Estadísticas salud año 2010 by é-saúde

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data World health statistics 2010. 1.Health status indicators. 2.World health. 3.Health services - statistics. 4.Mortality. 5.Morbidity. 6.Life expectancy. 7.Demography. 8.Statistics. I.World Health Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 156398 7

(NLM classiﬁcation: WA 900.1)

© World Health Organization 2010 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: bookorders@who.int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: permissions@who.int). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of speciﬁc companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use.

Acknowledgements This publication was produced by the Department of Health Statistics and Informatics of the Information, Evidence and Research Cluster, under the direction of Ties Boerma and Carla AbouZahr, assisted by Jessica Ho, Ahmadreza Hosseinpoor and Annet WR Mahanani, and in collaboration with WHO technical programmes and regional ofﬁces and with other agencies in the United Nations system. The following WHO staff contributed to the content of this publication: Mohammed Ali, Khan Aseel, Eric Bertherat, Michel Beusenberg, Monika Bloessner, Sophie Bonjour, Cynthia Boschi Pinto, Sylvie Briand, Anthony Burton, Alexandra Cameron, Claire Chauvin, Doris Chou, Denis Daumerie, Mercedes de Onis, Chris Dye, Katya Fernandez-Vegas, Alexandra Fleischmann, Katherine Floyd, Daniela Fuhr, Marta Gacic Dobo, Jun Gao, Sandra Garnier, Andrea Gerger, Philippe Glaziou, Neeru Gupta, Alexandra Hill, Rifat Hossain, Chandika Indikadahena, Mie Inoue, Gauri Khanna, Nathalie Kizirian, Teena Kunjumen, Richard Laing, Enrique Loyola, Doris Ma Fat, Fatima Marinho, Ramon Martinez, Liz Mason, Colin Mathers, Jill Meloni, Anne-Beth Moller, Elizabeth Mumford, Chizuru Nishida, Sahar Parvez, William Perea Caro, Vladimir Pozniak, Annette Pruss-Ustun, Dag Rekve, Randa Saadeh, Lale Say, Sunil Senanayake, William Soumbey-Alley, Yves Souteyrand, Tessa Tan-Torres, Hazim Timimi, Katelijn Vandemaele, Caroline Warming, Ryan Williams and Ju Yang. WHO is grateful to UNICEF (Danielle Burke, Claudia Cappa, Edilberto Loaiza, Holly Newby and Tessa Wardlaw); the Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (Gerhard K Heilig and François Pelletier); the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States of America (Brandon O’Hara and Wick Warren); and the World Bank (Shota Hatakeyama) for their valuable contributions. The publication was edited by Tony Waddell. Support for the online database was provided by Phillipe Boucher, Zoe Brillantes, Steve Moore, John Rawlinson, Florence Rusciano and Knut Staring. Production support was provided by the Department of Knowledge Management and Sharing, including Caroline Allsopp, Ian Coltart and Maryvonne Grisetti. Graphic design and layout was by Sophie Guetaneh Aguettant and Florence Rusciano. We thank Petra Schuster for her administrative support. Cover design: Michel Beusenberg, Sophie Guetaneh Aguettant and Denis Meissner.

Printed in France.

Table of Contents Introduction

Part I. Health-related Millennium Development Goals

Summary of status and trends Regional and country charts

1. Children aged <5 years underweight (%) 2. Under-ﬁve mortality rate (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births) 3. Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (%) 4. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births) 5. Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 6. Contraceptive prevalence (%) 7. Adolescent fertility rate (per 1000 girls aged 15–19 years) 8. Antenatal care coverage (%): at least 1 visit and at least 4 visits 9. Unmet need for family planning (%) 10. Prevalence of HIV among adults aged 15–49 years (%) 11. Males aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (%) 12. Females aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (%) 13. Antiretroviral therapy coverage among people with advanced HIV infection (%) 14. Malaria mortality rate (per 100 000 population) 15. Children aged <5 years sleeping under insecticide-treated nets (%) 16. Children aged <5 years with fever who received treatment with any antimalarial (%) 17. Tuberculosis mortality rate among HIV-negative people (per 100 000 population) 18. Population using improved drinking-water sources (%) 19. Population using improved sanitation (%)

Part II. Global health indicators Table 1

23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41

Mortality and burden of disease

Life expectancy at birth (years) Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birth (years) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1000 live births) Infant mortality rate (probability of dying by age 1 per 1000 live births) Under-ﬁve mortality rate (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births) Adult mortality rate (probability of dying between 15 and 60 years per 1000 population)

Table 2

Cause-speciﬁc mortality and morbidity

Mortality Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births) Cause-speciﬁc mortality rate (per 100 000 population) Age-standardized mortality rates by cause (per 100 000 population) Distribution of years of life lost by broader causes (%) Distribution of causes of death among children aged <5 years (%) Morbidity Prevalence of tuberculosis (per 100 000 population) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100 000 population per year) Prevalence of HIV among adults aged 15–49 years (%)

Table 3

Selected infectious diseases : number of reported cases

Cholera Diphtheria H5N1 inﬂuenza Japanese encephalitis Leprosy Malaria Measles Meningitis Mumps Pertussis Plague Poliomyelitis Congenital rubella syndrome Rubella Neonatal tetanus Total tetanus Tuberculosis Yellow fever

Table 4

Health service coverage

Antenatal care coverage (%) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Births by caesarean section (%) Neonates protected at birth against neonatal tetanus (%) Immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (%) Children aged 6–59 months who received vitamin A supplementation (%) Children aged <5 years sleeping under insecticide-treated nets (%)

Children aged <5 years with fever who received treatment with any antimalarial (%) Children aged <5 years with ARI symptoms taken to facility (%) Children aged <5 years with diarrhoea receiving ORT (%) Unmet need for family planning (%) Contraceptive prevalence (%) Antiretroviral therapy coverage among HIV-infected pregnant women for PMTCT (%) Antiretroviral therapy coverage among people with advanced HIV infection (%) Smear-positive tuberculosis case-detection rate (%) Smear-positive tuberculosis treatment-success rate (%)

Table 5

Risk factors

Population using improved drinking-water sources (%) Population using improved sanitation (%) Population using solid fuels (%) Low-birth-weight newborns (%) Infants exclusively breastfed for the ﬁrst 6 months of life (%) Children aged <5 years stunted (%) Children aged <5 years underweight (%) Children aged <5 years overweight (%) Adults aged ≥15 years who are obese (%) Alcohol consumption among adults aged ≥15 years (litres of pure alcohol per person per year) Prevalence of smoking any tobacco product among adults aged ≥15 years (%) Prevalence of current tobacco use among adolescents aged 13–15 years (%) Prevalence of condom use by adults aged 15–49 years at higher-risk sex (%) Population aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (%)

Table 6

Health workforce, infrastructure and essential medicines

Health workforce and infrastructure Number of physicians and density (per 10 000 population) Number of nursing and midwifery personnel and density (per 10 000 population) Number of dentistry personnel and density (per 10 000 population) Number of pharmaceutical personnel and density (per 10 000 population) Number of environment and public health workers and density (per 10 000 population) Number of community health workers and density (per 10 000 population) Hospital beds (per 10 000 population) Essential medicines Median availability of selected generic medicines in public and private sectors (%) Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicines in public and private sectors

113

Table 7

Health expenditure

127

Health expenditure ratios Total expenditure on health as a percentage of gross domestic product General government expenditure on health as a percentage of total expenditure on health Private expenditure on health as a percentage of total expenditure on health General government expenditure on health as a percentage of total government expenditure External resources for health as a percentage of total expenditure on health Social security expenditure on health as a percentage of general government expenditure on health Out-of-pocket expenditure as a percentage of private expenditure on health Private prepaid plans as a percentage of private expenditure on health Per capita health expenditures Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$) Per capita total expenditure on health (PPP int. $) Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$) Per capita government expenditure on health (PPP int. $)

Table 8

Health inequities

141

Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (%) Under-ﬁve mortality rate (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

Table 9

Demographic and socioeconomic statistics

155

Population – total (000s) Population – median age (years) Population – aged under 15 (%) Population – aged over 60 (%) Annual population growth rate (%) Population living in urban areas (%) Civil registration coverage (%) of births and deaths Total fertility rate (per woman) Adolescent fertility rate (per 1000 girls aged 15–19 years) Adult literacy rate (%) Net primary school enrolment rate (%) Gross national income per capita (PPP int. $) Population living on <$1 (PPP int. $) a day (%)

Footnotes

168

Abbreviations AIDS

acquired immunodeﬁciency syndrome

AFR

WHO African Region

AMR

WHO Region of the Americas

ARI

acute respiratory infection

ART

antiretroviral therapy

DHS

Demographic and Health Survey

DTP3

3 doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine

EMR

WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region

EUR

WHO European Region

GDP

gross domestic product

HALE

healthy life expectancy

HepB3

3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine

Hib3

3 doses of Haemophilus inﬂuenzae type B vaccine

HIV

human immunodeﬁciency virus

MCV

measles-containing vaccine

MDG

Millennium Development Goal

MICS

Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey

NHA

national health account

ORT

oral rehydration therapy

PMTCT

prevention of mother-to-child transmission

PPP

Purchasing Power Parity

SEAR

WHO South-East Asia Region

tuberculosis

WPR

WHO Western Paciﬁc Region

YLL

years of life lost

Introduction The World Health Statistics series is WHOâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s annual compilation of health-related data for its 193 Member States, and includes a summary of the progress made towards achieving the health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and associated targets. As with previous versions, World Health Statistics 2010 has been compiled using publications and databases produced and maintained by the technical programmes and regional offices of WHO. Indicators have been included on the basis of their relevance to global public health; the availability and quality of the data; and the reliability and comparability of the resulting estimates. Taken together, these indicators provide a comprehensive summary of the current status of national health and health systems in the following nine areas: mortality and burden of disease; cause-specific mortality and morbidity; selected infectious diseases; health service coverage; risk factors; health workforce, infrastructure and essential medicines; health expenditure; health inequities; and demographic and socioeconomic statistics. The estimates in this book are derived from multiple sources, depending on each indicator and the availability and quality of data. In many countries, statistical and health information systems are weak and the underlying empirical data may not be available or may be of limited quality. Every effort has been made to ensure the best use of country-reported data â&#x20AC;&#x201C; adjusted where necessary to deal with missing values, to correct for known biases, and to maximize the comparability of the statistics across countries and over time. In addition, statistical techniques and modelling have been used to fill data gaps. Because of the weakness of the underlying empirical data in many countries, a number of the indicators are associated with significant uncertainty. It is WHO policy on statistical transparency to make available to users the methods of estimation and the margins of uncertainty for relevant indicators. However, because of space restrictions, printed versions of the World Health Statistics series include uncertainty ranges for only a few indicators. Further information on the margins of uncertainty for additional indicators will be made available at the Global Health Observatory web site.1

The Global Health Observatory is a WHO portal that provides access to data and analyses for monitoring the global health situation and trends. www.who.int/gho

While every effort has been made to maximize the comparability of the statistics across countries and over time, users are advised that country data may differ in terms of the definitions used, data-collection methods, population coverage and estimation methods. More-detailed information on indicator metadata is available in the Indicator and Metadata Registry.2 WHO presents World Health Statistics 2010 as an integral part of its ongoing efforts to provide enhanced access to high-quality data on core measures of population health and national health systems. Unless otherwise stated, all estimates have been cleared following consultation with Member States and are published here as official WHO figures. However, these best estimates have been derived using standard categories and methods to enhance their cross-national comparability. As a result they should not be regarded as the nationally endorsed statistics of Member States which may have been derived using alternative methodologies.

www.who.int/gho/indicatorregistry

Part I Health-related Millennium Development Goals

Summary of status and trends With only five years remaining to 2015, there are signs of progress in many countries in achieving the health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In other countries, progress has been limited because of conflict, poor governance, economic or humanitarian crises, and lack of resources. The effects of the global food, energy, financial and economic crises on health are still unfolding, and action is needed to protect the health spending of governments and donors alike. Undernutrition is an underlying cause in about one third of all child deaths. Over the past year, rising food prices coupled with falling incomes have increased the risk of malnutrition, especially among children. Although the percentage of children under 5 years of age who are underweight (compared to the WHO Child Growth Standards3) declined globally from 25% in 1990 to 18% in 2005, subsequent progress has been uneven. In some countries, the prevalence of undernutrition has increased, and worldwide stunted growth still affected about 186 million children under 5 years of age in 2005. Globally, child mortality continues to fall. In 2008, the total annual number of deaths in children under 5 years old fell to 8.8 million – down by 30% from the 12.4 million estimated in 1990. Mortality in children under 5 years old in 2008 was estimated at 65 per 1000 live births, which is a 27% reduction from 90 per 1000 live births in 1990 (Figure 1). Recent encouraging trends also indicate an acceleration of the rate of decline in all regions since 2000 (Table 1).

Table 1: Average annual rate of decline (%) in mortality in children under 5 years old – 1990–1999 and 2000–2008 WHO region

1990–1999

2000–2008

African Region

0.9

1.8

Region of the Americas

4.2

4.6

South-East Asia Region

2.5

3.8

European Region

3.6

5.6

Eastern Mediterranean Region

1.5

1.7

Western Paciﬁc Region

2.5

5.7

GLOBAL

1.2

2.3

WHO Child Growth Standards. Length/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for-age: Methods and development. WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2006, page 312. www.who.int/childgrowth/publications/en/

Despite these encouraging trends, regional and national averages mask considerable inequities. The greatest reductions in child mortality have been recorded among the wealthiest households and in urban areas. Concerted efforts will be needed to achieve the MDG target of a 67% reduction from 1990 levels by the year 2015, especially in countries facing economic crises or conflicts. Low-income countries would need to increase their annual average rate of decline from 1.9% to 10.9% in order to achieve the target. Reducing child mortality increasingly depends upon tackling neonatal mortality; globally about 40% of deaths in children under 5 years old are estimated to occur in the first month of life; most in the first week.

Figure 1: Mortality rate in children under 5 years old by WHO region 200 1990

Probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births

180

2008 Global, 1990

160

Global, 2008 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 AFR

AMR

SEAR

EUR

EMR

WPR

There have been increases in the coverage of relatively new child health interventions, such as the use of insecticide-treated nets to prevent malaria; efforts to prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HIV; and vaccination against hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type B pneumonia. Gradual progress can also be recorded for several established interventions such as micronutrient supplementation, while the global coverage of measles immunization increased from 73% to 83% between 1990 and 2008 (Figure 2).

Figure 2: Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds by WHO region 100 90 80

Percentage

70 60 50

AFR AMR SEAR EUR EMR WPR GLOBAL

40 30 20

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

Despite these gains, the coverage of critical interventions such as oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea and case management with antibiotics for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) remains inadequate. As a result, diarrhoea and pneumonia still kill almost 3 million children under 5 years old each year, especially in low-income countries. According to estimates made for the year 2005,4 half a million women â&#x20AC;&#x201C; most of them in developing countries â&#x20AC;&#x201C; die each year of complications during pregnancy or childbirth. The risk of death was highest in the WHO African Region, where there were 900 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births; compared with only 27 per 100 000 in the WHO European Region. In fact, half of all maternal deaths occurred in the WHO African Region and another third in the WHO South-East Asia Region. Further analysis of the estimates indicated that between 1990 and 2005, no WHO region achieved the 5.5% annual decline in maternal mortality necessary to attain the relevant MDG target.5 The WHO South-East Asia Region, the WHO European Region and the WHO Western Pacific Region showed annual declines of only around 2.4%. There appeared to be stagnation or even a possible worsening of the situation in both the WHO African Region and the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region. Maternal mortality is the health indicator that shows the widest gaps between richer and poorer, both between and within countries.

Maternal mortality in 2005: Estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007. www.who.int/whosis/mme_2005.pdf MDG 5; Target 5.A: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio.

Interventions to reduce the levels of maternal mortality include ensuring that all pregnant women have access to family-planning services as well as skilled care during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. This includes emergency obstetric care for the management of complications. The proportion of births attended by a skilled health worker has increased globally, with particularly pronounced improvements in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (Figure 3). However, there was no improvement at all in the WHO African Region. In both the WHO African Region and the WHO South-East Asia Region, less than 50% of women received skilled care during childbirth.

Figure 3: Births attended by skilled health personnel by WHO region and country-income group 100

1990–1999 2000–2008

Global, 1990–1999 80

Global, 2000–2008

Percentage

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 AFR

AMR

SEAR

EUR

EMR

WPR

Low income

Lower middle income

Upper middle income

High income

Antenatal care offers multiple opportunities to improve the health of women. Potential improvements include the prevention and management of HIV infection and malaria, the detection and management of eclampsia, and iron and folate supplementation – the latter being particularly important in low-income and middle-income countries where micronutrient deficiencies are common. Despite this, less than half of all pregnant women in the world receive the WHO-recommended minimum of four antenatal visits. Contraceptive prevalence6 in developing countries increased from 50% in 1990 to 62% in 2005.7 Despite this, there remains a continuing unmet need for family planning. For example, data available during 2000–2008 indicates that in the WHO African Region 24% of women wanting to delay or stop childbearing were not using a family-planning method. Levels of adolescent fertility over the period of 2000–2007 were at 47 births per 1000 women aged 15–19 years globally, and were

6 7

Deﬁned here as: the proportion of women, married or in union, aged 15–49 years, using any method of contraception. The Millennium Development Goals report 2009. New York, United Nations, 2009. www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/MDG%20Report%202009%20ENG.pdf

particularly high in the WHO African Region at 118 births for every 1000 adolescent girls – about ten times the average in the WHO Western Pacific Region. Factors that contribute to continuing unmet need for family planning include a lack of decision-making power among women and a shortage of appropriate health services, especially for adolescent girls. In 2008, there were an estimated 243 million cases of malaria causing 863 000 deaths; mostly of children under 5 years old.8 Despite increases in the supply of insecticide-treated nets, their availability in that year was far below the level of need almost everywhere. The procurement of antimalarial medicines through public health services increased, but access to treatment (especially artemisininbased combination therapy) was inadequate in all countries surveyed in 2007 and 2008. There are, however, indications8 that 9 African countries and 29 countries outside Africa are on course to meet the MDG target9 for reducing the malaria burden. Latest estimates indicate that the incidence rate of tuberculosis (TB) continued to slowly decline, reaching an estimated 140 per 100 000 population in 2008. The prevalence of all TB cases is falling along with mortality rates among HIV-negative TB cases. Globally, the estimated case-detection rate10 for new smear-positive TB cases increased from 40% in 2000 to 62% in 2008. While there were some improvements in the WHO African Region, less than 50% of TB cases were reported in this region in 2008. Data on treatment-success rates for new smear-positive TB cases indicate consistent improvements with the global rate rising from 69% in 2000 to 86% in 2007 (Figure 4). In the WHO South-East Asia Region, the rate increased from 50% in 2000 to 88% in 2007. In the WHO European Region, while case-detection rate for new smear-positive cases increased, treatment success remains low at 67% in 2007, partly attributable to a high burden of multidrug-resistant TB. Multidrug-resistant TB and HIV-associated TB pose considerable challenges. Globally, there were an estimated 0.5 million new cases of multidrug-resistant TB in 2007, with 27 countries accounting for 85% of the total.11 New HIV infections have been reduced by 16% globally between 2000 and 2008, due, at least in part, to successful HIV-prevention efforts. In 2008, it was estimated that 2.7 million people were newly infected with HIV (Figure 5) and there were 2 million HIV/AIDS-related deaths.12 The availability and coverage of priority health-sector interventions for HIV prevention, treatment and care have continued to expand. In 2008, of the 1.4 million HIV-positive pregnant women, more than 628 000 received antiretroviral therapy (ART) to prevent the transmission of HIV to their children. This represents a coverage of 45% – an increase of 10% compared with 2007.13 There are, however, striking regional variations. In the WHO African Region (where HIV prevalence among adults was the highest) only 45% of pregnant women in need in low-income and middle-income countries received treatment, while in the WHO European Region (where HIV prevalence among adults was much lower) 94% of pregnant women in need in low-income and middle-income countries had access to treatment.

8 9 10

11 12

World malaria report 2009. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009. www.who.int/malaria/world_malaria_report_2009/en/index.html MDG 6; Target 6.C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases. No distinction is made between DOTS and non-DOTS programmes because by 2007 more than 99% of notiﬁed cases were reported to WHO as treated in a DOTS programme. Global tuberculosis control: a short update to the 2009 report. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009. www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report Global tuberculosis control: a short update to the 2009 report. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009. AIDS epidemic update: December 2009. Geneva, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and World Health Organization (WHO), 2009. www.unaids.org/en/KnowledgeCentre/HIVData/EpiUpdate/EpiUpdArchive/2009/default.asp Towards universal access. Scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector: Progress report 2009. Geneva, WHO, UNAIDS, UNICEF, 2009. www.who.int/hiv/pub/2009progressreport/en/

Figure 4: Treatment-success rate among new smear-positive tuberculosis cases by WHO region 100

Global, 2000

2000

Global, 2007

2007

90 80

Percentage

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 AFR

AMR

SEAR

EUR

EMR

Figure 5: Adults and children newly infected with HIV in 2008 by WHO region

WHO regional boundaries International boundaries Estimated new HIV infection (all ages) by WHO region (000s) EMR (61) WPR (130) EUR (140) SEAR (200) AMR (240) AFR (1900) Data not available

WPR

It is estimated that by the end of 2008, more than 4 million people in low-income and middleincome countries were receiving ART – an increase of more than 1 million compared with the end of 2007. This represents a 10-fold expansion in five years, with the greatest growth occurring in subSaharan Africa. Nonetheless, more than 5 million of the estimated 9.5 million people in low-income and middle-income countries needing ART were still without access to treatment.13 Coverage was lowest in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (where only one in every 10 people needing ART received it) and highest in the WHO Region of the Americas (where one out of two who needed therapy received it). More than 1000 million people are affected by neglected tropical diseases. In 2008, 496 million people were treated for lymphatic filariasis out of the 695 million targeted. In 2008, only 4619 cases of dracunculiasis were reported – in the mid-1980s the estimated number of cases was 3.5 million. As many as 190 130 cases of cholera were reported in 2008 – up from 177 963 in 2007. At the beginning of 2009, there were a reported 213 036 cases of leprosy – down from 5.2 million in 1985. The percentage of the world’s population using “improved” drinking-water sources14 increased from 77% to 87% between 1990 and 2008 (Figure 6). This rate of improvement is sufficient to achieve the relevant MDG target15 globally. In the WHO African Region, however, while the percentage increased from 50% in 1990 to 61% in 2008, it remained well short of the 68% needed in that year to remain on course for achieving the MDG target. The situation in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region appears to have stalled, and an annual rate of increase of 1.6% is needed to

Figure 6: Population using improved drinking-water sources by WHO region and country-income group 100

Global, 1990

1990

Global, 2008

2008

90 80

Percentage

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 AFR

14 15

AMR

SEAR

EUR

EMR

WPR

Low income

Lower middle income

Upper middle income

See Part II, Table 5. Risk factors, footnotes 20 and 22 for a full explanation of this term. MDG 7; Target 7.C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking-water and basic sanitation.

High income

achieve the MDG target by 2015. In 2008, the coverage was 90% in the WHO Western Pacific Region, and well in excess of this figure in the WHO Region of the Americas and the WHO European Region. In low-income countries, the annual rate of increase needs to double in order to reach the target, and concerted efforts are also needed to narrow the gap in coverage between urban and rural areas. In 2008, 2600 million people were not using “improved” sanitation facilities,16 and of these 1100 million were defecating in the open, resulting in high levels of environmental contamination and exposure to the risks of worm infestations (such as schistosomiasis) and microbial infections (such as trachoma, hepatitis and cholera). The situation was most severe in the WHO African Region, where the percentage of the population using improved sanitation facilities increased very slowly: from 30% in 1990 to 34% in 2008. In the WHO South-East Asia Region, the coverage increased from 26% to 40% – still short of the MDG target. In the WHO European Region, 6% of the population were not using improved sanitation facilities in 2008 (Figure 7).

Figure 7: Population using improved sanitation facilities by WHO region and country-income group 100 1990 90

2008 Global, 1990

Global, 2008

Percentage

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 AFR

AMR

SEAR

EUR

EMR

WPR

Low income

Lower middle income

Upper middle income

High income

Although nearly all countries publish an essential medicines list, the availability of medicines at public-health facilities is often poor. Surveys conducted in approximately 30 low-income countries indicate that the availability of selected generic medicines at health facilities was only 44% in the public sector and 66% in the private sector. Lack of medicines in the public sector forces patients to purchase medicines privately. In the private sector, generic medicines cost on average 630% more

See Part II, Table 5. Risk factors, footnotes 21 and 22 for a full explanation of this term.

than their international reference price, while originator brands are generally even more expensive. Common treatment regimens can cost a low-paid government worker in the developing world several daysâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; wages. Noncommunicable diseases and injuries caused an estimated 33 million deaths in developing countries in 200417 and will account for a growing proportion of total deaths in the future. The health of individuals will also be undermined in the longer term by chronic conditions, sensory and mental disorders and violence. Tackling risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity and the harmful use of alcohol (while also dealing with the socioeconomic impact of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes) will depend not only upon effective healthcare services but also upon actions taken in a variety of policy domains. Countries need to increase prevention efforts and improve access to services such as early detection and trauma care. Putting in place and sufficiently resourcing stronger health surveillance systems will be critical. Efforts are now under way to strengthen surveillance systems for noncommunicable diseases, including through the identification of core indicators and the use of standardized methods of data collection on risk factors and determinants, disease incidence, mortality by cause, health-system indicators and coverage of key interventions. Stronger health systems will be central to continued progress towards the achievement of the MDGs. Continuing political momentum and sustained and predictable funding will be needed to strengthen human resources for health; improve service availability and quality; provide access to diagnosis through national laboratory networks; ensure better infection control in clinical settings; and promote the rational use of medicines. In addition, the financial and economic crisis has highlighted the urgent need to increase the coverage of social health protection. People in need cannot access the required services or continue treatment if financial barriers remain high. Better information and intelligence will also be essential in monitoring progress towards the MDGs and related goals and targets, particularly with regard to differentials between and within countries. WHO will continue to report on the most-recent estimates of health-related statistics. However, the quality of such reporting depends critically upon the quality of country health information and statistical systems â&#x20AC;&#x201C; which in many settings are weak. There is therefore a need for international commitment to support country efforts to enhance the availability and quality of data on the MDGs and other indicators.

The global burden of disease: 2004 update. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008. www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/2004_report_update/en/index.html

The following charts provide country-by-country and regional summaries of progress for key MDG indicators for which data are available for most countries. For each indicator, countries are sorted within the relevant WHO region by the level of the indicator at the latest available year. Countries with no data, or for which a particular indicator is not relevant, are included at the end of each regional list. Depending on the availability of data for each indicator, there are three types of chart:

Chart type I For three indicators – under-five mortality rate; population using improved drinking-water sources; and population using improved sanitation – the charts show data for the latest available year; trends since 1990 (or since the first year for which data are available); and the overall trend required for the country to achieve the relevant MDG by 2015.

Chart type II For five indicators – children aged <5 years underweight; measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds; births attended by skilled health personnel; prevalence of HIV among adults aged 15– 49 years; and tuberculosis mortality rate among HIV-negative people – the charts show data for the latest available year, and country trends since the year for which data were first available. For most countries, data have been available since the baseline year of 1990.

Chart type III For eleven indicators – maternal mortality ratio; contraceptive prevalence; adolescent fertility rate; antenatal care coverage; unmet need for family planning; males aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS; females aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS; antiretroviral therapy coverage among people with advanced HIV infection; malaria mortality rate; children aged <5 years sleeping under insecticide-treated nets; and children aged <5 years with fever who received treatment with any antimalarial – the charts show only data for the latest available year. Further details can be found in the country tables as indicated in each chart.

1. Children aged <5 years underweight (%)

Algeria

3.7

Chile

0.5

Germany

1.1

Tunisia

3.3

Swaziland

6.1

United States of America

1.3

Belarus

1.3

Jordan

3.6

Gabon

8.8

Brazil

2.2

Bosnia and Herzegovina

1.6

Lebanon

4.2

Equatorial Guinea

10.6

Jamaica

2.2

Bulgaria

1.6

Saudi Arabia

5.3

Botswana

10.7

Argentina

2.3

Serbia

1.8

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

5.6

Congo

11.8

Dominican Republic

3.4

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

1.8

Egypt

6.8

Sao Tome and Principe

13.1

Mexico

3.4

Czech Republic

2.1

Iraq

7.1

Zimbabwe

14.0

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

3.7

Montenegro

2.2

Morocco

9.9

Ghana

14.3

Cuba

3.9

Georgia

2.3

Syrian Arab Republic

10.0

Senegal

14.5

Panama

3.9

Kyrgyzstan

2.7

Djibouti

29.6

Zambia

14.9

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

4.3

Republic of Moldova

3.2

Pakistan

31.3

Malawi

15.5

Nicaragua

4.3

Romania

3.5

Sudan

31.7

Gambia

15.8

Trinidad and Tobago

4.4

Turkey

3.5

Somalia

32.8

Uganda

16.4

Belize

4.9

Ukraine

4.1

Afghanistan

32.9

Kenya

16.5

Colombia

5.1

Armenia

4.2

Yemen

43.1 …

Cameroon

16.6

Peru

5.4

Uzbekistan

4.4

Bahrain

Lesotho

16.6

Uruguay

6.0

Kazakhstan

4.9

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

…

Côte d'Ivoire

16.7

El Salvador

6.1

Albania

6.6

Kuwait

…

Mauritania

16.7

Ecuador

6.2

Azerbaijan

8.4

Oman

…

United Republic of Tanzania

16.7

Honduras

8.6

Tajikistan

14.9

Qatar

…

Guinea-Bissau

17.2

Guyana

10.8

Andorra

…

United Arab Emirates

…

Namibia

17.5

Guatemala

17.7

Austria

…

Rwanda

18.0

Haiti

18.9

Belgium

…

Benin

20.2

Antigua and Barbuda

…

Croatia

…

Liberia

20.4

Bahamas

…

Cyprus

…

Togo

20.5

Barbados

…

Denmark

…

Tuvalu

1.6

Guinea

20.8

Canada

…

Estonia

…

Singapore

3.3

Mozambique

21.2

Costa Rica

…

Finland

…

Mongolia

5.3

Sierra Leone

21.3

Dominica

…

France

…

China

6.8

Central African Republic

21.8

Grenada

…

Greece

…

Solomon Islands

11.5

Comoros

25.0

Paraguay

…

Hungary

…

Papua New Guinea

18.1

Nigeria

26.7

Saint Kitts and Nevis

…

Iceland

…

Viet Nam

20.2

Angola

27.5

Saint Lucia

…

Ireland

…

Philippines

20.7

Mali

27.9

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Israel

…

Cambodia

28.8

Democratic Republic of the Congo

28.2

Suriname

…

Italy

…

Lao People's Democratic Republic

31.6 …

Chad

33.9

Latvia

…

Australia

Eritrea

34.5

Lithuania

…

Brunei Darussalam

…

Ethiopia

34.6

Luxembourg

…

Cook Islands

…

Madagascar

36.8

Malta

…

Fiji

…

Burkina Faso

37.4

Thailand

7.0

Monaco

…

Japan

…

Burundi

38.9

Bhutan

12.0

Netherlands

…

Kiribati

…

Niger

39.9

Indonesia

19.6

Norway

…

Malaysia

…

Cape Verde

…

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

20.6

Poland

…

Mauritius

…

Sri Lanka

21.1

Portugal

…

Seychelles

…

Maldives

25.7

South Africa

…

Myanmar Nepal

1990

… … …

Russian Federation

…

San Marino

…

Nauru

29.6

Slovakia

…

New Zealand

…

38.8

Slovenia

…

Niue

…

Timor-Leste

40.6

Spain

…

Palau

…

Bangladesh

41.3

Sweden

…

Republic of Korea

…

India

43.5

Key Country trend

Marshall Islands Micronesia (Federated States of)

Switzerland

…

Turkmenistan

…

United Kingdom

…

Latest available

This chart shows the percentage of children under 5 years old who are underweight in each country. Within each WHO region, countries are sorted by the latest available data since 2000. Regional averages are not available at this time. Further details can be found in Part II, Table 5.

Samoa

…

Tonga

…

Vanuatu

…

2. Under-ﬁve mortality rate (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

Seychelles

Canada

San Marino

Qatar

Mauritius

Cuba

Finland

United Arab Emirates

8 8

Cape Verde

United States of America

Greece

Kuwait

Botswana

Chile

Iceland

Bahrain

Algeria

Dominica

Luxembourg

Oman

Namibia

Barbados

Norway

Lebanon

Eritrea

Costa Rica

Slovenia

Syrian Arab Republic

South Africa

Antigua and Barbuda

Sweden

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

Ghana

Bahamas

Andorra

Jordan

Gabon

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Austria

Saudi Arabia

Lesotho

Argentina

Cyprus

Tunisia

21 23

Swaziland

Grenada

Czech Republic

Egypt

Zimbabwe

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Denmark

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

Sao Tome and Principe

Saint Lucia

France

Morocco

Togo

Uruguay

Germany

Iraq

Malawi

100

Mexico

Italy

Yemen

United Republic of Tanzania

103

El Salvador

Monaco

Pakistan

Comoros

105

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Portugal

Djibouti

Gambia

106

Sudan

109

Madagascar Senegal Ethiopia

Regional average

Belize

Spain

106

Colombia

Belgium

Somalia

200

108

Brazil

Croatia

Afghanistan

257

109

Panama

Ireland

Peru

Israel

Netherlands

Switzerland

Regional average

Rwanda

112

Côte d'Ivoire

114

Mauritania

118

Nicaragua

Benin

121

Suriname

Estonia

Japan

Congo

127

Paraguay

United Kingdom

Singapore

Kenya

128

Honduras

Hungary

Australia

Mozambique

130

Jamaica

Lithuania

Republic of Korea

Cameroon

131

Dominican Republic

Malta

Malaysia

Uganda

135

Poland

New Zealand

Liberia

144

Trinidad and Tobago

Slovakia

Brunei Darussalam

Guinea

146

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

Serbia

Viet Nam

Equatorial Guinea

147

Guyana

Latvia

Cook Islands

Montenegro

Palau

Bulgaria

Fiji

Regional average

Zambia

Ecuador

Guatemala

142

148

Niger

167

Burundi

168

Haiti

Russian Federation

Tonga

China

Samoa

Niue

Philippines

Burkina Faso

169

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Central African Republic

173

Belarus

Nigeria

186

Thailand

Romania

Mali

194

Sri Lanka

Albania

Sierra Leone

194

Maldives

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Vanuatu

Guinea-Bissau

195

Indonesia

Ukraine

Marshall Islands

Democratic Republic of the Congo

199

Republic of Moldova

Solomon Islands

Turkey

Tuvalu

Armenia

Micronesia (Federated States of)

Chad

209

Angola

220

Nepal

Bangladesh

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Regional average

India

Georgia

Mongolia

Kazakhstan

Nauru

Timor-Leste

Azerbaijan

Kiribati

Myanmar

122

Kyrgyzstan

Lao People's Democratic Republic

Country trend Latest available MDG target

Bhutan

Key 1990

Regional average

2015

Uzbekistan

Papua New Guinea

Turkmenistan

Cambodia

Tajikistan

This chart shows estimated under-five mortality for 2008, with countries within each WHO region sorted by level. The bold lines indicate trends since 1990 or since the first year for which data are available. The thin lines indicate the projected trend needed to reduce by two thirds the under-five mortality rate by 2015. Further details can be found in Part II, Table 1.

3. Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds (%)

Seychelles

Antigua and Barbuda

Belarus

Bahrain

Mauritius

Argentina

Greece

Kuwait

Cape Verde

Brazil

Hungary

Oman

Eritrea

Cuba

Kazakhstan

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

Swaziland

Dominica

Kyrgyzstan

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

Botswana

Grenada

Monaco

Tunisia

Sao Tome and Principe

Nicaragua

Russian Federation

Saudi Arabia

Rwanda

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Slovakia

Morocco

Gambia

Saint Lucia

Turkmenistan

Jordan

Kenya

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Albania

Egypt

Algeria

Belize

Andorra

Qatar

Malawi

Guatemala

Poland

United Arab Emirates

United Republic of Tanzania

Mexico

Spain

Pakistan

Ghana

El Salvador

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Syrian Arab Republic

Lesotho

Guyana

Uzbekistan

Sudan

Zambia

Honduras

Czech Republic

Afghanistan

Burundi

Uruguay

Finland

Djibouti

Madagascar

Canada

Cameroon

Barbados

Niger

Angola

Latvia

Iraq

Lithuania

Yemen

Chile

Portugal

Lebanon

Colombia

Romania

Somalia

Regional average

Congo

United States of America

Turkey

Mozambique

Costa Rica

Bulgaria

Senegal

Trinidad and Tobago

Croatia

Bahamas

Georgia

Iceland

Nauru

Niue

Togo

Comoros

Guinea-Bissau

Jamaica

Luxembourg

Burkina Faso

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

Netherlands

Tonga

Ethiopia

Suriname

Slovenia

Brunei Darussalam

Namibia

Sweden

Japan

Mongolia

Regional average

Peru

Panama

Mali

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Estonia

Uganda

Dominican Republic

Germany

Palau

Armenia

Cook Islands

Malaysia

Singapore

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Paraguay

Zimbabwe

Ecuador

Mauritania

Haiti

Guinea

Republic of Moldova Regional average

Ukraine Belgium

94 94 94 93

Liberia

Norway

C么te d'Ivoire

Serbia

Central African Republic

Nigeria

South Africa

Benin

Sierra Leone

Gabon

Equatorial Guinea

Chad

Italy Bhutan

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Sri Lanka

Thailand

Maldives

Bangladesh

Indonesia

Myanmar

Nepal

Timor-Leste India

Regional average

Country trend

Denmark

Ireland

Australia

China

Fiji

Marshall Islands

Tuvalu

Regional average Micronesia (Federated States of)

Montenegro

Philippines

Cyprus

Republic of Korea

92 92

France

Viet Nam

Switzerland

Cambodia

New Zealand

Tajikistan

United Kingdom

Kiribati

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Vanuatu

Israel

Solomon Islands

Austria

Papua New Guinea

Malta

Lao People's Democratic Republic

San Marino

Samoa

Azerbaijan

Key

1990

Regional average

Latest available

This chart shows the percentage of 1-year-olds fully immunized against measles, with countries within each WHO region sorted by 2008 level. Further details can be found in Part II, Table 4.

4. Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births)

Mauritius

Canada

Ireland

Kuwait

Algeria

180

United States of America

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Qatar

Cape Verde

210

Bahamas

Denmark

Saudi Arabia

Namibia

210

Barbados

Greece

Bahrain

Botswana

380

Chile

Italy

United Arab Emirates

Swaziland

390

Uruguay

Sweden

Jordan

Comoros

400

Costa Rica

Austria

Oman

South Africa

400

Cuba

Czech Republic

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

Eritrea

450

Trinidad and Tobago

Germany

Tunisia

100

Madagascar

510

Belize

Iceland

Egypt

130 130

Togo

510

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Israel

Syrian Arab Republic

Gabon

520

Mexico

Spain

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

140

Mozambique

520

Suriname

Switzerland

Lebanon

150

Uganda

550

Argentina

Ghana

560

Kenya

560

Equatorial Guinea

Hungary

Morocco

240

Brazil 110

Netherlands

Iraq

300

Colombia 130

Slovakia

Pakistan

320

680

Panama 130

Slovenia

Yemen

430

Gambia

690

Dominican Republic 150

Croatia

Sudan

450

Burkina Faso

700

Paraguay 150

Finland

Djibouti

650

Ethiopia

720

El Salvador 170

Norway

Somalia 1 400

Congo

740

Jamaica 170

Belgium

Afghanistan 1 800

Côte d'Ivoire

810

Nicaragua 170

France

Mauritania

820

Ecuador 210

Malta

Zambia

830

Peru 240

Poland

Benin

840

Honduras 280

United Kingdom

Zimbabwe

880

Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 290

Cyprus 10

Australia

Guinea

910

Guatemala 290

Latvia 10

Japan

United Republic of Tanzania

950

Guyana 470

Regional average

Lesotho

960

Mali

970

Regional average

900

New Zealand

Bulgaria 11

Brunei Darussalam

…

Lithuania 11

Republic of Korea

Singapore

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Haiti 670 Antigua and Barbuda

Regional average

Central African Republic

980

Dominica

…

Portugal 11

Senegal

980

Grenada

…

Luxembourg 12

China

Cameroon 1 000

Saint Kitts and Nevis

…

Belarus 18

Mongolia

Burundi 1 100

Saint Lucia

…

Ukraine 18

Malaysia

Democratic Republic of the Congo 1 100

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Republic of Moldova 22

Guinea-Bissau 1 100

Romania 24

Malawi 1 100

Uzbekistan 24

Nigeria 1 100

Estonia 25 Regional average Russian Federation 28

Liberia 1 200 Sri Lanka

Rwanda 1 300 Angola 1 400

Niger 1 800

Sao Tome and Principe

…

Seychelles

…

Fiji 210 Solomon Islands 220 27

Philippines 230 Papua New Guinea 470

Turkey 44

Cambodia 540

Georgia 66

Lao People's Democratic Republic 660

Armenia 76

Cook Islands …

Democratic People's Republic of Korea 370 Myanmar 380

Sierra Leone 2 100

Viet Nam 150

Thailand 110 Maldives 120

Chad 1 500

Regional average

Timor-Leste 380 Indonesia 420 Bhutan 440

Azerbaijan 82

Kiribati …

Albania 92

Marshall Islands …

Turkmenistan 130

Micronesia (Federated States of) …

Kazakhstan 140

Nauru …

Kyrgyzstan 150

Niue …

Tajikistan 170

Palau …

Bangladesh 570

Andorra …

Samoa …

Nepal 830

Monaco …

Tonga …

Montenegro …

Tuvalu …

San Marino …

Vanuatu …

Regional average

India 450

450

Serbia …

This chart shows the interagency estimated maternal mortality ratio for each country for 2005, with countries within each WHO region sorted by level. Further details can be found in Part II, Table 2.

420

5. Births attended by skilled health personnel (%)

Mauritius

≥99

Antigua and Barbuda

≥99

Albania

≥99

Bahrain

≥99

Algeria

Argentina

≥99

Belarus

≥99

Jordan

≥99

Botswana

Bahamas

≥99

Bosnia and Herzegovina

≥99

Kuwait

≥99

South Africa

Barbados

≥99

Bulgaria

≥99

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

≥99

Congo

Canada

≥99

Croatia

≥99

Qatar

≥99

Gabon

Chile

≥99

Cyprus

≥99

United Arab Emirates

≥99

Namibia

Cuba

≥99

Czech Republic

≥99

Lebanon

Sao Tome and Principe

Ecuador

≥99

Estonia

≥99

Oman

Benin

Grenada

≥99

Finland

≥99

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

Cape Verde

Saint Kitts and Nevis

≥99

Germany

≥99

Saudi Arabia

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

≥99

Hungary

≥99

Djibouti

Swaziland

United States of America

≥99

Ireland

≥99

Syrian Arab Republic

Zimbabwe

Uruguay

≥99

Italy

≥99

Tunisia

Cameroon

Dominican Republic

Kazakhstan

≥99

Iraq

Equatorial Guinea

Saint Lucia

Latvia

≥99

Egypt

Comoros

Trinidad and Tobago

Lithuania

≥99

Togo

Brazil

Luxembourg

≥99

Sudan

Mauritania

Jamaica

Malta

≥99

Pakistan

Côte d'Ivoire

Belize

Montenegro

≥99

Yemen

Gambia

Colombia

Netherlands

≥99

Somalia

Ghana

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Poland

≥99

Afghanistan

Lesotho

Costa Rica

Portugal

≥99

Republic of Moldova

≥99

Romania

≥99 ≥99

Burkina Faso

Dominica

Central African Republic

Mexico

Malawi

Rwanda

Senegal

Madagascar

Regional average

Mali

Mozambique

Angola

Zambia

Regional average

Morocco

63 59 49

Russian Federation

≥99

Serbia

≥99

Australia

El Salvador

Slovakia

≥99

Brunei Darussalam

≥99

Guyana

Slovenia

≥99

Cook Islands

≥99

Paraguay

Switzerland

≥99

Fiji

≥99

Turkmenistan

≥99

Japan

≥99

Peru

Ukraine

≥99

Malaysia

≥99

Honduras

Uzbekistan

≥99

Mongolia

≥99

Armenia

Niue

≥99

Panama Suriname

Nicaragua

Regional average

Liberia

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

United Republic of Tanzania

Guatemala

Georgia

Palau

≥99

Kenya

Haiti

Kyrgyzstan

Republic of Korea

≥99

Sierra Leone

Samoa

≥99

Uganda

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Regional average

Singapore

≥99

Tonga

≥99

Guinea-Bissau

Tajikistan

Nigeria

Turkey

Tuvalu

≥99

Guinea

Andorra

…

China

Burundi

Eritrea Niger Chad

≥99

Thailand

≥99

Austria

…

Nauru

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

Belgium

…

Marshall Islands

Maldives

Denmark

…

New Zealand

Indonesia

France

…

Vanuatu

Myanmar

Greece

…

Bhutan

Iceland

…

Kiribati

Israel

…

Micronesia (Federated States of)

18 14

Ethiopia

Seychelles

…

Country trend

Sri Lanka

Regional average

93 92

India

Monaco

…

Viet Nam

Nepal

Norway

…

Philippines

Timor-Leste

San Marino

…

Cambodia

Bangladesh

Spain

…

Sweden

…

Solomon Islands

United Kingdom

…

Key

1990

Azerbaijan

98 96

Latest available

This chart shows the percentage of births attended by skilled health personnel. Within each WHO region, countries are sorted by the latest available data since 2000. Further details can be found in Part II, Table 4.

Papua New Guinea

Lao People's Democratic Republic

6. Contraceptive prevalence (%)

Mauritius 75.8

Paraguay 79.4

Norway 88.4

Iran (Islamic Republic of) 73.3

Algeria 61.4

Colombia 78.2

United Kingdom 82.0

Morocco 63.0

Cape Verde 61.3

Uruguay 77.0

France 81.8

Egypt 60.3

South Africa 60.3

Canada 74.0

Greece 76.2

Tunisia 60.2

Zimbabwe 60.2

Dominican Republic 72.9

Ireland 75.0

Syrian Arab Republic 58.3

Namibia 55.1

United States of America 72.8

Belgium 74.6

Lebanon 58.0

Swaziland 50.6

Ecuador 72.7

Belarus 72.6

Jordan 57.1

Botswana 44.4

Cuba 72.6

Turkey 71.0

Congo 44.3

El Salvador 72.5

Romania 70.3

Malawi 41.0

Nicaragua 72.4

Republic of Moldova 67.8

Yemen 27.7

Zambia 40.8

Peru 71.3

Portugal 67.1

Saudi Arabia 23.8

Netherlands 67.0

Afghanistan 18.6

Kenya 39.3

Regional average

Mexico 70.9

Regional average

70.6

Regional average 68.4

Iraq 49.8

Lesotho 37.3

Jamaica 69.0

Ukraine 66.7

Djibouti 17.8

Rwanda 36.4

Argentina 65.3

Spain 65.7

Somalia 14.6

Gabon 32.7

Honduras 65.2

Uzbekistan 64.9

Sudan

7.6

Sao Tome and Principe 29.3

Chile 64.2

Turkmenistan 61.8

Bahrain

…

Cameroon 29.2

Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 60.6

Albania 60.1

Kuwait

…

Madagascar 27.1

Guatemala 43.3

Armenia 53.1

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

…

United Republic of Tanzania 26.4

Trinidad and Tobago 42.5

Azerbaijan 51.1

Oman

…

Comoros 25.7

Suriname 42.1

Kazakhstan 50.7

Qatar

…

Belize 34.3

Kyrgyzstan 47.8

United Arab Emirates

…

Guyana 34.2

Georgia 47.3

Regional average

Uganda 23.7

23.7

Ghana 23.5

Haiti 32.0

Democratic Republic of the Congo 20.6

Serbia 41.2

Burundi 19.7

Antigua and Barbuda

…

Central African Republic 19.0

Bahamas

…

Tajikistan 37.9

Gambia 17.5

Barbados

…

Bosnia and Herzegovina 35.7

Burkina Faso 17.4

Brazil

…

Benin 17.0

Costa Rica

…

Montenegro 39.4 China 86.9

Andorra …

Republic of Korea 84.5 Regional average Viet Nam 79.0

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

13.5

Togo 16.8

Dominica

…

Austria …

Australia 70.8

Mozambique 16.5

Grenada

…

Bulgaria …

Mongolia 66.0

Ethiopia 14.7

Panama

…

Croatia …

Japan 54.3

Nigeria 14.7

Saint Kitts and Nevis

…

Cyprus …

Philippines 50.6

Côte d'Ivoire 12.9

Saint Lucia

…

Czech Republic …

Cambodia 40.0

Senegal 11.8

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Denmark …

Kiribati 36.1

Liberia 11.4

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

…

Estonia …

Nauru 35.6

Niger 11.2

Finland …

Palau 32.8

Guinea-Bissau 10.3

Germany …

Lao People's Democratic Republic 32.2

Equatorial Guinea 10.1

Hungary …

Brunei Darussalam …

Mauritania

9.3

Iceland …

Cook Islands …

Guinea

9.1

Mali

8.2

Sierra Leone

8.2

Thailand 81.1 Democratic People's Republic of Korea 68.6 Sri Lanka 68.0

Fiji …

Italy …

Malaysia …

Latvia …

Marshall Islands … Micronesia (Federated States of) …

India 56.3

Luxembourg …

New Zealand …

Bangladesh 55.8

Malta …

Niue …

Monaco …

Papua New Guinea …

Eritrea

8.0

Angola

6.2

Chad

2.8

Seychelles

…

Nepal 48.0

Regional average

Israel …

Lithuania …

Indonesia 61.4

42.8

Pakistan 29.6

57.5

Maldives 39.0

Poland …

Samoa …

Myanmar 37.0

Russian Federation …

Singapore …

Bhutan 30.7

San Marino …

Solomon Islands …

Timor-Leste 10.0

Slovakia …

Tonga …

Slovenia …

Tuvalu …

Sweden …

Vanuatu …

Switzerland …

This chart shows the percentage of women married or cohabiting who report current use of at least one method of contraception. Within each WHO region, countries are sorted by the latest available data since 2000. Further details can be found in Part II, Table 4.

82.7

7. Adolescent fertility rate (per 1000 girls aged 15–19 years)

Algeria

Canada

San Marino

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

Burundi

Trinidad and Tobago

Netherlands

Tunisia

Mauritius

United States of America

Switzerland

Saudi Arabia

Rwanda

Cuba

Slovenia

Oman

11 14

Botswana

Bahamas

Cyprus

Kuwait

Seychelles

Dominica

Denmark

Bahrain

South Africa

Chile

Sweden

Qatar

Ghana

Saint Lucia

Italy

Lebanon

Namibia

Barbados

France

Morocco

Eritrea

Grenada

Finland

Pakistan

Mauritania

Brazil

Norway

United Arab Emirates

Sao Tome and Principe

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Belgium 10

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

Cape Verde

Jamaica

Germany 10

Djibouti

Comoros

Peru

Luxembourg 10

Egypt

Lesotho

Argentina

Andorra 11

Jordan

Senegal

100

Costa Rica

Czech Republic 11

Iraq

Zimbabwe

101

Suriname

Greece 11

Syrian Arab Republic

Gambia

104

Uruguay

Austria 12

Yemen

Paraguay

Spain 12

Somalia

123

Afghanistan

151

Sudan

…

Regional average

Ethiopia

109

Côte d'Ivoire

111

Antigua and Barbuda

Albania 13

Swaziland

111

El Salvador

Croatia 13

Benin

114

Haiti

Poland 13

Kenya Regional average Democratic Republic of the Congo

116

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Iceland 14

Mexico

Israel 15

118

124

Regional average

Nigeria

126

Panama

Bosnia and Herzegovina 16

Equatorial Guinea

128

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

Montenegro 16

Republic of Korea

Burkina Faso

131

Belize

Ireland 17

China

Congo

132

Guyana

Latvia 17

Japan

Central African Republic

133

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Malta 17

Singapore

Portugal 17

Malaysia

Lithuania 19

Australia

Tonga

Belarus 20

Mongolia

Liberia

137

Guatemala

United Republic of Tanzania

139

Colombia

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Regional average

Cameroon

141

Sierra Leone

146

Zambia

146

Honduras 108

Estonia 20

Tuvalu

Guinea

153

Nicaragua 109

Hungary 20

Brunei Darussalam

Madagascar

154

Uganda

159

Dominican Republic

Ecuador 100

Turkmenistan 20 Regional average

Slovakia 21

Niue

New Zealand

29 29

Angola

165

Serbia 24

Samoa

Guinea-Bissau

170

Armenia 25

Fiji

Malawi

178

Republic of Moldova 25

Palau

Mozambique

185

United Kingdom 26

Viet Nam

Uzbekistan 26

Kiribati

Kazakhstan 27

Cook Islands

Tajikistan 27

Micronesia (Federated States of)

Mali

190

Chad

193

Niger

199

Gabon

…

Togo

…

Maldives

Sri Lanka

India

Bhutan

Thailand

Indonesia

Kyrgyzstan 28

Cambodia

Timor-Leste

Russian Federation 28

Philippines

Nepal 106

Ukraine 30

Nauru

Bangladesh 127

Romania 35

Papua New Guinea

Democratic People's Republic of Korea …

Georgia 37

Marshall Islands

Myanmar …

Bulgaria 38

Lao People's Democratic Republic 110

Azerbaijan 44

Solomon Islands …

Turkey 51

Vanuatu …

Regional average

Monaco …

This chart shows estimated adolescent fertility expressed as the number of births among girls aged 15–19 years per 1000 girls in this age group per year. Within each WHO region, countries are sorted by the latest available data since 2000. Further details can be found in Part II, Table 9.

8. Antenatal care coverage (%): at least 1 visit and at least 4 visits

Cape Verde

Antigua and Barbuda 100

Kazakhstan 100

Oman

Gambia

Barbados 100

Belarus 99

Jordan

Sao Tome and Principe

Cuba 100

Bosnia and Herzegovina 99

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

Botswana

Dominica 100

Turkmenistan 99

Lebanon

Rwanda

Grenada 100

Ukraine 99

Tunisia

Namibia

Saint Kitts and Nevis 100

Uzbekistan 99

Djibouti

100

Gabon

Argentina

Republic of Moldova 98

Iraq

Uganda

Dominican Republic

Serbia 98

Syrian Arab Republic

Zambia

Saint Lucia

Albania 97

Egypt

Zimbabwe

Bahamas

Kyrgyzstan 97

Morocco

Burundi

Brazil

Montenegro 97

Sudan

64 61

Regional average

Kenya

Uruguay

Georgia 94

Pakistan

Malawi

Paraguay

Romania 94

Yemen

South Africa

Trinidad and Tobago

Somalia

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Ghana

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Armenia 93

Afghanistan

Lesotho

Belize

Turkey 92

Bahrain

… …

Algeria

Colombia

Tajikistan 89

Kuwait

Mozambique

El Salvador

Azerbaijan 77

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

…

Guinea

Mexico

Andorra …

Qatar

…

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Senegal

Sierra Leone

Congo

Austria …

Saudi Arabia

…

Honduras

Belgium …

United Arab Emirates

…

Jamaica

Bulgaria …

Equatorial Guinea

Peru

Croatia …

Burkina Faso

Costa Rica

Cyprus …

Côte d'Ivoire

Nicaragua

Czech Republic …

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Suriname

Denmark …

Mongolia

Swaziland

Haiti

Estonia …

Tuvalu

Benin

Ecuador

Finland …

Nauru

Guatemala

France …

China

Germany …

Philippines

Greece …

Viet Nam

…

Hungary …

Vanuatu

84 81

Togo

Cameroon

Angola

Madagascar

Regional average

Guyana Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Canada

Regional average

Liberia

Chile

…

Iceland …

Marshall Islands

Guinea-Bissau

Panama

…

Ireland …

Malaysia

United Republic of Tanzania

United States of America

…

Israel …

Papua New Guinea

Comoros

Italy …

Solomon Islands

Mauritania

Latvia …

Cambodia

Eritrea

Lithuania …

Lao People's Democratic Republic

Mali

Luxembourg …

Australia …

Central African Republic

Regional average

Nigeria

Niger

Chad

Ethiopia

Mauritius

…

Seychelles

…

Regional average

Sri Lanka

Malta …

Brunei Darussalam …

Thailand

Monaco …

Cook Islands …

Indonesia

Netherlands …

Fiji …

Bhutan

Norway …

Japan …

Maldives

Poland …

Kiribati …

Myanmar

Portugal …

Micronesia (Federated States of) … New Zealand …

India

Russian Federation …

Timor-Leste

San Marino …

Niue …

Bangladesh

Slovakia …

Palau …

Nepal

Slovenia …

Republic of Korea …

Democratic People's Republic of Korea …

Spain …

Samoa …

Sweden …

Singapore …

Switzerland …

Tonga …

Key 1+ visit

United Kingdom …

4+ visits

This chart shows the percentage of women who received antenatal care from skilled health personnel at least once and at least four times during pregnancy. Within each WHO region, countries are sorted by the latest available data since 2000 for coverage of at least one visit. Further details can be found in Part II, Table 4.

9. Unmet need for family planning (%)

Morocco 10.0

Mauritius

3.5

Colombia

5.8

Albania 1.3

Namibia

6.7

United States of America

6.3

Turkey 6.0

Egypt 10.3

Zimbabwe 12.8

Paraguay

6.6

Republic of Moldova 6.7

Jordan 11.9

Niger 15.8

Ecuador

7.4

Turkmenistan 10.1

Congo 16.2

Nicaragua

7.5

Ukraine 10.3 Romania 11.9

Afghanistan

…

Armenia 13.3

Bahrain

…

Cape Verde 16.7

Peru

8.1

Nigeria 16.9

El Salvador

8.9

9.4

Regional average

Tunisia 12.1

Mozambique 18.4

Regional average Dominican Republic 11.4

Georgia 16.3

Djibouti

…

Cameroon 20.2

Jamaica 11.7

Azerbaijan 22.7

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

…

Guinea 21.2

Mexico 12.0

Andorra …

Iraq

…

United Republic of Tanzania 21.8

Honduras 16.9

Austria …

Kuwait

…

Chad 23.3

Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 22.7

Belarus …

Lebanon

…

Madagascar 23.6

Guatemala 27.6

Belgium …

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

…

Haiti 37.5

Bosnia and Herzegovina …

Oman

…

Democratic Republic of the Congo 24.4

Antigua and Barbuda

…

Bulgaria …

Qatar

…

Kenya 24.5

Argentina

…

Croatia …

Saudi Arabia

…

Zambia 26.5

Bahamas

…

Cyprus …

Somalia

…

Eritrea 27.0

Barbados

…

Czech Republic …

Sudan

…

Malawi 27.6

Belize

…

Denmark …

Syrian Arab Republic

…

Gabon 28.0

Brazil

…

Estonia …

United Arab Emirates

…

Burkina Faso 28.8

Canada

…

Finland …

Yemen

…

Burundi 29.0

Chile

…

France …

Benin 29.9

Costa Rica

…

Germany …

Lesotho 30.9

Cuba

…

Greece …

Regional average

Swaziland 24.0

24.3

Mali 31.2

Dominica

…

Hungary …

Mauritania 31.6

Grenada

…

Iceland …

Senegal 31.6

Guyana

…

Ireland …

Regional average

China 2.3 Mongolia 4.6

Ethiopia 33.8

Panama

…

Israel …

Viet Nam 4.8

Ghana 34.0

Saint Kitts and Nevis

…

Italy …

Philippines 17.3

Liberia 35.6

Saint Lucia

…

Kazakhstan …

Cambodia 25.1

Rwanda 37.9

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Kyrgyzstan …

Lao People's Democratic Republic 39.5

Suriname

…

Latvia …

Australia …

Trinidad and Tobago

…

Lithuania …

Brunei Darussalam … Cook Islands …

Uganda 40.6 Algeria

…

Angola

…

Uruguay

…

Luxembourg …

Botswana

…

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

…

Malta …

Fiji …

Central African Republic

…

Monaco …

Japan …

Comoros

…

Montenegro …

Kiribati …

Côte d'Ivoire

…

Netherlands …

Malaysia …

Equatorial Guinea

…

Gambia

…

Guinea-Bissau

…

Sao Tome and Principe

…

Seychelles

…

Thailand 3.1

Norway …

Marshall Islands …

Poland …

Micronesia (Federated States of) …

Timor-Leste 3.8

Portugal …

Nauru …

Indonesia 9.1

Russian Federation …

New Zealand …

India 12.8

San Marino …

Niue …

…

Bangladesh 17.1

Serbia …

Palau …

South Africa

…

Sri Lanka 18.2

Slovakia …

Papua New Guinea …

Togo

…

Myanmar 19.1

Slovenia …

Republic of Korea …

Nepal 24.6

Spain …

Samoa …

Bhutan …

Sweden …

Singapore …

Democratic People's Republic of Korea …

Switzerland …

Solomon Islands …

Maldives …

Tajikistan …

Tonga …

…

Tuvalu …

United Kingdom …

Vanuatu …

Sierra Leone

Regional average

12.8

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Uzbekistan …

This chart shows the percentage of women who are fecund and sexually active but are not using any method of contraception, and report not wanting any more children or wanting to delay the next child. Within each WHO region, countries are sorted by the latest available data since 2000. Further details can be found in Part II, Table 4.

