Garden of Gardens: An Interfaith Memorial Park in Milan

Politecnico di Milano Scuola di Architettura Urbanistica Ingegneria delle Costruzioni

Garden of Gardens An Interfaith Memorial Park in Milan

Supervisor: Andreas Otto Kipar Author: Erica Boncaldo 862448 A.A. 2018 2019

Abstract

The requirements regarding places related to death and burials are changing.

As a result of migratory phenomena European cities are increasingly assuming a multicultural character, different religious orientations coexist so that the definition of new spaces for ritual celebrations becomes necessary. At the same time and in an inverse way we are witnessing an increase of secularism in Western society along with the rise of new forms of spirituality. The combination of these two trends is testing the current organization of the cemetery, imposing essential adjustments aimed at obtaining proper spaces for funeral ceremonies of new religious minorities as well as for the celebration of laic farewell.

The goal of this work is to design an interfaith memorial park, not only by giving an answer to the new burial needs in terms of functionality, but rather translating these demands with awareness, proposing a new model of space that represents the integration of different cultural, spiritual and ritual identities.

From this perspective the cemetery can be considered as a cultural landscape, a burial park that supports diversity, where the theme of pluralism is interpreted as a “collection� of cultural and religious differences. Like in a picturesque garden in the new universal cemetery nature meets architecture, and different identities, places and landscapes are represented using artifice and metaphor, thus promoting an aesthetic of multiplicity and complexity instead of a neutral and uniform one.

Milan, with its cosmopolitan identity, is the ideal scenario to experience this new form of cemetery, confirming and expanding its role as a leading city of cultural integration.

The new interfaith cemetery could therefore represent an opportunity to realize this integration, becoming a symbol of coexistence between different religions and laic world, not only for the city of Milan and Italy, but all over the world.

Index

01 MANIFESTO

Meaning and goals of the project

02 FUNERAL RITUALS

Analysis of funeral rituals among different faiths

03 PLACES OF WORSHIP

Selection of case studies

04 UNITS

Composing dinstict space for each faith

05 UNITS RELATIONSHIP

Composing units together

06 PROTOTYPE

A new model of interfaith memorial park

07 MILANESE CONTEXT

Selection and analysis of the site

08 GARDEN OF GARDENS

An interfaith memorial park in Milan

01 MANIFESTO

Meaning and goals of the project

01 MANIFESTO

Meaning and goals of the project

Milan multicultural city Milan multicultural city

Foreign popula

Data taken from: “Rapp Osservatorio regionale s

1

Religion pluralism Milan foreign population divided by religion

2

Places of worship and communities of religious minorities 3

Orthodox Chr.

01

Foreign population numbers

1

Percentage of foreign population in the main Italian metropolitan cities

Milano

Firenze

14,2%

13%

Bologna

Venezia

11,7 %

Roma

12,8%

Torino

9,7%

9,9%

Forecast of the increase in foreign population in Milan in the coming years

450.000 400.000 350.000 300.000 250.000 200.000

20

35

30 20

25 20

20 20

20

15

10 20

05 20

20

00

100.000

Total number of foreign residents in Milan (metropolitan area)

459.109

(14,2%)

Distribuition of foreign citizen for major citizenship

Egypt

Philippines Peru

6,7%

12,2%

10,6%

Ecuador

Romania10,9% China

5,3%

Sri Lanka 4,7% Marocco 4,2% Data taken from: “Rapporto 2018 sull’immigrazione in Lombardia”, Osservatorio regionale sull’immigrazione e la multietnicità.

1

worship and communities religious minorities 3

What about spaces for the commemoration of the dead?

Albania

8,4%

4,8%

Others 32,7%

Protestantism

26.628

Atheism

Buddhism

Hinduism-Sikhism

Others

15.150

3.672

16.527

47.747

01 MANIFESTO

+ 7.000 italian Jews

Meaning and goals of the project

Data taken from: 2“Rapporto 2018 sull’immigrazione in Lombardia”, Osservatorio regionale sull’immigrazione e la multietnicità.

3 Comune di Milano website.

Data taken from: “Rapporto 2018 Osservatorio regionale sull’immigra

1

Religion pluralism

Religion pluralism

Milan foreign population divided by religion Milan cemeteries

Places of worship and c of religious mino

2

Milan foreign population divided by religion

Religion minorities inside cemeteries Places of Milan worship and communitiesBruzzano

2

of religious minorities

3

Orthodox Chr. Islam

Islam

Catholicism

151.046

125.336

Monumentale

125.336

Protestantism Protestantism Atheism

26.628

Buddhism

15.150

47.747

Atheism Others Hinduism-Sikhism

Lambrate

73.000

Catholicism

151.046 Orthodox Chr. 73.000

Wh the

26.628

Buddhism

Hinduism-Sikhism

Others

15.150

3.672

16.527 Maggiore

47.747 3.672 16.527

+ 7.000 italian Jews

Data taken from: 2“Rapporto 2018 sull’immigrazione in Lombardia”, Osservatorio regionale sull’immigrazione e la multietnicità.

3 Comune di Milano website.

2 Data taken from: “Rapporto 2018 sull’immigrazione in Lombardia”, Osservatorio regionale sull’immigrazione e la multietnicità.

3 Comune di Milano website.

+ 7.000 italian Jews

Milan cemeteries

Milan cemeteries

A new interfaith memorial park Religion minorities inside Milan cemeteries

Religion minorities inside Milan cemeteries What about What about places places for for the commemoration funeral cerimonies? of the dead?

Bruzzano

Opportunities

Need

Bruzzano

Lambrate Lambrate Creating

a multicultural public space Monumentale

Monumentale

Enhancing social cohesion

Universa experien

Maggiore

Promote diversity and multiplicity

Maggiore

WHA A new interfaith memorial park

al nce

Monumental

01 Maggiore

A new interfaith memorialNeed parkof proper space Need of proper spacefor the Need of proper space commemoration of the dead

A new interfaith memorial park

? ?

WHAT KIND OF PLACE WHAT KIND OF PLACE

Experienced

Universaldifferently experience

HUMAN COMPASSION

INTERFAITH MEMORIAL PARK

DEATH

Creating a multicultural public space

INTERFAITH MEMORIAL PARK

Experienced differently Mosaic of different identities

Universal space

HUMAN COMPASSION

Enhancing social cohesion

Promote diversity and multiplicity

Meaning of the project Meaning of the project DEATH

Opportunities

Universal space

PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE

PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE

Mosaic of different identities

02 FUNERAL RITUALS

Analysis of funeral rituals among different faiths

02 FUNERAL RITUALS

Analysis of funeral rituals among different faiths Placing into the coffin

Catholic Christianity

Mass for the dead “Requiem Mass” A Mass is offered for the repose of the soul of the deceased person.

Confession

Procession

Death Sacrament that brings the communion of the faithful with the body of Jesus Christ. Before death is performed for the last time.

Funeral wake

Dressing the body

(1 day before the funeral)

Eulogy

Last Eucharist “Viaticum”

Placing into the coffin

Orthodox Christianity

It’s the final ceremony of the funeral. A short prayer will be said by the minister.

Mass for the dead “Requiem Mass” A Mass is offered for the repose of the soul of the deceased person.

Confession

Rite of committal

Procession

Death Sacrament that brings the communion of the faithful with the body of Jesus Christ. Before death is performed for the last time.

Funeral wake

Dressing the body

(1 day before the funeral)

Eulogy

Last Eucharist

It’s the final ceremony of the funeral. A short prayer will be said by the minister.

“Viaticum”

Placing into the coffin

Protestant Christianity

Eulogy

Rite of committal

Procession

Dressing the body Death It’s the final ceremony of the funeral. A short prayer will be said by the minister.

Optionally, a mass is offered for the repose of the soul of the deceased. person.

Funeral wake (optional)

Mass for the dead “Requiem Mass”

Washing-Purification

Placing into

Rite of committal

02 Burial

Memorial mass A Mass could be offered in certain days, especially on the anniversary of death.

Body Disposal

Cremation

Burial

Mourning

Meal

Memorial mass A Mass could be offered in certain days, especially on the anniversary of death.

