Becoming Kronenburg by Esin Özkılıç

刀攀ⴀ䄀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 匀漀挀椀愀氀 匀瀀愀挀攀

䈀䔀䌀伀䴀䤀一䜀 䬀刀伀一䔀一䈀唀刀䜀

伀倀䔀一 倀唀䈀䰀䤀䌀 匀倀䄀䌀䔀

䜀刀䔀䔀一 䔀䐀䜀䔀

吀䔀䴀倀伀刀䄀刀夀 唀匀䔀 䌀伀䰀䰀䔀䌀吀䤀嘀䔀 匀倀䄀䌀䔀

䌀伀䴀䴀伀一 䜀䄀刀䐀䔀一 䌀伀䰀䰀䔀䌀吀䤀嘀䔀 匀倀䄀䌀䔀

䘀䰀䔀堀䤀䈀䰀䔀 倀唀䈀䰀䤀䌀 䈀唀䰀䐀䤀一䜀

倀唀䈀䰀䤀䌀 匀倀䄀䌀䔀 䘀伀刀 夀伀唀吀䠀匀

䌀伀䰀䰀䔀䌀吀䤀嘀䔀 匀倀䄀䌀䔀

䔀匀、一 혀娀䬀䤀䰀䤀윀

© All rights reserved under International Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or specific copyright owners.

Work and publication made during the course of a personal Master Dissertation, within Strange Bodies; Where The City Proper Breaks Down: Zoning Versus The City: A Contingent Affair: The Urban Condition and Co-existence Framework, proposed by Tomas Ooms Book edited by Tomas Ooms, Esin Özkılıç Author;Esin Özkılıç Responsible Publisher; Faculty of Architecture, KU Leuven International Master of Architecture Resilient, Sustainability and Architecture Design Campus Sint-Lucas, Ghent Class of 2016-17 www.arch. kuleuven.be www.internationalmasterofarchitecture.be Dag Boutsen, Dean

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I would first like to thank my academic promoter Tomas Ooms, for his endless support and inspiration and also my thesis group friends for all supports during our dissertation journey.

Finally, I would like to express endless gratitude to my family on giving me an opportunity to study in abroad which experience gave me a chance to discover a different world around me.

Thanks ...

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RE-APPROPRATION OF SOCIAL SPACE

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The identity of Kronenburg is comprised by living-working conditions with heavy industry, small craftsman ateliers, Conforta houses as craftsman family houses and low cost family houses. In addition to these conditions, the other most important identical element of Kronenburg is being multi-national district and as oppose to that there is not enough social space where people can gather at outside of their houses. As a result, there is not enough collective social life in the district. On the other hand, there are different kinds of actions occurring in Kronenburg and as a consequence of these actions, there had been built different edges in between physical spaces which also meanwhile affect the social condition of neighbourhood. This situation basically turns to Kronenburg into a hub and makes it a vulnerable place. From this point of view, this research will try to define an understanding of local life of Kronenburg and increase the social life within creating a collective social space in Kronenburg with its own opportunities. As a consequence, following questions will try to generate a perception to understand how important to create a convivial collective space in Korenenburg.

[1] How re-definition of existing edges can generate qualified social space in Kronenburg ?

[2] How a public space can become a catalyst in between living-working conditions?

[3] How actually creating a social space can be beneficial for industry and city of Antwerp?

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CONTENT 0.0. A BRIEF EXPLORATION OF ANTWERP 0.1.HISTORY OF ANTWERP 0.2.SUMMARY OF URBAN POLICY

1.0.URBAN CONDITION – STRANGE BODIES | FRAMEWORK 1.1.DEFINITION OF SOCIAL SPACE 1.2.COMPREHENSION OF AMBIGUOUS EDGES BY OPENNESS AND CLOSENESS 1.3.UNDERSTANDING OF URBAN CATALYST 1.4.PERCEPTION OF LIVING-WORKING

2.0.DEURNE 3.0.READING OF KRONENBURG 4.0.CO-EXISTENCE ; URBAN CONDITIONS IN KRONENBURG 4.1.EDGES 4.2.EXISTING SITUATIONS 4.3.LIVING-WORKING 4.4.SOCIAL SPACE 4.5. EXISTING MASTER PLAN 4.6.CANAL

5.0.RE-APPROPRATION OF SOCIAL SPACE 5.1. THEMES 5.1.1.THEME 1 | EMPOWERING THE EXISTING PUBLIC SPACE 5.1.2.THEME 2 | START-UP FOR FRAGILE INDUSTRY 5.1.3.THEME 3 | A NEW SYSTEM FOR LIVING – WORKING 5.1.4.THEME 4 | COMMON GROUND FOR KRONENBURG 5.2. STEPS 5.2.1. STEP 1 5.2.2. STEP 2 5.2.3. STEP 3 5.2.4. STEP4 5.2.5. STEP 5

6.0.CONCLUSION

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0.0 EXPLORATION OF ANTWERP

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1.1.HISTORY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN ANTWERP Antwerp is a city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the region of Flanders. Antwerp is the second crowded city after Brussels in Belgium.

Antwerp is located on the River Scheld directly linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary. The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally.

According to that, the spatial development of Antwerp was also to a great extent defined by successive port expansions. City of Antwerp firstly comprised as a small settlement in the river bend. However; in the Middle Ages, the city development had concentric manner and it continued to develop around the irregular pattern of narrow streets, belts of defence canals which were laid out that were recycled into inland shipping infrastructure with every new expansion.

As a result of increasing port activity and the quickly growing population, Antwerp reached the Golden Age with new borders of the layout of a new city area north of the inner city. The canals in this so-called Nieuwstad (‘new city’) functioned as streets. The new area had quickly growth into a popular port area and constituted the heart of Antwerp’s economy until the Fall of Antwerp in 1585. After the Fall, shipping traffic from and to Antwerp was blocked by the Northern Netherlands. This blockade would last until the end of the eighteenth century.

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[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antwerp

Historical map of Antwerp [1] http://palmbout.nl/cubeportfolio/labo-xx/?lang=en

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At the beginning of the19th century, Napoleon Bonaparte turned Nieuwstad into a military base city according to that Willemdok had been constructed which increased the port activity as well. As a consequent of that; many canals were built which mainly functioned as a sewer system for households and polluting trades. The canals became a source of stench and disease, and were gradually covered over. However, at the end of the nineteenth century the River Scheldt was straightened and the new quays became the scene of heavy port activity and were separated from the city by a fence.

During 20th century the population kept on growing and it caused a healthy urban expansion due to that authorities started to work on the other side of the River Scheldt. In 1923, Linkeroever was added to the city. However, the real development of the quarter only started in the 1950s and 1960s.

In the course of the 20th century the capacity of the Scheldt quays became insufficient to accommodate economic growth and the expansion of port activities. In 1958 the northern polder towns Berendrecht, Zandvliet and Lillo added to city of Antwerp. In the same period, the Brialmont fortifications around the nineteenth-century city centre were dismantled and it comprised base for the Ring and Singel road infrastructure, which was intended to connect the city and the port to the international road network. Furthermore, the infrastructure constructed on the green foundation of the fortress walls was of large dimensions. After the joining of the city centre with seven surrounding municipalities in 1983, the Ring became the centre of the city’s territory which is forming a barrier between the nineteenth-century inner city and the new outer city. From that day so far, the city is constituted by nine districts: Antwerp, Berchem, Borgerhout, Deurne, Ekeren, Hoboken, Merksem, Wilrijk and the ‘polder district’ consisting of the former municipalities Berendrecht, Zandvliet and Lillo.

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[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antwerp

0.2. URBAN POLICIES OF ANTWERP The urban policy of Antwerp focuses on three main tier spatial strategy for renovation of urban conditions. However those strategies are respectively general policy , specific policy and active policy.

0.2.1 General Policy 1. Water city 2. Eco city 3. Railway city 4. Porous city 5. Villages and metrapolis 6. Mega city 0.2.2 Specific Policy 1. Hard spine 2. Soft spine 3.Green Singels 4.Lively Canals 5.Lower network and urban culture 0.2.3 1. Living 2.Public space-facilities 3.Mobility

[1]http://www.antwerpen.be/docs/Stad/Stadsvernieuwing/9746949_urbandevelopment_English.pdf

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1.0. URBAN CONDITIONS ; STRANGE BODIES | FRAMEWORK

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1.0.DEFINITION OF SOCIAL SPACE Considering the meaning of social space, it is defined in Oxford Dictionary as follows; social space [noun] : 1-Space available or intended for social interaction. As a count noun: an area set aside for social interaction.

2-Sociology Sociology. The gap, in terms of social status, that is felt to exist between members of one social or ethnic group and those of another.

However, Henri Lefebvre describes in a nutshell; “Space is social: it involves assigning more or less appropriated places to social relations....social space has thus always been a social product’.[1] Social space becomes thereby a metaphor for the very experience of social life - ‘society experienced alternatively as a deterministic environment or force (milieu) and as our very element or beneficent shell (ambience)’.[2] In this sense ‘social space spans the dichotomy between “public” and “private” space...is also linked to subjective and phenomenological space.”[3] On the other hand if we should understand social space in a wider perspective following paragraphs will empower the subject. “ (Social) space is not a thing among other things , nor a product among other products : rather , it subsumes things produced , and encompasses their interrelationships in their coexistence and simultaneity – their ( relative ) order and / or (relative) disorder. It is the outcome of a sequence and set of operations , and thus cannot be reduced to the rank of a simple object. At the same time there is nothing imagined,

