Electrical & power info- E-magazine

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editor’s speak

Comprehensive Participation Really Makes The Difference

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www.electricalpowerinfo.com Editor Er. Afzal Kamal Feature Editor Er. Razi Ahsan Asst. Editor Abhishek K. Jaiswal

ndia’s power sector is one of the most diversified in the world. Sources of power generation range from conventional sources such as coal, lignite, natural gas, oil,

General Manager– Marketing Niraj Vishal Product Head Nasir Khan

hydro and nuclear power to viable non-conventional sources such as wind, solar, and agricultural and domestic waste.

Regional Manager (NCR) Hussain Ahmad

Electricity demand in the country has increased rapidly and is expected to rise further in the years to come. The Government of India’s focus on attaining ‘Power For All’ has accelerated capacity addition in the country. Already the world’s thirdlargest emitter of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, India is attempting to do something no nation has ever done: build a modern industrialized economy, and bring light and power to its entire population, without dramatically increasing carbon emissions.

The wire and cable industry comprises 40% of the entire electrical industry, which is expected to double in size over the next five years. The industry is growing at a CAGR of 15% as a result of growth in the power and infrastructure segments. The

Sr. Manager - Sales & Marketing Rajendranath Prabhu Managers - Sales & Marketing Ansari Zulfikar Ali, Kishore Dusija Sales Team Ramiz Qureshi, Minas Patel Graphic Designer Hitesh Dingankar, Raju Iyer

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shift in fiber optic cables from the old jelly filled cables in the telecom sector has increased the requirement of MDPE/HDPE in place of LDPE. There is also a shift from LDPE to LLDPE due to cost constraints of LDPE.

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Afzal Kamal Electronics Engr.

Editor-in-chief Have an insightful reading.

Your suggestions are most welcome!

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Editor: Er. Afzal Kamal

October-November 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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Content

www.electricalpowerinfo.com

Interviews/expert views

20 Capacitor

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32

Deepak Patni

Vishal Tibrewala Tibcon Capacitors

42 Wire & Cable 50

70

Amol Kalsekar

Hartek Singh

ICA India

Hartek Group

Product Line

78 Energy

Deep Sea Electronics plc.........................................................................90 DEIF India Pvt. Ltd....................................................................................96 ElMeasure India Pvt. Ltd...........................................................................64 ERDA.......................................................................................................72 Geissel India............................................................................................54 IEEMA......................................................................................................56 K-Lite Industries......................................................................................36 Lanxess India Private Ltd.........................................................................52 Madhav Capacitors Pvt Ltd......................................................................38 Megger....................................................................................................86 Schneider Electric India...........................................................................66 Synthesis Winding Technologies Pvt. Ltd..................................................34 V A Marathe.............................................................................................39

And....

Editor’s Note.............................................................................................. 2 News....................................................................................................6-18 Index to Advertisers............................................................................... 102 Subscription.......................................................................................... 103

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news at glance

AXIS Q61-E Network Camera Series wins prestigious Good Design Award 2015

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xis Communications has received recognition from the Japanese Institute of Design Promotion for its AXIS Q61-E PTZ Dome Network Camera Series. The cameras feature a unique dome geometry allowing operators to identify objects as much as 20° above the horizon.

Axis Communications, the market leader in network video, has been honored with the prestigious Good Design Award 2015 for its AXIS Q61-E PTZ Dome Network Camera Series. The Good Design Award, also known as G Mark Award, from the Japanese Institute of Design Promotion is a mark of excellence and gives recognition to innovative product design. It dates back to 1957 as the sole comprehensive design evaluation and commendation system in Japan.

Renewable Integration to Drive an $8.3 billion GridConnected

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he grid-connected utilityscale battery storage market is expanding rapidly, driven by impressive technological breakthroughs and growth in manufacturing capabilities.

The rising profile of the market has caught the attention of governments, which are now rolling out favorable policy initiatives such as subsidies, preferential tariffs and targets in core markets. Commercialization of utility-scale grid-connected solutions will accelerate after 2017, bringing huge opportunities for companies that have the technological capabilities to compete, as per Frost & Sullivan, Global Utility Scale, Grid-Connected Battery Energy Storage System Markets.

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SAM Consultant Facilitates $ 20 million to Azure Sunlight for Solar Power Project in India

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AM Consultant, the only Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) fund facilitator in India helped Azure Sunlight Pvt. Ltd., of India in borrowing $ 20 million for a project that comprises the development, financing, construction, operation and maintenance of an approximately 19 MW portfolio of rooftop solar generation systems (each, an “Individual Project” or combined, the “Individual Projects”) located in various cities throughout India.

Maximum security: with the digital radio data router Satellar XT5

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ith the “extended version” of the TCP/IP radio router Satellar, Satel now presents the long-awaited update of the legendary Satellar 2DS. Featuring an even more compact design, the XT5 enables transmitting power of 5 W and data transfer rates “over the air” of up to 230 kbps. As a transmission medium for TCP/IP information the UHF radio band (320 MHz – 520 MHz) of the Satellar XT5, with a range of 20 km and more, is an excellent alternative to the use of cellular and fibre optics networks.

October-November 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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news at glance

Sterling and Wilson to Construct 300 MW of Solar Power Plants in Egypt

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terling and Wilson, a leading Global Solar EPC with over 400 MW of solar projects operational, 498 MW under-construction and 251 MW order book across the Globe, aims to construct 300 MW Solar Photo-voltaic Projects in Egypt under its Feed-in-Tariff Program for Renewable Energy initiated by Ministry of Electricity & Renewable Energy. Sterling and Wilson has recently opened its international office at Cairo, capital of Egypt to capitalize on the current opportunities offered by this Program and provide its customized & cost effective Solar EPC Solutions. Having already won two Solar PV Projects of size 50 MW Bikesh Ogra, President, Sterling and each, Sterling and Wilson looks for- Wilson, Electrical & Solar Business ward to building another 200 MW in Egypt. It will be constructed for Consortiums of Solar Project Developers & IPPs qualified under Feed-in-Tariff program, at Solar Parks being developed by New & Renewable Energy Authority of Egypt at Ben Ban, Aswan & Zafarana.

Hindustan Power projects and IPPAI recognise Innovation in the power sector

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industan Power projects one of India’s leading integrated power producer –and IPPAI (Independent power producers association of India) jointly organised the 4th edition of the IPPAI Power Awards 2015.

Thisyear also witnessed the launch of the Award for Innovation that recognises an entity’s innovative contribution towards waste to energy, waste heat to energy, energy storage and other such energy efficiency related activities in the power sector. Elaborating on the efforts to boost innovation in the sector, Ratul Puri Chairman, Hindustan Powerprojects, said: “We need timely commissioning of new projects and also ensure revival of stranded capacity to meet India’s surging demand for power.

This can be achieved by innovative approach along with well planned risk mitigated approach hence we introduced this category to recognize the players who have been adopting this route.”

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CMI Limited acquires the facility of Danish company FL Smidth in Bawal, Haryana

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MI Limited, the leading BSE listed specialty cable manufacturing company, today announced the acquisition of the fully developed manufacturing facility of Danish company FL Smidth at Bawal, Haryana.

Spread over 11235 sq. yards with built up area of 67000 sq. ft, the facility is located in the Industrial area of IMT, Bawal and has all the necessary clearances and facilities for Industrial production. CMI Ltd. is investing INR 200 million on the acquisition and setting up of the facility at Bawal. This investment is expected to significantly augment the production capacity of the company. The company intends to start production in the new facility within this financial year.

Siemens Ltd. wins order worth Rs. 81 crore from Diesel Locomotive Works

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cope of work includes ssupply and supervision of installation and commissioning of AC-AC traction systems for Diesel Electric Locomotives. Siemens Ltd., announced that it has won a crucial order approximately worth Rs. 81 crore from Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW), Varanasi.

The scope of work for the project includes supply and supervision for installation and commissioning of AC-AC traction systems including Locomotive Controller for Diesel Electric Locomotives.

October-November 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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news at glance

Toshiba Wins Rs. 3436 crore EPC Contract for Harduaganj Ultrasupercritical Thermal Power Project from Uttar Pradesh Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd. (UPRVUNL) in Lucknow, India

Thermal Powertech Corporation India commences full commercial operation

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hermal Powertech Corporation India (TPCIL), which owns and operates a 1,320megawatt coal-fired power plant in Krishnapatnam in Andhra Pradesh’s SPSR Nellore district, has successfully commenced full commercial operation with the completion of its second and final 660-megawatt unit.

The approximately US$1.5 billion coal-fired power plant, which has a total capacity of 1,320 megawatts, has completed its first 660-megawatt unit in February 2015 and is already supplying 500 megawatts of power to the Andhra Pradesh and Telangana Power Distribution Companies under a 25-year power purchase agreement.

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oshiba Corporation (Tokyo: 6502) today announced that Toshiba JSW Power Systems Private Ltd. (Toshiba JSW), a Toshiba Group company based in Chennai, India has been awarded a full EPC Contract by Uttar Pradesh Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd. (UPRVUNL), wholly owned state thermal power utility with present generating capacity of 4933 MW. The value of the contract is over Rs.3436 crore (approx.USD520 million). Toshiba JSW will carry out Engineering, Procurement, Construction (EPC) of the entire thermal power plant, including civil and boiler island package to be completed within 48 month from the Contract award.

Compact Lamps bags Rs 50 Cr order from EESL to supply 9W LED Lamps

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ompact Lamps Private Limited, the leading manufacturers in the lighting industry which has recently launched their LED lighting brand ‘Orkus’ in Northern states, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and starting their sales operation in AP, Telangana and Kerala from next month, has bagged an order of Rs. 50 Cr from Energy Efficiency Services Ltd (EESL) for the supply of 9W LED (light emitting diode) lamps. A PSU in partnership with Ministry of Power supported on a large scale by BEE (Bureau of Energy Efficiency) for the LED revolution in India, the EESL has given this part contract to Compact Lamps for supplying these LED lamps to various areas in Andhra Pradesh and Kerala.

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news at glance

Global Power Transformers Market Value Will Reach $14 billion by 2020, says GlobalData

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he value of the global power transformers market will increase from $11.3 billion in 2015 to $14 billion by 2020, driven by the nine major markets of the US, China, India, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Japan, Germany, Canada and the UK, according to research and consulting firm GlobalData. The company’s latest report* states that growth will primarily be driven by extensive power plant capacity additions, economic growth, and the need to improve access to electricity in emerging economies, such as Asia-Pacific and the Middle East. Siddhartha Raina, GlobalData’s Senior Analyst covering Power says: “China is an attractive destination for power transformer companies, firstly because of the size of the grid, which is the largest in the world, and secondly thanks to substantial investment in the expansion and upgrade of the country’s grid infrastructure.

UL launches Specialized Solar Water Pump Testing Facility in Bangalore

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L (Underwriters Laboratories), a global safety science organization, launched their highly specialized Solar Water Pump testing facility in Bangalore, India. Equipped with highly sophisticated and robust test equipment, the facility is approved by MNRE to conduct testing of solar PV water pumps to be used in agricultural irrigation purposes within the country. This facility is capable of testing two pumps simultaneously at a time using Solar PV array simulators which reduces the testing time drastically to a day’s time. The facility is capable of testing both submersible (up to 10 HP) and surface pumps (1 HP).

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Inadequate Recycling Methods Point to Vast Unmet Need in Indian Electronic Waste Management Services Market, Finds Frost & Sullivan

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lectronic waste (e-waste) management is a lucrative segment in the overall waste management services market in India owing to the vast amounts of untreated e-waste piling up. As rapid economic growth stimulates consumer spending, the rise in the use of electronic devices is heightening e-waste generation and unlocking tremendous scope for recycling. However, a large base of informal recyclers monopolise the market. Deploying a multi-pronged approach that includes creating public awareness and collaborating with scrap dealers will help companies emerge from the shadow of the unorganised sector.

Scaling ‘Power for All’ at 2015 Clinton Global Initiative

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his week Power for All, a global campaign dedicated to promoting the fastest, most cost-effective and sustainable approach to universal energy access, and the Global Off Grid Lighting Association (GOGLA) announced a commitment to the Clinton Global Initiative (CGI) to recruit and train 100 new partners to join its coalition. “Distributed renewable energy (DRE) solutions are proving a cost-effective, faster and more sustainable way than traditional ‘steel in the ground’ approaches, of reaching the energy poor,” said Kristina Skierka, Founder and Campaign Director of Power for All. “While the DRE sector has experienced rapid growth in recent years, it has yet to be widely perceived as the core solution to achieving universal energy access.

October-November 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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news at glance

Wärtsilä launches innovative approach for hydropower & industrial plant operators

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ärtsilä Corporation, a global leader in complete lifecycle power solutions for the marine and energy markets, expands into a new market segment, offering a comprehensive package of seals, bearings and associated solutions to hydropower installations and industrial plants worldwide. Wärtsilä offers a wide portfolio of products and services to power plant owners and operators. By utilising Wärtsilä’s global engineering, manufacturing and service capabilities, the Hydro & Industrial services offering targets the specific needs of hydropower, tidal energy and offshore wind installations as well as mining, paper, oil & gas, water management and power generation industries.

Hartek Power commissions 66/11-KV substation in record time

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artek Power, one of India’s fastest growing Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) companies based in Chandigarh with expertise in executing high-voltage turnkey substations and power infrastructure projects, has once again demonstrated its expertise by commissioning a 66/11-KV substation on complete EPC basis at Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar in a record period of 78 days. Going by industry standards, it usually takes four-five months to complete a 66/11-KV substation. Hartek Power has set a new benchmark by commissioning this project in nearly half the time.

South Africa and China Boosting Global Concentrated Photovoltaic Market by 2020, says GlobalData

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lobal Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) installed capacity will increase more than fourfold from 282.5 Megawatts (MW) in 2014 to reach 1.3 Gigawatts (GW) by 2020, across the seven major markets of the US, China, South Africa, Australia, Portugal, Italy and Spain, according to research and consulting firm GlobalData.

China and the US are the largest CPV markets globally, South Africa is expected to make a significant impact on the global arena over the course of the forecast period.

Axis offers a cost-efficient, highly discreet four-camera surveillance solution for retail and office market

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XIS F34 Surveillance System is an easy-to-install, highly discreet fourcamera surveillance system that is ideal for small stores and offices. The solution comes with all the necessary hardware and software for a complete and integrated remote video monitoring and management system.

Axis introduces a cost-efficient, highly discreet four-camera surveillance solution with a complete hardware and software package.

Axis Communications, the world leader in network video, today adds AXIS F34 Main Unit to its flexible and modular AXIS F Series. Together with previously launched products, the company is now able to introduce AXIS F34 Surveillance System, a complete hardware and software package that allows for easy setup of a highly discreet HDTV surveillance system covering four closely situated indoor areas.

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news at glance

New generation Leroy-Somer LSA 46.3 & LSA 49.3 alternators launch

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eroy-Somer Electric Power Generation in Emerson today announced the launch of two new Leroy-Somer products that will renew the brand offering in the 180-1000 kVA power range.

The Leroy-Somer LSA 46.3 180 - 365 kVA (400V - 50Hz) generator features an improved power density over its predecessor, the LSA 46.2. The bulk of the body has been significantly reduced thanks to an innovative and improved air cooling system, and an integration of the excitation system in the main body of the machine. The new design of the connection box allows

for a quicker wiring of the machine and easier access to key electronics for maintenance.

The Leroy-Somer LSA 49.3 660 – 1000 kVA (400V - 50Hz) alternator also benefits from a reduced footprint, with enhanced electromechanical performances.

The electrical performances of the LSA 49.3 have also been increased, with an efficiency now up to 95% and a high motor starting capability. The LSA 49.3 terminal box has been optimized for faster deployment and to provide a better support to the latest generation of digital regulators.

Siemens Ltd. wins order worth Rs. 97 crore from NTPC Solar Lighting in Developing Countries Expands to $300 Millionper Year Industry

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ver 13 million off-grid quality verified solar products have been sold to date in developing countries, representing a new market worth $300 million annually.In Africaalone, sales havetripled in the last three yearsproviding affordable, clean modern lighting for 35 million rural Africans,according to a new report to be released later this month by the World Bank Group and the Global Off-Grid Lighting Association (GOGLA), in partnership with Bloomberg New Energy Finance.

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Scope of work involves Modernization of Controls and Instrumentation iemens Ltd. announced that, together with its parent company Siemens AG, it has won an order totalling approximately Rs. 183 crore from NTPC Ltd. The component of Siemens Ltd. in the order is approximately Rs. 97 crore.