Body Disposal

Mourning

Meal

Burial

Memorial mass A Mass could be offered in certain days, especially on the anniversary of death.

Body Disposal

Cremation

Mourning

Unveiling of the tombstone

Funeral wake

ceremony of the funeral. A short prayer will be said by the minister.

is offered for the repose of the soul of the deceased. person.

(optional)

Rite of committal

Mass for the dead

02 FUNERAL RITUALS

“Requiem Mass”

Analysis of funeral rituals among different faiths Washing-Purification

Placing into the coffin

“Tahrah”

Judaism

Praying

Eulogy

Covering of the body

“Shema and Vidui”

Death Tearing the edge of clothes. This action symbolizes tearing the dead person from his family.

Watching over the body “Shmira”

The rending of garments

Shrouding

Funeral prayer

Washing-Purification

“Salat al-janaza” It is performed in congregation to seek pardon for the deceased and all dead Muslims.

“Ghusl”

Islam

“Keriah”

Face towards Qiblah (Mecca direction)

Burial

Death Covering of the body

Symbolically people pour three handfuls of soil into the grave .

Procession

Shrouding “Takfin”

Washing-Purification

Lying on the ground

Hinduism

“Ghusl”

The dying person is generally brought outside and laid on the ground, because earth is pure

Offering “Puja”

The body is honored offering flowers and incense.

Filling the grave

Burial

Death Pouring of water and butter

Dressing the body

Procession

Placing into

Placing the body on the pyre Paying last

Cremation

Mourning

Burial

Meal

02 Unveiling of the tombstone “Matzevah” In the day of the anniversary of death the family gathers at the cemetery to unveil the tombstone.

Body Disposal

Procession

Shoveling earth onto the coffin not passing the shovel, but leaving it on the ground so as not to pass the pain.

Mourning

Filling the grave

“Shiva”

Mourning

Body Disposal Praying

Pindas ceremony

Body Disposal

Cremation

Final Rite

Once the body has been burnt the son will crack the skull of the dead relative with a stick in order to release both the vital air and the soul.

Offering of robes

The day of scattering of the ashes 7 balls of rice (pindas) are thrown into the river. This ritual is done in order to lead the departed soul to the path of salvation.

Pinda ceremony (each day for 11 days)

Collecting the ashes

Dressing the body

Pouring of water and butter

Placing the body on the pyre

Procession

02 FUNERAL RITUALS

Analysis of funeral rituals among different faiths

Paying last respects

Placing into the coffin

Buddhism

Chanting

Monks perform a sermon

Covering of the body

“Parritas”

Death Dressing the body

Altar with a deceased photo is set up in front of the casket.

Preparing the altar

Placing into the coffin

Taoism

Eulogy

Chanting

Dressing the body

Money donations Chanting of Taoist Scriptures by the priest. The chanting is often drowned by the sound of flute and other instruments.

Death Covering the body

Wake

Burning ceremony

Readings

Placing into the coffin

Atheism

Reflections on the meaning of life and death through the reading of prose or poetic texts.

Dressing the body Death Funeral wake (optional)

Funeral guests burn joss paper called to free the deceased’s spirit from the underworld.

Introductory speech Eulogy

Rite of committal

Cremation

Final Rite

Once the body has been burnt the son will crack the skull of the dead relative with a stick in order to release both the vital air and the soul.

Pinda ceremony (each day for 11 days)

Collecting the ashes

02

Offering of robes Guests should stand straight in front of the altar and bow with hands clasped together or observe a moment of silence.

Cremation

“Pamsukula” Robes and other gifts are offered to the monks. This ceremony is performed on behalf of the deceased.

Chanting Body Disposal

Monks pour water or coconut water on the deceased body. This symbolize the transfer of merit to the deceased.

Procession

Memorial service

Pouring water

“Dana”

“Dakkhinodaka”

Burning of clothes

Burial

Funeral attendees give the deceased’s family a white envelope with money to help with funeral payments.

After the body disposal family and mourners burn the clothes they worn during the funeral.

Body Disposal

Cremation

Procession

Burial

Body Disposal

Cremation

In the following period religious services are performed, during which giving alms and transfer the merits to the deceased.

Mourning

03 PLACES OF WORSHIP Selection of cases studies

Geography of faiths: selecting places of worship

03 PLACES OF WORSHIP Selection of cases studies

Geography of faiths: selecting places of worship

4 Judaism

Har HaMenuchot cemetery,

Chatolic Christianity Orthodox Christianity Protestant Christianity Judaism Islam Hinduism Buddhism Taoism Atheism

Case studies

1

2

3

2

1

03

1 Entrance

2 Chapel

Gathering

Funeral/ Last commital

Burial

3 Protestant Christianity

Forest cemetery, Riga, Latvia

1 Catholic Christianity 2 Orthodox Christianity

7 Buddhism

Certosa cemetery, Bologna, Italy

Bellu cemetery, Bucarest, Romania

Prayer hall, Sapporo, Japan

5 Islam 6 Hinduism

Tomb of Jahangir, Lahore, Pakistan

Jerusalem, Israel

Pashupatinath ghat, Bagmati river, Nepal

9

Atheism

Dilmun burial mounds, Bahrain

8 Taoism

Junk Bay cemetery, Hong Kong

1

2

3

4

2 1 3 Entrance Funeral home Funeral home Gathering

Earth burial

Preparation of the body

Funeral ceremony

4 Garden Burial

Contempla

03 PLACES OF WORSHIP Selection of cases studies

1

Case studies

1

2

1

3

Catholic Christianity Certosa Cemetery Bologna

1 Entrance

2 Chapel

Gathering

Funeral/ Last commital

3 Enclosed garden Burial

Contemplation

03

2

Earth burial

2

1

3

2 1 Entrance

2 Chapel

Gathering

Funeral/ Last commital

3 Enclosed garden Burial

Contemplation

Orthodox Christianity Bellu cemetery Bucarest, Romania

03 PLACES OF WORSHIP Selection of cases studies

2 1 3 Entrance Funeral home Funeral home Gathering

3

Preparation of the body

Funeral ceremony

Burial

C

arth burial

3

Protestant Christianity Forest cemetery Riga, Latvia

Burial 4

1 Entrance

2 Chapel

Gathering

Funeral/ Last commital

Cremation 2-3

1

Cremation 2 1 3 Entrance Funeral home Funeral home Gathering

Preparation of the body

Funeral ceremony

Burial

4 River bank Contemplation

Buria

Last commital

03

4

4

Judaism Har HaMenuchot cemetery Jerusalem, Israel

Last commital

03 PLACES OF WORSHIP Selection of cases studies

5

5

Islam Tomb of Jahangir Lahore, Pakistan

4 1

2-3 2 1 3 Entrance Funeral home Funeral home Gathering

Preparation of the body

2

Funeral ceremony

4 Tree of life Burial

Earth burial

Contemplation

2

1

1

Cremation

Cremation 2-3

03

Cremation 2 1 3 Entrance Funeral home Funeral home

6

Earth burial

ion

2

TODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

6

fe

emation

1

1

Gathering

Preparation of the body

Hinduism Pashupatinath ghat Bagmati river, Nepal

2 1

Funeral ceremony

Burial

4 River bank Contemplation

03 PLACES OF WORSHIP Selection of cases studies

7

7

Buddhism Prayer hall Sapporo, Japan

Med

Fune

1

2-3 2 1 3 Entrance Funeral home Funeral home Gathering

Preparation of the body

2

Funeral ceremony

4 Tree of life Burial

03 Earth burial

Contemplation

2

8

1

1

Cremation

1

8

2

Taoism Junk Bay cemetery Hong Kong

Ashes

1 Meditation hall Funeral ceremony Cremation

2 Zen garden Ashes disposal

Contemplation

ion

2

1

emation

den

ation

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

Selection of cases studies

9

1

1

1

2

2

9

1 Ashes scattering

Atheism

2

Dilmun burial mounds Bahrain

2 Ashes enshrined

IONE PER STUDENTI

fe

03 PLACES Earth burialOF WORSHIP

04 UNITS

Composing dinstict space for each faith

Burial 1 Contemplation

Funeral/ Last commital

1 2

1

3

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI REALIZZATO CON UN REAL

04 UNITS

2

1

1 Entrance 3 1 Gathering

arden

1

Tipology 2

1

Catholic Christianity

3

2

Orthodox Christianity

1 Entrance

2 Chapel

Gathering

Funeral/ Last commital

Burial

1 Entrance

Protestant Christianity

Gathering

PER STUDENTI

Judaism

Burial

Enclosure

1 2 Entrance

Gathering

Funeral/ Last commital

Preparation of the body

Burial

Funeral ceremony

Contemplation

Gathering

1 Entrance

2 Chapel

Gathering

Funeral/ Last commital

2 3 Chapel Funeral/ Last commital

Forest

Gathering 2 1 2 Chapel Courtyard Burial Contemplation Gathering

Funeral/ Last committal

2 1 3 Chapel Courtyard 3 Enclosed garden 1 Gathering Funeral/ Last committal 1 Burial Contemplation