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[1] Henri Lefevbre , State , Space , World (London 2009) p.186-7 [2] John O’Neil , Sociology as a Skin Trade ( London 1972) p. 174 [3] Paul Smethurst , The post modern chronotype (2000) p.44

unreal or ‘ideal’ about it as compared , for example , with science , representations, ideas or dreams . Itself the outcome of past actions, social spaceis what permits fresh actions to occur , while suggesting others and prohibiting yet others. Among these actions, some serve production , others consumption (i.e. the enjoyment of the fruits of production ).Social space implies a great diversity of knowledge.” [4] `…Though a product to be used, to be consumed, it is also a means of production; networks of exchange and flows of raw materials and energy fashion space as such, cannot be separated either from the productive forces , including technology and knowledge , or from the social division of labour which shapes it , or from the state and the superstructures of society. As it develops , then, the concept of social space becomes broader. It infiltrates, even invades , the concept of production , becoming part-perhaps the essential part -of its content. “ [5] “… the places of social space are very different from those of natural space in that they are not simply juxtaposed: they may be intercalated, combined , superimposed – they may even sometimes collide. … Moreover – and more importantly – groups, classes or fractions of classes cannot constitute themselves , or recognize one another , as ‘subjects’ unless they generate (or produce ) a space . Ideas, representations or values which do not succeed in making their mark on space , and thus generating ( or producing) an appropriate morphology , will lose all pith and become mere signs , resolve themselves into abstract descriptions , or mutate into fantasies . Can a social group be expected to recognize itself in space merely because of that space is held up before it like a mirror? Certainly not. The notion of appropriation implies far more and is far more exigent than the (highly speculative) thesis of a ‘mirror-consciousness’. Long-lived morphologies (religious buildings, historical-political monuments) support our antiquated ideologies and representations. New ideas ( socialism, for instance ) , though not without force , have difficulty generating their own space , and often run the risk of aborting ; in order to sustain themselves , they may appeal to an obsolete historicity , or assume folkloric or quaint aspects. Viewed from this vantage point , the ‘ world of signs’ clearly emerges as so much debris left by a retreating tide : whatever is not invested in an appropriated space is stranded , and all that remain are useless signs and significations . Space’s investment-the production of spacehas nothing incidental about: it is a matter of life and death. “ [6]

[4] Henri Lefevbre , Production of Social Space ( Oxford,1991 ) p.73 [5] Henri Lefevbre , Production of Social Space ( Oxford,1991 ) p.85 [6] Henri Lefevbre , Production of Social Space ( Oxford,1991 ) p.416-17

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1.1. COMPREHESION OF AMBIGUOUS EDGES BY OPENNESS AND CLOSENESS “Steven Gould draws our attention to an important distinction in natural ecologies between two kinds of edges: boundaries and borders. The boundary is the edge where things end ; the border is an edge where difference groups interact. At borders, organisms become more interactive, due to the meeting of different species or physical conditions ; for instance , where the shoreline of a lake meets solid land is an active zone of exchange where organisms find and feed off other organisms. Whereas the boundary is a guarded territory, as established prides of lions or packs of wolves. No transgression at the boundary: Keep Out! Which means the edge itself is dead.

We want as well to consider another natural edge condition, that at the cellular level. This is the distinction between a cell wall and cell membrane. The cell wall retains as much as possible internally; it is analogous to a boundary. The cell membrane is more open, more like a border – but membranes reveal something important about what “open” means. The membrane does not function like an open door; a cell membrane is both porous and resistant at the same time, holding in some valuable elements of the city, letting other valuable elements flow through the membrane. Think of the distinction between wall and membrane as a difference in degree: at the cellular level, conservation and resistance are part of equation which produces openness.

These natural differences between boundary / wall and border / membrane clarify closed and open built form. The boundary wall dominates the modern city. The urban habitat is cut up into segregated parts by streams of traffic, by functional isolation between zones for work, commerce, family and the public realm. The most popular form of new residential development internationally, the gated community, takes to an extreme the idea of the boundary wall. The result is that exchange between different racial, ethnic, or class communities diminishes. So we should want to build the border / membrane “ [1]

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[1] Richard Senett, Open City

1.2.UNDERSTANDING OF URBAN CATALYST Taking into account to understanding of urban catalyst, first of all it is important to understand the meaning of catalyst; Catalyst [noun]; 1.Chemistry. A substance that causes or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected.

2.Something that causes activity between two or more persons or forces without itself being affected. [1] From this point, we can describe the catalyst more simple as which creates an impulse among different conditions to activate or re-activate different circumstances. In accordance, urban catalyst can be concerned as a process which creates different level of re-actions among different situations on urban space with re-activating spaces and relations .Furthermore, urban catalyst creates an opportunity to use vacant or misused spaces in the city which can increase economical activities and social activities within creating adaptable temporary spaces or flexible permanent spaces in the city.

On the other hand, this situation composes different interaction among different disciplines and it heal the urban space and social conditions, follows as; “ ….That means the interacting of networks of different professional fields and social groups, aimed at finding new ways in cultural production as well as in education, health care, leisure and tourism , financing of small companies, housing, transport, environment, and governance. In the sense a creative city invents itself over and over. New public domains make cultural exchanges possible. They consist of places where the parochial domains of different groups overlap and intertwine. Urban catalyst can help a city to become in this way an open, cosmopolitan community, characterized by tolerance but also accepting tension and social turbulence .” [1]

[1] Arnold Reijndorp , Cultural Generators , Urban Catalyst - The power of temporary use by Philipp Oswaly , Klaus Overmeyer , Philipp Misselwitz ( Dom Publishers , Berlin , 2013 ) p.137

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1.3. PERCEPTION OF LIVING-WORKING SPACE Life is actually based on two main action; living and working. According to these two main actions, if the current cities situations will be considered, the relation of living – working will be seen on urban scale as divided territories. As a result of this separation, cities create their own boundaries among different areas in line with that this condition turns cities into fragile hubs for enterprisers and inhabitants.

On the other hand, the condition of living and working space is interpreted with its historical development by DOGMA as following lines; “ In ancient times the house was the sphere of both re-production and production and it was completely separated from the public sphere. As such the house was the place of economy (from oikos, house) a term that until the 18th century defined the domestic realm as the management of life. With the advent of industrialization, economy as a managerial apparatus went beyond the house and invested in to the city in its entirety. It was in this context that the domestic space was meant to offer the illusion of a safe refuge for personal affectivity outside the realm of work. Yet today the most typical domestic activities such as reproduction and affectivity, traditionally concealed as they were ‘unproductive’ and ‘servile’, have become forms of exploitation, to the extent that their logic is at the basis of the ubiquitous field of precarious labour conditions. “ [1] In accordance with their research, they opened up the subject via description of labour and broaden the view point of living-working;

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[1] DOGMA ; Living-Working ; How to live together ( AA Publication)

“While Hannah Arendt described labour as a process of biological survival (eating, sleeping and taking care of the household) enclosed within the private sphere of the house, in the 19th century, Marx already defined labour as the aggregate of the physical and mental capabilities that are present in the human being. Within the rise of capital, labour is the fundamental asset of society and for this reason the city develops as set of institutions (housing, hospitals, schools, universities) whose goal is to maintain and reproduce labour power.

In this way not only labouring activities but also life itself is put to work. This becomes even more radical with the rise of forms of ‘immaterial production’ where not just material commodities, but affects, knowledge, images and information are at the centre of the production process.

The contemporary hegemony of immaterial labour implies a new understanding of the role of domestic space. Within the rise of the modern city, domestic space has been increasingly reduced into an appendix of the workplace. The house became disconnected from the workplace not only for technical reasons, but also to reinforce its role of refuge, of a familiar safe haven protected from the harsh and promiscuous reality of work. However, domestic space can be seen as a retreat from production only in an ideological and symbolic way: in reality the house is the very core of production since a population can be productive only if life is maintained and reproduced.” [1]

[1] DOGMA ; Living-Working ; How to live together ( AA Publication)

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3.0. DEURNE

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Deurne is located close to city center of Antwerp and on the connection roads of domestic and international highways. Deurne was a part of the eastern hinterland of Antwerp during Ancient Regime. Back to that date, many dwellings settled crossroads of Schijn river and connection route which is called today as Turnhoutsebaan. However, Duerne consisted of mainly farmlands and country houses which were destroyed within centuries.

Furthermore, after the battle of Waterloo William of Orange, Antwerp started to connect its ports with its hinterland through constructing new canals. As a result of new canals, the industry could increase and in line with that urbanization scaled up as well. According to growth, the first urban planning of Deurne started in 1913 and the population growth reached at the peak with 52.303 between 1920 and 1953 for that era. Due to World War II population growth stopped, however within end of the war, the population growth started again.

As a consequence of that in the 1960s construction of Social Housing and Community Projects enhanced the condition of Deurne. On the other hand, the demography of Deurne was changed as a result of worker immigration as well.

Nowadays, Deurne is one of the interesting neighbourhoods of Antwerp with including different cultural backgrounds, different typologies and the condition of living working as housing area with Äąndustrial area. In addition to that, it is easily accessed from city center via public transportation which makes the district more valuable.

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[1]https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deurne_(Antwerpen)

42.8

57.2

Immigrants-Belgians

Native-Belgians

Deurne

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45.8

Antwerp

Origins of inhabitants in Duerne

Sex and ages graphics of inhabitants in Duerne

Demographic Graphics about Deurne and Antwerp [1] https://www.antwerpen.be/nl/overzicht/stad-in-cijfers/stad-in-cijfers

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䐀䔀唀刀一䔀 ⴀ 一伀伀刀䐀 䤀渀搀甀猀琀爀礀

一漀渀ⴀ 䤀渀搀甀猀琀爀礀

䌀愀渀愀氀

FUNCTION ANALYSES MAP OF DEURNE 28

䜀爀攀攀渀 䄀爀攀愀猀

䐀䔀唀刀一䔀 ⴀ 一伀伀刀䐀 䤀渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀 䠀椀最栀眀愀礀

䐀漀洀攀猀琀椀挀 䠀椀最栀眀愀礀

ROAD CONNECTION MAP OF DUERNE 29

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4.0. KORENBURG

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4.. READING OF KRONENBURG Korenburg consists of different identities in one site. Korenburg is located in between 4 different infrastructures which are respectively Burgermeester Gabriel Theunisburg, Azijnbrug, Bisschoppenhoflaan and Albert Kanaal and this situation turned Korenburg into a closed hub in comparison with the rest of Duerne. In addition, the most important part of Korenburg’s identity comprises of industry and housing which illustrates how living working engages with each other on the site. On the other hand if we consider that living working conditions as how people living in Korenburg, it should be concerned how many green spaces, public space and facilities Korenburg has and should provide for better living conditions. Because, out of working activities, there is not that much services to support good quality life in Korenburg. However, Korenburg has is easily accessed from city center of Antwerp via metro, tram and bus and it makes also Korenburg a preferable area to live for lower income families.

Moreover, the main car traffic occurs on Bisschoppenhoflaan, Tweedemonstraat and Merksemseestenweg due to industrial activities and in line with car traffic, people movements usually take place on those streets.

