An International forum for Engineering Response to Major Disasters

World Federation of Engineering Organisations (WFEO) Committee for Disaster Risk Management

An International Forum for Engineering Response to Major Disasters Dr. Marlene Kanga FIEAust CPEng GAICD National Councillor, Engineers Australia Member,WFEO Committee for Disaster Risk Management (CDRM)

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Why focus on natural disasters?

International action for natural disaster risk management Who is WFEO and the CDRM? The activities of the WFEO Committee for Disaster Risk Management Australia’s contribution to the CDRM

TRENDS IN WORLDWIDE NATURAL DISASTERS 1980 - 2010

SOURCE: MUNICH RE TOPICS GEO 2010

NUMBER OF NATURAL CATASTROPHES 1950-2008 (CATEGORY 6 – INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE REQUIRED)

SOURCE: MUNICH RE TOPICS GEO 2008

OVERALL LOSSES AND INSURED LOSSES CAT 6 EVENTS 1950-2010

SOURCE: MUNICH RE TOPICS GEO 2010

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Collaborate at regional and international levels to improve information on natural hazards Focus attention of national governments and policy makers on importance of natural disaster risk management Develop long-term strategies for disaster reduction Share knowledge and build capacity for increased resilience

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OECD

◦ Developed materials to support promote risk education and risk awareness ◦ International network for financial management of natural disaster catastrophes

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UN-ISDR

◦ UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction ◦ HYOGO Framework

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World Federation of Engineering Organisations (WFEO)

◦ Committee for Disaster Risk Management

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UN-ISDR HYOGO Framework UNESCO - International Decade of Education for Sustainable Development Council of Europe – European-Mediterranean Major Hazards Agreement (EUR-OPA) Asia – Asia Disaster Preparedness Center Americas – Eduplan Hemisferico

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Encourage risk-based awareness and education of natural disasters Use hazard mapping to improve risk awareness Use consistent methods for collection and dissemination of data on damage and losses from natural disasters Encourage voluntary risk reduction activities Use disaster risk transfer and financing mechanisms including risk-based disaster insurance Use appropriate risk communication techniques Allocate disaster prevention responsibilities and costs of restoration Promote a culture of long-term and sustained strategy for disaster risk management Continuously monitor awareness and education efforts

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1994 – Yokohama Strategy for a Safer World 2000 – UN- ISDR established 2000 – Millennium Goals for Sustainable Development 2005 - Hyogo key priorities: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦

Governance: organisational, legal and policy frameworks Risk identification, assessment, monitoring, early warning Knowledge management and education Reduction of underlying risk factors Preparedness for effective response and recovery

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Established 1968 under UNESCO Represents 90 Engineering organisations, 15 million engineers Vision “.. developing and applying engineering to constructively resolve international and national issues for the benefit of humanity” 10 Standing Committees Committee for Disaster Risk Management established 2009, hosted by Japan Federation of Engineering Societies (JFES)

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35 members from 14 countries incl. Australia Annual face to face meeting, teleconference and email Established to build capacity for engineers to improve resilience against natural disasters:

◦ Share knowledge and technologies for disaster risk mitigation ◦ Foster studies and document best practices on disaster risk reduction ◦ Disseminate information on disaster risk mitigation strategies – structural and non-structural measures ◦ Facilitate capacity building for engineers in these areas ◦ Promote sustainable development

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See www.wfeo.net

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Seminars, presentation on disaster risk management incl. Brasilia (2008), Buenos Aires (2010) and Geneva (2011) Presentation at UN-ISDR, 2011 Other Seminars and presentation 2008-2011, Japan, USA, Australia Co-ordinate reconnaissance visits to disaster areas and disseminate technical information to mitigate earthquake risks – Chile (2010), New Zealand 2011), East Japan (2011) Development of Manual for ◦ Earthquake risk mitigation ◦ Water based disaster risk management (Draft Dec 2009)

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Capacity Building to improve engineering practices for mitigating seismic risk of structures Chair: Prof. Kazuhiko Kawashima, Science Council of Japan

Task Group 1: Pre- and post-earthquake measures of transportation facilities Task Group 2: Wall structures (masonry structures)

Task Group 3: Quality control and inspection for steel buildings for the enhancement of seismic performance

Task Group 4: Highly protective technologies for buildings

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Aim: To share knowledge on best practices in seismic design – structural measures Review of seismic design and impact of new practices and technologies Structures to be covered include: bridges, tunnels, embankments, embedded structures, liquefaction Includes practical examples of pre- and post earthquake inspections and recommendations for improving seismic performance Contributors from Greece, India, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, the Philippines, Slovenia, Taiwan, Thailand, and US

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Part I. Past Seismic Damage of Transportation Facilities I.1 A Earthquake – performance of structures incl. information from reconnaissance visits I.2 B Earthquake I.3 …….

Part II. Pre-Earthquake measures II.1 Country A Report - Japan II.2 Country B Report II.3 …………….

Part III. Post-Earthquake Measures III.1 Country A Report - Japan

III.2 Country B Report III.3 ……..