The scope of work includes modernization as well as maintenance of Controls and Instrumentation at NTPC’s Dadri Power Gas Station. The solution delivers improved plant availability, quick reaction in critical situations, integrated workflows, smooth and reliable day-to-day I&C operation, ergonomic design and integration of further applications among other benefits.

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NEC Class 2 Approval for Murrelektronik’s MICO

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urrelektronik’s MICO protective modules for UL508A control cabinets are a proven solution for intelligent power distribution and efficient branch circuit’s protection. 8 different MICO modules are now NEC Class 2 approved, so you can efficiently design your power distribution scheme. Class 2 Circuits are circuits with limited energy and a maximum power of 100 VA. According to the NEC & UL definition, class 2 circuits limit the risk of electrical fires and electric shocks due to their limited energy.

Therefore, according to UL508A standard (for control cabinets), any component used and attached devices on the branch circuit in a Class 2 circuit don’t require investigation. So far, an individual NEC Class 2 approved power supply was used to create a class 2 circuit and it required a lot of space. This method wasn’t cost effective and caused a lot of wiring and planning effort.

October-November 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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news at glance

Inox Wind Commissions 220 KV Sub-station and 116MW Capacityin Gujarat Infrastructure facility for 400 MW power evacuation Capacity Commissioning for marquee clients like Sembcorp Green Infra, Tata Power and Gujarat Alkalies& .Dheeraj Sood Head- Investor Chemicals Ltd. ind Limited, India’s leading wind energy solutions Relations,Inox Group provider, is pleased to announce the commissioning of of Companies the 220 KV sub-station and transmission line at its Rojmal site in Gujarat. The sub-station is part of the common infrastructure facility at the site and is capable of supportingpower evacuation of 400 MW. Inox Wind’s Rojmal site is one of the largest wind farms in the state of Gujarat with a capacity of 400 MW. With the commissioning of the common power evacuation infrastructure at Rojmal, Inox Wind ishappy to announce the commissioningof projects of a cumulative capacity of 116 MW for its clients SembcorpGreen Infra,Tata Power, and PSUs like Gujarat Alkalies and Chemicals Limited amongst others. n n

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Asun launches its first solar retail store on MG Road The store offers a live demo and ready to buy solar kits up to 5KW’s he recent Draft policy and inclination towards solar energy supported by government initiatives have prompted private players in the industry to provide customized solutions in solar power generation. Asun Solar Pvt Ltd a renowned name in the solar industry is launching a retail store situated just next to Gitorni Metro Station which will be selling small solar Kits ranging from 1.5KW to 5KW’s that are ready to install in 48 hours.

Asun being one of the industry leaders of Rooftop EPC projects in North India, have integrated these kits by offering top quality Tier I Solar panels and worlds top inverters by SMA, Germany. These equipments are mounted on modular structure that can be easily installed in almost every kind of rooftop without even a single puncture on the roof.

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RPS Endurance is a robust, compact powerhouse with a rated power of up to 563 kWac for each inverter unit

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hanks to the further extended power range of single RPS Endurance units of up to 563 kWac at 50°C ambient temperature, the new features allows the effortless realization of 1MW+ tandem configurations with a common ac connection, paired with the best-in-class 15 % permanent overload capacity (up to 648 kWac) at reduced ambient temperatures. Constructed with a record footprint and designed for maximum productivity even in the toughest conditions, these ratings make the RPS Endurance a truly compact powerhouse.

Groundbreaking Agreement Signed between Green Building Groups USGBC and GBCI - and Delhi Metro New collaboration poised to greatly accelerate the LEED® certification of new and existing metro stations

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oday, the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), Green Business Certification Inc. (GBCI) and the Delhi Metrorail Corporation (DMRC) signed a groundbreaking agreement that will greatly accelerate the LEED (Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design) certification of new and existing metro

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stations across the country.

“Through this new collaboration, our organizations will work together to implement appropriate adaptations, regional credits or alternative compliance paths to incorporate the unique needs of metro installations and mass rapid transit systems for metro stations and depots within the LEED green building rating system,” said Mahesh Ramanujam, COO, U.S. Green Building Council and President, GBCI.

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cover story capacitor

Industrial Capacitor for reactors to reduce harmonics in energy T

he basic idea of a filter circuit is to make it respond to the current of one frequency and reject all other frequency components. At power frequency, the circuit should act as a capacitive load and improve the p.f. of the system.

The use of a reactor in series with the capacitors will reduce the harmonic effects in a power network, as well as their effect on other circuits in the vicinity, such as a telecommunication network. The choice of reactance should be such that it will provide the required detuning by resonating below the required harmonic, to provide a least impedance path for that harmonic and filter it out from the circuit.

Industrial power distribution system includes many kinds of non-linear loads, which produce the harmonics during energy conversion transition. The single-tuned passive filter is widely used to absorb the harmonics and attenuate its undesirable effect in the distribution system. However, the passive filter might be severely stressed, and sometimes even damaged, due to the absorption of harmonics.

The use of a reactor in series with the capacitors will reduce the harmonic effects in a power network, as well as their effect on other circuits in the vicinity, such as a telecommunication network. The choice of reactance should be such that it will provide the required detuning by resonating below the required harmonic, to provide a least impedance path for that harmonic and filter it out from the circuit.

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There is voltage rise on the capacitor when the single-turned harmonic filter is applied. When the capacitor voltage rose above the allowable limit, the expected life of the capacitor will considerably deteriorate. On the other hand, the reactor can experience the spike voltage even if the voltage and current of the capacitor are within the allowable limit, and this accumulated voltage stress of the reactor causes its premature fault. In this paper, we analyzed and compared the harmonic voltage and current of the reactor and capacitor in a single-tuned harmonic filter through the EMTP software and verified them with the experimental results. Keywords: Harmonics, Reactor, Capacitor, Resonance, Non-linear load In recent years, the modernization of industrial process and the sophistication of electrical equipment and machines have led to considerable development in power conversion applications.

Power conversion facilities such as uninterruptible power supply (UPS), rectifier, and adjustable speed drive (ASD) have been widely used in the power distribution system. These power conversion applications generate nonlinear current during the energy conversion process . When these non-linear loads are used in the user’s distribution system,

voltage and current waveform are distorted. In addition, when the voltage and current harmonics are continued, the power quality of systems is deteriorated and becomes unsteady . In order to obtain a stable and reliable system, there is a need for countermeasure such as passive or active filter. Passive filters including the reactor and capacitor have long been used to mitigate special harmonics and are recently utilized at power factor compensation applications. When series or parallel resonance exists in the circuit including the capacitor and reactor, the voltage magnification by parallel resonance has an effect on the insulation breakdown of the capacitor, and the high current by the series resonance may overheat the capacitors.

the modernization of industrial process and the sophistication of electrical equipment and machines have led to considerable development in power conversion applications. Power conversion facilities such as uninterruptible power supply (UPS), rectifier, and adjustable speed drive (ASD) have been widely used in the power distribution system. www.electricalpowerinfo.com Electrical & Power Info October-November 2015 20_23_Capacitor.indd 21

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cover story capacitor

Capacitor and Reactor of Passive Harmonic Filter Loads like arc furnaces, rectifier and inverter units, battery charging equipment, thyristor power converters, motor control equipment, and static reactive power compensators are non-linear and responsible for introducing the harmonic currents into the distribution network and elsewhere . Non-linear load generates a non-sinusoidal current from a sinusoidal source voltage.

The non-sinusoidal current can be resolved into various harmonic components. The flow of harmonic currents in the line impedance produces harmonic voltages along with the fundamental frequency voltage at all points in the system. A capacitor does not generate harmonics but easily absorb them. However, the reduced reactance of the capacitor to the higher frequencies magnifies the harmonic current in the circuit containing the capacitors.

Harmonic voltage at the point at which the capacitor is connected will provide harmonic-order currents in the capacitor since capacitor impedance decreases along with increasing frequency, i.e., capacitor bank acts as a sink to all harmonics. Capacitors are designed to withstand a reasonable amount of harmonics without detrimental effects. However, excessive harmonics at the capacitor bank leads to eventual failures of capacitor units . When capacitors for power factor correction are applied to a system where harmonic exists, they can cause excessive harmonic voltage and current problems, leading to damage and breakdown. Capacitors endure the greatest effect of voltage distortion . Even with a small amount of voltage distortion, they can overheat due to high RMS current. This is mainly caused by the capacitor’s impedance characteristic, which is inversely proportional to the frequency. Capacitors will also suffer from insulation failure because of excessive peak voltages, which can be as high as the arithmetic sum of the harmonics. The reactor is usually installed in series with a shunt connected capacitor bank to limit inrush current due to switching and to control the resonant frequency of the system by the addition of the capacitor.

The capacitor-reactor combination acts as power compensation equipment at power frequency and as a filter at fifth harmonic. The reactor is serially connected to the capacitor to absorb the harmonic current and limit the inrush current in the user power application.

The capacitor and reactor are the major elements of a passive filter, which serve to increase the impedance of the capacitor against harmonic and shift the parallel resonance frequency of the source. In addition, the

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The capacitor-reactor combination acts as power compensation equipment at power frequency and as a filter at fifth harmonic. The reactor is serially connected to the capacitor to absorb the harmonic current and limit the inrush current in the user power application. reactor absorbs a significant portion of the transient.

The reactor to the capacitor, which is designed to prevent system resonance, can be installed. It can also be designed to reduce the level of harmonics. With this application, a resonance phenomenon between network inductance and capacitor capacitance must be avoided.

Because passive filter is the most efficient and effective solution for harmonics problems, filter reactor is used in conjunction with capacitor bank to form a series-tuned harmonic filter circuit. This passive filter is generally installed in a shunt arrangement on the line side of the thyristor rectifier.

Analysis of Series and Parallel Resonances When a power system has a capacitor, there is a possibility that both a series and parallel resonance may be generated. Whereas series resonance results in extremely high harmonic currents, parallel resonance results in high voltages and currents, which can cause significant physical damage. Impedance scans are performed without applications connected to the system for a worst-case condition analysis to determine where the resonant conditions exist. They are developed for both normal and abnormal operating conditions, as well as for future expansions. Impedance scans primarily refer to the impedance versus frequency plot of the system looking from the harmonic current source. The impedance scan clearly shows the response of a system when capacitors are installed on the electrical system to form a part of a passive filter.

October-November 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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expert views deepak patni

Power Capacitorsan Industry overview

Overall size of the Indian market for 2014-15 was 35 GVAR for Low Voltage & 22 GVAR for Medium Voltage capacitors inclusive of exports.

Exports have grown substantially in last couple of years. Overall size of domestic market for Low Voltage & Medium voltage power capacitors stood at 544 Cr (approximately).

P Deepak Patni

ower Capacitors market in India is going through a transformation in last 3-4 years. Market for technologies like APP (All Polypropylene) is shrinking. Market for MPP capacitors and allied products like Reactors, Thyristor switches are expanding.

Home grown players who banked upon APP technology for couple of decades are required to revisit their product portfolio and look into other product lines (eg MPP capacitors, Reactors, Thyristor switches) for PF improvement which were not addressed by them earlier. Imports from Chinese manufacturers are limited and major part of Power Capacitor market is still untouched from influx of cheap imports.

Current Market trends At macro level, there are multiple trends which can be observed. n Increased awareness amongst end users for Harmonics: With improved focus on productivity, reduced downtime and overall of health of electrical network, customers have

With improved focus on productivity, reduced downtime and overall of health of electrical network, customers have become conscious towards Power Quality.

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become conscious towards Power Quality. It has resulted into increased demand for Detuned Filters (Reactors + Capacitors) for improving Power Factor in Harmonic rich environment.

It is also helping customers to get better life while avoiding amplification of Harmonics n Regulatory push for Harmonic mitigation & compliance to IEEE 5191992: Harmonics are generated by loads and pumped towards supply side. Due to increase in non-linear loads in electrical network, distribution companies are facing ill effects of Harmonics. Transmission lines are getting burdened, distribution transformers are getting overheated or burnt due to higher harmonics. Some of the electricity boards like TANGEDCO, MSEDCL have started measuring harmonics generated by users and also started penalizing in case harmonic generation is found more than the prescribed limit. This has resulted a sudden increase in demand of Active and Passive Harmonic Mitigation solution. n Government schemes for improving health of last mile power distribution: Some of the government funded initiatives like R-APDRP, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY) are fuelling growth of outdoor mounted capacitors in Low Voltage & Medium Voltage space. Through DDUGJY scheme government plans to spend 75,600 Cr for rural electrification. It will help Capacitor industry to grow further in coming years.

October-November 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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expert views deepak patni

With a commitment to improve power quality, Schneider Electric is pushing technology frontiers by introducing new & upgraded products.

Schneider Electric offers Low Voltage and Medium Voltage Capacitors for Reactive Power Compensation (PFC).

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Schneider Electric’s presence in the market, products & offering

terminals and compliance to ROHS & REACH standards.

Schneider Electric offers Low Voltage and Medium Voltage Capacitors for Reactive Power Compensation (PFC). It also offers high end solutions like Active Harmonic Filters and Hybrid VAR Compensators. Schneider electric has four manufacturing facilities in France, US, India and China catering to the global requirements in the field of power factor correction.

Being a global specialist in energy management, Schneider Electric has been investing in various initiatives for the improvement & better utilization of power, an important one being Reactive Power Compensation & Harmonic mitigation.

Schneider Electric entered Indian capacitor market through the acquisition of Meher Capacitors Pvt Ltd in 2009 and subsequently enhanced its commitment by setting up a state of the art manufacturing facility in Bangalore.

It became operational in Jan 2012 and from here, Schneider Electric is catering to almost 70 countries across the globe.

With a commitment to improve power quality, Schneider Electric is pushing technology frontiers by introducing new & upgraded products. Schneider Electric is innovating in Active Harmonic Filters (Range name: AccuSine PCS) by offering reduced losses, faster response and wide range of enclosure protections to meet requirements in demanding applications.

Similarly new range of Capacitors are launched (Range name: VarPlus Can) to meet diverse needs of the market with Horizontal/ Vertical mounting, Improved Clamptite

Future trends Capacitor industry is expected to remain fragmented in near future with multiple players from Domestic and Global market retaining their presence. Industry has not reached a level where consolidation can happen in near future.

Overall industry is having higher installed capacity and it is facing under utilization of the manufacturing facility. It has kept market prices under check and manufacturers are facing margin erosion due to increased costs.

Capacitor industry is expected to have conservative growth from core capacitor products. However, major growth engines are expected to be allied products like Detuned Reactors, Thyristor Switches, Automatic Power Factor correction relays and Active Harmonic Filters.

Source: IEEMA Capacitor Manufactures data

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10/19/2015 10:26:50 PM

cover story SUPER capacitor

Super capacitor the revolution in energy storing capacity

Carbon is typically the electrode of choice uper capacitors look much like conductive, and can easily be processed because it is chemically batteries from a distance, but, to contain a huge amount of internal upon closer inspection, are quite inert, electrically conductive, pores. The pore walls of these internal and can easily be different in internal construction and pores have an enormous total surface processed to contain a area that allows for a tremendous function. Unlike batteries that store electrical energy in chemical bonds, amount of energy to be “fit” into the huge amount of super capacitors store energy electro super capacitor, virtually comparable to internal pores.

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statically between a solid electrode and oppositely charged electrolyte ions that migrate towards the electrode when a potential is applied. This charged surface is analogous to the “capacitor” created between a child’s hair and a charged balloon held above.

In super capacitors, carbon is typically the electrode of choice because it is chemically inert, electrically

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stuffing a football field into the volume of a pea. Because the charge stored on this massive surface is not subject to the same thermodynamics as battery oxidation-reduction reactions, quick charging and discharging with minimal losses is achievable. This also causes super capacitors to outperform batteries at low-temperature extremes and have practically an unlimited number of charge-discharge cycles.

October-November 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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cover story SUPER capacitor

This is not the case for short-life lithium batteries that currently appear in cell phones and laptop computers.

Researchers have been working to make the smallest storage devices with the largest storage capacity. To make super capacitors a viable energy storage candidate in applications where size is paramount, such as for mobile devices, personal electronic devices, and specialized military applications, significant work has gone into optimizing the electrode materials to deliver maximum capacitance per unit

Cars would be able to run on electricity hours longer than those that already exist. You’re cell phone would be able to charge up in seconds and would last hours longer than today’s standards

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mass (so called, specific capacitance). This has led scientists to explore the carbon pore sizes of a wide variety of materials, such as coconut shells, phenolic resins, rice husk, and coal, as possible options for use in these storage devices. These materials are subsequently carbonized and oxidized (activated) at moderate temperatures to produce porous activated carbon.