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䄀一吀圀䔀刀倀 ⴀ 䐀䔀唀刀一䔀ⴀ䬀伀刀䔀一䈀唀刀䜀 33

䐀䔀唀刀一䔀 ⴀ 䬀伀刀䔀一䈀唀刀䜀 䠀椀最栀眀愀礀猀 ⴀ 䈀椀猀猀挀栀漀瀀瀀攀渀栀漀漀昀氀愀愀渀 ⴀ 䌀愀渀愀氀

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䐀䔀唀刀一䔀 ⴀ 䬀伀刀䔀一䈀唀刀䜀 䤀渀搀甀猀琀爀礀

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䐀䔀唀刀一䔀 ⴀ 䬀伀刀䔀一䈀唀刀䜀 一漀渀ⴀ䤀渀搀甀猀琀爀礀

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䐀䔀唀刀一䔀 ⴀ 䬀伀刀䔀一䈀唀刀䜀 䜀爀攀攀渀 䄀爀攀愀猀

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䐀䔀唀刀一䔀 ⴀ 䬀伀刀䔀一䈀唀刀䜀

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䐀䔀唀刀一䔀 ⴀ 䬀伀刀䔀一䈀唀刀䜀 倀甀戀氀椀挀 䘀愀挀椀氀椀琀椀攀猀

伀瀀攀渀 倀甀戀氀椀挀 匀瀀愀挀攀猀

匀栀漀瀀猀

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䐀䔀唀刀一䔀 ⴀ 䬀伀刀䔀一䈀唀刀䜀 䴀攀琀爀漀

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吀爀愀洀

䈀甀猀

䐀䔀唀刀一䔀 ⴀ 䬀伀刀䔀一䈀唀刀䜀 䌀愀爀 䴀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀

倀攀漀瀀氀攀 䴀漀瘀攀洀攀渀琀

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䐀䔀唀刀一䔀 ⴀ 䬀伀刀䔀一䈀唀刀䜀 䈀漀甀渀搀爀礀

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䈀漀爀搀攀爀

ᰠ吀栀攀 戀漀甀渀搀爀礀 椀猀 愀渀 攀搀最攀 眀栀攀爀攀 琀栀椀渀最猀 攀渀最㬀 琀栀攀 戀漀爀搀攀爀 椀猀 愀渀 攀搀最攀 眀栀攀爀攀 搀椀û攀爀攀渀琀 最爀漀甀瀀猀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀⸀ᴠ 伀瀀攀渀 䌀椀琀礀 Ⰰ 刀椀挀栀愀爀搀 匀攀渀攀琀琀

䐀䔀唀刀一䔀 ⴀ 䬀伀刀䔀一䈀唀刀䜀 倀漀琀攀渀琀椀愀氀 愀爀攀愀猀 ᰠ䤀渀挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 昀漀爀洀 椀猀 愀 挀爀攀搀漀⸀ᴠ 伀瀀攀渀 䌀椀琀礀 Ⰰ 刀椀挀栀愀爀搀 匀攀渀攀琀琀 43

Furthermore than general analyses about site, if we concentrate on specific observations and what kind of hint I found on the site, I tried to demonstrate them via sections and photo collages.

1st section illustrates how heavy infrastructure overlaps with the entrance of Korenburg from the city center of Antwerp and side façades to Burgemeester Gabriel Theunisbrug and also a heavy industrial look.

2nd section conveys a very different kind of existence as opposed to 1st section with geese which are living along the canal, pigeon’s house on top of housing , public facility and space (JES Building ) and abundant building next to the canal.

3rd section shows typical Korenburg housings with 3 floors, a graffiti from Amstelstraat which is scribbled by inhabitants, fence as a border and wild ducks on the canal.

4th section indicates more about community life and the contrast between industry and life with children on the small park, kindergarten next to community garden, scale difference between housing and industry and heavy industry.

5th section shows edge of Azijnbrug as an industrial border with vacant building at Bisschoppenhaflaan, a graffiti which has been painted to give colour to district, sub-infrastructure and a powerful image of canal.

Finally, all those reading and interviews should be taken into account to understand precisely the identity of area and as a result of those analyses, it’s clearly seen that there is a lack of public space and facilities but as opposed to that there are many vacant spaces behind walls or fences with many potential and possible uses for the sake of community life in Korenburg.

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猀㄀

猀㈀

猀㌀

猀㐀

猀㔀

䐀䔀唀刀一䔀 ⴀ 䬀伀刀䔀一䈀唀刀䜀 匀攀挀琀椀漀渀

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珰ㇰ

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珰㋰

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珰㏰

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珰㓰

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珰㗰

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4.0. CO-EXISTENCE ; URBAN CONDITIONS OF KRONENBURG

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4.1. EDGES The very first situation, which caught my attention, was a taxonomy of fences and walls. There are many different types of edges according to the usage of space on different characteristic forms. As a consequence of first notion of urban space in Kronenburg, I identified some certain condition of edges as borders and boundaries in the light of Richard Senett’s definitions and subsequently, I identified different condition of edges in accordance with their location, function, materiality and usage such as; 1. Charmful edge , 2. Bridge edge, 3.Front façade edge, 4.Fence, 5. None-interaction edge, 6.Potential vacant space, 7. Interrupted interaction edge, 8.Green edge in industry, 9.Public edge, 10. Back public edge , 11.Blocked public edge, 12.Interactive public edge, 13.Blocked passage, 14.Passage, 15. Gate 16. Accessible storage edge, You can find each example of different edges on following pages.

58

∀䈀伀刀䐀䔀刀 椀猀 愀渀 攀搀最攀 眀栀攀爀攀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 最爀漀甀瀀猀 椀渀琀攀爀愀挀琀⸀愀琀 戀漀爀搀攀爀猀Ⰰ 漀爀最愀渀椀猀洀猀 戀攀挀漀洀攀 洀漀爀攀 椀渀琀攀爀ⴀ愀挀琀椀瘀攀 Ⰰ 搀甀攀 琀漀 琀栀攀 洀攀攀琀椀渀最 漀昀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀琀 猀瀀攀挀椀攀猀 漀爀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 挀漀渀搀椀琀椀漀渀猀 㬀 昀漀爀 椀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀 Ⰰ 眀栀攀爀攀 琀栀攀 猀栀漀爀攀氀椀渀攀 漀昀 愀 氀愀欀攀 洀攀攀琀猀 猀漀氀椀搀 氀愀渀搀 椀猀 愀渀 愀挀琀椀瘀攀 稀漀渀攀 漀昀 攀砀挀栀愀渀最攀 眀栀攀爀攀 漀爀ⴀ 最愀渀椀猀洀猀 昀椀渀搀 愀渀搀 昀攀攀渀 漀昀昀 漀琀栀攀爀 漀爀最愀渀椀猀洀猀⸀ ∀ 刀椀挀栀愀爀搀 匀攀渀攀琀琀 ⼀⼀伀瀀攀渀 䌀椀琀礀 䔀一吀刀䄀一䌀䔀 伀䘀 倀唀䈀䰀䤀䌀 䈀唀䤀䰀䐀䤀一䜀

䘀䔀一䌀䔀 伀䘀 䤀一䐀唀匀吀刀夀

匀䠀伀刀䔀䰀䤀一䔀 伀䘀 䌀䄀一䄀䰀

ᰠ䈀伀唀一䐀䄀刀夀 椀猀 愀渀 攀搀最攀 眀栀攀爀攀 琀栀椀渀最猀 攀渀搀 ⸀ 吀栀攀爀攀 椀猀 渀漀 琀爀愀渀猀最爀攀猀猀椀漀渀 愀琀 琀栀攀 戀漀甀渀搀愀爀礀 眀栀椀挀栀 洀攀愀渀猀 琀栀攀 攀搀最攀 椀琀猀攀氀昀 椀猀 搀攀愀搀⸀ 刀椀挀栀愀爀搀 匀攀渀攀琀琀 ⼀⼀ 伀瀀攀渀 䌀椀琀礀 䔀䐀䜀䔀 伀䘀 䈀刀䤀䐀䜀䔀

