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Three-layer model for living labs Schuurman proposes to make a distinction between three different levels of analysis within living lab phenomena, as living labs are complex entities with various activities and interactions taking place between different actors. This model for living labs is based on a practical and theoretical assessment of different living labs and helps to define more precisely to what activities or phenomena one is referring to.
level macro
meso
The three layers that can be distinguished are the following: a macro level (the Living Lab constellation), the meso level (consisting of a Living Lab innovation project) and the micro level (consisting of the different methodological research steps).
definition
research paradigm
Living Lab constellation consisting
Open Innovation:
of organized stakeholders (PPP-partnership)
knowledge transfers between organizations
Living Lab innovation project with
Open & User Innovation:
Living Lab methodology
real-life experimentation, active user involvement, multi-method and multi-stakeholder
micro
individual research steps and activities,
User Innovation: user involvement
linked to the stakeholders’ assets and capabilities
& contribution for innovation