e56
Circulation
February 23, 2010
2. Cardiovascular Diseases ICD-9 390 – 459, 745–747, ICD-10 I00 –I99, Q20 –Q28; see Glossary (Chapter 22) for details and definitions. See Tables 2-1 through 2-5 and Charts 2-1 through 2-21.
AED
automated external defibrillator
AHA
American Heart Association
AHRQ
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
AIDS
acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AP
angina pectoris
ARIC
Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study
BMI
body mass index
BP
blood pressure
BRFSS
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
CABG
Cardiac revascularization (coronary artery bypass graft)
CARDIA
Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults
CDC
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CHD
coronary heart disease congestive heart failure
CHS
Cardiovascular Health Study
CLRD
chronic lower respiratory disease
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CVD
cardiovascular disease
DM
diabetes mellitus
ED
emergency department
EMS
emergency medical services
FHS
Framingham Heart Study
HBP
high blood pressure
HD
heart disease
HF
heart failure
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
ICD-9
International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision
ICD-10
International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision
LDL
low-density lipoprotein
MEPS
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey
MESA
Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
MI
myocardial infarction
MRFIT
Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
NAMCS
National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey
NCHS
National Center for Health Statistics
NHAMCS
National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey
NHANES
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
NHDS
National Hospital Discharge Survey
NHES
National Health Examination Survey
NHIS
National Health Interview Survey
NHLBI
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
NIS
National Inpatient Sample
NNHS
National Nursing Home Survey outpatient department physical activity
RR
relative risk
VF
ventricular fibrillation
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High BP (HBP)—74 500 000 (defined as systolic pressure ⱖ140 mm Hg and/or diastolic pressure ⱖ90 mm Hg, use of antihypertensive medication, or being told at least twice by a physician or other health professional that one has HBP). Coronary heart disease (CHD)—17 600 000. — MI (heart attack)— 8 500 000. — AP (chest pain)—10 200 000.
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CHF
PA
An estimated 81 100 000 American adults (more than 1 in 3) have 1 or more types of CVD. Of these, 38 100 000 are estimated to be ⱖ60 years of age. Total CVD includes diseases listed in the bullet points below, except for congenital CVD. Because of overlap, it is not possible to add these conditions to arrive at a total. ●
Abbreviations Used in Chapter 2
OPD
Prevalence
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Heart failure (HF)—5 800 000. Stroke— 6 400 000. Congenital cardiovascular defects— 650 000 to 1 300 000 (see Chapter 7).
The following age-adjusted prevalence estimates from the NHIS, NCHS are for diagnosed conditions for people ⱖ18 years of age in 20081: ●
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Among whites only, 12.1% have heart disease (HD), 6.5% have CHD, 23.3% have hypertension, and 2.7% have had a stroke. Among blacks or African Americans, 10.2% have HD, 5.6% have CHD, 31.8% have hypertension, and 3.6% have had a stroke. Among Hispanics or Latinos, 8.1% have HD, 5.7% have CHD, 21.0% have hypertension, and 2.6% have had a stroke. Among Asians, 5.2% have HD, 2.9% have CHD, 21.0% have hypertension, and 1.8% have had a stroke. Among American Indians or Alaska Natives, 12.1% have HD, 6.6%* have CHD, 25.3% have hypertension, and 3.9% have had a stroke.* Among Native Hawaiians or other Pacific Islanders, HD, CHD, and stroke numbers are not reported because of large relative standard errors; 19.7%* have hypertension. Asian Indian adults (9%) are approximately 2-fold more likely than Korean adults (4%) to have ever been told they have HD.2
Incidence ●
On the basis of the NHLBI’s FHS original and offspring cohort data from 1980 to 20033: — The average annual rates of first cardiovascular (CVD) events rise from 3 per 1000 men at 35 to 44 years of age to 74 per 1000 men at 85 to 94 years of age. For women, comparable rates occur 10 years later in life. The gap narrows with advancing age. — Before 75 years of age, a higher proportion of CVD events due to CHD occur in men than in women, and a higher *Figure considered unreliable.
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