圀䄀䰀䰀 伀䘀 匀䴀䄀䰀䰀 䤀一䐀唀匀吀刀夀

圀䄀䰀䰀 伀䘀 嘀䄀䌀䄀一吀 䤀一䐀唀匀刀吀夀 䈀唀䤀䰀䐀䤀一䜀

59

60

䌀䠀䄀刀䴀䘀唀䰀 䔀䐀䜀䔀 ⸀ 䌀䠀䄀刀䴀䘀唀䰀 䔀䐀䜀

䔀 ⸀ 䌀䠀䄀刀䴀䘀唀䰀 䔀䐀䜀䔀 ⸀ 䌀䠀䄀刀䴀䘀唀䰀 䔀

䐀䜀䔀 ⸀ 䌀䠀䄀刀䴀䘀唀䰀 䔀䐀䜀䔀 ⸀ 䌀䠀䄀刀䴀䘀唀

䰀 䔀䐀䜀䔀 ⸀

䌀䠀

䄀刀

䴀䘀

唀䰀

䔀

䔀匀 ⸀ 吀刀䤀䄀䰀 匀吀伀刀 䄀䜀 一䐀唀匀

吀刀䤀䄀䰀

䌀䌀䔀匀

䔀匀 ⸀ 唀匀吀刀 䤀䄀䰀 匀吀 伀刀䄀䜀

䐀唀匀吀

刀䤀䄀䰀 匀吀伀刀 䄀䜀

䌀䔀匀匀 䤀䈀䰀

䔀 䤀一䐀

䐀唀匀吀 刀䤀䄀䰀 匀 吀伀

刀䄀䜀䔀 匀 ⸀

䔀匀 ⸀

䤀䈀䰀䔀 䤀

一䐀唀匀

䌀䌀䔀匀 匀䤀䈀䰀䔀 䤀一

䌀䔀匀匀

⸀ 䄀䌀

匀 ⸀ 䄀䌀

吀刀䤀䄀䰀 匀吀伀刀 䄀䜀

䤀䄀䰀 匀吀 伀刀䄀䜀 䔀匀 ⸀ 䄀 一䐀唀匀 吀刀

吀伀刀䄀

䤀䄀䰀 匀吀 伀刀䄀䜀 䔀匀

⸀

䜀䔀匀 ⸀

⸀ 䄀䌀 䌀䔀匀匀

刀䤀䄀䰀 匀

䔀

一 䔀䐀

䐀䜀

䜀䔀

唀匀吀刀

一伀

䐀唀匀吀

一 䔀

䤀伀

吀 䄀䌀

䤀䈀䰀䔀 䤀 一䐀

䄀䌀吀䤀 伀

䰀䔀 䤀一

䤀䈀䰀䔀 䤀

䌀䔀匀匀

䔀刀

吀 䤀一

⸀ 䄀䌀

䐀䜀䔀

⸀ 䘀刀伀

䐀䔀 䔀䐀

䜀䔀 ⸀ 䘀

刀伀一吀 䘀䄀윀䄀

一 䔀

䐀䔀 䔀䐀

刀䄀䌀 吀䤀伀

䜀䔀 ⸀

䔀 ⸀ 䘀刀

䔀 䔀䐀䜀

䔀 ⸀ 䘀刀

伀一吀 䘀 䄀윀䄀䐀

䔀 䔀䐀䜀

䜀䄀吀

䔀 ⸀ 䘀刀

伀一吀 䘀 䄀윀䄀䐀

⸀ 䘀刀伀

䔀

䔀 䔀䐀䜀

䔀

一吀 䘀䄀 윀䄀

䐀䔀 䔀䐀

䜀䔀 ⸀ 䘀

刀伀一吀 䘀䄀윀䄀

一伀 䤀

一吀䔀

刀䄀䌀

吀䤀伀

一 䔀

䐀䜀䔀

一吀䔀

伀一吀 䘀 䄀윀䄀䐀

䰀

吀刀䤀䄀䰀 匀吀伀刀 䄀䜀

刀䄀䜀䔀

伀一吀 䘀 䄀윀䄀䐀

一吀 䘀䄀 윀䄀

匀吀刀䤀䄀

一䐀唀匀

䰀 匀吀伀

䔀 ⸀ 䘀刀

䔀

䤀一䐀唀

䤀䈀䰀䔀 䤀

䰀䔀 䤀一

䜀䔀匀 ⸀

䔀匀匀䤀䈀

䔀 ⸀ 䘀刀

匀䤀䈀䰀䔀

䔀匀 ⸀ 吀刀䤀䄀䰀 匀吀伀刀 䄀䜀 一䐀唀匀 䤀䈀䰀䔀 䤀 ⸀ 䄀䌀 䌀䔀匀匀 吀伀刀䄀

䔀刀 伀一吀 䘀 䄀윀䄀䐀

伀一吀 䘀 䄀윀䄀䐀

一䐀唀匀

䔀 䐀䜀 一 䔀 䤀伀

刀䤀䄀䰀 匀

吀 䄀䌀

一

䐀唀匀吀

一伀 䤀一

䜀䄀吀 䔀 䔀䐀䜀

䤀䈀䰀䔀 䤀

⸀ 䄀䌀 䌀䔀匀匀

吀伀 䄀䰀 匀 匀吀刀䤀 䤀一䐀唀 䈀䰀䔀 䔀匀匀䤀 䌀䌀 ⸀ 䄀

一 䔀 ⸀ 䐀䜀 一 䔀 䤀伀 䌀吀 刀䄀 吀䔀 一 伀 䤀

䰀䔀 䤀一

⸀ 䄀䌀䌀

䔀 ⸀ 䘀刀

伀一吀 䘀 䄀윀䄀䐀

䌀䔀匀匀

䔀匀匀䤀䈀

一伀 䔀 䔀䐀䜀

匀 ⸀ 䄀䌀

䐀䔀 䔀䐀

䜀䔀 ⸀

一伀 䤀

䐀䜀䔀 ⸀ 䘀刀伀一

䔀匀匀䤀䈀

䔀 ⸀ 䘀刀

伀一吀 䘀 䄀윀䄀䐀

刀䄀䜀䔀

⸀ 䄀䌀䌀

䔀

䔀 䔀䐀䜀

吀 䘀䄀윀䄀䐀䔀 䔀

⸀ 䄀䌀䌀

䔀 ⸀ 䘀刀

䔀 ⸀ 䘀刀

伀一吀 䘀 䄀윀䄀䐀

䰀 匀吀伀

匀匀䤀䈀䰀

匀吀刀䤀䄀

吀䔀刀

䔀 䔀䐀䜀

䔀 䔀䐀䜀

匀吀刀䤀䄀

䄀䌀䌀䔀

䤀一䐀唀

䔀 ⸀ 䘀刀

䘀刀伀一

吀 䘀䄀윀 䄀䐀

䤀一䐀唀

䤀䈀䰀䔀 䤀 ⸀ 䄀䌀 䌀䔀匀匀

匀 ⸀ 吀伀 䄀䰀 匀 匀吀刀䤀 䤀一䐀唀

䐀䜀 一 䔀 一吀 伀 䤀

一 䔀 䔀刀䄀 䌀吀䤀伀 䤀一吀

䐀䜀䔀 ⸀

吀 䘀䄀윀䄀䐀䔀 䔀

䐀䜀䔀 ⸀

䄀䐀䔀 䔀䐀䜀䔀 ⸀

䘀刀伀一吀 䘀 䄀윀䄀䐀䔀 䔀

匀䤀䈀䰀䔀

䔀

䄀匀 䐀 倀

䔀 ⸀ 䘀刀

伀一吀 䘀 䄀윀䄀䐀

䌀䌀䔀匀

䔀匀

䘀刀伀一

伀一吀 䘀 䄀윀䄀䐀

䔀匀 ⸀ 䄀

䬀䔀

伀䌀 䈀䰀

倀䄀䌀 䔀 䔀

䐀䜀䔀

䤀䄀䰀 匀吀 伀刀䄀䜀

匀匀䤀䈀䰀

䜀䔀 匀䄀

⸀ 一伀

䰀䤀䌀 匀

唀匀吀刀

䔀匀 ⸀ 䄀

䄀䌀䌀䔀

䔀 䔀䐀䜀

䘀刀伀一 䄀䐀䔀 䔀䐀䜀䔀 ⸀

䘀刀伀一

吀䤀伀 䄀䌀 䔀刀

䤀䌀 䔀

䔀

䐀䜀䔀 ⸀

䔀䐀䜀

䔀 䤀一䐀

匀吀伀刀 䄀䜀

䈀䰀䔀 䔀匀匀䤀 䌀䌀 匀 ⸀ 䄀 刀䄀䜀䔀

䔀 ⸀

䤀一吀䔀 ⸀ 一伀

䔀

䈀䰀䤀䌀

䔀 䔀䐀䜀

䘀刀伀一吀 䘀䄀윀 䄀䐀䔀 䔀䐀䜀䔀 ⸀

䔀 ⸀

刀䄀䜀䔀

吀䔀刀䄀 䌀吀䤀伀 一 伀 䤀一 䐀䜀䔀 ⸀ 一

⸀

一 䔀䐀䜀

䐀 倀唀

倀唀䈀䰀

䌀䔀 䄀䌀

刀䄀䌀吀 䤀伀一 䔀

倀唀䈀

䄀䐀䔀 䔀䐀䜀䔀

刀䄀䌀吀 䤀伀

䈀䰀伀䌀 䬀䔀

䤀一吀䔀 刀䄀䌀吀 䤀嘀䔀

䈀䰀䤀䌀 䔀䐀䜀 䔀

刀䄀䌀吀䤀伀 一 䔀䐀䜀䔀

伀 䤀一吀䔀

䈀䰀伀䌀 䬀䔀䐀 倀唀

一伀 䤀一吀䔀

䘀刀伀一吀 䘀䄀윀

䔀 ⸀ 一

䐀䜀䔀

一伀 䤀一吀䔀刀䄀 䌀吀䤀伀一 䔀䐀䜀 䔀 ⸀ 一伀 䤀一吀䔀刀 䄀䌀吀䤀伀一 䔀䐀 䜀䔀

一 䔀䐀䜀

䘀刀伀一吀 䘀䄀윀

윀 䘀䄀 一吀

䄀윀 吀 䘀

伀一

䘀刀

䄀윀䄀䐀 伀一吀 䘀

䔀 ⸀ 䘀刀

匀匀䤀䈀䰀

䔀匀 ⸀

䔀 䄀䌀 匀倀 一吀 䌀䄀 嘀䄀 一吀 吀䔀 倀伀

吀䔀刀䄀 䌀吀䤀伀

䘀刀伀一吀 䘀䄀윀

伀

윀 䘀䄀 一吀

昀攀渀挀攀 ⸀

昀攀渀挀攀 ⸀ 昀攀渀挀攀 ⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀ 昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀 ⸀

一伀 䤀一

䘀刀伀一吀 䘀䄀윀 䄀䐀䔀 䔀䐀䜀䔀 ⸀

䄀

䘀刀

윀䄀䐀䔀

䄀䌀䌀䔀

吀 䤀一

⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀 䄀

䔀 䐀䔀

䐀䜀

䔀 䔀

䄀䐀

䔀 ⸀

刀伀

䤀一

⸀ 䘀刀伀一吀 䘀䄀윀䄀䐀䔀 䔀䐀䜀䔀 ⸀ 䘀刀伀一吀 䘀䄀윀 䘀䄀윀䄀䐀䔀 䔀䐀䜀䔀 䄀䐀䔀 䔀䐀䜀䔀 ⸀ 䘀刀伀一吀 䘀䄀윀䄀 䜀䔀 ⸀ 䘀刀伀一吀 䐀䔀

䄀䐀䔀 䔀䐀

一吀 䘀䄀윀 䔀 ⸀ 䘀刀伀

䔀 䔀䐀䜀

䘀

䤀伀

吀 䄀䌀

䔀刀

一吀

䐀 䤀

吀䔀

唀倀 吀刀

䔀 䔀䐀䜀

⸀

䐀䜀

䔀 ⸀

䜀䔀

䐀 一 䔀

吀 䘀䄀윀 䄀䐀

䔀䐀䜀

䐀䜀

匀 倀䄀

吀

䘀刀伀一

吀 䘀䄀

䔀 䐀䔀

䜀 匀䄀

䄀匀 ⸀ 倀

䜀䔀 匀䄀

䤀一

䜀䄀吀䔀

昀攀渀挀攀

挀

昀攀渀

攀渀

䔀

吀 唀倀 吀刀

䔀䐀䜀

䐀䔀 䘀䄀윀䄀

䐀唀匀吀刀夀 ⸀ 䜀刀䔀䔀一 䔀䐀䜀䔀 䤀一 䤀一䐀唀匀吀刀 夀 ⸀

䔀䰀䔀䌀吀刀䤀䌀䤀吀夀

吀

一 䐀 䤀

䘀刀伀一 䔀 ⸀

挀攀

攀渀

⸀昀 挀攀

攀⸀昀

渀挀

⸀昀攀

挀攀

攀渀

攀⸀昀

渀挀

攀 攀⸀昀

⸀

䜀䔀 ⸀ 䌀吀䤀伀一 䔀䐀 一伀 䤀一吀䔀刀䄀

一 䔀䐀䜀 䔀 一伀 䤀一 吀䔀刀䄀 䌀吀䤀伀 攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀 渀挀