Burial

Burial

Contemplation Earth burial

3 1

3 Enclosed garden 2 1

2 Chapel 2 Chapel Funeral/ Last commital Gathering Funeral/ Last commital

1 Entrance 1 Entrance Gathering 2

3 2 Contemplation 1 Clearing Entrance Chapel Contemplation

Funer Last com

2 Chapel 1 2 En Earth burial Tomb bu 2 2 3 Burial Funeral/ 1 Last committal

3

3

3 Enclosed garden 1 1Entrance

1

Earth burial Ash 2 3 Chapel 2 Enclosed g 13 2 1 Burial Contemplation Gathering Funeral/ Chapel Entrance Contemplation Burial Gathering Burial Contempl Funeral/ Last commital 2 3 Last commital 1 Gathering AUTODESK Funeral/ Chapel Clearing Entrance REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO 2 1 1 commital 1 3 Last

3 Enclosed garden

Gathering

Funeral/ Last commital

Burial

Contemplation 2 1 Chapel Entrance

Contemplation Gathering 1 Entrance Gathering 1

4

Gathering 13

Earth burial

2 Chapel 4

Burial

1 Courtyard

Gathering1

1 21 3 21 2 3Chapel Entrance Enclosed garden Entrance Chapel E Entrance Chape Enclosed garden 3 1 2 Gathering Enclosed garden Burial Contemplation Gathering Entrance Chape Burial Funeral/ Gathering Funeral/ Funeral Burial Contemplation Last commital Last commital Last comm 3 2 3 1 Contemplation Gathering Burial Funeral 2 4 1 Last comm 2 1

2

Burial

Funeral/ Last commital

Contemplation 2

Burial

3 4 Enclosed garden Garden 1

2 Funeral/ Last commital Chapel

Burial

Funeral ceremony

Earth burial

2 1 2 1 3 Chapel Entrance Entrance Funeral home Grid Funeral home 3 1 Gathering Enclosed garden Entrance

4

Funeral/ 1 Burial C Last commital 1 Cou 2 3 Entra Chapel EnclosedEarth garden 1 burial 2 Gat Gathe Burial Contemplation 2 1 Funeral/ 1 1 3 Last 4 commital Enclosed garden 2 1 Earth buria Chap Courtyard

Enclosed garden

Funeral/ 13 Last commital

1 2 3 3 Entrance 2 Chapel Enclosed garden 4 1 1 2 3 Entrance Chapel Enclosed garden Gathering Burial Contemplation Funeral/ 2 Last1 commital Gathering Burial Contemplation Funeral/ Last commital

2 Chapel

2 Earth burial Burial Contemplation 1 REALIZZATO CON 2UN PRODOTTO Entrance Chapel Enc

2

Contemplation

2

Gathering

Forest Cemetery Riga,Latvia

4

3 Enclosed garden

Funeral/ Last commital

1

Contemplation

Bellu Cemetery Bucarest,Romania

3

1

3 Enclosed garden

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

Certosa Cemetery Bologna, Italy

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

Gathering

Funeral Last 1 comm

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK

1 Entrance 3

2 Chapel

Gathering 2

1

2 Chape

Gathering

ation 2 Chapel

3 2 Enclosed2 garden Gathering4 3

Funeral/ Last commital

1

1 Entrance

1 Entrance

2 Chapel 1

1 Entrance

LIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

Case studies

2

1

Composing dinstict space for each faith

2-3

Funeral/ Last commital

Burial

1 3 Clear Entrance

Contem Burial Gathering Funeral/ Last commital 1 2 3 1 Clearing Entrance Entrance Chape

Contemplation Gathering Gathering Field 2 1 3 2 Funeral Last 4 comm 1 1

3

ATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

2

Earth burial 1

Earth burial 1

3

el1

l/ 1 mital

2 3 Enclosed garden

2 Burial Contemplation 2 1 1

Earth burial

4

2

2 2 43

3 3

K VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

3 2 3 AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI 1 garden 1 closed

1

Earth burial

Earth Earth burial burial

3 1

1

31

1

1

04

Body disposal

1

Final layout

1 3 Contemplation ell/ garden Contemplation Burial Enclosed mital 2 31 11 Burial Contemplation l/ mital 3 1 Entrance

2 Chapel

Earth burial

3 22

3

33

3 Enclosed garden

Earth Earthburial burial Earth burial

Earth burial

11 hes enshrined 1 Gathering

22 33 2 3 Burial Contemplation 2 Funeral/ Entrance Entrance Chapel Chapel Enclosed Enclosed garden Entrance Chapel Enclosed gardengarden 3 garden Last commital 3 Clearing Contemplation Contemplation Contemplation Burial Burial Burial Gathering Gathering Gathering Funeral/ Funeral/ Funeral/ lation Last Lastcommital commital Last commital

Earth burial

Earth burial Ashes enshrined

2 EarthPER burial STUDENTI Contemplation Ashes enshrined Burial VERSIONE 2 23 2 1 1

3 ring

3

2 Chapel

3 3

3 Enclosed garden

Earth burial

Ashes enshrined

Earth burial

Ashes enshrined Earth Earth burial burialAshes Ashes enshrined enshrined

2 Chapel

Gathering Facilities

Funeral/ Last commital

3

3 Enclosed garden Burial

REALIZZ

1 Entrance

2

Contemplation Tributes

REALIZZATO

Boundaries

1

4

REALIZZATO

Soil use time

REALIZZATO CON

1Burial Contemplation 2 3 mplationFuneral/ Chapel Enclosed garden Last2commitalEntrance 3 23 2 3 3 1 1 Earth burial Ashes enshrined Chapel Clearing Chapel Chapel Clearing Clearing EntranceEnclosed el Entrance garden Gathering Burial Contemplation Funeral/ Last commital Gathering Contemplation Contemplation Burial Burial BurialContemplation Funeral/ Funeral/ Funeral/ Contemplation Form Cremation Direction Burialof disposal l/ Gathering 3 (NOT mandatory) Last commital 4 Last Last commital commital mital

2

1

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

2

1

Earth burial

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENT

3 3 Earth burial nEnclosed gardenEnclosed garden el 1

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

2 Gathering Gathering Burial Contemplation Burial Contemplation Funeral/ Funeral/ 3 Gathering Burial Contemplation Funeral/ Last committal Last committal Last committal