18.6

Pakistan 24.9

3.4

10. Prevalence of HIV among adults aged 15–49 years (%)

Comoros

<0.1

Cuba

0.1

Bosnia and Herzegovina

<0.1

Lebanon

0.1

Algeria

0.1

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

0.2

Croatia

<0.1

Morocco

0.1

Madagascar

0.1

Nicaragua

0.2

Slovakia

<0.1

Pakistan

0.1

Mauritania

0.8

Chile

0.3

Slovenia

<0.1

Tunisia

0.1

Niger

0.8

Ecuador

0.3

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

<0.1

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

0.2

Gambia

0.9

Mexico

0.3

Turkmenistan

<0.1

Senegal

1.0

Canada

0.4

Armenia

0.1

Sudan

1.4

Benin

1.2

Costa Rica

0.4

Finland

0.1

Djibouti

3.1

Eritrea

1.3

Argentina

0.5

Georgia

0.1

Afghanistan

…

Mali

1.5

Peru

0.5

Germany

0.1

Bahrain

…

Burkina Faso

1.6

Brazil

0.6

Hungary

0.1

Egypt

…

Guinea

1.6

Colombia

0.6

Israel

0.1

Iraq

…

Liberia

1.7

Paraguay

0.6

Kazakhstan

0.1

Jordan

…

Mauritius

1.7

United States of America

0.6

Kyrgyzstan

0.1

Kuwait

…

Regional average

0.5

Regional average

Somalia

Sierra Leone

1.7

Uruguay

0.6

Lithuania

0.1

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

…

Guinea-Bissau

1.8

Honduras

0.7

Malta

0.1

Oman

…

El Salvador

0.8

Norway

0.1

Qatar

…

0.1

Saudi Arabia

… …

Ghana

1.9

Burundi

2.0

Guatemala

0.8

Poland

Angola

2.1

Panama

1.0

Romania

0.1

Syrian Arab Republic

Ethiopia

2.1

Dominican Republic

1.1

Serbia

0.1

United Arab Emirates

…

Rwanda

2.8

Barbados

1.2

Sweden

0.1

Yemen

…

Nigeria

3.1

Trinidad and Tobago

1.5

Uzbekistan

0.1

Togo

3.3

Jamaica

1.6

Austria

0.2

Equatorial Guinea

3.4

Belize

2.1

Azerbaijan

0.2

Chad

3.5

2.2

Belarus

0.2

Congo

3.5

2.4

Belgium

0.2

Republic of Korea

<0.1

Côte d'Ivoire Regional average Cameroon

3.9

Guyana

2.5

Denmark

0.2

China

0.1

5.1

Bahamas

3.0

Greece

0.2

Fiji

0.1

Uganda

5.4

Antigua and Barbuda

…

Iceland

0.2

Mongolia

0.1

…

Ireland

0.2

New Zealand

0.1

Luxembourg

0.2

Gabon

Haiti Suriname 4.9

Dominica

5.9

United Republic of Tanzania

6.2

Grenada

…

Central African Republic

6.3

Saint Kitts and Nevis

…

Netherlands

Malawi

11.9

Saint Lucia

…

United Kingdom

Mozambique

12.5

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Tajikistan

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

…

Regional average

Australia

0.2

Lao People's Democratic Republic

0.2

Singapore

0.2

0.3

Malaysia

0.5

Zambia

15.2

France

0.4

Viet Nam

0.5

Namibia

15.3

Italy

0.4

Cambodia

0.8

Zimbabwe

15.3

Republic of Moldova

0.4

Papua New Guinea

1.5

South Africa

18.1

Portugal

0.5

Brunei Darussalam

…

Lesotho

23.2

Spain

0.5

Cook Islands

…

Botswana

23.9

Switzerland

0.6

Japan

…

Latvia

0.8

Kiribati

…

Bhutan

0.1

Indonesia

0.2

India

0.3

Regional average

0.5

Swaziland

26.1

Cape Verde

…

Russian Federation

1.1

Marshall Islands

…

Democratic Republic of the Congo

…

Nepal

0.5

Estonia

1.3

Micronesia (Federated States of)

…

Regional average

0.3

Kenya

…

Myanmar

0.7

Ukraine

1.6

Nauru

…

Sao Tome and Principe

…

Thailand

1.4

Albania

…

Niue

…

Seychelles

…

Bangladesh

…

Andorra

…

Palau

…

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

…

Bulgaria

…

Maldives

Cyprus

Philippines

Czech Republic

…

Samoa

…

Sri Lanka

…

Timor-Leste

…

Key Country trend 1990

Monaco

…

Solomon Islands

Montenegro

…

Tonga

…

San Marino

…

Tuvalu

…

Turkey

…

Vanuatu

…

Latest available

This chart shows the estimated prevalence of HIV infection in adults aged 15–49 years, with countries within each WHO region sorted by 2007 level. The regional averages are based on updates and reflect 2008 levels. Because of limited data availability for the MDG target age group (15–24 years) prevalence is reported here for the 15–49 age group. Further details can be found in Part II, Table 2.

0.2

0.5

…

0.1

11. Males aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (%)

Namibia

Guyana

Ukraine 43

Afghanistan

…

Rwanda

Haiti

Armenia 15

Bahrain

…

Swaziland

Dominican Republic

Djibouti

…

Kenya

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

Albania …

Egypt

…

Zimbabwe

Antigua and Barbuda

…

Andorra …

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

…

United Republic of Tanzania

Argentina

…

Austria …

Iraq

…

Uganda

Bahamas

…

Belarus …

Jordan

…

Zambia

Barbados

…

Belgium …

Kuwait

…

Cape Verde

Belize

…

Bosnia and Herzegovina …

Lebanon

…

Malawi

Brazil

…

Bulgaria …

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

… …

Regional average

Azerbaijan

Benin

Canada

…

Croatia …

Morocco

Congo

Chile

…

Cyprus …

Oman

…

Cameroon

Colombia

…

Czech Republic …

Pakistan

…

Ethiopia

Costa Rica

…

Denmark …

Qatar

…

Ghana

Cuba

…

Estonia …

Saudi Arabia

…

Mozambique

Dominica

…

Finland …

Somalia

…

Côte d'Ivoire

Ecuador

…

France …

Sudan

…

El Salvador

…

Georgia …

Syrian Arab Republic

…

Germany …

Tunisia

…

Central African Republic

Senegal

Grenada

Burkina Faso

Guatemala

…

Greece …

United Arab Emirates

…

Guinea

Honduras

…

Hungary …

Yemen

…

Mali

Jamaica

…

Iceland …

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Mexico

…

Ireland …

Nicaragua

…

Israel …

Panama

…

Italy …

…

Kazakhstan …

Nigeria Chad Lesotho

Paraguay

Viet Nam

Madagascar

Peru

…

Kyrgyzstan …

Cambodia

Niger

Saint Kitts and Nevis

…

Latvia …

Marshall Islands

Algeria

…

Saint Lucia

…

Lithuania …

Philippines

Angola

…

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Luxembourg …

Australia …

Botswana

…

Suriname

…

Malta …

Brunei Darussalam …

Burundi

…

Trinidad and Tobago

…

Monaco …

China …

Comoros

…

United States of America

…

Montenegro …

Cook Islands …

Equatorial Guinea

…

Uruguay

…

Netherlands …

Fiji …

Eritrea

…

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

…

Norway …

Japan …

Gabon

…

Poland …

Kiribati … Lao People's Democratic Republic …

Gambia

…

Portugal …

Guinea-Bissau

…

Republic of Moldova …

Malaysia …

Liberia

…

Romania …

Micronesia (Federated States of) …

Mauritania

…

Mongolia …

Mauritius

Nepal

Russian Federation …

India

San Marino …

Nauru …

Bangladesh …

Serbia …

New Zealand …

Bhutan …

Slovakia …

Niue …

Democratic People's Republic of Korea …

Slovenia …

Palau …

Indonesia …

Spain …

Papua New Guinea …

Maldives …

Sweden …

Republic of Korea …

Myanmar …

Switzerland …

Samoa …

Sri Lanka …

Tajikistan …

Singapore …

…

Solomon Islands …

…

Sao Tome and Principe

…

Seychelles

…

Sierra Leone

…

South Africa

…

Togo

…

Thailand …

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Timor-Leste …

Turkey …

Tonga …

Turkmenistan …

Tuvalu …

United Kingdom …

Vanuatu …

Uzbekistan …

This chart shows the percentage of males who correctly identify the two major ways of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV, who reject the two most-common local misconceptions about HIV transmission and who know that a healthy-looking person can transmit HIV. Within each WHO region, countries are sorted by the latest available data since 2000. Further details can be found in Part II, Table 5.

12. Females aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (%)

Namibia

Jamaica

Bosnia and Herzegovina 48

Djibouti

Swaziland

Guyana

Serbia 42

Morocco

Rwanda

Dominican Republic

Ukraine 42

Syrian Arab Republic

United Republic of Tanzania

Suriname

Belarus 34

Somalia

Sao Tome and Principe

Haiti

Uzbekistan 31

Iraq

Zimbabwe

Cuba

Montenegro 30

Afghanistan

…

Gambia

Honduras

Bahrain

…

Eritrea

Trinidad and Tobago

Armenia 23

Egypt

…

Cape Verde

Nicaragua

Kazakhstan 22

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

…

Kyrgyzstan 20

Regional average

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Kenya

Peru

Zambia

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

Albania

Jordan

…

Kuwait

…

Uganda

Antigua and Barbuda

…

Azerbaijan

Lebanon

…

Burundi

Argentina

…

Tajikistan

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

…

Togo

Bahamas

…

Andorra …

Oman

…

Cameroon

Barbados

…

Austria …

Pakistan

…

Lesotho

Belize

…

Belgium …

Qatar

…

Congo

Brazil

…

Bulgaria …

Saudi Arabia

…

Ghana

Canada

…

Croatia …

Sudan

…

Malawi

Chile

…

Cyprus …

Tunisia

…

Czech Republic …

United Arab Emirates

…

Yemen

…

Senegal

Colombia

Ethiopia

Costa Rica

…

Denmark …

Mozambique

Dominica

…

Estonia …

Madagascar

Ecuador

…

Finland …

El Salvador

…

France …

…

Georgia …

Comoros Côte d'Ivoire

Grenada

Guinea-Bissau

Guatemala

…

Germany …

Cambodia

Mali

Mexico

…

Greece …

Viet Nam

Nigeria

Panama

…

Hungary …

Mongolia

Central African Republic

Paraguay

…

Iceland …

Marshall Islands

Guinea

Saint Kitts and Nevis

…

Ireland …

Philippines

Sierra Leone

Saint Lucia

…

Israel …

Australia …

Benin

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Italy …

Brunei Darussalam …

Burkina Faso

United States of America

…

Latvia …

China …

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Uruguay

…

Lithuania …

Cook Islands …

Algeria

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

…

Luxembourg …

Fiji …

Malta …

Japan …

Niger

Chad

Monaco …

Kiribati …

Equatorial Guinea

Netherlands …

Lao People's Democratic Republic …

Angola

…

Botswana

…

Gabon

…

Regional average

Thailand

Nepal

Norway …

Malaysia …

Poland …

Micronesia (Federated States of) …

Portugal …

Nauru …

Republic of Moldova …

New Zealand …

Liberia

…

India

Mauritania

…

Bangladesh

Romania …

Niue … Palau …

Mauritius

…

Bhutan …

Russian Federation …

Seychelles

…

Democratic People's Republic of Korea …

San Marino …

Papua New Guinea …

South Africa

…

Indonesia …

Slovakia …

Republic of Korea …

Maldives …

Slovenia …

Samoa …

Myanmar …

Spain …

Singapore …

Sri Lanka …

Sweden …

Solomon Islands …

Timor-Leste …

Switzerland …

Tonga …

Turkey …

Tuvalu …

Turkmenistan …

Vanuatu …

United Kingdom …

This chart shows the percentage of females who correctly identify the two major ways of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV, who reject the two most-common local misconceptions about HIV transmission and who know that a healthy-looking person can transmit HIV. Within each WHO region, countries are sorted by the latest available data since 2000. Further details can be found in Part II, Table 5.

13. Antiretroviral therapy coverage among people with advanced HIV infection (%)

Regional average

Namibia

Costa Rica >95

Romania 73

Morocco

Botswana

Cuba >95

Republic of Moldova 58

Tunisia

Lebanon

Djibouti

Egypt

Rwanda

Chile

Poland 36

Senegal

Brazil

Uzbekistan 24

Benin

Argentina

Kazakhstan 23

Zambia

Mexico

Hungary 22

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

Panama

Belarus 20

Pakistan

Uruguay

Lithuania 18

Sudan

Serbia 17

Afghanistan

…

Gabon

Swaziland

Mali

El Salvador

Regional average

Kenya

Belize

Russian Federation 16

Bahrain

…

Burkina Faso

Peru

Latvia 15

Iraq

…

Malawi

Honduras

Azerbaijan 14

Jordan

…

Uganda

Guyana

Kyrgyzstan 14

Kuwait

…

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

…

Equatorial Guinea

Suriname

Armenia 12

United Republic of Tanzania

Jamaica

Ukraine

Oman

…

Ethiopia

Ecuador

Tajikistan

Qatar

…

Côte d'Ivoire

Haiti

Albania …

Saudi Arabia

…

South Africa

Colombia

Andorra …

Somalia

…

Guinea

Dominican Republic

Austria …

Syrian Arab Republic

…

Lesotho

Guatemala

Belgium …

United Arab Emirates

…

Yemen

…

Nigeria

Nicaragua

Bosnia and Herzegovina …

Angola

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

Bulgaria … Croatia …

Cameroon

Paraguay

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Antigua and Barbuda

…

Cyprus …

Mozambique

Bahamas

…

Czech Republic … Lao People's Democratic Republic >95

Burundi

Barbados

…

Denmark …

Mauritania

Canada

…

Estonia …

Cambodia

Mauritius

Dominica

…

Finland …

Papua New Guinea

Central African Republic

Grenada

…

France …

Malaysia

Algeria

Saint Kitts and Nevis

…

Georgia …

Philippines

Guinea-Bissau

Saint Lucia

…

Germany …

Viet Nam

Sierra Leone

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Greece …

China

Togo

Trinidad and Tobago

…

Iceland …

Australia …

Regional average

Gambia

United States of America

…

Ireland …

Brunei Darussalam …

Congo

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

…

Israel …

Cook Islands …

Liberia

Italy …

Fiji …

Zimbabwe

Luxembourg …

Japan …

Ghana

Malta …

Kiribati …

Chad

Monaco …

Marshall Islands …

Eritrea

Niger

Thailand

Montenegro …

Micronesia (Federated States of) …

Indonesia

Netherlands …

Mongolia …

Madagascar

Myanmar

Norway …

Nauru …

Cape Verde

…

Sri Lanka

Portugal …

New Zealand …

Regional average

Comoros

…

Bangladesh

San Marino …

Niue …

Sao Tome and Principe

…

Nepal

Slovakia …

Palau …

Seychelles

…

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Republic of Korea …

Slovenia …

Bhutan …

Spain …

Samoa …

India …

Sweden …

Singapore …

Switzerland …

Solomon Islands …

Maldives … Timor-Leste …

…

Tonga …

Turkey …

Tuvalu …

Turkmenistan …

Vanuatu …

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

United Kingdom …

This chart shows the percentage of people with advanced HIV infection currently receiving antiretroviral therapy according to standards of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS for each country for 2007, with countries within each WHO region sorted by level. The regional averages shown are based on 2008 updated data. Further details can be found in Part II, Table 4.

14. Malaria mortality rate (per 100 000 population)

Algeria

0.0

Argentina

0.0

Armenia

0.0

Egypt

0.0

Cape Verde

0.1

Belize

<0.1

Azerbaijan

0.0

Iraq

0.0 0.0

Swaziland

0.1

Costa Rica

<0.1

Turkmenistan

0.0

Morocco

South Africa

0.3

El Salvador

<0.1

Georgia

<0.1

Oman

0.0

Botswana

1.6

Mexico

<0.1

Kyrgyzstan

<0.1

Saudi Arabia

0.0

Eritrea

1.6

Nicaragua

<0.1

Tajikistan

<0.1

Syrian Arab Republic

0.0

Zimbabwe

Panama

<0.1

Turkey

<0.1

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

<0.1

Madagascar

Paraguay

<0.1

Uzbekistan

<0.1

Afghanistan

0.5

Sao Tome and Principe

Guatemala

0.1

Albania

…

Pakistan

0.8

Comoros

Honduras

0.1

Andorra

…

Yemen

3.9

Namibia

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

0.2

Austria

…

Djibouti

Ethiopia

Ecuador

0.2

Belarus

…

Somalia

Rwanda

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

0.2

Belgium

…

Sudan

Kenya

Dominican Republic

0.3

Bosnia and Herzegovina

…

Bahrain

…

Regional average

Senegal

Brazil

0.5

Bulgaria

…

Jordan

…

Mauritania

Peru

0.5

Croatia

…

Kuwait

…

Mozambique

Regional average Colombia

1.0

Cyprus

…

Lebanon

…

Burundi

Suriname

4.9

Czech Republic

…

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

…

Malawi

Haiti

7.8

Denmark

…

Qatar

…

Gabon

Guyana

Estonia

…

Tunisia

…

United Republic of Tanzania

Antigua and Barbuda

…

Finland

…

United Arab Emirates

…

Central African Republic

100

Bahamas

…

France

…

Côte d'Ivoire

103

Barbados

…

Germany

… …

Regional average

104

0.5

Gambia

106

Canada

…

Greece

Ghana

109

Chile

…

Hungary

… …

Republic of Korea

0.0

Togo

113

Cuba

…

Iceland

Cameroon

116

Dominica

…

Ireland

…

Zambia

121

Grenada

…

Israel

…

Malaysia

0.1

Congo

124

Jamaica

…

Italy

…

Viet Nam

0.2

…

Kazakhstan

…

Philippines

0.3

…

Latvia

…

Lao People's Democratic Republic

1.1

Angola Uganda

128

Saint Kitts and Nevis

145

Saint Lucia

China <0.1

Regional average

Benin

146

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Lithuania

…

Cambodia

4.1

Sierra Leone

154

Trinidad and Tobago

…

Luxembourg

…

Vanuatu

Nigeria

156

United States of America …

Malta

…

Solomon Islands

Democratic Republic of the Congo

158

Monaco

…

Papua New Guinea

Guinea

164

Montenegro

…

Australia

…

Liberia

171

Netherlands

…

Brunei Darussalam

…

Chad

173

Norway

…

Cook Islands

…

Burkina Faso

178

Guinea-Bissau

180

Mali

201

Equatorial Guinea

220

Niger

229

Lesotho

…

Mauritius

…

Seychelles

…

Uruguay

…

Poland

…

Fiji

…

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

0.0

Portugal

…

Japan

…

Sri Lanka

<0.1

Republic of Moldova

…

Kiribati

…

Nepal

0.1

Romania

…

Marshall Islands

…

Thailand

0.6

Russian Federation

…

Micronesia (Federated States of)

…

India

1.3

San Marino

…

Mongolia

…

Indonesia

1.5

Serbia

…

Nauru

…

Bhutan

3.0

Slovakia

…

New Zealand

…

Bangladesh

4.2

Slovenia

…

Niue

…

Myanmar

Spain

…

Palau

…

Timor-Leste

Sweden

…

Samoa

…

Maldives

…

Switzerland

…

Singapore

…

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

…

Tonga

…

Ukraine

…

Tuvalu

…

United Kingdom

…

Regional average

2.1

This chart shows the estimated number of deaths from malaria for 2006, with countries within each WHO region sorted by level. Further details can be found in Part II, Table 2.

7.5

0.3

15. Children aged <5 years sleeping under insecticide-treated nets (%)

Madagascar

Guyana

Azerbaijan

Sudan

Sao Tome and Principe

Suriname

Tajikistan

Somalia

Gambia

Argentina

…

Armenia …

Equatorial Guinea

Bahamas

…

Georgia …

Afghanistan Regional average Djibouti

1 0

Zambia

Belize

…

Kyrgyzstan …

Iraq

Guinea-Bissau

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

…

Russian Federation …

Pakistan

Kenya

Brazil

…

Turkey …

Egypt

…

Togo

Colombia

…

Turkmenistan …

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

…

Ethiopia

Costa Rica

…

Uzbekistan …

Morocco

…

Senegal

Dominican Republic

…

Oman

…

Ghana

Ecuador

…

Albania …

Saudi Arabia

…

Non-endemic

Mali

El Salvador

…

Andorra …

Syrian Arab Republic

…

Sierra Leone

Guatemala

…

Austria …

Yemen

…

Malawi

Haiti

…

Belarus …

Non-endemic

Rwanda

Honduras

…

Belgium …

Bahrain

Benin

Jamaica

…

Bosnia and Herzegovina …

Jordan

…

Angola

Mexico

…

Bulgaria …

Kuwait

…

Nicaragua

…

Croatia …

Lebanon

…

Panama

…

Cyprus …

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

… …

Regional average United Republic of Tanzania

Central African Republic

…

Cameroon

Paraguay

…

Czech Republic …

Qatar

Burkina Faso

Peru

…

Denmark …

Tunisia

…

Comoros

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

…

Estonia …

United Arab Emirates

…

Uganda

Non-endemic

Antigua and Barbuda

…

France …

Mozambique

Barbados

…

Germany …

Niger

Canada

…

Greece …

Lao People's Democratic Republic

Congo

Chile

…

Hungary …

Viet Nam

Côte d'Ivoire

Cuba

…

Iceland …

Cambodia

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Dominica

…

Ireland …

Nigeria

Grenada

…

Israel …

Malaysia …

Saint Kitts and Nevis

…

Italy …

Papua New Guinea …

Burundi

Finland …

China …

Eritrea

Liberia

Saint Lucia

…

Kazakhstan …

Philippines …

Zimbabwe

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Latvia …

Republic of Korea …

Mauritania

Trinidad and Tobago

…

Lithuania …

Solomon Islands …

Chad

United States of America

…

Luxembourg …

Guinea

Uruguay

…

Malta …

Swaziland

Monaco …

Australia …

Montenegro …

Brunei Darussalam …

Netherlands …

Cook Islands …

Algeria

…

Botswana

…

Cape Verde

…

Gabon

…

Namibia

…

South Africa

Lesotho

…

Mauritius

…

Seychelles

…

Timor-Leste

Norway …

Fiji …

Indonesia

Poland …

Japan …

Bangladesh …

Portugal …

Kiribati …

Bhutan …

Republic of Moldova …

Marshall Islands …

Democratic People's Republic of Korea …

Romania …

Micronesia (Federated States of) …

India …

San Marino …

Mongolia …

Myanmar …

Serbia …

Nauru …

Nepal …

Slovakia …

New Zealand …

Sri Lanka …

Slovenia …

Niue …

Thailand …

Spain …

Palau …

…

Non-endemic

Vanuatu … Non-endemic

Non-endemic Maldives …

Sweden …

Samoa …

Switzerland …

Singapore …

…

Tonga …

Ukraine …

Tuvalu …

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

United Kingdom …

This chart shows the percentage of children under 5 years of age that slept under an insecticide-treated net the night prior to the survey. Within each WHO region, countries are sorted by the latest available data since 2000. Further details can be found in Part II, Table 4.

16. Children aged <5 years with fever who received treatment with any antimalarial (%)

Comoros

Haiti

Tajikistan

Sudan

Gambia

Nicaragua

Azerbaijan

Djibouti

Uganda

Guyana

Armenia …

Afghanistan

Liberia

Honduras

Georgia …

Somalia

Cameroon

Argentina

…

Kyrgyzstan …

Pakistan

United Republic of Tanzania

Bahamas

…

Russian Federation …

Iraq

Central African Republic

Belize

…

Turkey …

Egypt

…

Benin

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

…

Turkmenistan …

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

…

Burkina Faso

Brazil

…

Uzbekistan …

Morocco

…

Congo

Colombia

…

Guinea-Bissau

Costa Rica

…

Guinea

Dominican Republic

Zambia

Ecuador

Oman

…

Albania …

Saudi Arabia

…

Andorra …

Syrian Arab Republic

…

Austria …

Yemen

…

Non-endemic

Togo

El Salvador

…

Belarus …

Non-endemic

Côte d'Ivoire

Guatemala

…

Belgium …

Bahrain

Madagascar

Jamaica

…

Bosnia and Herzegovina …

Jordan

…

Niger

Mexico

…

Bulgaria …

Kuwait

…

Nigeria

Panama

…

Croatia …

Lebanon

…

Chad

Paraguay

…

Cyprus …

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

… …

…

Mali

Peru

…

Czech Republic …

Qatar

Burundi

Suriname

…

Denmark …

Tunisia

…

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

…

Estonia …

United Arab Emirates

…

Sierra Leone

Non-endemic

Angola

Antigua and Barbuda

…

France …

Swaziland

Barbados

…

Germany …

Sao Tome and Principe

Canada

…

Greece …

Lao People's Democratic Republic

Ghana

Chile

…

Hungary …

Viet Nam

Kenya

Cuba

…

Iceland …

Cambodia

Malawi

Dominica

…

Ireland …

Mozambique

Grenada

…

Israel …

Malaysia …

Senegal

Saint Kitts and Nevis

…

Italy …

Papua New Guinea …

Finland …

China …

Mauritania

Saint Lucia

…

Kazakhstan …

Philippines …

Equatorial Guinea

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Latvia …

Republic of Korea …

Namibia

Trinidad and Tobago

…

Lithuania …

Solomon Islands …

Ethiopia

United States of America

…

Luxembourg …

Rwanda

Uruguay

…

Malta …

Zimbabwe

Monaco …

Australia …

Eritrea

Montenegro …

Brunei Darussalam …

Netherlands …

Cook Islands …

Vanuatu … Non-endemic

Algeria

…

Botswana

…

Timor-Leste

Norway …

Fiji …

Cape Verde

…

India

Poland …

Japan …

Indonesia

Gabon

…

Portugal …

Kiribati …

South Africa

…

Bangladesh …

Republic of Moldova …

Marshall Islands …

Bhutan …

Romania …

Micronesia (Federated States of) …

Lesotho

…

Democratic People's Republic of Korea …

San Marino …

Mongolia …

Mauritius

…

Myanmar …

Serbia …

Nauru …

Seychelles

…

Nepal …

Slovakia …

New Zealand …

Sri Lanka …

Slovenia …

Niue …

Thailand …

Spain …

Palau …

Non-endemic

Non-endemic Maldives …

Sweden …

Samoa …

Switzerland …

Singapore …

…

Tonga …

Ukraine …

Tuvalu …

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

United Kingdom …

This chart shows the percentage of children under 5 years of age with fever in the two weeks prior to the survey who received any antimalarial medicine. Within each WHO region, countries are sorted by the latest available data since 2000. Further details can be found in Part II, Table 4.

17. Tuberculosis mortality rate among HIV-negative people (per 100 000 population)

Algeria

4.1

Barbados

0.0

Luxembourg

0.0

United Arab Emirates

0.3

Mauritius

4.7

Saint Kitts and Nevis

0.0

Monaco

0.0

Jordan

0.5

Equatorial Guinea

5.0

Antigua and Barbuda

0.1

San Marino

0.0

Oman

0.8

Comoros

8.0

Canada

0.3

Iceland

0.1

Saudi Arabia

1.2

Seychelles

8.7

Grenada

0.3

Andorra

0.3

Lebanon

1.3

Eritrea

9.0

United States of America

0.3

Cyprus

0.3

Tunisia

1.8

United Republic of Tanzania

Cuba

0.4

Germany

0.3

Kuwait

2.3

Benin

Bahamas

0.7

Greece

0.3

Syrian Arab Republic

2.3

Cameroon

Costa Rica

0.7

Switzerland

0.3

Bahrain

2.8

Sao Tome and Principe

Chile

0.8

Denmark

0.4

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

3.0

Zambia

Jamaica

0.9

France

0.4

Egypt

3.1

Kenya

Saint Lucia

0.9

Israel

0.4

Qatar

3.8

Malawi

Dominica

1.1

Italy

0.4

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

4.2

Angola

Trinidad and Tobago

1.2

Netherlands

0.4

Morocco

8.0

Guinea-Bissau

Mexico

1.4

Norway

0.4

Yemen

Namibia

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

1.4

Sweden

0.4

Iraq

Lesotho

Uruguay

1.7

Austria

0.5

Sudan

Uganda

El Salvador

2.7

Belgium

0.5

Afghanistan

Pakistan

Swaziland

Panama

2.8

Finland

0.5

Cape Verde

Argentina

3.1

Ireland

0.5

Mozambique

Brazil

3.8

Czech Republic

0.6

Nicaragua

4.1

Slovakia

0.7

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

4.3

Niger

Botswana

South Africa

Central African Republic

Gabon

Congo

Gambia

Ghana

Liberia

Burkina Faso Regional average Madagascar

Regional average

Colombia

4.6

Belize

5.1

Paraguay

8.7

Honduras

Dominican Republic

Guatemala

Ecuador

Guyana

Zimbabwe

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

Chad

Suriname

Guinea

Nigeria

Ethiopia

Senegal

Burundi

Rwanda

C么te d'Ivoire

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Mauritania

Mali

Togo

Sierra Leone

140

Haiti

1990

0.7

Malta

0.8

Slovenia

0.8

Hungary

1.0

Spain

1.0

Serbia

1.3

Albania

1.4

Montenegro

1.5

Croatia

1.6

Portugal

1.6

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

1.7

Estonia

1.9

Poland

2.6

Turkey

3.2

Bosnia and Herzegovina

3.4

Republic of Moldova

4.6

Belarus

5.2

Latvia

5.5

Bulgaria

5.8

Maldives

2.9

Sri Lanka

Bhutan

Thailand

Nepal

India

Indonesia

Regional average

Niue

0.0

Australia

0.4

New Zealand

0.5

Nauru

0.8

Japan

1.4

Singapore

2.5

Tonga

3.0

Fiji

3.2

Cook Islands

4.0

Brunei Darussalam

4.2

Samoa

4.3

Republic of Korea

5.5

Micronesia (Federated States of)

6.6

Tuvalu

6.5

Vanuatu

China

12 14

7.7

Marshall Islands

8.4

Palau

Lithuania

9.3

Malaysia

Armenia

Solomon Islands

Mongolia

Papua New Guinea

Georgia

Russian Federation

Bangladesh

Ukraine

Myanmar

Azerbaijan

Timor-Leste

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

Uzbekistan

Latest available

Djibouti

Romania

Somalia

Turkmenistan

Regional average Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Key Country trend

United Kingdom

5.4

Peru

3.4

Regional average

Tajikistan

27 44

Regional average

Kiribati

Lao People's Democratic Republic

Viet Nam

Philippines

Cambodia

This chart shows the estimated number of deaths (per 100 000 population) from tuberculosis among HIV-negative cases for 2008, with countries within each WHO region sorted by level. Further details can be found in Part II, Table 4.

18. Population using improved drinking-water sources (%)

Mauritius

Barbados

100

Andorra

100

Lebanon

100

Botswana

Canada

100

Austria

100

Qatar

100

Comoros

Uruguay

100

Belarus

100

United Arab Emirates

100

Gambia

Belize

Belgium

100

Egypt

Namibia

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Bulgaria

100

Kuwait

South Africa

United States of America

Cyprus

100

Jordan

Sao Tome and Principe

Saint Lucia

Czech Republic

100

Tunisia

Gabon

Argentina

Denmark

100

Djibouti

Lesotho

Brazil

Finland

100

Pakistan

Cape Verde

Costa Rica

France

100

Syrian Arab Republic

Algeria

Chile

Germany

100

Oman

Ghana

Cuba

Greece

100

Morocco

Regional average

Zimbabwe

Ecuador

Hungary

100

Iraq

Côte d'Ivoire

Guatemala

Iceland

100

Yemen

Malawi

Guyana

Ireland

100

Sudan

Burkina Faso

Jamaica

Israel

100

Afghanistan

Benin

Mexico

Italy

100

Somalia

Cameroon

Trinidad and Tobago

Luxembourg

100

Bahrain

…

Burundi

Panama

Malta

100

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

…

Congo

Suriname

Monaco

100

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

…

Guinea

Colombia

Netherlands

100

Saudi Arabia

…

El Salvador

Norway

100

Poland

100

Slovakia

100

Spain

100 100

Senegal

Swaziland

Liberia

Central African Republic

Uganda

Paraguay

Sweden

100

Australia

Rwanda

Nicaragua

Switzerland

100

Japan

100

Eritrea

Peru

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

100

Malaysia

100

Guinea-Bissau Regional average Togo

Haiti

United Kingdom

100

New Zealand

100

Antigua and Barbuda

…

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Niue

100

Zambia

Bahamas

…

Croatia

Singapore

100

Tonga

100

Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Dominican Republic Honduras

Kenya

Dominica

…

Latvia

Nigeria

Grenada

…

Portugal

Republic of Korea

Mali

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Serbia

Tuvalu

United Republic of Tanzania

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

…

Slovenia

Marshall Islands

Turkey

Viet Nam

Angola

Chad

Estonia

Philippines

Mauritania

Georgia

Nauru

Sierra Leone

Montenegro

China

Ukraine

Albania

Niger Mozambique Democratic Republic of the Congo

48 Democratic People's Republic of Korea Thailand 47

100

Madagascar

Ethiopia

Equatorial Guinea

…

Seychelles

…

Regional average

Bhutan

Maldives

Sri Lanka

India

Nepal

Bangladesh

Indonesia

Myanmar

Timor-Leste

Key MDG target 1990 Country trend

2015 Latest available

Regional average 98

Vanuatu

Mongolia

Armenia

Cambodia

Russian Federation

Lao People's Democratic Republic

Kazakhstan

Papua New Guinea

Kyrgyzstan

Brunei Darussalam

…

Republic of Moldova

Cook Islands

…

Uzbekistan

Fiji

…

Azerbaijan

Kiribati

…

Tajikistan

Micronesia (Federated States of)

…

Lithuania

…

Palau

…

Romania

…

Samoa

…

San Marino

…

Solomon Islands

…

Turkmenistan

…

This chart shows the percentage of the population using an improved drinking-water source, with countries within each WHO region sorted by 2008 level. The bold lines indicate trends since 1990 or since the first year for which data are available. The thin lines indicate the projected trend needed to double the proportion of people with sustainable access to safe drinking-water by 2015. The MDG target is worded in terms of halving the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking-water by 2015. Further details can be found in Part II, Table 5.

19. Population using improved sanitation (%)

Algeria

Bahamas

100

Andorra

100

Kuwait

100

Mauritius

Barbados

100

Austria

100

Qatar

100

South Africa

Canada

100

Belgium

100

Jordan

Gambia

United States of America

100

Bulgaria

100

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

Botswana

Uruguay

100

Cyprus

100

United Arab Emirates

Angola

Grenada

Denmark

100

Syrian Arab Republic

Malawi

Chile

Finland

100

Egypt

Swaziland

Saint Kitts and Nevis

France

100

Tunisia

Cape Verde

Costa Rica

Germany

100

Iraq

Rwanda

Ecuador

Hungary

100

Morocco

Senegal

Trinidad and Tobago

Iceland

100

Djibouti

Regional average

Zambia

Cuba

Israel

100

Yemen

Uganda

Argentina

Luxembourg

100

Pakistan

Cameroon

Belize

Malta

100

Afghanistan

Burundi

El Salvador

Monaco

100

Sudan

Zimbabwe

Netherlands

100

Somalia

Comoros

Suriname

Norway

100

Bahrain

…

Dominican Republic

Portugal

100

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

…

Slovakia

100

Lebanon

…

Slovenia

100

Oman

…

Saudi Arabia

…

Mali Central African Republic Regional average Gabon

Regional average

34 34

Mexico

87 87 85

Jamaica

Guatemala

Namibia

Guyana

Spain

100

Nigeria

Brazil

Sweden

100

Kenya

Colombia

Switzerland

100

United Kingdom

100 100

Congo

Honduras

Lesotho

Paraguay

Uzbekistan

Mauritania

Panama

Croatia

Australia

100

Sao Tome and Principe

Peru

Ireland

Cook Islands

100

United Republic of Tanzania

Nicaragua

Albania

Japan

100

Côte d'Ivoire

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

Czech Republic

Niue

100

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Haiti

Greece

Republic of Korea

100

…

Turkmenistan

Samoa

100

Singapore

100 96

Guinea-Bissau

Antigua and Barbuda

Guinea

Dominica

…

Kazakhstan

Liberia

Saint Lucia

…

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Malaysia

Mozambique

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

…

Estonia

Tonga

Eritrea

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

…

Georgia

Tuvalu

Ghana

Sierra Leone

Regional average

Ukraine

Philippines

Tajikistan

Viet Nam

Benin

Belarus

Ethiopia

Kyrgyzstan

Marshall Islands Regional average China

Togo

Montenegro

Lao People's Democratic Republic

Burkina Faso

Madagascar

Chad

Niger

Equatorial Guinea

…

Seychelles

…

MDG target 1990 Country trend

72 62 55 53

Thailand

Serbia

Vanuatu

Sri Lanka

Armenia

Mongolia

Myanmar

Bhutan

Bangladesh

Indonesia

Timor-Leste

Republic of Moldova

India

Latvia

Nepal

Romania

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

…

Regional average

Key

Maldives

Poland

Nauru

Turkey

Papua New Guinea

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Cambodia

Russian Federation

Brunei Darussalam

…

Fiji

…

Kiribati

…

Micronesia (Federated States of)

…

Azerbaijan

New Zealand

…

Italy

…

Palau

…

Lithuania

…

Solomon Islands

…

San Marino

…

2015 Latest available

This chart shows the percentage of the population using an improved sanitation facility, with countries within each WHO region sorted by 2008 level. The bold lines indicate trends since 1990 or since the first year for which data are available. The thin lines indicate the projected trend needed to double the proportion of people with sustainable access to basic sanitation by 2015. The MDG target is worded in terms of halving the proportion of people without sustainable access to basic sanitation by 2015. Further details can be found in Part II, Table 5.

Part II Global Health Indicators

Table 1

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Mortality and burden of disease This section deals with indicators of life expectancy and mortality rates, which provide good summary measures of overall population health. The indicators include overall life expectancy at birth, as well as infant and under-five mortality (the probability of dying between birth and 1 and 5 years of age, respectively), and adult mortality (the probability of dying between 15 and 60 years of age). Levels and trends for child mortality (Figure 8 and Box 1) are particularly relevant in understanding public health because globally almost 20% of all deaths are of children less than 5 years old. Neonatal mortality (death during the first 28 days of life per 1000 live births) accounts for a large proportion of child deaths in many countries, especially in low-income settings. Although estimates of life expectancy reflect how many years a person might be expected to live given the current mortality rates in specific settings, they say nothing about health status during life. Mortality statistics alone are insufficient in fully describing and comparing the health status of different populations because they underestimate the burden of ill-health caused by chronic conditions and provide no information on non-fatal health outcomes. “Healthy life expectancy” (HALE) at birth, on the other hand, represents the average number of years that a person could expect to live in “good health” by taking into account years lived in less than full health due to disease and/or injury. As a result, it captures both fatal and non-fatal health outcomes and disabilities, of which the most common worldwide are hearing loss, visual impairment and mental disorders. The estimates of mortality presented here have been derived wherever possible from death-registration data reported annually to WHO. For countries where such data are not available or are of poor quality, household surveys and censuses are used to create life tables from a model developed by WHO that generates estimates of mortality rates and life expectancy. In the case of child mortality, WHO is part of the Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (IGME) which was established to advance the work on monitoring the progress made towards the achievement of the MDG target,18 and works to harmonize the estimates used by its members. In addition, to develop its country estimates of HALE, WHO has conducted analyses of 135 causes of disability for 17 regions of the world and analysed 69 health surveys in 60 countries. WHO makes every effort to standardize the methods used to estimate and project indicators for all Member States using comparable data. This may lead to some differences compared with the official statistics prepared by individual Member States. It is also important to stress that these estimates are subject to considerable uncertainty, especially for countries with weak statistical and health information systems where the quality of underlying empirical data is limited. Estimates of HALE are more uncertain than estimates of life expectancy, as it is particularly difficult to ensure comparable measurements of disability across countries, and to correct for limitations in the data. In recognition of this, uncertainty intervals for WHO estimates of mortality and life expectancy will be made available in the Global Health Observatory. 18

MDG 4; Target 4.A: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-ﬁve mortality rate.

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Figure 8: Mortality rate in children under 5 years old by country-income group â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1990 and 2008

Low income

Lower middle income

Upper middle income

High income

320 300 280 260 240

Probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births

220 200 180 160 157 140 120 109 100 80 70 60 40

36 26

11 5

0 1990

2008

1990

2008

1990

Note: Solid horizontal lines indicate the median.

2008

1990

2008

Table 1

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Box 1: Trends in child mortality

In Figure 8, each circle represents a country (note that circles may overlap). From the data presented, three major conclusions emerge: In general, wealthier countries have far lower levels of child mortality than poorer ones â&#x20AC;&#x201C; in low-income countries, the median level of child mortality in 2008 was 109 deaths per 1000 live births, compared with 5 per 1000 in high-income countries, representing a more than 20-fold difference. Several low-income countries have achieved comparably low levels of child mortality â&#x20AC;&#x201C; with wide variation in levels of child mortality observed in most of the country-income groups. In low-income countries, child mortality in 2008 ranged from 14 to 257 per 1000 live births representing an 18-fold difference. Child mortality rates have fallen since 1990 in all country-income groups â&#x20AC;&#x201C; with the rate of decline generally faster in high-income and middle-income countries than in low-income countries. Median child mortality fell by almost 50% between 1990 and 2008 in lower middle-income countries, but by only 31% in low-income countries.

1. Mortality and burden of disease Life expectancy at birtha (years)

Member State

Male

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica C么te d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti

Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birthb (years)

Female

Both sexes

Male

1990

2000

2008

1990

2000

2008

1990

2000

2008

42 66 65 74 38 69 69 62 74 72 59 67 73 55 70 66 73 71 50 53 57 69 65 63 71 68 48 48 57 54 74 65 51 48 69 68 66 56 58 67 74 53 69 72 74 68 65 47 72 56

41 68 67 76 41 71 71 67 77 75 62 69 72 61 70 63 75 67 54 58 61 71 51 67 75 68 49 45 55 52 77 66 49 46 73 70 68 56 53 69 75 52 70 75 75 72 65 44 75 57

40 71 70 79 45 73 72 66 79 78 66 72 74 64 71 64 77 69 57 61 65 73 60 70 75 70 51 49 59 53 79 66 49 46 75 72 72 58 54 72 76 55 72 76 78 74 65 47 77 57

44 71 68 81 45 71 76 70 80 79 66 74 74 54 77 75 79 75 51 56 58 75 69 70 76 75 49 51 60 55 80 70 51 50 76 69 72 59 61 71 78 55 76 76 78 75 69 50 78 60

44 73 71 83 47 74 78 73 82 81 67 75 74 61 77 74 81 74 55 62 64 76 53 74 79 75 50 49 61 53 82 72 48 48 80 73 77 61 54 74 79 53 78 79 79 79 69 49 79 61

44 74 72 85 48 75 79 73 84 83 70 78 76 65 77 76 82 76 58 65 68 78 62 77 77 77 52 51 64 53 83 74 48 47 82 76 79 62 55 76 81 56 79 79 82 80 69 50 81 61

43 69 66 77 42 70 73 66 77 76 63 71 74 54 74 71 76 73 51 55 58 72 67 67 73 71 49 50 59 55 77 67 51 49 72 68 69 57 60 69 76 54 72 74 76 71 67 49 75 58

42 71 69 80 44 72 75 70 80 78 64 72 73 61 74 69 78 70 55 60 62 74 52 70 77 72 49 47 58 52 79 69 49 47 77 71 72 58 54 71 77 53 74 77 77 75 67 47 77 59

42 73 71 82 46 74 76 70 82 80 68 75 75 65 74 70 80 72 57 63 67 75 61 73 76 73 51 50 62 53 81 71 48 46 78 74 75 60 54 74 78 56 76 77 80 77 67 48 79 59

Female

Both sexes

2007 36 64 62 72 44 65 64 59 72 70 59 63 66 56 65 58 70 57 50 54 57 65 49 62 66 63 42 42 51 45 71 59 43 40 67 65 64 55 48 63 68 45 66 68 69 68 57 44 70 47

36 64 63 76 47 66 69 63 75 74 60 68 66 55 69 66 74 63 50 56 59 68 48 66 67 69 43 43 55 45 75 64 42 40 72 68 69 58 49 66 71 48 70 71 71 72 61 46 73 50

Neonatal mortality ratec (per 1000 live births) 2008

36 64 62 74 45 66 67 61 74 72 59 65 66 56 67 62 72 60 50 55 58 67 49 64 66 66 43 43 53 45 73 61 42 40 70 66 66 56 48 65 69 47 68 69 70 70 59 45 72 48

50 4 24 2 47 8 9 14 3 3 19 6 6 33 7 7 2 8 33 35 25 7 16 11 3 5 36 42 31 31 4 16 47 44 5 11 12 42 34 7 7 41 3 3 2 2 29 56 3 36

MDG 4 Infant mortality ratea (probability of dying by age 1 per 1000 live births) Male

Female

Adult mortality ratea (probability of dying between 15 and 60 years per 1000 population)

MDG 4 Under-ďŹ ve mortality ratea (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births) Both sexes

Male

Female

Table 1

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Both sexes

Male

Female

Both sexes

1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 175 39 57 8 161 27 27 51 9 9 87 19 13 110 18 24 9 38 117 99 93 23 39 51 11 16 114 125 94 99 8 59 120 127 20 31 32 99 69 12 21 115 12 13 12 13 43 133 9 108

172 22 44 4 148 21 19 34 6 5 64 14 11 71 13 18 5 27 94 73 70 16 56 31 6 15 106 118 88 99 6 40 123 130 10 25 25 90 76 17 13 106 7 8 5 5 43 133 6 95

172 13 39 3 136 14 14 22 5 4 36 9 9 45 9 13 4 18 81 58 48 15 26 20 5 10 95 112 76 89 6 29 118 132 8 15 19 83 82 16 10 89 6 5 4 3 43 133 4 86

160 36 48 6 147 22 21 45 7 7 68 14 14 97 12 17 7 32 104 84 83 19 38 40 8 12 106 102 76 84 6 39 112 112 16 43 22 80 64 20 17 93 9 9 10 9 41 119 6 82

158 19 38 4 134 12 15 30 5 4 50 12 10 63 13 13 4 19 84 62 63 12 54 25 6 12 98 96 71 84 5 26 115 114 9 35 17 73 71 12 10 85 6 5 5 4 41 119 4 72

158 12 33 3 124 8 11 19 4 3 28 9 10 40 12 10 3 15 72 49 43 10 26 16 6 8 89 92 62 75 5 19 111 116 7 21 13 67 77 11 9 72 3 5 3 2 41 119 3 66

168 37 52 7 154 25 24 48 8 8 78 17 14 103 15 20 8 35 111 91 88 21 39 46 9 14 110 113 85 92 7 49 116 120 18 37 28 90 67 16 19 104 10 11 11 11 42 126 7 95

165 21 41 4 141 17 17 32 5 5 58 13 10 67 13 15 5 23 89 68 67 14 55 28 6 14 102 107 80 91 5 33 119 122 9 30 21 81 74 15 12 96 7 6 5 4 42 126 5 84

165 13 36 3 130 11 13 21 4 4 32 9 10 43 10 11 4 17 76 54 46 13 26 18 5 9 92 102 69 82 5 24 115 124 7 18 16 75 80 14 10 81 4 5 4 3 42 126 4 76

262 48 69 9 276 32 31 63 10 10 109 28 16 153 20 27 11 46 189 158 124 26 52 62 12 20 203 203 126 155 9 74 177 206 24 39 41 138 108 15 25 157 14 15 13 14 57 210 10 137

258 26 52 5 253 23 22 40 7 6 77 22 14 93 14 20 7 30 148 113 87 20 84 37 8 18 189 190 115 154 7 48 180 210 12 31 30 123 121 19 15 144 8 10 7 6 57 210 6 119

258 15 45 4 234 16 17 26 6 5 41 13 12 56 9 14 5 21 124 87 55 17 32 24 6 11 170 179 97 137 7 34 173 214 10 18 23 114 132 18 12 119 7 7 4 4 57 210 5 106

258 44 58 8 243 26 25 49 8 9 85 21 17 146 15 20 8 39 180 137 120 21 48 50 11 15 200 176 107 142 7 52 178 197 19 52 29 117 99 21 20 143 10 11 11 11 53 187 8 108

256 22 43 4 224 15 18 31 6 5 60 18 11 89 15 15 5 24 141 98 84 14 78 31 8 15 186 165 97 140 5 34 181 201 10 41 22 104 111 14 12 131 7 7 6 5 53 187 5 94

256 13 37 3 206 9 14 20 5 4 31 13 12 53 13 11 4 18 118 75 53 12 30 19 7 10 167 155 82 125 6 24 174 204 8 24 16 96 121 13 10 109 4 6 4 3 53 187 4 83

260 46 64 9 260 29 28 56 9 10 98 25 16 149 17 24 10 43 184 148 122 23 50 56 11 18 201 189 117 149 8 63 178 201 22 46 35 128 104 18 22 150 12 13 12 12 55 199 9 123

257 24 48 5 238 19 20 36 6 6 69 20 13 91 14 17 6 27 144 106 86 17 81 34 8 16 187 178 106 147 6 41 181 205 11 36 26 114 116 17 13 138 8 8 6 5 55 199 6 106

257 14 41 4 220 12 15 23 5 4 36 13 12 54 11 13 5 19 121 81 54 15 31 22 7 11 169 168 89 131 6 29 173 209 9 21 20 105 127 15 11 114 5 6 4 4 55 199 4 95

485 158 198 143 579 192 198 279 124 153 285 262 105 305 188 282 139 161 377 337 296 181 234 272 151 216 418 409 306 334 132 253 364 401 196 193 254 313 296 252 129 340 223 155 110 230 227 419 152 311

526 157 175 125 531 203 176 210 97 126 259 245 115 251 187 354 130 251 337 284 259 170 576 239 113 222 430 542 382 400 100 284 434 448 137 160 228 319 439 178 124 406 187 140 107 172 227 503 122 316

543 141 144 99 460 192 160 240 81 99 228 206 116 247 168 330 110 223 312 256 230 147 419 210 106 214 388 425 294 405 87 274 448 465 116 140 162 286 389 133 124 367 163 122 84 143 229 443 112 335

384 104 165 60 386 137 102 135 66 74 165 147 107 333 109 107 75 101 340 302 271 86 158 150 112 97 362 351 248 309 71 144 345 351 98 148 140 265 246 154 86 312 89 111 61 95 161 351 99 250

389 103 131 50 385 160 92 96 55 63 157 145 89 258 106 125 68 152 324 234 212 85 528 126 85 97 382 456 255 381 61 163 441 392 69 106 97 247 416 116 75 388 74 90 56 76 161 383 77 250

398 91 119 44 383 160 86 101 46 50 138 127 82 230 108 111 61 129 291 197 163 68 394 106 80 91 361 401 216 403 53 115 467 429 60 84 75 231 374 89 68 354 65 81 39 65 161 373 67 283

439 133 181 102 489 164 150 207 96 114 225 205 106 319 146 194 107 132 355 321 283 134 194 212 133 158 387 377 272 321 102 189 353 375 147 172 197 289 271 206 108 329 158 133 86 163 193 384 126 280

465 130 153 88 460 181 135 149 77 95 208 195 105 254 146 242 100 203 329 261 235 127 550 183 101 160 403 496 315 390 81 213 437 420 103 135 163 284 426 148 100 399 132 115 82 124 194 444 100 283

479 116 132 72 421 176 123 165 63 75 182 166 103 238 138 221 86 178 301 229 196 107 404 158 94 153 372 411 253 403 70 185 457 446 88 113 118 258 381 112 97 361 115 102 61 105 196 407 90 309

1. Mortality and burden of disease Life expectancy at birtha (years)

Member State

Male

Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg

Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birthb (years)

Female

Both sexes

Male

1990

2000

2008

1990

2000

2008

1990

2000

2008

71 68 64 61 59 48 28 65 46 63 71 73 59 53 65 72 57 75 64 61 44 42 56 53 65 65 75 57 60 60 64 72 75 74 72 76 66 61 58 62 72 61 51 64 63 59 29 67 66 72

72 72 67 66 67 51 58 65 51 65 74 75 58 55 68 75 57 76 66 64 48 44 59 56 64 68 78 60 64 65 64 74 77 76 71 78 69 58 50 64 75 62 58 65 68 46 49 69 67 75

72 71 70 68 68 53 63 69 57 67 76 78 58 58 67 77 60 78 67 65 53 47 62 60 67 70 80 63 66 70 59 78 79 79 69 79 70 59 53 65 78 62 61 66 70 44 53 71 66 77

75 70 69 64 70 50 51 75 50 69 79 81 64 55 72 78 60 79 66 65 48 48 66 55 69 74 81 58 62 66 69 78 78 80 74 82 70 70 62 64 75 68 53 75 69 62 46 71 76 79

76 74 73 69 74 52 63 76 54 71 81 83 63 58 74 81 60 81 69 70 52 50 70 60 71 76 82 62 66 70 69 79 81 82 74 85 73 68 53 68 76 69 60 76 73 54 52 74 77 81

77 74 76 71 76 54 67 79 60 73 83 85 62 61 76 83 64 83 70 72 55 51 68 64 73 78 83 66 69 75 69 82 83 84 74 86 74 70 55 70 79 69 63 77 74 49 55 76 78 83

73 69 67 62 64 49 36 70 48 66 75 77 62 54 69 75 58 77 65 63 46 45 61 54 67 69 78 58 61 63 66 75 77 77 73 79 68 65 60 63 73 65 52 70 66 61 36 69 71 75

74 73 70 67 70 51 61 71 53 68 78 79 60 57 71 78 58 78 67 67 50 47 64 58 67 72 80 61 65 67 67 76 79 79 72 81 71 63 51 66 76 65 59 71 70 50 50 71 72 78

74 73 73 69 72 53 65 74 58 70 80 81 60 59 72 80 62 80 69 69 54 49 65 62 70 74 82 64 67 72 63 80 81 82 72 83 72 64 54 67 78 66 62 71 72 47 54 73 72 80

Female

Both sexes

2007 65 62 63 59 58 45 54 61 49 60 70 71 50 50 62 71 49 71 61 58 46 40 52 53 61 62 73 56 60 60 50 71 72 73 62 73 62 53 47 56 69 55 53 59 60 38 47 63 58 71

67 64 66 62 63 46 56 71 51 64 75 76 53 53 67 75 50 74 62 62 48 43 55 55 64 69 75 57 61 62 58 74 74 76 66 78 64 60 48 60 69 59 54 68 64 41 49 66 68 75

Neonatal mortality ratec (per 1000 live births) 2008

66 63 64 60 61 46 55 66 50 62 72 73 52 51 64 73 50 72 61 60 47 42 53 54 62 66 74 56 60 61 54 73 73 74 64 76 63 56 48 58 69 57 54 64 62 40 48 64 63 73

8 19 11 13 8 40 17 3 39 8 2 2 28 34 20 3 30 2 13 11 43 45 23 25 15 4 1 37 19 19 25 3 2 2 9 1 13 17 33 17 6 18 20 5 8 37 44 9 3 1

MDG 4 Infant mortality ratea (probability of dying by age 1 per 1000 live births) Male

Female

Adult mortality ratea (probability of dying between 15 and 60 years per 1000 population)

MDG 4 Under-ďŹ ve mortality ratea (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births) Both sexes

Male

Female

Table 1

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Both sexes

Male

Female

Both sexes

1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 18 51 47 70 52 128 103 14 140 21 6 8 80 111 44 8 79 10 27 59 152 157 82 112 47 17 6 82 62 62 45 9 11 9 30 5 31 58 75 68 13 68 122 16 36 85 154 33 11 9

16 34 32 40 30 108 65 10 103 18 4 5 76 100 33 5 74 7 21 39 124 142 68 84 36 10 3 67 43 43 41 7 6 5 29 4 23 43 90 52 10 48 71 12 22 88 125 22 8 4

10 29 24 21 17 95 46 6 78 17 3 4 68 85 29 4 54 3 16 29 100 129 59 58 28 6 2 52 34 31 38 5 4 4 28 3 17 30 89 41 10 36 53 7 13 67 106 15 5 2

12 45 35 60 44 111 81 10 108 17 6 6 53 96 37 6 71 9 39 56 121 127 46 96 39 13 5 84 51 47 39 8 9 7 25 4 31 44 60 62 12 57 94 11 30 75 138 33 10 7

13 30 24 35 25 95 51 7 79 14 3 4 51 87 28 4 67 5 14 37 98 115 38 72 30 9 2 69 35 33 35 5 5 4 25 3 23 33 72 45 7 40 55 9 19 77 112 22 9 4

8 25 18 18 14 84 36 4 60 14 2 3 45 74 24 3 48 2 10 28 80 104 33 50 23 5 1 53 28 23 33 4 3 3 24 2 17 23 71 35 9 30 41 8 11 59 95 15 5 2

15 48 41 66 48 120 92 12 124 19 6 7 67 104 41 7 75 9 33 58 137 142 64 105 43 15 5 83 56 55 42 8 10 8 28 5 31 51 68 65 13 63 108 14 33 80 146 33 10 8

15 32 28 38 28 102 58 9 91 16 4 4 64 93 31 4 71 6 18 38 111 129 54 78 33 9 3 68 40 38 38 6 6 5 27 3 23 38 81 49 9 44 64 11 21 83 118 22 8 4

9 27 21 20 16 90 41 5 69 16 3 3 57 80 26 4 51 3 13 29 90 117 46 54 26 6 2 52 31 27 36 4 4 3 26 3 17 27 81 38 9 33 48 8 12 63 100 15 5 2

21 67 58 94 68 205 162 18 225 25 7 10 103 163 51 10 125 11 37 76 246 264 115 157 58 19 7 109 93 82 58 11 13 10 35 7 37 69 113 93 16 80 166 20 45 108 230 38 15 11

18 42 37 49 37 174 96 13 159 19 5 6 98 140 38 6 117 8 24 47 198 240 94 113 42 12 4 88 61 54 52 8 8 6 34 5 27 51 138 64 13 55 91 15 27 116 183 24 11 6

11 35 27 24 20 152 63 7 117 20 4 5 86 113 32 5 81 4 18 34 156 215 80 75 32 7 3 65 44 37 49 5 5 4 32 4 19 35 138 49 11 41 65 9 15 84 152 17 7 3

14 57 48 85 56 190 137 14 193 19 7 8 80 142 42 8 111 10 44 78 214 215 59 145 52 15 6 124 77 63 48 9 11 8 32 6 38 51 96 84 14 69 148 15 35 95 207 38 12 8

15 36 31 44 30 162 81 9 137 17 4 5 76 122 31 5 104 6 16 48 172 196 48 105 38 10 3 100 51 41 43 6 6 5 30 4 28 38 117 62 10 47 81 11 21 102 164 24 11 5

9 30 23 22 16 143 53 5 100 15 3 3 67 98 27 4 71 3 12 35 135 175 41 69 29 6 3 73 37 28 42 4 4 4 29 3 20 26 117 47 10 35 58 9 12 74 137 17 6 3

18 62 53 89 62 198 150 16 210 22 7 9 92 153 47 9 118 11 40 77 231 240 87 151 55 17 6 116 86 73 53 10 12 9 33 6 38 60 105 89 15 75 157 17 40 101 218 38 13 10

17 39 34 47 33 168 89 11 148 18 4 5 87 131 35 5 111 7 20 47 185 218 72 109 40 11 3 94 56 48 48 7 7 5 32 5 27 44 128 63 11 51 86 13 24 109 174 24 11 5

10 33 25 23 18 147 58 6 109 18 3 4 77 106 30 4 76 3 15 34 146 195 61 72 31 7 3 69 41 32 45 5 5 4 31 3 20 30 128 48 11 38 61 9 13 79 144 17 7 3

194 180 254 238 373 403 920 301 430 326 183 162 276 343 242 157 297 117 285 286 461 489 385 337 229 304 112 302 286 291 254 133 107 129 136 109 241 318 302 246 116 290 386 311 291 279 861 209 287 160

189 164 228 220 277 392 321 318 406 292 143 138 334 320 195 124 322 116 266 292 418 460 357 351 273 271 92 289 248 238 244 120 103 101 182 98 195 422 488 284 86 326 345 320 208 627 422 189 293 121

209 188 207 222 301 366 266 249 329 249 129 119 353 300 232 101 298 105 245 302 352 436 291 306 227 233 66 250 226 152 377 90 87 80 220 87 179 432 382 321 68 343 317 311 191 758 353 170 314 101

145 153 173 182 164 349 430 107 348 213 70 67 204 311 110 77 255 56 237 198 359 358 223 315 159 133 69 243 266 208 171 81 71 60 118 53 166 150 231 226 86 156 354 118 193 228 445 136 107 79

116 124 141 158 136 375 229 120 352 183 63 61 248 279 79 63 268 48 227 178 350 358 210 272 151 114 57 220 217 148 169 70 55 51 132 48 123 194 439 191 62 170 312 117 142 437 359 112 103 67

119 127 121 151 136 356 197 84 286 156 57 55 301 253 85 54 247 44 209 159 320 370 226 229 129 101 46 173 185 95 179 56 46 42 130 43 116 186 364 175 51 184 288 115 131 633 328 97 114 56

169 167 214 210 270 375 774 204 389 272 128 115 240 327 175 118 276 86 260 243 410 426 304 326 195 219 91 274 275 252 212 108 89 95 127 81 205 235 267 237 105 224 369 215 241 251 717 178 196 121

152 144 185 190 203 383 272 218 379 240 104 100 292 299 135 94 295 82 246 234 384 410 281 311 214 193 75 256 232 194 207 96 79 76 157 73 161 308 463 240 78 250 328 218 174 521 390 156 197 95

164 158 165 187 214 361 228 165 307 204 94 87 327 276 157 78 273 75 228 228 336 403 261 267 179 167 56 213 206 124 285 73 66 61 175 65 149 310 371 251 61 264 302 213 160 685 340 138 215 79

1. Mortality and burden of disease Life expectancy at birtha (years)

Member State

Male

Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia

Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birthb (years)