攀

䐀䜀䔀 ⸀

䐀䔀 䔀 一吀 䘀䄀윀䄀 䜀䔀 ⸀ 䘀刀伀

䄀䐀䔀 䔀䐀

一吀 䘀䄀윀

䔀 ⸀ 䘀刀伀

䔀 䔀䐀䜀

䄀䐀 吀 䘀䄀윀

⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀ ⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀 䔀匀 ⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀 䄀䜀 伀刀 ⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀 匀吀 ⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀 吀刀䤀䄀䰀 ⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀 唀匀 ⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀 䔀 䤀一䐀 昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀 匀匀䤀䈀䰀

吀䔀 䜀䄀

䄀䰀 匀吀伀刀䄀䜀䔀匀 ⸀

⸀ 䄀䌀䌀䔀匀匀䤀䈀䰀䔀 䤀一䐀唀匀吀刀䤀

昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀

攀⸀昀攀 昀攀渀挀

昀攀 渀挀攀⸀

渀挀攀⸀

昀攀

⸀ 䄀䌀䌀䔀匀匀䤀䈀䰀䔀 䤀一䐀唀匀吀刀䤀

⸀ 䄀䌀䌀䔀匀匀䤀䈀䰀䔀 䤀一䐀唀匀吀刀䤀

䄀䰀 匀吀伀刀䄀䜀䔀匀 ⸀

䄀䰀 匀吀伀刀䄀䜀䔀匀 ⸀

⸀ 䄀䌀䌀䔀匀匀䤀䈀䰀䔀 䤀一䐀唀匀吀刀䤀

攀⸀昀攀 昀攀渀挀 渀挀攀⸀ 昀攀 渀挀攀⸀ 昀攀 渀挀攀⸀ 昀攀 渀挀攀⸀

䤀䄀䰀

䄀䰀 匀吀伀刀䄀䜀䔀匀

⸀ 䄀䌀䌀䔀匀匀䤀䈀䰀䔀 䤀一䐀唀匀吀刀䤀

䄀䰀 匀吀伀刀䄀䜀䔀匀

渀挀攀⸀

昀攀渀挀攀

䄀䰀 匀吀伀刀䄀䜀䔀匀 ⸀

⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀

⸀ 䄀䌀䌀䔀匀匀䤀䈀䰀䔀 䤀一䐀唀匀吀刀䤀

刀䤀䐀䜀 䔀䄀䐀 ⴀ 䈀 䜀䔀 ⸀ 䐀 䐀䜀䔀 䔀䐀 䐀 ⴀ 䈀刀䤀 䔀 䔀䐀䜀 䔀 ⸀ 䐀䔀䄀 刀䤀䐀䜀 䔀䄀䐀 ⴀ 䈀 䜀䔀 ⸀ 䐀 刀䤀䐀䜀 䔀 䔀䐀 䔀䄀䐀 ⴀ 䈀 䜀䔀 ⸀ 䐀 䜀䔀 䔀䐀 ⴀ 䈀刀䤀䐀 䐀䔀䄀䐀

䤀

一伀

䔀 䤀一 䤀一䐀唀匀吀刀夀 ⸀ 䜀刀䔀䔀一 䔀䐀䜀䔀 䤀一 䤀一

匀吀伀刀 䄀䜀䔀匀

伀

一

䔀 ⸀

䐀䜀

一 䔀

䤀伀

䌀吀 刀䄀

䔀 一吀

䔀 䤀伀一

䜀䔀 匀䄀

䄀匀 ⸀ 倀

䜀䔀 匀䄀

匀 倀䄀 䔀 ⸀

䔀

吀 䤀一

䔀 䐀䜀

吀 䄀䌀 䔀刀

吀䔀

倀 刀唀

吀 ⸀ 䤀一

䜀䔀

䔀䐀

䤀伀一

吀 䄀䌀

吀刀

一 䐀 䤀

䔀 䄀䜀 匀匀

䤀伀

䌀吀 刀䄀

一 䔀䐀䜀䔀 䤀一 䤀一䐀唀匀吀刀夀 ⸀ 䜀刀䔀䔀一 䔀䐀䜀

䔀䰀䔀䌀吀刀䤀䌀䤀吀夀

⸀倀䄀

䐀 一 䔀

䤀一 䤀一䐀唀匀吀刀夀 ⸀ 䜀刀䔀䔀一 䔀䐀䜀䔀 䤀一 䤀一䐀唀 匀吀刀夀 ⸀ 䜀刀䔀䔀

䜀䔀 匀䄀

昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀

䔀 䔀䐀䜀

䔀 ⸀

攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀

渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀

䔀䐀䜀䔀 䤀一 䤀一䐀唀匀吀刀夀 ⸀ 䜀刀䔀䔀一 䔀䐀䜀䔀

䄀匀 ⸀ 倀

䜀䔀

䌀䠀䄀刀䴀䘀唀䰀 䔀䐀䜀䔀 ⸀ 䌀䠀䄀刀䴀䘀唀䰀 䔀䐀䜀䔀 ⸀ 䌀䠀䄀刀䴀䘀唀䰀 䔀䐀䜀䔀 ⸀ 䌀䠀䄀刀䴀䘀唀䰀 䔀䐀䜀䔀 ⸀ 䌀䠀䄀刀䴀䘀唀䰀 䔀䐀䜀䔀 ⸀ 䌀䠀䄀刀䴀䘀唀䰀 䔀䐀䜀䔀 ⸀

䜀䔀 匀䄀

昀攀渀挀

⸀

匀 倀䄀

渀挀攀

攀⸀昀攀

渀挀 攀⸀昀攀

䔀

䜀刀䔀䔀一 䔀䐀䜀䔀 䤀一 䤀一䐀唀匀吀刀夀 ⸀ 䜀刀䔀䔀一

昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀昀攀渀挀攀⸀

吀䔀 䜀䄀

䐀䜀

61

䔀 䤀一䐀

唀匀吀刀

䤀䄀䰀

4.1.1.CHARMFUL EDGE

62

4.1.2. BRIDGE EDGE

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4.1.3. FRONT FAÇADE EDGE

64

4.1.4. FENCE

65

4.1.5. NO INTERACTION EDGE

66

4.1.6. POTENTIAL VACANT SPACE

67

4.1.7. INTERRUPTED INTERACTION EDGE

68

4.1.8. GREEN EDGE IN INDUSTRY

69

4.1.9. PUBLIC EDGE

70

4.1.10. BACK PUBLIC EDGE

71

4.1.11. BLOCKED PUBLIC EDGE

72

4.1.12. INTERACTIVE PUBLIC EDGE

73

4.1.13. BLOCKED PASSAGE

74

4.1.14. PASSAGE

75

4.1.15. GATE

76

4.1.16. ACCESSIBLE STORAGE EDGE

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4.2. EXISTING SITUATION There were several conditions which one living together on the same urban space of Kronenburg , such as limited publicity-public space , vacancy -vacant industrial space, obvious edges between housing and industry and a part from all of them, as a surprise, a little farm inside the vacant industrial area. Actually, when we take into account that, all of those situations are located next to each other, this existing condition comprises of strange bodies and makes it more interesting. Because, it is one of the very first hint of how the co-existing life is and how many distinct usage of space can be revealed together in the same urban environment.

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䔀堀䤀匀吀䤀一䜀 匀䤀吀唀䄀吀䤀伀一 簀 倀唀䈀䰀䤀䌀 匀倀䄀䌀䔀

79

䔀堀䤀匀吀䤀一䜀 匀䤀吀唀䄀吀䤀伀一 簀 嘀䄀䌀䄀一䌀夀

80

䔀堀䤀匀吀䤀一䜀 匀䤀吀唀䄀吀䤀伀一 簀 䠀伀唀匀䤀一䜀 ⴀ 䈀䄀䌀䬀夀䄀刀䐀 䤀一䐀唀匀吀刀夀

81

82

䔀堀䤀匀吀䤀一䜀 匀䤀吀唀䄀吀䤀伀一 簀 唀一唀匀䔀䐀 䤀一䐀唀匀吀刀䤀䄀䰀 䄀刀䔀䄀 ⴀ 䰀䤀吀吀䰀䔀 䘀䄀刀䴀

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4.3. LIVING-WORKING 4.3. LIVING-WORKING The other evident and specific characteristic of Kronenburg’s urban condition is living-working since it has been built as working class neighbourhood. In comparison with other districts of Antwerp or other cities, living-working are not distinct entities from each other in Kronenburg. From this point of viewpoint of view, living-working condition is read on district scale and on conforta houses scale.

4.3.1.DISTRICT When you look at the Kronenburg’s map, it appears mainly as two part as industry and housing. Industry shows up as backyard of district. Especially from Tweemondstraat to Albert Kanaal, it becomes more evident. From this point of view, we can say the urban space of Kronenburg work as living-working space itself.

4.3.2. CONFORTA HOUSES The Conforta Houses are the first housings which were sold as social houses to labours in Kronenburg. In addition, Conforta Houses, which are designed as the living-working units within their living areas and ateliers.

84

䤀一䐀唀匀吀刀夀 䠀伀唀匀䤀一䜀

圀伀刀䬀䤀一䜀 䰀䤀嘀䤀一䜀

䠀伀唀匀䔀匀 倀䰀䄀一

Living-Working on district scale 䰀䤀嘀䤀一䜀ⴀ圀伀刀䬀䤀一䜀 䌀伀一䐀䤀吀䤀伀一匀 簀 䬀伀刀䔀一䈀唀刀䜀

圀伀刀䬀䤀一䜀

匀䌀䠀䔀䴀䄀吀䤀䌀 倀䰀䄀一 伀䘀 伀一䔀 䌀伀一䘀伀刀吀䄀 唀一䤀吀

䰀䤀嘀䤀一䜀ⴀ圀伀刀䬀䤀一䜀 䌀伀一䐀䤀吀䤀伀一匀 䰀䤀嘀䤀一䜀 匀倀䄀䌀䔀

匀䰀䔀䔀倀䤀一䜀 刀伀伀䴀

伀倀䔀一 䬀䤀吀䌀䠀䔀一

匀䰀䔀䔀倀䤀一䜀 刀伀伀䴀

圀伀刀䬀䤀一䜀

Living-Working at Conforta Houses 䰀䤀嘀䤀一䜀ⴀ圀伀刀䬀䤀一䜀 䌀伀一䐀䤀吀䤀伀一匀 簀 䌀伀一䘀伀刀吀䄀 䠀伀唀匀䔀

䠀䄀䰀䘀 唀一䐀䔀刀 吀䠀䔀 䜀刀伀唀一䐀ⴀ 䘀䰀伀伀刀

䜀刀伀唀一䐀 䘀䰀伀伀刀

匀䰀䔀䔀倀䤀一䜀 刀伀伀䴀

匀䰀䔀䔀倀䤀一䜀 刀伀伀䴀

䘀䤀刀匀吀 䘀䰀伀伀刀

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4.4.CONDITION OF SOCIAL SPACE Kronenburg carries different identities together because it is also a place where many visible or invisible conflicts are going on. On the other hand, there is not enough common ground where people can gather and interact as a public space. As a result, the district also becomes more vulnerable place for outsiders, industry and inhabitants. You can understand what is going on easily according to following interviews, images and news.