Other avenues of research are directed at pursuing carbon nanotubes. All of these research avenues are geared towards finding a carbon with a pore structure precisely optimized for super capacitors.

This can be appreciated by considering that decreasing the size of these pores has the direct effect of increasing the surface area, leading to more area available for ion adsorption.

Let’s take a look at how revolutionary this really is by examining how capacitors work and what they are actually used for

in the world today. First off, a capacitor is sort of like a battery. It is a storage container that takes in energy and can be used later. We all know the problems of a battery though; they don’t last forever because they lose energy over time.

The good properties about a battery are they are portable and can store massive amounts of energy that can be slowly released over time. A capacitor has the exact opposite properties of a battery: it is able to quickly store energy but not very much of it. Batteries are commonly used today but capacitors are just as common if you know where to look. Take some time to like of where capacitor may be used. Think of something where you need a small bit of charge in case something shorts so that it has back up power in case of emergencies. The most common thing you may think of is a sound system in your car. These are usually large capacitors because of the amount of energy that is being produced by your sound system.

Batteries, as we know, are used in many different electronics today and are very useful for a short period of time.

Now, let’s take the properties of both batteries and capacitors and combine their best properties into one single entity.

The small light bulb that stayed on for five minutes, although it may not seem amazing, is revolutionary because of the amount of energy that could be stored in such a small amount of material.

Consider some of the things that could be revolutionized by a battery that could be easily charged and almost never lose that charge. Cars would be able to run on electricity hours longer than those that already exist. You’re cell phone would be able to charge up in seconds and would last hours longer than today’s standards.

The possibilities of this new form of gathering, storing, and releasing energy could spring the world into a whole new age of technology that could have never been reached. The world may see the first battery that may, almost, last forever.

October-November 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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interview Vishal Tibrewala

We give our prime most importance to maintaining Quality, Cost competitiveness, Timely delivery & Development of products for existing & new applications Vishal Tibrewala

Director – Marketing., Tibcon Capacitors

Please share with us the major changes that have taken place in the Capacitors market in India over the last three years?

In motor run Capacitors lot of new players are entering the market as entry barrier is reduced. Hence the competition in this segment is increasing day by day.

There are lot of changes happening in Capacitor Industry. In motor run Capacitors lot of new players are entering the market as entry barrier is reduced. Hence the competition in this segment is increasing day by day.

With the growing popularity of LED Lighting, the usage of mpp film capacitors is reduced in lighting sector.

In Power Factor Correction capacitors, growth opportunity looks brighter. More and more customers are aware about the necessity to improve power factor. The utility companies are also becoming stringent about the usage of Power Capacitors. The usage of APFC panels has improved in India. As the application is more critical, the presence of unorganized sector is also less in PFC Capacitor.

When looking at Capacitors sector, which aspects do you give importance to?

At TIBCON, we give our prime most importance to maintaining Quality, Cost competitiveness, Timely delivery & Development of products for existing & new applications. To maintain these we invested heavily on backward integration with most modern machines & automated testing equipment’s. We regularly update our plant and machinery to the new and latest technologies available to capacitor industry. This enables us to produce high quality products at the lowest possible cost and ensure time delivery to our customers even in peak season periods.

Which are the sectors that are driving growth in the capacitor market in India?

Well, with the growth of economy, there is good demand from the white good industries.

Improvement in real estate sector is giving growth in fan industry. We being the leaders in fan capacitors will be the direct beneficiary of real estate growth. The Lighting Capacitor demand is de-growing as the industry is moving towards to electronic ballast and LED lighting. There is good demand growth Power factor correction sector, as more and customers are getting aware about the importance of maintain the power factor.

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October-November 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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What are your suggestions to improve energy sector so that India can meet its growing power needs?

I would like to talk about this in point of view of Capacitors. In India, 70% of the population depends on agriculture.

Naturally, Agriculture is one of the biggest consumers of electricity. Now, in pump industry, even the best quality pump gives a power factor of only 0.75, whereas the ideal power factor requirement is 0.99.

So if our state utility companies can implement a project successfully to improve the power factor all the agricultural pumps to 0.95-0.99, the country will be able to save at least 20-25% electricity in this sector alone. Even if the Govt. bears the cost of Capacitors & installation, it will definitely make a sensible investment, in Power starving country like India.

In India some states like Punjab, Gujrat Etc. have implemented this successfully & the result can be seen.

Our sincere suggestion is that, the State Utility companies should create more awareness about the importance of Power Factor Improvement among farmers; so that they can give more power to farmers itself. The farmers should understand that, by improving the power factor, they will get more electricity for farming purpose itself. If we are able to convince the people that by improving power factor, they are helping themselves, the job will be done & it can be a great help to the power sector in the country as well as overall economy.

What is your business model? Do you work through channel partners?

Yes. We are present in all business segments like OEM &as well as replacement market.Our company hasan extensive network of distributors & wholesalers which caters to more than 25000 retailers across the country. In replacement market, we have equally strong presence across the country except in Central India. Hence now our focus is also more towards Central India as well as in tier 2 and tier 3 cities, which are growing rapidly. Similarly, we are improving our presence in white good industries as well as PFC Capacitors.

China, considered to be one of the Asian dark horses, has made an astounding progress in the capacitor industry, Your comment on that?

China is having a well-developed eco system. They have abundant capacity to produce BOPP film, which is the basic raw material in MPP Film Capacitors. They have also developed advanced technology in power electronics & dc link capacitors.

However, their localdemand for Capacitors is also very high & proportionate to their production. Hence in capacitor industry an unhealthy competition is yet to come from Chinese companies. Though, our eco system is still not developed like in China, we are able to compete with them globally, by improving our efficiencies & by maintaining quality standards. Globally, Indian capacitors are considered better in quality, & this perception is helping us to compete with them effectively.

How is your company planning to tackle the cost-versus- quality issue in India?

Agriculture is one of the biggest consumers of electricity. Now, in pump industry, even the best quality pump gives a power factor of only 0.75, whereas the ideal power factor requirement is 0.99.

Our philosophy is that, cost cannot be the onlycriteria in deciding quality of a product. By improving our efficiencies - in raw material procurement, technology development, better design capabilities, automated machineriesetc. we can control & balance between quality & cost. Even in global market, we are getting a good acceptance because we are able balance between the two successfully. www.electricalpowerinfo.com Electrical & Power Info October-November 2015 32_33_Tibcon_VishalTibrewala (Capacitor).indd 33

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product line Synthesis Winding Technologies pvt. ltd.

Latest Technology – New Product Development

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EDs (Light Emitting Diode) are being used in various facets of our daily lives, from TVs to Luminaries of various types (automobile to street light to display systems), LEDs have come to play a very significant role.

The principle component of an LED system is the LED driver which controls & regulatesthe overall performance of an LED system. An LED driver allows longer standby-power and increases the safety to the LED system& thereby increases life of the fixture.

According to ‘ElectroniCast’ reports, the worldwide total consumption value of HB-LED Driver ICs reached $1.79 billion in 2012. During the 2012-2019 timeline, the forecasts for the consumption value will grow at an average annual rate of 27% till the year 2019.

Synthesis has always taken que from the upcoming &latest technology trends in the electronics component industry in developing innovativewinding solutions, that add value to customer’s manufacturing infrastructure enabling them to aggressively compete on quality, cost & delivery.

Synthesis has now embarked upon developing winding machines specifically to wind coils of LED drivers, with features that are aimed at bulk production of LED driver coils. These are high speed multi-spindle machines having capabilityto handle dual wires simultaneously (2 wires of different diameters)

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with added features like automatic insulation taping& auto load and unload of bobbins/coils. The precise tension on the wires is achieved through custom built ‘Electromagnetic Tensioners’.

Synthesis has been developing this application specific winding solution to provide customersvalue added advantages like ……… ➢High Productivity (reduced cycle time), ➢Process Automation (least manual interruption)and ➢Product Quality Consistency (Repeat high output quality of the coil).

These machines are also suitable to wind relay coils, solenoid coils, small power transformer coils, E&I core transformer coils, Etc... For more information on winding machines, please contact us at marketing@synthesisindia.com.

Other Products of Synthesis: n Transformer winding machines n Armature winding machines n Automatic multi-spindle machines n Semi-automatic winding machines n Automatic stator winding machines n Special purpose machines

October-November 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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product line

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10/21/2015 8:11:34 PM

product line Madhav Capacitors Pvt Ltd

Continuous upheaval in the capacitor industry

D.M Tagare

Chairman, Madhav Capacitors Pvt Ltd

1. There is a continuous upheaval in the capacitor industry. At the beginning there were a number of small scales industries 2. There was Capacitor manufactures who had developed simple working/Testing equipment’s.

They catered mostly to localized requirements.

They were pushed out by larger corporations like Crompton, Keltron etc. Eventually these have also been pushed out by organized large sized corporations like EPCOS. This relates to tubular capacitors. The roll out has eclipsed L.T.KVAR & medium voltage capacitors manufacturers in small /medium sectors. At the high end there are only a few players & presently they are safe.

3. The main sectors are electricity boards with their distribution arms-that is where the large requirement is. There is a sustained demand for capacitors on water projects. It is continues & steady. This is followed by industrial demand mainly the Low/Medium voltage sector.

4. We are also solo workers-Stalking our fortunes on our presence in capacitors for over the last 60 years. It covers both quality and satisfactory

service after sales.

5. We have no online tutorials. However we conduct annual one conferences on “Meet your Capacitor” at number of places in India.

6. Chinese Capacitor manufactures have to be watched.

I. They have local suppliers in case of all raw materials.

II. They have a guaranteed, guided and direct home market which by itself is very large.

III. They cannot/do not compete with us in keeping good customer relations in India.

IV. Their presence in capacitor market in India is negligible Madhav Capacitors Pvt Ltd Regd. Off & Factory B-5-2, M.I.D.C Indutrial Estate Bhosari, Pune-411026 (INDIA) Phone:91-20-27152360,27122762 Fax: 91-20-30622265 Email:mcp160@bsnl.in/mcpl@vsnl.net Dbt2360@gmail.com

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product line V A Marathe

All types of Capacitor Raw Material

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Vilas Marathe

e are the indenting agents working as Overseas Manufacturers’ Representatives and Agents and in that capacity, we represent various Foreign manufacturers for their various products.

We are the 3rd generation and Mr. Vilas Marathe has an experience of 37 years working in this field and ar e very well versed in this field.

We are situated in Mumbai which is the business/Economic capital of India.

We are in a position to offer all types of Capacitor Raw Material required to manufacture Capacitors / Condensors such as : 1) Plain Aluminium Foil from China 2) Hazy Polypropylene film from Japan 3) Plain Polypropylene film for metallisation from Japan.

4) PXE Oil from China 5) Metallised film / paper from South Korea 6) Condensor / Capacitor Tissue Paper (Dielectric Paper) from U.S. A.

Capacitor Grade Al. Foil V A Marathe 216, Kanara Business Centre, A Wing, Off. Ghatkopar-Andheri Link Road, Laxmi Nagar, Ghatkopar (East), Mumbai 400 075, India Tel: +91-22-25008845/46 Fax: +91-22-2500747. Mob: 9820083472 E-mail: vamarathe@vsnl.com / vilas@vamarathe.com

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SPECIAL feature WIRE & cable

New Vistas in Nanotube Cable technology: Nanotube is as good as copper The advance could make cars and airplanes lighter, and renewable energy more practical.

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reating highly electrically conducting cables from macroscopic aggregates of carbon nanotubes, to replace metallic wires, is still a dream. Here we report the fabrication of iodine-doped, double-walled nanotube cables having electrical resistivity reaching ~10−7 W.m. Due to the low density, their specific conductivity (conductivity/weight) is higher than copper and aluminum and is only just below that of the highest specific conductivity metal, sodium. The cables exhibit high current-carrying capacity of 104âˆź105 A/cm2 and can be joined together into arbitrary length and diameter, without degradation of their electrical properties. The application of such nanotube cables is demonstrated by partly replacing metal wires in a household light bulb circuit. The conductivity variation as a function of temperature for the cables is five times smaller than that for copper. The high conductivity nanotube cables could find a range of applications, from low dimensional interconnects to transmission lines.

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Earlier Research have made carbon-nanotube electrical cables that can carry as much current as copper wires.

These nanotube cables could help carry more renewable power farther in the electrical grid, provide lightweight wiring for more-fuel-efficient vehicles and planes, and make connections in low-power computer chips.

Making lightweight, efficient carbon nanotube wiring as conductive as copper has been a goal of nanotechnologists since long time. Individual carbon nanotubes—hollow

These nanotube cables could help carry more renewable power farther in the electrical grid, provide lightweight wiring for more-fuelefficient vehicles and planes, and make connections in low-power computer chips. nanoscale tubes of pure carbon—are mechanically strong and an order of magnitude more conductive than copper. But unless carbon nanotubes are put together just so, larger structures made from them don’t have the superlative properties of the individual tubes.

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SPECIAL feature WIRE & cable

The group’s nano cables boast a combination of properties that’s so far unprecedented. They’re mechanically strong, yet flexible enough to be knotted or woven together into long lengths of wire.

The process of making nano cables begins with a lump of doublewalled nanotubes that have been treated to remove impurities. The researchers add sulfuric acid to the nanotubes so they can spread them into a thin film.

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Years of tinkering in the lab to find the right assembly techniques and ingredients have enabled . finally make carbon nanotube cables as good as copper cables. The group’s nano cables boast a combination of properties that’s so far unprecedented.

They’re mechanically strong, yet flexible enough to be knotted or woven together into long lengths of wire. They carry about 100,000 amps of current per square centimeter of material, about the same amount as copper wires, but weigh one-sixth as much. They outperform copper on a metric called current density, which means they should be able to carry more electricity over longer distances without losing energy to heat—a problem with today’s electrical grid, and with computer chips. And because they’re made of carbon, not metal, they don’t corrode.

Carbon nanotubes vary in their conductivity, length, and number of layers. The Rice group found that what worked best were relatively long, double-walled nanotubes provided by collaborators.Electrons move through individual nanotubes very quickly, but current slows down

when the electrons must jump from nanotube to nanotube. The longer the nanotubes, the fewer such jumps the electrons have to make in a given length of wire.

The process of making nano cables begins with a lump of double-walled nanotubes that have been treated to remove impurities. The researchers add sulfuric acid to the nanotubes so they can spread them into a thin film.

They then grasp the edge of the film with tweezers to start making a fiber, and pull with a steady force to yield a long cable—similar to how wool yarn is made by pulling and twisting fleece.

They rinse the acid from the cable and expose it to iodine vapor at high temperatures. The iodine penetrates into the nanotubes within the cable and increases the cable’s conductivity without compromising its mechanical properties. And the Rice group has shown that conductivity isn’t affected when the cables are knotted together to make greater lengths.

To demonstrate that cables made in this way can transmit a standard line voltage, they used one to connect a fluorescent light bulb to a wall socket and left the light on for days.w

October-November 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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SPECIAL feature WIRE & cable

market scenario The wire and cable industry comprises 40% of the entire electrical industry, which is expected to double in size over the next five years. The industry is growing at a CAGR of 15% as a result of growth in the power and infrastructure segments.

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he wire and cable industry comprises 40% of the entire electrical industry, which is expected to double in size over the next five years. The industry is growing at a CAGR of 15% as a result of growth in the power and infrastructure segments. It is expected to grow at similar rate for the next five years. The government’s emphasis on the power sector reforms and infrastructure will further drive growth.

Wire and cables plays an important part in our surrounding.

A cable is two or more wires running side by side and bonded, twisted or braided together to form a single assembly. In mechanics cables, otherwise known as wire ropes, are used for lifting, hauling and towing or conveying force through tension. In electrical engineering cables used to carry electric currents. An optical cable contains one or more optical fibers in a protective jacket that supports the fibers.

Whether it is steel ropes ,cables, springs or screws, the products of the wire, cable and wire –processing industry are practically everywhere. They may look unassuming, but they are indispensable when it comes to the transmission of electric power or electronic data, and they assure that mechanical systems function well. The technological and economic development of a society is closely connected with the wire and cable industry and its suppliers. Since basically all areas of life rely on wire and the products that are manufactured from wire, and while their property potential is seemingly not yet exhausted, the wire, cable and wire processing industry is constantly faced with new challenges. In order to meeting these challenges it require machinery, tooling, accessories, ancillary equipment and services that are as efficient as possible in their utilization of energy and raw materials, and which produce as little waste as possible during startup and production.