Female

Both sexes

Male

1990

2000

2008

1990

2000

2008

1990

2000

2008

52 45 68 58 43 74 59 56 66 68 64 74 59 73 63 39 56 62 57 54 74 72 63 37 45 67 73 68 58 64 72 57 71 67 62 67 71 75 68 64 67 64 48 65 69 68 62 76 59 66

56 46 69 67 46 76 58 57 68 72 66 76 60 72 67 48 56 57 56 59 76 76 70 45 47 66 76 71 61 67 73 60 71 70 66 70 73 76 72 64 68 59 43 69 71 67 65 78 60 69

58 52 71 73 48 78 58 56 69 73 68 78 64 72 70 51 53 61 57 63 78 78 71 51 49 64 78 72 63 68 74 61 71 74 67 71 76 76 76 65 70 62 56 70 71 66 66 81 60 69

53 48 73 55 46 78 65 58 73 74 67 81 66 79 68 45 60 67 63 54 80 78 73 41 47 74 80 73 59 75 75 61 76 71 68 75 77 75 76 71 73 74 52 71 74 74 64 82 62 71

58 48 74 67 48 80 60 59 75 77 68 84 70 77 72 49 62 63 62 60 81 81 76 47 48 77 81 76 62 74 78 63 76 74 73 78 80 76 80 71 75 72 47 73 77 73 70 84 62 75

61 54 76 75 50 82 60 59 77 78 70 85 73 76 75 51 56 66 63 64 82 83 77 53 49 79 83 77 64 77 79 64 77 77 74 80 83 76 83 73 77 74 59 76 78 76 70 84 62 75

52 47 71 57 44 76 62 57 69 71 66 77 63 76 65 42 58 65 60 54 77 75 68 39 46 70 77 70 58 69 73 59 73 69 65 71 74 75 72 68 70 69 50 68 71 71 63 79 61 68

57 47 72 67 47 78 59 58 71 74 67 80 65 74 70 48 59 60 59 60 78 79 73 46 47 71 79 73 61 70 76 61 74 72 70 74 77 76 76 68 71 65 45 71 74 70 67 81 61 71

60 53 73 74 49 80 59 58 73 76 69 82 68 74 72 51 54 63 60 63 80 81 74 52 49 71 81 74 63 72 76 62 74 76 70 76 79 76 80 69 73 68 58 73 75 71 68 83 61 72

Female

Both sexes

2007 51 43 62 64 41 71 52 49 61 65 61 71 55 65 61 42 48 52 53 55 72 72 63 44 42 56 72 64 56 62 65 55 63 66 59 64 69 68 68 58 63 55 43 62 64 60 60 74 52 61

53 44 66 64 43 74 53 52 65 69 62 76 62 66 63 42 52 53 57 55 74 74 66 45 42 68 74 67 55 67 68 57 66 67 64 70 73 66 74 63 68 65 44 67 69 66 63 76 54 64

Neonatal mortality ratec (per 1000 live births) 2008

52 44 64 64 42 72 52 51 63 67 62 73 58 65 62 42 50 52 55 55 73 73 64 44 42 62 73 65 55 64 67 56 64 67 62 67 71 67 71 61 65 60 43 64 66 63 61 75 53 62

35 29 3 16 52 2 15 45 9 7 15 2 14 5 23 43 48 18 33 31 3 4 13 34 49 30 2 7 53 7 10 26 15 13 15 4 2 4 2 8 6 6 35 11 12 10 11 0 32 12

MDG 4 Infant mortality ratea (probability of dying by age 1 per 1000 live births) Male

Female

Adult mortality ratea (probability of dying between 15 and 60 years per 1000 population)

MDG 4 Under-ďŹ ve mortality ratea (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births) Both sexes

Male

Female

Table 1

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Both sexes

Male

Female

Both sexes

1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 110 139 17 82 147 12 40 86 23 40 45 8 84 12 79 171 96 57 7 98 8 10 58 148 128 8 8 24 105 22 26 69 39 71 49 17 13 20 8 37 26 19 114 28 20 21 42 12 69 37

89 105 10 44 127 7 33 82 20 24 38 5 58 14 53 128 86 60 38 63 6 7 39 110 114 18 4 14 89 18 23 61 32 40 32 9 7 13 6 25 21 18 121 15 15 21 43 6 68 21

74 68 7 27 109 7 30 80 17 17 32 4 40 8 37 93 85 37 34 41 4 5 26 81 102 36 3 11 75 15 22 56 27 24 30 6 3 7 5 18 13 10 77 16 13 15 35 2 67 19

93 126 14 77 130 8 38 75 18 32 45 6 58 12 57 161 74 40 9 99 6 7 44 140 112 55 6 22 96 14 23 64 29 56 35 14 10 15 8 24 21 14 98 16 14 19 38 16 61 33

76 95 8 42 112 5 31 71 12 20 37 4 40 11 39 120 67 42 44 63 5 6 29 104 100 17 3 13 81 9 20 53 24 32 24 7 5 12 6 16 17 13 104 22 13 17 10 4 60 19

62 61 5 21 96 7 29 69 11 14 32 3 27 8 27 88 66 26 39 41 4 4 20 76 89 6 2 10 69 11 17 49 21 19 22 5 3 6 4 12 10 8 66 11 13 8 8 1 60 18

101 133 16 79 139 10 39 81 21 36 45 7 71 12 68 166 85 49 8 99 7 9 51 144 120 31 7 23 101 18 24 67 34 64 42 16 11 18 8 30 23 17 106 22 17 20 40 14 65 35

83 100 9 43 120 6 32 77 16 22 38 5 49 13 46 124 77 51 41 63 5 6 34 107 107 17 4 13 85 14 21 57 28 36 28 8 6 13 6 21 19 16 112 18 14 19 28 5 64 20

68 65 6 24 102 7 30 75 14 15 32 3 33 8 32 90 76 31 36 41 4 5 23 79 96 22 3 10 72 13 19 53 24 22 26 6 3 7 5 15 11 9 72 14 13 12 22 1 64 18

174 236 19 113 258 13 49 136 27 49 58 9 114 14 97 252 133 83 8 144 10 13 74 310 235 8 10 32 130 25 33 95 47 90 71 20 16 24 9 45 34 24 188 32 25 26 51 12 104 47

138 170 11 57 225 8 39 128 22 29 47 6 73 15 60 185 119 89 48 86 7 9 46 230 212 23 5 17 108 19 27 81 38 46 42 10 9 15 7 30 24 22 202 16 17 26 47 6 102 25

111 105 7 30 200 7 36 124 19 19 39 5 47 10 40 131 133 48 43 52 5 7 30 169 190 46 4 12 89 18 26 73 32 27 38 8 4 9 5 21 15 12 122 17 15 17 37 3 101 23

159 212 16 110 241 9 48 122 20 41 57 7 82 14 79 246 106 60 9 140 8 9 61 300 225 55 7 30 130 17 28 88 37 72 50 16 12 19 8 28 27 18 159 20 18 24 49 18 97 39

126 153 9 53 210 6 38 115 14 23 46 5 53 12 49 180 95 65 54 84 6 7 38 223 202 21 4 16 108 13 25 72 30 37 30 8 7 14 6 19 20 17 170 26 15 20 18 4 95 21

101 94 6 25 187 7 35 111 13 16 39 4 34 8 33 128 111 35 47 51 4 5 24 164 182 7 3 11 89 11 20 65 25 21 27 6 3 8 5 13 11 10 103 14 15 9 14 1 94 19

167 224 18 111 250 11 48 129 23 45 58 8 98 14 88 249 120 72 9 142 9 11 67 305 230 31 9 31 130 21 30 91 42 81 61 18 14 21 9 37 31 21 174 26 21 25 50 15 101 43

132 162 10 55 217 7 39 122 18 26 47 5 63 14 54 183 107 77 51 85 6 8 42 227 207 22 5 17 108 16 26 77 34 41 36 9 8 15 6 24 22 20 186 21 16 23 34 5 99 23

106 100 6 28 194 7 36 118 16 17 39 4 41 9 36 130 122 42 45 51 5 6 27 167 186 28 3 12 89 15 23 69 28 24 32 7 4 8 5 17 13 11 112 15 15 13 26 2 97 21

357 445 209 281 480 107 385 310 263 215 230 155 264 164 195 575 310 255 567 352 116 143 272 572 445 209 128 203 265 289 146 347 138 165 281 263 176 94 236 285 239 318 441 272 204 217 295 80 275 217

313 542 198 182 438 90 436 304 222 172 219 136 309 179 164 457 333 383 463 306 100 105 191 443 444 261 107 171 230 253 139 310 158 161 241 216 155 80 163 310 237 445 585 214 205 259 235 74 272 191

286 498 177 100 412 77 427 318 214 154 187 118 291 173 147 485 368 356 448 281 78 88 209 374 424 255 81 155 216 232 140 292 170 118 227 205 128 77 108 312 220 396 330 180 193 305 235 59 271 186

329 357 128 346 374 62 329 274 121 120 195 67 194 73 133 389 247 174 399 350 67 93 136 413 366 75 65 122 235 112 101 278 99 123 167 102 80 82 102 155 114 117 381 193 147 140 268 40 232 139

281 492 112 161 369 54 368 263 121 99 183 61 189 98 106 415 238 286 313 296 67 67 121 365 394 90 61 96 205 140 85 252 103 119 129 86 66 77 62 155 106 161 516 134 117 165 203 39 229 106

240 468 97 72 365 44 384 262 104 89 156 53 145 90 88 458 304 290 303 273 57 57 123 340 399 89 53 84 190 112 83 235 105 95 117 77 52 53 43 141 90 147 281 95 94 169 203 48 227 103

343 400 170 312 427 84 359 290 193 168 213 112 229 118 164 480 278 213 495 351 92 118 206 497 405 147 97 169 251 210 124 317 119 144 226 184 127 90 171 218 177 218 408 233 175 179 282 60 253 187

297 517 157 172 401 72 403 282 172 136 201 99 250 140 135 435 286 332 395 301 84 86 156 408 419 182 85 143 218 199 112 283 132 140 187 152 111 78 113 232 173 309 547 174 161 214 220 57 249 156

263 481 139 86 386 61 405 290 160 121 172 86 219 131 118 470 336 320 381 277 68 72 165 359 411 178 67 129 204 175 112 264 139 106 174 142 90 72 76 227 156 273 303 138 144 242 220 53 247 154

1. Mortality and burden of disease Life expectancy at birtha (years)

Member State

Male

Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birthb (years)

Female

Both sexes

Male

Female

Neonatal mortality ratec (per 1000 live births)

Both sexes

1990

2000

2008

1990

2000

2008

1990

2000

2008

54 69 64 38 73 67 70 66 44 59 73 61 58 64 61 75 74 65 60 65 70

55 69 67 37 76 69 72 67 47 55 76 62 57 66 51 77 77 69 62 63 69

58 71 68 48 79 71 75 68 47 52 78 63 57 68 48 79 80 70 66 66 72

55 75 76 44 77 76 78 69 49 68 80 71 57 69 64 80 81 70 65 71 74

58 74 76 45 81 77 80 71 49 61 83 73 57 72 54 82 83 74 65 72 75

61 76 76 50 83 79 82 71 49 55 84 76 58 75 48 83 84 75 69 74 76

54 72 69 41 75 71 74 68 46 63 77 66 57 66 63 78 77 67 63 68 72

57 72 72 41 78 73 76 69 48 58 79 67 57 69 53 80 80 71 64 68 72

59 74 72 49 81 75 79 70 48 53 81 69 57 71 48 81 82 72 67 70 74

50 64 60 34 71 64 69 59 44 47 71 61 50 58 42 72 73 62 58 59 65

52 66 65 37 75 70 74 60 46 48 76 65 50 64 42 75 76 65 57 65 66

51 65 63 35 73 67 71 59 45 48 74 63 50 61 42 74 75 63 57 62 66

34 5 7 45 1 3 2 14 61 20 2 9 41 12 18 2 3 8 22 10 7

48 52 64 66 69 62 58 61 45 65 72 73 51 72 69 63 65 70 64 56 50 58

55 54 67 65 71 67 59 63 44 62 75 75 49 74 71 63 67 71 68 60 42 42

59 56 71 66 73 72 60 64 51 62 77 78 52 76 72 66 68 71 70 63 47 42

53 57 73 71 72 67 65 63 49 75 75 78 52 79 76 69 67 74 68 58 54 65

60 59 71 73 75 73 65 63 46 73 78 80 49 80 79 68 70 77 72 62 45 45

64 61 70 73 77 77 67 63 53 74 80 82 53 81 79 71 70 78 75 66 49 42

50 55 68 69 70 65 62 62 47 70 73 76 52 75 72 66 66 72 66 57 52 61

57 56 69 69 73 70 62 63 45 68 76 78 49 77 75 66 68 74 70 61 43 44

62 59 71 70 75 74 63 64 52 68 78 80 53 78 75 68 69 75 73 64 48 42

52 49 64 59 65 64 53 58 41 55 68 71 45 68 64 58 61 64 62 53 39 40

55 52 62 64 67 67 57 58 44 64 68 73 45 72 70 60 62 68 66 55 40 38

53 51 63 62 66 66 55 58 42 60 68 72 45 70 67 59 61 66 64 54 40 39

43 33 9 24 12 14 21 14 31 8 5 3 33 4 8 20 13 10 9 32 36 28

2007

2008

MDG 4 Infant mortality ratea (probability of dying by age 1 per 1000 live births) Male

Female

Adult mortality ratea (probability of dying between 15 and 60 years per 1000 population)

MDG 4 Under-ďŹ ve mortality ratea (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births) Both sexes

Male

Female

Table 1

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Both sexes

Male

Female

Both sexes

1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 80 24 19 178 8 14 10 32 121 49 8 26 75 48 65 7 7 36 106 30 33

73 13 10 165 3 10 6 31 121 59 5 20 70 37 87 4 5 23 87 19 18

63 7 10 135 3 7 3 30 121 54 4 15 67 28 62 2 4 17 63 14 12

64 22 11 148 7 10 7 31 117 38 7 20 81 39 59 5 6 24 76 22 30

58 9 13 137 2 7 4 30 117 45 4 15 76 29 79 3 4 15 63 15 16

50 6 9 112 2 5 2 29 117 42 3 12 72 21 56 2 4 11 45 11 9

72 23 15 163 7 12 8 31 119 44 7 23 78 44 62 6 7 30 91 26 32

66 11 12 151 3 8 5 30 119 52 4 17 73 33 83 3 5 19 75 17 17

57 7 10 123 2 6 2 30 119 48 4 13 70 25 59 2 4 14 54 13 10

158 28 21 296 10 16 12 37 197 63 10 33 116 54 86 8 9 44 136 36 37

139 15 13 268 4 12 6 36 197 83 6 24 108 41 127 5 6 27 109 22 20

114 8 12 206 3 8 4 35 197 76 5 19 103 31 86 3 5 20 74 16 13

140 25 12 260 8 12 8 39 203 48 8 24 131 48 81 6 8 29 97 27 35

123 11 14 236 4 8 5 38 203 62 5 18 122 35 120 3 5 17 78 18 18

102 7 11 181 2 6 2 37 203 58 4 15 115 24 81 3 4 13 53 12 10

149 26 17 278 9 14 10 38 200 56 9 29 124 51 84 7 9 37 117 32 36

131 13 14 252 4 10 6 37 200 73 6 21 115 38 124 4 6 22 94 20 19

108 8 11 194 3 7 3 36 200 67 4 17 109 27 83 3 5 16 64 14 11

337 184 317 545 152 269 207 225 524 346 146 361 288 265 257 114 126 248 217 259 153

322 209 248 637 97 215 167 205 443 452 122 341 336 241 485 87 99 194 218 328 195

293 183 232 422 82 195 132 182 459 563 102 315 335 218 631 76 76 179 185 276 151

307 94 127 385 93 103 81 174 369 191 60 156 288 175 205 66 62 187 180 147 87

281 106 99 406 56 79 72 151 359 330 49 131 302 165 408 56 54 130 179 163 90

247 91 109 368 47 73 55 136 373 479 43 93 304 128 616 48 44 120 162 140 80

323 139 225 469 123 187 144 201 450 271 103 265 288 221 230 90 95 218 198 204 120

302 158 175 530 77 147 121 179 401 392 86 242 319 204 444 72 77 162 199 248 144

269 138 172 393 64 135 95 160 416 520 72 209 319 174 620 62 60 150 173 209 116

155 103 23 33 44 75 93 43 128 22 16 9 100 11 24 65 23 30 39 96 117 53

112 88 19 34 26 40 68 37 110 20 11 6 89 8 16 56 25 23 24 76 116 64

84 74 18 33 21 22 50 30 95 16 8 5 69 7 15 36 27 18 12 56 102 64

120 75 16 27 35 62 67 41 99 14 13 7 94 8 21 57 23 23 40 83 93 49

87 64 16 26 20 33 49 32 85 13 9 5 85 7 12 49 25 17 24 66 93 59

65 54 16 29 16 18 36 30 74 11 6 4 65 6 13 31 27 14 12 49 82 59

138 89 19 30 40 69 81 42 114 18 15 8 97 10 22 61 23 27 39 90 105 51

100 76 18 30 23 36 59 35 98 17 10 6 87 7 14 53 25 20 24 71 104 62

75 64 17 31 18 20 43 30 84 14 7 5 67 7 14 34 27 16 12 53 92 62

208 171 24 38 54 92 112 54 204 26 19 11 156 13 27 77 26 35 58 131 188 82

146 138 22 40 31 45 81 42 174 24 12 7 138 9 19 65 28 26 31 101 185 106

105 111 20 36 24 24 54 36 148 19 8 6 103 9 17 40 31 20 14 71 162 99

158 129 20 31 45 76 84 52 167 16 15 8 159 10 23 70 28 28 53 123 154 76

111 105 19 29 24 38 61 43 141 14 10 6 140 8 14 60 30 20 29 95 152 98

80 84 18 34 18 20 41 36 121 12 7 5 104 7 14 37 34 16 13 67 133 92

184 150 22 34 50 84 99 53 186 21 17 10 157 11 25 74 27 32 56 127 172 79

129 122 20 34 27 42 71 42 158 19 11 6 139 9 16 62 29 23 30 98 169 102

93 98 19 35 21 22 48 36 135 15 8 6 103 8 16 38 33 18 14 69 148 96

403 353 313 236 146 217 301 272 516 287 140 129 414 172 196 250 271 178 235 304 382 352

322 367 219 252 144 187 347 273 618 377 101 108 531 144 181 252 222 185 202 271 668 766

275 351 143 219 132 138 377 257 451 399 78 96 475 135 158 223 202 195 192 249 538 812

329 287 128 156 103 151 192 280 433 112 111 78 356 91 98 144 237 117 168 277 322 215

256 304 187 155 88 112 208 262 586 136 77 67 497 83 90 151 180 98 136 229 597 660

204 296 228 107 72 73 212 279 424 151 60 59 444 79 85 140 162 93 110 185 498 752

368 320 222 195 124 185 247 276 475 199 131 104 385 132 147 198 256 148 200 288 352 285

289 335 202 203 117 150 278 267 600 257 95 88 513 114 135 202 202 143 167 249 632 711

240 323 188 163 103 106 296 268 436 277 73 78 458 107 121 181 182 146 150 217 515 772

1. Mortality and burden of disease Life expectancy at birtha (years)

Member State

Male

Healthy life expectancy (HALE) at birthb (years)

Female

Both sexes

Male

Female

Neonatal mortality ratec (per 1000 live births)

Both sexes

1990

2000

2008

1990

2000

2008

1990

2000

2008

2007

2008

28 64 76

37 67 78

40 68 81

41 70 82

44 73 85

42 74 86

36 67 79

41 70 81

42 71 83

34 60 74

36 64 78

35 62 76

0 12 61

49 68 58 68 59 68

49 71 61 68 62 70

52 73 63 71 63 72

53 75 59 75 62 71

52 77 63 77 65 74

54 79 66 79 66 77

51 71 58 72 61 69

50 74 62 72 63 72

53 76 65 75 65 75

45 65 56 64 55 65

46 69 57 70 57 69

45 67 57 67 56 67

40 9 34 7 35 11

Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income

52 61 65 72

53 63 65 75

56 65 67 77

55 63 72 79

56 66 73 81

59 69 75 83

54 62 68 76

55 65 69 78

57 67 71 80

48 60 58 68

49 62 63 72

49 61 61 70

37 29 11 4

GLOBAL

RANGES OF COUNTRY VALUES Minimum Median Maximum

WHO REGION African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western PaciďŹ c Region

INCOME GROUP

MDG 4 Infant mortality ratea (probability of dying by age 1 per 1000 live births) Male

Female

Adult mortality ratea (probability of dying between 15 and 60 years per 1000 population)

MDG 4 Under-ďŹ ve mortality ratea (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births) Both sexes

Male

Female

Table 1

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Both sexes

Male

Female

Both sexes

1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008

5 39 178

3 31 172

2 22 172

4 36 161

2 25 158

1 18 158

5 37 168

3 28 165

1 21 165

7 49 310

4 37 268

3 26 258

6 45 300

3 30 256

1 20 256

6 46 305

3 34 257

2 23 257

80 262 920

74 239 766

59 223 812

40 154 445

39 142 660

39 127 752

60 206 774

57 197 711

53 175 772

116 36 81 30 82 32

105 24 64 20 69 25

91 17 49 13 60 17

99 29 79 24 72 41

90 20 62 16 62 32

79 14 47 10 54 20

108 33 80 27 77 36

98 22 63 18 66 28

85 15 48 12 57 18

191 45 110 36 108 42

173 29 84 24 91 32

149 20 61 15 79 20

174 37 116 29 102 50

157 24 90 19 89 38

136 17 66 12 78 23

182 41 113 32 105 46

165 27 87 22 90 34

142 18 63 14 78 21

417 206 299 215 267 190

453 179 283 229 243 160

412 162 252 208 231 142

325 116 248 97 215 137

389 101 219 98 188 102

374 90 183 90 172 83

371 162 274 157 242 165

421 140 252 165 217 132

392 126 218 149 203 113

108 63 41 11

95 55 29 7

81 45 21 6

93 64 32 9

82 55 23 6

70 44 17 5

101 64 37 10

88 55 26 7

76 44 19 6

165 88 50 13

143 76 35 9

123 61 25 8

150 94 40 11

130 81 28 7

112 65 20 6

158 91 45 12

137 78 32 8

118 63 23 7

364 254 261 155

374 235 276 129

333 210 251 113

299 198 128 77

318 172 134 67

287 144 129 61

331 227 195 117

345 205 206 98

310 178 191 87

246

236

213

173

163

146

210

200

180

Table 2

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Cause-speciﬁc mortality and morbidity This section brings together indicators on the level and distribution of specific causes of deaths grouped as follows: communicable, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional deficiencies; noncommunicable conditions; and injuries. Estimates are also provided of the distribution of causes of death among children under 5 years old. These include major communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, diarrhoea, malaria, measles and pneumonia, as well as conditions arising in the neonatal period such as prematurity, birth asphyxia, neonatal sepsis and congenital anomalies. The “years of life lost” (YLL) is a measure of premature mortality that takes into account both the frequency of deaths and the age at which death occurs. The distribution of YLL by broad cause differs significantly by countryincome group (Figure 9 and Box 2). The country-specific indictors presented in this section have been derived from a range of data sources on mortality, incidence and prevalence data. These include death-registration records; health-facility reports; household surveys; censuses; and special studies on deaths due to HIV and conflict. There are considerable uncertainty ranges for many countries due to limitations in data availability, quality and timeliness. Uncertainty in estimated all-cause mortality for 2008 ranges from ±1% for high-income countries to ±15–20% for sub-Saharan Africa, reflecting a large difference in data availability. Uncertainty ranges are generally larger for deaths from specific causes. For example, the relative uncertainty for deaths from ischaemic heart disease ranges from around ±12% for high-income countries to ±25–35% for sub-Saharan Africa. The section also includes estimates for key MDG-related indicators, including mortality due to maternal conditions, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. Estimating cause-specific mortality is difficult in developing countries where systems for counting deaths and accurately recording cause-of-death are weak or non-existent. These indicators are, therefore, associated with significant uncertainty – in the case of tuberculosis indicators the margins of uncertainty are provided. Estimating maternal mortality is also particularly challenging because few developing countries have robust sources of data. Reported figures are derived from different sources and are of variable quality in terms of completeness, timeliness, reliability and accuracy. WHO and its partners are working to develop revised estimates that will be available during the second half of 2010. In the meantime, country-reported figures and 2005 interagency estimates are provided, along with the estimated margins of uncertainty. Estimates of both disease incidence and prevalence are provided for tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. Incidence is the number of new cases each year, while prevalence is the number of people with the disease at a specific point in time. Because not all people with infection attend health facilities, household surveys are required to obtain the true number of cases. Such surveys, however, only provide reliable data if the condition is sufficiently common. Tuberculosis surveys require very large sample sizes and are rarely conducted. Therefore, estimates for many countries depend upon modelling which relies heavily on the notification rate for tuberculosis; as a result the uncertainty range associated with both its incidence and prevalence is large. In countries with generalized HIV/AIDS epidemics, prevalence estimates are derived from the testing of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics and, more recently, from population-based surveys which include HIV testing. In concentrated HIV/AIDS epidemics, estimates are largely based upon surveillance among populations with high-risk behaviours.

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Figure 9: Years of life lost (YLL) due to premature mortality by broad cause and country-income group – 200419

Low income

Middle income

High income

10% 22% 21%

28%

15% 8%

69%

234

50%

103

77%

Years of life lost (YLL) per 1000 population Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional deﬁciencies Noncommunicable conditions Injuries

Income categories for 2004 shown in Figure 9 are as deﬁned by the World Bank’s World development report 2004: Making services work for poor people. Washington, DC, World Bank and Oxford University Press, 2003. 60

Table 2

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Box 2: Years of life lost (YLL)

YLL take into account the age at which deaths occur by assigning greater statistical weight to deaths occurring at younger ages and lower statistical weight to deaths occurring at older ages. In Figure 9, the YLL due to each major group of causes are shown as a proportion of the total YLL lost due to all premature mortality in the population. Each income-level chart is proportional in size in terms of the absolute number of YLL per 1000 population. Three major conclusions emerge from the data: Low-income countries have the highest rates of premature mortality relative to their populations – total YLL per 1000 population are more than four times higher in low-income countries compared with highincome countries, and more than double the figure in middle-income countries. The distribution of YLL by cause differs significantly by country-income group – in low-income countries, over two thirds of YLL per 1000 population are due to communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions, and nutritional deficiencies. By contrast, these causes account for around one quarter of YLL per 1000 population in middle-income countries, and under 10% in high-income countries. In high-income and middle-income countries, noncommunicable conditions are the major contributors to YLL – these conditions account for over three quarters of YLL per 1000 population in the former and half the total in the latter. In low-income countries, noncommunicable conditions account for a smaller percentage (21%) of total YLL per 1000 population. Nonetheless, in absolute terms, YLL due to noncommunicable diseases are higher in low-income countries than high-income ones.

2. Cause-speciﬁc mortality and morbidity Mortality

TB among HIV-negative peoplee

2007

2006

2008

Afghanistan Albania

1 600 15

1 800 [730–3 200] 92 [26–300]

Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark

93 0 1 400 … 44 15 8 3 35 … 19 380 … 7 1 … 397 255 … … 193 77 16 7 307 615 461 669 9 42 1 355 … 18 34 75 380 781 0 … 543 7 47 11 6 97 549 14

180 … 1 400 … 77 76 4 4 82 16 32 570 16 18 8 52 840 440 290 3 380 110 13 11 700 1 100 540 1 000 7 210 980 1 500 16 45 130 400 740 … 30 810 7 45 10 4 370 1 100 3

[55–520] [560–2 600] [51–100] [23–250] [4–9] [4–7] [21–290] [16–33] [21–42] [380–760] [16–31] [18–35] [8–16] [52–100] [330–1 600] [160–970] [160–430] [3–6] [120–1 000] [74–150] [3–47] [11–22] [390–1 000] [480–1 900] [370–720] [670–1 400] [7–13] [68–530] [380–1 900] [930–2 000] [16–32] [30–60] [38–370] [150–840] [450–1 100] [30–60] [310–1 600] [7–15] [45–90] [10–20] [4–9] [110–1 200] [480–1 900] [3–6]

2004

Injuries

Malariad

2005

Noncommunicable

HIV/AIDSc

2000–2009

Distribution of years of life lost by broader causesf,h (%) Communicable

Interagency estimatesb

MDG 6

Country reported estimatesa

MDG 6

Age-standardized mortality rates by causef,g (per 100 000 population)

Injuries

Cause-speciﬁc mortality rate (per 100 000 population)

Noncommunicable

MDG 5 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births)

Communicable

Member State

2004

… …

0.5 …

34 [14–66] 1.4 [0.5–2.9]

961 52

1 309 752

97 58

77 12

18 71

5 16

<10 … 65 … 18 <10 <10 … <10 <100 … <10 <50 11 <10 <100 37 … <10 … 585 8 … … 62 129 48 210 <10 … 253 130 7 3 21 … 170 … <10 197 … <10 … … … … …

0.0 … 128 … 0.0 0.0 … … 0.0 … … 4.2 … … … 0.0k 146 3.0 0.2 … 1.6 0.5 … … 178 94 4.1 116 … 0.1 100 173 … 0.0k 1.0 36 124 … 0.0k 103 … … … … 0.0 158 …

4.1 0.3 25 0.1 3.1 12 0.4 0.5 21 0.7 2.8 50 0.0 5.2 0.5 5.1 15 15 22 3.4 38 3.8 4.2 5.8 51 69 79 16 0.3 33 41 60 0.8 12 4.6 8.0 42 4.0 0.7 75 1.6 0.4 0.3 0.6 39 77 0.4

[1.4–9.0]

218 25 1 287 97 88 75 21 18 173 167 62 413 97 31 28 158 700 376 290 27 1 379 139 37 32 900 1 127 660 883 22 257 1 034 963 46 86 87 360 758 152 39 1 135 32 49 34 22 317 1 094 21

565 373 1 071 674 515 1 064 355 409 856 509 678 730 531 854 437 677 835 708 765 670 594 625 473 733 924 919 832 840 374 591 868 910 458 627 483 713 716 570 439 946 578 437 412 559 642 921 495

60 29 206 45 46 44 32 38 27 76 37 100 38 150 44 118 82 99 74 41 111 78 29 42 110 200 73 96 33 66 173 117 46 73 150 61 99 35 54 250 49 50 27 52 62 207 38

43 7 81 17 18 13 6 4 37 36 12 61 22 5 5 33 78 57 54 6 84 30 16 5 82 80 67 78 6 53 78 82 10 20 22 66 79 29 14 74 5 9 9 4 40 81 4

42 80 11 70 67 79 78 82 57 45 68 27 66 71 81 41 16 30 34 83 10 50 65 87 12 11 25 15 79 31 13 12 71 59 34 25 13 58 64 14 84 75 78 83 49 10 85

15 12 8 12 15 7 16 13 6 19 20 12 12 24 15 26 6 13 11 11 7 20 20 8 6 9 8 7 15 16 9 6 19 21 44 9 8 13 22 12 12 16 14 14 11 9 11

[0.1–0.6] [9.9–51] [0.0–0.2] [1.2–6.5] [5.9–22] [0.2–0.7] [0.5–0.6] [11–38] [0.3–1.1] [1.2–4.9] [20–95] [0.0–0.1] [2.5–9.0] [0.2–0.9] [2.2–10] [6.3–30] [5.4–31] [9.4–43] [1.2–6.8] [14–84] [1.4–7.9] [1.9–7.1] [2.9–9.7] [18–98] [25–130] [33–150] [6.7–32] [0.1–0.5] [13–64] [17–79] [22–120] [0.3–1.7] [4.8–25] [2.0–9.3] [3.3–15] [18–83] [1.6–7.7] [0.2–1.5] [28–140] [0.7–2.8] [0.1–0.9] [0.2–0.6] [0.3–1.0] [17–75] [31–150] [0.2–0.8]

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 Morbidity

MDG 6 Incidence of tuberculosisj (per 100 000 population per year)

2000

Injuries

Other diseases

Congenital abnormalities

Neonatal sepsis

Birth asphyxia

Prematurity

Pneumonia

Malaria

Measles

Diarrhoea

HIV/AIDS

MDG 6 Prevalence of tuberculosisj (per 100 000 population)

2008 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 5 0 0 7 3 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

29 2 13 0 25 1 1 2 0 0 11 1 1 11 0 1 1 7 13 14 15 1 7 5 2 2 19 24 7 16 0 8 17 22 0 3 4 20 14 0 1 13 1 1 0 1 12 19 1

1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 20 9 1 19 0 0 14 19 0 0 0 0 24 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 17 0

26 18 19 5 20 7 7 17 2 1 22 9 1 14 2 4 1 11 19 24 18 14 12 9 1 21 21 17 28 18 1 14 20 19 6 17 12 22 16 15 5 17 4 11 4 5 20 20 1

5 14 22 20 6 48 30 26 22 25 22 12 24 17 37 10 14 18 10 14 16 24 23 23 15 17 6 7 11 8 27 24 9 6 25 15 19 16 11 15 23 12 20 10 23 14 21 10 34

5 7 13 8 6 7 5 10 9 9 10 14 7 18 16 6 8 9 6 11 13 10 11 10 7 9 5 7 10 6 12 12 7 6 5 17 7 9 6 0 9 9 7 7 6 13 12 7 9

4 1 6 1 5 1 6 2 1 0 5 9 1 16 5 2 2 4 2 7 8 1 4 7 2 2 3 6 8 4 2 5 4 3 3 2 7 6 4 0 6 6 5 9 1 3 7 4 0

2 22 8 34 2 20 25 17 24 32 7 19 43 4 13 30 32 15 3 4 5 24 10 15 36 18 2 2 2 2 24 9 2 1 35 10 17 3 3 19 30 3 36 24 35 23 6 3 31

25 26 17 23 23 11 20 22 33 25 21 25 14 16 17 30 31 20 19 22 22 19 27 26 24 25 21 21 29 18 27 19 18 19 21 25 25 22 15 31 22 14 20 31 22 29 19 17 20

4 11 2 10 3 5 7 4 8 7 2 11 10 2 6 17 10 11 2 4 3 7 5 5 13 6 3 4 3 2 6 3 1 1 6 11 7 2 2 20 3 1 6 8 9 12 2 2 4

470 11 15 18 360 8 33 85 4 13 160 17 43 520 0 44 10 11 130 200 210 18 300 52 98 15 410 520 1 000 270 3 300 440 510 5 210 47 99 270 3 4 620 28 7 1 9 720 650 9

[320–660] [3–25] [10–51] [9–29] [210–540] [5–12] [9–64] [42–140] [1–7] [6–22] [69–250] [7–29] [19–75] [350–740] [0–1] [11–84] [3–17] [8–39] [77–190] [55–400] [100–350] [12–65] [96–560] [20–93] [51–160] [8–39] [280–570] [340–750] [680–1 500] [180–390] [1–6] [190–440] [290–640] [340–720] [3–19] [140–310] [22–80] [62–150] [130–460] [2–8] [3–14] [420–880] [10–49] [3–13] [1–4] [2–17] [480–1 000] [420–950] [4–16]

2008 270 9 15 2 190 0 22 67 5 1 140 9 28 410 1 11 3 43 130 96 170 14 560 29 43 23 490 670 680 150 3 280 420 580 4 88 37 65 390 32 3 730 16 2 3 6 270 660 4

[150–430] [2–19] [10–59] [1–4] [53–370] [0–1] [5–45] [24–120] [2–8] [1–2] [71–230] [3–15] [7–58] [260–610] [1–2] [8–41] [1–8] [22–72] [81–210] [24–200] [88–290] [9–42] [300–920] [7–59] [15–78] [6–46] [340–680] [460–960] [400–1 100] [71–270] [1–5] [180–410] [260–640] [390–820] [2–12] [31–160] [16–64] [39–100] [200–650] [19–50] [2–11] [480–1 000] [5–30] [1–6] [1–6] [2–10] [110–480] [420–980] [1–7]

190 23 48 21 250 6 40 71 6 17 110 31 40 220 1 75 14 40 85 250 180 63 640 60 110 46 200 320 530 170 6 160 300 260 19 110 43 56 350 7 14 370 42 11 5 16 340 340 13

[150–230] [20–27] [38–57] [18–23] [200–300] [5–7] [32–49] [57–85] [5–7] [15–19] [88–130] [27–35] [32–48] [180–270] [1–2] [68–89] [13–16] [32–48] [68–100] [200–300] [150–220] [50–75] [540–770] [48–72] [92–120] [42–55] [160–240] [260–390] [420–640] [130–200] [5–7] [130–190] [240–360] [210–310] [16–23] [84–130] [34–52] [45–68] [300–420] [6–8] [11–16] [290–440] [36–47] [11–14] [4–6] [14–18] [280–410] [270–410] [11–14]

2008 190 16 58 5 290 1 30 73 7 0 110 16 46 220 1 43 9 40 92 160 140 51 710 46 65 43 220 360 490 190 5 150 340 290 11 97 36 40 390 20 11 410 25 6 6 9 340 380 7

[150–230] [14–19] [46–70] [5–6] [250–350] [1–2] [24–36] [58–87] [6–8] [0–0] [88–130] [14–18] [39–55] [180–270] [1–2] [35–52] [8–10] [32–48] [73–110] [140–200] [120–170] [45–61] [570–850] [38–56] [57–74] [39–51] [180–260] [290–430] [390–590] [150–220] [4–6] [120–180] [270–400] [230–350] [9–14] [78–120] [29–43] [32–48] [310–470] [16–24] [9–13] [330–490] [22–29] [5–7] [5–6] [8–10] [300–410] [310–460] [6–8]

MDG 6 Prevalence of HIV among adults aged 15–49 yearsc (%)

2007 … … 0.1 … 2.1 … 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 3.0 … … 1.2 0.2 0.2 2.1 1.2 0.1 0.2 <0.1 23.9 0.6 … … 1.6 2.0 0.8 5.1 0.4 … 6.3 3.5 0.3 0.1 0.6 <0.1 3.5 … 0.4 3.9 <0.1 0.1 … … … … 0.2

Table 2

Mortality

Distribution of causes of death among children aged <5 yearsh,i (%)

2. Cause-speciﬁc mortality and morbidity Mortality

Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

TB among HIV-negative peoplee

2007

2006

2008

546 … 86 95 59 82 … 450 0 673 31 8 8 519 556 20 6 451 2 56 149 980 818 113 630 … 8 0 254 307 25 84 1 7 2 93 3 41 25 … 158 2 61 405 26 23 762 994 27

650 … 150 210 130 170 680 450 25 720 210 7 8 520 690 66 4 560 3 … 290 910 1 100 470 670 280 6 4 450 420 140 300 1 4 3 170 6 62 140 560 … 4 150 660 10 150 960 1 200 97

[240–1 400] [90–210] [65–560] [84–170] [55–460] [210–1 600] [180–850] [25–50] [460–980] [55–720] [7–15] [8–16] [290–760] [250–1 500] [18–230] [4–9] [200–1 300] [2–4] [100–650] [590–1 200] [500–1 800] [140–1 600] [390–960] [190–380] [6–11] [4–8] [300–600] [240–600] [95–190] [110–600] [1–2] [4–9] [3–6] [51–510] [6–12] [41–82] [40–500] [340–800] [4–8] [43–460] [190–1 600] [10–19] [41–500] [570–1 400] [520–2 100] [28–300]

132 … 42 10 <10 25 … 54 <50 81 … … 3 173 … … <10 89 <10 … 29 48 65 <200 75 27 … … … 4 6 … <10 <10 3 55 <10 … <10 … … … <10 <10 <50 <10 896 61 …

14 … 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0k 220 1.6 … 51 … … … 96 106 0.0k … 109 … … 0.1 164 180 10 7.8 0.1 … … 1.3 1.5 0.0k 0.0 … … … … … … … 74 … … 0.0k 1.1 … … … 171 …

81 1.1 12 13 3.1 2.7 5.0 9.0 1.9 64 3.2 0.5 0.4 41 44 13 0.3 44 0.3 0.3 12 60 25 15 32 9.5 1.0 0.1 23 27 3.0 14 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.4 0.5 24 19 25 2.3 25 32 5.5 1.3 27 46 4.2

[35–160] [0.4–2.6] [4.9–23] [5.4–25] [1.4–5.8] [1.0–5.3] [2.1–8.7] [3.8–18] [0.7–3.3] [26–120] [1.4–6.3] [0.2–0.8] [0.1–0.6] [17–83] [18–86] [6.6–22] [0.1–0.6] [16–84] [0.1–0.6] [0.1–0.8] [4.6–23] [23–120] [11–51] [6.3–31] [14–63] [4.1–19] [0.4–1.8] [0.0–0.2] [10–47] [12–55] [1.3–5.9] [5.4–26] [0.2–0.9] [0.1–0.6] [0.2–0.7] [0.4–1.8] [0.6–2.4] [0.2–1.0] [12–43] [6.8–42] [9.0–46] [1.1–3.8] [12–45] [13–61] [2.7–9.0] [0.5–2.4] [6.7–61] [19–90] [1.5–8.9]

2004 603 82 203 134 131 163 967 445 33 886 177 22 26 610 559 98 22 690 23 162 279 692 944 294 693 174 19 18 377 272 92 355 42 26 17 135 39 78 169 1 014 275 53 160 445 36 80 1 374 1 155 85

862 580 794 484 891 518 938 686 664 817 767 405 387 716 830 554 429 699 436 827 515 844 925 835 740 761 693 375 713 690 687 1 018 459 368 372 605 284 711 1 145 729 730 454 1 012 828 710 715 581 931 654

Injuries

Malariad

2005

Noncommunicable

HIV/AIDSc

2000–2009

Distribution of years of life lost by broader causesf,h (%) Communicable

Interagency estimatesb

MDG 6

Country reported estimatesa

MDG 6

Age-standardized mortality rates by causef,g (per 100 000 population)

Injuries

Cause-speciﬁc mortality rate (per 100 000 population)

Noncommunicable

MDG 5 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births)

Communicable

Member State

2004 84 32 109 83 36 99 136 90 113 105 36 64 45 97 84 20 28 80 31 47 103 101 104 119 178 68 63 34 116 233 95 486 30 29 29 71 39 59 152 113 22 32 95 129 115 91 72 192 60

72 20 40 34 31 37 78 73 5 82 24 4 6 68 72 25 5 73 4 26 51 77 83 41 67 47 3 4 56 31 28 42 7 9 5 35 8 29 25 82 42 13 35 62 5 20 86 84 29

20 69 40 44 61 39 15 16 72 12 66 75 79 21 21 70 86 20 83 64 32 16 12 43 16 39 86 79 30 32 47 25 79 76 85 48 76 53 56 11 55 61 50 24 73 60 10 9 54

8 11 20 22 8 24 7 11 22 6 10 21 15 11 8 5 9 7 12 11 17 7 5 17 17 14 11 18 14 37 25 34 13 15 10 17 16 18 20 8 3 25 14 14 21 19 5 7 17

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 Morbidity

MDG 6 Incidence of tuberculosisj (per 100 000 population per year)

2000

Injuries

Other diseases

Congenital abnormalities

Neonatal sepsis

Birth asphyxia

Prematurity

Pneumonia

Malaria

Measles

Diarrhoea

HIV/AIDS

MDG 6 Prevalence of tuberculosisj (per 100 000 population)

2008 6 0 1 1 0 4 3 4 1 3 1 0 0 10 1 0 0 3 0 0 3 2 2 6 5 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 17 3 0

19 0 9 6 5 4 9 21 0 23 5 0 1 6 14 6 0 9 0 1 19 14 19 15 20 10 0 0 13 15 10 12 0 0 0 14 1 4 2 21 17 1 14 7 1 2 10 17 4

0 0 0 0 0 0 9 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 28 0 0 7 0 0 0 29 23 0 0 26 0 0 0 24 18 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 0

19 4 18 17 11 14 12 19 2 15 13 4 2 11 16 19 1 10 8 12 20 17 18 17 20 18 7 0 20 22 16 20 0 2 1 23 6 11 17 16 24 4 22 27 7 8 13 17 9

11 32 26 22 33 21 10 11 10 9 23 19 13 15 11 27 33 12 35 38 19 8 8 16 11 22 24 7 14 19 27 23 15 19 23 13 9 35 1 8 15 28 18 9 7 30 16 10 30

9 11 11 9 6 9 7 7 10 11 9 6 12 8 8 13 7 11 4 14 5 8 6 9 10 12 5 10 10 10 9 12 5 6 7 5 5 6 1 8 8 3 12 11 25 6 13 8 6

6 8 4 2 1 1 4 4 4 9 1 3 3 4 5 5 2 9 0 3 1 6 5 7 6 5 1 8 7 5 4 5 2 2 3 1 2 2 0 6 3 2 4 6 1 1 10 6 1

7 27 9 16 18 19 3 3 27 2 18 37 26 4 3 11 28 4 36 19 5 2 2 8 2 9 26 24 3 6 14 8 48 40 31 9 39 19 15 2 7 48 7 4 30 24 4 2 22

20 14 18 22 21 22 12 24 24 19 24 24 37 10 15 16 23 11 9 11 24 14 18 17 23 19 32 49 25 19 16 16 25 29 30 26 28 18 57 20 23 11 20 31 21 20 14 18 21

2 4 3 6 5 7 1 5 21 3 7 6 7 1 3 3 6 2 9 2 5 1 2 4 2 4 6 3 3 2 4 5 5 4 5 5 11 5 7 3 4 4 3 3 8 8 2 1 7

290 42 130 170 34 37 0 35 53 540 30 8 8 230 300 64 9 420 4 6 120 380 280 130 410 100 18 4 190 450 45 81 5 7 2 6 23 3 120 500 490 16 94 360 53 7 220 480 42

[94–630] [29–57] [68–200] [100–260] [19–52] [17–65] [0–0] [24–88] [17–99] [350–800] [12–53] [3–14] [3–14] [120–390] [170–490] [15–130] [4–16] [280–600] [1–8] [4–10] [80–180] [250–550] [170–420] [75–200] [260–620] [52–170] [5–36] [2–6] [93–320] [310–640] [25–71] [42–130] [2–11] [3–13] [1–5] [2–10] [8–42] [1–7] [29–230] [300–770] [240–830] [5–30] [22–200] [240–510] [14–100] [3–16] [82–370] [320–680] [18–74]

2008 670 7 95 110 24 18 63 82 14 560 25 5 2 410 390 42 2 400 3 2 110 550 220 110 290 79 8 1 190 210 23 110 2 3 5 8 12 3 98 180 110 30 140 260 13 8 490 420 28

[330–1 100] [2–17] [52–150] [65–170] [14–38] [5–36] [21–110] [36–150] [5–32] [350–850] [14–41] [2–9] [1–5] [210–690] [240–600] [17–89] [1–4] [270–570] [1–5] [1–5] [69–160] [360–800] [100–370] [44–200] [150–460] [43–130] [3–17] [0–2] [88–320] [100–360] [12–39] [70–170] [1–7] [1–6] [3–9] [4–13] [3–24] [1–6] [26–210] [45–370] [58–260] [15–49] [53–270] [170–400] [8–36] [2–15] [300–730] [260–640] [6–60]

620 14 100 110 26 37 … 85 69 330 30 12 12 250 230 110 13 210 7 4 68 200 190 100 270 120 35 5 170 190 32 64 12 11 7 7 36 7 200 400 420 26 150 160 94 17 550 240 40

[540–740] [11–17] [80–120] [85–130] [21–30] [29–44] [68–100] [58–82] [260–400] [24–36] [10–13] [10–13] [200–310] [180–270] [93–130] [11–14] [170–250] [6–8] [4–5] [54–81] [160–240] [150–230] [83–120] [220–330] [100–140] [30–39] [5–6] [130–200] [150–230] [25–38] [51–77] [10–13] [9–12] [6–8] [5–8] [31–40] [6–9] [170–240] [320–490] [340–500] [23–30] [130–180] [130–190] [83–110] [15–20] [520–660] [190–290] [32–48]

2008 620 13 73 72 19 32 130 97 34 370 20 7 6 450 260 110 5 200 6 4 63 300 220 110 250 64 16 2 170 190 20 64 9 6 7 7 22 6 180 330 360 34 160 150 50 14 640 280 40

[500–740] [11–16] [58–87] [58–86] [16–22] [28–38] [110–140] [78–120] [30–41] [290–440] [16–24] [6–8] [5–7] [360–540] [210–320] [100–130] [5–6] [160–240] [5–6] [3–5] [50–75] [240–360] [180–270] [90–140] [200–300] [52–77] [14–19] [2–3] [130–200] [150–230] [16–24] [51–77] [8–10] [5–7] [6–7] [5–8] [19–25] [6–7] [150–210] [260–390] [350–430] [30–39] [130–190] [120–180] [46–60] [12–16] [590–760] [230–340] [32–48]

MDG 6 Prevalence of HIV among adults aged 15–49 yearsc (%)

2007 3.1 … 1.1 0.3 … 0.8 3.4 1.3 1.3 2.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 5.9 0.9 0.1 0.1 1.9 0.2 … 0.8 1.6 1.8 2.5 2.2 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 … 0.2 0.1 0.4 1.6 … … 0.1 … … … 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.1 23.2 1.7 …

Table 2

Mortality

Distribution of causes of death among children aged <5 yearsh,i (%)

2. Cause-speciﬁc mortality and morbidity Mortality

Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa

TB among HIV-negative peoplee

2007

2006

2008

9 19 469 … 28 72 … 0 0 686 … 56 317 0 50 … 227 … 380 449 300 281 5 7 77 648 800 0 9 17 276 0 84 733 127 … 162 3 8 12 15 44 14 24 750 141 … … 3

11 12 510 1 100 62 120 970 8 … 820 15 60 … … 46 … 240 520 380 210 … 830 6 9 170 1 800 1 100 … 7 64 320 … 130 470 150 240 230 8 11 12 14 22 24 28 1 300 … … … …

[11–22] [12–23] [290–740] [720–1 500] [41–82] [42–260] [620–1 300] [8–17] [480–1 200] [15–30] [60–120]

[46–93] [140–350] [360–680] [260–510] [110–300] [290–1 900] [6–12] [9–18] [120–230] [840–2 900] [440–2 000] [7–15] [18–200] [99–810] [39–410] [130–1 300] [99–200] [170–310] [60–700] [5–10] [7–14] [8–16] [14–27] [22–44] [24–49] [28–55] [770–1 800]

<10 … <10 488 15 … 47 … … <50 … 10 … … … … <10 379 51 246 … 18 <10 … <10 28 115 … … … 3 … <50 <50 <50 12 <10 <10 <10 … <10 <10 … 28 80 … … … …

… … 12 95 0.1 … 201 … … 85 … 0.0k … … … … 0.0 92 19 47 … 0.1 … … 0.0k 229 156 … … 0.0 0.8 … 0.0k 45 0.0k 0.5 0.3 … … … 0.0 … … … 59 … … … …

9.3 0.0 52 23 15 2.9 81 0.8 14 80 4.7 1.4 6.6 0.0 21 1.5 8.0 36 57 26 0.8 22 0.4 0.5 4.1 37 63 0.0 0.4 0.8 39 14 2.8 21 5.4 8.7 52 2.6 1.6 3.8 5.5 4.6 7.7 15 71 0.0 0.9 1.4 4.3

[4.5–16] [0.0–0.0] [21–99] [8.6–48] [6.5–30] [1.1–5.6] [28–150] [0.4–1.4] [5.0–25] [30–150] [1.8–8.9] [0.5–2.7] [2.3–14] [0.0–0.0] [7.6–43] [0.6–3.0] [3.1–15] [14–75] [25–110] [8.5–58] [0.3–1.8] [9.3–45] [0.2–0.7] [0.2–0.9] [1.6–8.2] [15–72] [22–120] [0.0–0.0] [0.1–0.7] [0.3–1.4] [17–77] [5.4–26] [1.0–5.4] [7.6–44] [2.2–11] [3.2–17] [22–100] [0.9–5.4] [0.7–2.8] [1.8–6.4] [2.3–9.5] [0.0–12] [6.9–8.5] [7.2–26] [25–140] [0.0–0.2] [0.4–1.9] [0.4–3.2] [1.7–8.2]

2004 30 35 536 1 396 161 160 1 011 37 293 566 52 73 178 25 152 … 118 954 513 825 210 463 31 14 129 1 272 964 174 22 26 403 190 95 468 119 231 285 27 42 61 32 64 51 71 1 157 179 69 162 204

635 419 799 796 623 953 967 433 961 812 731 501 682 321 923 … 655 777 775 513 1 093 769 425 398 705 1 030 909 595 391 664 717 735 417 772 602 534 620 583 456 512 470 963 706 904 878 691 522 674 766

Injuries

Malariad

2005

Noncommunicable

HIV/AIDSc

2000–2009

Distribution of years of life lost by broader causesf,h (%) Communicable

Interagency estimatesb

MDG 6

Country reported estimatesa

MDG 6

Age-standardized mortality rates by causef,g (per 100 000 population)

Injuries

Cause-speciﬁc mortality rate (per 100 000 population)

Noncommunicable

MDG 5 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births)

Communicable

Member State

2004 128 46 81 105 53 165 112 25 61 90 43 55 33 39 86 … 49 108 96 73 129 119 24 39 71 127 109 36 42 39 91 36 52 100 74 60 59 54 40 35 67 97 54 218 147 43 67 64 40

5 7 74 87 28 35 83 6 34 73 10 25 32 7 32 … 39 81 56 82 24 60 6 5 39 86 81 33 4 16 64 29 35 65 33 41 44 4 9 17 6 10 9 8 83 27 17 31 32

69 77 19 8 55 35 11 85 56 18 78 58 58 77 51 … 48 12 33 11 60 27 85 77 44 10 13 56 79 63 26 62 45 25 44 45 43 81 78 59 72 74 79 62 10 63 60 54 58

26 16 8 5 17 30 5 9 10 9 12 18 10 16 17 … 13 7 11 6 15 13 9 18 17 4 6 11 16 21 10 9 20 11 23 15 13 15 12 25 22 16 12 29 7 11 22 16 9

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 Morbidity

MDG 6 Incidence of tuberculosisj (per 100 000 population per year)

2000

Injuries

Other diseases

Congenital abnormalities

Neonatal sepsis

Birth asphyxia

Prematurity

Pneumonia

Malaria

Measles

Diarrhoea

HIV/AIDS

MDG 6 Prevalence of tuberculosisj (per 100 000 population)

2008 0 0 0 14 4 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 1 18 0 1 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0

0 0 22 11 1 9 19 0 9 16 2 6 4 0 4 0 12 12 13 6 3 15 0 0 9 20 19 0 3 2 16 4 6 5 9 4 7 0 0 2 0 2 1 1 23 0 0 2 7

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

0 0 4 17 0 0 21 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 18 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0

6 0 21 13 6 16 19 6 23 20 7 13 29 4 29 9 17 18 13 14 18 14 2 5 20 22 16 5 0 7 18 10 13 22 17 16 24 5 6 6 4 23 33 7 15 2 1 1 20

12 26 11 10 22 26 8 24 17 13 23 17 17 22 14 26 21 10 14 18 27 17 18 26 22 7 8 32 14 32 17 21 16 11 24 25 19 30 22 24 26 4 12 13 9 33 52 36 20

7 17 9 8 8 11 7 8 6 9 14 7 7 9 5 11 15 9 11 8 16 18 12 11 8 6 8 14 17 6 15 8 6 11 13 10 7 7 10 5 5 7 4 8 10 29 23 11 8

4 1 7 6 1 5 4 0 2 6 5 5 3 1 1 1 8 6 9 4 9 14 6 3 2 3 6 4 3 1 12 1 5 6 5 2 2 4 1 1 4 6 0 3 8 3 2 11 2

35 19 2 3 26 9 2 29 9 3 22 22 5 32 7 28 10 3 2 6 9 4 28 25 13 1 2 19 28 25 7 20 24 3 10 16 8 35 32 26 21 31 21 24 3 10 10 7 11

18 24 21 16 23 20 17 18 29 17 22 22 30 23 35 17 14 15 13 13 13 15 28 21 21 21 17 23 26 19 14 26 22 25 18 20 29 14 19 25 28 14 20 31 20 15 10 24 27

17 13 2 2 9 4 2 15 5 2 4 9 4 9 5 6 3 2 22 2 5 2 6 10 4 2 1 2 9 7 2 9 6 3 4 6 4 6 8 11 12 14 8 13 4 7 2 7 5

45 11 350 410 140 77 650 1 510 450 38 40 130 1 230 … 51 540 950 250 50 160 4 3 68 310 600 4 3 9 640 23 12 130 37 140 780 26 23 66 16 130 160 110 600 19 21 47 20

[13–93] [6–17] [210–540] [250–630] [77–230] [33–140] [450–910] [1–4] [330–740] [270–680] [23–59] [21–65] [54–230] [1–1] [110–400] [17–110] [350–780] [650–1 300] [100–500] [29–77] [65–290] [1–8] [2–8] [28–120] [210–440] [420–830] [3–6] [1–5] [4–16] [400–890] [16–65] [8–41] [37–320] [9–73] [32–280] [600–950] [5–52] [7–46] [28–120] [11–44] [72–200] [58–290] [41–210] [410–850] [12–28] [12–34] [30–70] [6–38]

2008 34 1 430 310 120 13 750 11 59 700 40 8 34 0 140 6 48 470 470 290 10 170 4 5 26 330 610 0 3 6 310 110 14 130 40 46 550 17 15 54 50 90 110 69 720 3 8 23 36

[11–75] [1–1] [270–650] [180–480] [67–200] [7–33] [510–1 000] [6–18] [39–150] [470–1 000] [26–60] [3–17] [23–110] [0–0] [29–280] [4–17] [14–97] [290–710] [240–780] [110–620] [7–21] [71–300] [1–8] [2–9] [7–53] [210–480] [410–860] [0–0] [1–6] [2–12] [170–510] [71–170] [8–34] [37–290] [13–77] [19–100] [500–600] [3–37] [5–30] [22–97] [13–96] [39–160] [35–220] [15–140] [490–1 000] [2–10] [3–15] [13–36] [23–53]

85 12 220 420 110 74 300 5 250 280 24 32 130 0 210 … 110 380 400 670 44 160 9 10 68 150 270 0 6 14 230 52 47 250 48 180 330 35 48 63 54 140 170 120 350 10 15 26 23

[76–100] [10–13] [170–260] [340–510] [87–130] [59–89] [240–360] [4–5] [200–300] [220–330] [20–29] [25–38] [100–150] [0–0] [160–250] [100–130] [300–450] [320–480] [590–810] [40–53] [130–200] [8–10] [9–12] [54–81] [120–180] [220–330] [0–0] [5–6] [13–17] [190–280] [42–63] [40–57] [200–300] [38–58] [150–220] [260–390] [28–42] [41–54] [50–75] [47–61] [110–160] [130–200] [99–150] [280–420] [8–12] [12–18] [21–31] [19–28]

2008 71 0 260 320 100 42 320 14 210 320 22 19 93 0 210 23 93 420 400 750 12 160 7 8 46 180 300 0 6 13 230 63 47 250 47 120 280 25 30 55 88 170 130 110 390 9 14 25 18

[63–85] [0–0] [200–310] [260–390] [82–120] [39–50] [260–390] [12–16] [210–250] [260–390] [18–27] [17–22] [75–110] [0–0] [170–250] [21–27] [85–110] [340–500] [320–480] [630–900] [9–14] [130–200] [6–8] [7–9] [41–56] [140–210] [240–360] [0–0] [5–7] [13–16] [190–280] [50–75] [45–57] [210–300] [38–57] [110–140] [230–340] [20–29] [26–34] [44–66] [77–99] [140–210] [110–160] [91–130] [310–460] [7–11] [12–17] [20–30] [15–22]

MDG 6 Prevalence of HIV among adults aged 15–49 yearsc (%)

2007 0.1 0.2 0.1 11.9 0.5 … 1.5 0.1 … 0.8 1.7 0.3 … … 0.1 … 0.1 12.5 0.7 15.3 … 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.8 3.1 … 0.1 … 0.1 … 1.0 1.5 0.6 0.5 … 0.1 0.5 … <0.1 0.4 0.1 1.1 2.8 … … … …

Table 2

Mortality

Distribution of causes of death among children aged <5 yearsh,i (%)

2. Cause-speciﬁc mortality and morbidity Mortality

San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

TB among HIV-negative peoplee

2007

2006

2008

0 6 15 401 6 …l 857 8 6 15 236 1 044 124 4 17 1 107 184 589 2 1 58 43 14 0

… … 18 980 … … 2 100 14 6 6 220 1 400 400 4 58 450 72 390 3 5 130 170 110 10

… 478 37 … 36 21 16 0 435 15 0 7 578 13 … 25 70 57 75 366 591 725

380 510 … 45 100 44 130 … 550 18 37 8 950 11 20 24 … 57 150 430 830 880

[12–24] [590–1 400]

[880–3 700] [14–27] [6–12] [6–12] [65–580] [550–2 700] [270–530] [4–9] [39–77] [160–1 000] [72–140] [130–980] [3–7] [5–11] [40–370] [53–460] [70–140] [10–20] [150–700] [290–750] [45–89] [27–380] [29–58] [37–400] [350–770] [18–36] [10–130] [8–15] [620–1 300] [11–21] [20–40] [24–49] [57–110] [40–510] [150–900] [520–1 200] [300–2 000]

… … … 15 <10 … 56 <10 … <10 … 18 721 5 … 65 … 876 <10 <10 … <10 47 …

… 19 0.0 80 … … 154 … … … 30 41 0.3 … 0.0k 85 4.9 0.1 … … 0.0 0.0k 0.6 …

0.0 18 1.2 64 1.3 8.7 140 2.5 0.7 0.8 19 54 39 1.0 9.6 19 29 31 0.4 0.3 2.3 44 19 1.7

[0.0–0.0]

… 138 … … <10 … … … 249 41 … <10 237 7 <50 <10 … … 27 … 470 1 049

93 113 … … … 0.0k 0.0 … 145 … … … 98 … … 0.0k 13 0.2 0.2 3.9 121 10

83 92 3.0 1.2 1.8 3.2 8.4 11 27 15 0.3 0.7 13 0.3 1.7 27 11 4.3 34 9.9 18 54

[36–160]

