LIFEmagazine 2023/24 ISSUE 1 by ENSOEBS

L I E F magazine

2023/24ISSUE1

Editor’s note / Jasmine Lau

Embracing nature: A journey of discovery/

Leanne Cheung (Text), Human Ip (Illustration)

ROADKILL-Captured on lens / Jasmine Lau

ENSO and ecology / Leo Tse

San Tin Technopole: the Centre of Controversies / Raphael Chan

Editor’s note

As our term comes to an end, LIFEmagazine has been published. This year's theme is "To be a Naturalist." As future ecologists, we sometimes get trapped in the mindset of seeing nature as just something to study, forgetting to appreciate its beauty.

Attached below is the definition for a “naturalist” according to Cambridge Dictionary. For me, a Naturalist is someone who observes and studies the natural world, fostering a deep appreciation for its wonders and complexities. They inspire us to connect with nature, not just scientifically, but emotionally.

We extend our heartfelt thanks to our interviewees for sharing their insights and passion. Thank you for reminding us of the beauty and importance of nature in our lives.

Featured in the magazine are two articles written by our executive comittee members where we try to utilize our ecological knowledge into understanding ourselves, our environment and learning to protect it.

Jasmine Lau

EMBRACING NATURE: A JOURNEY OF DISCOVERY

Explore, appreciate, and protect the beauty that surrounds us

In today's fast-paced world, many individuals find solace and inspiration in nature. Hong Kong – a tiny place but with rich biodiversity, gathers people who embrace the beauty of nature and Human Ip is one of them, a passionate writer and artist who has dedicated her time to exploring and documenting the beauty of Hong Kong's ecology. Her journey into the realm of nature writing began over a decade ago, driven by personal challenges and a deep desire to connect with the natural world.

About ten years ago, she faced a tumultuous period in her life, she found herself in a dark place. During this difficult time, she was invited to write a book about nature in Hong Kong titled《尋花》 "Seeking Flowers", which combined her love for writing and painting, and in her words, a more traditional way of recording. This project allowed her to escape her troubles and immerse herself in the beauty of nature. She went on hiking expeditions through the mountains regularly. This chance to disconnect from her worries and reconnect with nature proved transformative. Over the course of a year, she poured her heart into her writing, culminating in the publication of her first book. This success opened doors for further explorations into the world of nature writing, leading her to delve deeper into the stories of animals and plants in subsequent works.

The Learning Journey

Each book she writes takes about a year and a half to two years. Her latest project, 《隱⼭之⼈ In situ-- 短篇⼩說集》, captures the essence of daily life amidst nature. Writing is not always without its challenges; she often faces writer’s block but finds inspiration in the simplicity of her surroundings. By blending literature with scientific observations, she aims to offer a fresh perspective on nature that resonates with readers.

Embracing Village Life

Moving to a rural village, she discovered the profound connection between culture and ecology.

The village, rich in Hakka traditions, provided a backdrop for her work. The slower pace of life allowed her to observe the cyclical changes of the seasons and develop her artistic voice. In 2020, she participated in an art revitalization project in Mui Tsz Lam Village, creating ecological murals that celebrated local wildlife. This project not only beautified the village but also educated the community about the importance of preserving their natural habitat.

Inspiration and Future Aspirations

Today, she continues to draw inspiration from her surroundings and is committed to sharing her insights with others. She believes in nurturing a love for nature among young people, encouraging them to appreciate the beauty in both the grand landscapes and the small details. As she reflects on her journey, she remains hopeful and excited about the future. Her mission is to foster a greater appreciation for Hong Kong’s rich biodiversity and to inspire the next generation of nature enthusiasts.

In a world where technology often overshadows the natural environment, stories like hers remind us of the importance of reconnecting with nature. Through writing and art, she invites us all to explore, appreciate, and protect the beauty that surrounds us. Whether hiking through the mountains or simply enjoying a quiet moment in the park, let us embrace the wonders of the natural world and find inspiration in its many forms.

Leanne Cheung (Text), Human Ip (Illustration)

Scan me to know more! about her drawing process

ROADKILLCAPTURED ON LENS

Earlier this year, the exhibition LIFE (CYCLE) OF THE HONG KONG NEWT appeared in the streets of Sham Shui Po, generating significant interest among naturalists. The exhibition explored the secret life of the Hong Kong newt (Paramesotriton hongkongensis), highlighting one of its greatest threats: roadkill. We were fortunate to record a podcast with the exhibition's curator, Fung Hon Shing, who offered valuable insights into the lives of these remarkable creatures and shared his experiences as a wildlife documentary filmmaker.