Wires and cables sector basically consists of two areas: power and telecommunication. Power cables are PVC or PE clad, while the cables for telecommunication sector are based on PE (Polyethylene). Power cables are of 3 types depending on the intensity of power. Low-tension sector requires cables upto 1.1 KV and predominantly uses PVC insulation and jacketing. The medium tension power cables between 1.1 KV and 11 KV are based on PE as well as PVC. The high tension sector beyond 11 KV uses PE only. The low tension cables are used for tertiary distribution of power mainly from substations to buildings.

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SPECIAL feature WIRE & cable

PVC has a very significant share, almost 65% of the total plastics in the elastomeric wire and cable industry. Major consumption is in the power sector, where PVC, on account of its excellent mechanical properties, is the most cost effective solution.PVC has almost 62% share, Polyethylenes have 31% share, all the remaining polymers have only 7% share.

Housing sector requires many other products for myriad applications. The medium tension cables generally use cross linkable PE compounds while the high-tension cables use continuous vulcanization cables made from PE (LDPE). Electrical power cables used for transmission and distribution purposes consist of conductors stranded from plain high conductivity annealed copper wires insulated with oil impregnated paper tapes. Aluminium conductors have progressively come into use.

PVC has a very significant share, almost 65% of the total plastics in the elastomeric wire and cable industry. Major consumption is in the power sector, where PVC, on account of its excellent mechanical properties, is the most cost effective solution.PVC has almost 62% share, Polyethylenes have 31% share, all the remaining polymers have only 7% share. While telecom sector predominantly uses Polyethylene cables, the power cables, particularly in the lower voltage sector, continue to be dominated by PVC. Cross-linked PE cables are increasingly being used for medium and high voltage cables; Conventional cross linked PE along with Silane cross linked systems comprise almost 12-13% of the polymer requirement. Another area where PE cables are growing at a faster pace, is Low Smoke & Flame Zero Halogen cables for power supply in pubic places, where newer standards exert a demand on these types of cables as against PVC flame retardant cables.

The shift in fiber optic cables from the old jelly filled cables in the telecom sector has increased the requirement of MDPE/ HDPE in place of LDPE. There is also a shift from LDPE to LLDPE due to cost constraints of LDPE. The newer LLDPE grades perform better in the wire and cable sector compared to the conventional Butene based LLDPE. The wire and cable industry has moved from being a small industry 20 years back to a very large industry over the last decade. Although it is a volume-driven product, it has a lot

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The shift in fiber optic cables from the old jelly filled cables in the telecom sector has increased the requirement of MDPE/HDPE in place of LDPE. There is also a shift from LDPE to LLDPE due to cost constraints of LDPE. The newer LLDPE grades perform better in the wire and cable sector compared to the conventional Butene based LLDPE.

of quality and technical particulars. Over a period of time, the industry has moved from the un organised to the organised sector. However, about 35% of this industry is still in the un organised sector. Requirements like brand and quality perception are key in this Rs 15,000 crore industry. The wire and cables industry predominantly provides challenging opportunities in the field of manufacturing , supply chain, procurement, marketing and HR. This industry is currently undergoing a major change and portends huge opportunity for upcoming professionals and will give them a first hand experience on subjects like techno-marketing , brand building, Six-Sigma , just-in-time manufacturing , etc.

October-November 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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interview Amol Kalsekar, ICA India

Wires and Cables are integral components of Electrical & Power, Infrastructure, Real Estate and IT industries which are key for the development of the ‘100 Smart Cities’ in India How do you rate the performance of Wire & Cable especially with regard to Copper which is used in Wire & Cable Sector?

The wire & cable market in India has come a long way, from being a small industry to a very large one, over the past decade. Although the industry comes with a lot of technical and quality nuances, it is mostly volume driven. Over the last twenty years, the industry has shifted from being an unorganized sector to an organized one, although 35% of the industry continues to be a part of the unorganized sector.

Wires and Cables are integral components of Electrical & Power, Infrastructure, Real Estate and IT industries which are key for the development of the ‘100 Smart Cities’ in India.The electrical conductivity of copper is second only to silver and is 65% better than Aluminium, which makes it a preferred metal for wire& cable industry. Copper being harder, stronger and more ductile, expands less and does not flow at terminations and consequently does not require periodic inspection and tightening of screws. Higher copper content in transformers improves energy performance and consequently lowers lifecycle costs in most cases.

Amol Kalsekar Chief Manager Building Wire, International Copper Association India (ICA India)

What are the key technological trends that are driving wires & cables industry?

New technologies and extensive research and development are making it possible to drive continuous demand for the wire & cable industry. Development in terms of optical fiber cables, fire-resistant wires and cables is expected to continue to develop, assisting the transition toward underground wires and cables. Products with superior technologies such as broader range application equipment and electricity saving will continue to find a deeper penetration in the Indian wire & cable market. The GDP generated from construction will grow at a CAGR of 6.0% during FY’2015-FY’2019. As a direct outcome of Indian government’s spending on development of infrastructure, the number of roads and highways is expected to increase in the next five years. Furthermore, government’s spending on enhancing the real estate sector is expected to make the pool of consumers of wires and cables grow exponentially, which will be conducive to the revenue generated by wires and cables market in India.

What is your assessment of the Cable sector in terms of growth in demand and consumption over the next three years?

The wire and cable industry comprises 40% of the entire electrical industry, which is expected to double in size over the next five years. This industry is growing at a CAGR of 15% as a result of growth in the power and infrastructure segments and we are expecting a similar growth rate for the next three years.

The increasing importance of power, light and communication has kept demand high for wire and cable. According to a research, the wire and cable market has been growing steadily and is expected to touch INR 572 billion by year 2018. This trend will continue as demand for reliable, efficient energy and data communications will strengthen the wire and cable industry. This means the demand for electrical and allied equipment is enormous and the opportunities for the wire & cable industry are tremendous.

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So what steps need to be taken to meet the growing demand of cable and prevent a demand –supply mismatch?

To the best of our knowledge, the wire market finds it most challenging to fulfill the increased demand for future. But they have already taken steps to bridge the gaps and issues by optimizing the resources to meet the ever increasing demand for future.

International prices of copper are seen rising very sharply over the years. They are also known to be volatile. How do you deal with the situation?

NA What are your green initiatives?

ICA India conducts various programs in the interest of Electrical Safety, Energy Efficiency and Sustainability. Employing a mix of market development and regulation advocacy approach to encourage the use of copper.

Thereby, accelerating changes and transforming the long-term markets for Copper in a sustainable way through initiatives such as: n Encourage safe house wiring practices in the Building Construction sector n Increase awareness of Power Quality through Asia Power Quality Initiative Platform n Propagate the use of Energy Efficient Motors for energy savings in Industries n Promote 5 mm Microgroove Copper Tube heat exchangers technology to OEMs n Promote the use of High Energy Efficient Motors and Copper Motor Rotors to Industries n Reduce distribution losses in the Power sector through the use of low loss Distribution Transformers n Encourage Renewable Energy Technologies like solar water heaters China is considered a potential competitor to India in Electrical sector; how well is India poised to take on the global challenge?

Rise in investment in infrastructure, high requirements for technology and promising profit rate in developing countries are stimulating the market growth of wire and cable industry.

The wire and cable industry has seen constant growth in China with year on year demand and great market potential.

In India, the wire and cable industry has witnessed a growth in recent years on account of rising demand fueled by domestic factors such as government expenditure on infrastructure, increase in level of investment, rising level of disposable income, technological advancement, electricity consumption and others. According to an international report, the Indian wires and cables market revenues have grown at a CAGR of 16.4% from 2009-2014.

Rise in investment in infrastructure, high requirements for technology and promising profit rate in developing countries are stimulating the market growth of wire and cable industry

www.electricalpowerinfo.com To advertise call 022-2645 2920 /01/ 02/ 03 022-2643 0319 Email:info@erafamemedia.com marketing@erafamemedia.com

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product line Lanxess India Private Ltd.

New EVM rubber for reduced mixing times

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pecialty chemicals company LANXESS is launching a new family of pre-crosslinked EVM rubbers, in the form of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers of the Levapren PXL series. These have been developed specifically for rapid processing in particularly cost-effective, continuous mixing processes – using Buss co-kneaders, for instance, or twin-screw extruders. Among other things, the free-flowing granules are ideal for reducing mixing times when producing particularly high-quality hoses or cable sheathings. Samples of the new ethylene vinyl acetate rubbers have already been made available to the first customers. The first grades to be available are 500 PXL, 600 PXL, 700 PXL and 800 PXL, with vinyl acetate contents of between 50 and 80 percent. The properties of vulcanizates produced using Levapren PXL are similar to those made using conventional EVM rubbers from LANXESS.

Processing advantages “Standard Levapren grades have a much lower Mooney viscosity than many other synthetic rubbers,” says EVM specialist Jörg Stumbaum from the High Performance Elastomers business unit at LANXESS. “This brings several advantages – for instance, fewer plasticizers or even none at all are needed for EVM processing. However, some users require EVM rubbers with somewhat higher viscosity. For some time now, we have been able to offer these customers our precrosslinked Levapren XL grades.”

However, the technical conditions of the radiation crosslinking process used in the production of these grades mean they have to be mixed very well if the surface of the

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extrudates has to meet particularly high quality standards. “We have therefore long been looking for an alternative crosslinking technology, and have now found the solution in reactive extrusion,” says Stumbaum.

In this process, the polymer is pre-crosslinked with very small amounts of peroxide – although it is ensured that the product does not contain any traces of the crosslinking agent at a later stage. The process ensures that all Levapren PXL granules have the same crosslinking density. The result is freeflowing EVM granules that are quick and easy to process in an internal mixer or in continuous mixing processes and deliver exceptional flow properties – this is reflected, for example, in the particularly high surface quality of the extrudates. The rubbers in the Levapren PXL series also provide much higher green strength than standard and XL grades. “This can increase process reliability in the production of feeding strips for the extruder, for instance,” says Stumbaum. “And the increased creeping strength can also have benefits for hose and profile extrusion.” What’s more, the new Levapren PXL grades from LANXESS are much less susceptible to blocking even after long-term storage, which keeps the material free-flowing.

“Levapren PXL is a pre-crosslinked EVM grade that we have developed specifically for quick and cost-effective processing in continuous production. This technology is set to become increasingly important – and not just for SMEs in the rubber processing industry,” says Stumbaum. “We are also aiming to extend the user group to processors of rubber and plastics who have not been able to work with Levapren until now. Thanks to Levapren PXL, versatile EVM rubber has now become even more flexible.”

October-November 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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product line Geissel India

Geissel India – German Quality Produced In India G eissel India is an established name in India as a supplier of cable glands and electrical wiring accessories since many years. The 100% German owned & family run Company since 1920, manufactures goods as per exacting German standards and has created a niche for itself in the Indian electrical market with its International Class Products.

The “Geissel” brand of cable glands is well known and accepted worldwide. Products include cable glands in brass, polyamide and stainless steel S.S 303(1.4305) & S.S. 316 TI (1.4571) – according to RoHS standards, in IP 54, IP 68 and EMC - upto cable dia of 116 mm with all kinds of threads, i.e. Pg, metric and inch. Other products are plugs, reducers, enlargements, lock nuts, etc.

Three recently introduced products from the Geissel stable have created an impact in the Indian electrical market: Double compression cable glands, Conduits and Conduit glands.

Double Compression cable glands: The first of its kind in the Indian market with IP 68 and only three sizes to suit cable dia from 12 – 34 mm. Introduced just over a year ago, discerning customers have praised the product for its design, easy application and convenience of only three sizes. Designed and engineered in Germany, but manufactured in India, customers of International repute are finding many advantages in using these glands over others.

Conduits & Conduit glands: The conduits are available in galvanized steel as well as PVC coating on galvanized steel in grey and black colours. Complementing them are the conduit glands which fit the conduits perfectly. The design and application is simple and customers get a one-stop solution to their needs for conduits and the ease in fitting them.

Geissel has also achieved success in their EMC glands.

Available in brass with nickel plating in metric as well as Pg threads, these glands are very user-friendly. Customers of international repute have appreciated this simple but effective design.

To promote and exhibit its products, Geissel has taken part in numerous exhibitions since the past six years, in India and abroad.

Geissel India’s USP is the availability of all products ex-stock from their factory in Pune.

For more information: Email: info@geissel-india.com Web: www.geissel.com

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product line IEEMA

Mr Babu Babel takes over as President, IEEMA for 2015-16 IEEMA also announced the appointment of other office bearers – Mr Sanjeev Sardana, Managing Director, Yamuna Power and Infrastructure Ltd and Ms Indra Prem Menon, President and CEO, of Lakshmanan Isola Private Ltd as Vice Presidents for the year 2015-16 Babu Babel, President, IEEMA

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ndian Electrical & Electronics Manufacturers’ Association (IEEMA) - the apex association of the Indian electrical equipment manufacturing industry – is pleased to announce Mr Babu Babel as its President for the year 2015-16.

Mr Babel serves as Joint Managing Director of Secure Meters Ltd, where he is a part of the founding team. He has contributed significantly towards the acceptance of electronic metering and improved revenue realization in India.

Mr. Babel was primarily responsible for steering Secure Meter’s growth in the International markets and bringing laurels by achieving most challenging goals. He helped the company win Queen’s award for exports.

As the head of the Energy team, Mr Babel was instrumental in identifying and opening new markets, such as Malaysia and Australia. Building a team is his forte which he continues to do in his role as JMD of Secure Meters. While he was the Managing Director of Secure Meters, UK in the late 90’s and early 2000’s, Babu was instrumental in developing a market for several high value added products and solutions. Prior to starting Secure Meters, Babu worked in UK as MD of PRI for 12 years.

Talking about the priority areas to focus on in his new role as President

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IEEMA, he says, “We will work on an agreed strategic road map to carry the major industry issues forward. The key goal is to make the Association relevant for its members and help the industry contribute to the collective national targets in power sector. This will involve increased communications right from sharing strategic road map to regular updates on key activities. We will have an integrated approach with various divisions to effectively represent the industry at various Government Policy & Regulatory bodies and Standards Committees. IEEMA will continue providing assistance to the Central and State Governments in their efforts to improve the T&D networks and reduce losses. We will continue the Utility outreach programs and support the SME and non-Utility Segments in the Electrical Industry as required. “ Commenting on the appointment, Mr. Sunil Misra, Director General, IEEMA said, “I am glad to have Mr. Babel join us at the Association. His outstanding professional credentials and extensive international experience make him exceptionally well placed to provide leadership to IEEMA at this important juncture. He is very well known in the Industry for his work with Utilities & across Electrical Equipment spectrum and people management.”

October-November 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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product line TÜv SÜd

TÜV SÜD regulatory compliance updates No.

Segment

Product

“Standard Certification)”

Region

Technical Regulatory Compliance Information

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Electrical and Electronics

Low voltage products

“2014/30/EU (CE Marking)”

Worldwide

“The new Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC has been published on the OJEU L 153, 22.5.2014, p. 62–106. It will be applicable from 13 June 2016. The Voluntary Attestation of confirmity has to be done according to the EMC-Directive.The new test report for each product falling under this category has to be provided before the deadline.”

2

Electrical and Electronics

Battery powered machinery, hand-held tools and garden machinery

“2006/42/EC (GS Mark)”

Germany

“Section 1.6.3 of Directive 2006/42/EC requires means to isolate the machinery from all energy sources during maintenance. At present, such means of disabling device are required only by a few standards for machinery with integrated batteries (e.g. battery lawn mowers, EN 60335-2-77) However, there are various kinds of machines being placed on the market that did not meet above requirement and held certain residual risks during service and maintenance. With this decision the risk is being decreased.”

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Batteries

Consumer Batteries

EN 60950-1, EN 60065, EN 60335, EN 61010-1, EN 62133, EN 60598

Europe

The rechargeable battery packs as well as the used cells are to be tested according to DIN EN 62133. The battery pack is in addition to be tested with the end product/ charging unit for which it is intended. For lithium cells and batteries verifications about the UN transportation regulation 38.3 must be given.

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Electrical and Electronics

Electrical and Electronic Products

“§ 21 Abs. 1 Nr. 3 Product Safety Regulations (GS Mark)”

Germany

“The AfPS (Committee for Product Safety) decided on a new procedure for PAH evaluation and testing for the GS-Mark Certification. The major changes compared to the existing ZEK 01.4-08 were made in the area of limits and categories. For GS mark certificates, the new PAH document will be applied. GS mark certificates, issued before 1st July, 2015 remain valid for now. Risk analysis during factory inspection needs to be made. All new products certified after July 1st 2015 need to be tested according to the new requirements.”