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

2 4 Contemplation 1 2 3 REALIZZATO UN VERSIONE PER 2 3 1 REALIZZATO CON CON UN PRODOTTO PRODOTTO AUTODESK AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI STUDENTI CONburial UN PRODOTTO VERSIONE PER STUDENTI Earth Tomb burialAUTODESK Ashes enshrined 1urtyard 3 garden REALIZZATO Chapel 12 1 2 2 2Enclosed 3 3 1 2 1 ance Chapel Enclosed garden Entrance Entrance 4Chapel Chapel Enclosed Enclosed garden garden 3 1 1 2 2 3 1 thering Burial Contemplation1 Funeral/ 2 3 3 ering Gathering Contemplation Contemplation Burial BurialContemplation Funeral/ Last committal Burial Funeral/ Funeral/ 1 4 Gathering 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 Last commital Last Last commital commital al Tomb burial Ashes 2 3 1 2 3 enshrined 1 1 2 2 4 4 1 1 garden Tomb burial Ashes enshrined Earth burial pel Enclosed 2 4 1 1 1 1 Contemplation Burial ral/ 1 11 1 mmittal Earth burial 1 Earth burial Earth burial 1 Earth burial 1 2 3 3 Ashes enshrined Earth burial Tomb burial nclosed garden3 Earth burial Earth burial 1 2 3 1 2 3 2 3 3 1 2 1 enshrined urial Ashes 1 burialTombAshes 2 enshrined 3 2 3 1 Earth burial burial Ashes enshrined Earth burial Tomb Chapel Chapel Enclosed garden Enclosed garden Courtyard Courtyard 2 3 3 Contemplation Earth burial Tomb burial Ashes enshrined Chapel Enclosed garden Courtyard

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

N PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER VERSIONE STUDENTI PER STUDENTI LIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK

3 Enclosed garden 1 2 1Entrance

7 4

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

3 6

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE

Funeral ceremony

LIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

REALIZZATO CON

Tipology

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

2 5

Preparation of the body

Funeral ceremony

TODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

REALIZZATO CON UN PRO

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK

14

Gathering

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

REALIZZATO CON UN STUDENTI PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER

Case studies

Gathering

Burial 1 Contemplation Funeral/ Burial Contemplation3 2 commital 1 Entrance Clearing Chapel Burial Contemplation

2 Funeral/ Last Last commital Chapel

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

PER STUDENTI

Protestant Christianity

04 UNITS

1 Entrance

3 1 Gathering Enclosed garden Entrance

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11 has particular the washing (Taharah); and Earth burial Earth burial “From dust you are and to artificially disintegrated. are set up so that the feet of the dead different indications: a Jewish usually don’t place ceremony takes place a room where the community can meet and perform the funeral rite.

Garden 1 eral home Garden Contemplation Burial dust you shall return” Holocaust gave the face the direction that one would ral/ with a minimum flowers on tombs, instead its inauguration.

Due to the jewish purification custom of washing the hands upon leaving 1wall 11 1 upon (Gen. 3:19). prohibition on cremation take to travel to Israel. height of 2.20 m or a they place a pebble on to According to Jewish mmittal 3 the cemetery, a hand washing facilities like a basin or a fountain should Earth burial 1 Earth burial 1 Earth burial renewed context.

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2 11 2 1 1 32 2 4 3 3 lem 3 4 1 2 3 1 2 3 2 4 1 3 return to the earth. urial Ashes enshrined Mediterranean Funeral Entrance home TreeFuneral of life 1 burialTombAshes 2 enshrined 3 Funeral home Entrance Funeral Tree of life 3home 1 Funeral Funeralhome home TreeEarth of life Entrance burial burial Ashes enshrined Earth burial Tomb 2home 3 2 Enclosed Chapel Chapel garden Enclosed garden Courtyard Courtyard 2 3 2 3 4 2 3 1 3 Contemplation Earth burial Tomb burial Ashes enshrined Chapel Enclosed garden Courtyard 4 Form1 of disposal Soil use time Boundaries Facilities Tributes Direction 4 1 Cremation 2 (mandatory) 3 Preparation Gathering 2 Gathering Burial Contemplation Funeral Contemplation Gathering Gathering Funeral Preparation of Gathering Contemplation Contemplation Burial Burial of PRODOTTO Burial Contemplation Funeral Funeral/ Funeral/ Preparation of Burial REALIZZATO REALIZZATO CON UN CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK AUTODESK VERSIONE VERSIONE PER STUDENTI PER STUDENTI Earth 3burialCON STUDENTI REALIZZATO UN PRODOTTO VERSIONE PER STUDENTI Gathering Contemplation ceremony Burial AUTODESK ceremony the Last body Funeral/ the committal body ceremony committal Last the body Last committal Earth burial Earth burial garden 3 Earth burial Funeral Ritual Prayer area EarthS-E burial Ashes enshrined Earth burial Eternal rest Not allowed Separation Clearing 2 2 washing room ceremony room Earth burial lation There is no Islamic Cremation is considered 4 The grave should be always 2the ground 1 Only 3 The main facilities that should be included in a Islam A muslim grave should 3 burials inEarth 3 Earth burial Every Muslim is supposed burial 1 by Islam2to be “haram,” 1 4 3 2 that the 1 are 13 home 4 teaching of putting so perpendicular to the 3permitted cemetery are: a room where to perform rituals of never be disturbed, be buried with his Earth the burial to Earth Earth burial burial Earth burial Funeral home ntrance Funeral Garden Earth burial n Contemplation Enclosed garden Burial Earth burial 2 2 3 3 2 3 el Enclosed garden flowers, food, water, or person may be or an unclean practice. direction of Qiblah (Mecca).

1 Funeral home Entrancewhole Funeral Gardenhome Islamic religion community preparation of the body of the decease, in particular Funeral Garden burial plot cannot be 2 home 4 4Funeral 4 home 1 3 Entrance 1 money around the resurrected.

In1islamic Muslims are forbidden The deceased’s body should 3 to vacated because the the washing (Ghusl); and (umma), 1 world people are buried3 grave that will benefit the take part in the act of rest on his right side with deceased remains here to el Enclosed garden a room where the community can meet and perform It’s possible to have burial deceased. without a coffin.

But in garden cremation in any way, the face towards the Burial direction await resurrection. In Contemplation ell/ Enclosed the funeral prayer (Salat al-janaza).

Gathering Contemplation areas reserved to Muslims Burial Contemplation Funeral Burial Preparation of 1 Qiblah.

1 emergency cases is allowed But in some cemeteries foreignPreparation countries coffins Burning the dead is Gathering Burial Contemplation Funeral Preparation of Gathering Burial Contemplation Funeral A prayer area can be planned indoors and / or inside communal cemeteries of ceremony mital can be admitted 2 2 considered a form of the body people put tributes on to comply 2 to add another Muslim outdoors. with others religions. ceremony body 3 3 the body Contemplation graves. mutilation, forbidden by3ceremony Burial 3 l/ 1 with 1national 1 theregulations. burial in an Islamic grave.

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Cremation because placed in a common burial 1 the body of a East 1 Cremation el Enclosed garden 1 Cremation Cremation 1 believer housed the Holy or ossuary.