Jasmine: Jasmine Lau // Shing: Fung Hon Shing

Jasmine: What's so special about the featured newt?

Shing: It's the only tailed amphibian species (Caudates) native to Hong Kong, named after the region. First discovered in the 1960s, it has since been found in small populations throughout the Greater Bay Area, so it’s not entirely endemic. It holds a special status as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List and is protected under the Wild Animal Protection Ordinance (Cap. 170). Therefore, when you see one in the wild, it's important not to touch, harass, or capture it.

Jasmine: It sounds like a unique native species! With its brownish-black back and red-spotted belly each newt has a unique pattern, like a fingerprint. Why choose this species for the project, and why focus on roadkill?

Shing: Its uniqueness is part of the reason. In addition to its morphology, I’ve spent considerable time observing them in the wild. I worked part-time at HKU as a research assistant, studying certain viruses carried by the newts, sampling them across Hong Kong's hills and streams I witnessed their behaviors fighting, mating, and egg development and from a photographer's perspective, I found them incredibly beautiful.

Larvae of Hong Kong Newt Photographer: Fung Hon Shing

<excerpt from podcast transcript>

Other than threats such as destroyed habitats, environmental pollution...these newts are also suseptible to poaching, appearing at the exotic pet markets. And one thing that I found very, very visually striking was when some netizens posted photos of their sightings at the Kowloon Peak on FaceBook with tens and hundreds of their carcasses on the road. They were all roadkill.

After I saw this phenomenom, I felt my story on newts was complete. And also deserved more publicity. I wanted to raise awareness about their plight, so I came up with the idea for an exhibition, and of course just photos and films wouldn’t suffice. reached out to friends who specialize in exhibition design and scientific illustrations. Creating a documentary requires a crew, and setting up an exhibition is no different. For example, there needs to be someone working on graphic design, color schemes, and the design of souvenirs. Together we brought the exhibition to life!

Jasmine: Why did you choose film over...let say, research or other fields?

Shing: I've always been fascinated by Hong Kong's avifauna since I was young. Watching wildlife documentaries, like BBC's "Man's Heritage," and reading guides on local wildlife made me "that kid who liked wild animals."

In secondary school, I got a telephoto lens and started photographing birds across Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, and the New Territories. After learning about the ecosystem, I decided to use photography to introduce our species to the public.

Left: Shing performing daily maintenence of newt roadkill displays. Up: Photos of Hong Kong Newt carcass, photographed by Shing

Jasmine: Have you considered working for the BBC or other professional documentary teams, given your initial inspirations?

Shing: Yes, definitely! How do I verse this... However, Hong Kong is small, and I've had positive experiences here. My first film was on Grey-tailed Tattlers (Feast on Soldier Crab) in 2017. After I uploaded it to YouTube, it gained traction, leading to invitations from various Hong Kong NGOs like HKBWS and WWF for freelance projects. This eventually led to collaborations with RTHK and AFCD. As a result, I co-founded Frigatefilms with friends in the field. We're making good progress in Hong Kong, so I don’t have plans to work overseas just yet.

Curious about how a brief idea transformed into a years-long project that's still ongoing? Want to learn more about the behind-the-scenes work? How did Shing evolve from a photography enthusiast to a documentary filmmaker?

Scan the QR code to listen to the full conversation!

Jasmine Lau(Text)

Top: Frigatefilms (natural history production company)

Right: fhs wildlife (Shing’s YouTube channel)

Interior design of LIFE (CYCLE) OF THE HONG KONG NEWT, with documentary playing behind

ENSO AND ECOLOGY

The word “ENSO” is one with many meanings. For one, it is the name of our Cabinet, derived from the Japanese zen word for “circle”. Another meaning that the word holds is “El Niño Southern Oscillation”, a large scale “climatic phenomenon involving fluctuating ocean temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific”. (1)

WHAT IS THE EL NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION?

As a climate phenomenon which can heavily affect temperature, precipitation patterns and general atmospheric circulation(2), ENSO can be massively influential on both terrestrial(3) and aquatic(4) ecosystems on a global scale. To understand its effects, we should first look at the two main phases which this climate phenomenon can occur in.