5

Lighting

LED Tubes, Lamps and bulbs

“SAA (Standard Association of Australia)”

Australia

According to the new SAA approvals published on 13th Feb 2015, all the new LED tubes entering the lighting market must cover the requirements that are stated in AS/NZS 60598.2.1:2014. It now features Amendment A which contains all required testing for LED tubes. The transition period is 2 years and all changes need to be made by 12th Feb. 2017.

6

Electrical Appliances

“Range Hoods, Energy Efficiency domestic ovens, Energy Label vacuum cleaners”

Europe

“The European Commission already provided templates for the Energy Label for manufacturer and retailer on its website. For the specific product groups, the EU also provides Energy Label Generator to tailor made the Energy Label for a manufacturer and his product. Customers can now use these templates for easy & correct labelling.”

7

Lighting

Lamps

Energy Efficiency: Energy Label

Ecuador

“The permissible ratings and design regulations have changed for all the domestically manufactured lamps in Ecuador. The manufacturer has to take a note that for availing the Energy Label for lamps, the lamps should have nominal power rating between 4 W and 500 W. Furthermore its voltage rating should not exceed 250 volts. These limits are to be achieved keeping in mind the energy efficiency of the product.”

8

IT Equipment

External Power Supplies

“Energy Efficiency Energy Star”

Worldwide

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published that the revised electronic products specifications to reflect that the Single- and Multiple-voltage external power supplies shall meet the Level V or higher performance requirements under the International Efficiency Marking Protocol and that the test method 10CFR430, Energy Conservation program for Consumer products Appendix Z has to be used for measuring the external power supplies. This update does not affect the certified products but it will allow products VI external power supplies to be certified as Energy Star.

9

Power Tools

Appliances, Power Tools

“IEC 61000-6-7 EMC Functional Safety”

Worldwide

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-7: Generic standards - Immunity requirements for equipments intended to perform safety-related functions (functional safety) in industrial locations were created. The old requirements will be valid until September 2016.

10

Lighting

Tungsten Halogen Lamps

Energy Efficiency

China

The minimum values of energy efficiency for tungsten halogen lamps is revised according to the standard GB 31276-2014 coming into force on Sept 01, 2015.

For further information on the latest upgrades and testing standards or any help related to certifications, please contact cps@tuv-sud.com “Disclaimer: The following information is research work of TÜV SÜD Product Service and is intended for general information purposes only. The content is publishable only after having the consent of TÜV SÜD Product Service. If it is published with any changes, the company is not liable for it. The information is subject to change and all rightsfor it are reserved by TÜV SÜD Product Service GmbH.”

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feature switchgear

Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker or ELCB If any current leaks from any electrical installation, there must-be any insulation failure in the electrical circuit, it must be properly detected and prevented otherwise there may be a high chance of electrical shock if-anyone touches the installation. An earth leakage circuit breaker does it efficiently.

Means it detects the earth leakage current and makes the power supply off by opening the associated circuit breaker.

There are two types of earth leakage circuit breaker, one is voltage ELCB and other is current ELCB. 060

Voltage Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker voltage One terminal of the relay coil is connected to the metal body of the equipment to be protected against earth leakage and other terminal is connected to the earth directly. If any insulation failure occurs or live phase wire touches the metal body, of the equipment, there must be a voltage difference appears across the terminal of the coil connected to the equipment body and earth. This voltage difference produces a current to flow the relay coil

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Voltage Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker[/caption] If the voltage difference crosses, a predetermined limit, the current through the relay becomes sufficient to actuate the relay for tripping the associated circuit breaker to disconnect the power supply to the equipment. The typicality of this device is, it can detect and protect only that equipment or installation with which it is attached.

It cannot detect any leakage of insulation in other installation of the system.

RCCB. Here one CT core is energized from both phase wise and neutral wire. Single Phase Residual Current Circuit Breaker or Current ELCB The polarity of the phase winding and neutral winding on the core is so chosen that, in normal condition mmf of one winding opposes that of another. As it is assumed that, in normal operating conditions the current goes through the phase wire will be returned via neutral wire if there’s no leakage in between. As both currents are same, the resultant mmf produced by these two currents is also zero-ideally.

The relay coil is connected with another third winding wound on the CT core as secondary. The terminals of this winding are connected to a relay system. In normal operating condition there would not be any current circulating in the third winding as here is no flux in the core due to equal phase and neutral current. When any earth leakage occurs in the equipment, there may be part of phase current passes to the earth, through the leakage path instead of returning via mental wire. Hence the magnitude of the neutral current passing through the RCCB is not equal to phase current passing through it

Current ELCB or RCCB or Residual Current Circuit Breaker

The working principle of current earth leakage circuit breaker or RCCB is also very simple as voltage operated ELCB but the theory is entirely different and residual current circuit breaker is more sensitive than ELCB. Actually, ELCBs are of two kinds, but it is general practice to refer voltage based ELCB as simple ELCB. And current based ELCB is referred as RCD or

Three Phase Residual Current Circuit Breaker or Current ELCB When this difference crosses a predetermined value, the current in the third secondary winding of the core becomes sufficiently high to actuate the electromagnetic relay attached to it. This relay causes tripping of the associated circuit breaker to disconnect the power supply to the equipment under protection.

Residual current circuit breaker is sometimes also referred as residual current device (RCD) when we consider the device by disassociating the circuit breaker attached to RCCB. That means, the entire parts of RCCB except circuit breaker are referred as RCD.

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Feature Frost & Sullivan

Recovering Economy and Market Sentiments to Revive Indian Medium Voltage Switchgear Market, Says Frost & Sullivan Power transmission and distribution, infrastructure, and construction will be key end-user segments

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Government initiatives towards power capacity augmentation and the expansion and development of the transmission and distribution network will fuel the demand for MV switchgears in India

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he uncertain economy and restricted investments in the industry and utility sectors had stalled growth of the Indian medium voltage switchgear market over the last couple of years. However, as the economy expands and market sentiments improve, the growth rate for MV switchgears will rise over the next five to six years.

New analysis from Frost & Sullivan, Indian Medium Voltage (MV) Switchgear Market, finds that the market earned revenues of US $448.5 million in 2014 and estimates this to reach $695.0 million in 2020. The study covers indoor switchgear, outdoor switchgear, ring main units (RMUs), and compact or unitized substation. The RMU segment is expected to witness the highest revenue compound annual growth rate over the forecast period.

“Government initiatives towards power capacity augmentation and the expansion and development of the transmission and distribution network will fuel the demand for MV switchgears in India,” said Venkatesh Ganji, Senior Research Analyst, Energy & Environment Practice, Frost & Sullivan.

“Revenue opportunities are expected from retrofitting and replacement programs as well as the adoption of superior technologies.”

Moreover, the expansion of key industry sectors will generate business for MV switchgear manufacturers.

Despite the Government’s fiscal deficit and long approval process for projects, infrastructure and construction activities will gain pace, boosting MV manufacturers’ prospects.

Though the primary demand for MV switchgears traditionally comes from energy-intensive industries such as oil and gas, petrochemical, steel and cement; tightening liquidity and the lack of policy reforms are holding back these industries from investment. With the ongoing introduction of reforms and flagship initiatives like “Make in India”, the economy is expected to improve and revive the investment cycle, which will result these downtrends to reduce over the forecast period.

“Indian MV Switchgear Market is currently dominated by the top 4 players, accounting for 65% of the total market. Wide product portfolio, competitive pricing, and strong network of system integrators and panel builders are essential to succeed in the market,” noted Ganji. “With tier 2 players expanding their geographic reach and investing in R&D to introduce new products, the competition intensity is expected to increase in next 3-4 years.”

October-November 2015 Electrical & Power Info www.electricalpowerinfo.com

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product line ElMeasure India Pvt. Ltd.

A Building Energy Management System (BEMS)

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A computer-based system that automatically monitors and controls a range of building services

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Building Energy Management System (BEMS) is a computer-based system that automatically monitors and controls a range of building services, including air conditioning, ventilation, heating, lighting and other consumers of energy within the building or sometimes groups of buildings. The functional aim of BEMS is to manage the environment within a building, so that energy use perfectly balances the way in which the building is used.

ElMeasure provides a unique technique to integrate cuttingedge mechanical, electrical and building automation system technology into real-world solutions. Our goal is to design buildings and systems that will have a smaller energy footprint and a much smaller impact on the environment.

There are a number of important benefits associated with use of a Building Energy Management system.

1. It provides energy analysis, management and control information.

2. It enables equipment, air conditioning, lighting etc to be switched on and off automatically.

3. It optimises space heating within the building.

4. It allows monitoring of equipment status and environmental conditions.

5. The amount of wasted energy is minimized.

This saves money and reduces carbon emissions.

With the advent of the Smart Grid, these Building Energy Management Systems can help businesses better manage their electricity demand. With a varying price of electricity, the BEMS can program the system can turn on and turn off loads without sacrificing occupant safety, comfort, and productivity.

BEMS can be used in different sectors such as, Health Care: Health Care establishments require large amounts of energy to heat and power them. Therefore large savings can be made by installing BEMS to optimize efficiency, while still delivering the best comfort conditions for occupants.

Rising energy prices and the cost of raw materials are making it hard for manufacturers to keep their production costs down and make a profit.

Retail: Lighting, refrigeration and air conditions are large energy users in the retail sector. Inefficient energy use can lead to over-heating and over-cooling causing over consumption and spending.

Manufacturing: Rising energy prices and the cost of raw materials are making it hard for manufacturers to keep their production costs down and make a profit. Managing energy consumption across a manufacturing site with an effective BEMS can remove inefficiencies and reduce costs.

Educational Institutions: Private schools, academies, colleges and universities are all large consumers of power. Energy intensive equipment, such as computers, lighting and air conditioning, are often used inefficiently, e.g they are left turned on overnight or at weekends, adding unnecessary cost to the bottom line. BEMS can be programmed with occupancy set points and calendar schedules, to ensure lighting and heating are not over-used during unoccupied times.

Commercial / Residential: Occupancy comfort and building efficiency both need to be optimized in office / residential environments. However, the desire for comfort can often reduce the efficiency of the building, due to inefficient settings and programming of your building controls. BEMS can control lighting and cooling effectively to avoid unnecessary use of energy outside normal working hours or when ambient daylight levels are adequate.

Contact: ElMeasure India Pvt. Ltd. No. 764, 4th Phase, 707, Yelahanka New Town, Bangalore - 560 106 Ph: +91 80 28461777 E-mail: marketing@elmeasure.com Website: www.elmeasure.com

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product line Schneider Electric India

Indian Switchgear Market Gearing Up

Anil Kadam

Sr. Manager, Energy Business, Schneider Electric India.

The need to have a safe, reliable, and efficient power distribution setup at both micro and macro levels is providing growth opportunities to the lowvoltage (LV) and medium-voltage (MV) switchgear markets in India 066

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Switchgear is a combination of devices designed to control, regulate, meter and protect electric generation, transmission and distribution equipment, and electric motor control systems.

witchgear is a combination of devices designed to control, regulate, meter and protect electric generation, transmission and distribution equipment, and electric motor control systems. The global market as well as Indian market for switchgears is anticipated to do well in the coming times as demand is likely to be driven by medium and high voltage types of switchgears. Revenues in the switchgears market are closely tied with the demand for transformers, therefore, any increase in demand for transformers will lead to a rise in demand for switchgears and vice versa.

The Indian switchgear market can be segregated into 3 categories on the basis of voltage, including low voltage switchgears, medium voltage switchgears and high voltage switchgears. Switchgear is used by utilities companies and industries to protect expensive instruments and equipment in power network systems. Switchgear performs the function of carrying, making and breaking the normal load current like

a switch and performs fault correction under abnormal operational conditions.

The need to have a safe, reliable, and efficient power distribution setup at both micro and macro levels is providing growth opportunities to the lowvoltage (LV) and medium-voltage (MV) switchgear markets in India. The nation’s developing infrastructure across various sectors including residential, commercial and transport has been the prime factor that has resulted growth in the demand for switchgears in India. Development in areas including oil and gas, petrochemicals, steel, concrete, and telecom has given a huge stimulus to the development of this business especially the business’ MV section.

The Global Switchgear market will grow from an estimated $74.77 billion in 2014 to $136.71 billion by 2019 with a CAGR of 12.83% from 2014 to 2019. The Switchgear market is projected to exhibit high growth on account of rising power

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product line Schneider Electric India

Smart power infrastructure technology gives onsite and remote real-time monitoring and control, which gives a clear understanding of the building’s energy consumption by zone and usage types.

generation and increased up gradation on electrical infrastructure, influenced by rising energy demand. The market was valued at $74.77 million globally for 2014. It is projected to grow at a CAGR of 12.83% through to 2019, owing to extensive modernization activities being carried out globally.

Keeping in mind the growth parameters and the requirements of the industry, Schneider Electric has come up with smart-grid ready MV (11 kV) switchgear with a highly modular & compact design to facilitate easy installation, upgrading, and maintenance.

Premset switchgear uses the Shielded Solid Insulation System (2SIS), a breakthrough innovation that protects all the switchgear’s live parts to help ensure a safe, trouble-free service life for both operator and equipment.

With its 3-in-1 design, Premset switchgear is the most reliable, compact, safest and most intuitive switchgear in its class. Using Premset switchgear enables simplifying network upgrades as the same auxiliaries, accessories and monitoring devices can continue being used for the entire range. In fact, this “plug and play” design also allows for on-site additions that do not require any special training, tools or adjustments.

Digitization, connectivity and increased awareness have facilitated the convergence of physical and virtual worlds. Customer preference is shifting towards Smart connected systems where inputs from machines, sensors, news feeds are digitized and placed onto networks. In-line with these trends, Schneider Electric introduced its

offer for Smart power infrastructure Schneider Electric’s Smart power infrastructure offer is a gen next lowvoltage switchboard which offers network management, asset management and energy management in a modular plug and play type solution. These switchboards are equipped with latest monitoring, control and communication capabilities based on Ethernet platform. These are ideal for buildings, industry as well as data center and infrastructure applications.

Smart power infrastructure technology gives onsite and remote real-time monitoring and control, which gives a clear understanding of the building’s energy consumption by zone and usage types. Building owners and facility managers can then undertake appropriate measures for best use of energy resources without affecting the comfort and productivity of occupants.

The next 10 years will be crucial for the Indian electrical equipment industry as it gears up to meet the rapidly rising domestic demand and also establish its presence as an important player in the global electrical equipment arena. The biggest opportunity for the switchgear industry comes from the upcoming power generation capacity and also from the upgradation of the distribution infrastructure. Expansion of key industry sector (cement steel petrochemicals, telecom & others) and expansion of other infrastructure segments like telecom, railways, airports, ports, roads, hospitals, are also key opportunities for the switchgear industry.

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interview Hartek Singh Can you brief us on the landmark projects executed by the company in 2014-15 and the products involved within project, enabling you to perform job seamlessly?

The Hartek-Schneider high-voltage switchgear panels have been widely accepted across the industry and utilities since they were introduced three years ago. So far, we have supplied close to 150 high-tension and low-tension switchgear panels. Last year, we got a chance to supply our products for up to 100 MW of solar projects across the country. Hartek Power offers the widest range of high-voltage products in the northern region. With Schneider providing its technology in terms of fully tested switchgear, Hartek-Schneider panels have become the preferred choice of customers.

With growing environmental concerns and threats of global warming, how do you look upon the future of switchgear industry? Has this created a necessity in developing environment-friendly switchgear today?

Our fundamental purpose is to make sure that we add value in terms of quality and safety for both our internal and external customers. The switchgear industry is bound to grow, considering the infrastructure demand. As far as environmental issues are concerned, oil-filled breakers have already been replaced by vacuum-circuit breakers, which are much more efficient and much less hazardous.

Hartek Singh

Chairman and Managing Director (CMD), Hartek Group

Hartek Power offers the widest range of high-voltage products in the northern region.

With Schneider providing its technology in terms of fully tested switchgear, HartekSchneider panels have become the preferred choice of customers.

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What technologies are adopted by your firm? Do you concentrate on adopting environmental-friendly technologies?

Hartek-Schneider switchgear panels are environmental-friendly products since there is no emission and the products use vacuum for arc quenching. We have a very strong testing facility. We ensure optimum human safety by making every product go through rigorous testing.

Being a leader, how do you see the market potential of switchgear? With dynamic climatic conditions, is India a healthy market for the growth of switchgear?