[7.4–34] [0.5–2.1] [24–120] [0.4–2.8] [3.2–17] [52–260] [1.1–4.1] [0.3–1.3] [0.3–1.3] [8.2–38] [22–100] [17–79] [0.4–1.7] [4.1–19] [8.2–38] [10–56] [0.0–88] [0.2–0.6] [0.1–0.5] [0.8–4.9] [20–80] [8.2–38] [0.6–3.3]

[32–180] [1.3–6.2] [0.6–2.1] [0.7–3.4] [1.2–6.8] [4.1–15] [3.9–25] [10–55] [7.1–26] [0.2–0.6] [0.3–1.3] [6.1–22] [0.1–0.5] [0.7–3.3] [13–50] [4.9–23] [1.8–8.6] [14–71] [4.3–20] [5.9–41] [21–100]

2004

Injuries

Malariad

2005

Noncommunicable

HIV/AIDSc

2000–2009

Distribution of years of life lost by broader causesf,h (%) Communicable

Interagency estimatesb

MDG 6

Country reported estimatesa

MDG 6

Age-standardized mortality rates by causef,g (per 100 000 population)

Injuries

Cause-speciﬁc mortality rate (per 100 000 population)

Noncommunicable

MDG 5 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births)

Communicable

Member State

2004

17 502 98 607 … 109 1 389 79 35 31 237 910 965 24 113 470 174 1 497 22 19 66 310 225 29

357 788 678 852 … 650 1 033 345 628 480 694 1 148 867 379 681 986 728 707 372 360 679 884 516 737

18 103 76 96 … 62 171 27 48 57 36 247 159 30 458 235 87 122 32 34 46 34 92 79

5 71 24 74 … 17 83 12 5 4 50 72 69 7 8 57 31 83 5 5 25 72 42 6

87 18 49 18 … 63 11 73 82 80 41 16 19 81 30 21 52 10 83 81 59 23 40 74

9 11 27 8 … 19 6 14 13 16 9 12 12 12 62 23 17 7 12 13 15 5 19 21

421 748 174 130 195 82 253 275 1 069 61 79 37 1 031 36 53 164 216 69 170 314 1 602 2 598

663 818 658 751 537 701 1 100 979 786 881 410 441 851 450 521 880 749 441 611 941 833 816

83 86 28 60 53 39 71 71 169 130 37 26 130 50 52 49 37 92 64 110 125 147

70 78 31 26 41 26 48 30 80 9 18 7 79 9 12 48 39 21 39 60 85 85

21 16 61 61 44 63 42 59 10 72 53 84 13 73 74 42 52 44 46 27 9 8

9 7 8 14 15 11 11 11 10 19 28 9 8 18 15 10 9 35 15 12 6 6

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 Morbidity

MDG 6 Incidence of tuberculosisj (per 100 000 population per year)

2000

Injuries

Other diseases

Congenital abnormalities

Neonatal sepsis

Birth asphyxia

Prematurity

Pneumonia

Malaria

Measles

Diarrhoea

HIV/AIDS

MDG 6 Prevalence of tuberculosisj (per 100 000 population)

2008

0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 46 0 0 2 2 49 0 0 0 0 2 0

0 15 5 15 0 0 21 0 0 0 4 22 9 0 3 11 6 8 1 0 5 19 2 3

0 1 0 3 0 0 5 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 19 0 0 13 0 0 0 6 6 0 0 0 25 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

0 26 10 18 6 10 20 13 11 2 26 19 9 2 10 16 10 12 2 1 11 21 10 5

0 12 31 10 39 37 8 25 28 24 18 8 12 17 22 18 22 8 12 23 26 15 30 44

0 8 6 8 12 6 6 1 4 8 6 8 7 7 8 7 10 5 10 10 5 9 11 10

0 5 1 5 1 0 4 3 1 12 2 5 2 4 1 2 6 3 3 3 1 5 2 2

0 4 19 3 22 14 1 35 29 20 6 3 3 30 19 4 12 3 33 28 22 4 21 25

100 26 19 17 15 29 19 19 19 30 29 21 10 34 19 13 23 12 34 30 23 24 17 6

0 3 8 2 3 4 3 5 8 4 3 2 2 6 16 3 8 1 3 5 7 3 5 3

9 150 36 460 … 41 820 32 12 11 360 610 470 15 85 150 160 530 3 3 18 210 210 40

[7–13]

0 150 [20–59] 12 [300–680] 560 7 [19–71] 75 [550–1 200] 1 200 [11–57] 27 [3–23] 6 [3–22] 7 [230–530] 150 [400–880] 460 [260–740] 610 [5–26] 8 [44–140] 73 [78–240] 160 [110–230] 270 [290–870] 770 [1–6] 3 [1–7] 1 [5–38] 15 [130–320] 330 [130–320] 160 [15–72] 7

[0–0]

[80–240]

[90–230]

0 6 0 6 0 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 12 21

13 12 6 1 5 1 13 1 16 1 1 0 12 0 2 12 7 7 2 20 15 9

5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 1 8

11 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 15 3

10 15 15 6 10 14 23 16 14 4 5 3 14 3 7 21 23 10 10 18 15 13

12 11 20 22 30 30 18 17 7 11 31 36 10 30 20 22 20 23 27 17 7 12

16 9 8 7 6 11 10 8 7 7 6 7 10 5 4 10 7 9 10 12 7 8

12 5 2 7 1 2 6 2 5 2 1 1 8 3 6 5 1 8 2 5 6 4

3 3 17 21 20 18 6 14 2 28 29 26 3 23 28 8 8 19 19 5 2 3

14 12 25 22 21 18 22 34 16 32 20 23 16 26 22 20 26 14 20 19 17 16

2 2 7 9 6 5 3 7 4 13 7 4 3 11 11 3 4 9 5 3 3 2

610 810 29 12 12 58 31 190 380 57 5 8 180 4 18 200 79 29 290 140 350 470

[310–1 000]

[350–1 100]

[560–1 100] [15–46] [5–20] [4–26] [30–96] [15–69] [62–350] [240–560] [12–120] [3–8] [2–14] [100–270] [1–7] [4–36] [120–310] [22–150] [9–55] [140–500] [74–240] [140–620] [260–760]

660 930 22 18 10 22 18 44 340 76 7 5 130 3 12 190 88 34 280 78 260 790

[3–24] [370–800] [5–21] [51–110] [800–1 700] [11–48] [2–12] [2–13] [74–250] [280–700] [290–1 000] [3–17] [34–130] [93–260] [190–380] [400–1 300] [1–6] [1–4] [3–33] [200–500] [88–270] [4–20]

[640–1 300] [8–41] [9–29] [4–21] [4–45] [12–69] [30–170] [210–520] [19–150] [4–10] [2–11] [85–180] [1–5] [4–22] [110–300] [43–150] [15–59] [140–480] [41–130] [94–480] [500–1 200]

4 110 27 240 … 37 380 49 22 21 180 290 580 23 66 120 79 800 5 9 35 120 140 41

[4–5]

500 370 28 18 24 46 92 210 340 84 4 12 240 7 24 130 98 34 200 120 600 680

[400–600]

[91–140] [22–33] [190–280] [29–44] [300–450] [43–56] [19–24] [19–24] [150–220] [230–340] [460–690] [20–26] [53–79] [95–140] [63–95] [640–960] [5–6] [8–10] [31–42] [93–140] [110–160] [33–50]

[300–450] [24–33] [15–20] [22–29] [37–55] [90–110] [170–250] [270–410] [67–100] [4–5] [11–14] [210–270] [6–7] [20–29] [100–150] [80–120] [27–41] [170–280] [92–140] [480–720] [550–820]

2008 0 99 19 280 18 32 610 39 12 12 120 290 960 17 66 120 130 1 200 6 5 22 200 140 24 500 440 24 24 24 30 68 160 310 100 4 12 190 5 22 130 74 33 200 60 470 760

[0–0] [79–120] [16–22] [220–330] [15–22] [25–38] [490–730] [34–44] [10–13] [10–13] [97–150] [230–340] [770–1 200] [15–20] [53–79] [95–140] [100–150] [980–1 500] [5–7] [4–6] [18–27] [160–240] [110–160] [22–29] [400–600] [350–530] [19–28] [21–27] [22–29] [24–36] [54–81] [130–190] [250–370] [82–120] [3–5] [11–14] [180–200] [4–5] [20–26] [100–150] [60–89] [27–40] [170–270] [48–72] [370–560] [610–910]

MDG 6 Prevalence of HIV among adults aged 15–49 yearsc (%)

2007 … … … 1.0 0.1 … 1.7 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 … 0.5 18.1 0.5 … 1.4 2.4 26.1 0.1 0.6 … 0.3 1.4 <0.1 … 3.3 … 1.5 0.1 … <0.1 … 5.4 1.6 … 0.2 6.2 0.6 0.6 0.1 … … 0.5 … 15.2 15.3

Table 2

Mortality

Distribution of causes of death among children aged <5 yearsh,i (%)

2. Cause-speciﬁc mortality and morbidity Mortality

TB among HIV-negative peoplee

2007

2006

2008

2004

Injuries

Malariad

2005

Noncommunicable

HIV/AIDSc

2000–2009

Distribution of years of life lost by broader causesf,h (%) Communicable

Interagency estimatesb

MDG 6

Country reported estimatesa

MDG 6

Age-standardized mortality rates by causef,g (per 100 000 population)

Injuries

Cause-speciﬁc mortality rate (per 100 000 population)

Noncommunicable

MDG 5 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 live births)

Communicable

Member State

2004

RANGES OF COUNTRY VALUES Minimum Median Maximum

0 44 1 600

1 130 2 100

3 21 1 049

0.0 2.3 229

0.0 6.6 140

… … … … … …

900 99 450 27 420 82

[450–1 500]

174 12 13 11 5 5

104 0.5 2.1 … 7.5 0.3

51 3.4 28 6.5 19 15

[40–69]

Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income

… … … …

650 180 91 9

[350–1 000]

56 9.7 0.6 …

48 22 8.4 1.0

[39–61]

[8–17]

87 11 65 4

GLOBAL

…

400 [220–650]

21 [17–27]

14 162 2 598

284 691 1 309

18 68 486

3 31 87

8 52 87

3 12 62

978 91 363 62 308 99

841 499 701 590 790 557

126 66 131 79 109 68

80 25 52 12 56 24

13 55 31 70 30 57

7 20 17 18 15 19

515 125 97 32

794 675 692 408

108 104 102 43

68 29 27 8

21 49 53 77

10 22 20 15

275

612

WHO REGION African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Paciﬁc Region

[62–170] [290–630] [17–64] [170–850] [40–170]

[2.6–4.6] [18–47] [5.1–8.8] [12–32] [9.4–26]

INCOME GROUP [94–300] [65–150]

[16–32] [6.4–11] [0.8–1.2]

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 Morbidity

MDG 6 Incidence of tuberculosisj (per 100 000 population per year)

2000

Injuries

Other diseases

Congenital abnormalities

Neonatal sepsis

Birth asphyxia

Prematurity

Pneumonia

Malaria

Measles

Diarrhoea

HIV/AIDS

MDG 6 Prevalence of tuberculosisj (per 100 000 population)

2008

0 0 49

0 5 29

0 0 9

0 0 29

0 13 33

0 18 52

0 8 29

0 4 16

0 14 48

6 21 100

0 4 22

0 58 1 000

4 1 0 0 0 0

18 7 13 5 18 4

1 0 4 0 1 0

16 0 1 0 3 0

17 12 19 14 19 18

9 22 14 20 15 16

8 8 11 9 10 14

5 5 7 3 7 2

2 16 3 17 6 10

17 23 23 25 18 26

2 6 4 6 3 9

470 42 290 53 260 220

[420–530]

3 1 10 0

18 14 6 1

1 2 0 0

12 7 0 0

18 19 12 4

10 13 20 27

8 10 9 6

6 6 4 2

3 4 14 25

18 21 20 25

3 3 5 9

480 250 91 11

[440–540] [210–310]

220 [190–260]

2008

0 44 1 200

[33–56] [220–390] [40–78] [200–350] [160–290]

[72–120] [8–15]

0 73 800

480 25 220 39 150 110

[430–560]

410 180 73 8

[370–470] [130–240]

0 63 1 200

320 40 180 57 120 120

[300–330]

[270–290] [130–160]

[6–13]

280 150 100 17

170 [150–210]

140

[20–37] [160–330] [28–61] [110–220] [74–200]

[53–110]

2008

[330–370]

[270–300] [130–160]

[17–18]

280 150 110 14

[130–140]

140 [130–150]

[160–210] [52–62] [100–130] [100–130]

[93–110]

2007

<0.1 0.5 26.1

350 31 180 48 110 110

[38–44]

MDG 6 Prevalence of HIV among adults aged 15–49 yearsc (%)

[29–33] [160–210] [45–51] [99–130] [95–130]

[97–120] [13–15]

4.9 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.1

2.8 0.4 1.7 0.4 0.8

Table 2

Mortality

Distribution of causes of death among children aged <5 yearsh,i (%)

Table 3

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Selected infectious diseases This section has been compiled from official national reports of case numbers for selected infectious diseases. Decisions on which diseases to include were made primarily on the basis of data availability. Where possible, a distinction is made between zero cases reported and no information available for a country. In isolation, the numbers given provide no indication of the relative risk of disease, nor of the quality of disease reporting in different countries. However, the section does give an indication of the current status of officially reported infectious disease data at the global level, and of the major reporting gaps. Given the variations in the methods countries use to obtain these numbers, no attempt has been made to calculate incidence or prevalence. To interpret these numbers, both epidemiological patterns and data-collection efforts in specific countries must be considered. Some diseases (for example, malaria and yellow fever) are endemic to certain geographical regions, but are extremely rare elsewhere. Diseases such as plague are prone to outbreaks that can cause case numbers to fluctuate wildly over time. Some diseases are best tackled with preventive measures such as mass drug treatment, so reporting the number of cases is a lower priority than estimating the population at risk. For vaccine-preventable diseases, case numbers are affected by immunization rates. Diseases such as H5N1 influenza, Japanese encephalitis and malaria are difficult to identify without specialized laboratory tests that are often not available in developing countries. In many settings, cases of some diseases (such as malaria) are identified through clinical signs and symptoms alone. Despite ongoing efforts to enhance disease surveillance and response, many countries face challenges in accurately identifying, diagnosing and reporting infectious diseases due to the remoteness of communities, lack of transport and communication infrastructures, and shortage of skilled health-care workers and laboratory facilities to ensure accurate diagnosis. No inference can be drawn from the figures shown about the efforts or progress that countries are making in controlling particular diseases. Case numbers are also a poor indication of the burden of disease. Diseases such as H5N1 influenza and plague have high mortality rates, while diseases such as polio and leprosy have low mortality rates but result in a heavy loss of healthy years of life. Some diseases with very small initial case numbers can potentially cause devastating epidemics, and so mandatory reporting is essential. For diseases that are considered eradicable (such as leprosy and poliomyelitis) case reporting is essential to ensure that eradication efforts are targeted to the affected areas. Some diseases are reported under the International Health Regulations, while others are monitored by countries or by WHO in the context of specific control programmes. Further information on disease incidence and prevalence, as well as on immunization coverage rates for vaccine-preventable diseases, can be obtained from the relevant WHO programme.

3. Selected infectious diseases Number of reported cases

Member State a

Cholera

Diphtheria

2008 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti

4 384 … … … 10 511 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 985 … … … 8 … … … … 234 … … 1 … … … … 174 … 4 156 … … 7 … … … … … 30 150 1 …

H5N1 inﬂuenzac

Japanese encephalitisb

Leprosyd

2009 0 0 0 0 69 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 43 0 3 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 85 0 0 0 0 7 … 4 0 … … 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 … 0 0

Malariae

Measlesb

2008 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 1 … … … … … … 7 … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

… … 0 … … … … … 1 0 0 … 0 702 … … 0 … 0 … … 0 … … 0 0 … 0 372 … … 0 … … … 2 975 … 0 0 … … … 0 … … 1 124 … … 0

24 … 0 … 1 184 … 388 … 11 … … … 0 5 249 … … … … 298 18 129 … 0 38 914 2 … 452 275 306 406 … … 141 549 … 1 614 445 336 217 0 3 998 … 233 … … … 6 114 … 0

Meningitisf

2009 462 689 … 11 964 … 3 432 424 … 130 471 … … 73 14 … 1 275 192 … … … … … 121 150 826 … 17 886 315 642 … … 3 790 238 2 039 353 58 887 1 650 749 … 35 152 260 478 987 … 135 467 80 559 … … … 966 1 343 654 … … … … … 5 371 196 … 3 528

1 599 … 217 0 265 0 0 0 65 448 5 0 2 2 660 0 0 98 0 928 7 0 8 0 0 3 1 395 173 4 211 495 61 0 12 63 0 131 441 0 0 2 0 0 12 51 0 1 2 82 12 461 14 143

… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 377 … … … … … … … 4 447 … … … … … 289 j 1 460 … … … … … … … 284 … … … … … 4 842k … …

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 Number of reported cases b

Mumps

Pertussis

Plague

2008 … 50 0 0 … 0 12 198 98 286 … 82 0 77 … 0 245 46 0 0 … 10 566 54 … … 41 5 582 … 0 … … 748 13 … … 1 243 310 826 5 930 … 0 0 0 … 110 11 3 403 67 … 24 …

Poliomyelitish

Rubellab

Congenital rubella syndromeb

Neonatal tetanusb

2009 2 448 10 28 0 1 148 0 3 085 3 14 435 183 5 0 0 33 0 125 260 2 0 0 0 41 0 3 562 2 193 171 0 1 212 … 1 961 0 … … 969 2 387 408 … 0 0 2 024 … 102 0 3 767 395 3 190 105 0

… … 0 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 0 … 0 0 … … … … … … … … … … … 12 … … … … … … … … … … … 618 … …

Total tetanusb

Tuberculosisi

Yellow feverb

13 136 170 8 643 3 22 562 1 4 758 487 299 … 1 409 31 141 106 373 1 1 060 311 83 2 966 351 6 048 509 3 351 37 697 132 1 020 2 756 3 610 19 860 14 232 488 197 4 232 3 309 1 114 462 596 7 196 77 3 371 2 287 15 294 328 498 6 251 28 026 69 477 106 1 375

… 0 0 0 … 0 8 … 0 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 … 1 0 … 46 0 0 4 0 … 2 1 0 5 0 0 … 3 0 0 … 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 113 … 0

2008 37 … … … 29 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 21 … … … … … … … 15 2 … 3 … … 14 64 … … … … … … … 27 … … … … … 5 … …

… 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 1 … 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 … 30 0 0 … 0 … … 0 … … … 3 … 0 … 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 … 0 …

415 0 1 339 0 28 0 1 075 4 38 7 0 0 2 5 526 0 2 … 0 97 2 0 19 2 2 029 0 58 97 173 4 211 78 5 9 648 28 … 15 120 354 2 … 21 0 0 113 1 0 0 14 82 969 2 118

12 0 3 0 89 0 0 … 0 … 0 0 0 152 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 8 … 34 43 0 0 25 163 0 1 786 3 3 3 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 737 0 0

57 0 9 0 601 0 8 … 4 0 6 0 0 943 2 0 2 1 7 7 13 0 0 333 0 2 11 … 324 65 1 2 25 163 8 1 786 45 3 3 0 1 15 1 3 0 0 0 1 252 1 0

Table 3

3. Selected infectious diseases Number of reported cases

Member State a

Cholera

Diphtheria

2008 Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg

… … … … … … 1 … 3 862 … 1 2 2 1 … … 1 223 … … … 513 14 323 … … … … … 2 680 1 007 72 925 … … … … … … 1 3 091 … … … 201 … … … 1 236 … … …

H5N1 inﬂuenzac

Japanese encephalitisb

Leprosyd

2009 0 3 0 0 0 … … 0 … 0 0 5 … 0 7 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 6 081 219 52 6 0 0 … 0 0 0 5 … 0 … 0 2 28 0 0 … 0 4 0

Malariae

Measlesb

2008 … … … 39 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 20 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … 0 … 0 0 0 … 0 0 … … … … … 0 0 … … … 0 0 294 … … 0 0 … … … 3 0 0 … 0 … 0 … 0 0 0 … 0 0 0

… 154 83 797 5 27 … … 4 170 4 … … 24 … … … 557 … … 3 664 78 28 52 1 … … 134 184 17 441 35 0 … … … 4 3 0 … 167 42 0 … 93 … 1 7 777 5 … …

Meningitisf

2009 … 1 262 4 891 80 33 63 147 10 572 … 2 532 645 … … … 187 714 508 846 8 … 3 200 147 … … 43 244 422 180 148 542 11 815 36 774 8 225 … … 95 734 579 2 106 957 11 371 5 … … … 22 … … … 839 904 … … 18 18 566 … … … 726 905 … … …

0 0 0 668 0 436 0 0 3 511 0 5 604 3 0 56 917 82 1 0 0 89 12 0 0 0 0 0 48 181 15 369 127 5 494 57 931 1 617 2 11 015 2 20 1 282 0 … 16 174 3 24 0 1 8 1 1

… … … … … … … … 114l … … … … … … … 288k … … … 161m … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 Number of reported cases b

Mumps

Pertussis

Plague

2008 0 0 0 50 313 … 2 071 14 … 0 5 … … 0 76 … … 5 0 627 0 0 0 38 219 14 0 … … … 1 876 1 388 11 896 0 65 361 193 240 … 0 … 436 … 6 229 … … 464 82 26

Poliomyelitish

Rubellab

Congenital rubella syndromeb

Neonatal tetanusb

2009 0 11 125 0 5 … 30 485 … 0 511 … … 0 129 … … 22 0 60 0 0 0 696 224 33 2 44 180 … 605 2 311 102 2 169 174 0 6 753 0 45 … 0 … 45 26 14 50 0 … 22 51 2

… … 0 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 0 0 … … … … … … … … 0 0 … … … 0 … … … … 5 … …

Total tetanusb

Tuberculosisi

Yellow feverb

3 2 458 3 380 5 102 985 541 839 144 40 794 78 104 1 222 1 502 1 300 1 868 954 7 904 80 5 2 070 6 561 1 223 320 8 171 1 897 346 2 615 977 166 376 4 722 3 150 123 173 938 78 8 995 104 6 193 36 811 147 345 1 712 3 079 400 158 3 862 3 038 871 884 0

0 0 0 … 0 10 … 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 … 0 0 0 … 0 … 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 0 … 0 … 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

2008 … … … … … … … … 1 … … … … … … … … … … … 42 … … … … … … 723 … … … … … … … … … … 18 … … … … … … … 11 … … …

0 0 0 … 0 … … 0 … 0 0 … … 0 0 1 … 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 0 … … 0 … 0 0 … 0 0 0 1 … 0 … 0 … 0 0 … … 0 0 0

0 0 0 1 097 0 2 … 4 191 0 0 … 55 0 188 … 459 0 0 0 88 0 0 0 0 0 1 … 340 14 110 42 5 4 847 0 303 1 3 350 1 280 0 … 4 45 9 18 0 40 1 0 0

0 2 2 36 0 4 1 0 66 0 … … 6 0 0 … 8 0 0 1 28 0 0 16 1 0 0 811 183 4 9 0 0 … 0 … 0 0 30 0 … 0 5 0 0 0 8 0 0 0

0 66 13 189 1 4 8 0 66 0 … 8 6 0 4 … 8 7 2 2 28 11 0 16 12 4 0 3 714 183 10 18 2 0 … 1 123 0 2 30 0 … 0 12 0 2 0 8 0 0 0

Table 3

3. Selected infectious diseases Number of reported cases

Member State a

Cholera

Diphtheria

2008 Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia

… 831 … … 153 … … … … 1 … … … … … 9 087 45 3 496 … … 5 … … 972 5 410 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 23 … … … … … 119 …

H5N1 inﬂuenzac

Japanese encephalitisb

Leprosyd

2009 … 0 4 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 … … 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 149 0 … 0 0 … 0 0 0 32 0 0 … 0 0 65 … 0 … 0 0 0 50 … 0 0 0 … … 0 0

Malariae

Measlesb

2008 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

… … 17 … … 0 … … 0 … … … 0 0 … 0 5 0 0 329 … … … … … 0 0 0 … 0 … 2 … … 34 … … … 6 0 0 0 … … … … … … 0 0

1 763 … 218 6 … … 46 … … 143 124 … 0 … 53 1 313 3 365 … 2 4 708 … … 1 486 4 899 0 … 2 447 5 0 422 487 13 2 373 … … 38 7 … … … 34 … 5 … 6 … 0 23

Meningitisf

2009 352 520 4 986 779 588 489 … … … … 201 044 … 2 357 … … … … 142 4 831 491 948 937 119 711 … 255 543 … … 764 2 033 971 2 834 174 … … 965 4 554 247 … 744 1 606 843 1 341 … 23 655 … … … 1 052 … … … 771 753 … … … … … 1 647 1 491

3 20 334 0 98 1 … 4 12 0 … … 31 0 1 455 4 333 0 0 2 089 109 … 0 1 317 9 960 0 4 18 1 129 0 0 0 0 0 341 … 1 … 1 0 12 27 6 0 0 0 … … 0 158

… … … … 309 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 13 405 56 047 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 Number of reported cases b

Mumps

Pertussis

Plague

2008 … … … 114 0 7 … … 3 7 475 … … 560 15 … 0 … 0 0 … … … 108 … … 0 16 995 … 0 0 … 70 0 … … 140 … 4 474 29 783 2 302 1 535 … 0 73 0 … … 0 31

Poliomyelitish

Rubellab

Congenital rubella syndromeb

Neonatal tetanusb

2009 … 0 11 0 41 1 … 0 0 162 … … 0 5 74 0 5 15 0 2 297 8 661 … 25 1 199 13 240 0 3 893 58 169 0 108 … 7 59 46 … 69 … 7 30 51 3 557 … 0 0 0 53 … 0 30

289 0 … … … … … … … … … … 0 … … 0 0 0 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 25 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

Total tetanusb

Tuberculosisi

Yellow feverb

15 391 7 627 10 441 53 4 734 15 28 1 605 85 11 903 38 … 1 838 65 11 825 18 824 41 248 4 828 2 14 640 189 101 1 394 5 853 46 026 … 53 171 100 102 … 829 2 323 1 345 17 989 85 025 2 650 1 053 201 11 048 1 533 9 511 33 949 4 173 5 18 11 6 … 52 2 108

… … 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 … … 0 0 … 0 … 3 0 … 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 … 28 15 0 … … … 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 … … 0 0

2008 … … … … 2 … … 9 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 15 537 … … … 87 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … 0 … … 0 1 … … 0 … … 0 … 0 0 … 0 … … … … 0 0 1 … 0 0 … 0 0 … … 0 … … 0 0 5 … 0 0 0 … … 0 0

73 105 … … 33 3 … 10 3 46 … … 167 0 … 166 5 0 0 781 2 … 0 55 422 0 1 4 … 0 0 4 0 0 280 … 4 … 31 1 1 746 9 618 35 0 0 0 … 48 0 15

8 5 13 0 6 0 … 2 0 1 … … 0 0 8 11 25 11 0 53 … … 0 16 721 0 0 0 809 0 0 … 1 2 132 … 0 … … 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 … … 0 13

227 5 29 0 11 0 … 2 0 45 … … 1 0 27 11 147 1 0 308 … … 2 136 721 0 2 2 984 0 5 … 14 42 813 … 1 … 14 0 11 11 1 0 0 0 … … 0 17

Table 3

3. Selected infectious diseases Number of reported cases

Member State a

Cholera

Diphtheria

2008

H5N1 inﬂuenzac

Japanese encephalitisb

Leprosyd

2009

Malariae

Measlesb

2008

Meningitisf

2009

1 283 … … 62 … … … … 1 281 3 907 5 … 17 241 … 1 … … … … 436 …

… 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 … … 0 0 38 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 0

… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

… 0 0 … 1 0 0 0 … … … 118 … … 0 0 0 0 … 70 …

257 … … … 10 … … 17 125 … … 1 979 1 901 40 … … … 5 … 401 …

701 460 … … 932 819 … … … 102 140 24 016 7 796 … 670 3 073 996n 28 137 5 881 … … 51 158 068 26 150 …

4 2 0 44 18 0 0 0 1 081 39 297 33 129 0 1 25 2 022 19 0 7 016 27

… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe

… 397 … … … … … … 3 726 … … 8 2 911 5 … … … … 853 … 2 061 60 055

0 … 0 0 0 0 11 0 … 61 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 5 3 0

… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 5 … … …

0 … 0 … … … … 0 … 0 0 0 … … … 0 … … 17 … 0 …

154 … 0 14 1 … … 0 345 … 10 … 3 276 150 10 … 0 586 530 471 … …

143 594 898 112 … … … … 0 … 11 029 571 … … … 9 611 … … 27 17 398 32 037 51 668 158 648 3 080 301 1 003 846

0 187 0 0 2 4 0 0 1 319 48 55 1 445 3 413 140 0 2 0 0 352 7 140 0

… 289 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 Number of reported cases b

Mumps

Pertussis

Plague

2008

Poliomyelitish

Rubellab

Congenital rubella syndromeb

Neonatal tetanusb

2009

Total tetanusb

Tuberculosisi

Yellow feverb

2008

… 277 0 … 801 5 32 0 … … 3 816 778 … 0 1 058 52 … 561 1 171 13 445 5 865

45 6 0 … 33 105 181 0 697 … 563 9 34 0 0 459 … 59 7 18 0

… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

… … … 12 … … … … … … … … 45 … … … … … … … …

… 0 0 … 2 0 0 0 … … 1 0 … 0 0 0 0 0 0 … …

161 23 0 44 181 0 0 0 … … 70 79 150 0 26 0 12 5 124 540 14

16 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 86 1 0 1 172 0 0 0 0 4 0 5 0

252 5 0 67 0 0 1 0 86 1 15 29 173 1 0 0 1 8 2 137 0

7 584 1 172 4 5 826 525 126 81 140 6 520 138 803 2 333 4 683 10 800 68 3 105 97 64 1 116 2 057 28 788 188

0 0 0 111 0 0 0 0 … … 0 … … 0 0 0 0 0 … … 0

0 … 0 0 … 9 514 241 0 … 1 985 477 2 625 71 451 641 1 862 0 1 007 … 5 191 13 728 …

0 156 0 0 12 25 0 0 … 1 025 51 1 028 0 13 213 128 31 0 0 280 1 229 162 0

… … … … … … … … … … … … 2 7 … … … … 0 … 0 0

… 6 … … … … … … 8 … … … … … … … … … … … … …

0 … 0 0 … … 0 0 … 0 … 0 … 0 0 0 … 0 … … 0 …

0 136 0 0 156 159 0 0 … 3 495 70 31 0 16 0 24 … 0 873 187 257 63

1 5 0 0 0 7 … 0 100 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 34 46 13 1

9 5 1 0 5 19 0 0 1 646 17 3 5 … 0 2 0 0 0 221 46 16 1

867 2 234 11 169 1 005 6 993 1 331 9 22 766 14 574 50 1 286 24 171 4 742 424 5 117 45 3 344 53 484 3 540 13 211 9 830

0 2 0 0 … … … 0 0 0 0 0 … 0 0 0 … 0 … 0 0 …

Table 3

3. Selected infectious diseases Number of reported cases

Member State a

Cholera

Diphtheria

2008

H5N1 inﬂuenzac

Japanese encephalitisb

Leprosyd

2009

Malariae

Measlesb

2008

Meningitisf

2009

RANGES OF COUNTRY VALUES Minimum Median Maximum

1 417 60 055

0 0 6 081

1 7 39

0 0 2 975

0 53 134 184

0 61 017 95 734 579

0 4 131 441

114 309 56 047

160 801 … 4 168 … … 1 228

… 102 6 502 184 133 95

… … … … … 13

… … 1 642 1 … 3 428

29 814 41 891 167 505 … 3 938 5 835

60 731 835 719 783 100 491 743 … 8 291 229 2 604 165

37 010 203 75 770 8 883 12 120 147 986

82 312 … … … … …

Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income

143 948 38 739 … 28

241 6 651 182 14

… … … …

… 3 493 … …

36 975 170 514 41 197 297

54 504 086 117 031 249 1 395 416 …

38 174 222 431 744 20 623

… … … …

GLOBAL

190 130

7 088

…

5 071

248 983

172 997 420

281 972

…

WHO REGION African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Paciﬁc Region

INCOME GROUP

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 Number of reported cases b

Mumps

Pertussis

Plague

Poliomyelitish

2008

Rubellab

Congenital rubella syndromeb

Neonatal tetanusb

2009

Total tetanusb

Tuberculosisi

Yellow feverb

2008

0 51 310 826

0 27 44 180

0 0 618

1 15 723

0 0 30

0 5 120 354

0 0 1 786

0 3 3 714

0 1 338 615 977

0 0 113

… 41 718 … 71 139 … 382 349

19 425 26 834 46 937 25 278 7 849 25 245

… 32 0 … … 12

841 … 723 … 169 …

… 34 … 8 … …

16 297 3 188 … 23 932 2 363 126 487

2 182 35 1 231 7 1 199 2 004

5 428 639 5 477 129 1 627 3 328

595 184 119 810 1 007 382 105 240 166 542 660 252

270 102 … 0 … …

… … 54 991 83 380

14 395 65 995 14 755 56 423

… 12 … …

282 1 451 … …

… … 40 6

16 837 137 441 19 583 5 761

1 749 4 837 55 17

6 162 9 586 660 220

635 689 1 656 197 322 047 40 477

… … 75 11

536 698

151 568

958

1 733

…

179 622

6 658

16 628

2 654 410

…

Table 3

Table 4

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Health service coverage Health service coverage indicators reflect the extent to which people in need actually receive important health interventions. Such interventions include the provision of skilled care to women during pregnancy and childbirth; reproductive-health services; immunization to prevent common childhood infections; vitamin A supplementation in children; and the treatment of disease in children, adolescents and adults. This section therefore presents data on the following MDG indicators: antenatal care coverage; births attended by skilled health personnel; measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds; children aged <5 years sleeping under insecticide-treated nets; children aged <5 years with fever who received treatment with any antimalarial; unmet need for family planning; contraceptive prevalence; antiretroviral therapy coverage among people with advanced HIV infection; smear-positive tuberculosis case-detection rate; and smear-positive tuberculosis treatment-success rate. Data are also presented on births by caesarean section; neonates protected at birth against neonatal tetanus; 1-year-olds immunized against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP3), hepatitis B (HepB3), and Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib3); vitamin A supplementation in children; children aged <5 years with acute respiratory infection (ARI) symptoms taken to a health facility; children aged <5 with diarrhoea receiving oral rehydration therapy (ORT); and HIV-infected pregnant women receiving antiretroviral therapy for the prevention of mother-tochild transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. Coverage indicators are typically calculated by dividing the number of people receiving a defined intervention by the population eligible for – or in need of – the intervention. For example, immunization coverage among 1-yearold children can be calculated from the number of children having received a specific vaccine divided by the total population of children aged one in each country (Figure 10 and Box 3). For indicators on antenatal care, births attended by skilled health personnel and births by caesarean section, the denominator is the total number of live births in the defined population. The main sources of data on health service coverage are household surveys and completed questionnaires on health service use. The principal types of surveys used are the UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and country health and economic surveys. Another source of data is the administrative records of routine service provision, which provide data on the numerator. The denominator is estimated on the basis of census projections. It should be borne in mind that administrative records tend to overestimate coverage as a result of double counting in the numerator and uncertainty in the denominator. Although household surveys are generally considered to be more reliable, these are subject to respondent reporting errors as well as to margins of uncertainty due to sampling errors. In generating global estimates, it is good practice to reconcile data from multiple sources in order to maximize the accuracy of all estimates. Unavoidable differences in terminology also occur from country to country making standardization difficult. For example, there are significant variations across countries in the precise skills and training of health workers grouped as “skilled birth attendants”. Indicator definitions may also change over time. As a result of these and other issues, there may be limitations on the comparability of results across countries and over time. Regional aggregates are not available for several coverage indicators, reflecting both the limited availability of data for several indicators, and the fact that some conditions (such as malaria) are not of public health significance in all countries.

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Figure 10: Immunization (DTP3) coverage among 1-year-olds by country-income group â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2000 and 2008

Low income

Middle income

High income

100 95

81 80

Percentage

0 2000

2008

2000

2008

Note: Solid horizontal lines indicate the median.

2000

2008

Table 4

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Box 3: Trends in immunization coverage

In Figure 10, each circle represents a country (note that circles may overlap). From the data presented, three major conclusions emerge: Low-income countries demonstrated substantial increases in DPT3 immunization coverage between 2000 and 2008 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; median immunization coverage rose from 62% to 81% over the 8-year period and by 2008, one quarter of all low-income countries had achieved coverage levels of 91% or higher. Despite these gains, immunization coverage in low-income countries remains significantly below the levels in middle-income and high-income countries â&#x20AC;&#x201C; in 2008, median coverage was 95% and 96% respectively in such countries, compared with 81% in low-income countries. There are wide variations in immunization coverage levels within the middle-income and low-income country groups â&#x20AC;&#x201C; with levels in 2008 ranging from as low as 20% up to 99% (representing a five-fold difference). Improvements in the level of immunization coverage must continue to be achieved in a number of countries if such wide variations are to be reduced and median levels of coverage increased.

4. Health service coverage Member State

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti

MDG 5 Antenatal care coverage (%) At At least least 1 visita 4 visitsb

MDG 5 Births attended by skilled health personnelb (%)

2000–2009

1990– 2000– 1999 2008

16 97 89 … 80 100 99 93 … … 77 98 … 51 100 99 … 94 84 88 77 99 97 98 … … 85 92 69 82 … 98 69 39 … 91 94 75 86 … 90 85 … 100 … … … 85 … 92

… 41 41 … … … 89 71 … … 45 … … 21 … … … … 61 … 58 … 97 88 … … 18 79 27 60 … 72 … 18 … … 83 … 75 … … 45 … … … … 95 47 … 7

… 89 77 … 23 100 97 93 99 100 100 99 98 14p 100 100 99o 79 64m 15 47m 99 … 97r 99 99 42 … 34 55 98 89q 46 12 100 89 93r 52 … 100 97 45 100 100 … 100 … 70 … …

14 100 95 … 47m 100 99 98 99o … 89m 99 99 18m 100 100m … 96m 78m 51 66 100m 94q 97 100 99 54 34 44 63 100 78p 54r 14 100 98 96r 62r 86m 100 94 57 100 100 100 100 97 74 … 93r

Births by caesarean

sectionb (%)

Immunization coverage among 1-year-oldsd (%)

Neonates protected at birth against neonatal tetanusc (%)

MDG 4

DTP3

Measles 2000– 2008

… 24.3 … … … … … 9.0 30.8 25.8 4.7 … … 3.5 … 19.5 … … 3.6 … 14.6 … 7.7 41.3 … 23.6 0.7 … 1.8 2.0 26.3 10.7 … 0.4 30.7 23.0 26.7 … 3.2 … … 6.4 16.2 28.5 … 18.4 … 4.0 20.3 10.0

HepB3

Hib3

1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000 2008

13 30 75 … 34 … … … … … … 71 48 70 … … … 88 48 63 23 … 59 63 40 … 55 67 11 19 … 75 69 14 … … 45 78 60 … … 36 … … … … 90 53 … 80

32 86 64 … 60 … … … … … … 85 77 89 … … … 85 87 85 67 … 80 92 77 … 57 51 58 54 … 60 36 39 … … 70 57 67 … … 76 … … … … 81 45 … 46

83 87 71 … 79 … … … … … … 90 63 91 … … … 88 92 89 74 … 85 92 65 … 79 78 87 86 … 78 86 58 … … 78 83 82 … … 92 … … … … 91 75 … 79

20 88 83 … 38 89 93 … 86 60 … 86 87 65 87 … 85 86 79 93 53 … 87 78 99 99 79 74 34 56 89 79 82 32 97 98 82 87 75 67 90 56 … 94 77 … 98 38 84 85

35 95 80 97 41 95 91 92 91 75 67 93 98 76 94 98 82 96 72 76 81 80 91 99 99 89 51 76 65 49 95 78 36 28 97 85 80 70 34 76 82 73 93 94 86 98 78 46 99 50

75 98 88 98 79 99 99 94 94 83 66 90 99 89 92 99 93 96 61 99 86 84 94 99 97 96 75 84 89 80 94 96 62 23 92 94 92 76 79 95 91 63 96 99 87 97 98 67 89 73

25 94 89 … 24 99 87 … 95 90 … 86 94 69 91 … 93 91 74 96 41 … 92 66 93 99 66 86 38 48 88 88 82 20 95 97 88 94 79 93 95 54 … 92 93 … 98 35 90 85

31 97 92 98 31 95 83 93 90 81 73 99 97 83 93 99 95 91 79 92 80 85 97 98 99 93 49 76 59 53 91 86 37 24 91 85 79 70 33 97 88 72 93 95 97 98 56 43 97 46

85 99 93 99 81 99 96 89 92 83 70 93 97 95 93 97 99 94 67 96 83 91 96 97 99 95 79 92 91 84 94 98 54 20 96 97 92 81 89 99 90 74 96 99 97 99 92 69 75 89

… 96 … 84 … … … 55 … 33 … … 97 … … 70 60 76 … 98 80 … 86 94 99 94 … … … … … … … … … 72 78 … … 97 89 … … 98 89 … … … … …

85 99 91 91 83 99 92 89 94 83 46 90 97 95 93 98 98 94 67 96 83 88 93 96 99 96 79 92 91 84 14 91 … 10 96 95 92 81 89 99 89 74 97 99 93 99 92 69 … 88

… … … 90 … … 83 … 90 72 … 90 97 … … … 86 … … … 80 … … 90 … … … … … … 86 … … … 91 … 65 … … … 92 … … 78 32 … … … 95 …

… … 93 98 83 99 96 … 94 83 … 94 97 … 93 6 98 94 67 … 83 83 … 97 99 … 79 92 … … 94 … … 10 96 … 92 … … … 87 … 96 99 90 99 … … 75 89

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

2000–2008

… 8.0 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 23.8 … … 23.5 … … 28.3 … … 67.1 … … 57.7 … … 60.2 34.3 … … … … … … … 54.8 … … … … … … … 17.9

Children aged <5 years (%) MDG 6

Sleeping under insecticidetreated netsf

MDG 6 With fever who received treatment with any antimalarialf

2000–2008

6 … … … 17 … … … … … 1 … … … … … … … 20 … … … … … … … 10 8 4 13 … … 15 1 … … … 9 6 … … 6 … … … … … 6 … 1

MDG 5

With ARI symptoms taken to facilitye

With diarrhoea receiving ORTe

2000–2008

8 … … … 28 … … … … … 1 … … … … … … … 54 … … … … … … … 48 30 0 58 … … 57 32 … … … 63 48 … … 36 … … … … … 30 … 10

… 45.3 52.6 … … … … 31.9 … … 32.5 … … 57.2 … 89.5 … 70.9 35.7 … 50.9 91.3 … 49.7 … … 38.5 37.8 45.4 34.8 … 51.4 31.8 6.5 … … … … 47.5 … … 35.1 … … … … … … … …

… 89.1 26.6 … … … … 41.9 … … 31.3 … … 81.2 … 84.9 … 60.6 30.1 … 43.6 64.8 … 51.3 … … 23.3 36.5 35.8 19.2 … 99.8 34.3 17.7 … … 55.4 … 27.0 … … 32.6 … … … … … 44.9 … 71.0

MDG 5

Unmet need Contrafor family ceptive planningg prevalenceg (%) (%)

2000– 2007

2000– 2008

… 1.3 … … … … … 13.3 … … 22.7 … … 17.1 … … … … 29.9 … 22.7 … … … … … 28.8 29.0 25.1 20.2 … 16.7 … 23.3 … 2.3 5.8 … 16.2 … … … … … … … … 24.4 … …

18.6 60.1l 61.4l … 6.2l … 65.3n 53.1l 70.8n … 51.1l … … 55.8 … 72.6l 74.6n 34.3l 17.0l 30.7 60.6l 35.7l 44.4 … … … 17.4l 19.7 40.0l 29.2l 74.0n 61.3 19.0l 2.8l 64.2l,s 86.9l 78.2l 25.7l 44.3l … … 12.9l … 72.6l … … 68.6l 20.6l … 17.8

Antiretroviral therapy coverage (%) MDG 6 Among HIV-infected pregnant women (PMTCT)h

Among people with advanced HIV infectioni

2008

2007

… … … … 19 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 40 … … … >95 … … … 20 9 … 28 … … 23 5 … … … … 10 … … 41 … … … … … 5 … 6

[1–9] [12–37] [ >95– >95]

[9–40]

[25– >95]

[5–15]

[20–68] [26–86] [86– >95] [6–21] [75– >95]

[3–9] [13–39] [6–21] [35– >95] [20–53]

[16–44] [3–9] [32– >95] [8–24] [0–0] [7–20] [13–50] [28–83] [34– >95]

[4–10] [4–13]

… … 20 … 25 … 73 12 … … 14 … … 7 … 20 … 49 49 … 22 … 79 80 … … 35 23 67 25 … … 21 13 82 19 38 … 17 … >95 28 … >95 … … 0 24 … 16

[10–36] [11–35] [57– >95] [8–17]

[6–24]

[4–12] [14–29] [32–76] [41–60] [16–30] [69–91] [69– >95]

[29–43] [18–31] [57–80] [21–32]

[18–27] [9–18] [64– >95] [12–29] [26–53] [14–21] [64– >95] [23–35] [ >95– >95]

[20–29] [12–21]

MDG 6

Smear-positive tuberculosis case-detection ratej (%)

Smear-positive tuberculosis treatmentsuccess ratek (%)

2000

18 64 100 87 46 87 57 93 87 87 33 87 80 25 87 110 87 78 73 50 75 85 66 70 87 220 12 … 44 35 87 … … … 77 31 87 51 92 0 120 31 … 96 87 87 43 49 87 56

[15–22] [53–73] [86–130] [77–100] [38–57] [77–100] [47–71] [78–120] [77–100] [77–100] [27–41] [77–100] [67–100] [21–31] [77–100] [92–120] [77–100] [65–97] [61–91] [42–63] [62–94] [71–110] [55–78] [58–87] [77–100] [190–250] [10–15] [37–55] [29–44] [77–100]

[64–96] [26–39] [72–110] [42–63] [77–110] [0–0] [97–150] [26–39] [80–100] [77–100] [77–100] [36–54] [40–61] [77–100] [46–63]

2008

61 90 78 87 77 87 72 71 87 … 48 87 86 61 87 83 87 120 67 64 77 69 57 75 87 100 15 29 56 93 87 48 68 19 100 72 79 52 56 100 110 42 87 130 87 87 70 66 87 47

[51–76]

2000

85 … [65–98] 87 [77–100] 50 [64–91] 68 [77–100] 100 [60–90] 47 [59–89] 87 [77–100] 72 73 [40–60] 90 [77–100] … [72–100] 73 [51–76] 81 [77–100] … [69–100] … [77–100] 66 [100–150] 78 [56–84] … [53–75] 90 [64–96] 79 [58–77] 94 [48–72] 77 [63–91] 71 [77–100] 63 [86–110] … [12–19] 60 [24–37] 80 [47–70] 91 [78–120] 77 [77–100] 35 [40–60] 64 [57–85] 58 [16–23] … [86–130] 82 [60–90] 93 [66–99] 80 [44–65] 93 [46–69] 69 [85–130] … [88–130] 57 [35–53] 57 [77–100] … [110–170] 93 [77–100] … [77–100] 70 [59–80] 82 [55–83] 78 [77–100] 86 [39–59] 62 [75–100]

2007

87 85 90 100 74 50 62 70 85 … 58 63 14 92 100 74 68 46 87 93 85 97 73 72 76 79 72 86 94 76 64 … 67 … 85 94 77 93 … 100 88 73 61 92 … 72 87 87 79 81

Table 4

Children aged 6–59 months who received vitamin A supplementatione (%)

4. Health service coverage Member State

MDG 5 Antenatal care coverage (%) At At least least 1 visita 4 visitsb

MDG 5 Births attended by skilled health personnelb (%)

2000–2009

1990– 2000– 1999 2008

100 99 84 74 94 86 70 … 28 … … … 94 98 94 … 90 … 100 84 88 78 81 85 92 … … 74 93 98 84 … … … 91 … 99 100 92 … … 97 35 … 96 90 79 … … …

… 95 57t 65 79 37 41 … 12 … … … 63 … 75 … 78 … … 66 49 62 … 54 81 … … 37 81 94 … … … 68 … … 94 … 52 … … … … … 76 70 66 … … …

100 96m 99m 46 52 … 21 100 … 99 100 99 … … 96 … 44 … 100 35 31 … 93 21m 55 99 … 42p 43 … … 100 … … 95 100 97 100 44 85 98 98 7 100 89 40 … 94 100 …

94 98m 99m 79 84o 63r 28p 100 6 99 100 … 86 57m 98 100u 57 … 99 41 38r 39r 83m 26m 67m 100 … 47m 73p 97 89 100 … 99o 97r 100 99 100m 42 90 100 98m 20m 100 98 55p 46m 100 100 100

Births by caesarean

sectionb (%)

Immunization coverage among 1-year-oldsd (%)

Neonates protected at birth against neonatal tetanusc (%)

MDG 4

DTP3

Measles 2000– 2008

… 41.9 25.8 27.6 22.0 … 2.7 19.0 1.0 7.1 16.1 18.8 5.6 … 13.0 27.8 6.9 … … 11.4 1.7 … … 3.0 13.0 28.0 15.6 8.5 4.1 … … 25.4 19.1 37.4 … … 18.5 10.0 4.0 … 13.9 5.1 … 21.1 23.1 5.1 3.5 … 19.2 24.0

HepB3

Hib3

1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000 2008

… 60 82 74 37 58 … … 24 5 … … 84 85 … … 60 … … 44 27 40 56 39 60 … … 81 64 71 70 … … … … … 49 … 60 … 51 … 12 … … … 33 … … …

… 48 42 80 83 61 80 … 54 84 … … 39 92 … … 69 … … 67 79 49 82 41 93 … … 85 82 82 75 … … … 51 … 44 … 68 … 77 … 58 … … 73 51 … … …

… 86 73 85 87 69 86 … 84 94 … … 73 91 … … 86 … … 71 96 94 90 50 94 … … 86 79 83 69 … … … 58 … 87 … 78 … 84 … 47 … … 83 91 … … …

88 70 60 86 98 88 … … 38 84 97 71 76 86 … 75 61 76 85 68 35 53 73 31 90 99 99 56 58 85 75 78 91 43 74 73 87 … 78 75 66 … 32 … 61 80 … 89 … 80

99 84 72 98 97 51 86 93 52 85 96 84 55 92 73 93 84 89 92 86 42 71 86 55 98 99 91 54 72 99 87 79 97 74 88 96 94 99 75 80 99 98 42 97 79 74 63 92 97 91

99 79 66 92 95 51 95 95 74 94 97 87 55 91 96 95 86 99 99 96 64 76 95 58 95 99 96 70 83 98 69 89 84 91 88 97 95 99 90 72 99 99 52 97 53 85 64 98 97 96

92 69 68 87 80 77 … … 49 97 90 94 78 92 … 80 58 54 80 66 17 61 83 41 84 99 99 70 60 91 83 65 93 83 86 90 92 … 84 97 71 … 18 … 82 82 … 84 … 90

99 68 78 98 99 33 88 93 56 89 99 97 38 74 80 90 84 89 97 84 45 42 88 45 95 99 98 58 75 99 78 86 96 87 86 85 91 97 75 90 98 99 53 96 86 82 47 94 94 98

96 77 75 97 94 33 97 95 81 99 99 98 38 96 92 90 87 99 99 85 66 63 93 53 93 99 98 66 77 99 62 93 93 96 87 98 97 99 85 82 99 95 61 97 74 83 64 98 96 99

… 68 38 93 99 … … … … 95 … 26 … 87 55 84 … 89 … … … … … … 95 … … … 65 99 67 … 97 94 … … 93 99 … 90 95 44 … 95 86 … … 92 99 49

96 88 75 97 94 … 97 94 81 99 … 29 38 99 89 90 87 95 99 85 71 … 93 … 93 … … 21 78 99 58 … 96 96 89 … 97 99 85 83 99 97 61 96 74 85 64 98 96 94

… … … … … … … … … 86 96 86 … 74 … 94 … 89 33 … … … … … 95 99 98 … … … … 85 94 55 … … … … … … 98 … … 79 … … … … 2 91

96 79 75 … 94 … 97 95 81 99 98 87 … 96 … 93 87 83 99 85 … … 93 … 93 99 98 … … … … 93 93 96 87 … 97 49 85 83 99 … … 96 74 … 64 98 96 98

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

2000–2008

… … … 12.4 … … 38.0 … 45.8 … … … … 80.1 … … … … … … 68.2 58.6 … … … … … … … … 2.0 … … … … … … … 33.3 … … 47.0 18.1 … … 54.6 … … … …

Children aged <5 years (%) MDG 6

Sleeping under insecticidetreated netsf

MDG 6 With fever who received treatment with any antimalarialf

2000–2008

… … … … … 42 4 … 33 … … … … 49 … … 28 … … … 1 39 6 … … … … … 3 … 0 … … … … … … … 39 … … … 18 … … … 3 … … …

MDG 5

With ARI symptoms taken to facilitye

With diarrhoea receiving ORTe

2000–2008

… … … … … 16 4 … 10 … … … … 63 … … 24 … … … 44 46 1 5 1 … … 12 1 … 1 … … … … … … … 24 … … … 9 … … … 59 … … …

… 67.3 … 73.0 … … 43.6 … 18.7 … … … 47.7 68.9 73.6 … 60.4 … … … 42.0 4.3 64.1 31.5 53.9 … … 67.3 … … 81.6 … … … 75.1 … 75.0 70.5 49.1 … … 62.1 32.3 … … 58.8 62.2 … … …

… 46.3 … 28.4 … … 55.7 … 27.5 … … … 35.4 48.2 50.1 … 51.9 … … … 36.6 46.3 51.7 43.8 55.7 … … 26.0 46.1 … 30.7 … … … … … 24.9 74.0 29.2 … … 20.4 50.5 … … 75.2 58.1 … … …

MDG 5

Unmet need Contrafor family ceptive planningg prevalenceg (%) (%)

2000– 2007

2000– 2008

… 11.4 7.4 10.3 8.9 … 27.0 … 33.8 … … … 28.0 … 16.3 … 34.0 … … 27.6 21.2 … … 37.5 16.9 … … 12.8 9.1 … … … … … 11.7 … 11.9 … 24.5 … … … 39.5 … … 30.9 35.6 … … …

… 72.9l 72.7 60.3l 72.5l 10.1l 8.0l … 14.7l … … 81.8l 32.7l 17.5 47.3 … 23.5 76.2n,v … 43.3l 9.1l 10.3l 34.2l 32.0l 65.2l … … 56.3 61.4l 73.3n 49.8l 75.0l,n … … 69.0 54.3 57.1l 50.7l 39.3 36.1n … 47.8l 32.2 … 58.0 37.3 11.4 … … …

Antiretroviral therapy coverage (%) MDG 6 Among HIV-infected pregnant women (PMTCT)h

Among people with advanced HIV infectioni

2008

2007

… … … … … 40 29 … 18 … … … 35 … … … 39 … … … 22 20 … 46 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 56 … … … … … … 57 14 … … …

… 38 [24–81] 42 [1–3] 9 [23–69] 51 [25–76] 31 [16–59] 13 … [12–35] 29 [17–75] … … … [22–70] 42 [18–64] 18 [78– >95] … … [26–78] 15 … … [9–29] 37 [15–45] 27 [12–39] 20 [85– >95] 45 [29–92] 41 [27–94] 47 [2–8] 22 … [13–42] … [4–15] 15 [3–10] 5 … … … … [70– >95] 43 … … [ >95– >95] 23 [37– >95] 38 … … [5–19] 14 [8–28] >95 [56– >95] 15 26 [43–94] 26 [9–29] 17 … [ >95– >95] 18 … [37– >95]

[31–48] [25–71] [7–13] [9–74] [23–43] [9–20] [25–36]

[30–60] [12–37]

[13–19]

[28–51] [21–37] [13–30] [33–61] [33–51] [29–71] [13–38]

[8–28] [4–7]

[32–60]

[14–36] [31–48]

[8–26] [59– >95] [9–22] [11–45] [21–33] [9–23] [8–31]

MDG 6

Smear-positive tuberculosis case-detection ratej (%)

Smear-positive tuberculosis treatmentsuccess ratek (%)

2000

… 59 69 61 82 … 34 84 33 52 87 87 … … 39 … 32 87 0 48 42 38 27 45 84 87 87 45 28 61 48 87 87 87 95 87 86 99 53 31 87 57 35 94 91 68 27 68 85 87

[49–73] [57–86] [52–74] [68–100] [29–43] [70–100] [27–41] [44–65] [77–100] [77–100]

[32–45] [27–40] [77–100] [0–0] [40–60] [35–53] [32–47] [22–34] [37–56] [70–95] [77–100] [77–100] [34–51] [23–35] [51–76] [40–61] [77–100] [77–100] [77–100] [79–120] [77–100] [72–100] [82–110] [44–66] [26–39] [77–100] [47–68] [29–44] [78–100] [76–100] [57–73] [22–34] [57–85] [71–95] [77–100]

2008

60 60 62 78 90 87 32 88 32 95 87 87 54 54 130 87 30 87 210 43 40 62 66 60 72 87 87 70 80 78 39 87 87 87 78 87 91 74 68 86 87 65 67 120 91 69 51 83 120 …

[50–75]

2000

… 70 [52–78] … [67–95] 87 [75–100] 79 [77–100] … [26–40] 76 [73–100] 70 [27–40] 80 [79–120] 85 [77–100] … [77–100] … [45–67] … [45–67] … [110–140] 63 [77–100] 77 [25–38] 50 [77–100] … [170–260] … [36–53] 86 [33–50] 68 [52–78] … [55–83] 55 [50–75] 71 [60–89] 86 [77–100] 64 [77–100] 100 [53–80] 34 [67–100] 87 [65–97] 85 [33–49] 92 [77–100] 84 [77–100] 78 [77–100] 74 [65–98] 45 [77–100] 45 [76–100] 90 [62–87] 79 [57–85] 80 [72–89] 91 [77–100] 69 [54–81] 82 [56–84] 77 [97–120] 72 [76–100] 92 [58–75] … [43–64] 80 [69–100] … [100–140] 73 … [50–75]

2007

67 78 75 89 91 60 88 61 84 81 70 … 36 84 77 77 84 … 100 84 79 71 71 82 85 51 86 87 91 83 86 70 77 … 56 46 77 69 85 93 79 85 92 82 90 67 71 67 70 …

Table 4

Children aged 6–59 months who received vitamin A supplementatione (%)

4. Health service coverage Member State

MDG 5 Antenatal care coverage (%) At At least least 1 visita 4 visitsb

MDG 5 Births attended by skilled health personnelb (%)

2000–2009

1990– 2000– 1999 2008

80 92 79 81 70 … 81 75 … 94 … … 99 97 68 89 76 95 95 44 … … 90 46 58 … … 100 61 … … 79 96 91 91 … … … … 98 94 … 96 100 99 95 … … 98 …

40 57 … 91 35 … … 16 … … … … … … 31 53 66w 70 … 29 … … 78 15 45 … … 83 28 … … … 79 87 78 … … … … 89 76 … 13 … … … … … … …

47 50 81 … 40q … 95 40 99 74 93 … 99 … 40 44p 46 68 … 9p 100 93o 61 18 42m 100 … 91 19p 100 86 47 61 56 56 100 100 99 100 99o 99o 99 26 100 100 100 100 … … 91

51 54 100 84 49q 100u 95 61m 99o 94 88 … 99 99r 63 48p 57 81 97 19 100 94o 74 18 39m 100 … 98 39m 100 91 39o 77 73m 62 100 100 100 100 100m 99 100 52p 100 98 100 100 … 81 96

Births by caesarean

sectionb (%)

Immunization coverage among 1-year-oldsd (%)

Neonates protected at birth against neonatal tetanusc (%)

MDG 4

DTP3

Measles 2000– 2008

1.0 3.1 … … 1.6 34.3 … 3.2 37.0 36.1 … … … 11.4 5.4 1.9 … 12.7 … 2.7 13.7 23.7 19.6 1.0 1.8 … 16.6 … 7.3 … … 4.7 26.9 15.8 9.5 … 34.0 … 37.7 8.5 21.4 17.2 2.9 … … … … … … 11.6

HepB3

Hib3

1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000 2008

45 81 82 86 45 … … 24 61 59 … … … … 66 37 62 … … 35 … … 39 17 32 … … 93 50 … … 78 66 19 57 … … … … … … … 85 … … … … … … …

58 84 88 95 50 … … 44 79 81 … … … … 86 75 79 74 … 67 … … 83 63 57 … … 94 71 … … 24 47 66 55 … … … … … … … 81 … … … … … … …

76 87 87 95 92 … … 77 87 87 … … … … 86 83 93 82 … 81 … … 80 84 64 … … 91 80 … … 61 74 67 58 … … … … … … … 85 … … … … … … …

47 81 70 96 43 80 52 38 76 75 81 99 92 … 79 59 68 … … 57 94 90 82 25 54 99 87 98 50 98 73 67 69 64 85 95 85 79 93 … 92 … 83 99 82 96 89 … 71 88

56 73 88 99 49 74 94 62 84 96 85 99 92 … 93 71 84 69 8 71 96 85 86 34 35 99 88 99 56 83 97 62 92 97 80 97 87 91 95 89 98 97 74 99 88 96 93 74 69 94

81 88 95 97 68 78 94 65 98 96 92 99 97 89 96 77 82 73 99 79 96 86 99 80 62 99 93 99 85 97 85 54 77 90 92 98 97 92 92 94 97 99 92 99 99 99 45 73 93 97