ENSO occurs in three main phases: El Niño, La Niña, and the Neutral phase(2). The El Niño phase describes one which warmer ocean water temperatures near the Equatorial Pacific(5), causing increased rainfall in the Eastern Pacific near Peru, and drought in the Western Pacific(5) among other effects. These events can last for anywhere from 9 months to several years(6). On the other hand, the La Niña phase describes the cooling of surface ocean water near the Equatorial Pacific(7). Due to being the counterpart to El Niño, its effects are similarly reversed, with decreased rainfall in the Eastern Pacific near Peru and vice versa.

HOW IT AFFECTS ECOSYSTEMS

The effects of ENSO over ecosystems vary based on the phase and the ecosystem in question. For terrestrial ecosystems, the increase (or decrease) in moisture can significantly alter plant distribution, with arid regions experiencing substantial increases in vegetative growth and covering, in some cases upwards of 84%(3,8). However, this increase in precipitation can also allow for the establishment of woodland and shrubland which persist long after the El Niño has passed.(3) This influx of plant growth likewise affects the dynamics of animal communities in the area. During rainy years caused by ENSO, “the amount and relative importance of in situ terrestrial productivity increases, herbivores increase, and allochthonous input becomes relatively and absolutely less important”(9) due to the massive increase in plant matter available.

In the case of marine ecosystems, the increase in sea surface temperatures during El Niño cuts off the upwelling of deep-sea nutrients into the euphotic zone, significantly decreasing phytoplankton populations and in turn, the higher levels of the food chain(10). Conversely, La Niña events increases the upwelling in deep-sea nutrients, and the colder waters also attract “more cold-water species, like squid and salmon, to places like the California coast”(10). In shallow-water marine ecosystems, the increased seawater temperature also has significant impacts on keystone species, such as coral (bleaching) and kelp (starvation due to lack of nutrients)(11).

WHAT ABOUT ECOSYSTEMS IN HONG KONG?

Of course, the effects of ENSO can also be felt in Hong Kong. According to the Hong Kong Observatory, El Niño phases increase rainfall but decreases the number of tropical cyclones, whilst La Niña increases the number of tropical cyclones during August-October(12). But how does it affect the local ecosystem? One study conducted on Gyrodinium aureolum algae blooms in Hong Kong revealed that there were large-scale red tides along the south China coast which coincided with El Niño events, likely due to an increased presence of agricultural run-off allowing temperature fluctuations from ENSO events to trigger large algal blooms(13). However, the effect of ENSO events on the local ecosystem is still largely understudied, and further research is essential to fully understand the complex interactions between these climatic phenomena and the ecological balance in Hong Kong’s environments.

References

1.ElNiñoSouthernOscillation(ENSO).WorldHealthOrganization.AccessedNovember15,2024.https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/el-nino-southernoscillation(enso)#:~:text=El%20Ni%C3%B1o%20Southern%20Oscillation%20(ENSO)%20is%20a%20naturally%20occurring%20large,changes%20in%20the%20overlying%20atmos phere.

2.L’HeureuxM.Whatistheelniño–southernoscillation(ENSO)inanutshell?NOAAClimate.gov.May5,2014.AccessedNovember15,2024. https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/what-el-ni%C3%B1o%E2%80%93southern-oscillation-enso-nutshell.

3.HolmgrenM,SchefferM,EzcurraE,GutiérrezJR,MohrenGMJ.ElNiñoeffectsonthedynamicsofterrestrialecosystems.TrendsinEcology&Evolution. 2001;16(2):89-94.doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(00)02052-8

4.LinI,CamargoSJ,PatricolaCM,etal.Ensoandtropicalcyclones.GeophysicalMonographSeries.PublishedonlineOctober23,2020:377-408. doi:10.1002/9781119548164.ch17

5.WhatisElNiño?WhatisElNiño?|ElNinoThemePage-AcomprehensiveResource.AccessedNovember15,2024.https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/elnino/what-is-el-nino.

6.ElNiñoexpectedtolastatleastuntilApril2024.WorldMeteorologicalOrganization.November14,2023.AccessedNovember15,2024.https://wmo.int/news/mediacentre/el-nino-expected-last-least-until-april-2024#:~:text=El%20Ni%C3%B1o%20occurs%20on%20average,and%20eastern%20tropical%20Pacific%20Ocean.