Absolutely. India is a growing market and power distribution products will always remain an important link in the overall value chain. The market is bound to grow.

Who are the major beneficiaries for Switchgear today? Is the demand from infrastructure industries more as compared to other sectors? Can you highlight the sectors demanding switchgear today?

The major demand for both high-voltage and low-voltage switchgear comes from utilities, i.e. government electricity boards. Switchgears are needed by all power plants and utilities. They are used in all industry applications.

How do you look upon government support for the progress of Switchgear sector?

Is there a need for any change/reforms in the existing policies?

With the power sector growing at a fast pace, the demand for power distribution equipment, including switchgear, is also increasing proportionately. The government goes through a tendering system and the lowest bid gets the order. The technical qualification criteria must be made more stringent so that only quality products are approved. The payment cycle also needs to be improved.

Have you launched any new products? If yes, kindly give their description. If no, are you planning any expansion strategies?

No. As of now, we are focusing on increasing our market share with our existing set of products.

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product line ERDA

Solar Cables for Photovoltaic Systems D

ue to rapid depletion of conventional fossil fuels, various resources of renewable energy are now highly focused globally.

Energy from solar and wind is contribute major portion of total Country’s renewable energy generation. In India, we are having about 300 sunny days in a year and therefore harnessing the solar energy through Photo Voltaic system becomes one of the preferred green energy options today.

A historic revolution is being witnessed by our country with the Government of India’s highly ambitious plan – The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar mission, to reach the solar power generation to 100 GW by 2022.[1] To receive solar energy, number of Photo Voltaic arrays are required to be installed facing the Sun and photon energy in the form of DC current is carried through SOLAR CABLES to storage batteries. In our country electricity in AC form is the most popularly accepted form, and therefore using the inverter, the DC electrical power is then converted to AC electricity.

Solar PV system may be a stand-alone or a grid connected system. The hassle-free performance of a typical solar PV system is generally expected to be more than 25 years and thereforeoptimization of all relevant components of solar PV system becomes necessary.

In PV system, one of the important parts is the SOLAR CABLEand are connected on DC side of the system.

Cables used for connecting individual PV modules in a string to form a PV generator are called as string cables and all strings in parallel are connected to generator junction box. The main DC cable connects the generator junction box to the inverter. The PV energy will be in the DC form with low voltage

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Fig. 1: Programmable Ozone test chamber

and high current and this results in principle differences forDC cables. To get the desired efficiency, selection of proper sized cable draws major attention while designing the system, because, undersized cable results into heating which may lead further to fire also. The quality and performance of solar cable plays very important role for extracting solar energy with higher efficiency in PV system. Even a small increase in cable resistance resulting into increased I2R losses, considered as a higher loss of energy and such cable will lose its acceptance. As solar cable has to function in open atmosphere over a long period, it has to withstand all environmental severities like UV radiation, rain, dust & dirt, temperature variations, humidity, insects and microbes etc. Any frequent failure / replacement of solar cable will decrease the overall project efficiency and therefore before actual installation, it becomes necessary to evaluate SOLAR CABLES to ensure its successful functionality over a desired life span

through conducting series of tests.

Based on the requirements listed in manuscript of working group AK 411.2.3, Leitungen fur PV-System’ of the German committee for standardization, the specification 2 Pfg1169/08[2] for solar cable was published. UL 4703 is one another specification on Photovoltaic wires published in USA in 2005. Recently, British Standards Institution- BSI has also published BS EN 50618 -2014[3] as specification for ‘Electric Cables for Photovoltaic Systems’. In this paper, the specific requirements for Solar cable for PV systems as per international norms, its constructional requirements like flexibility, single core with cross linked insulation & sheath; special requirements like low smoke, halogen free,stringent high voltage withstand capability; environmental requirements like Ozone resistance, UV resistance, flammability requirements etc. are discussed. Figure 1 shows the programmable ozone chamber to evaluate ozone resistance property.

Significance and specific requirements of major critical tests are also discussed.

Solar Cables : general requirements Stand-alone / roof top solar PV systems are of low voltage level, in general < 100 volts. The grid connected solar PV systems are of higher voltage level and due to the added complexities and considering safety aspects, are installed at separate well protected area and allowed to operate through skilled persons only.

The voltage drop between PV array to the inverter is one of the critical parameter for selection of size of solar cable. The guidelines for size selection are specified in BS: 7671. As per NEC norms, the overall voltage drop between PV array and inverter is allowed < 3%

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[4]. In order to maintain this, in addition to cable size, the most practicable shorter length of solar cable is preferred.

To suit the variable weather conditions, the solar cable designed to meet the temperature range from -40 oC to + 90 oC. The maximum conductor temperature of 120 oC is expected at a maximum ambient temperature of 90 oC. Depending upon its area of application, solar cable may be a single conductor with double insulation, which is generally routed through a suitable conduit / trunking system. For better mechanical robust solution, single conductor with single wire armoring is used. For main DC cable between a PV generator junction box and inverter, multi core single wire armored cables are used.

The nominal DC voltage of solar cable is 1.5 kV between conductors as well as between conductor and armor, which is upto 1.8 kVmaximum.

Solar cable : Constructional requirement Solar cable should have flexible, class 5, heavy duty tin coated copper conductor.

The conductor is to be provided with low smoke, halogen free cross linked insulation and over-sheath. In light of its working in open atmosphere under sun light with UV radiation, solar cables arecommonly black in color. Solar cables after installation, does not experience frequent flexing or torsion forces and therefore these two parameters are not having major requirements. The insulation & sheath have to perform at higher temperature range with additional high mechanical stability, flame retardant and free of halogens.

To meet these requirements, generally cross-linked polyolefin copolymers are preferred.

Compared to PVC type A as per IS: 694 [5] / IS: 1554-part 1 [6] and XLPE as per IS: 7098-part 1 [8], the EN:

50618 specifies special requirements for solar cable insulation / jacket materials.

Few of major physical requirements are listed in Table 1.

Table 1, shows requirement of solar cable insulation / jacket material to meet atmospheric temperature variation.

Solar plants are required to work under extreme weather conditions â&#x20AC;&#x201C; not only for high temperature, but at low temperature also. The aging temperature, hot set temperature and cold bend temperatures are therefore stringent compared to PVC and XLPE materials.

To ensure the expected performance for 25 years, standard specifies thermal endurance test, which will determine the temperature index and it should be> 120 oC. In Table 2, few more critical requirements on as a whole cable are listed out.

In view to its application in open atmosphere, solar cable has to confirm its resistance to weathering / UV exposure.

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product line ERDA TABLE 1: Physical Properties of Insulation / Jacket material Property

Solar Cable

PVC Type A

XLPE

Reference standard

EN 50618

IS: 694

IS: 1554-pt 1

IS: 7098-pt. 1

Tensile strength before aging, min. N/mm2

8.0

12.5

12.5

Elongation at break, min. %

125

150

200

After aging – Aging temperature;oC / duration;hrs

150 / 168

80 / 168

135 / 168

After aging - % variation in mechanical properties

± 30

± 20

± 25

Hot set test Test temperature Hot set, max.% Permanent set; max. %

250 100 25

Cold bend test Temperature,oC

- 40

- 15

- 15

Shrinkage of sheath Temperature; oC / Duration; mins.

Shrinkage, max.%

120 / 60 2

150 / 15 4

130 / 60 4

NA

NA

23 oC for 168 hrs NA

NA

NA 200 175 15

Thermal endurance (temperature index; oC correspond- >120 ing to 20000 hrs) Sheath resistance against acid and alkaline

TABLE 2 : Requirements for complete cable Property

Solar cable

LT PVC cable

LT XLPE cable

Reference standard

EN 50618

IS: 694

IS: 1554-pt 1

IS: 7098-pt. 1

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High voltage test on complete cable at RT 6.5 kV AC / 15 kV DC

3 kV AC / 7.2 kV DC

3 kV AC / 7.2 kV DC

Long term DC high voltage Temperature; oC / duration; hrs DC voltage; kV

85 / 240 1.8

60 / 240 1.2

NA

Sheath surface resistance

>109 ohms

NA

NA

Ozone Resistance

No crack

NA

NA

Weathering / UV resistance

720 hr

(360 cycles)

NA

Dynamic penetration

Test force

>Fmin

NA

NA

Damp heat test

90 oC + 85 % RH for 1000 hrs

NA

NA

NA

Smoke emission of complete cable as per 60 % IEC 61034-2 - Light transmission, min.

Under consideration

Under consideration

Assessment of helogens for ALL non-metallic materials

HCl content

HCl content

pH & Conductivity Chlorine & Bromin Fluorine

Nilesh Pandya

Sheetal Panchal

Jay Purohit

Sr. Manager and Head – Cables Section nilesh.pandya@erda.org

Asst. Manager, Cables Section

Asst. Engineer, Cables Section

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Figure 2 shows the programmable weather chamber to evaluate this parameter.

Dynamic penetration test will prove the solar cable for mechanical load. A long duration damp heat test gives idea of stability of solar cable material against any degradation in mechanical properties due to temperature Fig. 2 :Programmable weather and humidity. Smoke chamber emission tests expects min. 60% light transmission, in case solar cable is under fire. Figure 3 shows the Smoke emission test set up to evaluate this property.

As solar cables are connected in vicinity of solar PV arrays, control panels, electronic controllers, inverters etc., amount ofHCl content, pH & conductivity, content of bromine & fluorine requires to be controlled to meet the specified limit.

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Players of

control panel and switchgear 076

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business page

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industry review Energy

India’s Energy Crisis

Can India modernize its manufacturing economy and supply electricity to its growing population without relying heavily on coal—and quite possibly destroying the global climate?

Survey conducted by: By Richard Martin published on technology review.

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A

n old man wakes on the floor of a hut in a village in southern India. He is wrapped in a thin cotton blanket.

Beside him, music wails softly on a transistor radio. A small wood fire smolders on the floor, filling the space with a light haze; above it,the bamboo timbers of the hut’s roof are charred to a glossy black.

The man’s name is Mallaiah Tokala, and he is the headman of Appapur village, in the Amrabad Tiger Reserve in Telangana state.

On his forehead he wears the vibhuti, the sacred daub of white

ash. He is uncertain of his exact age, but he is well into his 10th decade.

He has lived in this village his whole life, a period that encompasses the tumultuous 20th-century history of India: the rise of Gandhi, the Salt March, the end of the Raj and the coming of independence, Partition and the bloodshed that followed, the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi and the dawning of a new era of sectarian violence and terrorism. And now he has lived long enough to witness the coming of electricity to Appapur, in the form of solar-powered lights and

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until a year ago. Another quarter-billion or so get only spotty power from India’s decrepit grid, finding it available for as little as three or four hours a day. The lack of power affects rural and urban areas alike, limiting efforts to advance both living standards and the country’s manufacturing sector.

Since he took power in May 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has made universal access to electricity a key part of his administration’s ambitions. At the same time, he has pledged to help lead international efforts to limit climate change. Among other plans, he has promised to increase India’s renewable-energy capacity to 175 gigawatts, including 100 gigawatts of solar, by 2022. (That’s about the total power generation capacity of Germany.) And therein lies India’s energy dilemma.

Already the world’s third-largest emitter of carbon dioxide and other

On the wall of the hut a single LED lightbulb glows softly, connected through the roof to a black cable that stretches to a 100watt solar panel on the roof of a concrete house nearby.

TVs and radios.

On the wall of the hut a single LED lightbulb glows softly, connected through the roof to a black cable that stretches to a 100-watt solar panel on the roof of a concrete house nearby. It is a direct outcome of the policies of the central government, a thousand miles to the north in Delhi.

Appapur is a “solar village,” one of the showcases for the government’s drive to bring solar power to small, unelectrified villages across India It’s a huge task. At least 300 million of India’s 1.25 billion people live without electricity, as the villagers of Appapur did

greenhouse gases, India is attempting to do something no nation has ever done: build a modern industrialized economy, and bring light and power to its entire population, without dramatically increasing carbon emissions. Simply to keep up with rising demand for electricity, it must add around 15 gigawatts each year over the next 30 years. The country gets most of its electricity from aging, dirty coal-fired plants. (It has little domestic production of oil or natural gas.) And its energy infrastructure is in dismal shape. The obsolescence of its power grid was demonstrated by

a massive 2012 outage that left more than 600 million people in the dark and drew attention to a utility sector in disarray, with an estimated $70 billion of accumulated debt.

If current trends continue and India follows the traditional path in which emissions increase as living standards rise, it will be disastrous not only for Indians but for the entire planet. By way of illustration, consider what’s happened in China. From 1980 to 2010, while the country’s per capita GDP grew by $193, to $4,514, its emissions per capita grew from 1.49 tons per year to more than six tons per year (these figures come from the World Bank and the CAIT Climate Data Explorer, maintained by the World Resources Institute). China is now the world’s largest emitter of carbon. India’s per capita emissions as of 2012, the last year for which figures are available, were 1.68 tons per year, and its 2014 GDP was $1,631 per person. Its population is expected to grow by another 400 million people over the next three decades, bringing it to 1.7 billion by 2050. If India follows a path similar to China’s, that will add another eight billion tons of carbon to the atmosphere each year—more than total U.S. emissions in 2013.

Such growth would easily swamp efforts elsewhere in the world to curtail carbon emissions, dooming any chance to head off the dire effects of global climate change. (Overall, the world will need to reduce its current annual emissions of 40 billion tons by 40 to 70 percent between now and 2050.)

By 2050, India will have roughly 20 percent of the world’s population. If those people rely heavily on fossil fuels such as coal to expand the economy and raise their living standards to the level people in the rich world have enjoyed for the last 50 years, the result will be a climate catastrophe regardless of anything the United States or even China does to decrease its emissions.

Reversing these trends will require radical transformations in two main areas: how India produces electricity, and how it distributes it.

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industry review Energy

Goyal has emerged as a champion of renewable energy, calling for investments of $100 billion in renewables and another $50 billion in upgrading the country’s faltering grid.

Coal conundrum The man charged with solving this puzzle is Piyush Goyal, the minister of power. (His full title is Minister of State with Independent Charge for Power, Coal and New & Renewable Energy.)

With his political inheritance (his father, Ved Prakash Goyal, was a member of parliament and the minister of shipping under the government of Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee in the early 2000s), his suave manner, and his investment banking background, Goyal, 51, represents a new generation of Indian politicians from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) who have come to power during the decline of the once-dominant Congress Party. Despite the BJP’s origins in the Hindu nationalist party that emerged in opposition to the more secular Congress Party, these younger politicians tend to be pragmatists, seeking to encourage economic growth through neoliberal policies such as deregulation and privatization of state industries. Since his appointment, Goyal

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has emerged as a champion of renewable energy, calling for investments of $100 billion in renewables and another $50 billion in upgrading the country’s faltering grid. Almost every week he appears in the newspapers cutting the ribbon on a new solar power plant or wind farm or hydropower installation.

But he has also remained a staunch supporter of coal. He was exultant at the passage of a bill in March to guide expansion of the country’s domestic coal-mining industry, saying it would boost the economy and create thousands of new jobs. While prices for electricity from renewable sources have fallen sharply in recent years, coal remains the cheapest source of power, and India’s coal industry has embarked on a building boom, doubling installed capacity since 2008. India consumes around 800 million tons of coal a year and could more than double that number by 2035, according to the World Energy Outlook from BP. To meet that demand, and to limit coal imports, Goyal plans to

increase domestic coal production to 1.5 billion tons a year by 2020, from 2015 levels of 660 million tons. “Increasing domestic production of coal will be a big step towards long-term energy security of India,” he said in a January tweet.

“India’s conundrum is a coal conundrum,” says Jairam Ramesh, a former minister of the environment.

Ramesh, the chief negotiator for India at the international climate change talks in Cancún, Mexico, in 2010, is the author of Green Signals: Ecology, Growth, and Democracy in India. Last August, he welcomed me to the cramped, booklined study in his home in Delhi and took me through the numbers on India’s energy resources.

Almost 70 percent of India’s electricity today comes from coal-fired plants. About 17 percent comes from hydropower, much of it from large dams in the northeast. Another 3.5 percent comes from nuclear. That leaves about 10 percent, depending on daily conditions, from renewables—mostly wind farms.

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industry review Energy

Hydro takes longer—it involves displacement of people and submergence of land, but we could expect that 17 percent contribution to go up to 25 percent.

Nuclear is at 3.5 percent right now and, under the most aggressive assumptions, could go up to 5 or 6 percent.

