September 2019 by Energy In Buildings & Industry

SEPTEMBER 2019

PROMOTING ENERGY EFFICIENCY

www.eibi.co.uk

In this issue Heating Technology Humidification Smart Buildings CPD Module: Demand Side Response

Humidity and health Why they are closely linked

Changing property landscape Why heating must adapt

Clever thinking How buildings are getting smarter

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SEPTEMBER 2019

PROMOTING ENERGY EFFICIENCY

www.eibi.co.uk

In this issue Heating Technology Humidification Smart Buildings CPD Module: Demand Side Response

Humidity and health Why they are closely linked

Changing property landscape Why heating must adapt

Clever thinking How buildings are getting smarter

SEPTEMBER 2019

Contents 08

www.eibi.co.uk

FEATURES

14 Heating Technology

Gas-fired technologies have an important long-term role to play in the journey towards a net zero carbon future, according to Liam Elmore With NOx legislation set to get tougher Stuart Turner highlights the importance of specifying a commercial heating system that can stay ahead of the legislative curve (16) Mark McManus discusses the transformation of the UK’s property landscape and the impact this has had on residential heating technology (18)

38 Energy Monitoring

Seamless energy monitoring is a key part of the new Motta Hub restaurant in Lenzerheide, in the Swiss Alps. And state-of-the-art sensors are at the heart of the technology

30 UK Construction Week

At UK Construction Week (UKCW), energy professionals get the best of all worlds, with bespoke content on a selection of topical issues, but also exposure to a wider range of learning

Top speakers will gather at Smart Buildings Show at Olympia, London, to outline the challenges, opportunities and hurdles to be overcome as buildings get smart (36)

Smart Buildings Show Smart Buildings Show, which takes place on the 9-10 October 2019 at Olympia London, is the UK’s largest event dedicated to smart commercial buildings

42 Humidification Technology John Barker believes that we need coordinated regulated standards to ensure humidification is used in the UK’s buildings. Until then, cost will always count against its specification

Dave Marshall-George examines the implications for hospitals of a recently published study on humidity and influenza infection (44)

REGULARS 06 News Update

40 ESTA Viewpoint

Britons more concerned about climate change than Brexit while EU proposes European Green Deal

12 The Warren Report

When we leave the EU:ETS, perhaps as early as October 31, a new tax is being proposed that could make a mockery of the UK’s claim to be a world leader against climate change

25 The Fundamental Series: CPD Learning

Paul Bennett guides you through the complex world of demand side response

With the deadline for ESOS Phase 2 approaching rapidly Jes Rutter wonders what can be done to improve the poor take up of energysaving projects after the first phase

29 View from the Top

46 New Products

The Government’s plans to implement a Smart Export Guarantee for solar panel owners could represent a significant step towards creating a cleaner, greener future, says Paul Hutchens

32 Products in Action

Lighting at the largest Primark store in the world and pipe insulation at a hospital in north Wales are among the features products this month

An upgraded thermostat, a split air conditioning system and an e-learning platform are among the new products on the market

50 Talking Heads With the possibility of using electric

vehicles to generate revenue Paul Sheffield examines what companies should consider before investing in EVs and infrastructure

Follow us, ‘like us’ or visit us online to keep up to date with all the latest energy news and events www.eibi.co.uk SEPTEMBER 2019 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | 03

editor’s opinion

Just how smart are we?

itting on a shelf or two I’ve a large collection

interest in whether the building is smart or dumb.

of vinyl LPs. They occasionally come out

But they do get mad if lighting turns itself off when

from time to time for a nostalgic spin. I’d

it shouldn’t or carbon dioxide monitors start making

like to think I’ve also dragged myself into

irritating warnings.

the 21st century by actually embracing downloading

So if such huge amounts of money are going into

and streaming of music. Much more convenient

the smart buildings market in the coming years,

but it does bring its own set of problems. Different

are they going to pay for themselves or do we have

devices sometimes won’t talk to each other and I’m

technology for technology’s sake? Are they going to

left frustrated and ready to hurl an iPad out of the

pay back in energy savings, in reduced rent, running

window.

costs etc?

When it comes to smart buildings I feel there

We could at least make sure that when smart

are similar frustrations. This market is set to grow

buildings don’t work as they should the blame game

enormously in the coming years, much like the

is avoided. Installation, commissioning, training

explosion of music streaming. MarketsAndMarkets

are often nowhere near what they need to be. This

forecasts (see page 34) that the smart building market

basic requirement would lead to greater efficiencies

size will grow from $7.42bn in 2017 to $31.74bn by

straight away.