7.WhatisLaNiña?WhatisLaNiña?|ElNinoThemePage-AcomprehensiveResource.AccessedNovember15,2024.https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/elnino/what-is-la-nina.

8.AustinMP,WilliamsOB.Influenceofclimateandcommunitycompositiononthepopulationdemographyofpasturespeciesinsemi-aridAustralia.Temporaland SpatialPatternsofVegetationDynamics.Publishedonline1988:43-49.doi:10.1007/978-94-009-2275-4_4

9.PolisGA,HurdSD,JacksonCT,PiñeroFS.ElNiñoeffectsonthedynamicsandcontrolofANISLANDecosystemintheGulfofCalifornia.Ecology.1997;78(6):1884-1897. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[1884:enoeot]2.0.co;2

10.USDepartmentofCommerceNOandAA.WhatareElNinoandLaNina?March26,2009.AccessedNovember15,2024. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ninonina.html.

11.McPhadenMJ,SantosoA,CaiW.Introductiontoelniñosouthernoscillationinachangingclimate.GeophysicalMonographSeries.PublishedonlineOctober23, 2020:528.doi:10.1002/9781119548164.ch1

12.TheimpactofElNiñoandLaNiñaonhongkongclimate.HongKongObservatory.AccessedNovember15,2024.https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/lrf/enso/enso-impact.htm.

13.YinK,HarrisonP,ChenJ,HuangW,QianP.RedTidesduringSpring1998inHongKong:isElNiñoresponsible?MarineEcologyProgressSeries.1999;187:289-294. doi:10.3354/meps187289

Leo Tse(Text) (12)

SanTinTechnopole: theCentreofControversies

Numerous issues and controversies concerning the field of ecology and biodiversity have occurred over the past year within our term of cabinet, including but limited to current affairs such as South Lantau Eco-Recreation Corridor proposal in May 2024(1), legislative review on the protection of marine mammals suggested by AFCD in October 2024(2), and the establishment of the North Lantau Marine Park in November 2024(3). However, the San Tin Technopole Controversy should be with no doubt one of the most controversial topics regarding conservation in recent years.

What is San Tin Technopole?

San Tin Technopole is a development project first suggested by the Government in October 2021 as part of the Northern Metropolis Development Strategy(4). The aim of the project was to develop a hub in Hong Kong for innovation and technology in close proximity with the Mainland city Shenzhen(4). Geographically, the construction project spans over much of the San Tin area in the Northwest New Territories, developing around 627 hectares of land mainly for residential, I&T development and infrastructural land use(5).

The proposal has currently passed official administrative procedures regarding public consultation, Environmental Impact Assessment Report and the Town Planning Board. It is now under the review of the Financial Committee of the Legislative Council for a funding appropriation of HKD 30 billion(6) and once it is passed, the Government prospects to have the first batch of land of the Technopole formed in 2026(7).

The developmental plan has sparked much environmental debate since it was proposed.

Fig.: Aerial View of San Tin (April, 2020, by Wikipedia user -Wpcpey on https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:San Tin Aerial view 202004 jpg)

Fig : Impression on the Technopole

Background Story of Wetlands

The proposed area of the Technopole sits east and right next to Mai Po and Inner Deep Bay, a site recognized by the Ramsar Convention(8), an intergovernmental treaty that recognizes and advocates to conserve wetlands around the world of high international ecological importance(9).

To protect this fragile and ecological precious piece of wetland, the Planning Department set up two boundaries that created the Wetland Conservation Area (WCA) and Wetland Buffer Area (WBA) in 1992(8)

WCA covers the landward part Ramsar site recognized by the convention and restricts any land development within unless for conservation, environmental education purposes or is of essential infrastructure, and requires a compulsory ecological impact assessment; while WBA is a buffer zone outside WCA and restricts any development with significant impact on the area(10). The guidelines are currently maintained by the Town Planning Board(10).

The area includes an extremely high diversity of waterbirds, with more than 220 species in Mai Po and 168 in Inner Deep Bay as of a 1997 ecological assessment(8). Globally threatened species including the critically endangered Spoon-billed Sandpiper and the endangered Black-faced Spoonbill could also be found in the area(8). The region also supports most of and the largest of Hong Kong’s egretries(8), nesting colonies formed by herons and egrets. Flight paths and corridors of these birds extend from the outskirts of WBA into the mudflats of the Ramsar site(8).