JES Building fired by inhabitants of Kronenburg as a reaction of some un-acceptable actions by citizens; “DEURNE - Around five, a fire broke out on the facade of the Youth Competence Center (JCC) in the Tweemontstraat in Deurne. The fire was limited to the building’s façade due to the rapid performance of the Antwerp fire department. There was only smoke in the building.” [1] Gazet Van Antwerpen 24.08.2014

[1] JES Building Fire

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[2] A Reaction to kissing couple at Amsteelstraat

[1] http://m.gva.be/cnt/dmf20140824_01230486/brand-veroorzaakt-rookschade-in-jongeren-competentie-centrum

圀䠀䔀一 圀䔀 䜀䄀嘀䔀 䄀 匀䔀倀䔀刀䄀吀䔀䐀 刀伀伀䴀 䘀伀刀 䜀䤀刀䰀匀 吀䠀䔀䤀刀 䄀吀吀䄀一䐀䔀一䌀䔀 吀伀 伀唀刀 䔀嘀䔀一吀匀 䤀一䌀刀䔀䄀匀䔀䐀⸀ 䄀䰀匀伀 䤀䘀 圀䔀 䌀伀一匀䤀䐀䔀刀 吀䠀䔀 吀䔀一䐀䔀一䌀夀 伀䘀 䠀䄀嘀䤀一䜀 䠀䤀䜀䠀 䔀䐀唀䌀䄀吀䤀伀一 䰀䔀嘀䔀䰀 䄀䴀伀一䜀 䜀䤀刀䰀匀 䤀一 䬀伀刀䔀一䈀唀刀䜀 䤀匀 䠀䤀䜀䠀䔀刀 吀䠀䄀一 䈀伀夀匀⸀ 䈀唀吀 䄀匀 伀倀倀伀匀䔀䐀 吀伀 吀䠀䄀吀 吀䠀䔀刀䔀 䤀匀 一伀吀 䔀一伀唀䜀䠀 倀唀䈀䰀䤀䌀 匀倀䄀䌀䔀 䘀伀刀 䜀䤀刀䰀匀⸀ 唀匀唀䄀䰀䰀夀 䈀伀夀匀 䄀刀䔀 䔀嘀䔀刀夀ⴀ 圀䠀䔀刀䔀 Ⰰ 䈀唀吀 䜀䤀刀䰀匀 䐀伀䔀匀 一伀吀 䠀䄀嘀䔀 䄀 匀倀䄀䌀䔀 圀䠀䔀刀䔀 吀䠀䔀夀 䌀䄀一 䈀䔀 䌀伀䴀䘀伀刀吀䄀䈀䰀䔀⸀ 吀䠀䔀

吀䠀䔀刀䔀 䤀匀 一伀 匀倀䄀䌀䔀 吀伀 䜀䄀吀䠀䔀刀 圀䤀吀䠀 䘀刀䤀䔀一䐀匀 䄀䘀吀䔀刀 圀伀刀䬀⸀ 嘀伀䰀唀一吀䔀䔀刀Ⰰ 眀漀爀欀椀渀最 愀琀 樀攀猀 椀渀 欀漀爀攀渀戀甀爀最

䄀 洀愀渀 眀漀爀欀椀渀最 椀渀 欀漀爀攀渀戀甀爀最 䤀 圀伀唀䰀䐀 䰀䤀䬀䔀 吀伀 䠀䄀嘀䔀 䄀 匀倀䄀䌀䔀 圀䠀䔀刀䔀 䤀 䌀䄀一 圀䄀䰀䬀 圀䤀吀䠀 䴀夀 䐀伀䜀匀 䄀一䐀 䴀䔀䔀吀 圀䤀吀䠀 䴀夀 一䔀䤀䜀䠀䈀伀唀刀匀

䰀䤀匀䄀Ⰰ 氀椀瘀椀渀最 椀渀 欀漀爀攀渀戀甀爀最

吀䠀䔀刀䔀 圀䄀匀 䄀 䌀䄀䘀䔀 䈀唀吀 䤀吀 䠀䄀匀 䈀䔀䔀一 䌀䰀伀匀䔀䐀 匀伀 圀䔀 䠀䄀嘀䔀 吀伀 䜀伀 吀伀 伀䰀䐀 吀伀圀一 吀伀 䐀刀䤀一䬀 䄀 䈀䔀䔀刀 圀䤀吀䠀 伀唀刀 䘀刀䤀䔀一䐀匀⸀ 䄀䰀匀伀 吀䠀䔀刀䔀 䤀匀 一伀 倀唀䈀䰀䤀䌀 匀倀䄀䌀䔀 䘀伀刀 䔀䰀䐀䔀刀䰀夀 倀䔀伀倀䰀䔀⸀

䴀䄀刀䬀 Ⰰ氀椀瘀椀渀最 愀琀 攀氀搀攀爀氀礀 愀瀀ⴀ 瀀愀爀琀洀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 欀漀爀攀渀戀甀爀最 圀䔀 䐀伀 一伀吀 䠀䄀嘀䔀 䔀一伀唀䜀䠀 倀䰀䄀夀ⴀ 䜀刀伀唀一䐀 䤀一 䬀伀刀䔀一䐀䈀唀刀䜀⸀

圀䔀 䠀䄀嘀䔀 吀伀 䜀伀 倀䄀刀䬀 匀倀伀刀一伀伀刀䐀 䘀伀刀 䄀 倀䤀䌀一䤀䌀 圀䤀吀䠀 䴀夀 䌀䠀䤀䰀䐀刀䔀一 䄀一䐀 䤀吀 匀 匀伀 䠀䄀刀䐀 吀伀 䴀伀嘀䔀 圀䤀吀䠀 䴀䄀一夀 䬀䤀䐀匀⸀ 䤀 圀伀唀䰀䐀 䰀䤀䬀䔀 吀伀 䠀䄀嘀䔀 䄀 倀䄀刀䬀 䌀䰀伀匀䔀 吀伀 䴀夀 䠀伀唀匀䔀⸀ 䄀 戀漀礀 氀椀瘀椀渀最 椀渀 欀漀爀攀渀戀甀爀最

䠀䄀䨀䄀刀 Ⰰ 氀椀瘀椀渀最 椀渀 欀漀爀攀渀戀甀爀最

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4.5.EXISTING MASTER PLAN Park Spoor Noord‘s today’s location was owned by SNCB (Belgian Railways ) and the area was the former Antwerp Dam Station and has been vacant since 1998. As it is understood, the park is located on the north of Antwerp and in between two fragile districts. As a consequence of this situation, a design competition was announced with the slogan of ‘ A park for Twentieth Century ‘ in 2002 and the winner proposal ambition was to renovate to existing buildings and to create a park which will have an important effect not only abounded railway area but also neighbourhoods around the park .

First of all, the park was built to enhance the vulnerable condition of neighbour districts which are mainly comprised of different nationalities and background.

So the motto of the park was ‘ villages and metropolis’; a park for whole city, important for metropolitan region and beyond a park for daily practices of neighbourhood. The main idea was the park is a social space, a free space which gives a resident the opportunity to gain experience and to be active. In addition, besides park area; master plan of Park Spoor Noord consists of different entities such as SpoorPleis as a concert hall etc.However, the project of park succeeded to enhance the fragile urban condition and bridged to different formations. Today, it is the most living public space of Antwerp.

On the other hand, it is important to note that the master plan of Park Spoor Noord is finished at Burgermeester Gabriel Theunisbrug which is the beginning of Kronenburg and a death edge of district.

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[1] https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Spoor_Noord [2] https://www.vai.be/nl/project/park-spoor-noord

刀䤀一䜀

一伀伀刀䐀䔀刀䰀䄀䄀一 伀匀吀䔀刀圀䔀䔀䰀嘀䔀刀䈀䤀一䐀䤀一䜀

䘀䤀䔀吀匀䈀刀唀䜀夀娀䰀䄀䄀一

䴀䄀刀䤀吀䤀䴀䔀 倀䄀刀䬀

䄀䰀䈀䔀刀䬀䄀一䄀䄀䰀

匀倀伀刀吀倀䰀䔀、匀

䈀、匀䌀䠀伀倀倀䔀一䠀伀䘀䰀䄀䄀一

倀䄀刀䬀 匀倀伀伀刀 一伀刀䐀

䴀䄀匀 匀吀唀䤀一嘀䔀刀倀䰀䔀䤀一 匀、一吀 䨀䄀一匀倀䰀䔀䤀一 一伀刀䐀娀唀、䐀嘀䔀刀䈀、一䐀、一䜀

䴀䄀匀吀䔀刀 倀䰀䄀一 伀䘀 倀䄀刀䬀 匀倀伀伀刀 一伀刀䐀

刀䤀一䜀 匀䤀一䜀䔀䰀

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4.6.CANAL-NEW ROAD “The European Union will co-finance with €1.5 million from the TEN-T Programme project to improve Albert Canal in the Belgian region of Flanders to allow bigger and taller barges and ships access to this key waterway. The project is the part of a wider series of improvements on the Albert Canal to allow for increased container traffic. “ [1] Albert Kanaal widening process will affect the canal side of Kronenburg As a result of that, many edge and existing conditions will change, for instance, the limits of canal, demolishing of potential vacant building and moving the Depannage la France’s (which is owned by the land ) office building. However, at first glance this situation seems hard for the company but if we consider that they want to improve the life quality in Kronenburg instead of interrupting all the relations with neighbourhood, the new situation can bring more opportunity to company and also the inhabitants of the district.