2022, at a compound annual growth rate of 33.7 per

But perhaps going back to basics would help. Our

www.eibi.co.uk

the EiBI team editorial Managing Editor Mark Thrower tel: 01483 452854 Email: editor@eibi.co.uk Address: P. O. Box 825, Guildford GU4 8WQ Social Media Assistant Sam Jackson tel: 01889 577222 Email: info@energyzine.co.uk

advertising Sales Managers Chris Evans tel: 01889 577222 fax: 01889 579177 Email: chris@eibi.co.uk Address: 16-18 Hawkesyard Hall, Armitage Park, Rugeley, Staffordshire WS15 1PU Russ Jackson tel: 01704 501090 fax: 01704 531090 Email: russ@eibi.co.uk Address: Argyle Business Centre, 8 Leicester Street, Southport, Lancashire PR9 0EZ

cent during 2017–2022. This huge investment in

buildings, especially in the light of the 2050 target,

building management systems, intelligent lighting,

need to be as energy efficient as they can possibly

software, security and automation means that

be. This means high standards of construction with

facilities managers, building owners and architects

minimal leakage and a reduction in the size of the

are under increasing pressure to work with

heating and cooling plant required. Surely that’s how

technology providers.

to make a building smart.

classified sales

completely out of kilter with the end users? Most

MANAGING EDITOR

circulation

people in an office or school don’t have the slightest

Mark Thrower

Sue Bethell Tel: 01889 577222 Email: circulation@eibi.co.uk

The technology is advancing at a furious pace. But are the expectations of the providers of the kit

Nathan Wood tel 01525 716 143 fax 01525 715 316 Email nathan@eibi.co.uk Address: 1b, Station Square Flitwick, Bedfordshire MK45 1DP Sharon Nutter Tel: 01889 577222 Email: classified@eibi.co.uk

administration/ production Fran Critchlow Tel: 01889 577222 Email: info@eibi.co.uk

THIS MONTH’S COVER STORY The largest Primark store in the world has recently opened it doors having taken over the entire former Pavilions Shopping Mall in Birmingham. It has five floors, covering approximately 15,000m2, and includes the first café with an official Disney licence (excluding its resorts and cruise ships. The artificial lighting system, specified by lighting consultant iGuzzini, helps create a pleasant and relaxing atmosphere throughout, with different characteristics designed to suit the function of the area in question. The main goal of the project was to light this vast space with a limited number of types of luminaires. See page 32 for more details Cover photo courtesy of iGuzzini illuminazione UK Ltd

04 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | SEPTEMBER 2019

publishing Directors Chris Evans Russ Jackson Magazine Designer Tim Plummer For overseas readers or UK readers not qualifying for a free copy, annual subscription rates are £85 UK; £105 Europe airmail; £120 RoW. Single copies £10 each. Published by: Pinede Publishing Ltd 16-18 Hawkesyard Hall, Armitage Park, Nr. Rugeley, Staffordshire WS15 1PU ISSN 0969 885X This issue includes photographs provided and paid for by suppliers

Printed by Precision Colour Printing Origination by Design and Media Solutions ABC Audited Circulation Jan-Dec 2018 12,179

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Businesses slash energy costs A coalition of 18 large businesses has cut $55m off their energy costs by implementing better efficiency measures, a new report from The Climate Group states. The report, ‘Smarter Energy Use: Businesses Doing More with Less’, is the NGO’s first annual progress document on its EP100 initiative – a global scheme aimed at uniting corporates in a collective drive to increase energy productivity (i.e. achieving a higher economic output per unit of energy consumed). Under EP100, companies are required to either double their energy productivity, make their buildings net-zero carbon or implement an energy management system, based on which of these actions is most relevant to their business model. According to the report, the 18 EP100 members to have made the most rapid progress towards targets have increased their competitiveness and boosted their bottom lines. This same group of companies has also realised a further $76m in energy-related economic benefits, bringing the total collective saving to $131m. Companies in this group include India-based engine manufacturer and supplier Swaraj Engines and the Yanbu Cement Company. A further finding was that the 21 members of EP100 to have reported their year-on-year progress have collectively prevented the emission of 522m TCO2e to date through the saving of 730TWh of energy. The Climate Group believes this is equivalent to taking the annual energy consumption of Germany off the global system or bringing 134 coal-fired power plants offline. Companies taking part in EP100 include the likes of Hilton, H&M Group, Schneider Electric, Landsec and RBS. In total, 50 companies with operations across 133 geographical markets are signed up to the initiative, which is being delivered in partnership with The Alliance to Save Energy. However, only 21 have reported their progress to The Climate Group this year. The Climate Group’s Helen Clarkson said that, in the face of climate challenges and amid new low-carbon technologies, every major company should seek to lead on energy efficiency.