3 3 2 3 plation 2 2 1 Spirit. Earth burial Ashes Earthenshrined burial Ashes enshrined ring ChapelClearing Enclosed garden Water scattering Earth burial Contemplation Cremation Burial Form Soil use time Boundaries Tributes Direction al/2-3 Cremation 1 2 Facilities 1of disposal 1 1 2 (NOT mandatory) 2-3 1 2 1 mital 1 2-3 1 2 Ashes scattering Ashes enshrined 1Burial 2 3 mplation Contemplation 1 Contemplation BurialFuneral/ Water scattering 1 1 1 EarthAshes burial 1 1 1 1 1 Ashes enshrined 1 scattering 1 1 Chapel 1 1 1 Enclosed garden 1 Last2commitalEntrance 1 2 3 2 2 2 3 32 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 232 2here 3 Not performed Entrance Chapel Enclosed garden 2 2 2 2 2 2 Earth 2 2 Earth burial Ashes enshrined Earth burial Earth burial burial Ashes enshrined Ashes Ashes enshrined enshrined Chapel Clearing 2 2 Chapel Chapel Clearing Clearing Entrance Entrance Ashes scattering Ashes enshrined el Enclosed garden nclosed garden 2 1 1 2 2 2 Gathering Burial2 Contemplation 2 2 Funeral/ 1 1 2 2 2 Water scattering Not performed here Earth burial 2 Meditation hall Zen garden Common Gathering Colombarium Mortuary burial Tomb burial Ashes enshrined Limited time Flowers Separation Last commitalNot allowed Cremation E Water scattering Earth burial Burial Contemplation Water scattering Funeral/ Earth burial Facilities 1 1 1 1 Gathering Gathering Contemplation Contemplation Contemplation Burial ossuary Burial Burial Funeral/ Funeral/ Funeral/ Contemplation Form Soil use time Boundaries Tributes Cremation Direction Burialof disposal l/ 2 2 Contemplation 1 1 1 1 3 Last commital 2 (NOT mandatory) 1 is 2 commital Every Christian Puttin flowers on graves is Last Last commital commital ingLast the ancient Christian tradition, the Church 4 Cremation is allowed of The traditional Burials usually have 1 2 Christian mital 2 since it does 1 2 must be a common ossuary 1 Ashes 2 there 2time-based concessions supposed to be buried in a In each cemetery a common tradition in all urgently recommends that the 1 bodies1ofFuneral ceremony the2corpse, Cremation of1positioning the Contemplation Ashesmethod Ashes scattering enshrined 1 2 Meditation hall Zen garden scattering Ashes enshrined and a mortuary forenshrined the conservation of the coffin Christian churches. are cemeteryAshes or in another 2 to the2type and 2 Christian burial ground. not touch the soul and coffin inscattering the grave was to Ashes enshrined according Ashes scattering Ashes 2scattering 2Ashes Cremation 3 buried in2the 4sacred Ashes enshrined Ashes Ashes scattering Ashes enshrined 2 disposal Not performed here 2 Ashes scattering Ashes enshrined Cremation 3 4 This area could be placed before burial. There may be columbaries for the e, suggesting the traditional earth1burial.3In does not prevent divineCremation have the body with the timeNot of mineralization of Cremation 1 Cremation 2 1 4 performed here 1 west, feet to 1 Cremation Notcemetery. performed here alto home River bank 1 2 1 inside a mixed burial of the bodies or the preservation of the n this method, burial in tombs and cremation head to the omnipotence from the body which can vary 1 1 1 1 ral home River bank Funeral rance home River bank 1 1 1 home 1 remains as bones or cinerary urns. cepted by all the churches exceptFuneral the orthodox resurrecting the body. the east. The body was from 10 to 40 years. The

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The 1 Funeral River 1 2 1 2 2-3 1 Entrance Chape Cremation 1 Entrance 1 Chape 1 Cremation Contemplation Cremation Cremation Ashes Funeral Cremation 1 1ceremony 2 1 Gathering Preparation Gathering Contemplation Funeral Contemp Funeral of Preparation disposal of 1 2 3 2Entrance 2 Burial Chapel ceremony 2 Burial ceremony the body Cremation Gathering Funeral Entrance 3 Chapel 1 the body Enclosed2 garden 4 Cremation 3 1 Gathering Field Funera 1 Last 1 comm Last comm REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK Gathering Pashupatinath Ghat Funeral/ 2 Earth burial Gathering Burial Contemplation Funeral/ Bagmati river, Nepal Ghat Last commital 1 REALIZZATO CON 22UN PRODOTTO 2 1 3 4 2Cremation Last commital 1 (stepped river bank) Entrance Chapel Enc Entrance Funeral home Funeral home River bank Entrance Chapel En 2 Cremation 2 1 3 44 1 2 Earth b Entrance Funeral home Funeral home RiverGathering bank 1 3 1 2 1 Burial C 1 Funeral/ Gathering Preparation of Gathering Contemplation Funeral Burial C Funeral/ Catholic Christianity 2 Meditation hallBurial ZenLast garden commital Followi Buddhism ceremony the body Last 1u Cou 1 2 3 commital Gathering Preparation of dead a Contemplation Funeral Entra Entrance Chapel Enclosed garden 2 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 2 Earth burial place1 Burial the body 1 ceremony Funeral home Funera CremationEntrance addition Entrance Chapel Enclosed garden Funeral home Funer Entrance Gat Contemplation Cremation Entr Ashes Funeral ceremony are acc Gathe Gathering Contemplation 2 1 Funeral/ one. The disposal Burial 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 Last 2 Gathering Fu 1 2 21 Preparation of buria 4 commital 1Meditation 2 Zen Chapel 2 Enclosed Courtyard 2 1 Earth 1 Burial Gathering Fu 3 garden Preparation of Gath Gathering 2 hall Contemplation gardenhall Funeral/ 3 Meditation cere Meditation hall Zen garden the body 1 Meditation hall ZenCremation garden Chap Courtyard cere 1 the body 1South/East 2 3 Last commital Entrance Chapel Enclosed garden Gathering Burial Contemplation 1 2Earth Contemplation Funeral/ burial CremationAshes Ashes Funeral ceremony Cremation As Funeral ceremony 1 Contemplation Cremation Funeral ceremony Gathering Last committalAshes Funer Contemplation Cremation Funeral ceremony Meditation hall Zen garden disposal disp disposal Last com disposal Gathering Burial Contemplation Funeral/ Earth burial 2 1 Last commital 2 1 Certosa Cemetery Prayer hall, Sapporo Cemetery Chapel Courtyard 2 1 2 En 2 3 1 Contemplation Cremation Ashes Funeral ceremony 3 Bologna,Japan Italy 1 Sapporo, Earth burial Tomb bu Chapel Enclosed garden Courtyard 1 Enclosure disposal 1 2 3 2 hallGathering 2 2 2 Meditation 3Zen g Burial Funeral/ 1 3 Entrance Chapel Enclosed garden 13 1 1 1 Mandala Last committal Gathering Burial Contemplation Funeral/ 2 3 Last committal Conte Funeral ceremony Cremation 1 1Ashes South/East Gathering Burial Contemplation Funeral/ 1 3 2 disposal Orthodox Christianity 2 Taoism Last commital 1 garden 3 Meditation hall M Zen 1 2 2 1 South/East Chapel Entrance 1 2 3 Contemplation Cremation Ashes Funeral ceremony F 1 2 3 Entrance 2 Chapel Enclosed garden 2 3 1 Med 4 disposal 1 Zen garden 21 Gathering 21 Funeral/ 3 Meditation hall 2 Chapel Enclosed garden Entrance 1 1 2 3 1 2 3Chapel 1 1 2 Entrance Enclosed garden Entrance Chapel E Entrance Chape Last commital Entrance Chapel Enclosed garden 2 3 Chapel Enclosed3garden Entrance Entrance Funeral home Gathering Contemplation Burial Funeral/ South/East Pagoda Fune 1 Cremation 2 South/East 3 1 2 building Gathering 2 Burial Contemplation South/East Contemplation Last1 commital Ashes South/East Funeral/ Funeral ceremony 3 Gathering Entrance Chapel Enclosed garden Contemplation Gathering Burial Entrance Chape Burial Funeral/ Gathering Funeral/ 2 3 1 3 Funeral Gathering disposal Burial Contemplation Burial Contemplation Last commital Funeral/ Gathering 2 Funeral/ Last commital Last 2 commital Last Clear 3 Chapel Entrance comm Last commital 1 Burial Contemplation Gathering LastFuneral commital 3 1 3 Contemplation Gathering Burial Gathering ceremony Funeral/ Funeral 2 4 Last commital 1 2Gathering comm Contemp Burial Last Bellu Cemetery Funeral/ 2 Junk Bay Cemetery 2 Last11commital Bucarest,Romania Hong Kong 2 3 1 2 2 4 1 3 1 Earth burial Chapel Enclosed garden Entrance Grid 2 Garden Entrance Funeral home Funeral home 1 1 3 1 Feng Shui localization model Earth bur 1 2 3 2 3 1 Gathering Burial Contemplation Funeral/ 1 2 3 Entrance Chapel Enclosed garden Earth burial Ash Last commital Chapel Clearing Entrance 2 3 Entrance Chapel Enclosed 3garden 1 Gathering Preparation of Protestant Christianity Burial Contemplation Funeral Atheism Entrance Chapel 2 Enclosed g 1 1 3 1 2 2 ceremony the body 1 3 2 1 Gathering Contemplation Burial Funeral/ 2 1 Burial Contemplation Gathering Funeral/ Gathering Chapel Entrance Contemplation Burial Funeral/ Last commital Chapel Entrance Gathering Contempl Burial Funeral/ Last commital Last commital 3 2 3 Last commital 1 Gathering AUTODESK Funeral/ 1 Chapel Clearing Entrance 2 REALIZZATO UN Gathering 2 CON 3 2 3PRODOTTO 11 1 1Funeral/ 3 Last commital Entrance Funeral home 2 3 1 Last commital Pagoda Hill Entrance Funeral home building 2 Funeral home Hill Entrance 1 2 3 Gathering Burial Contemplation Funeral/ Entrance Chapel Enclosed garden 2 1 1 33 Last commital 2 1 1 Contemplation Burial Entrance Funeral Funeral Chapel Clear Burial Contemplation Gathering Gathering Entrance Chapel Clear Entrance ceremony ceremony Gathering Contemplation Burial Funeral Gathering Burial Contemplation Funeral/ Dilmun Burial Mounds ceremony Forest Cemetery Last commital Gathering Contem Burial Gathering Funeral/ Gathering Burial Contem Funeral/ Bahrain Riga,Latvia Last commital Last 1 2 2 3 commital 1 1 Forest Chapel Clearing Entrance Entrance Entrance Chape Mounds 4 Eart