46 87 90 94 42 63 92 33 85 53 85 99 84 … 81 46 88 … 74 43 97 90 70 22 56 99 86 98 54 99 86 68 67 72 88 96 89 82 74 … 96 … 84 99 89 98 90 99 92 92

57 75 95 98 40 94 39 40 88 97 85 99 95 … 95 68 82 79 44 72 97 90 83 31 24 99 90 99 61 96 98 59 86 91 79 98 96 80 97 95 99 97 90 99 70 99 99 96 82 95

82 91 90 98 68 72 93 74 99 98 79 99 96 95 99 72 85 83 99 82 97 89 96 66 54 99 94 92 73 92 82 52 76 99 91 99 97 94 94 95 97 98 97 99 96 99 46 87 99 98

… … 94 96 … … 36 … 88 97 87 99 93 … 43 … … … 58 … … 90 83 … … 99 … 99 … 96 … 57 … … 19 99 58 89 93 92 98 … … 99 … … 96 94 … 93

82 91 90 98 68 59 93 74 99 98 90 99 96 93 97 72 84 … 99 82 … 90 96 … 41 99 … 92 73 92 83 56 76 99 88 98 97 94 94 98 99 98 97 98 96 99 38 87 99 98

… … … … … 93 45 … … 97 75 99 … … … … … … … … 96 90 83 … … 99 93 … … 96 … … … 38 … … 86 80 … … … … … 12 … … … 92 … …

13 91 90 … 68 72 83 … 99 98 79 99 96 93 99 … … … … … 97 86 96 … … 99 94 92 … 92 83 … 76 99 … 88 97 94 … … … … 97 97 96 99 32 87 … 98

Children aged 6–59 months who received vitamin A supplementatione (%)

2000–2008

76.2 68.5 … … … … … 55.5 … … … … 64.7 … 25.5 49.8 … … … … … … 65.3 … 25.8 … … … … … … … … … 76.0 … … … … … … … 72.0 … … … … … … …

Children aged <5 years (%) MDG 6

Sleeping under insecticidetreated netsf

MDG 6 With fever who received treatment with any antimalarialf

2000–2008

60 25 … … 27 … … 2 … … … … … … … 7 … … … … … … … 7 6 … … … 0 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 24 … … … … … 54 …

MDG 5

With ARI symptoms taken to facilitye

With diarrhoea receiving ORTe

2000–2008

34 24 … … 32 … … 21 … … … … … … … 23 … 14 … … … … 2 33 33 … … … 3 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 6 … … … … … 25 …

47.9 51.8 … … 38.1 … … 44.5 … … … … 62.6 89.4 37.8 55.4 … 71.5 … 34.3 … … 57.7 47.2 45.4 … … … 80.5 … … … … 66.8 54.8 … … … … 59.7 … … 28.0 … … … … … … …

42.7 55.3 … … 24.3 … … 30.5 … … … … 62.8 98.1 28.0 54.1 … 69.3 … 29.3 … … 54.1 26.2 31.2 … … … 47.2 … … … … 36.6 57.6 … … … … 34.9 … … 30.8 … … … … … … …

MDG 5

Unmet need Contrafor family ceptive planningg prevalenceg (%) (%)

2000– 2007

23.6 27.6 … … 31.2 … … 31.6 3.5 12.0 … … 4.6 … 10.0 18.4 19.1 6.7 … 24.6 … … 7.5 15.8 16.9 … … … 24.9 … … … 6.6 8.1 17.3 … … … … 6.7 11.9 … 37.9 … … … … … … …

2000– 2008 l

27.1 41.0l … 39.0l 8.2l … … 9.3l,v 75.8 70.9l … … 66.0l 39.4l 63.0l 16.5 37.0 55.1 35.6l 48.0 67.0 … 72.4l 11.2l 14.7l … 88.4l,n … 29.6 32.8n … … 79.4l 71.3l 50.6l … 67.1l,n … 84.5l 67.8l 70.3 … 36.4l … … … … … 29.3l 23.8x

Antiretroviral therapy coverage (%) MDG 6 Among HIV-infected pregnant women (PMTCT)h

Among people with advanced HIV infectioni

2008

2007

… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 42 … 91 … … … … … … 10 … … … … … … 13 … … … … … … … … … … 72 … … … … … … …

[1] [41– >95] [10–39] [0–0] [17–54]

[5–29] [8–37] [5–16]

[0–0] [9–33] [26–93] [14–65] [63– >95] [2–6]

[65– >95] [19–67] [7–18]

[11–44] [<1–2] [13– >95] [9–28] [29– >95] [29– >95] [<1–1] [25– >95]

[32– >95] [45– >95]

4 35 35 … 41 … … 23 22 57 … … … … 31 24 15 88 … 7 … … 30 10 26 … … … 3 … 56 38 22 48 31 36 … … … … 73 16 71 … … … … … … …

[3–7] [29–42] [24–49] [32–51]

[13–40] [14–32] [40–80]

[21–44] [20–31] [11–20] [73– >95] [5–11]

[11–43] [7–13] [17–36]

[2–4] [43–71] [33–45] [12–37] [36–62] [22–45] [20–62]

[62– >95] [10–25] [62–84]

MDG 6

Smear-positive tuberculosis case-detection ratej (%)

Smear-positive tuberculosis treatmentsuccess ratek (%)

2000

… 38 65 67 14 87 17 40 71 66 22 … 57 … 97 45 19 77 180 71 87 87 76 33 12 … 87 95 2 … 58 29 62 84 53 61 87 72 87 38 90 49 31 0 53 58 64 87 34 61

[32–48] [54–81] [56–83] [12–18] [77–100] [14–22] [33–49] [59–89] [55–82] [19–28] [48–72] [81–110] [38–56] [16–24] [64–87] [150–200] [59–89] [77–100] [77–100] [63–95] [27–41] [10–15] [77–100] [79–100] [2–3] [49–70] [24–36] [52–78] [70–100] [44–66] [51–75] [77–100] [60–90] [77–100] [32–48] [75–110] [41–62] [26–39] [0–0] [44–67] [48–72] [53–80] [77–100] [28–42] [50–76]

2008

57 37 76 86 21 87 44 28 54 100 75 … 69 120 96 47 43 71 340 64 87 87 94 40 24 … 87 95 58 … 91 29 81 93 67 74 87 81 87 79 110 73 26 190 130 73 37 … 59 86

[47–71] [31–46] [64–95] [71–91] [17–26] [77–100] [37–45] [23–35] [45–68] [87–110] [62–93] [57–83] [100–130] [80–110] [39–59] [35–53] [59–85] [290–430] [54–80] [77–100] [77–100] [78–110] [34–50] [20–29] [77–100] [79–100] [49–73] [76–96] [24–34] [67–100] [78–99] [56–84] [61–92] [77–100] [68–100] [77–100] [66–99] [90–140] [61–86] [22–32] [160–230] [110–150] [61–91] [31–47] [49–74] [72–100]

2000

2007

70 73 78 97 … 100 91 … 93 76 93 … 87 … 89 75 82 56 25 84 76 30 82 65 79 … 70 93 74 … 60 63 66 90 88 72 79 66 83 63 70 68 61 … 100 100 92 0 78 73

80 85 72 68 78 75 96 66 85 84 65 … 89 79 86 79 85 82 100 88 79 86 86 79 82 … 79 91 91 … 79 39 82 92 89 76 87 67 82 62 85 58 86 25 84 … 92 … 90 67

Table 4

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

4. Health service coverage Member State

MDG 5 Antenatal care coverage (%) At At least least 1 visita 4 visitsb

MDG 5 Births attended by skilled health personnelb (%)

2000–2009

1990– 2000– 1999 2008 r

Births by caesarean

sectionb (%)

Immunization coverage among 1-year-oldsd (%)

Neonates protected at birth against neonatal tetanusc (%)

MDG 4

DTP3

Measles 2000– 2008

HepB3

Hib3

1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000 2008

87 98 … 87 … … … 74 26 92 … 99 64 90 85 … … 84 89 98 94

40 … … 56 … … … … 6 56 … … … … 79 … … 42 … 74 …

47 … … … 100 100 100 … 34r 84 … … … 80 … … … 76 81 85 94

52 99r … 42p 100o 100 100 43o 33q 91 … 99 49q 90m 74r … 100u 93m 83m 99 98m

3.3 14.7 … … … 20.0 16.3 … … 20.6 25.0 … 4.5 … 7.9 16.5 28.9 14.8 2.1 17.4 11.4

45 … … 85 … … … 71 49 … … 72 72 92 63 … … 63 … 75 …

62 … … 53 … … … 75 47 68 … 92 61 92 80 … … 90 … 85 …

88 … … 97 … … … 85 49 75 … 93 70 93 86 … … 94 … 91 …

51 … 86 … 84 … … 70 30 79 99 80 57 65 85 96 90 87 … 80 …

48 89 97 37 96 98 95 87 38 72 94 99 58 70 72 91 81 83 87 94 97

77 92 99 60 95 99 96 60 24 62 98 98 79 86 95 96 87 81 86 98 98

51 … 99 … 85 … … 77 19 72 86 86 62 83 89 99 90 91 … 92 …

52 95 98 44 98 99 91 82 33 72 95 99 62 71 77 99 88 85 83 97 95

88 95 99 60 97 99 97 78 31 67 97 98 86 84 95 98 95 82 86 99 95

… … 97 … 97 99 … 77 … 71 77 … … … 76 … … 78 … 95 …

88 93 99 60 96 99 98 77 … 67 97 98 86 84 95 … … 82 86 98 97

… … … … … 59 … … … 72 92 … … … … 98 86 … … … …

88 98 … 60 … 99 97 36 … 67 97 … 86 84 … 98 93 82 46 … 13

61 84 … 96 96 92 99 97 94 99 … … 76 … 97 99 84 94 91 47 94 94

30 … … … 68 54 83 … 47 75aa … … 62 … … … … … 29 14 72 71

… 51 … 99 81 81 … 99 38 100 99 99 39m 98 99 98 89 95 77 22 47 69

19 62r 99 98 90 83 100 100 42 99 100 … 46m 99 99 100m 93 95 88m 36 47p 69

… … … … 20.5 21.2 3.4 … 3.1 10.4 15.2 22.0 3.2 30.2 23.8 4.9 … 25.1 9.9 … 2.1 4.8

… 47 … … 40 20 … … 41 … … … 77 … … … 47 … 24 17 62 57

… 63 … … 68 50 … … 70 … … … 79 … … … 86 … 86 54 78 76

66 81 … … 96 71 … … 85 … … … 81 … … … 73 52 84 63 90 76

… 73 86 70 93 78 … 95 52 … 80 87 80 90 97 … 66 61 88 69 90 87

… 58 95 90 95 86 97 81 59 99 94 88 78 91 89 99 94 84 97 62 85 75

73 77 99 91 98 97 99 93 68 94 92 86 88 92 95 98 65 82 92 62 85 66

… 77 94 82 93 84 … 99 45 … 85 84 78 90 97 … 76 63 88 84 91 88

… 64 95 90 97 85 97 82 56 99 94 92 79 94 90 99 90 77 96 62 78 76

79 89 99 90 99 96 96 99 64 90 92 92 84 96 94 98 76 47 93 69 80 62

… … 97 … 94 71 … 81 … 4 92 … … 90 92 1 75 5 … 15 … 76

79 24 98 90 99 92 96 99 68 84 92 … 84 93 94 91 76 50 87 69 80 62

… … … 74 … … … … … … 92 92 … 93 88 … … 2 … … … …

… 24 99 90 … 96 … … 68 81 92 92 … 93 94 … … 48 … 69 80 62

Children aged 6–59 months who received vitamin A supplementatione (%)

2000–2008

Children aged <5 years (%) MDG 6

Sleeping under insecticidetreated netsf

MDG 5

MDG 6 With fever who received treatment with any antimalarialf

2000–2008

With ARI symptoms taken to facilitye

With diarrhoea receiving ORTe

2000–2008

MDG 5

Unmet need Contrafor family ceptive planningg prevalenceg (%) (%)

2000– 2007

2000– 2008 l

Antiretroviral therapy coverage (%) MDG 6 Among HIV-infected pregnant women (PMTCT)h

Among people with advanced HIV infectioni

2008

2007

75.3 … … 25.9 … … … … 24.2 39.4 … … … … … … … 2.9 46.6 … …

31 … … 26 … … … … 9 … … … 28z 3 0 … … … 1 … …

22 … … 30 … … … … 8 … … … 54z … 26 … … … 2 … …

47.2 92.5 … 45.8 … … … … 13.0 64.8 … … … … 71.6 … … 76.8 63.9 84.0 92.7

26.7 94.0 … 73.4 … … … … 20.8 63.0 … … … … 88.8 … … 67.7 58.4 68.3 81.3

31.6 … … … … … … … … … … 18.2 … … 24.0 … … … … 3.1 …

11.8 41.2l … 8.2l … … … … 14.6l 60.3l 65.7 68.0l,y 7.6l 42.1l 50.6l … … 58.3l 37.9l 81.1 13.5l

… … … 31 … … … … … 73 … … 1 … >95 … … … … … …

… 39.3 … … … … 15.8 … … … … … 45.5 … … 72.0 … … 53.1 … … …

8 35 … … … … … … 9 … … … 16 … … … … … 5 … 41 3

47 37 … … … … … … 61 … … … 58 … … … … … 3 … 43 5

… 22.7 … … 58.6 41.0 50.9 … 73.5 … … … 59.4 … … 67.7 … … 82.7 … 68.2 26.3

… 21.0 … … 74.4 … 46.7 … … … … … 62.2 … … 78.8 … … 94.7 86.7 66.8 61.6

3.8 … … … 12.1 6.0 10.1 … 40.6 10.3 … … 21.8 6.3 … … … … 4.8 … 26.5 12.8

10.0l 16.8l … 42.5l 60.2v 71.0l 61.8l … 23.7 66.7 … 82.0ab 26.4l 72.8 77.0ac 64.9l … … 79.0 27.7l 40.8l 60.2l

… 18 … … … … … … 50 … … … … … … … … … … … 59 36

[8–29] [3–12] [20–60]

[<1–1] [53– >95] [5–22] [<1–1] [22– >95] [87– >95]

[33– >95]

56 17 … 20 … … … … … 28 … 14 1 45 42 … … … 6 61 …

… 19 … … [2–7] 29 … … … [36–95] 33 [82– >95] 8 … … [53– >95] 31 … 56 [17–74] 24 … [8–27] … [27–87] 26 … [43– >95] 46 [26–64] 17 [12–37]

[44–70] [8–30] [13–30]

[22–36] [10–20] [1–2] [29–72] [36–50]

[4–11] [47–81]

[15–24]

[20–39]

[27–40] [7–11]

[26–38] [23– >95] [9–51]

[17–42] [40–56] [14–22]

MDG 6

Smear-positive tuberculosis case-detection ratej (%)

Smear-positive tuberculosis treatmentsuccess ratek (%)

2000

45 … 67 28 87 87 87 29 32 69 87 72 54 18 49 87 87 89 20 43 52 … 9 110 87 120 36 80 0 49 85 86 87 70 87 76 39 68 75 67 63 48 39

[37–56] [56–84] [23–35] [77–100] [77–100] [77–100] [24–36] [27–40] [57–86] [77–100] [60–90] [45–67] [15–22] [41–62] [77–100] [77–100] [74–100] [16–25] [36–54] [43–65]

[8–11] [93–130] [77–100] [96–130] [30–46] [67–82] [0–0] [40–61] [71–110] [71–100] [77–100] [61–79] [77–100] [64–95] [33–49] [57–84] [62–94] [49–81] [53–79] [40–60] [33–49]

2008

40 170 27 31 87 87 87 46 46 68 87 73 40 19 51 87 87 79 49 64 99

[34–51]

33 14 91 87 99 81 130 110 54 100 50 87 70 87 100 48 52 63 62 61 52 24

[27–41]

[140–210] [23–34] [26–39] [77–100] [77–100] [77–100] [38–57] [38–58] [57–85] [77–100] [61–91] [33–50] [16–23] [42–63] [77–100] [77–100] [66–98] [41–62] [54–81] [82–110]

[12–18] [76–110] [77–100] [82–110] [68–100] [110–160] [95–140] [45–68] [85–130] [42–63] [77–100] [65–75] [77–100] [85–110] [40–60] [44–65] [53–79] [45–75] [51–76] [44–65] [20–30]

2000

2007

52 … 82 77 71 82 84 81 83 63 … 79 75 68 … 79 … 78 77 69 86

77 84 89 89 81 86 82 92 86 74 … 86 78 … 58 66 … 88 83 83 87

… … 93 68 91 73 81 86 63 … 74 … 78 83 85 80 88 76 92 72 67 69

84 76 93 65 89 91 84 75 75 59 64 77 88 85 84 79 93 82 92 84 85 78

Table 4

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

4. Health service coverage Member State

MDG 5 Antenatal care coverage (%) At At least least 1 visita 4 visitsb

MDG 5 Births attended by skilled health personnelb (%)

2000–2009

1990– 2000– 1999 2008

Births by caesarean

sectionb (%)

Immunization coverage among 1-year-oldsd (%)

Neonates protected at birth against neonatal tetanusc (%)

MDG 4

DTP3

Measles 2000– 2008

HepB3

Hib3

1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 2000 2008 2000 2008

RANGES OF COUNTRY VALUES Minimum Median Maximum

16 91 100

6 62 97

7 93 100

6 95 100

0.4 13.8 41.9

5 58 93

24 71 95

47 84 97

20 80 99

8 87 99

23 92 99

17 86 99

24 90 99

20 93 99

1 90 99

10 92 99

2 90 99

6 93 99

73 94 75 … 65 90

44 … 43 … 44 …

48 87 40 95 38 85

47 92 49 96 59 92

3.4 30.8 7.6 19.0 11.8 23.9

43 51 76 21 57 42

62 74 85 51 69 68

78 81 86 72 79 71

57 80 59 80 67 94

56 92 61 91 72 85

73 93 75 94 83 93

57 74 70 78 71 94

53 91 65 93 73 85

72 92 72 95 82 95

… 70 … 42 39 59

67 88 41 76 81 89

… 75 … … … …

38 90 … 64 … …

Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income

69 79 94 …

39 47 75 …

42 56 88 98

43 65 95 99

3.3 13.0 28.6 26.8

46 72 46 70

66 80 74 82

79 82 82 82

58 76 77 83

61 71 92 91

76 82 94 93

60 81 71 88

60 73 92 93

75 82 92 95

… … 68 60

71 63 91 68

… … 53 70

… … 76 81

GLOBAL

13.9

…

WHO REGION African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Paciﬁc Region

INCOME GROUP

Children aged 6–59 months who received vitamin A supplementatione (%)

2000–2008

Children aged <5 years (%) MDG 6

Sleeping under insecticidetreated netsf

MDG 5

MDG 6 With fever who received treatment with any antimalarialf

2000–2008

With ARI symptoms taken to facilitye

With diarrhoea receiving ORTe

2000–2008

MDG 5

Unmet need Contrafor family ceptive planningg prevalenceg (%) (%)

2000– 2007

2000– 2008

Antiretroviral therapy coverage (%) MDG 6 Among HIV-infected pregnant women (PMTCT)h

Among people with advanced HIV infectioni

2008

2007

2.0 46.2 80.1

0 9 60

0 25 63

4.3 53.9 92.7

17.7 47.2 99.8

1.3 17.0 40.6

2.8 47.8 88.4

1 29 >95

43.2 … … … … …

17 … … … 5 …

… … … … … …

24.3 9.4 12.8 … 18.6 3.4

23.7 70.6 57.5 68.4 42.8 82.7

45 54 28 94 1 23

0 26 >95

[37–58] [42–71] [18–47] [64–>95] [1–2] [14–48]

… … … …

18 … … …

… … … …

21.7 8.9 … …

39.6 65.8 67.5 70.1

37 44 74 …

[30–48]

…

10.8

62.3

[37–57]

[35–60] [55–>95]

44 54 40 23 11 31

MDG 6

Smear-positive tuberculosis case-detection ratej (%)

Smear-positive tuberculosis treatmentsuccess ratek (%)

2000

0 68 220

[41–48] [51–60] [33–49] [19–27] [9–13] [21–64]

40 42 49 …

[37–44] [36–53] [44–55]

[40–47]

39 70 38 62 24 39

2008

14 77 340

[37–41] [65–76] [34–43] [57–68] [22–27] [34–45]

38 36 68 85

[36–39]

47 77 68 79 59 70

[44–49] [72–82] [60–76] [74–85] [51–66] [60–80]

[47–52]

[81–90]

50 66 74 87

[38–43]

[33–39] [63–74]

2000

2007

0 78 100

14 82 100

71 76 50 75 81 90

79 82 88 67 88 92

[83–91]

79 64 71 66

86 89 74 61

[58–66]

[60–72] [67–81]

Table 4

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Table 5

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Risk factors This section presents indicators for certain risk factors that are associated with increased mortality and morbidity. The preventable risks presented here are: unsafe water and lack of sanitation; use of solid fuels in households; low birth weight; poor infant feeding practices; childhood under-nutrition; being overweight or obese; harmful consumption of alcohol; use of tobacco; and unsafe sex. Low birth weight is an important predictor of the health and survival of the newborn but in many settings (especially where deliveries occur outside health-care facilities) many infants are not weighed at birth. Child growth is the most widely used indicator of nutritional status. Included in the estimates presented in this section are the three indicators: “stunted”; “underweight” (which is an MDG indicator); and “overweight”. Stunting (i.e. low height-for-age) reflects the cumulative effects of under-nutrition and infections since birth – and even before birth. Evidence of this condition indicates chronic malnutrition, which is likely to have the most serious and long-lasting impact on health. Being underweight may reflect wasting (i.e. low weight-for-height) which indicates acute weight loss and/or stunting. Thus, it is a composite indicator that is more difficult to interpret. Fewer data are available on the levels of overweight children, although there is increasing evidence in many countries of a double burden of malnutrition (with high levels of underweight or stunting) in some population groups coupled with high levels of overweight in other groups. The prevalence of current tobacco smoking is an important predictor of the future burden of tobacco-related diseases. Harmful use of alcohol can cause alcohol dependence, hepatic cirrhosis, cancer and injuries. The use of solid fuels in households is a proxy for indoor air pollution. Using solid fuels such as wood, charcoal and crops is associated with increased mortality from pneumonia and other acute lower respiratory diseases among children as well as increased mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer (where coal is used) among adults. Unsafe water supplies and inadequate levels of sanitation and hygiene increase the transmission of diarrhoeal diseases (including cholera); schistosomiasis; trachoma; and hepatitis. Although more people globally now are using “improved” drinking-water sources20 and “improved” sanitation facilities21 compared to 2000, the rate of improvement will need to accelerate to meet the relevant MDG target22 for 2015 (Figure 11 and Box 4). Data on risk factors and health-related behaviours are generally drawn from household surveys. It is important to note that the reliability of these estimates depends on the overall quality of the sampling frames and methods used; on interviewer training, data-quality assurance procedures, and statistical analyses of the data; and on the ability and willingness of respondents to provide accurate responses. Where data from household surveys are not available, statistical techniques may be used to develop estimates in some settings.

Improved drinking-water sources include: piped water into dwelling, plot or yard; public tap/standpipe; borehole/tube well; protected dug well; protected spring; rainwater collection; and bottled water (if a secondary available source is also improved). Improved sanitation facilities are facilities that hygienically separate human excreta from human contact and include: flush/pour flush toilets or latrines connected to a sewer, septic tank or pit; ventilated pit latrines; pit latrines with a slab or platform of any material which covers the pit entirely except for the drop hole; and composting toilets/latrines. MDG 7; Target 7.C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking-water and basic sanitation. Use of an improved drinking-water source is a proxy for access to safe drinking-water. Similarly, the indicator used as a proxy for access to basic sanitation records the proportion of the population using an improved sanitation facility. Definitions and a detailed description of drinking-water sources and sanitation facilities can be found at the web site of the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation at www.wssinfo.org

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Figure 11: Population using improved drinking-water sources and sanitation in low-income and lower middle-income countries by rural and urban areas â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2008 Population using improved drinking-water sources Low income

Population using improved sanitation

Lower middle income

Low income

Lower middle income

100 96 90 85

Percentage

56 54 50

Rural

Urban

Rural

Urban

Note: Solid horizontal lines indicate the median.

100

Rural

Urban

Rural

Urban

Box 4: Use of improved drinking-water sources and sanitation

In Figure 11, each circle represents a country (note that circles may overlap). From the data presented, three major conclusions emerge: The use of improved drinking-water and sanitation are heavily dependent upon country income and place of residence – people living in rural areas in low-income countries are least likely to have access to improved drinking-water and sanitation facilities. The use of improved sanitation is generally far lower than the use of improved drinking-water in both rural and urban areas – in low-income countries, median use of improved drinking-water in rural areas is 56% compared with only 28% for sanitation. In the corresponding urban areas, the figures are 85% and 50% respectively. There are wide inequalities across countries in the use of both improved drinking-water and sanitation facilities – for example in rural areas of lower middle-income countries, improved sanitation levels ranged from 9% to 100% – representing an 11-fold difference.

101

Table 5

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

5. Risk factors Member State

MDG 7 Population using improved drinking-water sourcesa (%)

Urban

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo

Rural

Total

MDG 7 Population using improved sanitationa (%)

Population using solid fuelsb (%)

Urban

Urban Rural

Rural

Total

1990

2008

1990

2008

1990

2008

1990

2008

1990

2008

1990

2008

… 100 100 100 30 95 97 99 100 100 88 98 100 88 100 100 100 89 72 … 92 … 100 96 … 100 73 97 52 77 100 … 78 48 99 97 98 98 … 99 99 90 … 93 100 100 100 90

78 96 85 100 60 95 98 98 100 100 88 98 100 85 100 100 100 99 84 99 96 100 99 99 … 100 95 83 81 92 100 85 92 67 99 98 99 91 95 98 100 93 100 96 100 100 100 80

… … 88 100 40 … 72 … 100 100 49 … … 76 100 99 100 63 47 … 42 … 88 65 … 99 36 68 33 31 99 … 47 36 48 56 68 83 … 87 86 67 … 53 100 100 100 27

39 98 79 100 38 … 80 93 100 100 71 … … 78 100 99 100 100 69 88 67 98 90 84 … 100 72 71 56 51 99 82 51 44 75 82 73 97 34 … 91 68 97 89 100 100 100 28

… … 94 100 36 … 94 … 100 100 70 … … 78 100 100 100 75 56 … 70 … 93 88 … 100 41 70 35 50 100 … 58 38 90 67 88 87 … 94 93 76 … 82 100 100 100 45

48 97 83 100 50 … 97 96 100 100 80 … … 80 100 100 100 99 75 92 86 99 95 97 … 100 76 72 61 74 100 84 67 50 96 89 92 95 71 … 97 80 99 94 100 100 100 46

… … 99 100 58 98 93 95 100 100 … 100 100 59 100 … 100 73 14 … 29 … 58 81 … 100 28 41 38 65 100 … 21 20 91 48 80 34 … 100 94 38 … 86 100 100 … 23

60 98 98 100 86 98 91 95 100 100 51 100 100 56 100 91 100 93 24 87 34 99 74 87 … 100 33 49 67 56 100 65 43 23 98 58 81 50 31 100 95 36 99 94 100 99 … 23

… … 77 100 6 … 73 … 100 100 … 100 … 34 100 … 100 75 1 … 6 … 20 35 … 98 2 44 5 35 99 … 5 2 48 38 43 11 … 91 91 8 … 64 100 98 … 4

30 98 88 100 18 … 77 80 100 100 39 100 … 52 100 97 100 86 4 54 9 92 39 37 … 100 6 46 18 35 99 38 28 4 83 52 55 30 29 100 96 11 98 81 100 97 … 23

… … 88 100 25 … 90 … 100 100 … 100 … 39 100 … 100 74 5 … 19 … 36 69 … 99 6 44 9 47 100 … 11 6 84 41 68 17 … 96 93 20 … 80 100 100 … 9

37 98 95 100 57 … 90 90 100 100 45 100 … 53 100 93 100 90 12 65 25 95 60 80 … 100 11 46 29 47 100 54 34 9 96 55 74 36 30 100 95 23 99 91 100 98 … 23

102

Total 2000– 2008

2007 36l … <5l … 17l … <5l <5 … … <5l … … 60 … <5l … <5 88 <5t 6 20t <5 <5 … … 82t >95 64 62t … 12 >95l 94l … 23 <5 44l 77t … … 64 7l <5 … <5l … 89l

97l … <5l … 92l … … <5 … … 23l … … 99 … 9l … 21 97 72t 75 71t 53 40 … … 99t >95 96 98t … 73 >95l >95l … 71 53 90l >95t … … >95 24l 13 … <5l … >95l

Low birthweight newbornsc (%)

87 … <5 <5n 48 <5 5l 26 <5n <5n 7 <5n <5n 90 <5n <5l <5n 10 94 54t 31 49t 40 7 <5n … >95t >95 91 81t <5n 36 >95 93t <5n 48 13 76t 84t <5 … 79 12l <5 <5n <5l … >95

… 7 6 … 12 5 7 7 7 7 10 11 8 22 14 4 8 7 15 15 7 5 10 8 10 9 16 11 14 11 6 6 13 22 6 4 6 25 13 3 7 17 5 5 … 7 7 12

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 Children aged <5 yearse (%)

Stunted

MDG1 Underweight

Adults aged ≥15 years who are obesef (%)

Overweight

Male 2000– 2009

… 39 7 … 11 … … 33 … 10 12 … … 43 … 9 1 10 43 10 60 18 … 40 … … 7 45 66 21 17 60 23 2 58 … 47 21 19 … 19 4 … 26 … … 65 36

1990– 1999 53.2 20.4 22.5 … 61.7 … 16.9 15.1 0.0 … … … … 62.4 … … … … 34.5 47.7 33.1 … 35.1 13.5 … … 45.5 … 58.6 36.7 … 21.4 40.2 45.0 3.1 20.7 19.7 41.4 … … 9.0 31.5 … … … 3.1 … 51.0

2000– 2009 59.3 27.0 15.9 … 50.8 … 8.2 18.2 … … 26.8 … … 43.2 … 4.5 … 22.2 44.7 37.5 27.1 11.8 29.1 7.1 … 8.8 44.5 63.1 39.5 36.4 … … 44.6 44.8 2.0 21.8 16.2 46.9 31.2 … … 40.1 … 4.6 … 2.6 43.1 45.8

1990– 1999 44.9 7.1 11.3 … 37.0 … 4.7 2.7 0.0 … … … … 52.0 … … … … 26.8 14.1 5.9 … 15.1 4.5 … … 33.7 … 42.6 17.8 … 11.8 23.3 34.3 0.7 7.9 6.3 22.3 … … 4.5 18.2 … … … 0.9 … 30.7

2000– 2009 32.9 6.6 3.7 … 27.5 … 2.3 4.2 … … 8.4 … … 41.3 … 1.3 … 4.9 20.2 12.0 4.3 1.6 10.7 2.2 … 1.6 37.4 38.9 28.8 16.6 … … 21.8 33.9 0.5 6.8 5.1 25.0 11.8 … … 16.7 … 3.9 … 2.1 20.6 28.2

1990– 1999 6.5 9.5 13.2 … 1.6 … 13.5 10.8 8.2 … … … … 0.5 … … … … 2.5 3.9 10.7 … … 6.6 … … 1.9 … 6.5 8.2 … … 4.2 2.7 11.9 6.8 4.5 5.9 … … 9.6 4.6 … … … 6.7 … …

2000– 2009 4.6 25.2 12.9 … 5.3 … 9.9 11.7 … … 13.9 … … 1.1 … 9.7 … 13.7 11.4 5.2 8.5 25.6 10.4 7.3 … 13.6 7.7 1.4 2.0 9.6 … … 10.8 4.4 9.5 9.2 4.2 21.5 8.5 … … 9.0 … … … 4.4 … 6.8

Female

2000–2009 … … … … … … … … 25.6p,r 13.0p,r,s 4.3q … … … … … 11.9r,s … … … … 16.5p,r … 8.9p,r … 13.4p,r … … … … 22.9p,r … … … 19.0p,r 2.4p,r 10.4p,r … … 57.4p,v … … 21.6p,r 8.0p,r 12.9r 23.9p,r … …

Prevalence of Alcohol smoking any consumptobacco product tion among adults among aged ≥15 yearsh adults (%) aged ≥15 yearsg (litres of pure alcohol per person per year)

2005

… … … … … … 19.4p,q 15.5q 24.0p,r 9.0p,r,s 17.9q … … 1.7q … … 13.4r,s … 5.8q … 17.4q 25.2p,r … 16.0q … 19.2p,r 2.4q … 1.5q 2.4q 23.2p,r … … 1.5q 25.0p,r 3.4p,r 16.2p,r … 7.5q 65.7p,v … … 22.7p,r 15.4p,r 11.8r 22.3p,r … 2.4q

<0.1 4.9 0.6 12.8 4.7 9.5o 7.8 11.5 9.9 12.7 8.0 11.0o 3.7 0.0 7.6o 11.1 9.7 5.8o 1.1 0.2 2.8 9.6 4.5 6.2 1.7 10.9 4.7 6.2 2.0 4.7 7.8 2.5o 1.6 0.4 6.8 4.4 4.3 0.2 2.0 5.4o 4.2 4.5 12.5 4.5 9.3o 14.8 … 2.0

103

Male

Female 2006

… 42.6 28.8 35.6 … … 34.7 61.0 22.0 46.7 … … 21.8 47.0 18.0 64.4 33.3 24.8 18.0 … 34.3 48.7 … 19.4 … 49.0 20.8 … 49.1 11.9 24.0 16.1 … 15.3 42.0 59.5u … 26.7 11.4 42.0 25.7 14.4 38.5 42.9 … 34.8 58.4 12.7

Prevalence of current tobacco use among adolescents aged 13–15 yearsi (%)

Male

Female

2000–2009 … 3.8 0.2 27.7 … … 25.7 2.7 19.0 41.3 0.6 … 2.9 3.7 3.0 21.6 24.4 3.0 2.0 … 29.1 35.1 … 12.0 … 38.0 10.3 … 6.6 2.0 18.0 4.5 … 2.3 33.8 3.7u … 12.4 0.9 34.2 7.3 2.2 29.1 29.4 … 27.2 ... 2.4

13.1 17.6 25.5m … … 15.1 26.1 10.9 … … … 12.9 28.0 9.1 34.5 31.6 … 21.8 14.6m 27.6 24.7m 16.3 27.0 17.2m … 26.4 22.6m 20.7 4.3 14.0m … 14.7 29.5m 20.9 29.8m 7.1m 27.0m 21.8 27.6 33.7 15.9 21.7m 23.3 10.9m 13.2 35.8 … 36.5m

MDG 6 Prevalence of condom use by adults aged 15–49 years at higher-risk sexj (%)

Male

Female

2000–2007 m

3.2 6.7 5.7m … … 12.5 29.7 4.3 … … … 10.2 11.7 5.1 23.2 22.2 … 15.3 5.8m 11.6 16.6m 10.5 20.5 15.7m … 31.8 11.5m 16.8 2.3 8.2m … 11.7 34.5m 13.9 39.8m 4.1m 27.8m 14.8 20.4 36.3 13.1 10.3m 25.6 9.5m 8.4 34.1 … 29.3m

… … … … … … … 58 … … 26 … … … … … … … 17 … … … … … … … 43 … 41 38 … 69 … 20 … … … … 30 … … 38 … … … … … 16

… … … … … … … … … … <1 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 44 … … 35 … 57 … 7 … … 31 … 23 … … 41 … … … … … 8

MDG 6 Population aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDSk (%)

Male

Female

2000–2007 … … … … … … … 15 … … 5 … … … … … … … 35 … 18 … … … … … 23 … 45 34 … 36 27 19 … … … … 35 … … 28 … … … … … 21

… 6 13 … … … … 23 … … 6 … … 16 … 34 … … 16 … 15 48 … … … … 15 30 50 27 … 36 17 7 … … … 18 26 … … 18 … 30 … … … 15

Table 5

Infants exclusively breastfed for the ﬁrst 6 months of lifed (%)

5. Risk factors Member State

MDG 7 Population using improved drinking-water sourcesa (%)

Urban

Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho

Rural

Total

MDG 7 Population using improved sanitationa (%)

Population using solid fuelsb (%)

Urban

Urban Rural

Rural

Total

1990

2008

1990

2008

1990

2008

1990

2008

1990

2008

1990

2008

100 80 … 98 81 96 90 … 62 99 77 92 100 100 … 85 94 100 84 99 97 91 87 … … 62 91 98 100 90 92 98 97 100 100 100 98 100 99 99 91 76 99 98 … 100 100 88

100 98 … 87 97 100 94 … 74 99 98 … 100 100 95 96 100 100 90 100 97 98 89 83 98 71 95 100 100 96 89 98 91 100 100 100 98 100 98 99 83 … 99 99 72 100 100 97

100 69 … 76 62 86 58 … 39 97 8 … 100 100 … 67 66 100 37 92 … 75 38 37 … 41 59 91 100 66 62 83 44 100 100 100 88 100 91 92 32 33 99 … … 96 100 57

100 52 … 84 88 98 76 … 57 97 26 … 100 100 41 86 96 100 74 99 … 90 61 51 93 55 77 100 100 84 71 … 55 100 100 100 89 100 91 90 52 … 99 85 51 96 100 81

100 77 … 88 72 90 74 … 43 98 17 … 100 100 … 74 81 100 54 96 … 82 52 … … 47 72 96 100 72 71 91 81 100 100 100 93 100 97 96 43 48 99 … … 99 100 61

100 92 … 86 94 99 87 … 61 98 38 … 100 100 87 92 98 100 82 100 … 94 71 61 94 63 86 100 100 88 80 … 79 100 100 100 94 100 96 95 59 … 99 90 57 99 100 85

100 73 … 83 86 91 88 … 58 … 21 92 100 100 … … 97 100 11 100 96 84 18 … … 44 68 100 100 49 58 86 … 100 100 … 82 100 98 96 24 36 100 94 … … 100 29

100 63 … 87 96 97 89 … 52 96 29 … 100 100 33 68 96 100 18 99 96 89 34 49 85 24 80 100 100 54 67 … 76 100 100 … 82 100 98 97 27 … 100 94 86 82 100 40

100 45 … 61 48 57 62 … 0 … 1 … 100 100 … … 95 100 4 92 97 51 6 … … 19 28 100 100 7 22 78 … 98 100 … 83 100 … 97 27 21 100 … … … … 32

100 10 … 74 84 92 83 … 4 94 8 … 100 100 30 65 93 100 7 97 97 73 11 9 80 10 62 100 100 21 36 … 66 98 100 … 84 100 97 98 32 … 100 93 38 71 … 25

100 66 … 73 69 72 75 … 9 … 4 … 100 100 … … 96 100 7 97 97 65 9 … … 26 44 100 100 18 33 83 … 99 100 … 83 100 … 96 26 26 100 … … … … 32

100 56 … 83 92 94 87 … 14 95 12 … 100 100 33 67 95 100 13 98 97 81 19 21 81 17 71 100 100 31 52 … 73 99 100 … 83 100 98 97 31 … 100 93 53 78 … 29

104

Total 2000– 2008

2007 … 10 … <5 <5 <5 8 … 27 8l 74 … … … 15 91l 9l … 74 … … 29 >95t >95l <5t 86 24t … … 25 23 … <5l … … … … … <5 5 32 … … 12l 91 <5l … 8

… 83 … 21 17 <5 51 … 89 35l >95 … … … 76 >95l 78l … >95 … … 88 >95t >95l 14t >95 89t … … 88 80 … 13l … … … … … <5 25 >95 … … 56l >95 26l … 86

Low birthweight newbornsc (%)

<5n 16 … 7 <5 <5 23 <5 n 63 16l >95 … <5n <5n 27 95 43l <5n 86 <5n … 62 >95 >95 11t 93 57t <5n <5n 60 58 <5l,w 5 <5n <5n <5n 16 <5n <5 12 75 … <5n 37l >95 10l <5l,w 71

5 10 10 11 10 13 7 13 14 4 20 10 4 7 14 20 5 7 9 8 9 12 12 24 19 25 10 9 4 28 9 7 15 6 8 6 12 8 13 6 10 5 7 5 11 5 6 13

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 Children aged <5 yearse (%)

Stunted

MDG1 Underweight

Adults aged ≥15 years who are obesef (%)

Overweight

Male 2000– 2009

… 1 … 8 40 53 31 … 52 … 49 40 15 … 5 41 11 22 63 … … 51 48 28 21 41 30 … … 46 32 44 25 … … … 15 … 22 17 32 … … 32 26 29 … 36

1990– 1999 … 31.7 … 13.9 32.5 34.9 29.5 … 44.4 … … 4.3 … … … 36.3 16.1 … 31.3 … … 53.1 34.3 … 14.0 37.2 43.3 … … 51.0 … 20.4 … … … … 6.3 … 11.1 13.9 37.0 … … 32.6 52.9 … 16.7 49.8

2000– 2009 … 32.6 … 10.1 29.0 30.7 24.6 35.0 43.7 … 50.7 … … … 26.3 27.6 14.7 1.3 28.6 … … 54.3 40.0 28.1 18.2 29.7 29.9 … … 47.9 40.1 … 27.5 … … … 3.7 … 12.0 17.5 35.8 … … 18.1 47.6 … 16.5 45.2

1990– 1999 … 16.0 … 4.7 12.5 10.8 7.2 … 38.3 … … 6.9 … … … 23.2 2.7 … 20.3 … … 20.3 21.2 … 10.3 24.0 19.2 … … 44.4 22.8 9.5 … … … … 2.3 … 3.8 3.8 17.6 … … 8.2 35.9 … 2.6 14.0

2000– 2009 … 29.6 … 3.4 6.2 6.8 6.1 10.6 34.5 … 34.6 … … … 8.8 15.8 2.3 1.1 14.3 … … 17.7 20.8 17.2 10.8 18.9 8.6 … … 43.5 19.6 … 7.1 … … … 2.2 … 3.6 4.9 16.5 … … 2.7 31.6 … 4.2 16.6

1990– 1999 … … … 6.9 … 14.7 3.9 … 1.2 … … 2.2 … … … … 17.9 … 2.7 … … 6.9 4.3 … 1.9 4.3 2.4 … … 3.6 … 6.9 … … … … 5.9 … 4.4 5.3 7.6 … … 9.2 … … … …

2000– 2009 … 13.4 … 8.3 5.1 20.5 5.8 8.3 1.6 … 5.1 … … … 5.6 2.7 21.0 3.5 5.9 … … 5.6 … … 6.8 3.9 5.8 … … 1.9 11.2 … 15.0 … … … … … 4.7 14.8 5.8 … … 10.7 1.3 … 16.7 6.8

Female

2000–2009 p,r,s

11.8 … … … … 18.2v … … 2.3v 17.5p,v,s … 15.1p,v 15.4v,s 16.1p,r … … … 20.5p,r … 26.0p,r,s … … … … 14.3p,r,s … … 12.1r 12.4r,s 1.3q 1.1r 9.2v 26.2p,r 16.0p,x 19.8p,v 7.4p,r,s … 2.9r 21.1p,r,s … … 41.7p,v 36.4p,v … 0.7r 12.3v,s … …

Prevalence of Alcohol smoking any consumptobacco product tion among adults among aged ≥15 yearsh adults (%) aged ≥15 yearsg (litres of pure alcohol per person per year)

2005 p,r,s

11.0 … … … 14.6q 39.5v 25.6q … 4.4v 18.3p,v,s 0.7q 32.7p,v 16.0v,s 17.6p,r 8.2q … … 21.1p,r 9.3q 18.2p,r,s … … 3.0q … 26.9p,r,s 6.3q 18.8q 18.3r 12.3r,s 2.8q 3.6r 19.2v 38.2p,r 17.0p,x 25.4p,v 8.9p,r,s … 3.3r 20.1q,s … 6.3q 58.9p,v 47.9p,v … 3.0q 18.1v,s … 16.1q

11.3 1.7 8.1o 5.8 4.1 0.2 2.5 4.6 0.8 16.2o 0.6 2.1o 10.0 13.2 7.9 2.4 4.2 11.7 1.5 9.2 10.8o 2.4 0.2 3.2 7.2 5.2 3.2 12.5 7.1o 0.6 <0.1 <0.1 0.2 13.4 2.5 8.0 3.5 8.0 0.4 6.2 1.9 1.6 <0.1 2.8 5.8 10.2 1.7 1.9

105

Male

Female 2006

35.3 … … 17.3 23.4 27.6 … … 16.0 47.8 9.0 21.8 33.3 36.4 … 29.2 57.0 37.2 9.5 63.4 … 24.1 … … … … … 45.4 29.3 33.2 61.7 29.6 29.6 33.8 30.5 34.0 20.5 42.4 61.1 42.9 25.9 … 36.9 46.4 64.0 53.4 30.6 …

Prevalence of current tobacco use among adolescents aged 13–15 yearsi (%)

Male

Female

2000–2009 29.8 … … 13.3 5.8 1.4 … … 1.1 25.3 0.8 3.6 23.0 26.9 … 2.6 5.6 25.7 0.7 39.4 … 4.1 … … … … 3.4 35.3 23.8 3.8 5.2 5.4 3.4 28.2 18.5 19.5 9.2 12.6 9.6 9.1 2.0 … 4.3 2.0 15.3 24.1 7.1 …

… 22.7 30.4 18.4 31.2m 16.0 18.2 25.1 7.8 33.8 9.9m 11.6 … … … 34.0m 15.2 … 11.6 17.1 24.5 19.7 30.8 11.5m 17.6 21.7m 22.8m 27.9 … 19.0 41.0 32.9 17.7m … … … 24.0 … 33.7 15.2 14.9 42.6 25.0 10.3 13.2m 41.8 65.8 26.4

… 14.3 19.8 11.9 26.1m 7.6 11.0 17.3 4.6 27.8 4.9m 10.2 … … … 36.6m 2.8 … 10.9 14.4 16.7 13.3 20.0 10.3m 12.2 23.9m 18.2m 26.7 … 8.3 6.2 19.5 15.2m … … … 15.3 … 26.1 8.1 14.5 30.7 11.3 4.4 4.9m 33.9 54.1 21.7

MDG 6 Prevalence of condom use by adults aged 15–49 years at higher-risk sexj (%)

Male

Female

2000–2007 … … … 45 … … … … … … 9 … … … 40 … … … 38 … … … 24 … 53 34 … … … 23 … … … … … … … … … … 33 … … … … … … 41

… … … 35 … … … … … … … … … … 26 … … … 35 … … … 20 … 56 21 27 … … 12 … … … … … … … … … … 12 … … … … … … 19

MDG 6 Population aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDSk (%)

Male

Female

2000–2007 … … … 34 … … … … … … 33 … … … … … … … 33 … … … 23 … 47 40 … … … 36 … … … … … … … … … … 47 … … … … … … 19

… 18 … 41 … … … 4 37 … 20 … … … … 39 … … 25 … … … 17 18 53 34 30 … … 20 … … 3 … … … 60 … … 22 34 … … 20 … … … 27

Table 5

Infants exclusively breastfed for the ﬁrst 6 months of lifed (%)

5. Risk factors Member State

MDG 7 Population using improved drinking-water sourcesa (%)

Urban

Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia

Rural

Total

MDG 7 Population using improved sanitationa (%)

Population using solid fuelsb (%)

Urban

Urban Rural

Rural

Total

1990

2008

1990

2008

1990

2008

1990

2008

1990

2008

1990

2008

86 54 … 100 78 90 94 100 54 100 94 36 100 94 93 100 81 … 94 73 87 99 … 96 100 100 92 57 79 100 100 84 96 73 99 89 81 88 93 100 98 100 97 … … 98 96 99 98

79 … … 100 71 95 100 99 81 100 92 52 100 96 95 100 97 100 98 77 75 99 90 93 100 100 98 96 75 100 100 92 95 … 97 87 99 90 93 100 99 100 100 96 … 98 77 99 98

34 55 … 100 16 33 82 87 22 98 97 26 99 64 87 … 27 … 55 26 47 51 … 74 100 100 54 31 30 100 100 72 81 98 66 32 25 45 76 100 94 100 … … … 81 66 99 98

51 … … 100 29 77 99 86 44 100 99 47 99 87 … … 49 96 60 29 69 88 … 87 100 100 68 39 42 100 100 77 87 … 83 33 66 61 87 100 100 100 88 85 … 89 62 99 98

58 54 … 100 31 40 88 90 29 100 95 30 99 85 89 100 58 … 74 36 57 64 … 76 100 100 74 35 47 100 100 80 86 81 84 41 52 75 84 100 96 100 … … … 93 68 99 98

68 … … 100 41 80 100 91 56 100 94 49 99 94 … 100 76 98 81 47 71 92 90 88 100 100 85 48 58 100 100 88 90 … 93 41 86 82 91 100 99 100 98 90 … 96 65 99 98

21 97 … 100 14 50 88 100 36 100 77 29 93 80 55 100 … … 81 36 … 66 … 41 100 … 59 19 39 100 100 97 73 76 73 78 61 71 70 96 97 100 100 … 88 93 35 96 …

25 97 … 100 15 51 96 100 45 100 83 50 93 90 … 100 64 96 83 38 86 60 50 51 100 … 63 34 36 100 100 97 72 96 75 71 90 81 80 96 100 100 100 85 88 93 50 96 …

3 96 … 100 6 41 81 58 23 100 41 8 90 30 20 … … … 27 4 … 9 … 8 100 88 26 2 36 100 100 61 8 54 40 42 15 16 46 … 87 100 100 … 52 70 22 96 …

4 96 … 100 10 57 95 96 32 100 53 9 90 68 … … 32 86 52 4 79 17 … 27 100 … 37 4 28 100 100 … 29 … 51 41 40 36 69 80 100 100 100 74 54 70 55 96 …

11 97 … 100 8 42 84 69 26 100 64 16 91 66 29 100 … … 53 11 … 25 … 11 100 … 43 5 37 100 100 85 28 69 58 47 37 54 58 … 92 100 100 … 71 87 23 96 …

17 97 … 100 11 56 96 98 36 100 72 26 91 85 … 100 50 92 69 17 81 33 50 31 100 … 52 9 32 100 100 … 45 … 69 45 70 68 76 90 100 100 100 79 72 87 54 96 …

106

Total 2000– 2008

2007 >95l … … … >95 >95 <5l … >95 … 9l 30 <5t <5l … … 61l 18l <5t 89t 88l 19 … 36 … … 31 >95 40 … … … 31 … <5 … 33 11t 27l … … … … <5l <5l <5 >95 … …

>95l … … … >95 >95 <5l … >95 … 94l 82 <5t 45l … … >95l 56l 17t >95t >95l 88 … 91 … … 92 >95 92 … … … 91 … 46 … 81 80t 70l … … … … 24l 42l 20 >95 … …

Low birthweight newbornsc (%)

>95l <5l,w <5n <5n >95 >95 <5l 10 >95 <5n 31 60 <5t 15 44 <5n 77l 32l 7t >95t >95t 57 5 82 <5n <5n 56 >95 79 5 <5n <5n 66 <5l,w 16 … 52 36 47t <5n <5n <5l,w <5l,w 15l 23l 7 >95 <5n <5

14 7 4 8 17 13 9 22 19 6 18 34 14 8 18 … 6 4 15 15 15 16 27 21 … 6 8 27 14 0 5 9 32 9 10 10 9 8 20 6 8 10 4 6 8 6 6 11 11

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 Children aged <5 yearse (%)

Stunted

MDG1 Underweight

Adults aged ≥15 years who are obesef (%)

29 … … … 51 57 … 10 38 … 27 19 … … … … 57 19 31 30 11 24 67 53 … … 31 10 13 … … … 37 … … … 22 73 34 … … … … 46 16 … 88 … …

1990– 1999 45.3 20.7 … … 55.5 55.8 20.7 46.7 36.2 … … 49.8 … 21.7 … … 30.1 9.7 29.9 45.3 47.6 35.7 … 61.1 … … 28.3 47.0 39.7 … … 12.9 42.7 … 21.5 … 18.3 31.6 38.3 … … 11.6 … … 15.3 … 56.8 … …

2000– 2009 39.4 21.0 … … 52.8 53.2 … 31.9 38.5 … … 24.2 … 15.5 … … 27.5 7.9 23.1 47.0 40.6 29.6 … 49.3 … … 18.8 54.8 41.0 … … … 41.5 … 19.1 43.9 … 29.8 33.8 … … … … 11.3 12.8 … 51.7 … …

1990– 1999 22.8 4.3 … … 35.5 24.4 16.7 41.5 38.2 … … 20.3 … 6.0 … … 10.8 0.6 8.1 28.1 25.0 21.5 … 38.2 … … 10.0 45.0 27.3 … … 11.3 35.3 … 6.3 … 2.8 5.7 28.3 … … 4.8 … … 3.4 … 24.3 … …

2000– 2009 20.4 5.6 … … 36.8 15.5 … 25.7 27.9 … … 16.7 … 3.4 … … 5.3 2.2 9.9 21.2 29.6 17.5 … 38.8 … … 4.3 39.9 26.7 … … … 31.3 … 3.9 18.1 … 5.4 20.7 … … … … 3.2 3.5 … 18.0 … …

(litres of pure alcohol per person per year)

Overweight

Male 2000– 2009

Prevalence of Alcohol smoking any consumptobacco product tion among adults among aged ≥15 yearsh adults (%) aged ≥15 yearsg

1990– 1999 4.6 … … … 2.9 9.9 5.5 6.9 2.1 … … … … 7.6 … … 7.0 22.0 10.7 6.0 11.6 4.5 … 0.4 … … 4.0 1.2 … … … 1.6 1.6 … 6.2 … 6.3 9.9 1.9 … … 10.4 … … 10.1 … 4.0 … …

2000– 2009 4.2 22.4 … … 6.2 11.3 … 3.9 4.7 … … … … 7.6 … … 14.2 15.6 13.3 6.3 2.4 4.6 … 0.6 … … 5.2 3.5 10.5 … … … 4.8 … … 3.4 … 9.1 2.4 … … … … 9.1 8.3 … 6.7 … …

Female

2000–2009 … … 20.6p,v,s … … … 13.9p,v … … 22.2p,r,s … … 5.6p,r 24.2p,r … … 7.2v … 8.2p,r … … … 50.3q … 8.6p,r,s 24.7r 33.1p,r … … … 11.0p,r,s 16.7p,r … … 14.4p,r … … 11.5p,r 3.0p,r 15.7p,r 15.0p,v … 2.8p,r,s … 7.7r 11.8p,q,s … … …

2005 q

5.7 … 19.2p,v,s … 1.0q 2.4q 18.8p,v … 5.2q 19.3p,r,s … 16.7q 13.7p,r 34.5p,r … … 12.5v … 11.0q 3.9q … 11.7q 56.0q 0.9q 10.8p,r,s 26.0r 35.2p,r 3.2q 6.0q … 8.0p,r,s 23.8p,r … … 21.8p,r … … 12.5q 5.7p,r 19.9p,r 13.4p,v … 3.5p,r,s 18.2q 9.5r 20.1p,q,s 1.1q … …

3.5 0.0 12.5 11.7 0.8 1.1 0.5 … 0.5 5.3o … <0.1 2.6 5.1 3.3 … 1.4 … 0.5 1.5 0.1 6.5 2.3 0.2 9.5 9.3 3.7 <0.1 9.7 7.7 6.4 0.7 <0.1 11.3 5.9 1.5 6.4 3.1 4.2 9.5 12.2 0.9 11.8 … 10.5 11.0 7.0 10.3o 12.7o 107

Male

Female 2006

13.1 … 49.9 38.8 … 21.4 52.6 44.5 18.3 32.1 35.7 33.7 34.2 36.4 29.8 … 45.6 … 30.4 20.9 42.6 24.1 47.5 35.8 33.3 22.2 … … 11.9 … 30.5 20.5 35.4 37.7 … … 32.9 … 53.2 29.6 33.7 … 53.3 44.7 45.5 70.1 … … 28.4

Prevalence of current tobacco use among adolescents aged 13–15 yearsi (%)

Male

Female

… … 21.7 30.4 … 5.4 2.6 11.8 2.5 20.7 6.1 5.1 0.9 12.4 18.0 … 6.5 … 0.2 3.1 14.8 9.5 54.0 27.9 27.5 20.0 … … 1.0 … 29.7 1.3 6.5 9.3 … … 15.2 … 12.2 37.7 15.5 … 5.7 5.4 24.1 27.7 … … 12.1

14.2 15.5 38.4 … 33.2 16.7 35.1 8.5 23.1 … … 27.5 20.3 27.8m 51.9 … 25.7 6.6 12.5 12.7m 22.5 28.6 … 13.0 … 18.7 30.4m 15.2 19.2m … … 17.8 12.4m 58.3 10.5 55.4 20.8 19.9m 28.2 26.0m … 25.2 14.9 20.8 18.4 30.1 13.3 18.2 22.4

Male

Female

2000–2007

2000–2009 m

MDG 6 Prevalence of condom use by adults aged 15–49 years at higher-risk sexj (%)

11.8 6.1 28.8 … 14.3 11.4 9.4 3.4 8.8 … … 17.7 7.7 28.5m 39.8 … 16.0 5.9 8.2 7.4m 8.2 22.9 … 5.3 … 21.5 20.5m 8.0 11.1m … … 11.3 7.5m 42.4 6.5 40.3 12.9 18.2m 17.3 31.7m … 13.1 10.6 7.1 10.4 24.4 9.5 13.6 14.5

… … … … 9 20 … … 12 … 20 … … … … … … … … 19 … 74 … 30 … … … 7 22 … … … … … … … … … 22 … … … … 45 … … 8 … …

… … … … 2 16 … … 8 … 11 … … … … … … … … 14 … 66 … … … … 19 8 13 … … … … … … … … 31 … … … … … 22 … … 14 … …

MDG 6 Population aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDSk (%)

Male

Female

2000–2007 … … … … 16 36 … … 22 … 39 … … … … … … … … 33 … 62 … 44 … … … 16 21 … … … … … … … … … 18 … … … … … … … 54 … …

… … … … 19 24 … … 18 … 27 … … … … … 35 30 12 20 … 65 … 28 … … 22 13 18 … … … … … … … … 19 12 … … … … … … … 51 … …

Table 5

Infants exclusively breastfed for the ﬁrst 6 months of lifed (%)

5. Risk factors Member State

MDG 7 Population using improved drinking-water sourcesa (%)

Urban

Rural

Total

MDG 7 Population using improved sanitationa (%)

Population using solid fuelsb (%)

Urban

Urban Rural

Rural

Total

Low birthweight newbornsc (%)

Total 2000– 2008

1990

2008

1990

2008

1990

2008

1990

2008

1990

2008

1990

2008

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

… 99 … … 97 88 … … … 100 … 100 … … 98 100 91 85 99 … 100 100 96 … 97 …

… … … 89 97 92 99 100 86 100 100 100 … 67 99 100 98 64 97 92 100 100 94 94 99 100

… 89 … … 63 43 … … … … … 99 … … 66 100 62 58 … … 100 100 75 … 89 …

… … … 88 … 52 98 … 26 … 100 99 … 9 78 100 88 52 81 61 100 100 84 61 98 99

… 91 … … 89 61 … … … 100 … 100 … … 83 100 67 65 … … 100 100 85 … 91 …

… … … 89 … 69 99 … 49 100 100 99 … 30 91 100 90 57 93 69 100 100 89 70 98 100

… 100 … … 100 62 … … … 99 100 100 98 … 80 100 85 63 90 … 100 100 94 93 93 …

… 100 … 30 100 69 96 97 24 100 100 100 98 52 84 100 88 55 90 61 100 100 96 95 95 92

96 98 … … … 22 … … … … 100 100 … … 58 100 67 23 … … 100 100 72 … 74 …

96 100 … 19 … 38 88 … 6 … 99 100 … 6 65 100 92 18 66 53 100 100 95 94 96 82

… 98 … … … 38 … … … 99 100 100 … … 69 100 70 34 … … 100 100 83 … 80 …

… 100 … 26 … 51 92 … 13 100 100 100 … 23 77 100 91 34 84 55 100 100 96 94 96 89

… … … … … 17 14l … >95t … <5l … 60t >95t 7 <5l 32t … … 14 … … <5l <5 11l 25l

… … … … … 86 61l … >95t … <5l … >95t >95t 41 <5l 81t … … 77 … … <5l 35 47l 55l

… 44 <5n … <5n 51 34 <5l >95 <5n <5l 8l 92 >95t 17 <5l 72 90 … 58 <5n <5n <5l 21 25 37l

8 4 … 8 11 19 5 … 24 8 7 … 13 … 15 6 18 31 13 9 4 6 9 10 9 6

… 79 … 92 95 94 97 92 78 99 100 100 94 100 98 97 91 93 88 … 89 99

86 87 100 98 99 100 97 98 91 98 100 100 80 100 100 98 96 … 99 72 87 99

… 36 … 88 62 73 … 89 39 … 100 100 46 94 79 85 49 71 51 … 23 70

63 41 100 93 84 96 … 97 64 97 100 100 45 94 100 81 79 … 92 57 46 72

… 49 … 88 81 85 … 90 43 … 100 100 55 99 96 90 57 90 58 … 49 78

69 60 100 94 94 99 … 97 67 98 100 100 54 99 100 87 82 … 94 62 60 82

… 25 98 93 95 96 99 86 35 97 98 100 27 100 95 95 … 89 61 64 62 58

76 24 98 92 96 97 99 88 38 97 98 100 32 100 100 100 66 … 94 94 59 56

… 8 96 93 44 66 97 76 40 91 95 100 23 99 83 76 … 45 29 6 36 37

40 3 96 92 64 75 97 81 49 90 95 100 21 99 99 100 48 … 67 33 43 37

… 13 96 93 74 84 98 80 39 95 97 100 24 100 94 84 … 82 35 18 46 43

50 12 96 92 85 90 98 84 48 95 97 100 24 100 100 100 51 … 75 52 49 44

… >95l 9l … <5t … <5l … 95 <5t <5l … 85 … <5t <5t 53l … 20 <5 62 19

… >95l 50l … <5t … <5l … >95 15t <5l … >95 … 23 26t >95l … 72 53 >95 >95

… >95l 45 <5l <5t … <5l,w 25 >95 7t <5l <5n 94 <5n <5 16t 85 … 61 36 86 71

12 12 3 19 5 16 4 5 14 4 15 8 10 8 9 5 10 9 7 32 11 11

108

2007

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 Children aged <5 yearse (%)