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Over the next 25 years, “with the most aggressive assumptions in terms of renewables, we could go up to 18 or 20 percent from renewables,” Ramesh told me. “Hydro takes longer—it involves displacement of people and submergence of land, but we could expect that 17 percent contribution to go up to 25 percent. Nuclear is at 3.5 percent right now and, under the most aggressive assumptions, could go up to 5 or 6 percent. So under the best scenario—the most aggressive programs for nuclear, hydro, solar, and wind—bloody coal will still be at 50 percent.” In other words, while low- or zero-carbon sources would make up a greater portion of India’s energy supply, overall carbon emissions would nearly double: from around 2.1 billion tons in 2014 to more than four billion tons by 2040, according to the International Energy Agency.

That’s a discouraging conclusion. The response from Modi and Goyal has been to embark upon the world’s most aggressive capacity-building program for low-carbon power generation. It was soon after taking

office that Modi announced he would seek to add 100 gigawatts of solar power capacity by 2022. (India has about four gigawatts of solar capacity today.) Fifty-seven gigawatts of the planned new capacity is supposed to come in the form of utility-scale solar, including socalled “ultra mega” projects, ranging in size from 500 megawatts up to 10 gigawatts. “Ultra mega” hardly does justice to the scale of such gargantuan parks; the world’s largest solar plant, the Desert Sunlight plant in California’s Mojave Desert, is 550 megawatts. Twentyfive of these huge projects are due to come online by 2019, supported by 40.5 billion rupees ($649 million) in central-government funding—a paltry sum given that Desert Sunlight cost more than $1.5 billion to build.

(In 2012, when Modi was chief minister of the state of Gujarat, he presided over the launch of the world’s largest solar installation: a group of plants totaling nearly one gigawatt combined.) Another 75 gigawatts of wind capacity is also planned.

Together, these additions would boost India’s renewable capacity from around 10 percent of the total to as much as 32 percent. At the same time, the government plans a program of building nuclear plants that would roughly triple capacity by 2024 and supply one-quarter of the country’s electricity needs by 2050. India also aims to further capitalize on its abundant potential for water power, particularly in the far northeastern states, where rivers tumble off the Himalayan plateau.

The fourth leg of India’s low-carbon energy platform will be natural gas—if the country can find enough to import. India’s domestic naturalgas reserves are small, and imports have been limited by the expense of shipping liquefied natural gas by tanker. But the conclusion of an international agreement to limit Iran’s nuclear arms capacity, which would lift the international sanctions that have restricted Iranian energy exports, would give new momentum to the planned construction of an ultra-deepwater natural-gas pipeline across the Arabian Sea, from Iran to India’s west coast.

Foreign companies are lining up to invest in India’s renewable–energy sector (Softbank, of Japan, recently announced it will invest $20 billion in solar projects in India). But actually building all these new projects will be extremely expensive, requiring a level of fiscal discipline and political will that India’s fractious, corrupt government has seldom achieved.

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industry review Energy

Modi is trying to create a worldclass renewableenergy industry while reforming a corrupt and bankrupt utility sector, growing the country’s manufacturing sector, keeping deficits low, and sustaining economic growth at around 8 percent a year.

084

Modi, who has surrounded himself with a group of capable, mostly well-respected technocrats like Goyal, has limited power to compel the states to implement and enforce clean-energy mandates, beyond the promise of central-government largesse. Rules requiring utilities to use a minimum amount of renewable power have mostly been ignored. Key pieces of legislation, including important amendments to the Electricity Act of 2003, are stalled in parliament because few of the country’s politicians are willing to tackle the key issue: utilities are currently forced to sell electricity at below costs. Efforts to modernize the country’s antiquated utilities—as must happen if there is to be any chance of implementing Modi’s ambitious energy agenda—seem no closer to success than they did when he took office.

And then there is the question of how to pay for all the new renewable-energy installations.

One hundred gigawatts of new solar capacity will cost in the trillions of rupees, requiring both higher electricity rates and massive

funding from the central government. A 200rupee tax on every ton of coal produced goes into a National Clean Energy Fund that now totals around $2.6 billion, but little of that has actually gone to developers and builders. At the same time, finance minister Arun Jaitley, at Modi’s direction, is determined to reduce India’s budget deficit, currently around 4 percent of GDP. To overcome the likely shortfall, Modi and Goyal are, essentially, demanding that Western nations step in and finance renewableenergy programs in India and other developing countries. “The West will have to pay for the damage they have caused to the world and the planet,” Goyal said in a climate-change address in London in May. Another barrier to Modi’s plans is that India imports nearly all its solar components. The “Make in India” campaign that he launched to encourage domestic manufacturing includes provisions to develop a solar manufacturing sector, but it will be tough to compete with lowpriced imports from China in a country with a creaky industrial infrastructure, expensive capital, and little expertise in the technology.

In short, Modi is trying to create a world-class renewable-energy industry while reforming a corrupt and bankrupt utility sector, growing the country’s manufacturing sector, keeping deficits low, and sustaining economic growth at around 8 percent a year. If all that happens—if the grandiose solar plants get built, and new dams arise in the north, and the nuclear plants get financed, and the deepwater pipeline gets laid—India could, perhaps, solve the conundrum of “bloody coal” and overhaul its power generation system. That, however, would still leave one large problem: transmitting and distributing all the electricity to consumers.

The last mile Kishan Lal met an ignominious end. On the evening of June 24, the 40-year-old fruit and vegetable vendor went to relieve himself in a public toilet in Shakarpur, a district of east Delhi, and made the mistake of touching a metal rail inside the loo. He was electrocuted and died instantly. India’s power grid is dangerous because it’s haphazard and often improvised. Power theft, known as katiyabaaz, is rampant; even legal connections are often jury-rigged. Snarls of lines enveloping the tops of leaning electrical poles are a ubiquitous sight in every Indian city.

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product line Megger

Individual temperature compensation Benefits of dielectric response measurements

by Diego Robalino – SeniorApplications Engineer, Megger

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healthy insulation condition of an electrical apparatus is essential for the operational reliability of the entire electrical power network. Transformers are without a doubt one of the most critical components in the system and, for this reason, a great amount of research has been performed to better comprehend the values as power factor / dissipation factor (tan delta). Power factor is widely used among operators and manufacturers to set a reference value for the losses encountered in the insulation material.

Typically, Dissipation Factor (DF) or Power Factor (PF) tests are carried out at power frequency of 50/60 Hz. A voltage is applied to one electrode of the capacitive system and the total resulting current is measured. From there, the angle between the total current vector and the applied voltage vector is obtained and the cosine function given in percentage values is the power factor value of the tested capacitance. In this test, the power factor value is a function of frequency.

The capacitive reactance of the object is directly related to the excitation signal frequency and therefore a power factor test should be comparable if performed at the same frequencies. But frequency is not the only factor affecting the power factor value.

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When repeating the power factor test on the same specimen, if moisture, oil condition and aging have not been altered, but the temperature of the system changes, the power factor will change as well, and the values at two different temperatures will not be comparable. In order to be comparable, the PF values must be normalized to a 20 °C reference. Therefore, temperature has a significant effect on the resulting value of the power factor and this fact should be taken into account and improve the existing methods used to compensate power factor measurements for temperature variation.

This article provides a background on dielectric response measurements in the Frequency Domain (DFR), also known as Frequency Domain Spectroscopy (FDS), and the advantages of using this testing technique in liquid–filled power transformers to assess their insulation system condition, as well as to obtain the “unique” individual thermal response of the capacitive system analysed.

The routine dissipation factor / power factor test at power frequencies The PF and capacitance test is one of the most effective methods of assessing the overall condition of a transformer.

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An AC signal is applied to the insulation system at a voltage high enough to allow easy measurement under substation interference conditions, but not too high as to stress the system.

Test voltages in the field test instrument range from below 100 V to as high as 12 kV. Field tests are usually performed at rated voltage or a maximum of 10 kV. The AC signal is typically applied at two different frequencies which are very close to the power frequency. The use of two different frequencies is called frequency variation suppression mode, and instead of running one single test at power frequency (50 or 60 Hz), the test is carried out at two frequency values close to the reference line frequency. The AC capacitance test is part of the PF test because the capacitance value and its associated charging current are required to calculate the PF value of that specific capacitive (insulating) system later.

PF testing of transformers is carried out to assess the level of contamination of the insulation system and reference limits have been set in international standards [1] [2] to determine the possibility of dielectric degradation/contamination or mechanical damage of the insulation material. Following the limits set by the different international references [3] [4], PF is a trigger to announce potential accelerated aging or degradation of the insulation system.

It is necessary for this test to record the insulation system temperature to later normalize measured values to the 20 °C reference. The dissipation factor of insulation can be more or less sensitive to the effect of temperature depending on the condition of the bulk insulation system. So far, the method used to normalize power factor values obtained at temperatures different from 20 °C has been to apply correction factors. Correction factors may be available from equipment manufacturers and test equipment manufacturers and are only based on nameplate data. Generic correction factors were available in IEEE standard C57.12.90-2006, section 10.10.5, but were removed in C57.12.90-2010 [5] with the following note: “NOTE 3.b) Experience has shown that the variation in power factor with temperature is substantial and erratic so that no single correction curve will fit all cases.”

A PF test at power frequency by itself is capable of detecting moisture and contamination in a transformer; however, it cannot differentiate whether the source of power factor values beyond recommended limits or in an unexpected accelerated growth from historical values correspond to moisture in the solid insulation or contamination on the liquid insulation.

Further analysis is performed to investigate the cause of values beyond the established limits and field users should perform other tests including physicochemical analysis of oil, DGA and of course DFR. The recommended limits for new and service aged power transformer insulation power factor at 20 °C are detailed in Table 18 of IEEE C57.152-2013 [1], and are presented in Table 1:

Table 1. Power factor recommended limits for power transformers as per IEEE C57.152-2013 Insulating liquid

kV rating

Nominal/ PF Serviceability New limit aged limit

Mineral oil

< 230 kV

0.5 %

1.0 %

Mineral oil

>230 kV

0.4 %

1.0 %

Natural ester

All

1.0 %

1.0 %

“The numbers shown here for natural esters are only provisional as there are no correctioncurves established by the industry yet.”

Temperature dependence To be able to determine the correct temperaturecorrection factor, the temperature dependence of the insulation system must be investigated. The susceptibility of the insulation material can be expressed as a function of frequency and temperature [6]:

Where A(T) is a temperature dependent amplitude factor, F(x) a spectral function and ωc(T) a characteristic frequency.

A(T) is constant for cellulose. It means that the shape of the spectrum remains unchanged at different temperatures. The dielectric response moves to higher frequency with temperature increase, or conversely, to higher temperature as frequency increases. One can obtain the same effect by increasing the frequency or increasing the temperature. However, the shape is usually not changed. In the special case of an ideal Debye function, the complex permittivity can be written as:

Where Ea is the activation energy, a term best regarded as an experimentally determined parameter that indicates the sensitivity of the reaction rate to temperature, k is the Boltzmann constant (8.6173324(78) x10-5 eVK-1); and, τ is the relaxation time. From (2) it is clear that the permittivity is a function of in the logarithmic scale.

Equation (1) indicates that the increase of temperature has the same effect as the increase of frequency. To what extent they are related to each other is represented by the activation energy as presented in (2). The curves are examples showing that for a certain increase of temperature, the material with larger activation energy needs to be measured at higher frequency in order to obtain the same permittivity.

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product line Megger The influence of moisture in the cellulose Dielectric response measurements together with insulation mathematical modelling using the so called XY-model [3] are today one of the preferred methods for measuring moisture content of the cellulose insulation in power transformers. The results are normally presented as capacitance and/or dissipation factor / power factor versus a wide frequency spectrum that typically ranges from 1 kHz down to 1 MHz New power transformers are expected to have no more than 0.5 % moisture concentration in cellulose. Throughout service life, normal aging process and the factors stressing the insulation in the transformer will increase the moisture concentration in the cellulose. Operators worldwide will prefer not to exceed 3.5 % moisture in cellulose, as it severely increases the aging process and the risk of failure.

An example of a combined mineral oil and paper insulation inter-winding capacitance is shown in Fig. 2. The moisture concentration of the sample is 1 % and measurements are taken at 5, 20, 35 and 50 °C.

Figure 1. Correction factor curves for different activation energy values Taking only the 60 Hz values and collectingthose in a table, one can see that the PF at 60 Hz may only increase or decrease depending on the temperature condition of the insulation, and, in this case, where the specimen is with only 1 % moisture concentration, the correction factor along the thermal spectrum of 5 °Cand 50 °C is very close to unity. The obtained values can be summarized in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.

Figure 2. Dielectric response in the frequency domain for a sample with 1 % moisture concentrationin the cellulose at 5, 20, 35 and 50 °C

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Figure 3. Thermal behaviour of the PF for the sample with 1 % moisture concentration in the cellulose

Figure 4. Correction factors for PF based on thermal behaviour for the sample with 1 % moistureconcentration Important to highlight here is that all thedielectric responses shown in Fig. 2 develop only one thermal response, as shown in Fig. 3.

The same sample tested at high moisture concentration (3.5 %) in the same thermal spectrum provides a different dielectricresponse (Fig. 5).

Figure 5. Dielectric response in the frequency domain for a sample with 3.5 % moisture concentrationin the cellulose at 5, 20, 35 and 50 °C Following the same procedure as that with a low moisture concentration, the power factor values measured at 60 Hz are presented separately in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.

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Conclusion

Figure 6. Thermal behaviour of the PF for the sample with 3.5 % moisture concentration

The dielectric frequency response methodis nowadays widely used to estimate the moisture concentration of the solid insulation in fluid-filled transformers in terms of capacitance and dissipation factor as a function of frequency. The measured power factor at one specific frequency of an insulation system depends not only on temperature, but also“ on the individual condition of the insulation system under test. When the test is restricted to power frequency measurements only, the accurate effect of temperature is unknown.

The dielectric frequency response taken at only one voltage level and constant temperature allows conversion from the frequency domain into the time domainand, as it has been demonstrated in thisarticle, from frequency domain to the temperature domain. The temperaturefrequency model is essential because it makes possible the normalization of dielectric parameters such as power factor / dissipation factor to the selected reference temperature (20 °C) at the selectedfrequency (50 or 60 Hz). An extended application of the mathematical approach allows normalizing power factor values to any temperature between 5 °C and 60 °C at any frequency value within the frequency measurement range.

Bibliography

Figure 7. Correction factors for PF based on thermal behaviour for the sample with 3.5 %moisture concentration As it can clearly be seen, the temperaturecorrection factor is not a single curvefor all conditions. Aging, moisture andcontamination will have an effect on thedielectric response and one main way toobtain an accurate normalization of power factor values is by using DFR’s feature - individual temperature compensation.

The dielectric response of a fluid-filled transformer is unique, as is its dielectric thermal behaviour. Incorrect correction of power factor values may lead to erratic decisions overestimating its value or underestimating the risk of failure.

[1] IEEE C57.152 – 2013 Guide for DiagnosticField Testing of Fluid-Filled Power Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors [2] NETA ATS – 2013 Standard for Acceptance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems [3] CIGRE TB 445 - Guide for Transformer Maintenance [4] IEEE Std C57.106-2006 Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulating Oil in Equipment [5] IEEE Std C57.12.90-2010 - IEEE Standard Test Code for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers [6] A.K. Jonscher, Dielectric Relaxation in Solids, Chelsea Dielectrics Press, July1983 [7] E. Kuffel, W.S. Zaengl, J. Kuffel, High Voltage Engineering Fundamentals, 2ndedition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000

To advertise call 022-2645 2920 /01/ 02/ 03 022-2643 0319 Email:info@erafamemedia.com marketing@erafamemedia.com

www.electricalpowerinfo.com Picture Courtesy: Megger

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product line Deep Sea Electronics plc

For applications requiring a high current output, the new 30 and 50 Amp Intelligent Battery Chargers from DSE have been designed to offer ultimate performance

D

esigned and manufactured in the UK

by Deep Sea Electronics plc (DSE) the battery chargers provide highly reliable and cool running operation. Expertly engineered, the 30A and 50A battery chargers have been designed to offer high factor and efficiency, resulting in minimal power losses to drive down energy consumption costs for the user.

Using sophisticated microprocessor technology the DSE9474, DSE9484 and the newly released DSE9450, are capable of applying a range of different charging currents depending on battery type and usage, and are ideal for a wide range of applications.

The chargers automatically monitor the battery performance and apply the appropriate charge at the right time and in the right way, thus maximizing the life of the battery and ensuring a reliable and consistent performance throughout the battery life.