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

Case studies

Tipology

Funeral ceremony

17

TODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

arden

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

LIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

IZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

ZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI IZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

ZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

1 Entrance Gathering

Gathering Funeral/ 1 2 Last commital Funeral home Funeral2-3

Burial

Burial Contemplation Gathering Gathering Field 2 1 3 2 Funeral 3 Last 4 comm 1 1 Hill

DESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

PER STUDENTI

TTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

4

NTI NE PER STUDENTI

Judaism

Burial

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

4

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

3 9

DOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

2 8

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

ation

Contemplation

Body disposal

Tributes

Flowers Puttin flowers on graves is a common tradition in all Christian churches.

1

4

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI Gathering Facilities

Funeral/ Last commital

3

3 Enclosed garden

Burial

Contemplation Tributes

REALIZZATO

2 Chapel

REALIZZATO

1 Entrance

2

REALIZZ

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

Boundaries

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO A REALIZZATO CON UN PR

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER VERSI STUD REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK

Soil use time

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUD

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENT

Earth burial Earth Ashes enshrined Earth burial burialAshes Ashes enshrined enshrined Earth burial Earth burial Ashes enshrined Ashes enshrined Earth burial Ashes enshrined

REALIZZATO CON

REALIZZATO CON UN PROD

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUT

Gathering Gathering FuneralFuneralBurial Burial Contemplation Contemplation Gathering Burial Contemplation Funeral

04

Final layout

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

1Burial Contemplation 2 3 mplationFuneral/ mplation Chapel Enclosed garden Last2commitalEntrance 3 23 2 3 3 1 1 Earth burial Ashes enshrined Chapel Clearing Chapel Chapel Clearing Clearing EntranceEnclosed el Entrance garden Gathering Burial Contemplation th burial Ashes enshrined Funeral/ Last commital Gathering Contemplation Burial Burial Funeral/ Funeral/ Contemplation Form Cremation Direction Burialof disposal l/ Gathering 2Contemplation 2 BurialContemplation 3 3 1 Funeral/ 3 11 (NOT mandatory) 2 3Hill Hill Last commital Last Last commital commital 4 mital FuneralFuneral home home Entrance Entrance Hill Entrance Funeral home

Puttin flowers on graves is a common tradition in all Christian churches.

In each cemetery there must be a common ossuary 2 2 and a mortuary for 2 the conservation of the coffin before 1 burial.1 There may be columbaries for the 1 1 bodies or the preservation of the 1burial of the remains as bones or cinerary urns.

N.B. In Orthodox2Church only earth burial are allowed and cremation is forbidden, so there are no 1 colombaries.

3 the ashes 4are kept inside the2cemetery. doen’t allowed cremation, 4 3 2 4 because 1 the body of a el1 Enclosed garden 4 el Enclosed garden Cremation 1 believer housed the Holy1 3 plation 2 2 1 Spirit.

1 Earth burial 1Ashes enshrined Clearing 2 2 2 burial Contemplation Burial Water scattering l/ Earth 2 3 3 Contemplation 4 3Cremation Burial Form Soil use time Boundaries Direction al/2-3 1 2 Facilities 11of1disposal 1Cremation mital 1 2 (NOT mandatory) 1 mital 1 Ashes scattering 1Ashes enshrined 2-3 11 1 2 2 K2-3 VERSIONE PER STUDENTI 1 Burial Contemplation Water scattering 1 1 1 EarthAshes burial enshrined 1 1 1 1 Ashes 1 scattering 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 2 3 1 2 2 AUTODESK VERSIONE 2 2 here PER STUDENTI 2 3 Not performed 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 12 1 1 garden closed 2 21 2 2 Ashes scattering Ashes enshrined nclosed garden 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 scattering 2 Water Not performed here Earth burial 2 Meditation hall Common Colombarium Mortuary burial enshrined 2 Tomb burial Ashes Limited time Separation Cremation E Zen garden Water scattering Earth burial Not allowed 4 Water scattering Earth burial 1 1 1 1 Contemplation ossuary 2 2 Contemplation 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 REALIZZATO UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI 2 3 1 2 CON 1 2 REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO VERSIONE PERhave STUDENTI Every Christian is ing the ancient Christian tradition, the Church Cremation allowed of TheAUTODESK traditional Christian Burials usually 1 2UN REALIZZATO CON PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI 2 issince Earth burial Tomb burial Ashes enshrined 1 2 must be a common ossuary 1urtyard 32corpse, Chapel garden 12 that 1 the 1bodies1of2 2 2Enclosed 3 3 Ashesmethod 1 Ashes 2 there 1 2 supposed to be buried in a In each cemetery urgently recommends the it does of positioning the time-based concessions Contemplation Cremation Ashes scattering enshrined Funeral ceremony 1 2 Meditation hall Zen garden 1 2 1 Ashes scattering Ashes enshrined 4 Christian burial ground. and a mortuary forenshrined the conservation of the coffin are cemetery or in another sacred 2 coffin inscattering the grave was to Ashes enshrined notgarden touch the soul and garden according to the2type and Ashes scattering Ashes 2 ance Chapel Enclosed 2 Entrance Entrance Chapel Chapel Enclosed Enclosed garden Cremation 3 buried in2the 4 Ashes scattering Ashes enshrined Ashes 2 This area could be placed Ashes earth scattering Ashes enshrined 2 before burial. There may be columbaries for the 3 with performed here 2does Ashes enshrined Cremation 1 the e,3suggesting the traditional In not prevent divineCremation timeNot of mineralization of 1have the1body Cremation 1burial.4bank 1 Cremation 2 scattering 1 3Ashes 4 disposal Not performed here 1 Cremation Notcemetery. performed here alto home River 2 2 1 2 1 inside a mixed burial of the bodies or the preservation of the n this method, burial in tombs and cremation omnipotence from head to the west, feet to the body which can vary 1 1 3 1 ral home 1 River bank 1 River bank thering Burial Funeral home rance home 1 3 1 1 1Funeral/ 1Contemplation remains as bones or cinerary urns. cepted by all the churches exceptFuneral the orthodox resurrecting the body. the east. The body was from 2 10 to 40 years. The 3 Contemplation Cremation Ashes Funeral ceremony Ashes scattering Ashes enshrined ering Gathering Contemplation Contemplation Burial Burial Funeral/ Last committal N.B. In Orthodox Church only earth burial are Funeral/ Funeral/ e cremation accepted with the constraint thatContemplation 1 4 isGathering N.B.Burial Orthodox Church placed face up. remains are usually placed 2 3 2 2 2 inside the cemetery.1 3 disposal 11 and 1 1in a small box inside allowed and cremation is forbidden, so there are no the ashes are kept doen’t 1 allowed cremation, Last commital2 Contemplation 2 Last Last commital commital 1 2 uneral colombaries.