NEW PRESIDENCY BRINGS FOCUS ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY

EU pledges to increase 2030 targets Ursula von der Leyen (right) intends new priorities when she assumes the Presidency of the European Commission from Jean Claude Juncker in November. Next to gender balance, she is making climate protection central to her five-year administration, having committed to bold pledges to secure her election. Within her first 100 days in office she will propose a European Green Deal including a law to enshrine 2050 climate neutrality. This provides an important opportunity for energy efficiency policies. Von der Leyen has pledged to increase the 2030 targets for greenhouse gas emissions reduction to 50 per cent below 1990 levels. An increased ambition for emissions reduction means raising the current minimum 32.5 per cent energy efficiency target for 2030 towards the acknowledged cost-effective potential, which stands at over 40 per cent. The new Commission Presidentelect will have to deliver action against a background of the likely 2020

energy efficiency target gap and very slow Europe-wide progress on energy efficiency. First of all, von der Leyen’s agenda includes altering the EU’s overall budget to support full implementation of existing directives. Focusing on the rule of law, this would provide a key tool to ensure the proper implementation and enforcement of existing EU energy and climate laws. Further, she plans to step up pricing signals, as she believes that “carbon emissions must have a price. Every person and every sector will have to contribute”. Specifically, she intends extending the EU-ETS

emissions trading scheme both to the maritime sector, but also to ‘traffic’ and ‘construction’, plus introducing a carbon border tax to prevent carbon leakage. While price signals do help improve energy efficiency, on their own they have proved insufficient when acknowledged market failures are non-economic, as in the case of building renovations. Complementary measures are needed like financial support mechanisms, which would be funded through carbon revenues, and efficiency regulations. Important for delivery on the ground will be her proposals for a Sustainable Europe Investment Plan. This includes changing part of the European Investment Bank into a Climate Bank supporting €1tn investments by 2030. However, recent EC modelling estimates that achieving the current 2030 targets will require €2.6tn additional investment. She intends giving the European Parliament the formal right to initiate climate change-related legislation.

Energy storage set for new era of worldwide growth Energy storage installations around the world will multiply exponentially, from a modest 9GW/17GWh deployed as of 2018 to 1,095GW/2,850GWh by 2040, according to the latest forecast from research company BloombergNEF (BNEF). This 122-fold boom of stationary energy storage over the next two decades will require $662bn of investment, according to BNEF estimates. It will be made possible by further sharp declines in the cost of lithium-ion batteries, on top of an 85 per cent reduction in the 2010-18 period. BNEF’s Energy Storage Outlook 2019 predicts a further halving of lithium-ion battery costs per kilowatt-hour by 2030, as demand takes off in two different markets – stationary storage and electric vehicles. The report goes on to model the impact of this on a global electricity system increasingly penetrated by low-cost wind and solar. Yayoi Sekine, energy storage analyst for BNEF and co-author of the report, said: “Two big changes this year are that we have raised our estimate of the investment that will go into energy storage by 2040 by more than $40bn, and that we now think the majority of new capacity will be utility-scale, rather than behindthe-meter at homes and businesses.” BNEF’s analysis suggests that cheaper batteries can be used in more and more applications. These include energy shifting (moving in time the dispatch of electricity to the grid, often from times of excess

06 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | SEPTEMBER 2019

solar and wind generation), peaking in the bulk power system (to deal with demand spikes), as well as for customers looking to save on their energy bills by buying electricity at cheap hours and using it later. Logan Goldie-Scot, head of energy storage at BNEF, added: “In the near term, renewables-plusstorage, especially solar-plus-storage, has become a major driver for battery build. This is a new era of dispatchable renewables, based on new contract structures between developer and grid.” Just 10 countries are on course to represent almost three quarters of the global market in gigawatt terms, according to BNEF’s forecast. South Korea is the lead market in 2019, but will soon cede that position, with China and the US far in front by 2040. The remaining significant markets include India, Germany, Latin America, Southeast Asia, France, Australia and the UK.

