Construction Company MECHANICAL ENGINEER : Tomonari Yashiro Laboratory at the Institute of Industrial Science, Bumpei Magori, Yu Morishita DESIGN TEAM : Hsiu Wei Chang, Hsin- Yu Chen, Fenzheng Dong, Yan Xin Huang, Baxter Smith (Instructors: Dana Buntrock, Mark Anderson)

Boundar

PROJECT SUPERVISOR : Kengo Kuma & Associates, Takumi Saikawa STRUCTURAL ENGINEER : Masato Araya

y of Mem

u Meado

ws

Nest We Grow

CITY : Takinoue COUNTRY : Japan (Valenzuela)

NEST WE GROW

BACKGROUND INFORMATION Construction of Nest We Grow began in September 2014. Local craftsmen hoisted the structural members into place using cranes cranes, and then secured the components together by hand. hand

(Jones)

Nest We Grow is an open, public structure which main intent is to bring people in the community together to store, prepare and enjoy local foods in the setting of Hokkaido, Japan. It won the 4th Annual LIXIL International design-build competition in 2014, They focused on techniques including rammed- earth walls, heavy timber construction and straw bale construction with the pursuit of a building that would introduce renewable building techniques. techniques

Led by CED architecture professors Dana Buntrock and Mark Anderson, FAIA, the team used SAP 2000, 2000 Rhinoceros Rhinoceros, and AutoCAD for conceptual design. Oak Structural Design calculated the building’s anticipated loads with the Rhino model.

(Think Wood)

(Think Wood)

PROGRAM The program of the Nest is decided according to the life cycle of these local foods: growing, harvesting, storing, cooking/dining, and composting, which restarts the cycle. All members of the community help to complete each stage.

(Easterling)

Local foods make up the elevation of the Nest as people see the food forest floating above the landform.

(Easterling)

A tea platform in the middle of the nest creates a gathering space where the community can visually and physically enjoy food around a sunken fireplace.

(Easterling)

The wood frame structure mimics the vertical spatial experience of a Japanese larch forest from which food is hung to grow and dry.

(Easterling)

FLOOR PLANS

.

ELEVATIONS

.

MATERIALS Wood was the main material em-

and finish for most of the building: glulam for the columns and beams, plywood for the floor surfaces and dimensional lumber for the planking

Steel plates connect the columns together and provide connections for the steel rod cross bracing.

STEEL

WOOD

ployed, which acts as both structure

(Jones)

used as walkways.

(Mun-Delsalle)

as staircases at the building base.

POLYCARBONATE

(Mun-Delsalle)

Translucent, lightweight and undulating polycarbonate sheets on the facade and roof.

(Mun-Delsalle)

CONCRETE

Hand-plastered concrete walls doubling

JOINTS

Hokkaido (Japan–based Takahashi Construction Co.) sourced the wood locally for the glulam members, members notched the timbers to create the moment connections, and assembled the composite columns in its workshop. Double-decker trailer trucks transported the columns and glulam beams to the project site. tions (Jones)

MOMENT CONNECTION

1

2

3

4 (Berenguer)..

6

1 . 6 x 6 g lu la m la r c h t imb e r 2. St e e l p la t e t a b f o r c r o s s - b r a c in g 3. 3 ! D x 1 0 ! D g l u l a m l a r c h t i m b e r b e a m 5

4. 0 . 2 4!D s t e e l p l a t e s - 1 1!D x 1 6!D o r 1 1!D x 1 7!D 5. 16 mm, 3 3 0 mm b o lt s (40 p e r c o lu mn ) 6. No t c h (4 p e r mo me n t c o n n e c t io n ) (Jones)

(Berenguer)

DYNAMIC LOADS

Together, these techniques ensure the structural stability of the Nest against wind and earthquake loads.

(Jones)

The steel plates that connect the columns together also Nine larch timber columns anchored in concrete footings

provide connections for the steel rod cross bracing. bracing The

provide the building’s primary structural support. support

vertical bracings at the first and second levels are critical to withstand seismic forces. forces (Jones)

Horizontal rigidity was achieved by taking advantage of the existing catwalks catwalks, which wrap around the upper levels of the Nest and act as bracing.