Stunted

MDG1 Underweight

Adults aged ≥15 years who are obesef (%)

Overweight

Male 2000– 2009

1990– 1999

2000– 2009

1990– 1999

2000– 2009

1990– 1999

2000– 2009

Female

2000–2009

Prevalence of Alcohol smoking any consumptobacco product tion among adults among aged ≥15 yearsh adults (%) aged ≥15 yearsg (litres of pure alcohol per person per year)

2005

Male

Female 2006

Prevalence of current tobacco use among adolescents aged 13–15 yearsi (%)

Male

Female

2000–2009

MDG 6 Prevalence of condom use by adults aged 15–49 years at higher-risk sexj (%)

Male

Female

2000–2007

MDG 6 Population aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDSk (%)

Male

Female

2000–2007

… … … 51 … 34 15 … 11 … … … 74 9 7 … 76 34 9 32 … 14 29 25 5 16

… 6.4 … … 21.4 33.7 9.9 … … … … … … … 30.9 … 26.1 40.3 14.5 … … … 26.5 41.5 18.1 8.0

… … … 29.3 9.3 20.1 8.1 … 37.4 4.4 … … 32.8 42.1 … … 17.3 37.9 … 29.5 … … 28.6 33.1 15.7 11.5

… 1.7 … … 13.5 21.9 0.5 … … … … … … … 10.1 … 29.3 34.9 11.4 … … … 11.3 … 15.4 1.9

… … … 13.1 5.3 14.5 1.8 … 21.3 3.3 … … 11.5 32.8 … … 21.1 31.7 … 6.1 … … 10.0 14.9 7.0 1.8

… 6.2 … … 1.2 4.0 17.8 … … … … … … … 9.6 … … 2.3 2.9 … … … … … 4.7 9.6

… … … … 6.1 2.4 19.3 … 10.1 2.6 … … 2.5 4.7 … … 1.6 5.3 … 11.4 … … 18.7 6.7 8.0 16.2

… … 44.9p,v 66.3p,v … … … … 28.3v 43.8v … 7.2q … … 15.0p,v 35.2p,v … 9.3q p,r,s 6.7 4.7p,r,s v,s 13.5 15.0v,s p,v,s 16.5 13.8p,v,s q 5.2 14.5q … … 8.8r 27.4r 15.7p,r,s 15.4p,r,s … 7.2q … … … … 3.9q 23.1q p,r,s 13.0 12.0p,r,s r,s 8.7 7.8r,s p,v 15.5 27.7p,v … 7.1p,q p,v 3.3 10.2p,v … …

5.9 3.6 … 5.4 0.5 0.3 10.1 11.9o 6.5 2.1o 11.0 10.5 1.1 0.0 7.0 10.0 0.3 1.4 5.4 5.0 6.6 10.1 1.1 0.4 6.5 5.8

18.8 58.5 … 22.2 22.9 18.5 39.6 32.3 … 36.3 41.3 31.6 … … 29.5 37.0 32.4 27.8 17.0 23.0 17.3 32.5 42.9 … 43.1 …

6.0 22.9 … 9.7 3.7 1.4 26.7 6.4 … 5.9 20.3 21.3 … … 9.4 27.2 2.1 3.0 2.8 2.7 23.3 23.1 … … 2.0 …

22.0 25.8 … … 20.2 20.4 10.8 27.1 20.3m 10.5 28.5 16.9 43.9 15.5m 29.3 … 12.4 9.5 20.7 15.8 … … 38.6 6.8 24.0 11.9

16.6 20.4 … … 10.7 9.6 9.6 25.3 24.1m 7.5 24.5 24.2 37.0 12.3m 20.1 … 5.8 4.3 16.6 8.6 … … 19.5 2.8 7.5 11.7

… … … … … 31 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 56 … … … … … …

… … … … … 21 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 57 … … … … … …

… … … … … 26 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 52 … … … … … …

… … … 44 … 21 42 … 17 … … … … 4 … … … … 41 52 … … 7 3 46 27

31 48 … 13 6 42 11 35 60 18 … <1 41 12 57 26 40 … 17 12 61 22

… 29.8 … … 30.9 19.1 … … 45.0 … … … 48.3 3.2 13.4 39.0 25.7 18.3 43.7 59.3 57.9 33.7

55.7 26.9 … 5.3 9.0 15.6 … 10.0 38.7 22.9 … … 44.4 3.9 13.9 19.6 … 15.6 30.5 57.7 45.8 35.8

… 23.2 … … 8.1 7.0 … … 21.5 … … … 25.3 0.9 3.9 15.3 10.6 4.1 31.1 47.6 19.6 11.5

40.6 20.5 … 4.4 3.3 3.5 … 1.6 16.4 4.1 … … 16.7 1.3 6.0 4.4 … 3.7 20.2 43.1 14.9 14.0

… 2.6 … … 25.4 4.0 … … 5.1 … … … 3.3 5.4 9.6 18.5 … 5.2 1.8 3.7 12.3 10.6

5.7 … … 4.9 8.8 9.1 … 6.3 4.9 26.5 … … 4.9 8.0 9.4 12.8 … 6.1 3.0 5.0 8.4 9.1

… … … … 56.1v 74.9v … … 5.8p,r,s 15.3p,r,s 15.6p,r 23.9q … 10.3q q 46.6 67.6q … 4.1q … 11.3q p,r 17.1 31.4p,r p,r 24.0 24.0p,r … 4.4q p,r 31.1 33.2p,r p,r 18.0 22.0p,r v 5.4 7.1q,s v 14.4 25.2v … … 0.3p,r 0.6p,r … … … 5.4q 3.9p,r 7.2q

0.3 1.0 4.0o 6.0 1.1 1.3 2.3 1.3 11.9 8.5 0.3 11.5 5.2 8.5 6.6 1.8 0.8o 6.9 1.2 0.0 2.3 3.8

… … 62.3 … 57.6 51.3 … 53.6 18.9 64.5 25.0 26.1 23.8 25.4 38.7 23.4 49.6 31.6 44.0 29.1 20.9 32.9

… … 15.0 … 7.3 19.5 … 20.9 4.2 24.1 2.6 23.5 4.0 19.3 28.5 3.4 7.2 26.5 2.4 5.8 4.6 4.2

60.2 17.7 … 20.8 27.8 14.4 … 41.6 17.3 29.8 25.2 … 12.4m 18.2 21.4 2.7m 34.1 13.0m 6.5 14.5 25.7m 14.9m

53.4 7.9 … 17.8 8.8 7.4 … 32.7 15.3 22.2 13.2 … 8.8m 15.9 24.5 1.6m 19.6 12.2m 1.5 10.5 25.6m 8.2m

… … … … … … … … 42 46 … … 29 … … … … … 58 … 28 36

… … … … … … … … 41 48 … … 21 … … … … … … … 33 41

… … … … … … … … 38 43 … … 40 … … … … … 50 … 37 46

… 28 … 28 … … … … 32 42 … … 45 … … 31 … … 42 … 34 44

109

Table 5

Infants exclusively breastfed for the ﬁrst 6 months of lifed (%)

5. Risk factors Member State

MDG 7 Population using improved drinking-water sourcesa (%)

Urban

Rural

Total

MDG 7 Population using improved sanitationa (%)

Population using solid fuelsb (%)

Urban

Urban Rural

Rural

Total

Low birthweight newbornsc (%)

Total 2000– 2008

1990

2008

1990

2008

1990

2008

1990

2008

1990

2008

1990

2008

2007

30 97 100

52 98 100

8 74 100

9 87 100

17 88 100

30 94 100

11 91 100

15 92 100

0 60 100

3 75 100

4 74 100

9 84 100

<5 18 >95

<5 80 99

<5 15 >95

0 9 34

84 97 91 99 95 97

84 98 93 99 93 98

36 74 67 91 76 58

48 85 83 94 76 83

50 91 73 96 85 71

61 96 86 98 83 90

47 89 54 97 85 64

47 92 60 97 83 69

23 60 16 85 32 42

26 70 31 87 45 56

30 81 26 94 53 49

34 87 40 94 61 62

51 <5 28 … 14 23

90 53 87 24 58 71

78 9 62 <5 34 43

14 8 24 6 21 6

86 93 96 100

86 95 98 100

48 62 74 97

60 81 87 98

57 71 89 99

67 86 95 100

46 58 87 100

52 62 90 100

22 28 56 99

37 40 68 99

27 37 77 100

42 49 85 100

62 23 <5 …

90 76 34 …

83 51 10 <5

15 17 7 8

RANGES OF COUNTRY VALUES Minimum Median Maximum

WHO REGION African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Paciﬁc Region

INCOME GROUP Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income

GLOBAL

110

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 Children aged <5 yearse (%)

MDG1 Underweight

Stunted

Adults aged ≥15 years who are obesef (%)

Overweight

Male

Female

Prevalence of Alcohol smoking any consumptobacco product tion among adults among aged ≥15 yearsh adults (%) aged ≥15 yearsg (litres of pure alcohol per person per year)

Male

Female

Prevalence of current tobacco use among adolescents aged 13–15 yearsi (%)

Male

Female

MDG 6 Prevalence of condom use by adults aged 15–49 years at higher-risk sexj (%)

Male

Female

MDG 6 Population aged 15–24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDSk (%)

Male

Female

1990– 1999

2000– 2009

1990– 1999

2000– 2009

1990– 1999

2000– 2009

<1 29 88

0.0 31.7 62.4

1.3 29.1 63.1

0.0 14.1 52.0

0.5 11.8 43.5

0.4 5.7 25.4

0.6 6.8 26.5

0.3 14.4 57.4

0.6 15.0 74.9

0.0 4.5 16.2

9.0 33.3 70.1

0.2 9.3 54.0

2.7 20.8 65.8

1.5 13.1 54.1

7 31 74

<1 22 66

5 34 62

3 26 65

31 31 43 23 36 …

… … … … … …

4.3 6.7 0.7 9.5 0.3 4.7

17.7 26.8 39.4 44.6 32.0 56.5

2.8 17.0 4.6 24.3 4.4 4.8

20.1 20.8 20.7 21.5 17.8 9.5

13.1 19.5 7.7 16.6 10.3 5.4

… … … … … …

30 … 36 … … …

23 … 21 … … …

38 37 34 12

… … … …

1.6 2.8 6.6 9.4

30.9 47.7 41.1 33.1

4.8 4.4 19.1 19.8

15.2 16.7 23.3 …

9.8 8.0 19.4 15.5

… … … …

0 33 … …

0 24 … …

…

4.4

41.1

8.9

17.5

10.4

…

2000– 2009

2000–2009

2005

111

2006

2000–2009

2000–2007

Table 5

Infants exclusively breastfed for the ﬁrst 6 months of lifed (%)

Table 6

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Health workforce, infrastructure and essential medicines This section presents data on the resources available to the health system â&#x20AC;&#x201C; this includes physicians; nurses and midwives; other health-care workers; and hospital beds. The table also includes the MDG target23 indicator on access to essential medicines. Such data are essential in enabling governments to determine how best to meet the healthrelated needs of their populations. Estimates of the numbers and density of the health workforce (Figure 12 and Box 5) refer to the active health workforce â&#x20AC;&#x201C; i.e. those currently participating in the health labour market. The data are derived from multiple sources, including national population censuses; labour-force and employment surveys; health-facility assessments; and routine administrative information systems.24 This diversity of sources means there is considerable variability in the coverage and quality of the data. Figures may be under-estimated or over-estimated where it is not possible to distinguish whether they include health workers in the private sector, or to identify the double counting of health workers holding two or more jobs at different locations. In addition health service providers may be working outside the health-care sector, working in unpaid and/ or unregulated conditions, or not currently engaged in the national health labour market. The density of hospital beds can be used to indicate the availability of inpatient services. Statistics on hospitalbed density are generally drawn from routine administrative records but in some settings only public-sector beds are included. Data on the availability of medicines are poor in most developing countries. However, data on availability and consumer prices for selected generic medicines have been derived from surveys of medicine prices and availability conducted using WHO/Health Action International (HAI) standard methods between 2001 and 2008. In individual surveys, availability is reported as the percentage of medicine outlets in which a medicine was found on the day of data collection. As baskets of medicines differ by country, results are not strictly comparable across countries. The consumer price ratio is an expression of how much greater or less the local medicine price is than the international reference price.

23 24

MDG 8; Target 8.E: In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries. These include registries on public expenditure, stafďŹ ng and payroll, as well as records of professional training, registration and licensure.

113

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Figure 12: Global distribution of the health workforce (per 10 000 population) 2000–2009

Physicians

Physician density (per 10 000 population) <5 5–19.9 20–29.9 ≥30 Data not available

Nurses

Nurse/midwife density (per 10 000 population) <20 20–49.9 50–99.9 ≥100 Data not available 114

Table 6

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Box 5: Health workforce distribution

Figure 12 illustrates the density of physicians and nursing and midwifery personnel as the number of physicians and nurses/midwives per 10 000 population. From the data presented, three major conclusions emerge: In general, countries with the lowest density for both physicians and nurses/midwives are in the WHO African Region. European countries have the highest physician densities. The highest nurse/midwife densities are found in the more-developed regions of the world.

115

6. Health workforce, infrastructure and essential medicines Health workforcea

Member State Physicians Number

Nursing and midwifery personnel Density

Number

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti

5 970 3 626 40 857 249 1 165 … 122 623 11 088 19 612 31 175 32 388 … 2 227 42 881 … 46 965 44 124 251 542 52 10 329 5 540 715 320 013 400 27 911 921 200 2 047 3 124 62 307 310 331 345 17 250 1 862 630 58 761 115 401 20 5 204 2 746 11 799 72 416 1 950 36 815 74 597 5 827 17 226 140

Density

Number

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009 2 11 12 37 1 … 32 37 10 38 38 … 30 3 … 49 42 11 1 <0.5 12 14 4 17 11 37 1 <0.5 2 2 19 6 1 <0.5 11 14 14 2 1 12 13 1 26 64 23 36 33 1 32 2

Dentistry personnel

14 930 12 746 65 919 280 18 485 … 18 685 14 601 222 133 54 580 71 833 … 4 354 39 471 … 121 114 5 505 303 7 129 545 18 091 18 332 4 753 549 423 2 120 35 645 10 539 1 348 11 125 26 042 327 224 714 1 613 2 499 10 000 1 259 240 23 940 588 3 492 80 3 653 9 231 25 397 97 800 3 361 91 311 93 414 28 789 53 133 450

116

Density

Number

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009 5 40 19 42 13 … 5 49 109 66 84 … 58 3 … 126 5 13 8 2 21 47 26 29 61 47 7 2 8 16 100 13 4 3 6 10 6 7 8 47 9 5 56 86 40 90 41 5 98 6

Pharmaceutical personnel

900 1 035 11 010 47 222 … 35 592 1 163 29 624 4 490 2 522 … 334 2 344 … 4 784 8 305 32 37 65 5 997 629 38 217 217 70 6 432 28 14 209 147 38 310 11 13 15 6 750 136 520 33 951 29 12 10 1 905 274 3 265 20 158 715 6 948 8 315 159 4 266 60

Density (per 10 000 population)

2000–2009 <0.5 3 3 7 <0.5 … 9 4 15 5 3 … 4 <0.5 … 5 8 1 <0.5 <0.5 7 2 <0.5 12 2 8 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 12 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 4 1 8 <0.5 <0.5 6 5 <0.5 7 18 8 7 4 <0.5 8 1

900 1 237 8 232 73 919 … 19 510 163 15 339 5 076 1 609 … 644 9 411 … 2 994 12 109 … 20 87 4 670 308 333 104 098 30 1 020 347 76 564 700 27 078 43 17 37 … 351 620 … 41 63 2 2 101 413 2 607 7 047 160 5 785 13 497 1 200 3 723 41

<0.5 4 2 11 1 … 5 1 8 6 2 … 9 1 … 3 12 … <0.5 <0.5 6 1 2 6 1 1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 8 1 <0.5 <0.5 … 3 … 1 <0.5 1 5 <0.5 6 6 2 6 6 <0.5 7 1

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 Hospital bedsb (per 10 000 population)

Health workforcea

Number

Density

Community health workers Number

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009 … … 2 429 … … … … … … … … … 294 6 091 … … … … 217 80 … … 172 167 080 … … 36 … … 28 1 375 9 55 230 … … … 17 19 … 1 266 1 419 … 3 419 … … 2 685 … … 20

Essential medicines

Density

Public

Private

Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicinesd Public

Private

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009 … … 1 … … … … … … … … … 4 <0.5 … … … … <0.5 <0.5 … … 1 10 … … <0.5 … … <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 … … … <0.5 <0.5 … 3 1 … 3 … … 1 … … <0.5

MDG 8

Median availability of selected generic medicinesc (%)

… … … … … … … … 1 012 … … … … 21 000 … … … … … 195 … … … … … … 1 238 548 … … … 65 99 154 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

2000–2009 … … … … … … … … <0.5 … … … … 1 … … … … … 1 … … … … … … 1 1 … … … 1 <0.5 <0.5 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

2001–2008

4 29 17e 26 8e 17 41 41 39 78 79 32 20 4 76 112 53 12h 5e 17 11 30 18e 24 26 64 9e 7e … 15e 34 21e 12e 4e 23 30 10 22e 16e 63 13 4e 53 60 37 81 132 8e 35 …

117

… … … … … … … …f … … … … … … … … … … … … 31.9 … … … … … … … … 58.3 … … … 31.3 … 19.2i 86.7j … 21.2 … … … … … … … … … … …

2001–2008 … … … … … … … …g … … … … … … … … … … … … 86.7 … … … … … … … … 52.5 … … … 13.6 … 10.0i 87.9 … 31.3 … … … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … …f … … … … … … … … … … … … 3.5 … … … … … … … … 2.2 … … … 3.9 … 1.5i …j … 6.5 … … … … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … 3.4 … … … … … … … … … … … … 4.5 … … … … … … … … 13.6 … … … 15.1 … 1.1i 3.1 … 11.5 … … … … … … … … … … …

Table 6

Environment and public health workers

6. Health workforce, infrastructure and essential medicines Health workforcea

Member State Physicians Number

Nursing and midwifery personnel Density

Number

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009 Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Luxembourg

… 15 670 18 335 179 900 7 938 153 215 4 414 1 806 380 17 503 227 683 395 62 19 951 288 182 2 587 59 599 … … 940 78 366 … 3 676 27 957 1 120 643 520 29 499 61 870 15 994 13 141 25 314 215 000 2 253 270 371 15 279 57 387 4 506 20 4 840 12 395 2 000 6 940 11 760 89 51 7 070 13 729 1 326

Density

Number

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009 … 19 15 24 12 3 1 33 <0.5 5 33 37 3 <0.5 45 35 1 54 … … 1 <0.5 5 … 6 28 38 6 1 9 5 31 36 37 9 21 26 39 1 2 18 23 3 30 33 1 <0.5 12 40 29

Dentistry personnel

… 15 352 20 586 248 010 5 103 271 2 505 9 247 19 158 1 660 46 930 494 895 6 778 927 17 119 661 000 22 834 38 727 … … 401 953 1 738 … 8 528 92 488 2 960 1 372 059 179 959 98 020 31 782 67 245 42 812 403 000 4 374 1 210 633 18 555 115 944 37 113 260 9 940 30 495 5 600 12 909 4 720 1 123 978 27 160 25 751 4 820

118

Density

Number

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009 … 18 17 34 8 5 6 70 2 20 89 81 50 6 39 80 10 35 … … <0.5 6 23 … 13 92 101 13 8 14 10 158 61 69 16 95 32 78 12 30 37 57 10 57 13 6 3 48 76 104

Pharmaceutical personnel

… 7 000 2 062 25 170 3 465 15 16 1 175 93 60 4 490 41 422 66 23 1 219 63 100 148 14 180 … … 33 6 30 … 1 371 4 245 286 55 344 7 093 13 210 3 515 2 537 7 814 37 000 212 95 197 4 891 5 717 1 340 3 810 1 021 … 1 552 4 058 16 4 850 2 395 359

Density (per 10 000 population)

2000–2009 … 8 2 3 5 <0.5 <0.5 9 <0.5 1 9 7 1 <0.5 3 8 <0.5 13 … … <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 … 2 4 10 1 <0.5 2 1 6 11 6 1 7 8 4 <0.5 <0.5 3 2 … 7 11 <0.5 <0.5 2 7 8

… 3 330 … 92 540 … 121 107 869 1 201 90 8 086 72 160 63 49 249 49 528 1 673 8 977 … … 199 38 … … 926 5 483 312 592 577 7 580 13 900 3 357 4 108 5 310 44 000 … 241 369 8 087 12 651 3 094 2 1 340 86 … … 4 105 62 269 1 130 2 743 405

… 4 … 12 … 2 <0.5 7 <0.5 1 16 12 1 <0.5 1 6 1 8 … … <0.5 <0.5 … … 1 5 11 6 <0.5 2 1 10 8 8 … 19 14 9 1 <0.5 5 <0.5 … … 11 <0.5 1 2 8 8

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 Hospital bedsb (per 10 000 population)

Health workforcea

Number

Density

Community health workers Number

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009 … … … 9 531 … 18 88 115 1 109 … … … 150 79 … … 35 … … … 67 58 … … 215 … … … 6 493 10 004 2 601 … … … … … 1 412 … 6 496 … … … … … … 55 40 … … …

Essential medicines

Density

Public

Private

Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicinesd Public

Private

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009 … … … 1 … <0.5 <0.5 1 <0.5 … … … 1 <0.5 … … <0.5 … … … <0.5 <0.5 … … <0.5 … … … <0.5 1 1 … … … … … 3 … 2 … … … … … … <0.5 <0.5 … … …

MDG 8

Median availability of selected generic medicinesc (%)

… … … … … 308 … … 24 571 … … … … 117 … … 4 502 … … … … 2 355 … … … … … 50 393 … 25 242 149 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

2000–2009 … … … … … 6 … … 3 … … … … 1 … … 2 … … … … 15 … … … … … <0.5 … 4 <0.5 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

2001–2008

38 10h 6h 21 8h 19h 12e 56 2h 21 68 72 13h 11e 33 83 9e 48 26 6h 3e 10e 19 13 7h 71 75 9 6 14 13 53 58 39 17h 139 18 77 14e 15 18 51 12 76 34 13e 7e 37 81 63

119

… … 41.7 … 53.8 … … … 52.9 …f … … … … … … 17.9 … … … … … … … … … … 20.5l 46.7 96.7 … … … … … … 27.8 0.0 37.7 … 12.0 …f … … 0.0 … … … … …

2001–2008 … … 71.7 … 69.2 … … … 88.0 75.0 … … … … … … 44.6 … … … … … … … … … … 75.4l 62.1 96.7 … … … … … … 80.0 70.0 72.4 … 0.0 80.0 … … 83.8 … … … … …

… … …k … …k … … … 1.3 …f … … … … … … 2.4 … … … … … … … … … … …k 2.5 1.3 … … … … … … 0.9 4.8 2.0 … …k …f … … …k … … … … …

… … 5.0 … 28.3 … … … 2.2 2.7 … … … … … … 3.8 … … … … … … … … … … 1.8l 2.8 1.3 … … … … … … 10.5 3.7 3.3 … 15.7 2.6 … … 6.1 … … … … …

Table 6

Environment and public health workers

6. Health workforce, infrastructure and essential medicines Health workforcea

Member State Physicians Number

Nursing and midwifery personnel Density

Number

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009 Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia

3 150 257 17 020 302 1 060 1 357 24 445 1 303 303 519 60 … 6 732 1 233 18 269 548 17 791 598 10 5 384 64 417 8 190 2 045 288 55 376 4 18 143 4 908 127 859 30 4 431 275 6 355 … 90 370 77 479 36 138 2 313 81 998 11 167 41 455 614 183 221 46 … 89 50 … 81 41 870

Density

Number

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009 2 <0.5 7 9 1 34 5 1 11 29 6 … 26 20 6 <0.5 4 3 8 2 39 21 4 <0.5 4 20 39 18 8 16 15 1 11 … 12 20 34 28 17 27 19 43 <0.5 11 … 8 3 … 5 16

Dentistry personnel

5 661 3 896 43 380 886 2 882 2 540 152 2 303 4 604 417 665 250 … 8 826 3 442 24 328 6 214 49 341 6 145 63 11 825 248 810 33 249 5 862 2 115 224 943 22 76 173 10 394 62 651 120 8 158 2 841 10 261 … 480 910 199 700 50 955 6 185 210 640 27 815 90 698 1 214 292 4 050 198 … 447 310 … 308 93 735

120

Density

Number

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009 3 3 18 27 2 63 30 7 37 40 23 … 34 55 8 3 10 31 48 5 151 87 11 1 16 110 163 39 4 60 28 5 18 … 61 52 48 74 44 66 42 85 4 47 … 38 17 … 19 36

Pharmaceutical personnel

57 211 2 160 14 15 175 4 93 233 148 456 10 … 337 248 3 091 159 1 396 113 1 359 8 113 1 620 243 16 3 781 2 4 108 524 15 790 … 2 231 90 3 182 … 43 220 12 187 6 149 486 65 916 1 566 4 360 45 628 35 17 … 5 10 … 11 6 049

Density (per 10 000 population)

2000–2009 <0.5 <0.5 1 <0.5 <0.5 4 1 <0.5 2 14 1 … 1 4 1 <0.5 <0.5 1 1 <0.5 5 4 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 10 9 2 1 … 8 <0.5 6 … 6 3 6 6 14 4 2 3 <0.5 4 … <0.5 1 … 1 2

175 293 2 880 241 214 630 2 123 1 428 79 925 20 … 1 093 105 7 366 817 127 288 10 358 2 871 3 920 … 21 18 682 1 3 239 1 200 8 102 … 2 526 … 1 868 … 46 360 22 442 10 320 1 056 53 492 2 993 901 11 521 14 21 … … 20 … 24 15 043

<0.5 <0.5 1 7 <0.5 16 <0.5 <0.5 12 8 2 … 4 2 2 <0.5 <0.5 1 8 <0.5 2 10 … <0.5 1 5 7 5 1 … 9 … 3 … 6 6 10 13 11 7 <0.5 1 <0.5 5 … … 1 … 2 6

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 Hospital bedsb (per 10 000 population)

Health workforcea

Number

Density

Community health workers Number

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009 130 318 … … 262 … … 196 238 … … … 85 … 737 564 1 757 240 … 172 … … … 137 4 280 … … 197 106 … 948 … 133 … … … … … … … … 72 515 36 17 … … … … 19 …

Essential medicines

Density

Public

Private

Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicinesd Public

Private

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009 <0.5 <0.5 … … <0.5 … … 1 2 … … … <0.5 … <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 1 … <0.5 … … … <0.5 <0.5 … … 1 <0.5 … 3 … <0.5 … … … … … … … … 5 <0.5 4 … … … … 1 …

MDG 8

Median availability of selected generic medicinesc (%)

385 10 055 … 515 68 … … … 236 … … … … … … … 44 293 … … 16 206 … 5 259 … … 19 268 … … … 65 999 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 12 000 65 … 45 … … 150 …

2000–2009 <0.5 7 … 16 <0.5 … … … 2 … … … … … … … 9 … … 6 … 14 … … 1 … … … 4 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 14 15 … 4 … … 9 …

2001–2008 e

3 11e 18 26 6m 78 … 4e 33e 17h 33 … 60 40 11 8e 6 27h 35 50 48 62 9h 3e 5e 52 39 20 6 50 22 … 13 15 5 52 35 25 86 61 65 97 16e 55 28 30 10 … 32e 22

121

… … 25.0 … 81.0 … … … … … … … 100.0 … 0.0 … … … … … … … 50.0 … 26.2 … … 96.7 3.3 … … … … 61.5 15.4 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 56.3 …

2001–2008 … … 43.8 … 70.0 … … … … … … … 80.0 … 52.5 … … … … … … … 87.1 … 36.4 … … 70.3 31.3 … … … … 60.9 26.5 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 22.2 …

… … …k … 1.8 … … … … … … … 2.6 … …k … … … … … … … …k … 3.5 … … …k …k … … … … 1.4 6.4 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 2.4 …

… … 6.6 … 5.4 … … … … … … … 4.2 … 11.1 … … … … … … … 5.7 … 4.3 … … 7.4 2.3 … … … … 5.6 5.6 … … … … … … … … … … … … … 13.8 …

Table 6

Environment and public health workers

6. Health workforce, infrastructure and essential medicines Health workforcea

Member State Physicians Number

Nursing and midwifery personnel Density

Number

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009

Density

Dentistry personnel Number

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009

Density

Pharmaceutical personnel Number

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009

Density (per 10 000 population)

2000–2009

741 20 013 121 95 6 380 16 868 4 766 60 300 34 829 163 800 10 479 11 083 191 171 32 495 28 812 10 342 13 267 18 987 5 187

1 20 15 <0.5 15 31 24 1 <0.5 8 38 6 3 5 2 36 40 5 20 3 25

5 254 43 569 634 991 18 710 35 757 15 361 630 965 184 459 322 600 33 431 33 354 688 6 828 104 958 79 153 27 288 33 165 84 683 8 833

4 44 79 2 44 66 78 13 1 41 74 17 9 16 63 116 110 14 50 14 43

105 2 455 94 24 1 190 2 441 1 202 … … 5 995 24 515 1 245 944 4 32 7 541 3 847 2 306 1 003 4 471 1 175

<0.5 3 12 <0.5 3 5 6 … … 1 6 1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 8 5 1 2 1 6

127 1 910 61 192 1 280 2 637 944 … 50 12 521 39 900 1 066 1 531 … 70 6 605 4 269 89 680 7 350 908

<0.5 2 8 <0.5 3 5 5 … <0.5 3 9 1 <0.5 … 1 7 6 5 1 1 4

79 349 30 1 543 13 330 110 482 12 104 10 3 361 143 728 6 946 126 126 300 793 648 12 384 71 627 30 48 000 44 960 6 739 649 2 086

1 1 3 12 13 15 24 9 1 31 15 21 <0.5 27 37 26 1 19 6 3 1 2

1 795 1 816 350 4 677 28 537 144 229 22 419 50 37 625 388 444 13 936 37 200 9 440 2 927 000 2 880 295 781 360 28 000 61 810 13 746 8 369 9 357

22 3 34 36 29 19 45 45 13 84 46 6 2 98 8 108 17 11 8 7 7 7

45 19 10 294 2 452 17 985 701 2 440 19 169 1 368 25 914 230 463 663 3 936 4 748 … 13 680 … 850 56 310

1 <0.5 1 2 3 2 1 2 <0.5 4 4 4 <0.5 16 12 2 … 6 … <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

14 11 4 641 2 909 24 756 970 2 762 22 257 2 006 … 81 249 642 … 899 … … 24 080 2 638 108 883

<0.5 <0.5 <0.5 5 3 3 2 2 <0.5 5 7 … <0.5 9 … <0.5 … … 3 1 <0.5 1

122

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 Hospital bedsb (per 10 000 population)

Health workforcea

Number

Density

Community health workers Number

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009

MDG 8

Essential medicines

Median availability of selected generic medicinesc (%)

Density

Public

Private

Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicinesd Public

Private

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009

2001–2008 h

2001–2008

1 212 … 77 135 … … … … 41 2 529 … 1 541 2 897 … 110 … … … … 2 151 …

1 … 10 <0.5 … … … … <0.5 1 … 1 1 … 1 … … … … <0.5 …

… … … 132 … … … … … … … … 4 716 … 4 000 … … … … … …

… … … <0.5 … … … … … … … … 1 … 37 … … … … … …

3 54 39e 4e 32 68 47 14 … 28e 34 31 7 31 21e … 55 15 61 22 46

… … … … … … … … … …f … … 51.7o … … … … …f 75.0 75.0 …

… … … … … … … … … 71.7n … … 77.1o … … … … 98.2 85.0 28.6 …

… … … … … … … … … …f … … 4.4o … … … … …f 2.4 2.6 …

… … … … … … … … … 6.5n … … 4.7o … … … … 2.5 2.3 3.3 …

22 68 … … 890 19 304 … … 1 042 … … … 1 831 … … … … … … 792 803 1 803

<0.5 <0.5 … … 1 3 … … <0.5 … … … 1 … … … … … … <0.5 1 1

10 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 2 542 … …

<0.5 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 1 … …

… 9e 24 27 20 28 41 56 4e 87 19 39 11e 31 29h 48 37 13 28 7 19e 30e

… … … … 64.3 … … … 20.0 100.0 61.1 … 23.4 … … …f … … … 5.0 … …

… … … … 95.1 … … … 80.0 90.7 73.9 … 47.9 … … 82.5 … … … 90.0 … …

… … … … …k … … … …k 4.0 …k … 1.3 … … …f … … … 1.1 … …

… … … … 6.8 … … … 2.6 3.7 13.8 … 2.7 … … 2.0 … … … 3.5 … …

123

Table 6

Environment and public health workers

6. Health workforce, infrastructure and essential medicines Health workforcea

Member State Physicians Number

Nursing and midwifery personnel Density

Number

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009

Dentistry personnel

Density

Number

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009

Pharmaceutical personnel

Density

Number

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009

Density (per 10 000 population)

2000–2009

RANGES OF COUNTRY VALUES Minimum Median Maximum

4 5 684 1 862 630

<0.5 11 64

22 13 328 2 927 000

<0.5 27 163

1 1 099 463 663

<0.5 2 18

1 1 056 592 577

<0.5 2 19

174 510 1 889 643 843 571 2 877 344 549 009 2 413 713

2 23 5 33 10 14

802 076 4 510 636 1 867 409 6 020 074 773 040 3 575 524

11 55 11 68 14 21

25 798 1 009 763 80 691 428 343 87 658 376 265

<0.5 12 <0.5 5 2 2

56 212 503 383 632 308 413 588 168 034 742 180

1 7 4 5 3 4

Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income

332 034 3 464 085 2 126 466 2 825 205

4 10 24 28

899 015 4 917 127 3 566 218 8 166 399

10 14 40 81

24 873 368 175 621 351 994 119

<0.5 1 7 10

65 479 1 203 878 331 961 914 387

1 4 4 10

GLOBAL

8 747 790

17 548 759

2 008 518

2 515 705

WHO REGION African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Paciﬁc Region

INCOME GROUP

124

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 Hospital bedsb (per 10 000 population)

Health workforcea

Environment and public health workers Number

Density

Community health workers Number

Density

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009

MDG 8

Essential medicines

Median availability of selected generic medicinesc (%) Public

Private

Median consumer price ratio of selected generic medicinesd Public

Private

(per 10 000 population)

2000–2009

2001–2008

9 230 167 080

<0.5 <0.5 10

10 1 012 65 999

<0.5 1 37

2 26 139

0.0 39.7 100.0

0.0 71.7 98.2

0.9 2.4 6.5

1.1 4.3 28.3

28 856 … … … 29 522 …

<0.5 … … … 1 …

… … 132 612 … 98 648 …

… … 1 … 3 …

9 24 11 63 12 38

… … … … … …

<0.5 … 5 …

… … … …

15 18 39 58

… … … …

…

Table 6

28 602 … 270 384 …

125

Table 7

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Health expenditure This section presents data on government, private, external, social security and out-of-pocket expenditures on health. These data are generated from information collected by WHO for over 10 years. The most comprehensive and consistent data on health financing are generated from national health accounts (NHAs) that collect expenditure information within an internationally recognized framework. NHAs trace financing as it flows from funding sources, to decision-makers who decide upon the use of the funds, to the providers and beneficiaries of health services. Not all countries maintain or update NHAs â&#x20AC;&#x201C; in such cases data are obtained through technical contacts in the country or from publicly available documents and reports. Missing values are estimated using various accounting techniques depending on the data available for each country. WHO sends all such estimates to the respective ministries of health every year for validation. As a general rule, life expectancy rises with increasing per capita total health expenditure; however, there are diminishing returns (Figure 13 and Box 6).

127

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Figure 13: Life expectancy at birth against per capita total health expenditure

Life expectancy at birth, 2008 (years)

AFR AMR SEAR

EUR EMR WPR

100 0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

Per capita total expenditure on health, 2007 (PPP int. $)

128

6000

6500

7000

7500

Box 6: Life expectancy and per capita total health expenditure

In Figure 13, each shape represents one country coded according to WHO region. Three major conclusions can be drawn from the data: As a general rule, life expectancy rises with increasing per capita total health expenditure; however, there are diminishing returns â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the highest levels of per capita health expenditure are associated with only modest or no improvements in life expectancy. In addition, a number of countries have achieved high levels of life expectancy despite relatively lower per capita health expenditures. In almost one quarter of countries, health expenditure in 2007 was less than 100 PPP int. $ per capita â&#x20AC;&#x201C; most of these countries are in the WHO African Region and three quarters of them had a life expectancy at birth of 60 years or lower in 2008. Countries with the highest levels of per capita health expenditure are mainly those in the WHO Region of the Americas and the WHO European Region.

129

Table 7

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

7. Health expenditure Health expenditure ratios a

Member State Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic product

2000 d,e,f

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angolag Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australiah Austria Azerbaijani Bahamas Bahraind Bangladeshd,j Barbados Belarus Belgium Belized Benin Bhutanj Bolivia (Plurinational State of)k Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Fasod Burundid,g Cambodiad,l Cameroond,g Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comorosg Congo Cook Islandsj Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti

6.5 6.4 3.5 7.6 2.4 4.8 9.0 6.4 8.3 9.9 4.8 6.0 3.9 2.7 6.3 6.4 9.1 3.7 4.6 5.2 6.1 6.9 4.4 7.2 3.0 6.1 5.1 7.2 5.8 4.5 8.8 4.6 3.8 6.3 6.6 4.6 6.8 2.8 2.1 3.8 6.5 5.3 7.8 6.7 5.7 6.5 … 3.7 8.3 5.8

2007 7.6 7.0 4.4 7.6 2.5 4.7 10.0 4.4 8.9 10.1 3.7 7.3 3.7 3.4 7.0 6.5 9.4 4.0 4.8 4.1 5.0 9.8 5.7 8.4 2.4 7.3 6.1 13.9 5.9 4.9 10.1 4.5 4.1 4.8 6.2 4.3 6.1 3.3 2.4 4.4 8.1 4.2 7.6 10.4 6.6 6.8 … 5.8 9.8 7.2

General government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on healthb 2000

2007

2.9 36.3 73.3 64.8 79.2 69.0 55.5 17.7 66.8 76.8 18.1 47.6 67.5 38.0 65.8 76.6 71.8 58.3 47.6 73.6 60.1 52.5 61.0 40.0 86.5 59.6 39.6 38.2 22.5 21.5 70.4 73.5 41.4 42.5 52.1 38.7 80.9 54.1 57.7 90.6 76.8 24.8 86.1 90.9 41.7 90.3 … 1.1 82.4 67.8

23.6 41.2 81.6 69.8 80.3 69.4 50.8 47.3 67.5 76.4 26.8 51.0 69.6 33.6 64.0 74.9 74.1 65.1 51.8 80.3 69.2 56.8 74.6 41.6 81.5 57.2 56.1 37.7 29.0 25.9 70.0 74.6 34.7 56.3 58.7 44.7 84.2 57.2 70.4 91.7 72.9 24.0 87.0 95.5 45.6 85.2 … 20.8 84.5 76.6

130

Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on healthb

2000 97.1 63.7 26.7 35.2 20.8 31.0 44.5 82.3 33.2 23.2 81.9 52.4 32.5 62.0 34.2 23.4 28.2 41.7 52.4 26.4 39.9 47.5 39.0 60.0 13.5 40.4 60.4 61.8 77.5 78.5 29.6 26.5 58.6 57.5 47.9 61.3 19.1 45.9 42.3 9.4 23.2 75.2 13.9 9.1 58.3 9.7 … 98.9 17.6 32.2

2007 76.4 58.8 18.4 30.2 19.7 30.6 49.2 52.7 32.5 23.6 73.2 49.0 30.4 66.4 36.0 25.1 25.9 34.9 48.2 19.7 30.8 43.2 25.4 58.4 18.5 42.8 43.9 62.3 71.0 74.1 30.0 25.4 65.3 43.7 41.3 55.3 15.8 42.8 29.6 8.3 27.1 76.0 13.0 4.5 54.4 14.8 … 79.2 15.5 23.4

General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure 2000 6.7 7.1 9.0 19.1 3.2 12.1 14.7 4.6 15.3 14.7 4.2 14.5 10.2 7.2 11.7 10.7 13.3 6.7 11.3 8.6 9.8 6.4 6.9 4.1 6.3 8.5 8.9 7.9 8.7 6.4 15.1 9.6 10.1 13.1 14.1 11.1 21.4 9.5 4.8 9.8 21.7 7.2 14.5 11.9 6.4 14.1 … 0.4 12.6 12.0

2007 3.7 9.5 10.7 21.3 5.3 10.6 13.9 10.4 17.6 15.9 3.8 15.5 9.8 8.0 11.9 9.9 14.4 9.1 10.7 10.7 9.9 13.5 13.0 5.4 6.7 10.7 13.3 12.5 11.2 8.1 18.1 10.5 11.0 13.8 17.9 9.9 18.8 8.4 5.1 12.4 25.8 4.8 17.6 14.5 7.0 13.5 … 6.4 16.2 14.1

External resources for health as % of total expenditure on health 2000 0.8 6.0 0.1 0 3.6 3.6 0 8.5 0 0 3.9 0 0 7.0 4.0 0.1 0 3.6 16.0 27.1 6.0 10.3 0.5 0.5 0 2.0 13.9 16.3 9.4 4.1 0 13.5 22.9 24.9 0.1 0.1 0.3 26.4 4.6 2.2 1.0 5.1 0.4 0.1 0 0 … 3.7 0 32.6

2007 20.2 3.9 0.1 0 3.7 0 0.1 15.2 0 0 0.8 0 0 7.7 0.7 0.2 0 1.6 21.3 19.6 0 0.7 4.0 0 0 0 28.3 40.0 16.4 5.2 0 15.5 25.9 11.3 0 0.2 0.1 20.9 5.4 16.3 0.1 5.0 0 0.1 0 0 … 47.8 0 12.9

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Social security expenditure on health as % of general government expenditure on health 2000 0 20.2 35.5 88.1 0 0 59.5 0 0 58.8 0 1.8 0.4 0 0 5.8 79.0 0 0.5 0 62.0 95.9 0 0 0 12.7 0.8 25.1 0 0.1 2.0 36.1 0 0 15.0 57.2 60.2 0 0 0 89.6 0 97.6 0 0 89.5 … 0 0 11.3

2007 0 35.5 30.9 88.0 0 0 58.8 0 0 58.6 0 2.6 0.4 0 0.2 2.7 88.3 8.5 0.5 0 64.3 95.4 0 0 0 63.0 0.3 15.9 0 0 2.0 28.0 0 0 17.0 55.3 70.1 0 0 0 82.3 0 91.0 0 0.1 90.3 … 0 0 9.6

Out-of-pocket expenditure as % of private expenditure on health 2000 98.9 99.9 96.7 75.5 100 86.8 63.3 91.6 59.7 66.1 78.3 40.2 68.7 95.9 77.3 57.1 84.7 100 99.9 100 81.6 100 35.6 62.7 98.8 100 94.4 71.3 97.1 94.4 53.7 99.6 95.0 96.2 48.7 97.3 59.0 100 100 100 88.2 90.7 100 91.9 95.7 100 … 97.0 91.0 98.4

2007 98.9 93.9 94.7 74.8 100 86.5 42.9 91.4 55.5 65.2 87.8 40.7 67.7 97.4 80.7 69.4 76.4 100 94.9 100 79.4 100 27.3 58.8 98.9 86.4 91.3 60.5 84.7 94.5 49.6 99.7 95.0 96.2 53.2 92.0 48.7 100 100 100 84.6 88.7 91.9 91.3 84.4 89.0 … 51.7 89.0 98.6

Per capita health expenditures a

Private prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on health 2000 0 0 3.1 22.3 0 13.2 32.6 0 21.8 20.7 0.3 58.6 25.4 0.1 22.7 0.1 12.3 0 0.1 0 8.1 0 3.8 33.9 0.6 0 1.0 0.4 0 0 38.8 0.4 0 0.4 51.3 1.0 41.0 0 0 0 2.3 9.3 0 0 4.3 0 … 0 9.0 1.6

2007 0 0 5.1 23.1 0 13.5 51.7 0.2 24.1 19.3 1.0 58.2 12.8 0 19.3 0.1 22.5 0 5.0 0 15.4 0 5.2 39.4 0.5 0.8 2.0 0.2 0 0 42.6 0.3 0 0.4 46.8 7.1 51.3 0 0 0 9.0 11.3 8.1 0 10.8 1.5 … 0 10.5 1.4

Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$)

Per capita total expenditure on healthc (PPP int. $)

Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$)

Per capita government expenditure on healthc (PPP int. $)

2000

2007

2000

2007

2000

2007

2000

2007

9 76 63 1 289 15 411 689 40 1 728 2 335 31 1 072 483 9 639 66 2 061 123 16 41 61 94 145 267 541 95 11 8 17 27 2 082 57 10 10 324 43 161 10 22 178 265 32 375 184 744 361 … 10 2 478 44

42 244 173 2 948 86 627 663 133 3 986 4 523 140 1 535 902 15 932 302 4 056 174 32 75 69 397 372 606 753 384 29 17 36 54 4 409 132 16 32 615 108 284 23 52 474 488 41 1 009 585 1 778 1 141 … 9 5 551 71

16 267 188 2 057 55 597 815 130 2 263 2 824 105 1 374 800 22 841 328 2 518 183 55 129 183 280 357 506 1 247 372 41 22 52 73 2 516 100 26 49 615 108 388 27 60 252 468 82 842 375 1 889 980 … 8 2 378 91

83 505 338 3 004 131 946 1 322 246 3 357 3 763 284 1 987 1 199 42 1 263 704 3 323 279 70 188 200 767 762 837 1 176 835 72 51 108 104 3 900 148 30 72 863 233 516 37 90 381 899 67 1 398 917 3 034 1 626 … 17 3 513 148

<1 27 46 836 12 284 382 7 1 155 1 794 6 510 326 3 420 51 1 479 72 8 30 37 49 88 107 468 56 5 3 4 6 1 465 42 4 4 169 17 130 6 13 161 203 8 323 167 310 326 … <1 2 043 30

10 101 141 2 057 69 435 336 63 2 691 3 456 38 783 628 5 596 226 3 005 113 17 60 47 225 278 252 613 220 16 7 10 14 3 086 99 6 18 361 49 239 13 36 435 356 10 878 558 811 972 … 2 4 690 54

<1 97 138 1 333 43 412 452 23 1 512 2 169 19 654 541 8 553 251 1 807 107 26 95 110 147 218 202 1 078 222 16 9 12 16 1 770 74 11 21 320 42 314 14 34 228 360 20 726 341 787 885 … <1 1 960 61

20 208 276 2 097 105 656 671 117 2 266 2 875 76 1 014 835 14 808 528 2 461 182 36 151 138 436 568 348 958 477 40 19 31 27 2 730 110 10 40 507 104 435 21 63 350 656 16 1 216 875 1 383 1 385 … 4 2 968 113

131

Table 7

Health expenditure ratios a

7. Health expenditure Health expenditure ratios a

Member State Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic product

2000 Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinead,g,m Eritreag Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabong Gambiad Georgian Germany Ghanad Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissaug,o Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland Indiad Indonesiad Iran (Islamic Republic of)p Iraqg,q Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordand,r Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberiad,g Libyan Arab Jamahiriyag,s Lithuania Luxembourg

5.9 6.3 4.2 5.5 8.0 1.9 5.5 5.3 4.3 4.7 7.2 10.1 4.5 5.8 7.4 10.3 7.2 7.9 6.1 6.2 5.3 6.2 5.5 6.3 5.3 7.0 9.6 4.4 2.0 5.9 1.4 6.3 7.7 8.1 5.5 7.7 9.8 4.2 4.5 10.8 3.0 4.7 3.2 6.0 10.9 6.7 9.2 3.7 6.5 5.8

2007 6.2 5.4 5.8 6.3 6.2 2.1 3.3 5.4 3.8 4.0 8.2 11.0 4.6 5.5 8.2 10.4 8.3 9.6 7.1 7.3 5.6 6.1 8.2 5.3 6.2 7.4 9.3 4.1 2.2 6.4 2.5 7.6 8.0 8.7 4.7 8.0 8.9 3.7 4.7 19.1 2.2 6.5 4.0 6.2 8.8 6.2 10.6 2.7 6.2 7.1

General government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on healthb 2000

2007

69.0 34.5 31.2 39.6 45.2 49.8 49.7 77.5 53.6 69.0 71.1 79.4 67.9 33.6 16.7 79.7 41.4 60.0 68.4 39.8 12.4 16.2 84.5 27.7 56.3 70.7 81.0 24.5 36.6 37.0 28.7 73.5 62.8 72.5 52.6 81.3 48.9 51.0 48.2 98.8 77.5 44.3 32.5 54.4 30.0 51.0 14.6 61.7 69.7 89.3

62.1 35.9 39.1 38.1 58.9 80.4 45.3 76.5 58.1 70.2 74.6 79.0 64.5 47.9 18.4 76.9 51.6 60.3 51.1 29.3 11.0 25.9 87.7 23.3 65.7 70.6 82.5 26.2 54.5 46.8 75.0 80.7 55.9 76.5 50.3 81.3 60.6 66.1 42.0 84.0 77.5 54.0 18.9 57.9 44.7 58.3 26.2 71.8 73.0 90.9

132

Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on healthb

2000 31.0 65.5 68.8 60.4 54.8 50.2 50.3 22.5 46.4 31.0 28.9 20.6 32.1 66.4 83.3 20.3 58.6 40.0 31.6 60.2 87.6 83.8 15.5 72.3 43.7 29.3 19.0 75.5 63.4 63.0 71.3 26.5 37.2 27.5 47.4 18.7 51.1 49.0 51.8 1.2 22.5 55.7 67.5 45.6 70.0 49.0 85.4 38.3 30.3 10.7

2007 37.9 64.1 60.9 61.9 41.1 19.6 54.7 23.5 41.9 29.8 25.4 21.0 35.5 52.1 81.6 23.1 48.4 39.7 48.9 70.7 89.0 74.1 12.3 76.7 34.3 29.4 17.5 73.8 45.5 53.2 25.0 19.3 44.1 23.5 49.7 18.7 39.4 33.9 58.0 16.0 22.5 46.0 81.1 42.1 55.3 41.7 73.8 28.2 27.0 9.1

General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure 2000 8.6 15.9 6.4 7.3 14.3 7.8 4.0 4.1 8.5 10.3 10.6 15.5 14.0 8.8 6.4 18.2 10.8 10.1 13.2 16.7 4.0 2.3 10.0 16.0 15.1 10.6 18.4 3.8 4.5 9.6 1.3 14.7 10.2 12.7 6.6 16.0 11.3 9.2 11.6 8.7 6.7 8.3 5.1 8.8 7.8 6.5 9.0 7.2 11.6 13.9

2007 8.2 9.2 7.4 7.1 14.3 6.9 4.2 4.0 10.2 9.5 12.9 16.6 14.0 11.6 4.2 18.2 10.7 13.2 8.2 14.1 4.7 4.0 14.8 9.2 19.0 10.5 17.8 3.7 6.2 11.5 3.1 17.1 10.1 13.9 5.2 17.9 11.4 11.2 7.8 10.3 5.4 9.8 3.7 10.0 11.7 7.9 16.6 5.4 12.9 17.3

External resources for health as % of total expenditure on health 2000 3.7 2.0 4.1 1.0 0.9 9.5 24.6 0.9 16.5 6.2 0 0 1.5 22.2 5.1 0 9.5 0 0 3.4 9.0 46.5 4.2 9.4 3.1 0 0 0.5 0 0 26.5 0 2.6 0 1.8 0 4.4 7.4 8.3 29.6 0 9.9 30.3 0.5 2.1 3.1 5.6 0 1.7 0

2007 3.9 3.2 0.8 1.1 3.7 4.8 46.5 1.1 43.9 5.8 0 0 1.5 24.3 10.6 0 10.3 0 0.2 1.4 10.8 35.0 25.0 37.7 4.9 0 0 1.4 1.7 0.1 25.3 0 2.3 0 1.8 0 4.7 0.4 24.1 30.5 0 11.3 14.5 0.2 4.9 11.5 57.7 0 2.5 0

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Social security expenditure on health as % of general government expenditure on health 2000 0 17.0 28.0 24.3 44.2 0 0 88.2 0 0 19.5 94.3 2.0 0 44.3 87.3 0 45.9 0 52.3 1.8 5.3 0 0 16.4 83.9 33.4 16.9 6.2 42.3 0 1.2 72.4 0.1 0 80.9 0.6 0 10.9 0 0 10.0 1.4 0 52.1 0 0 0 88.3 82.6

2007 0 17.2 40.1 26.8 43.5 0 0 84.7 0 0 19.5 93.4 2.0 0 60.0 88.3 48.6 51.8 0 37.3 1.5 3.0 0 0 25.1 82.5 32.7 17.2 16.0 41.0 0 0.8 72.8 0.1 0 78.7 0.3 0 8.3 0 0 59.9 12.1 0 51.2 0 0 0 81.3 77.2

Out-of-pocket expenditure as % of private expenditure on health 2000 88.9 71.9 85.3 94.1 94.6 89.5 100 88.5 79.2 79.1 77.0 34.4 100 53.7 93.4 55.1 79.6 94.5 100 89.7 99.5 61.4 100 69.7 86.9 89.8 100 92.2 72.9 95.9 100 41.2 78.5 89.1 65.0 90.1 74.9 99.0 80.1 100 93.9 89.3 91.8 96.8 80.1 73.2 52.2 100 86.2 65.2

2007 83.2 65.3 75.2 95.1 89.0 75.6 100 94.1 80.6 79.1 74.3 32.5 100 48.4 86.8 56.6 79.3 94.5 97.2 92.6 99.5 55.7 100 57.4 96.0 84.7 91.7 89.9 66.2 95.4 100 51.2 74.4 85.9 71.0 80.8 88.3 98.4 77.2 5.3 91.6 91.9 76.1 97.1 77.6 68.9 52.2 100 98.3 69.4

Per capita health expenditures a

Private prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on health 2000 11.1 18.7 4.8 0.4 5.4 0 0 0 0.5 15.0 8.8 61.6 0 2.3 0.5 40.8 6.1 5.5 0 4.2 0 0 0 0 5.8 0.6 0 1.0 6.4 3.2 0 28.4 10.4 3.2 30.0 1.7 5.3 0.1 7.1 0 6.1 0 0 3.2 17.3 0 0 0 0.3 10.1

2007 16.8 21.9 5.2 0.2 11.0 0 0 1.3 3.0 15.0 8.3 63.9 0 3.1 1.9 40.1 5.9 5.5 0 4.4 0 0 0 0 4.0 3.9 0 2.1 4.7 3.8 0 41.9 15.3 4.0 25.6 13.7 5.6 0.1 8.8 0 8.4 0 0.4 2.3 18.3 0 0 0 1.5 20.4

Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$)

Per capita total expenditure on healthc (PPP int. $)

Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$)

Per capita government expenditure on healthc (PPP int. $)

2000

2007

2000

2007

2000

2007

2000

2007

237 170 54 77 176 42 9 219 5 98 1 693 2 256 185 19 47 2 372 19 919 259 95 19 10 51 26 62 326 2 940 20 16 290 17 1 595 1 557 1 541 190 2 827 171 51 18 62 504 13 10 197 485 28 18 238 212 2 708

312 224 200 101 206 347 9 837 9 157 3 809 4 627 373 22 191 4 209 54 2 679 416 186 26 16 115 35 107 1 019 5 971 40 42 253 62 4 556 1 893 3 136 224 2 751 248 253 34 191 901 46 27 784 525 51 22 299 717 7 439

389 316 202 196 366 135 33 521 20 162 1 853 2 615 529 56 152 2 671 67 1 449 385 194 46 35 112 60 136 852 2 738 66 48 382 37 1 805 1 845 2 052 319 1 967 312 198 51 138 736 62 40 479 801 69 39 385 559 3 137

550 411 434 310 402 543 20 1 094 30 169 2 840 3 709 650 71 384 3 588 113 2 727 591 334 62 33 197 58 235 1 388 3 323 109 81 689 78 3 424 2 181 2 686 357 2 696 434 405 72 358 814 130 84 1 071 921 92 39 453 1 109 5 734

163 59 17 31 80 21 5 169 3 68 1 203 1 791 126 6 8 1 890 8 552 177 38 2 2 43 7 35 231 2 383 5 6 107 5 1 172 978 1 117 100 2 298 84 26 9 61 391 6 3 107 145 14 3 147 148 2 418

193 81 78 39 121 279 4 640 5 110 2 843 3 655 240 10 35 3 236 28 1 617 213 54 3 4 101 8 71 720 4 927 11 23 118 46 3 676 1 058 2 400 113 2 237 150 167 14 160 698 25 5 454 234 30 6 215 523 6 763

269 109 63 78 166 67 17 404 11 112 1 317 2 076 359 19 25 2 128 28 870 263 77 6 6 95 17 77 602 2 219 16 17 142 11 1 326 1 159 1 488 168 1 598 153 101 24 137 570 27 13 260 240 35 6 238 390 2 800

341 148 170 118 236 436 9 836 17 118 2 120 2 930 419 34 71 2 758 58 1 646 302 98 7 8 173 13 154 980 2 742 29 44 322 58 2 762 1 219 2 056 180 2 193 263 268 30 301 631 70 16 620 411 54 10 325 809 5 212

133

Table 7

Health expenditure ratios a

7. Health expenditure Health expenditure ratios a

Member State Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic product

2000 Madagascar Malawit Malaysia Maldivesd Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritaniag Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monacog Mongolia Montenegrou Morocco Mozambique Myanmarv Namibiad Nauruj Nepald,j Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeriad Niue Norway Oman Pakistand,w Palaud Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatard Republic of Korea Republic of Moldovax Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoad San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabiad

3.7 6.1 3.2 9.6 6.3 6.8 20.3 2.8 3.8 5.1 8.4 4.6 4.9 8.3 4.2 5.9 2.1 6.1 11.3 5.1 8.0 7.7 6.6 3.5 4.6 8.0 8.4 3.1 3.0 9.5 7.8 4.0 9.2 4.7 3.4 5.5 8.8 2.3 4.7 5.9 5.2 5.4 4.2 5.4 5.4 5.7 5.6 7.5 10.2 3.7

2007 4.1 9.9 4.4 9.8 5.7 7.5 14.7 2.4 4.2 5.9 13.2 4.0 4.3 8.9 5.0 4.9 1.9 7.6 15.1 5.1 8.9 9.0 8.3 5.3 6.6 18.6 8.9 2.4 2.7 10.8 6.7 3.2 5.7 4.3 3.9 6.4 10.0 3.8 6.3 10.3 4.7 5.4 10.3 6.0 6.3 5.4 5.0 7.1 11.2 3.4

General government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on healthb 2000

2007

66.5 43.8 52.4 51.6 32.9 72.5 98.0 71.2 52.0 46.6 93.9 75.3 80.1 58.1 29.4 71.9 13.4 68.9 72.7 24.9 63.1 78.0 53.5 54.4 33.5 98.2 82.5 81.8 21.3 89.1 68.1 81.7 40.2 58.7 47.6 70.0 72.5 68.8 44.9 50.3 67.7 59.9 39.2 60.3 58.5 64.0 70.9 86.0 35.7 81.7

66.2 59.7 44.4 65.4 51.4 77.5 97.4 65.3 49.0 45.4 95.8 74.8 81.7 57.2 33.8 71.8 11.7 42.1 70.9 39.7 82.0 78.9 54.9 52.8 25.3 98.9 84.1 78.7 30.0 78.4 64.6 81.3 42.4 58.4 34.7 70.9 70.6 75.6 54.9 50.8 80.3 64.2 47.0 57.8 54.2 61.3 84.5 85.5 47.1 79.5

134

Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on healthb

2000 33.5 56.2 47.6 48.4 67.1 27.5 2.0 28.8 48.0 53.4 6.1 24.7 19.9 41.9 70.6 28.1 86.6 31.1 27.3 75.1 36.9 22.0 46.5 45.6 66.5 1.8 17.5 18.2 78.7 10.9 31.9 18.3 59.8 41.3 52.4 30.0 27.5 31.2 55.1 49.7 32.3 40.1 60.8 39.7 41.5 36.0 29.1 14.0 64.3 18.3

2007 33.8 40.3 55.6 34.6 48.6 22.5 2.6 34.7 51.0 54.6 4.2 25.2 18.3 42.8 66.2 28.2 88.3 57.9 29.1 60.3 18.0 21.1 45.1 47.2 74.7 1.1 15.9 21.3 70.0 21.6 35.4 18.6 57.6 41.6 65.3 29.1 29.4 24.4 45.1 49.2 19.7 35.8 53.0 42.2 45.8 38.8 15.5 14.5 52.9 20.5

General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure 2000 14.0 8.6 6.2 13.5 9.5 12.0 21.1 6.5 8.7 16.6 10.5 17.4 10.7 22.0 4.0 17.9 1.2 13.1 11.2 7.7 11.4 15.6 13.1 10.3 4.2 6.2 16.4 7.1 2.4 11.3 21.3 9.9 17.5 14.9 7.0 9.4 14.9 5.0 9.4 8.7 9.2 9.6 8.2 9.5 11.7 10.8 10.8 20.4 9.0 9.2