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[1] https://ec.europa.eu/inea/en/news-events/newsroom/eu-funds-granted-improve-belgiums-albert-canal

㼀⸀ 㼀⸀

㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀

㼀

㼀

⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀

㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀

⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀

㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀

㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀ 㼀⸀

㼀

㼀

[2] Future canal borders and changes on urban fabric

[1] Existing situation with future canal limits

圀䠀䄀吀 圀䤀䰀䰀 䠀䄀倀倀䔀一 㼀

䐀䔀唀刀一䔀 ⴀ 䬀伀刀䔀一䈀唀刀䜀

[3] New Road

一䔀圀 䰀䤀䴀䤀吀 伀䘀 吀䠀䔀 䌀䄀一䄀䰀

一䔀圀 刀伀䄀䐀

91

92

5.0. RE-APPROPRAITION OF SOCIAL SPACE IN KRONENBURG

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The existing and future condition of Korenenburg should be taken into account with the deprivation of industry and how this condition turns into the chosen area to a fragile hub with its location as being backyard of district and the new understanding of industry. Besides that considering re-appropriation of social space in Kronenburg , it should be considered that three critiques as respect to design process and production via subsequent lines; “…. , each with a different take on the notion of use : the critique of the hegemony of design (and the designer ) , with as the alternative design practices that places the users in the center ( Jacobs, Gehl ) ; the critique of vulgar interpretations of functionalism, supporting an open interpretation of the relationship between form and use (Rossi ) ; and the critique of commodification of architecture ( and the city ) , placing the focus on the accumulated use value rather than the Exchange value ( Lefebvre ) . In these three positions use is rendered in very different terms , but all three point to the relative autonomy of an aspect of use : the autonomy of the user , the autonomy of the city as an inalienable collective good , the autonomy of ( architectural ) form with respect to use , that is , the possibility to put a form to different use and the openness of form to perpetual re-appropriation . By rephrasing use of these, there positions, each in their own way , distance themselves from a one-sided functionalistic approach. “ [1] So the aim of my proposal is not to develop the buildings as distinct entities but to organize them as a part of continuous vision within timeline and to design flexible edges which will help to create a bridge between the district and the industry as a new backyard of the district and also the city of Antwerp.

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[1] Els Vervloesem , Micheal Dehaene , Marleen Goethals , Hüsnü Yeğenoğlu , Social Poetics ; The Architecture of Use and Appropriation (OASE #96 Journal for Architecture ,2016) , p. 11-13

On the other hand, it is important to consider the profit of land’s owner with creating new vision which will give the opportunity to transform the existing economical activities to a new form in the line with the new trend of productivity. From this point of view, the small scale workshop areas are the new forms of productivity which can overlap with living activities and public activities of district meanwhile, on the other hand it will provide a continuity of economic activities and also green densification policy of Antwerp.

According to those , the crucial aspect of my proposal is the continuity of co-existences and the integration of public space and living-working in line with creating sustainable social space for industry and inhabitants of Korenenburg. Following that the main idea of creating social space is keeping ground floor facilities as much as collective and flexible which can serve for different function. Therefore, the ground floors will allow exchange and permeability between different buildings, revealing the interdependence of knowledge and production, production and consumption.

In conjunction with that 4 themes stand out during my design process which are respectively empowering the existing public space, start-up for fragile industry, a new system for living-working, common ground for Kronenburg.

At first glance, these 4 themes seems very distinct formations from each other but actually they intermingle and create the opportunity to occur with existence. So progress process of these 4 themes is essentially important to re-appropriate social space in Kronenburg . Furthermore, you can read about each theme bellowing lines.

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5.1.1 EMPOWERING THE EXISTING PUBLIC SPACE On the basis of urban conditions, there is a fragile public awareness and there is not enough qualified and appropriated public space in the district. In accordance, Don Mitchell description highlights the public space as “ What makes a space public … is not its preordained ‘publicness’. Rather, it is when to fulfil a pressing need , some group or another takes space and through its action and makes it public . “ [1] So, my idea is to empower the existing public space in the light of temporary activities and actions and also creating active edges which will give opportunity to embodied different spaces and activities within its own conditions.

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[1] Don Mitchell , The Right to the City : Social Justice and the Fight for Public Space , ( Guilford Press, 2003) , p. 35

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5.1.2.START-UP FOR FRAGILE INDUSTRY The current situation of Kronenburg’s industry has fragility as a result of depravation of industry in the district and the new form of production. However, Saskia Sassen explains the new form of production according to those lines; “ Changes in the employment relationship reshaped social reproduction and consumption trends which have had a feedback effect on economic organization and earnings. “ [1] Based on that, we can widen the subject with following lines , “ …. On the one hand, lifestyles and forms of production and distribution are changing more and more rapidly, which leads to ever new notions of space, forms of organization and aesthetics. On the other hand , the useful life of building is also becoming shorter as a consequence of ever shorter depreciation cycles with high required returns, poor construction oversight , space concepts and building methods with flexibility, and a total lack of connection between the exploitation of land and capital and the ‘end users’ of the space. “ [2] Consequently, the aim of this theme to enhance the working condition via new start-up which will create a flexible space and collective space that will generate osmosis between the industry and the district.

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[1] Saskia Sassen ,The Informal Economy; Between New Developments and Old Regulations ( Urban Catalyst , Dom Publishers,2013), p.98 [2] Rudolf Kohoutek , Christa Kamleithner , The Economy of Temporary Use , ( Urban Catalyst , Dom Publishers,2013), p 87

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5.1.3. A NEW SYSTEM FOR LIVING-WORKING First of all as a consequence of population increase and density policy of Antwerp, there is a need for new living areas. On the other hand, considering the living areas where social control occurs , providing new living units will help to control un-used spaces . On the one hand, workshop spaces on the ground floor give an opportunity to build convivial urban space and social control in the district .

From this point of view, if we focus on my proposal about how the relationship between domestic space and workspace, they are separated from each other via located on different levels but also they are still in an interaction by sharing the same building. This separation between domestic space and workspace also gives flexibility to space and the opportunity for different usages and users.

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5.1.4. COMMON GROUND FOR KRONENBURG The integration of different building types and uses whether residential or commercial, new or old help to bring the people together with different ages and the education level. In a way this diversity attracts people into space but most important thing people attract each other. From this point of view, Jane Jacobs clarify this situation as “…that the sight of people attracts still other people, is something that city planners and city architectural designers seem to find incomprehensible. They operate on the premise that city people seek the sight of emptiness, obvious order and quiet. Nothing could be less true. The presences of great numbers of people gathered together in cities should not only be frankly accepted as a physical fact – they should also be enjoyed as an asset and their presence celebrated.” [1] As regards to that a convivial space is created by people and usage, because of that the activity and action in the space has a crucial importance to keep it alive . From this point of view, activities should support by different temporary use and activities as catalyst.

Furthermore; if we think about meaning of the ‘common ground’ which creates dialogue between different sides and a meeting point; thus, mixed used urban space creates actually its own opportunity to build between two sides. So we can consider mixed use urban space as a common ground itself.

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[1] Jane Jacobs , ( PPS , 2004 )

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5.2. STEPS As regards to my research there are many different urban conditions which directly affect the area , my proposal suggest to build up new spaces within timeline which is designed according to new plans of Albert Canal and moving process of Depannage la France . Actuall, it is important to underline that each steps within timeline and the spaces which ones they created intermingle with each other.

You can follow each steps respectively; Considering existing public spaces in Kronenburg first step proposes to temporary use and activation of vacant spaces. Following first step, second step offers to add more workshop spaces on ground floor which can be used by JES and inhabitants and a living unit to increase social control as regards to existing urban-social conditions.

However, third step proposes to build up a new building instead of demolished wooden hangar in accordance to its volume and forms which gives an identity to existing urban space and also it can be seen as the landmark of backyard of Kronenburg. Besides, this building works as a flexible interior public space and addition to that, this step proposes to re-use of existing industrial storage as a new start-up building for industry.

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Furthermore; fourth step suggests to construct new living-working area which can create a social control and a sustainable-social working environment on the backyard of Kronenburg. On the other hand, underneath of this new living-working area , a new parking plot is located which can serve for 152 cars that will help to reduce outside-parking pollution in the district.

Finally, fifth step proposes to re-use of existing storage for temporary activities which can be held by inhabitants and industry and will allow spreading out the activities open public spaces. To be more precise, fifth step creates and opportunity to build a bridge among all steps to intermingle with each other and finalized this process .

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5.2.1. STEP 1

吀䔀䴀倀伀刀䄀刀夀 唀匀䔀 伀䘀 嘀䄀䌀䄀一吀 匀倀䄀䌀䔀

吀䔀䴀倀伀刀䄀刀夀 唀匀䔀 伀䘀 圀伀伀䐀䔀一 䠀䄀一䜀䄀刀 吀䔀䴀倀伀刀䄀刀夀 䈀伀唀一䐀䄀刀夀

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䔀一䐀 伀䘀 圀䤀䐀䔀一䤀一䜀 䌀䄀一䄀䰀

匀吀䄀刀吀 伀䘀 圀䤀䐀䔀一䤀一䜀 䌀䄀一䄀䰀 ㈀ ㄀㠀

㈀ ㄀㤀

㈀ ㈀

㈀ ㈀㄀

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5.2.1 STEP 2

圀伀刀䬀匀䠀伀倀匀 圀伀刀䬀匀䠀伀倀匀

䰀䤀嘀䤀一䜀 唀一䤀吀 圀伀刀䬀匀䠀伀倀

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䔀一䐀 伀䘀 圀䤀䐀䔀一䤀一䜀 䌀䄀一䄀䰀

匀吀䄀刀吀 伀䘀 圀䤀䐀䔀一䤀一䜀 䌀䄀一䄀䰀 ㈀ ㄀㠀

㈀ ㄀㤀

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戀甀椀氀搀椀渀最 眀漀爀欀猀栀漀瀀猀 ⬀氀椀瘀椀渀最⸀戀甀椀氀搀椀渀最 眀漀爀欀猀栀漀瀀猀 ⬀氀椀瘀椀渀最

吀䔀䴀倀伀刀䄀刀夀 ⴀ 唀匀䔀 伀䘀 圀伀伀䐀䔀一 䠀䄀一䜀䄀刀 吀䔀䴀倀伀刀䄀刀夀 ⴀ 唀匀䔀 伀䘀 嘀䄀䌀䄀一吀 匀倀䄀䌀䔀⸀吀䔀䴀倀伀刀䄀刀夀 ⴀ 唀匀䔀 伀䘀 嘀䄀䌀䄀一吀 匀倀䄀䌀䔀⸀吀䔀䴀倀伀刀䄀刀夀 ⴀ 唀匀䔀 伀䘀 嘀䄀䌀䄀一吀 匀倀䄀䌀䔀