Zen garden because the body of a 1 placed al burial Meditation Ashes enshrined 2 3 in a common burial 2hering 3 Funeral 1 1 2 uneral Tomb 2hall 2 housed Meditation hall 4Contemplation Preparation ofContemplation Zen garden 4 1 Meditation hall ZenEastgarden Zen garden 1 1 believer the Holy Cremation or ossuary. 1 emony 1 Cremation 1 1Burial 1 1garden Tomb burial Ashes enshrined Earth burial Cremation pel Enclosed 2 1 1 2 Burial emony 1 the 1 1 1 Burial ceremony 4 Spirit. body 1 1 2 2 2 2 Contemplation Cremation1 Ashes Funeral ceremony 2 2 ceremony 2 2 Contemplation Cremation Ashes 2 Contemplation Funeral ceremony Cremation 1 Contemplation Ashes 1 shes Funeral Contemplation Burial disposal ral/ 1 11 1 disposal Ashes scattering Ashes enshrined disposal posal mmittal 1 Earth burial 1 Earth burial 1 Earth burial 1 1 1 1 Earth burial 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 Ashes enshrined Earth burial Tomb burial nclosed garden 3 2 Earth 2 2 burial 2 2 Earth burial 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 3 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 urial Ashes enshrined 2 Ashes scattering Ashes scattering Ashes enshrined Ashes enshrined 1Ashes 2 enshrined 3 3 1 enshrined burial burial Ashes enshrined Earth burialEarth Tomb burialTomb Ashes Chapel Chapel2 Enclosed garden Enclosed garden Courtyard Courtyard Ashes Ashes scattering Ashes enshrined 2 3scattering garden 3 Contemplation Earth burial Tomb burial Ashes enshrined Chapel Enclosed garden Courtyard 1 21 Earth Ashes enshrinedBurial2 Contemplation 3 2 burial Gathering Gathering Burial Contemplation Funeral/ Funeral/ 1 2 1 3 11 2 2 emplation1 2 1 2 2 2 Funeral/ Gathering Contemplation Burial Last committal Last committal scattering Ashes enshrined Ashes Ashes scattering Ashes enshrined 1 2 Ashes scattering Ashes enshrined 1 Meditation Meditation hall hall Ashes enshrined Zen garden Zen garden Ashes scattering Last committal 1 Meditation hall Zen garden 2 3 3 2 1 Earth burial Ashes enshrined Earth burial Clearing Contemplation Cremation Ashes Ashes Contemplation FuneralFuneral ceremony ceremony 1 Cremation 1 2 1 2 Contemplation Cremation Ashes Funeral ceremony 1 2 disposal disposal Meditation hall 1 Zen garden ditation hall Meditation Zen garden Zen garden 3 hall disposal 2Earth burial Burial3 Contemplation 1 12 Earth Earthburial burial Earth burial nEnclosed gardenEnclosed garden Earth burial el 3 1 2 3 2 2 3 2 1 3 2ceremony 1 Cremation Contemplation 1 Cremation Ashes Contemplation ceremony Ashes eralFuneral 3 2 2 1 1 Contemplation Cremation Ashes Funeral ceremony 1 2 disposal 2 disposal Contemplation ell/ garden Contemplation Burial Enclosed disposal Earth burial Ashes enshrined Earth burial Ashes enshrined ring mital 22 2 33 3 31 11 3 Burial Contemplation l/ 2 1 mital plation Ashes enshrined Earth burial 1 2 3 3 3 1 1 2 Earth burial 1 2 3 1 2 Entrance 2 Chapel Enclosed garden 12 2 1 2 Earth burial 1 Ashes enshrined2 3 1 rial Ashes enshrined burialAshes Ashes enshrined EarthEarth burial enshrined Entrance Funeral home Pagoda 1 1 building 22 hes enshrined 1 2 3 3 33 Gathering Burial Contemplation 3 3 2 Funeral/ 2 Entrance Entrance Chapel Chapel Enclosed Enclosed garden garden Entrance Chapel Enclosed garden 1 2 2 3 garden 1 commital Last 3 1 2 Earth burial 1 home 2 Entrance3 Funeral Contemplation Funeral BurialPagoda Gathering 3 building Earth burial Ashes enshrined 1 Clearing ceremony Contemplation Contemplation Contemplation Earth burial Ashes enshrined Burial Burial Burial 1 Clearing Gathering Gathering Gathering Funeral/ Funeral/ Funeral/ lation 1 1 Earth burialLast commital Ashes enshrined Earth burial Ashes enshrined 3 3 Last Lastcommital commital 3 2 Burial Contemplation 2 Gathering 1 Earth burialFuneral 2 Ashes enshrined 2 2 2 Contemplation Burial 1 3 2 VERSIONE PER STUDENTI 1 ceremony 1 2 Contemplation 3 Burial 2 2 2 Entrance Funeral home 3 1 1 3 3home 3 3 Entrance Pagoda Funeral Entrance Funeral home building 2 2 Pagoda Pagoda building 2 building 1 1 3 2 3 Burial Contemplation 3 Funeral 1 Gathering burial Ashes enshrined ring Chapel Gathering Contemplation Funeral Burial Gathering Enclosed garden BurialEarth Contemplation Funeral Earth burial Ashes enshrined ring ceremony ceremony ceremony

Flowers

R STUDENTI

Mortuary

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

Every Christian is supposed2to be buried in a time-based concessions 2 2 Christian burial ground.

2 to the type and according This 1 area could time of mineralization of 1be placed 1 inside 1a mixed cemetery. 1 1 the 1 body which can vary from 10 to 40 years. The 2 burial Earth burial remains are usually placedEarth burial Earth in a small box inside and 1 Cremation placed in a common burial East 1 Cremationor ossuary.

3 Cremation

ESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

2 2 urgently recommends that the bodies of the corpse, since it does method of positioning the N PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE STUDENTI Cremation 2 LIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK STUDENTI 1 thePER 2soul andVERSIONE are buried in the cemetery or in another sacred in the grave was to not touch 2 2 1 2coffinPER 1 2 2 e, suggesting the traditional1earth burial. In does not 1 prevent divine have the body with the 1burial 1 n to this method, burialEarth in tombs and1cremation from head 1 to the west, feet to 1 Burial 1omnipotence 1 except 1 resurrecting 3the churches Not performed Not herewas cepted by all the orthodox the body. here theperformed The body 2 2 east.

3 bank Earth burial e cremation is accepted with the constraint that N.B. Orthodox Church placed face up.

Colombarium

UDENTI

1

Common ossuary

PER STUDENTI

Ashes scattering Ashes 2 2 enshrined Earth burialEarth burial Water ceremony ceremony Water scattering ceremony Earth scattering burial the thebody body 1 the body ing the ancient Christian tradition, the Church Cremation is allowed of The traditional Christian Burials usually have

1

Separation

STUDENTI

1 2 Cremation Limited time burial Tomb burial Ashes enshrined 11 Not2 allowed Gathering Gathering athering Burial Burial Contemplation Contemplation 1 EEarth burial Funeral Burial Contemplation Funeral 1 Preparation Preparation ofof Funeral Preparation of 3

2

R STUDENTI

2

RODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

Garden GardenGarden

ATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

FuneralFuneral home homeFuneral Entrance Funeralhome home FuneralFuneral home ntrance home 2Entrance Contemplation 1 2 3 3

REALIZZATO CON UN PRODOTTO AUTODESK VERSIONE PER STUDENTI

05 UNITS RELATIONSHIP Composing units together

05 UNITS RELATIONSHIP Composing units together

1. Christian axis: Catholicism - Orthodoxy - Protestantism

1. Christian axis: Catholicism - Orthodoxy - Protestantism Increa

sing n

atural

2. Oriental stream: Hinduism - Buddhism - Taoism

ity

05 2. Oriental stream: Hinduism - Buddhism - Taoism

2. Oriental stream: Hinduism - Buddhism - Taoism

South/East direction

3. Islam

05 UNITS RELATIONSHIP Composing units together

3. Islam South/East direction

3. Islam

Quibla* direction

* The Qibla is the direction that should be faced when a Muslim prays It is fixed as the direction of the Kaaba in the city of Mecca.