(Jones)

(Jones)

.

Composite Columns

(Catwalk as Bracing) .

Diagonal Steel Bracing

Catwalk as bracing

transparent glass with wooden frame

(Jones)....

(Berenguer)....

(Huang)....

WALL SECTION

(!C Nest We Grow | UC Berkeley CED Graduate Team! .... D )

20mm translucent polycarbonate slope roof (34.5% slope)

20mm translucent polycarbonate exterior

irrigation water pipe nail

!C L!D steel catwalk

15mm PEX tube Japanese larch1 with wax concrete panel packed earth

5mm glass adobe brick 25mm wood

concrete The four-story structure sits on an approximately 8-foot-tall, structurally isolated concrete wall that wraps the ground floor and helps protect the timber from moisture.

gravel

concrete footing

perforated pipe

1

is a sun-loving, deciduous conifer native to Japan. (The Morton Arboretum)

24 x 120 larch 20mm rafter stainless steel adjuster 5mm waterproofing 15mm plywood 150mm insulation 150mm beam 10mm plywood 25mm plaster with chicken wire

25mm plaster 10mm plywood 75mm rigid insulation 75 x 150 larch wooden frame

75mm plaster with PEX tubes 15mm plywood 150mm wooden frame with insulation batts 150mm beam 10mm plywood

The shape signifies the Nest’s ability to bring nature in the form of air air, water and light into the Nest.

RESPONSE TO SITE

(Jones)....

(Berenguer)....

(Huang)....

(!C Nest We Grow | UC Berkeley CED Graduate Team! .... D )

(!CNestWeGrow!D)

irrigation water pipes

water out water tank

The openness of the facade allows the building to incorporate the surrounding natural environment into the interior climate, but can also be closed off to create a buffer between the two. (!CNestWeGrow!D)

The funnel-shaped roof harvests rain water and snow melt. The collected water is delivered to tanks that are then used to irrigate the plants in the concrete wall. (!CNestWeGrow!D)

WATER COLLECTION SYSTEM

The Nest takes advantage of the transparent

plastic

corrugated

sheets on the facade and roof, allowing light in for the plants, and heating the space during colder months, extending the usability of the Nest. (!CNestWeGrow!D)

Sliding panels in the facade and roof open to facilitate air movement through the structure during the summer and warmer parts of the day. (!CNestWeGrow!D)

The wall at the base of the building, in addition to creating a micro topography, helps to block the prevailing northwest winter wind wind. (!CNestWeGrow!D)

NATURAL VENTILATION

NATURAL LIGHT

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-

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Nadkarni, Gauri, et al. Geisel Library. p. 1 8 . faculty- legacy. arch. tamu. edu/ anichols/ index_files/ courses/ arch6 3 1 / case/ 2 0 1 3 / GeiselLibrary. pdf.

natasha kwok I designboom. !C EASTERN Design Office Carves Nature Influenced Holes Out of Villa Saitan in Japan.!D Designboom | Architecture & Design-Magazine, 1 2 O boom.com/architecture/eastern-design-office-villa-saitan-kyoto-japan-08-28-2015. !C Nest We Grow.!D Archello, archello. com/ project/ nest- we- grow. !C Nest We Grow | UC Berkeley CED Graduate Team.!D Archello, archello. com/ project/ nest- we- grow. !C Nest We Grow - Cealing.!D Tive, cdna. artstation. com/ p/ assets/ images/ images/ 0 4 2 / 0 7 3 / 0 8 0 / large/ vu- 1 0 . jpg?1 6 3 5 0 6 9 6 1 . !C Nest We Grow - Exterior.!D Tive, cdna. artstation. com/ p/ assets/ images/ images/ 0 4 2 / 0 7 3 / 1 2 / large/ vu- 2 4 . jpg?1 6 3 5 0 7 1 4 1 . !C Nest We Grow - Exterior 2 .!D Tive, cdna. artstation. com/ p/ assets/ images/ images/ 0 4 2 / 0 7 3 / 0 5 6 / medium/ vu- 0 . jpg?1 6 3 5 0 6 9 1 5 . !C Nest We Grow - Interior.!D Tive, cdna. artstation. com/ p/ assets/ images/ images/ 0 4 2 / 0 7 3 / 1 0 4 / large/ vu- 1 9 . jpg?1 6 3 5 0 7 0 2 .