San Tin: Discrepancy in Wetland Conservation and Destruction

The San Tin Technopole project involves filling of around 90 ha of fishponds and affects approximately 247 ha of WCA and WBA12. Sightings of rare and endangered birds such as the critically endangered Baer's Pochard(14,20), endangered Black-faced Spoonbill(19,20), critically endangered Yellowbreasted Bunting were recorded in the area and nearby(20). These avians could serve as important indicator species on the region’s ecological function(8), and if the construction results in an absence of them would mean the area’s ecology was negatively impacted significantly. Concerns on whether the destruction of the fishponds was necessary and rejections based on ecological perspective were voiced by several environmental groups such as The Conservation Association(13), Hong Kong Bird Watching Society(14), Greenpeace Hong Kong(17) etc

In the original 2021 proposal (Northern Metropolis Development Strategy), the Government mentions suggests a creating three Wetland Conservation Parks (WCPs), namely Nam Sang Wai WCP (proposed to occupy 400 ha), Sam Po Shue WCP (520 ha) and Hoo Hok Wai WCP (300 ha), to create environmental capacity and achieve “Co-existence of Development and Conservation”(4).

Fig : Grey Heron (by Davidvraju on Wikipedia Commons)

Fig : Black-faced Spoonbill (by Alnus on Wikipedia Commons)

However, when the Outline Development Plan of the San Tin Technopole was released by the government on May 2024, environmental groups were disappointed that the updated plan did not mention neither of Nam Sang Wai and Hoo Hok Wai WCPs, and the area of Sam Po Shue WCP was reduced to around 300 ha only(13,14)

Furthermore, in the Outline Development Plan, the proposed area of the Technopole also elapsed 150 ha of WCA(14). The elapsed area was also part of the original area of Sam Po Shue WCP(14). Call outs on respecting the boundaries of WCA and WBA, and whether the infrastructural project was essential to be built on ecologically sensitive areas were voiced(13,14,17).

The filling of the 90 ha of fishponds also raised hesitations on whether the Technopole project fulfils the Town Planning Board’s principle of “no-net-loss in wetland” for town developments in the Deep Bay Area(10,18).

These approaches led to general criticism and suspicion on whether the Government was whole-hearted in conserving the wetlands whilst promoting the Technopole’s construction (13,14).

Debate was also sparked on the original intention of WCPs, whether it should be used to conserve wetlands with significant ecological value and increase its environmental capacity(16), or merely be used as a redemption of ecological value lost during urban development(13).

The Develop Bureau addressed the shrinkage of Sam Po Shue WCP several months later in October 2023 in a press conference and stated that the “520 hectares” of the Sam Po Shue WCP was not a promise(15).

As of date, the San Tin Technopole project carried on and passed the Town Planning Board with insignificant changes in the development plan despite all the controversies aroused.

More Debates?

The aforementioned issue is only the tip of the iceberg of the San Tin Technopole Development controversy Other controversies include but are not limited to the pass of the problematic Environmental Impact Assessment Report presented for public consultation and Advisory Council on the Environment review(21,22), the underestimated effect of the project on the near threatened and locally protected Eurasian Otter(23), the effectiveness of the designs of Technopole building heights on minimising blockage to flight paths of birds(21), allegations of destruction at sites of the proposed WCPs prior to conservation work and the inefficiency in law-enforecement(24), , suspected violations of ecological protection principles proposed by the Mainland Government(25), slow development of proposed WCPs(26), design of wildlife corridors in the Technopole(23) etc.

Fig.: Revised Recommended Outline Development Plan of San Tin Technopole

The Society also voiced its concerns on the San Tin Technopole Outline Zoning Plan (S/STT/1) during the Town Planning Board’s public consultation and meeting, and petitioned with other green groups for the Board’s rejection of the zoning plan(25). The petition documents would be displayed below.

Call for action !

Controversies concerning the San Tin Technopole development are numerous. We would like to raise awareness of the issue , for everyone to acknowledge the development of our precious wetlands in San Tin and the proposed Northern Metropolis. Knowledge is power, let us take action to protect the ecology and biodiversity of Hong Kong whenever it is needed.