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5.2.3. STEP 3

䔀堀吀䔀一䐀䔀䐀 䜀刀䔀䔀一 䄀刀䔀䄀

刀䔀唀匀䔀 伀䘀 匀吀伀刀䄀䜀䔀 ⴀ 一䔀圀 匀吀䄀刀吀 唀倀 䈀唀䤀䰀䐀䤀一䜀 䘀䰀䔀堀䤀䈀䰀䔀 䈀唀䤀䰀䐀䤀一䜀 䘀伀刀 倀唀䈀䰀䤀䌀 唀匀䔀

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匀吀䄀刀吀 伀䘀 圀䤀䐀䔀一䤀一䜀 䌀䄀一䄀䰀 ㈀ ㄀㠀

㈀ ㄀㤀

䔀一䐀 伀䘀 圀䤀䐀䔀一䤀一䜀 䌀䄀一䄀䰀 ㈀ ㈀

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戀甀椀氀搀椀渀最 眀漀爀欀猀栀漀瀀猀 ⬀氀椀瘀椀渀最⸀戀甀椀氀搀椀渀最 眀漀爀欀猀栀漀瀀猀 ⬀氀椀瘀椀渀最

吀䔀䴀倀伀刀䄀刀夀 ⴀ 唀匀䔀 伀䘀 圀伀伀䐀䔀一 䠀䄀一䜀䄀刀

匀吀䄀刀吀 ⴀ 唀倀 䈀唀䤀䰀䐀䤀一䜀 ⸀匀吀䄀刀吀 ⴀ 唀倀 䈀唀䤀䰀䐀䤀一䜀 ⸀ 匀吀䄀刀吀 ⴀ 唀倀 䈀唀䤀䰀䐀䤀一䜀 ⸀匀吀䄀刀吀 ⴀ 唀倀 䈀唀䤀䰀䐀䤀一䜀 ⸀匀吀䄀刀吀 ⴀ 唀倀 䈀唀䤀䰀䐀䤀一䜀 ⸀匀吀䄀刀吀 ⴀ 唀倀 䈀唀䤀䰀䐀䤀一䜀 ⸀

吀䔀䴀倀伀刀䄀刀夀 ⴀ 唀匀䔀 伀䘀 嘀䄀䌀䄀一吀 匀倀䄀䌀䔀⸀吀䔀䴀倀伀刀䄀刀夀 ⴀ 唀匀䔀 伀䘀 嘀䄀䌀䄀一吀 匀倀䄀䌀䔀⸀吀䔀䴀倀伀刀䄀刀夀 ⴀ 唀匀䔀 伀䘀 嘀䄀䌀䄀一吀 匀倀䄀䌀䔀

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䘀䤀刀匀吀 䘀䰀伀伀刀 倀䰀䄀一

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5.2.4. STEP 4

䰀䤀嘀䤀一䜀 唀一䤀吀匀ⴀ 圀伀刀䬀匀倀䄀䌀䔀匀 䰀䤀嘀䤀一䜀 唀一䤀吀匀ⴀ 圀伀刀䬀匀倀䄀䌀䔀匀

匀䰀伀倀倀䔀䐀 䜀刀䔀䔀一 䄀刀䔀䄀

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䌀伀䴀䴀伀一 䜀䄀刀䐀䔀一

匀吀䄀刀吀 伀䘀 圀䤀䐀䔀一䤀一䜀 䌀䄀一䄀䰀 ㈀ ㄀㠀

㈀ ㄀㤀

䔀一䐀 伀䘀 圀䤀䐀䔀一䤀一䜀 䌀䄀一䄀䰀 ㈀ ㈀

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PARKING PLOTBASEMENT FLOOR PLAN

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WORKING SPACES GROUND FLOOR PLAN

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圀伀刀䬀匀倀䄀䌀䔀ⴀ䜀刀伀唀一䐀 䘀䰀伀伀刀

䘀䤀刀匀吀 䘀䰀伀伀刀

䘀刀伀一吀 䘀䄀윀䄀䐀䔀

吀夀倀䔀 ㄀ 㨀 ⴀ 䘀䄀䴀䤀䰀夀 䠀伀唀匀䔀 圀䤀吀䠀 圀伀刀䬀匀倀䄀䌀䔀 伀一 䜀刀伀唀一䐀 䘀䰀伀伀刀

匀䔀䌀伀一䐀 䘀䰀伀伀刀

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圀伀刀䬀匀倀䄀䌀䔀ⴀ䜀刀伀唀一䐀 䘀䰀伀伀刀

䘀刀伀一吀 䘀䄀윀䄀䐀䔀

䘀䤀刀匀吀 䘀䰀伀伀刀

吀夀倀䔀 ㈀ 㨀 ⴀ 匀䤀一䜀䰀䔀 䘀䄀䴀䤀䰀夀 䠀伀唀匀䔀 圀䤀吀䠀 圀伀刀䬀匀倀䄀䌀䔀 伀一 䜀刀伀唀一䐀 䘀䰀伀伀刀

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5.2.5. STEP 5

伀倀䔀一 倀唀䈀䰀䤀䌀 匀倀䄀䌀䔀

刀䔀ⴀ唀匀䔀 伀䘀 匀吀伀刀䄀䜀䔀 䘀伀刀 吀䔀䴀倀伀刀䄀刀夀 唀匀䄀䜀䔀 䌀伀䰀䰀䔀䌀吀䤀嘀䔀 匀倀䄀䌀䔀 䘀伀刀 䤀一䐀唀匀吀刀夀ⴀ 䤀一䠀䄀䈀䤀吀䄀一吀匀

䌀伀䴀䴀伀一 䜀䄀刀䐀䔀一

䌀伀䰀䰀䔀䌀吀䤀嘀䔀 匀倀䄀䌀䔀 䘀伀刀 䰀䤀嘀䤀一䜀 唀一䤀吀匀 ⴀ 圀伀刀䬀匀倀䄀䌀䔀

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倀唀䈀䰀䤀䌀 匀倀䄀䌀䔀 䘀伀刀 夀伀唀吀䠀匀

䔀一䐀 伀䘀 圀䤀䐀䔀一䤀一䜀 䌀䄀一䄀䰀

匀吀䄀刀吀 伀䘀 圀䤀䐀䔀一䤀一䜀 䌀䄀一䄀䰀 ㈀ ㄀㠀

㈀ ㄀㤀

㈀ ㈀

㈀ ㈀㄀

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䈀䔀䘀伀刀䔀

䄀䘀吀䔀刀

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䜀刀䔀䔀一 匀䤀䐀䔀 䈀䤀䬀䔀 䄀刀䔀䄀 圀䄀䰀䬀 倀䄀吀䠀

䈀䤀䬀䔀 匀䤀䐀䔀 䄀䰀䈀䔀刀吀 倀䄀吀䠀 圀䄀䰀䬀 䌀䄀一䄀䰀

匀䔀䌀吀䤀伀一 伀䘀 一䔀圀 刀伀䄀䐀

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6.0. CONCLUSION

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I would like to conclude my thesis via identifying how I see social space and how I tried to build it by my proposal in Kronenburg as regards to my research.

However, it is important to start with how I understand the social space after my research ; Social space is a common ground which allows people to meet and interact via different actions and activities which keep the space alive. As a result of this composition, the space becomes a social product which creates different level of osmosis.

In line with that I tried to create in between public spaces among different circumstances and users by different functions and forms. From this point of view , my proposal consists of different levels of osmosis of different characteristic spaces within this it gives more opportunity to develop better qualified urban space for users , inhabitants of Kronenburg , industry , and from bigger scale city of Antwerp. Finall , this new vision of Kronenburg provides not only qualified urban space on district scale but also provides qualified urban space on city scale within being a continuity of master plan of Park Spoor Noord. So the impact of proposal creates different opportunities on different scales of urban spaces.

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CASE STUDIES ATLAS

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Substrate Factory Ayase | Aki Hamada Architects

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Frac Nord-Pas de Calais | Lacaton & Vassal’s

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L’Architecture est dans le PrÊ | Claas architectes

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Erginoğlu Çalışlar | Yapı Endüstri Merkezi

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Residential Building Brunet | Baumschlager Eberle Arckitecten

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Terrace 9 | AZC

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MAQUETS ATLAS

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1/2000 SCALE SITE MODEL

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1/500 SCALE SITE MODEL

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1/200 SCALE SECTION MODEL 1

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1/200 SCALE SECTION MODEL 2

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1/200 SCALE SECTION MODEL 3

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1/200 SCALE SECTION MODEL 4

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1/200 SCALE SECTION MODEL 5

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1/200 SCALE SECTION MODEL 6

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1/200 SCALE SECTION MODEL 7

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REFERENCES -Henri Lefebvre , Production of Space , Blackwell Publishers , 1984 -Richard Senett , Housing and Urban Neighbourhoods -The Open City , Urbanage Newspaper Essay , Berlin , November 2006 -Phillipp Oswalt , Klaus Overmeyer , Philipp Misselwitz , The Power of Temporary Use - Urban Catalys , DOM Publishers,2013 -DOGMA , 11 Projects , AA Publications , 2013 -DOGMA , Living Working Together -OASE #96 , Social Poetics - The Architecture of Use and Appropriation - Andrea Thuma , Hana Arendt , Agency and the Public Space , IWM , 2016 -Jan Gehl , Cities for People , Island Publisher , 2010 -Henry Shaftoe , Convivial Urban Spaces - Creating Effective Public Spaces , Earthscan,2008 -Junzo Kuroda, Momoyo Kaijima , Made in Tokyo: A Guide Book , Kajima Institute Publishing Co , 2001 -UN-HABITAT Sustainable Urban Development Network (SUD-Net) ,Placemaking and the Future of Cities , Public Spaces,Inc.Fall 2012 -LABO XX : http://www.antwerpen.be/docs/Stad/Stadsvernieuwing/9746949_urbandevelopment_English.pdf -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_sphere -https://www.provincieantwerpen.be/content/dam/provant/drem/dienst-gebiedsgericht-beleid/Actieplan_Kaderplan_Albertkanaal_Antwerpen_Schoten_Wijnegem_tg.pdf -https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eEx1apBAS9A&list=LLNgmT8Mj94kmA4KxzyRoTFQ&index=105 -https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B7_uB51UU8s&list=LLNgmT8Mj94kmA4KxzyRoTFQ&index=103

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