2007 14.8 11.9 6.9 10.5 11.8 13.7 14.6 5.3 9.3 15.5 18.9 15.6 9.1 26.4 6.2 12.6 0.9 11.1 32.1 10.9 16.2 18.0 16.3 12.4 6.5 15.1 18.3 5.2 3.5 12.6 11.6 7.3 11.9 15.6 6.7 10.8 15.4 9.7 12.1 12.5 10.3 10.2 19.5 8.0 11.2 7.6 12.8 13.6 13.2 8.4

External resources for health as % of total expenditure on health 2000 20.1 26.9 0.6 2.0 7.8 0 36.9 23.6 1.4 1.0 71.6 0 27.5 0 0.8 26.4 1.1 3.8 9.8 15.2 0 0 7.8 40.2 16.2 4.5 0 0 0.8 38.9 1.0 23.8 2.8 1.1 3.5 0 0 0 0 16.7 5.7 0.2 52.0 5.4 0.4 0.2 17.3 0 28.6 0

2007 17.8 59.9 0 1.2 19.8 0 66.1 13.3 1.8 0 72.4 0 2.6 0.5 1.4 57.8 7.6 10.6 27.8 17.8 0 0 9.3 74.9 2.2 49.1 0 0 3.3 39.9 0.2 29.7 1.1 1.1 1.3 0.1 0 0 0 2.1 0 0 52.3 0 0 0 12.0 0 21.7 0

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Social security expenditure on health as % of general government expenditure on health 2000 0 0 0.6 0 0 0 35.0 0 0 67.6 21.4 98.5 24.5 98.8 0 0.3 3.1 1.8 0 0 93.9 0 27.0 2.7 0 0 17.1 0 6.2 0 50.0 0 53.0 49.5 14.7 82.6 1.3 0 79.5 0 89.4 40.3 6.4 0 4.9 0 0.3 100 0 0

2007 0 0 0.8 0 0 0 12.3 0 0 58.9 22.2 98.4 33.0 81.4 26.9 0.3 1.6 2.9 0 0 93.4 11.6 27.6 1.4 0 0 14.3 0 4.2 0 49.3 0 39.2 42.4 22.3 82.7 1.2 0 77.7 67.6 83.2 38.7 3.9 0 3.4 0 0.7 85.4 0 0

Out-of-pocket expenditure as % of private expenditure on health 2000 52.8 42.4 75.4 73.8 99.1 96.9 100 100 74.6 95.3 100 83.1 70.6 60.8 76.6 45.2 99.2 18.2 24.4 91.2 24.3 69.9 91.6 87.6 92.7 100 95.5 64.4 80.3 100 81.3 56.0 88.6 81.3 77.2 93.2 80.8 84.5 83.2 97.9 100 74.7 40.7 94.2 95.3 100 81.3 96.0 55.5 41.3

2007 67.9 28.4 73.2 72.0 99.5 89.2 100 100 81.5 93.1 100 81.4 84.4 57.1 86.3 42.1 95.1 5.8 84.4 90.8 33.5 71.7 93.0 96.4 95.9 100 95.1 61.3 82.1 40.3 82.7 41.3 97.0 75.3 83.7 83.2 77.5 88.2 79.2 97.6 98.8 83.0 44.4 94.4 94.4 100 76.1 96.3 58.9 32.2

Per capita health expenditures a

Private prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on health 2000 10.8 9.1 11.9 0 0.1 3.1 0 0 8.3 4.7 0 16.9 0 0 23.4 1.0 0 77.3 0 0.1 43.0 28.5 0.6 11.3 5.1 0 0 21.3 0.2 0 18.7 5.5 10.9 15.0 11.1 0.8 11.1 0 8.5 0 0 8.1 0.9 5.8 4.7 0 0 4.0 0 18.3

2007 15.1 15.7 14.4 4.6 0.5 9.0 0 0 10.1 6.9 0 18.6 0 0 13.7 1.5 0 64.4 0 0.4 34.5 23.5 1.6 3.2 3.1 0 0 23.2 0.3 43.3 17.3 6.2 1.3 20.8 9.8 1.9 13.8 0 9.2 0.4 1.1 9.6 10.2 5.6 5.6 0 0 3.7 0 30.3

Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$) 2000 9 9 128 220 16 637 418 12 145 328 170 3 775 22 124 54 14 3 131 375 12 1 916 1 055 54 5 17 322 3 156 252 15 594 306 26 122 96 33 247 970 659 536 21 87 96 9 387 244 176 73 2 150 56 338

135

Per capita total expenditure on healthc (PPP int. $)

2007

2000

2007

16 17 307 343 34 1 362 371 22 247 564 285 7 338 64 550 120 18 7 319 673 20 4 243 2 790 92 16 74 1 724 7 354 375 23 873 396 31 114 160 63 716 2 108 2 403 1 362 127 369 493 37 623 361 272 152 3 878 103 531

30 37 304 270 50 2 903 378 35 299 508 217 1 785 89 501 109 26 12 252 858 43 2 337 1 623 131 16 59 308 3 039 619 48 545 560 69 309 229 79 583 1 509 1 453 809 86 298 412 25 540 417 303 154 2 265 â&#x20AC;Ś 647

41 50 604 514 67 4 053 357 47 502 819 373 2 139 138 1 107 202 39 21 467 812 53 3 509 2 497 232 35 131 1 123 4 763 688 64 812 773 65 253 327 130 1 035 2 284 3 075 1 688 281 592 797 95 863 608 474 237 2 810 183 768

Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$) 2000 6 4 67 113 5 462 410 8 76 153 160 2 843 18 72 16 10 <1 90 273 3 1 209 823 29 3 6 316 2 604 206 3 529 208 21 49 57 16 173 704 453 240 10 59 57 4 233 143 113 52 1 849 20 276

Per capita government expenditure on healthc (PPP int. $)

2007

2000

2007

11 10 136 224 18 1 056 361 14 121 256 273 5 492 52 314 40 13 <1 134 477 8 3 481 2 202 51 9 19 1 706 6 184 296 7 685 256 25 48 94 22 507 1 489 1 816 748 65 296 316 18 360 195 166 129 3 317 48 422

20 16 159 140 16 2 104 370 25 156 236 204 1 345 71 291 32 19 2 174 624 11 1 474 1 266 70 9 20 303 2 507 506 10 485 381 57 124 134 37 408 1 095 1 000 363 43 202 247 10 326 244 194 109 1 948 â&#x20AC;Ś 529

27 30 268 336 34 3 140 348 31 246 372 357 1 601 112 633 68 28 2 196 575 21 2 878 1 971 127 18 33 1 111 4 005 542 19 637 500 53 107 191 45 733 1 613 2 324 927 142 475 512 45 499 330 290 200 2 404 86 610

Table 7

Health expenditure ratios a

7. Health expenditure Health expenditure ratios a

Member State Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic product

2000

2007

General government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on healthb 2000

2007

Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on healthb

2000

2007

General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure 2000

2007

External resources for health as % of total expenditure on health 2000

2007

Senegal Serbiau,y Seychelles Sierra Leoneg Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somaliag South Africad Spain Sri Lankad Sudand,g Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republicz Tajikistan Thailandd The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

4.4 10.3 5.3 4.9 3.5 6.6 8.3 5.2 2.6 8.5 7.2 3.7 3.1 7.5 5.7 8.2 10.2 4.8 4.6 3.4 7.6

5.7 9.9 5.1 4.4 3.1 7.7 7.8 4.6 … 8.6 8.5 4.2 3.5 7.6 6.0 9.1 10.8 3.6 5.3 3.7 7.1

37.5 78.5 75.3 43.0 36.2 85.0 74.0 91.6 44.8 40.5 71.6 47.9 29.2 48.8 58.6 84.9 55.4 40.4 20.4 56.1 70.9

56.0 61.8 70.2 31.3 32.6 66.8 71.5 92.4 … 41.4 71.8 47.5 36.8 47.4 62.5 81.7 59.3 45.9 21.5 73.2 65.6

62.5 21.5 24.7 57.0 63.8 15.0 26.0 8.4 55.2 59.5 28.4 52.1 70.8 51.2 41.4 15.1 44.6 59.6 79.6 43.9 29.1

44.0 38.2 29.8 68.7 67.4 33.2 28.3 7.6 … 58.6 28.2 52.5 63.2 52.6 37.5 18.3 40.7 54.1 78.5 26.8 34.4

8.8 20.9 8.4 7.6 6.2 27.7 13.1 17.9 4.2 10.9 13.2 6.8 8.3 9.7 11.6 12.6 16.0 6.5 4.9 10.0 15.8

12.1 13.8 8.9 7.8 7.2 29.9 13.2 15.4 … 10.8 15.6 8.5 6.1 13.3 9.1 14.1 19.8 6.0 3.6 13.1 14.1

17.2 0.8 5.6 19.6 0 0 0.2 14.8 9.0 0.3 0 0.3 4.7 10.9 5.5 0 0 0.1 2.3 0 3.2

8.5 0.4 2.2 31.3 0 0 0 43.6 … 0.8 0 1.7 10.2 1.8 7.9 0 0 0.3 7.8 0.3 1.0

Timor-Lesteaa,ab,ac Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisiad Turkey Turkmenistang,ad Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzaniad United States of America Uruguayd Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemend Zambia Zimbabweg

8.8 4.8 5.6 3.9 6.0 4.9 3.9 12.4 6.6 5.9 3.2 7.0 3.8 13.4 11.2 5.7 3.7 5.7 5.4 4.5 5.7 10.0

13.6 6.1 4.4 4.8 6.0 5.0 2.6 9.8 6.3 6.9 2.7 8.4 5.3 15.7 8.0 5.0 3.6 5.8 7.1 3.9 6.2 8.9

70.9 29.9 71.9 42.8 54.9 62.9 81.7 99.8 26.8 48.9 76.6 79.3 43.4 43.2 54.6 44.1 74.4 41.5 30.1 53.8 51.3 53.0

84.6 24.9 70.3 56.1 50.5 69.0 52.1 99.8 26.2 57.6 70.5 81.7 65.8 45.5 74.0 46.1 76.3 46.5 39.3 39.6 57.7 46.3

29.1 70.1 28.1 57.2 45.1 37.1 18.3 0.2 73.2 51.1 23.4 20.7 56.6 56.8 45.4 55.9 25.6 58.5 69.9 46.2 48.7 47.0

15.4 75.1 29.7 43.9 49.5 31.0 47.9 0.2 73.8 42.4 29.5 18.3 34.2 54.5 26.0 53.9 23.6 53.5 60.7 60.4 42.3 53.7

12.7 8.0 15.2 5.7 8.1 9.8 13.7 5.9 7.3 8.4 7.6 14.3 9.1 17.1 20.5 6.0 9.8 8.0 6.6 8.3 9.4 10.7

14.9 7.7 9.7 9.4 9.1 10.3 10.3 16.3 9.8 9.2 8.9 15.6 18.4 19.5 17.3 7.9 11.4 7.1 8.7 4.5 14.5 8.9

52.7 6.6 26.3 4.7 0.9 0.1 1.4 43.9 28.3 0.5 0 0 27.8 0 0.1 6.2 2.7 0.7 2.5 8.0 17.8 1.3

35.0 10.1 20.3 0.1 1.4 0 0.3 6.1 31.6 0.3 0 0 49.9 0 0.1 1.6 15.4 0 1.6 7.4 33.1 0.2

136

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Social security expenditure on health as % of general government expenditure on health 2000

2007

Out-of-pocket expenditure as % of private expenditure on health 2000

2007

Per capita health expenditures a

Private prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on health 2000

2007

Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$) 2000

Per capita total expenditure on healthc (PPP int. $)

2007

2000

2007

Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$) 2000

Per capita government expenditure on healthc (PPP int. $)

2007

2000

2007

8.5 59.5 5.0 0 4.8 86.5 93.9 0 0 3.3 9.6 0.3 8.2 40.7 0 0 72.8 0 0 9.4 97.5

4.0 93.4 3.7 0 15.3 89.9 92.7 0 … 3.0 7.0 0.1 11.3 41.7 0 0 72.2 0 0 9.7 92.2

91.7 84.7 63.0 75.2 97.0 76.4 44.1 66.7 100 25.0 83.1 83.3 100 44.0 42.4 91.1 74.0 100 99.0 76.9 100

78.5 91.7 62.5 58.8 93.9 79.1 48.6 66.7 … 29.7 74.6 86.7 100 60.2 42.3 87.0 75.0 100 94.4 71.7 100

7.1 0 0 3.0 0 0 51.0 0 0 69.9 13.7 12.2 0 0.8 18.9 1.2 23.8 0 0 12.8 0

17.9 0.5 0 3.8 2.8 0 45.3 0 … 66.2 20.8 9.1 0 0.8 17.4 1.1 22.6 0 0 19.5 0

21 71 402 7 803 248 707 42 8 251 1 036 33 11 152 78 2 280 3 529 240 6 67 136

54 408 564 14 1 148 1 077 1 836 54 … 497 2 712 68 40 361 151 4 495 6 108 68 29 136 277

57 443 856 18 1 167 720 1 447 81 18 551 1 536 102 37 350 203 2 283 3 217 159 41 159 452

99 769 1 094 32 1 643 1 555 2 099 123 … 819 2 671 179 71 527 287 3 323 4 417 154 93 286 669

8 56 303 3 290 211 523 39 4 101 742 16 3 74 46 1 936 1 956 97 1 38 97

30 252 396 4 375 720 1 313 50 … 206 1 947 32 15 171 95 3 673 3 620 31 6 100 182

21 348 644 8 422 612 1 070 75 8 223 1 100 49 11 171 119 1 938 1 783 64 8 89 321

56 475 768 10 536 1 040 1 501 113 … 340 1 917 85 26 250 180 2 716 2 618 70 20 209 439

0 12.5 0 0 28.9 55.5 6.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 33.5 27.4 0 0 34.6 19.7 0 0 0

0 12.9 0 0 42.8 50.3 8.8 0 0 0.5 0 0 3.3 27.9 35.1 0 0 33.7 32.3 0 0 0

43.4 86.6 82.9 86.3 80.3 74.6 100 100 56.7 93.4 69.4 64.8 83.5 25.5 31.2 97.0 71.6 90.9 91.7 94.5 80.5 45.5

37.2 84.2 84.7 89.7 84.3 71.8 100 100 51.0 92.4 64.9 62.7 75.0 22.6 50.3 98.0 71.6 88.1 90.2 97.8 67.6 50.4

0 5.4 9.4 7.2 17.9 11.8 0 0 0.1 1.0 20.2 15.6 4.5 60.3 14.9 0 10.7 3.2 4.1 2.2 0.7 34.3

0 4.3 3.6 6.5 14.0 14.4 0 0 0.2 1.8 25.4 6.9 10.4 63.5 34.5 0 10.7 3.2 2.7 1.6 3.7 28.8

34 16 88 244 123 194 44 160 15 38 699 1 769 10 4 703 773 32 48 273 22 25 18 66

58 33 108 785 211 465 139 292 28 210 1 253 3 867 22 7 285 582 41 79 477 58 43 57 79

69 43 164 449 290 432 134 122 46 195 805 1 833 29 4 703 916 82 115 480 76 87 50 26

116 68 167 1 178 463 677 153 150 74 475 982 2 992 63 7 285 916 121 145 697 183 104 79 20

24 5 63 104 67 122 36 160 4 19 536 1 403 4 2 032 422 14 35 113 6 13 9 35

49 8 76 440 107 320 72 291 7 121 883 3 161 14 3 317 431 19 61 222 23 17 33 36

49 13 118 192 159 272 110 122 12 95 616 1 454 12 2 032 500 36 85 199 23 47 26 14

98 17 117 661 234 467 80 149 20 274 693 2 446 41 3 317 678 56 111 324 72 41 46 9

137

Table 7

Health expenditure ratios a

7. Health expenditure Health expenditure ratios a

Member State Total expenditure on health as % of gross domestic product

2000

2007

General government expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on healthb 2000

2007

Private expenditure on health as % of total expenditure on healthb

2000

2007

General government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure 2000

2007

External resources for health as % of total expenditure on health 2000

2007

RANGES OF COUNTRY VALUES Minimum Median Maximum

1.4 5.8 20.3

1.9 6.1 19.1

1.1 57.0 99.8

11.0 60.3 99.8

0.2 43.0 98.9

0.2 39.7 89.0

0.4 9.8 27.7

0.9 10.8 32.1

0 2.2 71.6

0 1.4 74.9

5.9 12.0 3.7 8.4 4.2 6.8

6.2 13.6 3.6 8.8 4.1 6.5

43.5 44.8 31.2 75.3 52.8 72.7

45.3 47.2 36.9 76.0 55.5 67.8

56.5 55.2 68.8 24.7 47.2 27.3

54.7 52.8 63.1 24.0 44.5 32.2

8.7 15.5 4.8 14.3 7.3 14.9

9.6 17.1 5.3 15.3 7.5 15.1

5.4 0.1 0.9 0.1 1.0 0.1

6.9 0 1.7 0 1.8 0.1

4.7 4.4 6.2 10.2

5.3 4.3 6.4 11.2

37.6 37.0 52.0 59.4

41.9 42.4 55.2 61.3

62.4 63.0 48.0 40.6

58.1 57.6 44.8 38.7

7.9 7.5 8.9 15.6

8.7 7.8 9.4 17.2

10.2 1.1 0.6 0

17.5 1.0 0.2 0

9.2

9.7

57.9

59.6

42.1

40.4

14.5

15.4

0.1

0.2

WHO REGION African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western PaciďŹ c Region

INCOME GROUP Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income

GLOBAL

138

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 Health expenditure ratios a

Social security expenditure on health as % of general government expenditure on health 2000

2007

Out-of-pocket expenditure as % of private expenditure on health 2000

2007

Per capita health expenditures a

Private prepaid plans as % of private expenditure on health 2000

2007

Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$) 2000

2007

Per capita total expenditure on healthc (PPP int. $) 2000

2007

Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$) 2000

2007

Per capita government expenditure on healthc (PPP int. $) 2000

2007

0 2.0 98.4

18.2 86.8 100

5.3 84.4 100

0 1.7 77.3

0 3.6 66.2

3 110 4 703

7 248 7 439

8 270 4 703

17 434 7 285

<1 62 2 843

<1 136 6 763

<1 142 2 800

2 263 5 212

7.1 31.9 12.1 52.9 9.9 72.6

8.3 26.0 13.8 49.5 14.0 63.0

53.0 30.1 88.9 65.6 84.4 88.4

60.1 28.0 86.9 66.5 85.7 81.6

39.1 56.8 2.7 25.5 7.2 4.3

32.5 59.4 3.4 24.3 7.6 11.7

35 1 849 20 931 68 291

76 2 911 41 2 035 133 416

86 1 983 61 1 220 180 298

137 3 046 104 1 875 271 531

15 829 6 701 36 212

34 1 374 15 1 546 74 282

38 896 18 901 85 190

63 1 437 36 1 401 137 330

3.8 37.1 41.1 48.4

11.0 37.2 38.0 41.8

85.6 92.8 70.7 38.2

83.1 90.5 69.0 36.1

3.9 2.5 24.0 49.1

3.7 5.3 26.4 51.4

14 34 221 2 657

27 80 488 4 405

37 97 454 2 745

67 181 757 4 145

5 13 115 1 577

11 34 269 2 699

14 35 243 1 631

28 76 419 2 492

47.6

41.2

44.2

43.9

44.2

45.0

481

802

568

863

279

478

320

493

Table 7

0 1.0 100

139

Table 8

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Health inequities In general, the global reporting of health indicators focuses on national averages. However, data on the distribution of health and health services within countries and between population subgroups are equally important (Figure 14 and Box 7). Such data help to identify health inequities – unfair and avoidable differences in health and health service provision – that arise for example from socioeconomic factors (such as level of education, occupation and household wealth or income), from geographical location, and from ethnicity and gender. This section presents data from 87 countries using three health indicators – percentage of births attended by skilled health personnel, measles immunization coverage among 1-year-old children, and mortality in children under 5 years old (under-five mortality) – disaggregated according to urban or rural residence, household wealth and maternal educational level. The main sources of the data are the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), conducted between 2000 and 2008. For the disaggregations by household wealth, the total population is classified into wealth quintiles based on relative differences in household wealth within the country rather than an absolute wealth criterion. The estimates are subject to normal sample variability, which are usually indicated by confidence intervals – however, only the point estimates are shown in this section. The data presented refer to ratios and differences between the most-advantaged and least-advantaged groups. However, these measures do not reflect the situation across all population groups (such as groups falling into the middle of wealth or education distributions) for which other measures are used.

141

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Figure 14: Urban–rural differences in the coverage of skilled attendant at birth and measles immunization in low-income and middle-income countries – 2000–2008 Births attended by skilled health personnel Low income

Measles immunization coverage among 1-year olds

Middle income

Low income

Middle income

100 96 90

83 77

Percentage

40 35 30

Rural

Urban

Rural

Urban

Note: Solid horizontal lines indicate the median.

142

Rural

Urban

Rural

Urban

Table 8

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Box 7: Inequities in health service coverage

In Figure 14, each circle represents a country (note that circles may overlap). Three major conclusions can be drawn from the data: There are differences between rural and urban areas in coverage of key health services such as skilled attendant at birth and measles immunization – these differences are more marked in low-income countries compared with middle-income countries, and significantly more acute in relation to skilled attendant at birth than to measles immunization. In low-income countries, there are major differences between urban and rural areas in the coverage of skilled attendant at birth – 80% of urban births take place with the assistance of skilled health personnel compared with only 35% of births in rural areas. By contrast, urban–rural differences with regard to measles immunization rates are less pronounced at 77% and 70%, respectively. Within the low-income country group, there is very wide variation in both indicators – for example, coverage of skilled attendant at birth in rural areas ranges from as low as 3% to as high as 100%.

143

8. Health inequities Member State

Year

MDG 5

Births attended by skilled health personnel a,b (%)

2005

2006

2007

Difference highest–lowest

2005

Ratio highest–lowest

2005 2006 2004

Highest

2003 2005 2005 2004

Lowest

2008 2006

Difference highest–lowest

2006 2006

Ratio highest–lowest

2005

Highest

2007

Lowest

2006

Difference urban–rural

2005

Ratio urban–rural

2005 2006

Education level of mothere

Urban

Afghanistan Albaniaf Algeriaf Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armeniag Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarusf Belgium Belizef Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of)h Bosnia and Herzegovinaf Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundif Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verdeh Central African Republicf Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoiref Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark

Wealth quintile

Rural

Place of residence

… 100 92 … … … … 98 … … 81 … … 13 … 100 … 93 74 … 51 100 … … … … 31 32 39 44 … 64 35 6 … … 77 … 74 … … 40 … … … … … 63 …

… 100 98 … … … … 99 … … 97 … … 37 … 100 … 99 86 … 88 100 … … … … 88 75 70 84 … 91 83 46 … … 97 … 97 … … 84 … … … … … 91 …

… 1.0 1.1 … … … … 1.0 … … 1.2 … … 2.8 … 1.0 … 1.1 1.2 … 1.7 1.0 … … … … 2.9 2.4 1.8 1.9 … 1.4 2.4 7.1 … … 1.3 … 1.3 … … 2.1 … … … … … 1.4 …

… 0 6 … … … … 1 … … 16 … … 23 … 0 … 7 12 … 37 0 … … … … 57 43 31 40 … 27 48 39 … … 20 … 23 … … 44 … … … … … 28 …

… 99 … … … … … 93 … … 78 … … 5 … 100 … … 56 … 38 99 … … … … 39 25 21 29 … … 27 4 … … 72 … 67 … … 29 … … … … … 59 …

… 100 … … … … … 100 … … 100 … … 51 … 100 … … 97 … 99 100 … … … … 91 55 90 95 … … 89 55 … … 99 … 98 … … 95 … … … … … 98 …

… 1.0 … … … … … 1.1 … … 1.3 … … 10.3 … 1.0 … … 1.7 … 2.6 1.0 … … … … 2.3 2.2 4.3 3.2 … … 3.3 15.4 … … 1.4 … 1.5 … … 3.3 … … … … … 1.7 …

… 1 … … … … … 7 … … 22 … … 46 … 0 … … 42 … 61 0 … … … … 52 30 69 65 … … 62 52 … … 27 … 32 … … 66 … … … … … 39 …

… … … … … … … … … … 83 … … 5 … … … … 72 … … … … … … … 33 30 22 23 … … 34 9 … … 67 … 62 … … 47 … … … … … 59 …

… … … … … … … … … … 89 … … 33 … … … … 98 … … … … … … … 95 84 80 92 … … 88 67 … … 97 … 93 … … 87 … … … … … 89 …

… … … … … … … … … … 1.1 … … 7.4 … … … … 1.4 … … … … … … … 2.9 2.8 3.6 4.0 … … 2.6 7.2 … … 1.4 … 1.5 … … 1.8 … … … … … 1.5 …

… … … … … … … … … … 5 … … 29 … … … … 26 … … … … … … … 62 54 58 69 … … 55 57 … … 30 … 30 … … 40 … … … … … 29 …

144

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 MDG 4 Under-five mortality ratea,d (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds a,c (%)

Highest

Ratio highest–lowest

Difference highest–lowest

Lowest

Highest

Ratio highest–lowest

Difference highest–lowest

Rural

Urban

Ratio rural–urban

Difference rural–urban

Lowest

Highest

Ratio lowest–highest

Difference lowest–highest

Lowest

Highest

Ratio lowest–highest

Difference lowest–highest

Education level of mothere

Lowest

Wealth quintile

Difference urban–rural

Place of residence

Ratio urban–rural

Education level of mothere

Urban

Wealth quintile

Rural

Place of residence

… … … … … … … 80 … … 44 … … 82 … 99 … 79 57 … 87 80 … … … … 53 78 77 58 … 87 … 19 … … 76 … 57 … … 78 … … … … … 56 …

… … … … … … … 67 … … 64 … … 88 … 98 … 91 68 … 85 74 … … … … 73 85 79 73 … 90 … 38 … … 85 … 76 … … 94 … … … … … 73 …

… … … … … … … 0.8 … … 1.5 … … 1.1 … 1.0 … 1.2 1.2 … 1.0 0.9 … … … … 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.2 … 1.0 … 2.0 … … 1.1 … 1.3 … … 1.2 … … … … … 1.3 …

… … … … … … … –13 … … 20 … … 6 … –1 … 12 11 … –2 –6 … … … … 20 7 3 14 … 3 … 18 … … 9 … 20 … … 16 … … … … … 17 …

… … … … … … … 72 … … 50 … … 80 … 100 … … 48 … 88 72 … … … … 48 77 70 52 … … … 8 … … 69 … 49 … … 69 … … … … … 51 …

… … … … … … … (62) … … 83 … … 89 … 98 … … 76 … 88 76 … … … … 71 79 82 83 … … … 38 … … 90 … 84 … … 98 … … … … … 85 …

… … … … … … … 0.8 … … 1.7 … … 1.1 … 1.0 … … 1.6 … 1.0 1.1 … … … … 1.5 1.0 1.2 1.6 … … … 4.6 … … 1.3 … 1.7 … … 1.4 … … … … … 1.7 …

… … … … … … … –11 … … 34 … … 9 … –2 … … 28 … 0 4 … … … … 23 3 13 31 … … … 30 … … 21 … 36 … … 29 … … … … … 34 …

… … … … … … … … … … 46 … … 74 … … … … 57 … … … … … … … 54 74 64 46 … … … 18 … … 70 … 44 … … 80 … … … … … 49 …

… … … … … … … … … … 55 … … 90 … … … … 82 … … … … … … … 80 87 91 79 … … … 54 … … 86 … 75 … … 95 … … … … … 77 …

… … … … … … … … … … 1.2 … … 1.2 … … … … 1.5 … … … … … … … 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.7 … … … 3.0 … … 1.2 … 1.7 … … 1.2 … … … … … 1.6 …

… … … … … … … … … … 9 … … 16 … … … … 26 … … … … … … … 26 13 27 33 … … … 36 … … 16 … 31 … … 16 … … … … … 28 …

… 19 … … … … … 42 … … 64 … … 77 … … … 27 145 … 99 … … … … … 202 178 111 169 … 44 199 208 … … 33 … 136 … … … … … … … … 177 …

… 20 … … … … … 26 … … 52 … … 63 … … … 26 116 … 55 … … … … … 136 137 76 119 … 53 126 179 … … 23 … 108 … … … … … … … … 122 …

… 1.0 … … … … … 1.6 … … 1.2 … … 1.2 … … … 1.0 1.3 … 1.8 … … … … … 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.4 … 0.8 1.6 1.2 … … 1.4 … 1.3 … … … … … … … … 1.5 …

… –1 … … … … … 16 … … 12 … … 14 … … … 1 30 … 44 … … … … … 65 41 35 50 … –9 73 28 … … 10 … 28 … … … … … … … … 55 …

… … … … … … … 52 … … 63 … … 86 … … … … 151 … 116 … … … … … 206 190 127 189 … … 223 176 … … 39 … 135 … … … … … … … … 184 …

… … … … … … … 23 … … 41 … … 43 … … … … 83 … 31 … … … … … 144 128 43 88 … … 112 187 … … 16 … 85 … … … … … … … … 97 …

… … … … … … … 2.2 … … 1.5 … … 2.0 … … … … 1.8 … 3.7 … … … … … 1.4 1.5 3.0 2.2 … … 2.0 0.9 … … 2.4 … 1.6 … … … … … … … … 1.9 …

… … … … … … … 29 … … 22 … … 43 … … … … 68 … 85 … … … … … 62 62 84 101 … … 111 –11 … … 23 … 51 … … … … … … … … 87 …

… … … … … … … … … … 68 … … 93 … … … … 143 … … … … … … … 198 195 136 186 … … 187 200 … … 51 … 202 … … … … … … … … 209 …

… … … … … … … … … … 58 … … 52 … … … … 78 … … … … … … … 108 55 53 93 … … 107 143 … … 20 … 101 … … … … … … … … 112 …

… … … … … … … … … … 1.2 … … 1.8 … … … … 1.8 … … … … … … … 1.8 3.5 2.6 2.0 … … 1.7 1.4 … … 2.5 … 2.0 … … … … … … … … 1.9 …

… … … … … … … … … … 10 … … 41 … … … … 65 … … … … … … … 90 140 83 92 … … 80 57 … … 30 … 101 … … … … … … … … 97 …

145

Table 8

MDG 4

8. Health inequities Member State

Year

MDG 5

Births attended by skilled health personnel a,b (%)

2005 2007 2006 2003

2006 2006

2004 2007

Difference highest–lowest

2006

Ratio highest–lowest

2005–2006 2007

Highest

2005 2006 2006 2005–2006 2005–2006

Lowest

2008

Difference highest–lowest

2000 2006 2005

Ratio highest–lowest

2005

Highest

2002

Lowest

2008

Difference urban–rural

2007

Ratio urban–rural

2006

Education level of mothere

Urban

Djiboutif Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypth El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambiaf Georgiaf Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissauf Guyanaf Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraqf Ireland Israel Italy Jamaicaf Japan Jordan Kazakhstanf Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstanf Lao People's Democratic Republicf Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

Wealth quintile

Rural

Place of residence

40 … 94 … 72 … … 10 … 3 … … … 69 43 98 … 43 … … … 26 27 82 15 50 … … 37 63 … 78 … … … 94 … 99 100 35 … … 96 11 … … 50 32 …

95 … 96 … 90 … … 65 … 45 … … … 93 83 99 … 84 … … … 81 69 89 47 90 … … 73 88 … 95 … … … 99 … 99 100 72 … … 100 68 … … 88 79 …

2.3 … 1.0 … 1.2 … … 6.2 … 16.6 … … … 1.3 1.9 1.0 … 2.0 … … … 3.1 2.6 1.1 3.0 1.8 … … 2.0 1.4 … 1.2 … … … 1.0 … 1.0 1.0 2.1 … … 1.0 6.2 … … 1.8 2.5 …

54 … 2 … 18 … … 54 … 42 … … … 24 40 1 … 41 … … … 55 42 7 31 40 … … 36 25 … 17 … … … 4 … 1 0 38 … … 4 57 … … 38 47 …

… … 89 … 55 … … 6 … 1 … … … 67 28 95 … 24 … … … 15 19 64 6 33 … … 19 44 … … … … … … … 98 100 17 … … 93 3 … … 34 26 …

… … 98 … 97 … … 85 … 27 … … … 97 89 99 … 95 … … … 87 79 93 68 99 … … 89 96 … … … … … … … 100 100 75 … … 100 81 … … 83 81 …

… … 1.1 … 1.8 … … 14.7 … 29.7 … … … 1.4 3.1 1.0 … 3.9 … … … 6.0 4.0 1.5 10.5 3.0 … … 4.6 2.2 … … … … … … … 1.0 1.0 4.4 … … 1.1 27.1 … … 2.5 3.2 …

… … 9 … 42 … … 79 … 26 … … … 30 60 3 … 70 … … … 73 59 29 61 65 … … 69 52 … … … … … … … 2 0 58 … … 7 78 … … 50 56 …

… … 86 … 60 … … 12 … 2 … … … 84 49 … … 36 … … … 33 28 … 9 37 … … 26 31 … 79 … … … … … 94 … 16 … … … 3 … … 21 36 …

… … 97 … 89 … … 88 … 58 … … … 93 85 … … 78 … … … 84 80 … 60 96 … … 75 87 … 96 … … … … … 99 … 72 … … … 63 … … 73 75 …

… … 1.1 … 1.5 … … 7.3 … 24.0 … … … 1.1 1.7 … … 2.2 … … … 2.6 2.9 … 6.6 2.6 … … 2.9 2.8 … 1.2 … … … … … 1.1 … 4.6 … … … 18.5 … … 3.5 2.1 …

… … 12 … 29 … … 76 … 55 … … … 9 36 … … 42 … … … 51 52 … 51 59 … … 49 56 … 17 … … … … … 5 … 56 … … … 59 … … 52 39 …

146

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 MDG 4 Under-five mortality ratea,d (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds a,c (%)

Highest

Ratio highest–lowest

Difference highest–lowest

Lowest

Highest

Ratio highest–lowest

Difference highest–lowest

Rural

Urban

Ratio rural–urban

Difference rural–urban

Lowest

Highest

Ratio lowest–highest

Difference lowest–highest

Lowest

Highest

Ratio lowest–highest

Difference lowest–highest

Education level of mothere

Lowest

Wealth quintile

Difference urban–rural

Place of residence

Ratio urban–rural

Education level of mothere

Urban

Wealth quintile

Rural

Place of residence

… … 81 … 98 … … 79 … 32 … … … 37 93 … … 88 … … … 49 72 96 56 86 … … 54 73 … 60 … … … 95 … 91 99 70 … … … 38 … … 84 56 …

… … 78 … 98 … … 94 … 65 … … … 61 91 … … 93 … … … 55 83 95 62 84 … … 72 82 … 76 … … … 88 … 95 100 86 … … … 54 … … 91 77 …

… … 1.0 … 1.0 … … 1.2 … 2.0 … … … 1.6 1.0 … … 1.1 … … … 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 … … 1.3 1.1 … 1.3 … … … 0.9 … 1.0 1.0 1.2 … … … 1.4 … … 1.1 1.4 …

… … –3 … 0 … … 15 … 33 … … … 24 –3 … … 5 … … … 6 11 –1 6 –2 … … 18 10 … 16 … … … –7 … 4 0 16 … … … 17 … … 7 20 …

… … 73 … 98 … … 80 … 25 … … … 34 95 … … 88 … … … 42 70 94 50 85 … … 40 63 … … … … … … … 92 100 55 … … … 33 … … 82 45 …

… … 87 … 99 … … 95 … 53 … … … 71 91 … … 95 … … … 57 90 100 67 86 … … 85 85 … … … … … … … 96 99 88 … … … 60 … … 85 86 …

… … 1.2 … 1.0 … … 1.2 … 2.1 … … … 2.1 1.0 … … 1.1 … … … 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.0 … … 2.1 1.3 … … … … … … … 1.0 1.0 1.6 … … … 1.8 … … 1.0 1.9 …

… … 14 … 2 … … 15 … 28 … … … 37 –3 … … 7 … … … 15 20 6 17 0 … … 45 22 … … … … … … … 4 –1 33 … … … 27 … … 3 41 …

… … 53 … 98 … … 77 … 30 … … … 42 92 … … 86 … … … 48 72 … 52 81 … … 41 49 … 60 … … … … … 85 … 51 … … … 31 … … 74 58 …

… … 83 … 99 … … 96 … 63 … … … 64 95 … … 93 … … … 68 87 … 68 86 … … 80 83 … 79 … … … … … 95 … 85 … … … 55 … … 85 78 …

… … 1.6 … 1.0 … … 1.2 … 2.1 … … … 1.5 1.0 … … 1.1 … … … 1.4 1.2 … 1.3 1.1 … … 2.0 1.7 … 1.3 … … … … … 1.1 … 1.7 … … … 1.8 … … 1.1 1.3 …

… … 30 … 1 … … 19 … 33 … … … 22 2 … … 7 … … … 20 15 … 16 5 … … 39 34 … 19 … … … … … 10 … 34 … … … 24 … … 11 20 …

73 … 37 … 36 … … 117 … 135 … … … 100 150 45 … 91 … … … 204 253 50 114 43 … … 94 60 … 41 … … … 25 … 27 43 117 … … 50 … … … 105 146 …

95 … 37 … 29 … … 86 … 98 … … … 88 96 24 … 75 … … … 133 250 34 78 29 … … 61 38 … 41 … … … 36 … 22 30 94 … … 35 … … … 86 132 …

0.8 … 1.0 … 1.3 … … 1.4 … 1.4 … … … 1.1 1.6 1.9 … 1.2 … … … 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 … … 1.5 1.6 … 1.0 … … … 0.7 … 1.2 1.4 1.3 … … 1.4 … … … 1.2 1.1 …

–22 … 1 … 8 … … 31 … 37 … … … 12 54 21 … 16 … … … 71 3 16 36 14 … … 33 22 … 0 … … … –11 … 5 12 23 … … 15 … … … 18 15 …

… … 53 … 49 … … 100 … 130 … … … 93 158 … … 103 … … … 217 … … 125 50 … … 118 77 … … … … … … … 30 … 149 … … … … … … 113 138 …

… … 28 … 19 … … 65 … 92 … … … 55 72 … … 60 … … … 113 … … 55 20 … … 39 32 … … … … … … … 27 … 91 … … … … … … 82 117 …

… … 1.9 … 2.6 … … 1.5 … 1.4 … … … 1.7 2.2 … … 1.7 … … … 1.9 … … 2.3 2.5 … … 3.0 2.4 … … … … … … … 1.1 … 1.6 … … … … … … 1.4 1.2 …

… … 25 … 30 … … 35 … 38 … … … 38 86 … … 43 … … … 104 … … 70 30 … … 78 46 … … … … … … … 3 … 58 … … … … … … 31 21 …

… … 57 … 44 … … 121 … 139 … … … 112 140 … … 103 … … … 194 … … 123 55 … … 106 94 … 49 … … … … … … … 127 … … … … … … 161 151 …

… … 29 … 25 … … 59 … 54 … … … 87 66 … … 67 … … … 92 … … 65 20 … … 49 38 … 37 … … … … … … … 63 … … … … … … 82 119 …

… … 2.0 … 1.8 … … 2.1 … 2.6 … … … 1.3 2.1 … … 1.5 … … … 2.1 … … 1.9 2.8 … … 2.2 2.5 … 1.3 … … … … … … … 2.0 … … … … … … 2.0 1.3 …

… … 28 … 19 … … 62 … 85 … … … 25 74 … … 35 … … … 102 … … 57 35 … … 57 56 … 12 … … … … … … … 64 … … … … … … 79 33 …

147

Table 8

MDG 4

8. Health inequities Member State

Year

MDG 5

Births attended by skilled health personnel a,b (%)

2007–2008

Difference highest–lowest

2005

Ratio highest–lowest

2004–2005 2003

Highest

2006–2007

Lowest

2001 2006 2008

Difference highest–lowest

2006

Ratio highest–lowest

2006–2007

Highest

2005 2005 2003–2004 2003

Lowest

2007

Difference urban–rural

2006

Ratio urban–rural

2003–2004 2004

Education level of mothere

Urban

Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritaniaf Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongoliaf Montenegrof,g Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeriah Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peruh Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldovag Romania Russian Federation Rwandah Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa

Wealth quintile

Rural

Place of residence

… … 40 53 … … 38 … … 39 … … … … 99 98 40 34 … 74 … 19 … … 83 8 28 … … … 30 … … … … 43 41 … … … … 99 … … 49 … … … …

… … 71 84 … … 80 … … 90 … … … … 100 100 85 81 … 94 … 52 … … 97 71 65 … … … 60 … … … … 92 79 … … … … 100 … … 70 … … … …

… … 1.8 1.6 … … 2.1 … … 2.3 … … … … 1.0 1.0 2.2 2.4 … 1.3 … 2.8 … … 1.2 8.5 2.4 … … … 2.0 … … … … 2.1 1.9 … … … … 1.0 … … 1.4 … … … …

… … 31 31 … … 42 … … 51 … … … … 1 2 46 47 … 20 … 33 … … 13 62 38 … … … 30 … … … … 49 38 … … … … 0 … … 21 … … … …

… … 30 47 … … 35 … … 21 … … … … 98 98 30 25 … 60 … 5 … … 78 5 8 … … … 16 … … … … 28 25 … … … … 99 … … 43 … … … …

… … 94 85 … … 86 … … 95 … … … … 100 100 95 89 … 98 … 58 … … 99 59 86 … … … 77 … … … … 100 92 … … … … 100 … … 71 … … … …

… … 3.1 1.8 … … 2.5 … … 4.6 … … … … 1.0 1.0 3.2 3.6 … 1.6 … 12.0 … … 1.3 11.8 10.3 … … … 4.8 … … … … 3.5 3.7 … … … … 1.0 … … 1.7 … … … …

… … 64 38 … … 51 … … 75 … … … … 2 3 66 64 … 38 … 53 … … 22 54 77 … … … 61 … … … … 72 67 … … … … 1 … … 28 … … … …

… … 22 43 … … 44 … … 45 … … … … … … 49 31 … 50 … 11 … … 77 13 … … … … 27 … … … … … 11 … … … … 100 … … 39 … … … …

… … 81 83 … … 92 … … 92 … … … … … … 94 95 … 92 … 53 … … 98 81 … … … … 74 … … … … … 72 … … … … 100 … … 82 … … … …

… … 3.7 2.0 … … 2.1 … … 2.0 … … … … … … 1.9 3.0 … 1.8 … 4.7 … … 1.3 6.1 … … … … 2.8 … … … … … 6.5 … … … … 1.0 … … 2.1 … … … …

… … 59 41 … … 48 … … 47 … … … … … … 46 63 … 42 … 41 … … 21 67 … … … … 47 … … … … … 61 … … … … –1 … … 43 … … … …

148

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 MDG 4 Under-five mortality ratea,d (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds a,c (%)

Highest

Ratio highest–lowest

Difference highest–lowest

Lowest

Highest

Ratio highest–lowest

Difference highest–lowest

Rural

Urban

Ratio rural–urban

Difference rural–urban

Lowest

Highest

Ratio lowest–highest

Difference lowest–highest

Lowest

Highest

Ratio lowest–highest

Difference lowest–highest

Education level of mothere

Lowest

Wealth quintile

Difference urban–rural

Place of residence

Ratio urban–rural

Education level of mothere

Urban

Wealth quintile

Rural

Place of residence

… … 56 78 … … 66 … … 79 … … … … 86 82 86 71 … 82 … 85 … … 74 42 34 … … … 56 … … … … 87 78 … … … … 92 … … 90 … … … …

… … 74 87 … … 76 … … 72 … … … … 90 84 94 91 … 86 … 89 … … 77 72 59 … … … 69 … … … … 88 82 … … … … 88 … … 92 … … … …

… … 1.3 1.1 … … 1.2 … … 0.9 … … … … 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.3 … 1.0 … 1.1 … … 1.0 1.7 1.8 … … … 1.2 … … … … 1.0 1.1 … … … … 1.0 … … 1.0 … … … …

… … 18 9 … … 10 … … –7 … … … … 4 3 8 20 … 4 … 4 … … 3 30 25 … … … 13 … … … … 1 4 … … … … –4 … … 2 … … … …

… … 38 67 … … 68 … … 67 … … … … 88 (83) 83 61 … 70 … 73 … … 76 32 17 … … … 36 … … … … 86 70 … … … … (91) … … 89 … … … …

… … 84 88 … … 78 … … 79 … … … … 91 (78) 98 96 … 95 … 95 … … 94 74 75 … … … 76 … … … … 90 89 … … … … 91 … … 92 … … … …

… … 2.2 1.3 … … 1.2 … … 1.2 … … … … 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.6 … 1.4 … 1.3 … … 1.2 2.3 4.3 … … … 2.1 … … … … 1.0 1.3 … … … … 1.0 … … 1.0 … … … …

… … 46 21 … … 11 … … 12 … … … … 3 –4 15 36 … 25 … 21 … … 18 41 58 … … … 39 … … … … 4 20 … … … … 0 … … 3 … … … …

… … 36 72 … … 66 … … 70 … … … … … … 88 66 … 57 … 78 … … 69 43 … … … … 51 … … … … … 46 … … … … … … … 86 … … … …

… … 85 94 … … 90 … … 80 … … … … … … 96 99 … 91 … 99 … … 73 84 … … … … 81 … … … … … 83 … … … … … … … 95 … … … …

… … 2.4 1.3 … … 1.4 … … 1.1 … … … … … … 1.1 1.5 … 1.6 … 1.3 … … 1.0 2.0 … … … … 1.6 … … … … … 1.8 … … … … … … … 1.1 … … … …

… … 49 22 … … 24 … … 10 … … … … … … 9 34 … 34 … 21 … … 3 42 … … … … 31 … … … … … 38 … … … … … … … 9 … … … …

… … 120 164 … … 234 … … 127 … … … … 69 … 69 192 … 76 … 84 … … 55 231 191 … … … 100 … … … … 52 52 … … … … 30 … … 142 … … … …

… … 73 116 … … 158 … … 114 … … … … 31 … 38 143 … 60 … 47 … … 34 139 121 … … … 78 … … … … 31 30 … … … … 20 … … 87 … … … …

… … 1.6 1.4 … … 1.5 … … 1.1 … … … … 2.2 … 1.8 1.3 … 1.3 … 1.8 … … 1.6 1.7 1.6 … … … 1.3 … … … … 1.7 1.7 … … … … 1.5 … … 1.6 … … … …

… … 47 48 … … 76 … … 14 … … … … 38 … 31 49 … 16 … 36 … … 21 91 70 … … … 21 … … … … 21 22 … … … … 9 … … 55 … … … …

… … 142 183 … … 233 … … 144 … … … … … … 78 196 … 92 … 98 … … 64 206 219 … … … 121 … … … … 63 66 … … … … 29 … … 161 … … … …

… … 49 111 … … 124 … … 87 … … … … … … 26 108 … 30 … 47 … … 19 157 87 … … … 60 … … … … 11 21 … … … … 17 … … 84 … … … …

… … 2.9 1.6 … … 1.9 … … 1.6 … … … … … … 3.0 1.8 … 3.1 … 2.1 … … 3.3 1.3 2.5 … … … 2.0 … … … … 5.7 3.2 … … … … 1.7 … … 1.9 … … … …

… … 92 72 … … 110 … … 57 … … … … … … 52 88 … 63 … 51 … … 45 49 132 … … … 61 … … … … 52 46 … … … … 12 … … 77 … … … …

… … 149 183 … … 223 … … 118 … … … … … … 63 201 … 79 … 93 … … 72 222 … … … … 102 … … … … … 105 … … … … … … … 174 … … … …

… … 65 86 … … 102 … … 89 … … … … … … 27 86 … 54 … 32 … … 25 92 … … … … 62 … … … … … 29 … … … … … … … 43 … … … …

… … 2.3 2.1 … … 2.2 … … 1.3 … … … … … … 2.3 2.3 … 1.5 … 2.9 … … 2.9 2.4 … … … … 1.6 … … … … … 3.7 … … … … … … … 4.0 … … … …

… … 83 97 … … 122 … … 29 … … … … … … 36 115 … 25 … 60 … … 47 130 … … … … 40 … … … … … 76 … … … … … … … 131 … … … …

149

Table 8

MDG 4

8. Health inequities Member State

Year

MDG 5

Births attended by skilled health personnel a,b (%)

2002 2006 2007 2005–2006

Difference highest–lowest

2006

Ratio highest–lowest

2004–2005

Highest

2006 2007

Lowest

2006 2006 2003 2000

Difference highest–lowest

2006

Ratio highest–lowest

2006 2005 2005–2006 2005–2006

Highest

2006–2007

Lowest

2006 2003

Difference urban–rural

2008

Ratio urban–rural

Timor-Leste Togof Tonga Trinidad and Tobagof,g Tunisiaf Turkeyh Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistanf Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nami Yemenf Zambia Zimbabwe

2005 2005

Education level of mothere

Urban

San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbiaf Seychelles Sierra Leoneh Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somaliaf South Africah Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republicf Tajikistanf Thailandf The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaf

Wealth quintile

Rural

Place of residence

… … … 33 99 … 33 … … … … 15 85 … … … … 70 … … 88 81 97 98

… … … 85 99 … 67 … … … … 65 94 … … … … 88 … … 98 89 99 98

… … … 2.5 1.0 … 2.0 … … … … 4.5 1.1 … … … … 1.3 … … 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0

… … … 51 0 … 34 … … … … 51 9 … … … … 18 … … 9 8 3 0

… … … 20 98 … 28 … … … … 11 … … … … … 51 … … 78 70 93 95

… … … 89 100 … 71 … … … … 77 … … … … … 92 … … 99 91 100 100

… … … 4.4 1.0 … 2.5 … … … … 7.2 … … … … … 1.8 … … 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.0

… … … 69 2 … 43 … … … … 66 … … … … … 42 … … 21 21 7 5

… … … 42 … … 36 … … … … 25 … … … … … 57 … … … … 81 89

… … … 88 … … 73 … … … … 73 … … … … … 84 … … … … 99 100

… … … 2.1 … … 2.0 … … … … 3.0 … … … … … 1.5 … … … … 1.2 1.1

… … … 45 … … 37 … … … … 48 … … … … … 27 … … … … 18 11

… 40 … … … 69 97 … 38 98 … … 47 … … 100 … … 82 26 31 58

… 93 … … … 90 98 … 80 99 … … 83 … … 100 … … 99 62 83 94

… 2.3 … … … 1.3 1.0 … 2.1 1.0 … … 1.8 … … 1.0 … … 1.2 2.3 2.7 1.6

… 54 … … … 21 2 … 43 1 … … 36 … … 0 … … 17 35 52 36

… 30 … 98 … … 97 … 28 97 … … 39 … … 100 … … 58 17 27 46

… 97 … 100 … … 98 … 77 99 … … 90 … … 100 … … 100 74 91 95

… 3.3 … 1.0 … … 1.0 … 2.7 1.0 … … 2.3 … … 1.0 … … 1.7 4.3 3.4 2.1

… 67 … 2 … … 2 … 48 2 … … 51 … … 0 … … 42 57 64 49

… 44 … … … … 93 … 26 100 … … 40 … … … … … 42 27 24 35

… 89 … … … … 97 … 76 99 … … 89 … … … … … 94 61 73 81

… 2.0 … … … … 1.0 … 2.9 1.0 … … 2.2 … … … … … 2.3 2.3 3.1 2.3

… 45 … … … … 5 … 50 –1 … … 49 … … … … … 52 34 49 46

150

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 MDG 4 Under-five mortality ratea,d (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds a,c (%)

Highest

Ratio highest–lowest

Difference highest–lowest

Lowest

Highest

Ratio highest–lowest

Difference highest–lowest

Rural

Urban

Ratio rural–urban

Difference rural–urban

Lowest

Highest

Ratio lowest–highest

Difference lowest–highest

Lowest

Highest

Ratio lowest–highest

Difference lowest–highest

Education level of mothere

Lowest

Wealth quintile

Difference urban–rural

Place of residence

Ratio urban–rural

Education level of mothere

Urban

Wealth quintile

Rural

Place of residence

… … … 71 89 … 58 … … … … 23 68 … … … … 91 … … 91 90 96 88

… … … 77 85 … 65 … … … … 40 59 … … … … 95 … … 94 96 96 89

… … … 1.1 1.0 … 1.1 … … … … 1.8 0.9 … … … … 1.0 … … 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0

… … … 6 –4 … 6 … … … … 17 –9 … … … … 4 … … 3 6 0 2

… … … 71 87 … 56 … … … … 22 … … … … … 89 … … 89 89 96 80

… … … 81 84 … 68 … … … … 47 … … … … … 93 … … 97 96 99 93

… … … 1.1 1.0 … 1.2 … … … … 2.1 … … … … … 1.0 … … 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2

… … … 10 –3 … 13 … … … … 25 … … … … … 4 … … 9 8 3 13

… … … 69 … … 56 … … … … 24 … … … … … 84 … … … … 90 71

… … … 95 … … 75 … … … … 48 … … … … … 93 … … … … 96 92

… … … 1.4 … … 1.3 … … … … 2.0 … … … … … 1.1 … … … … 1.1 1.3

… … … 26 … … 19 … … … … 25 … … … … … 9 … … … … 6 21

… … … 160 … … 168 … … … … 136 57 … … … … 105 … … 24 83 … 26

… … … 91 … … 167 … … … … 134 51 … … … … 107 … … 19 70 … 10

… … … 1.8 … … 1.0 … … … … 1.0 1.1 … … … … 1.0 … … 1.3 1.2 … 2.6

… … … 69 … … 1 … … … … 2 6 … … … … –2 … … 5 13 … 16

… … … 183 … … 211 … … … … … … … … … … 118 … … 22 … … …

… … … 64 … … 144 … … … … … … … … … … 101 … … 20 … … …

… … … 2.8 … … 1.5 … … … … … … … … … … 1.2 … … 1.1 … … …

… … … 119 … … 67 … … … … … … … … … … 17 … … 2 … … …

… … … 152 … … 170 … … … … … … … … … … 150 … … … … … …

… … … 60 … … 130 … … … … … … … … … … 95 … … … … … …

… … … 2.5 … … 1.3 … … … … … … … … … … 1.6 … … … … … …

… … … 92 … … 40 … … … … … … … … … … 55 … … … … … …

… 61 … … 97 69 92 … 67 … … … 78 … … 98 … … 81 59 84 63

… 67 … … 99 84 82 … 77 … … … 90 … … 97 … … 94 80 89 72

… 1.1 … … 1.0 1.2 0.9 … 1.1 … … … 1.2 … … 1.0 … … 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.1

… 6 … … 2 15 –10 … 10 … … … 12 … … 0 … … 14 22 5 8

… 57 … (98) … … 91 … 66 … … … 65 … … 97 … … 64 52 88 54

… 72 … (85) … … 80 … 73 … … … 91 … … 98 … … 98 86 94 74

… 1.3 … 0.9 … … 0.9 … 1.1 … … … 1.4 … … 1.0 … … 1.5 1.6 1.1 1.4

… 15 … –13 … … –11 … 7 … … … 26 … … 1 … … 33 33 7 20

… 50 … … … … 74 … 64 … … … 65 … … … … … 49 60 82 30

… 82 … … … … 88 … 82 … … … 90 … … … … … 93 81 90 71

… 1.6 … … … … 1.2 … 1.3 … … … 1.4 … … … … … 1.9 1.4 1.1 2.3

… 32 … … … … 14 … 18 … … … 25 … … … … … 44 21 8 41

… 143 … … … 50 100 … 147 20 … … 138 … … 59 … … 36 86 139 72

… 73 … … … 30 73 … 115 19 … … 108 … … 51 … … 16 57 132 64

… 2.0 … … … 1.7 1.4 … 1.3 1.1 … … 1.3 … … 1.2 … … 2.2 1.5 1.1 1.1

… 70 … … … 20 27 … 32 1 … … 31 … … 8 … … 19 29 7 8

… 150 … … … … 106 … 172 23 … … 137 … … 72 … … 53 118 124 72

… 62 … … … … 70 … 108 9 … … 93 … … 42 … … 16 37 110 57

… 2.4 … … … … 1.5 … 1.6 2.7 … … 1.5 … … 1.7 … … 3.3 3.2 1.1 1.3

… 88 … … … … 36 … 64 15 … … 44 … … 30 … … 37 81 14 15

… 145 … … … … 133 … 164 … … … 160 … … … … … 66 … 144 69

… 64 … … … … 88 … 91 … … … 76 … … … … … 29 … 105 68

… 2.3 … … … … 1.5 … 1.8 … … … 2.1 … … … … … 2.3 … 1.4 1.0

… 81 … … … … 45 … 73 … … … 84 … … … … … 38 … 39 1

151

Table 8

MDG 4

8. Health inequities Member State

Year

MDG 5

Births attended by skilled health personnel a,b (%)

Ratio urban–rural

Difference urban–rural

Lowest

Highest

Ratio highest–lowest

Difference highest–lowest

Lowest

Highest

Ratio highest–lowest

Difference highest–lowest

Education level of mothere

Urban

Wealth quintile

Rural

Place of residence

3 51 100

37 89 100

… … …

1 39 100

27 95 100

… … …

2 36 100

33 87 100

… … …

RANGES OF COUNTRY VALUES Minimum Median Maximum

152

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 MDG 4

MDG 4 Under-five mortality ratea,d (probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births)

Measles immunization coverage among 1-year-olds a,c (%)

Ratio highest–lowest

Difference highest–lowest

Lowest

Highest

Ratio highest–lowest

Difference highest–lowest

Rural

Urban

Ratio rural–urban

Difference rural–urban

Lowest

Highest

Ratio lowest–highest

Difference lowest–highest

Lowest

Highest

Ratio lowest–highest

Difference lowest–highest

19 78 99

38 84 100

… … …

8 70 100

38 86 100

… … …

18 62 98

48 85 99

… … …

19 94 253

10 73 250

… … …

22 120 233

9 61 187

… … …

44 139 223

20 65 143

… … …

Table 8

Highest

Education level of mothere

Lowest

Wealth quintile

Difference urban–rural

Place of residence

Ratio urban–rural

Education level of mothere

Urban

Wealth quintile

Rural

Place of residence

153

Table 9

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Demographic and socioeconomic statistics This section presents data on demographic and socioeconomic factors that are major determinants of health. For example, reductions in child mortality are closely associated with improvements in female education (Figure 15, Box 8). The table includes three MDG-related indicators â&#x20AC;&#x201C; adolescent fertility; primary school enrolment ratios; and population living in poverty. The table also includes data on demographics (population size, growth, fertility rates and urbanization); coverage of civil registration of births and deaths; adult literacy; and per capita gross national income. In addition to their intrinsic value, such data are also important in making other statistics comparable across countries. For example, data on disease incidence, prevalence and mortality rates, and on the availability of healthsystem resources all require reliable population-based denominators. These demographic and socioeconomic data have been derived from a variety of national and international sources. The latter include the World Bank, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations Childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Fund (UNICEF) and the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA). Estimates are based on a combination of administrative records, population-based surveys, censuses and civil registration data and on statistical modelling to account for missing values. For more information on the sources and methods used for a particular indicator, please refer to the relevant footnotes and to the web site of the responsible organization.

155

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Figure 15: Mortality rate in children under 5 years old against female net primary school enrolment rate

220

200 AFR AMR 180

SEAR EUR EMR

Probability of dying by age 5 per 1000 live births, 2008

160

WPR

140

120

100

0 0

Female net primary school enrolment rate, 1990â&#x20AC;&#x201C;1999 (%)

156

100

Box 8: Correlation between female primary education and child mortality rates

In Figure 15, the available data from 120 countries is shown. Each shape represents one country coded according to WHO region. Two conclusions can be drawn from the data: High rates of child mortality are strongly associated with a lack of female primary education â&#x20AC;&#x201C; in general, countries with a higher rate of female primary education have lower levels of under-five mortality. There is much more variation between countries in the WHO African Region than in other WHO regions â&#x20AC;&#x201C; where there are few outliers.