Example from CDRM Manual: Practical On-site Evaluation of Damage of Standard Reinforced Concrete Piers C Rank: Minor Damage B Rank: Moderate Damage: Watch carefully for possible damage progress

Residual strength capacity

Residual ductility capacity

A Rank: Major Damage: Immediate suspend the traffic

Example from CDRM Manual: Implementation to On-Site Evaluation of Damage during the 1995 Kobe, Japan, Earthquake

A Rank

Major Damage: Immediate suspension of traffic

B Rank

Moderate Damage: Watch carefully for possible damage extension

C Rank

Minor Damage

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Aim is to disseminate knowledge of current practices in design and construction of masonry structures 10 country reports on curgent design & construction practice Japan, Peru, Chile, Egypt To be published on WFEO Web page

Aim: To reduce incidence of damage due to poor steel quality and construction  Past damage of steel buildings  History of QC and Inspection of Steel BuildingsJapan  Asia's structural steel situation  Proposal for international cooperation in quality control and inspection  Monitoring manufacturing and quality  Practical examples

Example from CDRM Manual: 1995 Kobe, Japan Earthquake

Fracture due to short leg length in fillet welding Lack of knowledge related to structural design Poor workmanship

Example from CDRM Manual: Structural steel construction Design (Designer, Engineer) Design documents instruction Discussion report

Construction site (General contractor)

Inspection

Design documents Instruction Inspection/testing Discussion report

Fabrication shop

Inspection

High quality structural products

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Aim is to disseminate Japan’s extensive knowledge data base for highly protective technologies

Report on mechanism, theory, design, and examples of implementation Base Isolation Technology

Vibration Control Technology

Observed Performance during an earthquake Construction examples

Example from CDRM Manual: Seismic Isolation

Rubber bearing isolator

Steel damper Shaking Lead damper

First high-rise base isolated building (Sendai) – Maximum displacement of isolator was 23 cm and no damage to super structure

Max. height Eaves height

Source: Proposed CDRM Manual

Isolation floor

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Capacity Building to improve engineering practices for mitigating risk of water based natural disasters Chair: Prof. Yoshio Ishii, Chair IAC, Japan Federation Engineering Societies (JFES) Topics in Draft Manual (2009) Fundamentals Floods Tsunamis Further Topics: Drought Storm Surge Contributors from Japan, Canada, Bangladesh, India, China, Korea, Myanmar, Philippines, USA

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Collate basic information on disaster risk management of water related events Transfer technology to mitigate the impact of such events and build safer societies Ensure appropriate technology for the social economic and natural environment Ensure young engineers with little or no experience of natural disasters learn from those with knowledge and experience Engineers in developing countries learn from the experience of developed countries and adopt suitable measures

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Section 1: Trends in water related disasters Impact of climate change Impact on sustainable development Section 2: Basics of Disaster Risk Management Recommended roles for various stakeholders Disaster risk management strategies for floods, sea level rise and drought Section 3: Governance frameworks for WDRM – Legal, structural etc.

Measuring performance Development of mitigation measures Improving preparedness – emergency response, early warning systems, risk financing and insurance, review and recovery of disaster risk management plans

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1. Trends in flood disasters 2. Strategic Flood Disaster Risk Management

◦ Establishing legal frameworks for structural and non-structural measures, planning, operational frameworks and community awareness

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3.Assessment of Flood Disaster Risks

◦ Assessment of vulnerability and capacity, estimates of expected damage

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4. Flood Disaster Mitigation and Prevention

◦ River improvement measurements, flood control structures, flood plain management, maintenance and inspection, response during flood events

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5. Preparedness measures

◦ Flood forecasting and warning, public awareness, emergency response

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6. Emergency Response

◦ Institutional responses, public awareness  

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7. Recovery and Rehabilitation 8. Climate Change Adaptation Strategies

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Source: CDRM WDRM Draft Manual (2009)

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Section 1: Tsunami basics

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What is a tsunami, causes and characteristics

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Section 2: Mitigation of Tsunami risks

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Structural and non-structural measures Tsunami forecasting and early warning systems Emergency response

Section 3: Assessment of Tsunami Disaster Risk

Vulnerability and capacity, indices and other measures to assess tsunami risk

Use of Early Warning System to Mitigate Impact of Tsunami

Tsunami Disaster Risk Management: Structural and Non-structural measures

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Capacity Building essential for developing countries –

◦ Relationship between sustainable economic development and effective disaster risk management ◦ Application of engineering for humanitarian outcomes

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Proposal to complement the activities of existing subcommittees Proposed Chair: Dr. Marlene Kanga Members: Members of the WFEO CDRM and others with expertise

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Develop a Capacity Building Manual which provides information and support to develop disaster risk management practices and programs appropriate to the social and economic needs of the country Focus on good practices such as: ◦ Government governance frameworks ◦ Implementation of non-structural measures e.g. Land use planning ◦ Tools for natural hazard awareness and disaster risk reduction awareness e.g. Natural hazard risk modelling, early warning ◦ Implementation of natural hazard emergency readiness and response plans ◦ Natural hazard risk communication strategies ◦ Natural disaster risk financing ◦ Natural disaster awareness education ◦ Assist with the implementation of the 5 pillars of UNISDR Hyogo Action Framework (HFA)

Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management (2009)

PAKISTAN FLOODS SEPT 2011

THAILAND FLOODS OCTOBER 2011

CHILE EARTHQUAKE FEB 2010