4. Judaism

Quibla* direction

05

4. Judaism * The Qibla is the direction that should be faced when a Muslim prays It is fixed as the direction of the Kaaba in the city of Mecca.

4. Judaism

5. Atheism

05 UNITS RELATIONSHIP Composing units together

5. Atheism

5. Atheism

06 PROTOTYPE

A new model of interfaith memorial park

06generating PROTOTYPE Prototype principle A new model of interfaith memorial park Prototype generating principle

Cells

Prototype Plan | Scale 1:2000 |

Cells

Connections

Connec

ctions

06

Green buffer

Green buffer

06 PROTOTYPE

A new model of interfaith memorial park

1.

3.

2.

5.

4.

a.

6.

b.

10.

9.

12.

11.

18.

20.

14.

13. a.

15.

c.

17.

16.

06 Key: Common services a. Porter’s lodge and restroom b. Mortuary c. Crematorium d. Offices

d.

Dinstinct services

a.

7.

8.

a.

19.

Catholic Christianity 1. Entrance building 2. Chapel Orthodox Cristianity 3. Entrance building 4. Chapel Protestant Christianity 5. Entrance building 6. Chapel Atheism 7. Underground funeral home 8. Open air funeral ceremony area Islam 9. Body preparation area (washing and shrouding) 10. Waiting area 11. Funeral ceremony hall 12. Prayer room Judaism 13. Body preparation area (washing and shrouding) and waiting room 14. Funeral ceremony hall Hinduism 15. Entrance 16. Body preparation area and waiting room 17. Funeral ceremony hall Buddhism 18. Meditation hall/Funeral ceremony Taoism 19. Entrance building 20. Funeral home

07 MILANESE CONTEXT Selection and analysis of the site

Selection of the of sitethe site Selection

Existing Existing cemeteries in Milanin Milan cemeteries

Urban voids in voids Milanin Milan Urban

Bruzzano Bruzzano

Maggiore Maggiore

Bovisa Goccia Bovisa Goccia

Baggio Baggio Muggiano Muggiano

Ronchetto

Greco Greco Lambrate Lambrate

Lambrate Lambrate

Rubattino

Piazza d’Armi Piazza d’Armi

Ronchetto

Greco Greco

Monumentale MonumentaleMonumentale Monumentale

Rubattino

San Siro Trotto San Siro Trotto

Maggiore Maggiore

Bruzzano Bruzzano

Baggio Baggio

Muggiano Muggiano

Porto di mare Porto di mare

Chiaravalle Chiaravalle Chiaravalle Chiaravalle Big urban voids: new urban facilities Big urban voids: new urban facilities Railway yards agreement areas Railway yards agreement areas

Bovisa Goccia Bovisa Goccia 350.000 mq 350.000 mq

San Siro Trotto San Siro Trotto 375.000 mq 375.000 mq

Piazza d’Armi Piazza d’Armi 420.000 mq 420.000 mq

Porto di Mare Porto di Mare 200.000 mq 200.000 mq

Rubattino

Rubattino 346.000 mq

346.000 mq

Ronchetto

Ronchetto 52.000 mq

52.000 mq

Maggiore Maggiore Maggiore Maggiore (1895) (1895)

(1895) (1895) 678.624 678.624 mq mq678.624 mq 678.624 mq

Monumentale Monumentale Monumentale Monumentale (1867) (1867) (1867) (1867) 245.000 245.000 mq mq245.000 mq 245.000 mq

Greco Baggio Greco Baggio e e Muggiano Muggiano Baggio e e Muggiano Muggiano 38.000 37.500Baggio mq 38.000 mq mq 37.500 mq 37.500 mq 37.500 mq

Bruzzano Bruzzano Bruzzano Bruzzano (1970) (1970)

(1970) (1970) 195.000 195.000 mq mq195.000 mq 195.000 mq

Chiaravalle Lambrate ChiaravalleChiaravalle Lambrate Greco Greco(1988) Lambrate Chiaravalle Lambrate (1936) (1936) (1988)

38.000 mq (1988) 38.000230.000 mq (1936) (1988) 82.000 mq (1936) 82.000 mq 82.000 mq 230.000 mq mq230.000 mq 82.000 mq 230.000 mq

Site analysis: territorial scale scale Site analysis: territorial Site inside urban Sitethe inside thetissue urban tissue

Site along green Sitethe along thecorridor green corridor

Focus

Site Piazza d’Armi

Big urban void

s on the green corridor

420.000 mq

Inside the urban tissue

Death as part of life

Position

New memorial park in the western side of Milan

Bovisa Goccia 350.000 mq

San Siro Trotto 375.000 mq

Piazza d’Armi 420.000 mq

Porto di Mare 200.000 mq

Monumentale Monumentale

Maggiore Maggiore

Rubattino

346.000 mq

Ronchetto

52.000 mq

Baggio Baggio e e Muggiano Muggiano 37.500 37.500 mq mq

Bruzzano Bruzzano

(1867) (1867) 245.000 245.000 mq mq

(1895) (1895) 678.624 678.624 mq mq

Greco Greco

38.000 38.000 mq mq

(1970) (1970) 195.000 mq mq 195.000

Chiaravalle Chiaravalle

Lambrate Lambrate

(1936) (1936) 82.000 mq mq 82.000

(1988) (1988) 230.000 230.000 mq mq

Site analysis: territorial scale Site inside the urban tissue

Site along the green corridor

Focus

Site inside the enviromental system

Site analysis: local scale | Scale 1:5000 |

6

3

3

zano zano

70) 70) 00 00 mq mq

valle valle

420.000 mq

36) 36) 0 0 mq mq

New memorial park in the western side of Milan

Death as part of life

Focus on the green corridor

Castello Sforzesco

Parco delle Cave

Parco piazza d’armi Duomo Piazza Po

Bande Nere Giardini di viale Caterina da Forlì

Parco dei fontanili

8

Giardinetti di via Dezza

Piazzale Tripoli

Parco A. Annaruma Parco Sei Milano

Casa Circondariale Francesco di Cataldo

Parco don Giussani Giardino Alberto Moravia

Sant’Ambrogio

Site analysis: local scale | Scale 1:5000 |

6

3

3

7

6

1

Public green

Residential

Cycle path

1

Militar warehouses

3

San Carlo hospital

Site

Public

Green corridor

2

Military station

4

Military hospital

Setting strategy

8

6

1 2

5

6

2

4

6

5

School

7

Cascina Linterno

6

Church

8

ATM storage

5

Public green

Residential

Cycle path

1

Militar warehouses

3

San Carlo hospital

Site

Public

Green corridor

2

Military station

4

Military hospital

Setting strategy Site borders and viability

Green buffer

Parc

o de

Demolition of military warehouses Parco de

lle cave

elle

4

6

5

School

7

Cascina Linterno

6

Church

8

ATM storage

Accesses

cave

Cascina Linterno

5

Cells and paths

08 GARDEN OF GARDENS An interfaith memorial park in Milan

Via

li Ario

Via

e Ven

inale i gon

Card Via

Fratelli

Zoia

Via

sio Ales

Via

Oliv

ieri

lli Frate

te Arma

Zoia

Via

Armate Forze delle Via

Tosi

delle

e Forz

Via

o

Chinott

o

Via

Piazzale Giuseppe Perrucchetti

Giulio

Via

arino

Mazz

o

Edoard

o

Chinott

o

cesc

Fran

Via

Via

te Arma Forz

e delle

Via

io

aticc Prim

van Gio

ni

Via

s u Lab

Sain

t

n Bon

mi eltra

Territorial section | Scale 1:2000

2

1

Via Fratelli Zoia

Bu

Jewish section

Via Alessio Olivieri

Forze Armate district

Interfai

Section details | Scale 1:300 Detail 1

Detail 2

Vehicle’s route

Residential buildings

Via Fratelli Zoia

Green Buffer

Jewish section

Interfaith memorial park

J

Via Giulio Mazzarino

Atheist section

uddhist section

ith memorial park

Jewish section

Via Edoardo Chinotto

Santa Barbara military station

Jewish section “threshold”

Promenade

Buddhist section “threshold”

Interfaith memorial park

Buddhist section

Bande Nere district