!C Nest We Grow - Local Foods.!D Yellowtrace, i0 . wp. com/ assets. yellowtrace. com. au/ wp- content/ uploads/ 2 0 1 5 / 0 3 / Nest- We- Grow- by- College- of- Environmental- Design- UC- Berkeley go- Kuma- and- Associates- Yellowtrace- 0 9 . jpg?ssl= 1 .

WORKS CITED (A-Z) !C Nest We Grow - Tea Platform.!D Tive, cdnb. artstation. com/ p/ assets/ images/ images/ 0 4 2 / 0 7 3 / 0 5 9 / large/ vu- 1 . jpg?1 6 3 5 0 6 9 2 0 . !C Nest We Grow - Tea Platform 2 .!D Tive, cdna. artstation. com/ p/ assets/ images/ images/ 0 4 2 / 0 7 3 / 0 7 4 / medium/ vu- 8 . jpg?1 6 3 5 0 6 9 5 2 . !C Nest We Grow - Wood Frame Structure.!D Tive, cdna. artstation. com/ p/ assets/ images/ images/ 0 4 2 / 0 7 3 / 0 6 4 / medium/ vu- 3 . jpg?1 6 3 5 0 6 9 2 9 . !C North Elevation.!D Arch Daily, images. adsttc. com/ media/ images/ 5 4 c9 / b2 5 2 / e5 8 e/ ce9 9 / 0 1 0 / 0 2 7 / slideshow/ north_elevation. jpg?1 4 2 5 0 4 5 1 7 . !C Outdoor Space.!D Sherman Construction, shermanconstruction. com/ wp- content/ uploads/ 2 0 2 0 / 0 1 / IMG_0 6 1 4 - scaled. jpg.

Pintos, Paula. !C 8 3 7 Washington Commercial Office Building / Morris Adjmi Architects.!D ArchDaily, 2 8 Dec. 2 0 2 1 , www. archdaily. com/ 9 1 5 8 5 / 8 3 7 - washington- commercial- office- building ris-adjmi-architects. !C Polycarbonate Sheet.!D Arch2 o, www. arch2 o. com/ wp- content/ uploads/ 2 0 1 9 / 0 3 / Arch2 O- nest- we- grow- college- of- environmental- design- uc- berkeley- kengo- kuma- associates- 9 1067x1600.jpg.

Rinaldi, Marco. DESIGN MUSEUM HOLON BY RON ARAD ARCHITECTS. 2 May 2 0 1 4 , aasarchitecture. com/ 2 0 1 2 / 1 0 / design- museum- holon- by- ron- arad- architects/ ?amp= 1 . !C Rutgers U. Interior.!D Square Space, images. squarespace- cdn. com/ content/ v1 / 5 cb0 bf6 f8 4 0 b1 6 b5 8 1 2 8 3 0 3 / 1 5 6 8 7 3 8 5 9 7 3 2 1 - CG8 1 VTZ9 B9 T1 RL6 S5 HMW/ 2 0 1 3 A7 2 . 4 0 1 . jpg?format= 1 5 0 w. !C Rutgers University Exterior.!D Square Space, images. squarespace- cdn. com/ content/ v1 / 5 cb0 bf6 f8 4 0 b1 6 b5 8 1 2 8 3 0 3 / 1 5 6 8 7 3 8 0 5 3 6 2 - 2 4 D4 D2 FMJ9 VKJXX2 CSUE/ 2 0 1 3 A7 2 . 4 3 7 . jpg?for

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Saieh, Nico. !C Design Museum Holon / Ron Arad Architects.!D ArchDaily, 1 7 Nov. 2 0 2 , www. archdaily. com/ 8 7 1 7 3 / design- museum- holon- ron- arad- architects.