Sources and References

https://wwwafcdgovhk/english/publications/publications press/pr3053html

2 NorthLantauMarneParkestablished Agriculture,FisheriesandConservationDepartment November1,2024 AccessedNovember17,2024 https://wwwafcdgovhk/english/publications/publications press/pr3055htm

3 NorthernMetropolisDevelopmentStrategy October6 2021 AccessedNovember17 2024 https://wwwpolicyaddressgovhk/2021/eng/pdf/publications/Northern/Northern-Metropois-Development-Strategy-Reportpdf

4 RevisedRecommendedOutlineDevelopmentPlan AccessedNovember17,2024 https://nm-santintechhk/en/land-use-proposal/rodp/

5 WorkFocusesofDevelopmentBureauintheChiefExecutve’s2024PolicyAddress LegislativeCounclPanelonDevelopment October,2024 AccessedNovember17,2024 https://wwwlegcogovhk/yr2024/english/panels/dev/papers/dev20241022cb1-13463-epdf

6 GovernmentpressngaheadwithSanTinTechnopoleproject 20September,2024 AccessedNovember17,2024 https://wwwinfogovhk/gia/general/202409/20/P2024092000142htm?fontSize=1

7 Mei W S DeepBay naminute HongKongBrdWatchingSociety AccessedNovember17 2024 https://cmshkbwsorghk/cms/en/hkbws/work/monitor/other-monitor/knowing-deep-bay-en

8 TheConventiononWetlands AccessedNovember17,2024 https://wwwramsarorg/ 9 TOWN PLANNING BOARD GUIDELINES FOR APPLICATION FOR DEVELOPMENTS WITHIN DEEP BAY AREA UNDER SECTION 16 OF THE TOWN PLANNING ORDINANCE Town Planning Board May 2014 Accessed November 17 2024 https://wwwtpbgovhk/en/forms/Guidelines/pg12c epdf 10 吳希⽂：新⽥科技城不要為后海灣徒添傷痕明報新聞網 March15,2024 AccessedNovember17,2024 https://bitly/3TQsyOA 11 LegisatveCounci PanelonDevelopmentLandUseProposalofSanTinTechnopole May23 2023 AccessedNovember17 2024 https://wwwlegcogovhk/yr2023/englsh/panels/dev/papers/dev20230523cb1-506-3-epdf

�� ⻑春社 May23,2023 AccessedNovember17,2024 https://wwwfacebookcom/storyphp/?story fbid=238484302143128&id=100079446793208& rdr

13 Criticaly Endangered Baers Pochard discovered in San Tin wetland which is possibly to be reclamed to San Tin Technopole next year Hong Kong Bird Watching society May 24 2023 Accessed November 17 2024 https://wwwfacebookcom/hkbws/posts/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%A5%B5%E5%8D%B1%E9%9D%92%E9%A0%AD%E6%BD%9B%E9%B4%A8%E9%87%8D%E7%8F%BE%E6%96%B0%E7%94%B0%E6%BF%95%E5%9C%B0%E6%98%8E%E5%B9%B4%E6%81%90%E9%81%AD%E5%A1%AB%E4%BD%9C%E6%96%B0%E7%94%B0%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E5%9F%8Eenglish-versionfollows%E4%BB%8A%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%88%E6%88%91%E5%93%8B%E5%98%85%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E5%93%A1%E5%96%BA%E6%96%B0%E7%94%B0%E5%8F%8A%E4%B8%89%E5%AF%B6%E6%A8%B9%E5%98

%E6%81%90%E6%AF%80%E9%BB%91%E8%87%89%E7%90%B5%E9%B7%BA%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E6%A3%B2%E5%9C%B0/163219256548348/

HongKongBirdWatchingSociety AccessedNovember17,2024 https://wwwhkbwsorghk/cms/activites-tw/protectfishpondwetland-tw

Comments on the Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the proposed San Tin / Lok Ma Chau Development Node (EIA-302/2023) Hong Kong Bird Watching Society March 24, 2024 Accessed November 17, 2024 https://cmshkbwsorghk/cms/phocadownload/submissions/EIA/20240302 STLMC EIA HKBWSpdf

10個環團促環諮會建議否決環評 WWFHongKong April17,2024 AccessedNovember17,2024 https://wwwwwforghk/?25903%2FEnvironmental-Impact-Assessment-Report-for-San-TinTechnopole 22 Comments on the EIA Report for the San Tin / Lok Ma Chau Development Node (No EIA-302/2023)

https://wwfhkawsassetspandaorg/downloads/20240301 wwfhk-submission-on-eiareport-for-stlmc-dnpdf

Photocredits: P1(Cover)/Eric P2(Contents),P16(Endpage)/Jasmine