The chargers come with a large choice of preset three-stage and optional four-stage charging curves for different battery types, which cover a wide range of application requirements, Small adjustments to these pre-set curves are possible, and for more unusual or specific battery requirements, the chargers have the capability

for bespoke charging curves to be configured, making the products highly flexible. The chargers are configured via the user-friendly DSE Configuration Suite PC software, making changes very simple to complete. A number of chargers can be linked together to provide even greater current outputs for high demand applications.

Each unit comes with a full range of sophisticated built-in functions/ features and battery protections, and communication options are also available to suit a range of different requirements: n RS485 connectivity is included providing communications using Modbus RTU to allow integration into Building Management Systems, n The DSE2541 is a remote display allowing the battery charger to be monitored from up to 1.2 Km away, for example in a nearby office or control/maintenance room. n CAN functionality on both 30/50A chargers..

DSE9450 50 Amp 48 Volt DSE9474 30 Amp 24 Volt DSE9484 30 Amp 12 Volt For more information please refer to the DSE website: www.deepseaplc.com/power

The new digital AVR from DSE provides a simpler and more reliable solution compared to traditional analogue AVR designs.

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raditional analogue AVR designs can be sensitive to changes in ambient temperature, which can contribute to unstable variances in parameter settings.

The new DSEA106 Digital Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) from DSE is designed to digitally regulate the output voltage of an AC alternator using sophisticated electronic engineering. The compact design reduces the need for discreet components making the product both heat efficient and able to cope with the demands of ambient temperature changes effectively, resulting in a much more stable and highly reliable method of voltage control.

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Compatible with a wide range of alternators, the DSEA106 is powered by either a stator auxiliary winding or a shunt system taking the supply from the output windings. Changes to the settings are made via PC so are highly accurate and quick and easy to set up, making it ideal for OEMs and retro fit solutions.

Alternative manual adjustment is also provided for situations where PC connection is not available.

Digital AVR control ensures a smooth, stable, regulated AC output from the alternator and provides a number of desirable benefits: n The ramped or soft start feature helps to minimise voltage overshoot.

n Protection for the alternator and load is provided for loss of voltage by automatically monitoring the voltage sensing connections. n Quadrature CT connection makes it suitable for synchronising and load sharing applications. n DIP Switch selection provides voltage, frequency and stability selection. n Potentiometer adjustment provides adjustments for voltage set points, droop, UFRO, proportional and integral gain.

The DSEA106 is designed and manufactured by DSE in the UK. For further information please refer to the DSE website: www.deepseaplc.com /AVR

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feature UPS

New technology for uninterrupted power supply in India could end rolling blackouts Latest design utilizes the latest advancements in Power Management Technologies to dramatically enhance operational flexibility and performance to include advanced computer controlled inverters, auto switching AC/DC input power controls, advanced Lithium Iron Phosphate battery technology, Ethernet-based SNMP status monitoring, and global AC/ DC power input capabilities.

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U

ninterruptible Power Supplies (UPSs) provide short-term power back-up to sensitive electronic and electrical equipments, where an unexpected power loss could lead to undesirable outcomes. They usually bridge the connected equipment between the utility mains power and other long term back-up power systems like generators. A UPS also provides a â&#x20AC;&#x153;cleanâ&#x20AC;? source of power, meaning they filter the connected equipment from distortions in electrical parameters of the mains

power like noise, harmonics, surges, sags and spikes. A surge resistant UPS or SRUPS is one that has the capability to withstand surges, which are momentary or sustained increases in the mains voltage, and react quickly enough to offer protection to the connected equipment from the same. Usually UPSs run off battery power when the utility mains power is absent.

But the SRUPS developed in this design project uses super capacitors instead of battery packs. The reason for this is that the high energy-densities and medium power-densities offered by super capacitors allow for it to serve two purposes. One is to provide the DC power to operate the UPS in the absence of mains power, as an alternative to batteries. Secondly, super capacitors can withstand heavy momentary high current/ voltage surges due to its high energy-density characteristics.

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The mass proliferation of computers and distributed control systems in process control rooms and solidstate device driven machines in plants has resulted in increased electrical spikes, over/undervoltages, outages, and higher rate of wear and tear on equipment.

Also as the life-time of super capacitors is much higher than that of conventional batteries and as they do not need regular topping-up or inspection, the end result is a truly maintenance-free UPS. Most commercial UPSs do n o t have inherent surge protection capabilities.

The UPS is one entity while a discrete surge protection module is inserted between the utility mains and the UPS to provide for transient surge suppression. In the proposed SRUPS, the super capacitor, because of their inherent capability to absorb transient surges, forms a protective front end to the actual UPS rather than needing to have the involvement of discrete protection devices.

The technology:

The mass proliferation of computers and distributed control systems in process control rooms and solid-state device driven machines in plants has resulted in increased electrical spikes, over/undervoltages, outages, and higher rate of wear and tear on equipment. The underlying cause of these phenomena is that nonlinear electrical loads are being used more frequently in the control room and plant environment. The uninterruptible power

supply (UPS) has been the mainstay of power solutions for conditioning and backup in the industrial environment.

The traditional UPS design for highperformance, high-reliability applications has been the application of the double conversion topology, in single-phase output configuration, using passive output harmonic filters to mitigate the ill-effects of nonlinear loads on traditional UPS systems. Unfortunately, passive output harmonic filters are expensive, require additional foot-print and cannot adapt themselves to changing load environment.

In the context of modern process control plants and current economic conditions, passive filters are ineffective in delivering the lowest cost, smallest footprint solution.

This paper describes the latest advances in the design of singlephase UPS systems incorporating real-time, dynamic digital feedback control to accommodate nonlinear loads.

Circuit Diagram consideration for Inverter: The push-pull configuration of inverter is used for designing of inverter for ON-Line UPS. For switching operation MOSFET Switches IRFP150 are used.

For that MOSFET switches MOSFET driver IR2110 is used. The output from pin 33 and 34 as PWM waveforms are fed to pin 5 and pin 7 of the level shifter CD4504. The level shifter shifts voltages from +5 V to +12 V (low to high). The 12 V output from level shifter CD4504 is fed to pin 10 and pin 12 of MOSFET driver IR2110. The power supply for MOSFET driver IR2110 is connected at pin 6 which is as shown in Figure 4. When one switch is ON at that time other switch is OFF, therefore dead band circuit is not required for push-pull arrangement of inverter. For MOSFET diver IR2110, isolated power supply is not required because sources of both the MOSFET switches are grounded.

The resistor connected at gate of MOSFET is used for current limiting. The capacitors connected across the MOSFET switches are used for snubbing

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feature telecome sector

Global Telecom Tower Power System Global Telecom Tower Power System Market Expected to Expand at a CAGR of 12.2% Due to Growing Penetration of Advanced Network Technologies, such as 3G, 4G and LTE

F

uture Market Insights (FMI) delivers key insights on the global telecom tower power system market in its latest report titled, “Telecom Tower Power System Market: Global Industry Analysis and Opportunity Assessment 2015 - 2025”. According to the report, the global telecom tower power system market is expected to expand at a CAGR of 12.2% during the forecast period (2015–2025). Telecom towers are necessary for delivering communication services within a specified region. Depending on the size, frequency and power ratings of the transmitter, telecom towers demonstrate different cellular ranges. Telecom towers are either owned by individual telecom service providers, or shared among multiple service providers in order to save capital and operational costs.

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On assessing various factors that are driving the market growth, FMI analyst said, â&#x20AC;&#x153;LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and 4G network technologies offer higher speeds, faster connection times and less round-trip latency. Consequently, the demand for LTE is expected to increase during the forecast period. The demand for LTE is expected to propel the development of improved telecom infrastructure that would, in turn, increase the demand for telecom tower power systemsâ&#x20AC;?. The analyst added that, by providing continuous power supply to the telecom towers, customer can receive desired uninterrupted telecom services.

Telecom tower companies and telecom service providers use multiple power supply sources to provide continuous power to the telecom towers. Telecom companies use a combination of diesel generators, batteries and renewable energy sources to maintain an uninterrupted power supply. The shift in customer preferences towards uninterrupted and high speed telecom services is expected to propel the growth of the global telecom tower power system market over the forecast period. As the network technologies are changing, the telecom tower and telecom service providers need to upgrade the infrastructure as well. Also, in order to ease the impact on profit margins (by reducing the Operational Expenditures (OPEX) and Capital Expenditures (CAPEX) associated with telecom infrastructure and services), telecom companies across the globe are opting for consolidation.

The global telecom tower power system market is segmented on the basis of product type into unreliable grid

The global telecom tower power system market is segmented on the basis of product type into unreliable grid and off-grid.

In the future, telecom tower power system companies should continue investing in the APEJ and the Middle East & Africa market.

and off-grid. Among these, demand for unreliable grid is significant, and the segment is estimated to account for 67% revenue share of the global telecom tower power system market by the end of 2015. As per FMI estimates, this segment is projected to expand at a CAGR of 12.6% during the forecast period.

On the basis of power source, the global unreliable grid telecom tower power system market is segmented into diesel generator, diesel generator + battery and renewable energy. The diesel generator + battery segment is estimated to account for 45.5% share of the global unreliable grid telecom tower power system market by the end of 2015. According to FMI estimates, the diesel generator + battery segment of the global unreliable grid telecom tower power system market would expand at a CAGR of 8.6% between 2015 and 2025, to reach up to US$ 1,279.6 Million by 2025. The renewable energy segment is estimated to account for 38.6% share of the global unreliable grid telecom tower power system market by the end of 2015, and is forecast to expand at a CAGR of 16.4% through 2025. Currently, telecom towers with unreliable grid are largely powered with diesel generator + battery, and this

trend is expected to change during the forecast period, as the renewable energy segment is expected to surpass the diesel generator + battery segment by the end of 2016.

Growing demand for renewable power supply systems, competition to deliver uninterrupted telecom services, rising number of Internet users and change in customer preferences are expected to fuel demand for telecom tower power system, globally, during the forecast period. In addition, economic revival in regions such as Eastern Europe, Western Europe and North America and economic growth in regions such as APEJ and Latin America are factors that are expected to propel growth of the global telecom tower power system market over the forecast period.

The global telecom tower power system market is segmented on the basis of regions into North America, Eastern Europe, Middle East & Africa, Asia Pacific Excluding Japan (APEJ), Western Europe, Latin Amewwwrica and Japan.

The APEJ market is estimated to account for 42.8% revenue share of the global telecom tower power system market by the end of 2015, and is expected to continue to dominate the global market over the forecast period. The APEJ market is projected to expand at a CAGR of 14.4% over the forecast period In the future, telecom tower power system companies should continue investing in the APEJ and the Middle East & Africa market. Telecom tower and telecom service providers should focus on investing in the renewable energy sources to reduce their carbon footprint.

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product line DEIF India Pvt. Ltd

DEIF’s Hydro Turbine Control Solutions

C

onventional hydro turbine control systems are generally complex and fragmented setups that include a general purpose PLC, separate generator protection relays, synchronisers, governors, water level controls and other auxiliary control systems. These old generation hydro turbine control and protection systems may no longer be up to the task of meeting today’s requirements for cost-effective and reliable operation of the hydro power plant. These systems may also be vulnerable to failures due to their complex nature. The suppliers/manufacturers of these systems being diverse and small & medium enterprise, which implies that you as a customer may not get the support when required, which could result in decreasing availability and deteriorating operational reliability of your power plant that can land in loss of revenue.

DEIF, a company of Danish origin with global presence, is one of the world leaders in control solution for the power generation systems on land and marine segments. DEIF with its eight decade of experience has developed control solutions for hydro power, the largest and most economical source of renewable energy on Earth. In order to guarantee optimised power plant operations, increase safety and simplify maintenance; DEIF has developed integrated solutions that are capable of performing large number of functions compared to standard systems. Due to our integrated products and solutions we can reduce the maintenance costs to a minimum.

DEIF India Pvt. Ltd., a subsidiary of DEIF A/S, Denmark,is the Centre of Excellence for Hydro Power applications.DEIF India develops and provides innovative solutions for power management and control of micro, mini and small hydro power generating sets for the whole world. Our systems have been installed successfully in large number of hydro power plants countrywide over a very short time span.Our product Delomatic,is used by numerous renowned OEMs and end usersincludingHimachal Pradesh State Electricity Board Ltd.and Uttarakhand Jal Vidyut Nigam Ltd., the stateswith maximum hydro power potential in India.

maintenance and other services. By doing so, we offer a highest degree of operational safety and efficiency.

Technology through innovative solutions DEIF invests heavily in research and development globally, to provide state-of-the-art technology that meets customers’ needs and stay at the forefront of technological innovation.

The expertise and vision of our designers and their partnership with different fields of power control equipment such as Marine, Steam, Gas and Diesel; allows us to consistently offer cutting-edge technology to our customers in Hydroelectricity generation sector as well.

Tailor-made solutions for specific requirements Every project is different in terms of challenges and requirements.Local conditions or budget limitations are also determining factors for hydropower projects. DEIF offers integrated andcost-efficient solutions of different scope according to customer-specific requirements and capabilities.

In the development process our goal is to maximize efficiency by customising our solutions to reach the best possible solution for each client, thus gearing up the customer’s profit to a higher level.

Hydro Turbine Generator Control

Globally local existence Our “glocal” approach combines leveraging global experience with strong local presence and expertise. Our local experts work hand-in-hand with you to meet your exact needs at every stage of the project. Working as a part of your team, DEIF’s process helps to define problems, identify solutions and develop ideas in a manner which will provide the most successful and appropriate end results. DEIF HYDRO is supported by global sales and service setup which gives us a global reach and the ability to serve our customers in any corner of the world.

After completion of the project, DEIF offers an extensive local support network in order to ensure high availability of

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A customised solution, DEIF’s integrated hydro turbine generator controlsolutions economizes installation costs significantly by using fewer components and lesser wiring compared to systems that require multiple units to provide synchronisation, protection and PLC functionality.

Delomatic 4 (DM-4) Hydro-controlled plants offer fully automated control for stable optimised operation and require less maintenance and fewer man hours. The Delomatic 4 Hydro

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product line DEIF India Pvt. Ltd

is compatible with all types of turbines and flexible and easy to adapt with simple parameter settings.Critical functions such as speed governing, generator protections and synchronising are fully integrated with passwordprotected features for maximum security.

The controller’s Human Machine Interface (HMI) is easy to operate. Based on the graphic screens embedded in the DM-4 Hydro unit itself, the screens are uploaded to a PC like any other interactive webpage graphics using USB or TCP/IP communication, enabling simple password-protected remote control and monitoring.

The advantages to DEIF’s Delomaticsolution go beyond savings, wiring, construction, engineering and maintenance. It is also a flexible solution equally suited for new installations and retrofits, designed to control hydro turbinegenerators ranging from 2 kW to 20MW along with its auxiliary equipment.

DelomaticHydro Features n Hydro Turbine Controller for Parallel with Mains or Stand-alone Generator n Speed and Load Control n Valve Controls (main/drain/fill) n Water Level Control n Turbine control, auxiliary control, protection and supervision n Generator control, Autosynchronisationprotection and supervision n Dedicated HMI touch screen operator panel DEIF’s hydro control systems are not only suitable for new installations but also can be used to upgrade existing plants that can give you following key benefits.

Key benefits

Featuresof Delomatic 4 Hydro

098

Types of hydro turbines Francis

Kaplan

Pelton

Automatic Start-Stop control

3

3

3

Sequencing Control (Auxiliaries Controls)

3

3

3

Speed & Load Control

3

3

3

Over speed protection with Redundant speed sensor input

3

3

3

HMI with Mini SCADA

3

3

3

Future proof communication (TCP/IP)

3

3

3

Protection – Turbine & Generator

3

3

3

Synchronisation – Auto & Manual

3

3

3

Voltage & Power Factor control

3

3

3

Site selectable CT & PT inputs

3

3

3

Standalone (island) control

3

3

3

Parallel with grid control

3

3

3

Load sharing

3

3

3

Water level control

3

3

3

n Product dedicated to hydro turbines, for new and retrofitted plants n Modular design n Extremely reliable and robust n Can sustain the harshest conditions n Short commissioning time, easy installation and operation n Increased plant availability, operational flexibility, reliability, and safety n Amplified power generation n Boosted revenues n Optimized plant operating life n Reduced service and maintenance costs

References We have supplied control systems for hydro projects with total 55 MW of capacity in India alone, for various hydro installations.

For more information, please feel free to write us at india@deif.comor contact DEIF IndiaPvt. Ltd. on (+91) 22 4245 2000.

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