news update For all the latest news stories visit www.eibi.co.uk

POLL REVEALS LONG-TERM WORRIES

IN BRIEF

UK climate concerns outweigh Brexit

Museum invests in new chillers

Most Britons care more about climate change in the long-term than Brexit, a new poll has found. Around 71 per cent of people agree that addressing the threat of climate change effectively will be more important than the UK’s departure from the EU, while the majority (61 per cent) do not believe the government is doing enough to prioritise climate change. Even people in some higher Brexit voting parts of the UK such as Wales (78 per cent) and the East Midlands (74 per cent) are slightly more likely than the total (71 per cent) to say that climate change is a more important

National Museum Cardiff has received more than £1m of interest-free capital from Salix Finance to fund energy efficiency projects under the Welsh Government’s ‘Invest to Save’ scheme. The funding is enabling the replacement of 50 steam humidifiers with new ultrasonic units, and two chillers. These works improve the environmental management of the museum’s collection stores and public galleries, enhancing the care of the Welsh national collection. With expected savings of £165,000 annually (equating to almost half the museum’s electricity bill) and approximately 511 tCO2e, the upgrade reduces energy bills and greenhouse gas emissions while increasing the National Museum’s financial and environmental sustainability.

issue than Brexit in the long-term. The ComRes survey, commissioned by Christian Aid, found that two thirds (66 per cent) of UK adults agree that climate change should now be a top priority for the present Prime Minister.

To date, it seems that – despite running a self-proclaimed populist government - Boris Johnson does not share that view. Whereas while Theresa May was PM, the minister for climate change and energy efficiency, Claire Perry, attended every cabinet meeting by right. Under Johnson, the role of climate change minister has been excluded from Cabinet, and is being undertaken by the most junior of all the Business ministers, Lord Duncan of Springbank (above) – who is not even in the Commons. At present, no junior minister seems explicitly to be in charge of energy efficiency policy.

Metering company aims for UK SMEs

Climate change set to help create ‘disruptive shifts’ A new report from BlackRock has found that climate change, resource scarcity and growing consumerism will create disruptive structural shifts across industries as a “confluence of global megatrends” begin to clash. Emerging economies will pose challenges around consumerism, but can also benefit from cheaper clean technologies. BlackRock’s Megatrends: The Forces Shaping our Future, has found that key megatrends around technological advancements, demographic shifts, new areas of wealth and rapid urbanisation are all set to reach new milestones within the next five years and have urged investors and corporates to

consider the climate-related impact of investment decisions. “Most major economies are undergoing powerful shifts in their demographic profiles, while resource scarcity and climate change are coming under greater scrutiny,” the report states. “Rapid urbanisation is pulling in significant investments and changing consumer behaviour, especially in high-growth emerging economies. At the same time, the increasing ubiquity of technology is redefining business models in a host of industries and unleashing widespread disruption. These forces, which we call megatrends, are giving rise to a new set of powerful investment themes.”

Noting that 18 of the 19 warmest years on record all have occurred since 2001, BlackRock lists climate change and resource scarcity as a key megatrend to be addressed by investors and corporates. However, climate change and low-carbon innovation are themes that run through the rest of BlackRock’s highlighted megatrends. BlackRock notes the growth in electric vehicles (EVs), e-commerce, solar panels, robotics, blockchain, cloud computing, streaming and smart grids as examples of where incumbent businesses may tweak business models to capture new economic opportunities while addressing societal or environmental needs.

Energy services company, Energy Assets, is ready to bring the benefits of latest generation smart metering (SMETS2) to micro businesses up and down the country. The company, which specialises in advanced industrial and commercial metering, is now accredited by the Data and Communications Company (DCC) to help energy suppliers target non-domestic sites still eligible for smart meters. The move coincides with a government impetus to promote the benefits of the technology to this business group following the launch of the new SMETS2 meters, which benefit from improved data and communication systems. “A survey undertaken last year by Smart Energy GB indicated that seven in 10 of all eligible micro businesses were unaware that smart meters could be deployed for business use – and as a result they hadn’t even considered the potential benefits the technology might bring,” said Stewart Love, Group Commercial Director at Energy Assets. “We have invested in a specialist team to work with energy suppliers to increase commercial smart metering awareness and uptake in micro-businesses.”