157

Table 9

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

9. Demographic and socioeconomic statistics Populationa

Member State

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic People's Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti

Total (000s)

Median age

Aged under 15 (%)

Aged over 60 (%)

2008

27 208 3 143 34 373 84 18 021 87 39 883 3 077 21 074 8 337 8 731 338 776 160 000 255 9 679 10 590 301 8 662 687 9 694 3 773 1 921 191 972 392 7 593 15 234 8 074 14 562 19 088 33 259 499 4 339 10 914 16 804 1 344 920 45 012 661 3 615 20 4 519 20 591 4 423 11 205 862 10 319 23 819 64 257 5 458 849

17 29 25 … 17 … 30 32 37 41 28 29 28 24 37 38 41 22 18 23 21 39 22 28 27 41 17 20 22 19 39 20 19 17 31 33 26 21 19 … 27 19 41 37 36 39 33 16 40 21

46 24 28 14 45 27 25 21 19 15 25 26 27 32 18 15 17 36 43 31 37 16 34 26 27 13 46 39 34 41 17 37 41 46 23 20 30 38 41 33 26 41 15 18 18 14 22 47 18 37

4 13 7 22 4 12 14 14 19 23 9 10 4 6 14 18 23 6 5 7 7 18 6 10 5 24 3 4 6 5 19 6 6 4 13 12 8 5 6 8 9 6 23 16 18 21 14 4 23 5

158

Civil registration coverage (%)

Annual growth rate (%) 1988– 1998

1998– 2008

5.1 –0.4 2.1 2.6 2.9 1.5 1.3 –1.2 1.2 0.5 1.4 1.8 3.0 2.0 –0.2 0.0 0.3 2.9 3.3 0.0 2.2 –2.2 2.7 1.6 2.7 –0.9 2.8 1.6 3.0 2.7 1.1 2.2 2.5 3.1 1.7 1.2 1.9 2.4 2.4 0.0 2.5 3.3 0.2 0.6 1.4 0.0 1.4 3.4 0.3 3.2

3.2 0.2 1.5 2.6 2.9 1.6 1.0 –0.1 1.2 0.4 0.9 1.3 2.2 1.6 0.1 –0.5 0.4 2.3 3.2 2.6 1.9 0.8 1.5 1.3 2.1 –0.7 3.2 2.5 1.7 2.3 1.0 1.6 1.9 3.3 1.1 0.7 1.6 2.2 2.1 1.0 1.9 2.3 –0.4 0.2 1.2 0.1 0.6 2.8 0.3 2.1

Birthsb

Living in urban areas (%)

1990 18 36 52 95 37 35 87 67 85 66 54 80 88 20 33 66 96 47 34 16 56 39 42 75 66 66 14 6 13 41 77 44 37 21 83 28 68 28 54 57 51 40 54 73 67 75 58 28 85 76

2000 21 42 60 92 49 32 90 65 87 66 51 82 88 24 36 70 97 48 38 25 62 43 53 81 71 69 17 8 17 50 79 53 38 23 86 36 72 28 58 64 59 44 56 76 69 74 60 30 85 83

2008 24 47 65 89 57 30 92 64 89 67 52 84 89 27 40 73 97 52 41 35 66 47 60 86 75 71 20 10 22 57 80 60 39 27 88 43 74 28 61 74 63 49 57 76 70 73 63 34 87 87

Deathsc

2000–2008 6h >90 >90 >90 29h … >90 >90 >90 >90 >90 … >90 10h >90 >90 >90 94h 60h … 74h >90 58h 89h,k >90 >90 64h 60h 66h 70h >90 >90 49h 9h >90 … 90h 83h 81h,k >90 >90 55h >90 >90 >90 >90 99h 31h >90 89h

<25 50–74 75–89 25–49 <25 75–89 90–100 50–74 90–100 90–100 50–74 90–100 75–89 <25 90–100 90–100 90–100 90–100 <25 <25 <25 … <25 75–89 90–100 90–100 <25 <25 <25 <25 90–100 … <25 <25 90–100 <25 90–100 <25 <25 >75 90–100 <25 90–100 90–100 90–100 90–100 <25 <25 90–100 <25

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 MDG 5 Adolescent fertility rated

Adult literacy ratee (%)

(per 1000 girls 15–19 years)

1990 8.0 2.9 4.7 1.3i 7.2 … 3.0 2.5 1.9 1.5 3.0 2.6 3.7 4.4 1.7 1.9 1.6 4.5 6.7 5.9 4.9 1.7 4.7 2.8 3.2 1.7 6.8 6.6 5.8 5.9 1.7 5.3 5.8 6.7 2.6 2.3 3.1 5.5 5.4 … 3.2 6.3 1.7 1.8 2.4 1.8 2.4 7.1 1.7 6.2

2000 7.7 2.2 2.6 1.4i 6.8 2.7i 2.5 1.7 1.8 1.4 2.0 2.2 2.6 3.0 1.5 1.2 1.6 3.6 6.0 3.8 4.1 1.4 3.4 2.4 2.5 1.2 6.3 5.8 3.9 5.0 1.5 3.7 5.4 6.6 2.1 1.8 2.6 4.3 4.8 3.2i 2.4 5.2 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.1 2.0 6.9 1.8 4.8

2008 6.6 1.9 2.4 1.3i 5.8 2.1i 2.2 1.7 1.8 1.4 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.3 1.5 1.3 1.8 2.9 5.4 2.6 3.5 1.2 2.9 1.9 2.1 1.4 5.9 4.6 2.9 4.6 1.6 2.7 4.8 6.2 1.9 1.8 2.4 4.0 4.4 2.6i 2.0 4.6 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.9 6.0 1.8 3.9

2000–2007 151 13 4 11 165 67 62 25 15 12j 44 43 15j 127 51 20 10 90 114 46 88 16j 51 56 26j 38 131 30 52 141 14j 92 133 193 49 5 96 95 132 47 63j 111 13j 42j 6j 11j … 124 6j 27

Male 1990– 1999 … … … … … … 96 … … … 99 … 84 35 … 100 … 70 27 … 80 … 69 … 88 … 13 37 67 … … 63 … 12 94 78 91 63 … … … 36 97 … 94 … … … … …

2000– 2007 28 99 75 … 67 99 98 99 … … 100 … 89 53 … 100 … … 41 53 91 97 83 90 95 98 29 59 76 68 … 84 49 32 97 93 93 75 … … 96 49 99 100 98 … … 67 … …

Gross national income per capitaf (PPP int. $)

MDG 2 Net primary school enrolment ratee (%)

1990– 1999

Female 2000– 2009

… … 93 … … … … … 94 97 88 89 95 … … … 99 89 66 59 95 … 80 … … 98 41 39 87 … 99 100 … 63 … … 93 70 … 87 … 63 86 97 95 96 … 33 97 32

159

… 91 96 81 … 75 … 73 97 97 97 89 98 85 … 93 98 98 99 82 93 … 85 93 93 95 64 100 90 … 99 85 68 72 95 … 90 79 79 69 … 62 91 99 99 91 … … 95 48

1990– 1999 … … 89 … … … … … 94 98 89 89 97 … … … 99 88 45 52 95 … 83 … … 96 29 33 79 … 99 98 … 39 … … 93 59 … 83 … 48 85 98 95 97 … 32 97 23

2000– 2009 0 91 94 79 … 73 … 75 97 98 95 92 98 86 … 96 98 98 86 84 94 … 87 92 93 94 56 99 87 … 100 84 50 50 94 … 90 67 75 66 … 50 90 99 99 94 … … 96 43

1990

2000

2008

… 2 820 4 340 … 1 840 8 110 5 160 2 040 16 310 19 290 … … 10 830 500 … 4 650 18 720 2 970 790 1 280 2 010 … 4 860 5 050 35 700 5 000 520 340 … 1 430 18 830 1 230 570 690 4 490 800l 4 120 880 2 060 … 4 340 1 170 9 530 … 10 690 … … 400 18 030 …

… 4 370 5 120 … 1 850 … 8 860 2 090 24 920 28 570 2 080 … 20 030 820 … 5 120 28 150 4 630 1 130 2 330 2 930 4 910 8 310 6 810 42 070 6 000 790 310 860 1 520 27 630 2 080 640 770 8 910 2 330l 5 550 970 1 990 … 6 620 1 430 10 580 … 16 020 14 640 … 210 28 180 1 600

… 7 950 7 940 … 5 020 20 570 14 020 6 310 34 040 37 680 7 770 … … 1 440 … 12 150 34 760 6 040 1 460 4 880 4 140 8 620 13 100 10 070 … 11 950 1 160 380 1 820 2 180 36 220 3 450 730 1 160 13 270 6 020l 8 510 1 170 3 090 … 10 950 1 580 18 420 … … 22 790 … 290 37 280 2 330

MDG 1 Population living on <$1g (PPP int. $) a dayg (%) 2000–2007 … <2.0 … … 54.3 … 4.5 10.6 … … <2.0 … … 49.6 … <2.0 … … 47.3 26.2 19.6 <2.0 … 5.2 … <2.0 56.5 81.3 40.2 32.8 … 20.6 62.4 61.9 <2.0 15.9 16.0 46.1 54.1 … 2.4 23.3 <2.0 … … … … 59.2 … 18.8

Table 9

Total fertility ratea (per woman)

9. Demographic and socioeconomic statistics Populationa

Member State

Total (000s)

Median age

Aged under 15 (%)

Aged over 60 (%)

2008

67 9 953 13 481 81 527 6 134 659 4 927 1 341 80 713 844 5 304 62 036 1 448 1 660 4 307 82 264 23 351 11 137 104 13 686 9 833 1 575 763 9 876 7 319 10 012 315 1 181 412 227 345 73 312 30 096 4 437 7 051 59 604 2 708 127 293 6 136 15 521 38 765 97 2 919 5 414 6 205 2 259 4 194 2 049 3 793 6 294 3 321 481

… 25 25 23 23 19 19 39 18 24 42 40 21 19 37 43 20 41 24 19 18 19 27 21 20 40 35 24 28 26 19 34 29 43 26 44 22 29 18 … 30 25 20 40 28 19 18 25 39 39

27 32 31 32 33 41 42 15 44 32 17 18 37 42 17 14 39 14 28 42 43 43 30 37 38 15 21 32 27 24 41 21 28 14 30 13 35 24 43 31 23 30 38 14 26 39 43 30 15 18

12 8 9 7 10 4 4 22 5 8 23 22 6 5 19 26 6 24 9 6 5 5 9 6 6 22 16 7 9 7 5 16 14 26 10 29 6 10 4 7 4 7 5 22 10 7 5 6 21 19

160

Civil registration coverage (%)

Annual growth rate (%) 1988– 1998

1998– 2008

–0.2 1.9 2.0 2.1 1.2 3.4 1.2 –1.2 3.2 0.9 0.4 0.4 3.0 3.8 –1.1 0.4 2.7 0.8 0.3 2.3 3.4 2.5 0.0 2.0 2.6 –0.2 1.0 2.0 1.5 1.9 3.0 0.5 3.0 0.0 0.8 0.3 4.5 –0.7 3.1 1.7 –0.4 1.2 2.6 –0.9 2.4 1.6 0.9 2.1 –0.3 1.3

–0.2 1.5 1.2 1.9 0.4 2.8 3.7 –0.4 2.6 0.7 0.3 0.6 2.1 3.1 –1.2 0.0 2.3 0.2 0.2 2.4 2.0 2.3 0.1 1.7 2.0 –0.3 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.2 2.6 1.8 1.9 0.4 0.7 0.1 2.8 0.2 2.6 1.7 4.0 1.2 1.8 –0.7 1.3 1.2 4.4 2.0 –0.7 1.2

Birthsb

Living in urban areas (%)

1990 68 55 55 43 49 35 16 71 13 42 61 74 69 38 55 73 36 59 32 41 28 28 30 29 40 66 91 26 31 56 70 57 90 67 49 63 72 56 18 35 98 38 15 69 83 14 45 76 68 81

2000 71 62 60 43 58 39 18 69 15 48 61 76 80 49 53 73 44 60 31 45 31 30 29 36 44 65 92 28 42 64 68 59 91 67 52 65 78 56 20 43 98 35 22 68 86 20 54 76 67 84

2008 74 69 66 43 61 39 21 69 17 52 63 77 85 57 53 74 50 61 31 49 34 30 28 47 48 68 92 29 52 68 67 61 92 68 53 66 78 58 22 44 98 36 31 68 87 25 60 78 67 82

Deathsc

2000–2008 >90 78h 85h >90 >90 32h … >90 7h >90 >90 >90 89h 55h >90 >90 51h >90 … >90 43h 39h 93h 81h 94h >90 >90 41h 55h >90 95h >90 >90 >90 >90 >90 >90 >90 48h,k … >90 >90 72h >90 >90 26h 4h,k … >90 >90

>75 50–74 50–74 75–89 75–89 <25 <25 90–100 <25 90–100 90–100 90–100 <25 <25 75–89 90–100 <25 90–100 … 75–89 <25 <25 50–74 <25 … 90–100 90–100 <25 <25 50–74 <25 90–100 90–100 90–100 … 90–100 25–49 75–89 25–49 >75 90–100 75–89 <25 90–100 <25 <25 <25 <25 90–100 90–100

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 MDG 5 Adolescent fertility rated

Adult literacy ratee (%)

(per 1000 girls 15–19 years)

1990

2000 i

3.0 3.5 3.7 4.6 4.0 5.9 6.2 1.9 7.1 3.4 1.7 1.8 5.2 6.1 2.2 1.4 5.6 1.4 3.8 5.6 6.7 5.9 2.6 5.4 5.1 1.8 2.2 4.0 3.1 4.8 6.0 2.1 3.0 1.3 2.9 1.6 5.5 2.8 6.0 4.6i 3.5 3.9 6.0 1.9 3.1 4.9 6.5 4.8 2.0 1.6

2008 i

2.3 2.9 3.0 3.3 2.9 5.8 5.4 1.3 6.2 3.1 1.7 1.8 4.1 5.6 1.6 1.3 4.7 1.3 2.6 4.8 6.0 5.9 2.5 4.3 4.0 1.3 2.0 3.3 2.5 2.2 5.0 1.9 2.9 1.2 2.6 1.3 3.9 1.9 5.0 4.3i 2.4 2.7 4.6 1.2 2.4 4.1 5.9 3.2 1.3 1.7

2000–2007 i

2.1 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.3 5.3 4.6 1.7 5.3 2.7 1.8 1.9 3.3 5.1 1.6 1.3 4.3 1.4 2.3 4.1 5.4 5.7 2.3 3.5 3.3 1.4 2.1 2.7 2.2 1.8 4.1 2.0 2.8 1.4 2.4 1.3 3.1 2.3 4.9 3.1i 2.2 2.5 3.5 1.4 1.8 3.3 5.1 2.7 1.3 1.7

48 98 100 27j 67j 128 85 20 109 30j 9j 8j … 104 37 10j 74 11 53 92j 153 170 90 69 108 20j 14j 45 51 25 68 17 15j 7j 58j 5j 28 27 116 39 14j 28j 110 17j 18 98 137 4j 19j 10j

Male 1990– 1999 … … 88 56 74 … … … 27 … … … 72 … … … … 93 … 64 … … … … … 99 … 48 82 73 … … … … 80 … … 100 … … 78 99 60 … … … 41 76 … …

2000– 2007 … 89 84 66 82 87 64 100 36 … … … 86 … … … 65 97 … 73 29 … … … 84 99 … 66 92 82 74 … … 99 86 … 91 100 74 … 94 99 73 100 90 82 56 87 100 …

Gross national income per capitaf (PPP int. $)

MDG 2 Net primary school enrolment ratee (%)

1990– 1999

Female 2000– 2009

95 79 97 88 … … 36 96 43 98 99 99 … 81 … 99 61 92 … 86 51 61 … … … 88 100 … … 95 94 93 98 99 88 … 91 … 62 … 86 89 81 98 92 54 54 … 96 96

161

68 80 93 95 93 54 45 94 81 91 96 98 81 67 100 98 73 99 92 97 76 61 95 … 96 90 97 91 97 100 93 96 97 99 86 … 88 90 81 … 89 84 84 89 89 71 85 … 92 95

1990– 1999 93 80 98 82 … … 31 95 30 99 98 99 … 71 … 99 58 93 … 78 35 43 … … … 88 98 … … 91 81 94 98 99 89 … 91 … 63 … 87 87 74 96 89 61 42 … 95 98

2000– 2009 72 80 90 92 95 53 40 94 75 91 96 99 80 71 98 98 74 100 93 93 66 43 95 … 98 88 97 88 94 96 81 97 98 98 84 … 90 89 82 … 87 83 81 92 88 74 66 … 91 96

1990

2000

2008

4 080 2 610 3 510 2 240 2 600 1 330 … … 390 2 370 17 220 17 800 9 700 760 3 900 18 630 630 13 080 3 410 2 360 620 490 730 1 170 1 760 8 390 20 640 860 1 430 4 510 … 11 950 12 580 17 360 3 880 18 870 2 280 5 120 990 2 070 … 1 810 680 7 810 4 640 1 110 … … 9 000 28 900

5 350 4 810 4 430 3 570 4 500 5 330 600 9 430 460 3 510 25 470 26 380 9 940 920 2 150 25 670 900 18 440 5 560 3 470 850 530 1 910 1 060 2 510 11 730 28 030 1 500 2 240 6 790 … 24 590 21 480 25 370 5 560 25 910 3 260 4 460 1 130 3 820 35 010 1 250 1 130 8 010 7 510 1 330 290 … 8 460 46 690

8 300 7 890 7 760 5 460 6 670 21 700 630 19 280 870 4 270 35 660 34 400 12 270 1 280 4 850 35 940 1 430 28 470 8 060 4 690 1 190 530 2 510 1 180 3 870 17 790 25 220 2 960 3 830 … … 37 350 27 450 30 250 7 360 35 220 5 530 9 690 1 580 3 660 … 2 140 2 040 16 740 10 880 2 000 300 15 630 18 210 64 320

MDG 1 Population living on <$1g (PPP int. $) a dayg (%) 2000–2007 … 5.0 4.7 <2.0 11.0 … … <2.0 39.0 … … … 4.8 34.3 13.4 … 30.0 … … 11.7 70.1 48.8 … 54.9 18.2 <2.0 … 41.6 … <2.0 … … … … <2.0 … <2.0 3.1 19.7 … … 21.8 44.0 <2.0 … 43.4 83.7 … <2.0 …

Table 9

Total fertility ratea (per woman)

9. Demographic and socioeconomic statistics Populationa

Member State

Total (000s)

Median age

Aged under 15 (%)

Aged over 60 (%)

2008

19 111 14 846 27 014 305 12 706 407 61 3 215 1 280 108 555 110 33 2 641 622 31 606 22 383 49 563 2 130 10 28 810 16 528 4 230 5 667 14 704 151 212 2 4 767 2 785 176 952 20 3 399 6 577 6 238 28 837 90 348 38 104 10 677 1 281 48 152 3 633 21 361 141 394 9 721 51 170 109 179 31 160 25 201

18 17 26 23 18 38 … 20 32 27 20 … 25 35 25 18 27 21 … 21 40 36 21 15 18 … 39 24 21 … 27 20 23 25 23 38 40 30 37 35 38 38 18 … 27 27 19 … 19 24

43 46 30 29 44 16 31 40 23 29 37 18 27 20 29 44 27 37 31 37 18 21 36 50 43 33 19 32 37 31 30 40 34 31 34 15 15 16 17 17 15 15 42 27 27 27 40 14 41 33

5 5 7 6 4 20 7 4 11 9 6 22 6 17 8 5 8 5 7 6 21 17 6 4 5 8 20 5 6 7 9 4 7 8 6 18 23 2 15 15 20 17 4 12 9 9 7 26 5 4

162

Civil registration coverage (%)

Annual growth rate (%) 1988– 1998

1998– 2008

3.0 2.5 2.6 2.6 1.9 0.8 1.6 2.7 1.2 1.9 1.6 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.6 1.4 2.9 1.4 2.5 0.6 1.3 2.2 3.3 2.5 –2.0 0.5 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.0 2.6 2.4 1.9 2.3 0.2 0.1 2.8 0.8 –0.2 –0.3 0.1 –0.3 0.9 1.4 0.1 0.9 1.1 2.0 2.7

2.8 2.9 2.0 1.5 2.3 0.6 1.6 2.7 0.9 1.2 0.3 0.4 1.2 –0.5 1.2 2.6 0.8 2.0 0.1 2.1 0.5 1.1 1.4 3.6 2.4 –2.7 0.7 1.8 2.3 1.0 1.8 2.5 2.0 1.3 1.9 –0.1 0.5 8.1 0.5 –1.5 –0.5 –0.4 3.6 1.3 1.1 0.1 0.3 1.7 1.7 2.5

Living in urban areas (%)

1990 24 12 50 26 23 90 65 40 44 71 26 100 57 48 48 21 25 28 100 9 69 85 52 15 35 31 72 66 31 70 54 15 49 69 49 61 48 92 74 47 53 73 5 35 29 41 21 90 44 77

2000 27 15 62 28 28 92 68 40 43 75 22 100 57 59 53 31 28 32 100 13 77 86 55 16 43 34 76 72 33 70 66 13 55 71 59 62 54 95 80 45 53 73 14 33 28 44 22 93 53 80

2008 29 19 70 38 32 94 71 41 42 77 22 100 57 60 56 37 33 37 100 17 82 87 57 16 48 39 77 72 36 80 73 12 60 71 65 61 59 96 81 42 54 73 18 32 28 47 23 94 61 82

Birthsb

Deathsc

2000–2008 75h … >90 >90 53h >90 … 56h >90 … … >90 >90 >90 85h 31h 65h,k 67h … 35h >90 >90 81h 32h 30h >90 >90 … … >90 >90 … … 93h >90 >90 >90 >90 >90 >90 >90 >90 82h … >90 >90 >90 >90 69h …

<25 <25 … 75–89 <25 90–100 … <25 90–100 90–100 … >75 75–89 … … <25 <25 <25 … <25 90–100 90–100 50–74 <25 <25 >75 90–100 50–74 <25 … 90–100 … 75–89 50–74 90–100 90–100 90–100 75–89 90–100 90–100 90–100 90–100 <25 >75 90–100 90–100 … >75 … 25–49

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 MDG 5 Adolescent fertility rated

Adult literacy ratee (%)

(per 1000 girls 15–19 years)

1990 6.3 7.0 3.7 6.1 6.4 2.0 5.7i 5.9 2.2 3.4 5.0 1.1i 4.2 1.9 4.0 6.2 3.4 5.2 … 5.2 1.6 2.1 4.8 7.9 6.6 … 1.9 6.6 6.1 2.8i 3.0 4.8 4.5 3.8 4.3 2.0 1.5 4.4 1.6 2.4 1.9 1.9 6.8 2.6i 3.4 3.0 4.8 … 5.4 5.8

2000 5.6 6.2 3.0 2.8 5.8 1.6 4.4i 5.1 2.0 2.5 4.3 1.2i 2.2 1.8 2.7 5.7 2.5 4.0 3.7i 4.0 1.7 1.9 3.3 7.5 5.9 … 1.8 4.4 4.7 2.0i 2.7 4.5 3.7 2.9 3.5 1.3 1.4 3.1 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.2 5.9 2.2i 2.3 2.4 4.5 1.3i 4.6 4.2

2008 4.7 5.5 2.6 2.0 5.5 1.3 3.7i 4.5 1.8 2.2 3.6 1.5i 2.0 1.6 2.4 5.1 2.3 3.4 2.9i 2.9 1.7 2.0 2.7 7.1 5.3 … 1.9 3.0 4.0 1.9i 2.5 4.1 3.0 2.6 3.1 1.3 1.4 2.4 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.4 5.4 1.8i 2.0 2.1 4.0 1.5i 3.8 3.1

2000–2007 154 178 13j 8 190 17j 88j 88 35j 82j 51j … 19j 16 18m 185m … 74 69 106 4j 29j 109 199 126 28 9j 11 20 31 85 70 65 59 55 13 17j 16j 2j 25j 35j 28j 40 74 49 57j 29 1j 91 7n

Male 1990– 1999 … 64 83 96 19 88 … … 51 88 … … … … 42 39 … 76 … 33 … … … … 55 … … … 43 … 89 … 90 87 94 99 88 83 … … 97 … 58 … … … 98 … 73 71

2000– 2007 71 72 92 97 26 92 … 56 87 93 … … 97 … 56 44 90 88 … 57 … … 78 29 72 … … 84 54 … 93 58 95 90 93 99 95 93 … 99 98 100 65 … … … 99 … 88 85

Gross national income per capitaf (PPP int. $)

MDG 2 Net primary school enrolment ratee (%)

1990– 1999

Female 2000– 2009

66 99 99 98 52 94 … 62 90 97 … … 92 … 76 58 … 85 … 73 100 99 76 30 66 99 100 81 … … 96 … 96 98 90 96 … 90 98 … 96 … … … 94 … 92 … 86 …

163

98 88 98 97 86 92 67 77 93 98 … … 89 … 92 82 … 87 72 79 99 99 92 55 64 … 98 67 72 … 99 … 92 97 89 95 99 95 100 84 94 … 95 86 92 98 91 … 98 85

1990– 1999 66 97 97 97 37 96 … 62 91 97 … … 94 … 65 46 … 91 … 57 99 99 77 21 54 98 100 81 … … 96 … 96 98 90 96 … 91 98 … 95 … … … 90 … 91 … 85 …

2000– 2009 99 93 97 95 71 91 66 82 94 98 … … 88 … 87 77 … 91 73 76 98 99 92 43 58 … 98 69 60 … 98 … 93 97 91 96 98 94 97 82 94 … 97 88 91 92 91 … 97 84

1990

2000

2008

720 440 4 590 … 540 10 450 … 1 210 4 110 5 990 … … 1 500 … 1 930 270 … 2 920 … 510 17 530 13 490 1 320 480 950 … 17 420 9 900 1 260 … 4 180 1 190 2 970 3 120 1 710 5 160 10 700 … 8 200 2 800 5 180 9 100 510 5 780 4 680 3 030 2 880 … … 14 670

790 610 8 350 2 680 750 17 830 … 1 430 7 490 8 950 2 790 … 1 790 6 320 2 570 420 … 4 040 … 800 30 000 19 430 1 780 500 1 130 … 35 600 14 440 1 690 … 6 830 1 630 3 370 4 750 2 430 10 410 16 650 … 17 050 1 320 5 610 7 430 580 9 440 6 720 5 060 2 870 … … 17 490

1 040 830 13 740 5 280 1 090 … … … 12 480 14 270 3 000 … 3 480 13 920 4 330 770 … 6 270 … 1 120 41 670 25 090 2 620 680 1 940 … 58 500 … 2 700 … 11 650 2 000 4 820 7 980 3 900 17 310 22 080 … 28 120 3 210 13 500 15 630 1 010 15 170 9 190 8 770 4 340 … 1 780 …

MDG 1 Population living on <$1g (PPP int. $) a dayg (%) 2000–2007 67.8 73.9 <2.0 … 51.4 … … 21.2 … <2.0 … … 22.4 … 2.5 74.7 … … … 55.1 … … 15.8 65.9 64.4 … … … 22.6 … 9.5 … 6.5 7.9 22.6 <2.0 … … … 8.1 <2.0 <2.0 76.6 … … … … … … …

Table 9

Total fertility ratea (per woman)

9. Demographic and socioeconomic statistics Populationa

Member State

Total (000s)

Median age

Aged under 15 (%)

Aged over 60 (%)

2008

Civil registration coverage (%)

Annual growth rate (%) 1988– 1998

1998– 2008

Birthsb

Living in urban areas (%)

1990

2000

2008

Deathsc

2000–2008

12 211 9 839 84 5 560 4 615 5 400 2 015 511 8 926 49 668 44 486 20 061 41 348 515 1 168 9 205 7 541 21 227 6 836 67 386 2 041

18 37 … 18 39 36 41 20 18 24 40 30 20 27 19 41 41 22 20 32 35

44 18 24 43 17 16 14 39 45 31 15 24 40 29 40 17 16 35 38 22 18

4 19 11 4 14 17 21 5 4 7 22 11 6 9 5 24 23 5 5 11 16

2.8 0.8 1.3 0.3 2.8 0.3 0.4 2.8 0.7 2.1 0.3 1.0 2.5 1.4 2.6 0.5 0.8 2.7 1.8 1.1 0.6

2.6 –0.4 0.6 3.2 1.9 0.0 0.2 2.6 2.5 1.3 1.1 0.8 2.2 1.3 1.2 0.4 0.6 3.0 1.3 0.9 0.2

39 50 49 33 100 56 50 14 30 52 75 17 27 68 23 83 73 49 32 29 58

41 51 51 36 100 56 51 16 33 57 76 16 36 72 23 84 73 52 26 31 63

42 52 54 38 100 56 48 18 37 61 77 15 43 75 25 85 73 54 26 33 67

55h >90 >90 48h >90 >90 >90 … 3h 78h,k >90 >90 33h >90 30h >90 >90 … 88h 99h >90

<25 … >75 <25 75–89 90–100 90–100 … <25 75–89 90–100 50–74 <25 75–89 <25 90–100 90–100 90–100 50–74 50–74 90–100

1 098 6 459 104 1 333 10 169 73 914 5 044 10 31 657 45 992 4 485 61 231 42 484 311 666 3 349 27 191 234 28 121 87 096 22 917 12 620 12 463

17 19 21 30 28 28 24 … 15 39 31 39 17 36 33 24 20 26 27 17 17 19

45 40 37 21 24 27 30 33 49 14 19 18 45 20 23 30 39 30 27 44 46 40

5 5 8 10 9 9 6 8 4 21 2 22 5 18 18 6 5 8 9 4 5 6

1.5 2.8 0.5 0.6 1.6 1.7 2.3 0.7 3.3 –0.3 5.5 0.3 3.1 1.2 0.7 2.1 2.5 2.2 1.8 4.1 2.9 2.2

2.9 2.7 0.6 0.4 0.9 1.4 1.4 0.5 3.2 –0.8 4.4 0.5 2.7 1.0 0.2 1.2 2.5 1.8 1.3 2.9 2.4 0.2

21 30 23 9 58 59 45 41 11 67 79 89 19 75 89 40 19 84 20 21 39 29

24 37 23 11 63 65 46 46 12 67 78 89 22 79 91 37 22 90 24 26 35 34

27 42 25 13 67 69 49 49 13 68 78 90 25 82 92 37 25 93 28 31 35 37

53h,k 78h … 96h >90 84h 96h … 21h >90 … >90 8h >90 >90 100h … >90 >90 22h 10h 74h

<25 <25 … 90–100 25–49 50–74 … >75 <25 90–100 75–89 90–100 <25 90–100 90–100 75–89 … 90–100 <25 <25 <25 25–49

164

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 MDG 5 Adolescent fertility rated

Adult literacy ratee (%)

(per 1000 girls 15–19 years)

1990

2000

2008

2000–2007

Male 1990– 1999

2000– 2007

Gross national income per capitaf (PPP int. $)

MDG 2 Net primary school enrolment ratee (%)

1990– 1999

Female 2000– 2009

1990– 1999

2000– 2009

1990

2000

2008

MDG 1 Population living on <$1g (PPP int. $) a dayg (%) 2000–2007

6.7 2.1 2.7i 5.5 1.8 2.0 1.5 5.9 6.6 3.7 1.3 2.5 6.0 2.7 5.7 2.0 1.5 5.5 5.2 2.1 2.1

5.6 1.7 2.2i 5.4 1.5 1.3 1.2 4.6 6.5 2.9 1.2 2.2 5.1 2.7 4.2 1.6 1.4 3.8 4.0 1.8 1.7

5.0 1.6 1.9i 5.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 3.9 6.4 2.5 1.4 2.3 4.2 2.4 3.5 1.9 1.5 3.2 3.4 1.8 1.4

100 24 54 146 6j 21j 5j … 123 54 12 28 … 63j 111 6j 4j 75 27 46 19

… … 88 … 89 … 100 … … 82 96 … … … … … … … … … 94

42 … 92 38 94 … 100 … … 88 98 91 61 90 84 … … 83 100 94 97

59 … … … … … 96 … … 91 100 … … … 69 … 95 95 … … 94

72 95 99 … … 91 96 62 … 87 100 100 43 91 82 94 94 97 99 … 86

51 … … … … … 95 … … 93 99 … … … 71 … 96 88 … … 92

74 95 100 … … 92 95 61 … 88 100 100 36 90 84 94 93 92 95 … 87

… … 9 460 430 17 690 7 730 … … … 5 440 13 240 1 450 650 3 780 2 660 19 120 25 440 2 070 2 210 2 690 5 500

… 6 000 15 310 350 32 880 10 800 17 460 … … 6 470 21 120 2 660 1 070 4 400 3 650 27 500 34 020 3 150 800 4 610 5 830

1 760 11 150 19 770 750 47 940 21 300 26 910 2 580 … 9 780 31 130 4 460 1 930 7 130 5 010 38 180 46 460 4 350 1 860 5 990 9 950

33.5 … … 53.4 … … <2.0 … … 26.2 … 14.0 … … 62.9 … … … 21.5 <2.0 <2.0

5.3 6.3 4.6 2.4 3.6 3.1 4.3 3.8i 7.1 1.9 4.4 1.8 6.2 2.0 2.5 4.2 4.9 3.4 3.7 8.1 6.5 5.2

7.1 5.1 4.2 1.6 2.1 2.4 2.8 3.6i 6.8 1.1 2.7 1.7 5.7 2.0 2.2 2.8 4.5 2.8 2.3 6.3 6.2 3.9

6.5 4.3 4.0 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.5 3.2i 6.3 1.3 1.9 1.8 5.6 2.1 2.1 2.3 4.0 2.5 2.1 5.2 5.8 3.4

59 … 16 35 6j 51 20 22j 159 30 23 26 139 41j 63 26 … 91 35 80 146 101

… … 99 97 … 79 99 … 56 … … … … … 97 … 66 90 90 37 68 84

… 53 99 99 78 89 100 … 74 100 90 … 72 … 98 97 78 95 … 59 71 91

… 93 90 89 96 … … … … … 79 100 48 94 … … 92 85 … 70 71 83

77 89 97 94 97 95 … … 94 89 92 97 100 91 97 91 87 90 96 79 95 89

… 73 86 89 94 … … … … … 78 100 50 94 … … 91 86 … 41 68 83

74 78 96 93 98 92 … … 97 89 91 98 99 92 98 89 86 90 91 66 96 91

… 600 1 980 6 770 2 810 4 210 2 710 … 400 5 950 40 090 15 860 590 22 940 5 090 … 2 520 6 800 610 1 270 820 …

790 690 2 960 10 670 4 590 8 720 1 930 … 680 3 170 41 500 25 590 750 35 190 8 170 1 420 2 930 8 360 1 390 1 710 840 …

4 690 820 3 880 23 950 7 070 13 770 6 210 … 1 140 7 210 … 36 130 1 230 46 970 12 540 2 660 3 940 12 830 2 700 2 210 1 230 …

52.9 38.7 … … 2.6 2.7 … … 51.5 <2.0 … … 88.5 … <2.0 46.3 … 3.5 21.5 17.5 64.3 …

165

Table 9

Total fertility ratea (per woman)

9. Demographic and socioeconomic statistics Populationa

Member State Total (000s)

Median age

Aged under 15 (%)

Aged over 60 (%)

2008

Civil registration coverage (%)

Annual growth rate (%) 1988– 1998

1998– 2008

Birthsb

Living in urban areas (%)

1990

2000

2008

Deathsc

2000–2008

RANGES OF COUNTRY VALUES Minimum Median Maximum

2 6 836 1 344 920

15 25 44

13 30 50

2 8 29

–2.2 1.6 5.5

–2.7 1.3 8.1

5 49 100

8 53 100

10 57 100

3 >90 100

… … …

804 865 915 430 1 760 486 889 170 580 208 1 787 321

19 31 25 37 22 33

42 25 31 18 35 21

5 13 8 19 6 12

2.7 1.5 1.8 0.3 2.5 1.2

2.5 1.2 1.5 0.2 2.1 0.8

29 72 26 68 44 34

34 77 29 69 47 41

37 80 32 70 49 47

… … … … … …

Low income Lower middle income Upper middle income High income

975 322 3 770 921 954 057 1 037 180

21 27 30 39

38 28 25 18

6 9 11 21

2.5 1.6 1.2 0.7

2.1 1.3 0.8 0.7

23 31 68 73

26 37 72 76

29 41 75 77

… … … …

GLOBAL

6 737 480

1.5

1.3

…

WHO REGION African Region Region of the Americas South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Western Paciﬁc Region

INCOME GROUP

166

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010 MDG 5 Adolescent fertility rated

Adult literacy ratee (%)

(per 1000 girls 15–19 years)

Male 2000– 2007

Gross national income per capitaf (PPP int. $)

MDG 2 Net primary school enrolment ratee (%)

1990– 1999

Female 2000– 2009

1990

2000

2008

2000–2007

1990– 1999

1.1 3.7 8.1

1.1 2.7 7.7

1.2 2.4 7.1

1 43 199

12 80 100

26 89 100

30 92 100

43 92 100

21 90 100

6.2 2.7 3.8 1.9 5.5 2.4

5.4 2.4 3.0 1.6 4.0 1.9

4.9 2.2 2.6 1.6 3.4 1.8

118 61 55 23 35 11

51 … 52 … 53 79

63 91 71 98 66 93

61 94 … 98 … …

80 93 91 96 82 …

54 94 … 98 79 …

5.4 3.4 2.8 1.8

4.5 2.7 2.2 1.7

4.0 2.5 2.0 1.7

110 35 51 21

51 66 89 …

60 81 93 …

56 … 94 96

85 87 94 94

48 … 94 96

80 83 93 94

594 1 208 5 796 18 302

835 2 173 7 347 27 417

1 372 4 363 12 337 37 750

47.6 26.1 4.4 …

3.3

2.7

2.5

…

4 862

6 940

10 290

25.6

167

1990– 1999

2000– 2009

MDG 1 Population living on <$1g (PPP int. $) a dayg (%)

1990

2000

2008

2000–2007

0 91 100

270 3 000 40 090

210 4 460 46 690

290 6 290 64 320

<2.0 19.6 88.5

76 93 89 95 70 …

1 319 11 833 994 11 546 2 981 2 824

1 506 17 520 1 670 15 193 4 313 4 918

2 279 24 005 3 043 22 849 3 805 8 958

52.8 6.5 40.5 4.2 11.8 16.7

Table 9

Total fertility ratea (per woman)

Footnotes These summary tables represent the best estimates of WHO – based on evidence available in 2009 – rather than the official estimates of Member States. These estimates have been computed using standard categories and methods to enhance cross-national comparability. Therefore, they are not always the same as official national estimates, nor necessarily endorsed by specific Member States. For indicators with a reference period expressed as a range, figures refer to the latest available year in the range; except in Table 8. Health inequities, where the figures refer to the period specified. For more information on specific years, indicator definitions and metadata, please refer to www.who.int/whosis. ... Data not available or not applicable. The global, regional and income aggregates for rates and ratios are weighted averages when relevant, while for absolute numbers they are the sums. Aggregates are calculated only if data are available for 50% of the population within the group. Income-group aggregates are calculated using the 2009 World Bank list of economies1 unless otherwise noted.

Table 1 a

Life tables for WHO Member States. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2010 (http://www.who.int/whosis/database/ life_tables/life_tables.cfm).

Healthy life expectancy (HALE) estimates use methods described in the statistical annex to The world health report 2004 – Changing history. Estimates for 2007 have been revised to take into account the Global Burden of Disease estimates for Member States for the year 2004 and may not be entirely comparable with those for 2002 published in World Health Statistics 2007. Income-group aggregates are based on the 2008 World Bank list of economies.

Mortality data. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2010 (www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/mortality/en/).

Table 2

Mortality and burden of disease

Cause-speciﬁc mortality and morbidity

Sources: Towards reaching health-related Millennium Development Goals: Progress report and way forward. Report of the regional director. Brazzaville, WHO Regional Office for Africa, 2009. See Annex 3; PAHO basic indicators 2009. Washington, DC, Pan American Health Organization, 2009 (www.paho.org/English/SHA/coredata/tabulator/ newTabulator.htm); European health for all database (HFA-DB). Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2009 (http://data.euro.who.int/hfadb); Country health information profiles (CHIPS). Manila, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2009 (www.wpro.who.int/countries/countries.htm); Core health indicators and MDGs. New Delhi, WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia, 2008 (http://203.90.70.117/esidas/CoreHealthData.asp). Additional data compiled by the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean.

Maternal mortality in 2005: estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and the World Bank. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007 (www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/maternal_mortality_2005/mme_2005.pdf ). Incomegroup aggregates are based on the 2005 World Bank list of economies.

Based on the 2008 report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva, UNAIDS and World Health Organization, 2008. See Annex: HIV and AIDS estimates and data, 2007 and 2001 (http://data.unaids.org/pub/GlobalReport/2008/jc1510_2008_ global_report_pp211_234_en.pdf ). Ranges of estimates are available from this document. WHO regional and global figures are updates for the year 2008. Income-group aggregates are based on the 2008 World Bank list of economies.

World malaria report 2008. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2008 (www.who.int/malaria/wmr2008). See Annex 1: Estimating the numbers of malaria cases and deaths by country in 2006.

These are classified as deaths from tuberculosis (A15–A19, B90) according to the International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, tenth revision. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1992. Global tuberculosis control: A short update to the 2009 report. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (WHO/HTM/TB/2009.426) (www.who.int/tb/ publications/global_report). WHO region, income group and global aggregates include territories.

World Bank list of economies (July 2009). Washington, DC, World Bank, July 2009: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/CLASS.XLS

168

Mortality and burden of disease estimates for WHO Member States in 2004. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (www.who.int/entity/healthinfo/statistics/bodgbddeathdalyestimates.xls). Communicable diseases include maternal causes, conditions arising during the perinatal period and nutritional deficiencies. Income-group aggregates are based on the 2004 World Bank list of economies.

Rates are age-standardized to WHO’s world standard population. Ahmad OB et al. Age standardization of rates: a new WHO standard. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2001 (GPE Discussion Paper Series No. 31) (www.who.int/ healthinfo/paper31.pdf ).

Individual percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding.

Mortality data. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2010 (www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/mortality/en/).

Data are for all forms of tuberculosis including tuberculosis in people with HIV infection. Global tuberculosis control: A short update to the 2009 report. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (WHO/HTM/TB/2009.426) (www.who.int/tb/ publications/global_report). WHO region, income group and global aggregates include territories.

The number of deaths is estimated at less than 0.05 per 100 000 population.

The Ministry of Health and Social Services Seychelles reported 1 maternal death in 2008.

Table 3

Selected infectious diseases

Cholera: global surveillance summary, 2008. Weekly Epidemiological Record, No. 31, 2009, 84:309–324 (www.who.int/ wer).

WHO/UNICEF estimates of disease incidence. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (www.who.int/immunization_ monitoring/data/en/).

Cumulative number of confirmed human cases of avian influenza A/(H5N1) reported to WHO. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/country/cases_table_2009_12_30/en/index.html). All dates refer to onset of illness. WHO reports only laboratory-confirmed cases.

Global leprosy situation, 2009. Weekly Epidemiological Record, No. 33, 2009, 84:333–340 (www.who.int/wer).

World malaria report 2009. Annex 3.A: Reported malaria cases, 1990–2008. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (www.who.int/malaria/world_malaria_report_2009/en/index.html).

Suspected meningitis cases reported to WHO Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response (EPR) in African countries under enhanced surveillance up to 29 November 2009.

Human plague: review of regional morbidity and mortality, 2004–2009. Weekly Epidemiological Record, No. 6, 2010, 85:37–48 (www.who.int/wer).

Data from World Health Organization, Polio Eradication Initiative, as of 12 January 2010. Updated information can be found at: www.who.int/immunization_monitoring/en/diseases/poliomyelitis/case_count.cfm Confirmed polio cases refer to any circulating polioviruses (wild poliovirus and circulating Vaccine Derived Poliovirus – cVDPV). Figures include 2 cVDPVs in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and India; 1 cVDPV in Ethiopia and Guinea; and 148 cVDPVs in Nigeria. Afghanistan, India, Nigeria and Pakistan are currently endemic countries. For non-endemic countries, cases are the result of importation.

Number of new smear-positive cases notified to WHO. Global tuberculosis control: A short update to the 2009 report. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (WHO/HTM/TB/2009.426) (www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report). WHO regional, income group and global figures exclude territories and may differ from those in the publication.

Number of cases reported up to 05 July 2009.

Number of cases reported up to 05 October 2009.

Number of cases reported up to 26 July 2009.

Number of cases reported up to 09 November 2009.

Data represent only 15 northern states of Sudan.

169

Footnotes

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Footnotes Table 4

Health service coverage

UNICEF global database on maternal health. New York, UNICEF, 2010 (www.childinfo.org/antenatal_care_country.php – January 2010 update).

WHO global database on maternal health indicators, 2009 update. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (www.who. int/reproductive-health/global_monitoring/index.html). In order to enhance comparability over time, the reported figures are derived, to the extent possible, from broadly comparable data sources. Therefore, reported figures may not refer to the most recently available data. Refer to the source for more complete information on time trends and metadata.

Proportion of neonates protected at birth against neonatal tetanus through maternal immunization with tetanus toxoid, based on a mathematical model taking into account the mother’s immunization in infancy, during pregnancy and in tetanus campaigns. The model is described in: Griffiths UK et al. Incremental cost-effectiveness of supplementary immunization activities to prevent neonatal tetanus in Pakistan. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2004, 82:643– 651. WHO/UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (www.who. int/immunization_monitoring/routine/immunization_coverage/en/index4.html).

Measles = measles-containing vaccine (MCV); DTP3 = 3 doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine; HepB3 = 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine; Hib3 = 3 doses of Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine. WHO/UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (www.who.int/immunization_monitoring/routine/ immunization_coverage/en/index4.html). Estimates based on data available up to December 2009. For countries recommending the first dose of measles vaccine in children older than 12 months of age, the indicator is calculated as the proportion of children less than 24 months of age receiving one dose of measles-containing vaccine. Complete coverage estimates are available online.

Data compiled by WHO from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) January 2010 (www.measuredhs.com; and www.unicef.org/statistics/index_24302.html).

World malaria report 2009. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (www.who.int/malaria/world_malaria_report_2009/en/ index.html). See Annex 6.

World contraceptive use 2009. New York, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nation Secretariat, 2009 (POP/DB/CP/Rev2009).

PMTCT = prevention of mother-to-child transmission. Point estimates are published only for countries with a generalized epidemic. Regional and level-of-income aggregates are based on data for all low-income and middle-income countries when available. Towards universal access: scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector: progress report, September 2009. Geneva, World Health Organization, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, United Nations Children’s Fund, 2009. See Annexes 3 and 4.

Towards universal access: scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector: progress report, 2008. Geneva, World Health Organization, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, United Nations Children’s Fund, 2008. WHO regional and global figures are updates for the year 2008. Income-group aggregates are based on the World Bank 2008 list of economies.

The case-detection rate is the number of new smear-positive cases reported to WHO divided by the estimated number of new smear-positive cases. Global tuberculosis control: a short update to the 2009 report. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (WHO/HTM/TB/2009.426) (www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report). WHO region, income group and global aggregates include territories.

The treatment-success rate is the percentage of new smear-positive patients registered for treatment who were cured (with laboratory confirmation) or who completed their course of treatment. Global tuberculosis control: a short update to the 2009 report. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (WHO/HTM/TB/2009.426) (www.who.int/tb/publications/global_ report). WHO region, income group and global aggregates include territories.

Composition of methods might be slightly different based on country context.

Includes <5% of deliveries by cadres of health workers other than doctors, nurses and midwives.

Data pertain to sexually active women of reproductive age.

Institutional births.

Includes deliveries by cadres of health workers other than doctors, nurses and midwives – range not available.

Includes >15% of deliveries by cadres of health workers other than doctors, nurses and midwives. 170

Includes 5–15% of deliveries by cadres of health workers other than doctors, nurses and midwives.

Data pertain to men and women of reproductive age.

5 or more visits.

Estimate.

Adjusted.

3 or more visits.

Data pertain to nationals of the country.

Excluding the Northern Province.

Based on the Sudan Household Health Survey in Northern Sudan only.

6 or more visits.

Excluding Northern Ireland.

Data pertain to men and women of reproductive age who are married or in union.

Table 5

Risk factors

WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation. Geneva, World Health Organization and UNICEF, 2010 (www.wssinfo.org/en/welcome.html).

WHO household energy database. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2010 (www.who.int/indoorair/database). These estimates use methods developed and implemented by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation. Where solid fuel use information is available for two or more separate years (spaced at least five years apart) linear regression is performed. The linear regression line is extrapolated up to two years after the latest survey point and up to two years before the earliest survey point. Outside these time limits, the extrapolated regression line is flat for four years in either direction. Where coverage reaches 0% or 100%, a horizontal line is drawn from the year before coverage reaches 0% or 100%. For countries with solid fuel use at less than <5%, 0% is assumed for the calculation of regional or global aggregates; for countries with >95%, 95% is assumed in the calculation of the aggregate.

UNICEF global database on low birthweight. New York, UNICEF, 2009 (www.childinfo.org/low_birthweight_table.php – November 2009 update).

WHO global data bank on infant and young child feeding. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (www.who.int/ nutrition/databases/infantfeeding/en/index.html).

Global database on child growth and malnutrition. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/ database/en). Prevalence estimates are based on WHO standards.

Comparisons between countries may be limited owing to differences in sample characteristics or survey years. Source: Global database on body mass index (BMI). Geneva, World Health Organization, 2010 (www.who.int/bmi).

Global information system on alcohol and health. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2010 (www.who.int/globalatlas/ DataQuery/default.asp).

Based on WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2009: Implementing smoke-free environments. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009. See Appendix VII, Age-standardized prevalence estimates for WHO Member States, 2006. Definition: smoking at the time of the survey of any form of tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes, bidis, etc. and excluding smokeless tobacco. These figures represent age-standardized prevalence rates for smoking tobacco and should only be used to draw comparisons of prevalence between countries and between men and women within a country. They should not be used to calculate the number of smokers in a country, region, income group or globally.

WHO/CDC global youth tobacco survey (GYTS). Geneva, World Health Organization, 2010 (www.cdc.gov/tobacco/global/ GYTS/results.htm). Data relate to tobacco use in any form in the past 30 days.

Percentage of women and men aged 15–49 years who had more than one sexual partner in the past 12 months reporting the use of a condom during their last sexual intercourse. Data is from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and excludes country-reported data. 2008 report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization, 2008. See Annex 2: Country Progress Indicators. 171

Footnotes

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Footnotes k

Percentage of young men and women (aged 15–24 years) who both correctly identified ways of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV and who reject major misconceptions about HIV transmission. The data are derived from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and exclude country-reported data. 2008 report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization, 2008. See Annex 2: Country Progress Indicators.

Solid fuel use information is available for a single year; thus a horizontal line is drawn six years into the past and six years into the future.

City surveys were extrapolated into country figures reported here.

For those upper-middle or high-income countries with a GDP of more than US$ 10 500 per capita in any given year, solid fuel use is assumed to be less than 5% (Rehfuess, Mehta & Prüss-Üstün 2006).

Estimate includes significant tourist consumption.

Lower limit is greater than 15.

Upper limit is 49.

Upper limit is greater than or equal to 65.

Self-reported data.

Solid fuel use information is available for two or more separate years spaced four or fewer years apart; thus an average is calculated. This average is extrapolated six years into the past and six years into the future.

Data not approved by national authorities.

Upper limit is between 54 and 65.

A horizontal line at 95% coverage or above, or at 5% coverage or below, can be extrapolated without limitations up to the years 1990 and 2015 respectively.

Upper limit is 44.

Table 6

Health workforce, infrastructure and essential medicines

Source: WHO global atlas of the health workforce. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (www.who.int/globalatlas/ autologin/hrh_login.asp). Please see this source for the latest updates, time-trend statistics and disaggregated data, as well as metadata descriptors. In general, the denominator data for health workforce density (i.e. national population estimates) were obtained from the World population prospects database of the United Nations Population Division (see Table 9 footnotes below). In some cases, official reports provided only workforce density indicators, from which estimates of the absolute numbers were calculated. Depending on the organization of national health systems and means of monitoring, data may not be exactly comparable across countries. Data from the years prior to 2000 were excluded from this edition.

Sources: PAHO basic indicators 2009. Washington, DC, Pan American Health Organization, 2009 (www.paho.org/ English/SHA/coredata/tabulator/newTabulator.htm); European health for all database (HFA-DB). Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2009 (http://data.euro.who.int/hfadb). Country health information profiles (CHIPS). Manila, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2009 (www.wpro.who.int/countries/countries.htm). Core health indicators and MDGs. New Delhi, WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia, 2008 (http://203.90.70.117/esidas/CoreHealthData. asp). Additional data compiled by the WHO Regional Office for Africa and WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean.

Source: Surveys of medicine prices and availability using WHO/HAI standard methodology conducted between 2001 and 2008 (www.haiweb.org/medicineprices/). In individual surveys, availability is reported as the percentage of medicine outlets in which a medicine was found on the day of data collection. As baskets of medicines differ by individual country, results are not exactly comparable across countries. Median availability is determined for the specific list of medicines in each survey, and does not account for alternate dosage forms or strengths of these products or therapeutic alternatives. Public-sector data may be limited by the fact that the list of survey medicines may not correspond to national essential medicines lists (EMLs) where these exist, and some public-sector facilities may not be expected to stock all of the survey medicines. This has been addressed in the revised edition of the survey tool, which allows public-sector data to be analysed by EML status and level of care.

Consumer price ratio = ratio of median local unit price to the Management Sciences for Health (MSH) international reference price of selected generic medicines. Source: Surveys of medicine prices and availability using WHO/HAI standard 172

methodology conducted between 2001 and 2008 (www.haiweb.org/medicineprices/). Data are unadjusted for differences in the MSH reference price year used, exchange rate fluctuations, national inflation rates, variations in purchasing power parities, levels of development or other factors. In each survey, median consumer price ratios are obtained for the basket of medicines surveyed and found in at least four medicine outlets. As baskets of medicines differ by individual country, results are not exactly comparable across countries. However, data on specific medicines is publicly available on the HAI web site above, and matched basket comparisons on a subset of medicines can be made. e

Hospital beds include inpatient and maternity beds, but not cots and delivery beds.

Did not survey public-sector medicine outlets.

Availability data were excluded as they were assessed using different methods to those used in the current WHO/HAI methodology.

Refers to the public sector only.

Simple average of two surveys of medicine prices and availability in Shandong and Shanghai provinces, China.

Restricted to reimbursed medicines available through public-sector outlets.

Medicines are provided free to patients in the public sector.

Simple average of seven surveys of medicine prices and availability in India (Chennai, Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra (12 districts); Maharashtra (4 regions); Rajasthan; and West Bengal).

Refers to tertiary public-hospital beds only.

Based on a survey of medicine prices and availability in Gauteng province, South Africa.

Simple average of four surveys of medicine prices and availability in Sudan (Gadarif; Khartoum; North Kordofan; and Northern states).

Table 7

Health expenditure

Source: WHO National Health Accounts (NHA) Country health expenditure database. Geneva, World Health Organization, February 2010 (www.who.int/nha/country/). The regional, income and global figures are calculated using Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) terms. When the number is smaller than 0.05% the percentage may appear as zero. For per capita expenditure indicators, this is represented as <1. In countries where the fiscal year begins in July, expenditure data have been allocated to the later calendar year (for example, 2008 data will cover the fiscal year 2007–08). Absolute values of expenditures are expressed in nominal terms (current prices). National currency unit per US$ are calculated using the average exchange rates for the year. For 2008, the use of yearly average exchange rates (compared to year-end exchange rates) may not fully represent the impact of the global financial crisis. GDP = gross domestic product.

In some cases the sum of general government and private expenditures on health may not add up to 100% because of rounding.

A new PPP series resulting from the 2005 International Comparison Project (ICP) estimated by the World Bank has been used since World health statistics 2008. In countries where this is not available, PPPs are estimated by WHO.

A new basis for these estimates was provided by new NHA reports, surveys, National Accounts series, accessed information and/or country consultations.

Non-profit institutions (such as nongovernmental organizations) serving households are accounted for in “external assistance” and recorded under government expenditure.

GDP includes both licit and illicit GDPs (for example, opium). Government expenditures include external assistance (external budget).

Estimates should be viewed with caution as these are derived from scarce data.

About 30% of the expenditure in residential facilities for care of the aged has a health purpose, but this is difficult to estimate routinely and so is not included under health at present. Such health-purpose expenditure was about US$ 2.1 billion in 2005–06 or 0.2% of GDP. The data for 2007 correspond to the fiscal year 2007–08 starting on 01 July 2007. All 2008 entries are estimates made by WHO unless otherwise specified.

Adjustments for currency change (from old to new manat) were made for the entire Azerbaijan series starting from World health statistics 2008. 173

Footnotes

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Footnotes j

Fiscal year starts in July and expenditure data have been allocated to the later calendar year (i.e. 2007 data cover the fiscal year 2006–07).

Funds previously included in social security were reclassified.

A recent census in the country has shown differences in population data. However, the per capita levels used here are estimated based on United Nations Population Division data.

Increases in government expenditure on health are due to investment in capital expenditures.

As a result of recent health-care reforms in Georgia, public compulsory insurance has since 2008 been implemented by private insurance companies. The voucher cost of this insurance is treated as general government health expenditure.

Government expenditures show fluctuations due to variations in capital investment. Private-sector fluctuations are due to the large share of nongovernmental organizations, which are linked to external funding.

Exchange rate changed in 2002 from multiple to a managed floating exchange rate. Inter-bank market rate used prior to 2002.

The estimates do not include expenditures for Northern Iraq.

The public expenditure on health includes contributions from the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) made to refugees from West Bank and Gaza Strip residing in Jordanian territories.

Government expenditures in 2002 show a large increase due to capital investment.

Revision of the General Government Expenditure series can explain changes in public expenditure ratios.

After the declaration of independence on 03 June 2006, Serbia and Montenegro are now separate states. Health expenditures for the previous years have been estimated separately for each of the two countries.

The market exchange rate is used to estimate the per capita figures.

Total level of government expenditure on health increased due to the inclusion of local government expenditure, as well as a more-comprehensive estimation of regional expenditure on health.

The health expenditure data as well as the population data after 2000 do not include Transdniestria. Data on GDP and private final consumption expenditure exclude Transdniestria from 1995.

The estimates do not include the expenditures of the provinces of Kosovo and Metohia, which are under the administration of the United Nations.

The exchange rate used for the Syrian Arab Republic is the rate for non-commercial transactions from the Central Bank of Syria.

GDP does not include the income from petroleum.

The country became independent in 2002. However, NHA estimates have been produced for previous years based on the available macro data.

Until 2007 the fiscal year ended in June. There was then a transition period in the second quarter of 2007 to make the fiscal year equal to the calendar year. Expenditure data have been allocated exceptionally to the previous calendar year (i.e. 2005 data cover the fiscal year 2005–06).

On 01 January 2009 Turkmenistan introduced the new manat ISO code TMT. The exchange rate between the old and the new currency is 1 TMT = 5000 TMM. The entire health expenditure series has been adjusted.

Table 8 a

Health inequities

Sources: Unless otherwise stated, data are derived from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted since 2000. The DHS figures were extracted using STATcompiler software (www.measuredhs.com/ – accessed 08 January 2010). When not available using STATcompiler software, figures were extracted directly from DHS reports. For some countries and some of the indicators there were differences in the figures extracted from the country reports and STATcompiler. In these cases, following discussions with staff from the MEASURE DHS implementation group (ICF Macro), data from the country reports were used. Further information regarding the source of individual country data can be obtained on request from WHO. Figures in the “difference” columns may be affected by rounding.

174

Data derived from DHS relate to births occurring in the five years preceding the survey, unless otherwise stated. Data derived from MICS relate to births occurring in the two years preceding the survey.

The data refer to coverage of measles or MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine at 12, 15, 18, 24 or 30 months depending on the country.

For all countries where the source is DHS, the under-five mortality rate relates to the decade preceding the survey, except for Turkey where it relates to the five-year period preceding the survey.

Lowest educational level achieved by mother is “no education”; highest level is “secondary or higher”.

Data are derived from MICS (round 3). All MICS figures were extracted from country reports available on the UNICEF web site (www.childinfo.org/ – accessed 13 February 2009; updated 08 January 2010).

The figures in parentheses are based on small numbers of cases (25–49 unweighted cases).

The figures were extracted directly from DHS reports as they were not available through STATcompiler software (www. measuredhs.com/ – accessed 08 January 2010).

Data for “births attended by skilled health personnel” relate to births occurring in the three years preceding the survey.

Table 9

Demographic and socioeconomic statistics

World population prospects: the 2008 revision. New York, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat, 2009.

United Nations demographic yearbook 2007. New York, United Nations Statistics Division, 2009 (http://unstats.un.org/ unsd/Demographic/Products/dyb/dyb2007.htm).

WHO mortality database: tables. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009 (www.who.int/healthinfo/morttables).

World fertility data 2008. New York, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations Secretariat, 2009 (POP/DB/Fert/Rev.2008).

UNESCO Institute for Statistics data centre. Montreal, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2007 (http://stats.uis.unesco.org – accessed 18 December 2009).

PPP int. $ = Purchasing Power Parity at international dollar rate. World development indicators database, 2009. Washington, DC, World Bank, 2009 (www.worldbank.org/data).

World development indicators database, 2009. Washington, DC, World Bank, 2009 (www.worldbank.org/data). These figures reflect the World Bank default poverty line.

The standard definition includes the percentage of children less than 5 years of age who were registered at the moment of the survey. The numerator of this indicator includes children whose birth certificate was seen by the interviewer, or whose mother or carer says the birth has been registered. The state of the world’s children 2009: Maternal and newborn health. New York, United Nations Children’s Fund, 2009.

International data base (IDB). Washington, DC, US Census Bureau, 2009 (www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb – accessed 12 January 2010).

The number of women by age were estimated by the United Nations Population Division and published in the World population prospects revision 2006.

Differs from the standard definition.

For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions of China.

Data pertain to nationals of the country.

Data pertain to Saudi women only.

175

Footnotes

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010

Footnotes WHO regions2 WHO African Region: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea*, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe. WHO Region of the Americas: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of ), Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of ). WHO South-East Asia Region: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Timor-Leste*. WHO European Region: Albania, Andorra*, Armenia*, Austria, Azerbaijan*, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina*, Bulgaria, Croatia*, Cyprus, Czech Republic*, Denmark, Estonia*, Finland, France, Georgia*, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan*, Kyrgyzstan*, Latvia*, Lithuania*, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro*, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova*, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia*, Slovakia*, Slovenia*, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan*, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia*, Turkey, Turkmenistan*, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan*. WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran (Islamic Republic of ), Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. WHO Western Pacific Region: Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Japan, Kiribati, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands*, Micronesia (Federated States of )*, Mongolia, Nauru*, New Zealand, Niue*, Palau*, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu*, Vanuatu, Viet Nam.

Income groups3 Low income: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Tajikistan, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Lower middle income: Albania, Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belize, Bhutan, Bolivia (Plurinational State of ), Cameroon, Cape Verde, China, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Georgia, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of ), Iraq, Jordan, Kiribati, Lesotho, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Micronesia (Federated States of ), Mongolia, Morocco, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Philippines, Republic of Moldova, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu**, Ukraine, Vanuatu.

Member States indicated with an * may have data for periods prior to their ofﬁcial membership of WHO.

World Bank list of economies (July 2009). Washington, DC, World Bank, July 2009: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/CLASS.XLS Member States marked with an ** have been classiﬁed into income groups using gross domestic product. 176

Upper middle income: Algeria, Argentina, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, Colombia, Cook Islands**, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Gabon, Grenada, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Montenegro, Namibia, Nauru**, Niue**, Palau, Panama, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Serbia, Seychelles, South Africa, Suriname, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of ). High income: Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belgium, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America.

177

Footnotes

WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS 2010