Sá nchez, Daniel. !C Rutgers Business School / TEN Arquitectos - Enrique Norten.!D ArchDaily, 2 5 Nov. 2 0 2 , www. archdaily. com/ 5 1 9 5 6 8 / rutgers- business- school- ten- arquitectos. !C Second Floor.!D Arch Daily, images. adsttc. com/ media/ images/ 5 4 c9 / b2 dd/ e5 8 e/ ce4 5 / 7 a0 0 / 0 2 1 d/ slideshow/ second_level_plan. jpg?1 4 2 5 0 4 6 5 9 .

!C Site Plan.!D Divisare, divisare- res. cloudinary. com/ images/ c_limit, f_auto, h_2 0 0 , q_auto, w_3 0 0 / v1 / project_images/ 4 9 8 6 5 1 2 / site- plan/ kengo- kuma- and- associates- nest- we- g memu-meadows.jpg. !C South Elevation.!D Arch Daily, images. adsttc. com/ media/ images/ 5 4 c9 / b2 fc/ e5 8 e/ ce9 9 / 0 1 0 / 0 2 b/ slideshow/ south_elevation. jpg?1 4 2 5 0 4 6 8 4 .

Steel. realtyfact.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Building-Material1.jpg. !C Steel - Glass - Plants.!D MA, ma. com/ 8 3 7 - washington. html. !C Steel Structural Support.!D Square Space, images. squarespace- cdn. com/ content/ v1 / 5 cb0 bf6 f8 4 0 b1 6 b5 8 1 2 8 3 0 3 / 1 5 6 8 7 3 8 7 9 1 9 - CK5 V6 UZ4 WAJ3 GXR6 5 LB0 / 2 0 1 3 A7 2 . 4 3 4 . jpg?format= 1 5 0 w. !C Steel Structure.!D E- Architect, www. e- architect. com/ wp- content/ uploads/ 2 0 1 5 / 0 4 / 8 3 7 - washington- street- m0 4 0 4 1 5 - a- 5 . jpg.

The Morton Arboretum. !C Japanese Larch.!D The Morton Arboretum, 2 0 Dec. 2 0 2 1 , mortonarb. org/ plant- and- protect/ trees- and- plants/ japanese- larch.

Think Wood. !C Andy Quattlebaum Outdoor Education Center.!D Think Wood, 1 2 May 2 0 2 1 , www. thinkwood. com/ construction- projects/ andy- quattlebaum- outdoor- education- cen !C Third Floor.!D Arch Daily, images. adsttc. com/ media/ images/ 5 4 c9 / b3 0 f/ e5 8 e/ ce5 c/ 5 e0 0 / 0 2 1 f/ slideshow/ third_level_plan. jpg?1 4 2 5 0 4 7 0 9 . !C Undulating Polycarbonate.!D Cargo Collective, payload. cargocollective. com/ 1 / 1 8 / 5 9 8 4 7 4 / 9 6 5 4 8 1 0 / IMG_5 9 1 0 _1 6 0 _c. JPG. Valenzuela, Karen. !C Nest We Grow / Kengo Kuma and Associates + College of Environmental Design UC Berkeley.!D ArchDaily, 3 Mar. 2 0 2 1 , www. archdaily. com/ 5 9 2 6 0 / nest- we- grow- col lege-of-environmental-design-uc-berkeley-kengo-kuma-and-associates. !C Villa Saitan Front.!D Arch Daily, images. adsttc. com/ media/ images/ 5 0 8 / 7 4 8 6 / 2 8 ba/ 0 d5 0 / da0 0 / 0 8 ea/ newsletter/ stringio. jpg?1 4 1 4 3 7 2 6 1 . !C Villa Saitan Interior.!D Design Boom, static. designboom. com/ wp- content/ uploads/ 2 0 1 5 / 0 8 / villa- saitan- EASTERN- design- office- kyoto- designboom- 0 4 . jpg.

WORKS CITED (A-Z) !C Villa Saitan Sketch.!D Archilovers, cdn. archilovers. com/ projects/ 0 1 e5 4 c0 9 - 1 fb5 - 4 2 3 6 - 9 0 2 1 - 8 b0 2 0 a6 ac5 d. jpg. !C Villa Saitan Walls.!D Arch Daily, images. adsttc. com/ media/ images/ 5 0 8 / 7 4 6 b/ 2 8 ba/ 0 d5 0 / da0 0 / 0 8 df/ medium_jpg/ stringio. jpg?1 4 1 4 3 7 2 6 2 5 . !C Wall Section and Elevation.!D CDN Assests, cdnassets. hw. net/ dims4 / GG/ fbc2 5 f8 / 2 1 4 7 4 8 3 6 4 7 / resize/ 8 5 0 x% 3 E/ quality/ 9 0 / ?url= https% 3 A% 2 F% 2 Fcdnassets. hw. net% 2 F1 6 % 2 Ffb% 2 F0 6 4 b

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60ca4e4f93d73cff2954195e%2Fbc5c0edb-9dd3-4ab4-aa78-3ec3004f84e2.jpg. !C West Elevation.!D Arch Daily, images. adsttc. com/ media/ images/ 5 4 c9 / b3 1 a/ e5 8 e/ ce5 c/ 5 e0 0 / 0 2 0 / slideshow/ west_elevation. jpg?1 4 2 5 0 4 7 2 0 .

Wood. www.naturallywood.com/wp-content/uploads/H0A1269-1601x1067-ac88d9c.jpg. !C Wood Innovation and Design Centre.!D MGA, 2 8 Oct. 2 0 2 , mg- architecture. ca/ project/ wood- innovation- design- centre. !C Wood Innovation and Design Centre Exterior.!D Inhabitat, inhabitat. com/ wp- content/ blogs. dir/ 1 / files/ 2 0 1 3 / 0 3 / Wood- innovation- Design- Center1 . jpg. !C Wood Innovation and Design Centre Interior.!D Naturally Wood, www. naturallywood. com/ wp- content/ uploads/ WIDC_Ed- White- Photographics- 2 . jpg.

Wood Innovation and Design Centre Section. i.pinimg.com/originals/ea/88/25/ea8825bf5df9700fec9cf7e5d431a8aa.jpg. !C Wood Innovation and Design Centre Stairs.!D Architonic, image. architonic. com/ imgArc/ project- 1 / 4 / 5 2 0 5 8 5 / mga- widc- in1 1 - emapeter- 0 4 . jpg. !C Wood Innovation and Design Centre Structural Support.!D Arch Daily, images. adsttc. com/ media/ images/ 5 5 2 / 1 4 bf/ e5 8 e/ ce9 2 / c7 0 / 0 2 6 e/ large_jpg/ MGA_WIDC_In1 4 _emapeter. jpg?1 4 3 1 4 2 5 9 4 . !C Wood Structure and Concrete Base Model.!D Facebook, scontent- atl3 - 2 . xx. fbcdn. net/ v/ t1 . 6 4 3 5 - 9 / 4 8 4 0 6 4 2 6 _2 3 8 9 7 9 9 8 1 0 4 8 6 0 _6 9 5 4 9 7 1 8 6 8 0 7 6 7 8 9 7 6 _n. jpg?_nc_cat= 1 0 8 & ccb= 1 - 7 & _nc_ sid= 7 3 0 e1 4 & _nc_ohc= 0 WXwO6 8 QLjwAX_UL0 3 Q& _nc_ht= scontent- atl3 - 2 . xx& oh= 0 _AfBo5 jce9 M6 LVfwn2 rfqu0 SB9 4 eLdJEmvuZNuDPQ2 XDEKA& oe= 6 3 B7 0 AE0 .

Woodworks Innovation Network. www.woodworksinnovationnetwork.org/projects/wood-innovation-and-design-centre.

Architecture Kennesaw State University