SEPTEMBER 2019 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | 07

news update For all the latest news stories visit www.eibi.co.uk

Funding won for hydrogen project Ørsted, together with ITM Power and Element Energy, has won funding from the UK Government for a green hydrogen project. The Gigastack feasibility study, led by ITM Power, is a six-month project to investigate the potential delivery of bulk, low-cost and zero-carbon hydrogen. The funding has been secured as part of the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) Hydrogen Supply Competition, which looks at ways to accelerate the development of low carbon hydrogen supply solutions. The aim of the project is to identify opportunities to reduce the cost of producing hydrogen through the process of electrolysis. The project will investigate: • the development of a new 5MW stack design to reduce material costs; • a new semi-automated manufacturing facility with an electrolyser capacity of up to 1GW a year to increase throughput and decrease labour costs; • the deployment of large scale and low cost +100MW electrolyser systems using a number of the 5MW units; and • innovations in the operation of electrolysers to allow them to operate with large scale renewable energy.

Tube line waste to provide home heat Heat from London Underground’s Northern line will soon begin keeping homes in Islington, north London, warm through the colder months, under a scheme to harness the heat from the underground. By the end of the year, the project will pipe heat from the underground into hundreds of homes and businesses that are part of a heating scheme in the borough. The Islington heat network already keeps about 700 homes warm by channelling heat created in the Bunhill Energy Centre, which generates electricity, into local council housing, schools and a leisure centre. The next phase of the project, which is due to be completed in the coming months, will extend the network to a further 450 homes. The tube project could pave the way for district heating schemes across the capital to warm homes with cheap, low carbon heat from underground lines.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY UPGRADES TUMBLE 85 PER CENT

Collapse in drive to end fuel poverty Efforts to end fuel poverty and energy waste by making the UK’s draughty homes more efficient have collapsed by almost 85 per cent. Installation of loft insulation has fallen most, according to a recent Parliamentary Question from Labour’s David Drew. In 2012/3 over 1.4m homes had loft insulation installed; by 2018/19 that number had dropped by 97 per cent, to just 37,000 homes. The number of overall energy efficiency upgrades undertaken each month has now dropped this year to just a tiny average of 10,000 per month. This compares with an average of 65,000 a month as recently as 2014. At this rate it would take 96 years for the government to reach its own legal targets to eliminate fuel poverty, according to the charity National Energy Action. Peter Smith, a director at NEA, said progress was “a fraction” of the 1.2m homes required to be renovated each year until 2035 to meet the official zero carbon by 2050 objective. This scandal has emerged following a stark warning from MPs that the UK

has “no chance” of meeting its climatecrisis targets without a major overhaul of energy efficiency programmes. A business select committee report has found that public investment in energy saving has shrunk dramatically in recent years, even though it is acknowledged to be the cheapest way to cut carbon emissions. It said the government risks undermining its own climate targets unless it treats energy efficiency as a national infrastructure priority. This call has

been echoed in a subsequent report from the Commons Science and Technology Committee Rachel Reeves, the chair of the business committee, said ministers have “continued to sit on their hands” since abandoning the Green Deal in 2015, despite the consensus support for energy efficiency. “If the government lacks the political will to deliver energy efficiency improvements, how can we expect it to get on with the costlier actions needed to tackle climate change?” she said. The report blamed a lack of public spending for the falling number of home insulation installations, which have plummeted by 97 per cent from 2012. Households in England have been hardest hit since the former prime minister David Cameron reportedly told aides in 2013 to “get rid of all that green crap” levied on energy bills (see EiBI April 2013). The Labour Party has estimated that those in fuel poverty would have been saving an extra £3.7bn had the Warm Front programme been allowed to continue.

University of Liverpool divests fossil fuel investments The University of Liverpool has become the latest higher education facility in the UK to commit to removing fossil fuel investments from its portfolio, following pressure from students and staff. The pledge will see the University sell its remaining holdings in fossil fuel companies by 2022. These holdings are estimated to total around £2.8m, or 1.2 per cent of the total portfolio. The move from the university’s management follows extensive protests by students, largely under the Guild of Students’ Fossil Free campaign. Launched in February, the campaign had garnered the support of more than 1,200 individual students, more than 30 societies and clubs, and the University and College Union (UCU). Actions taken under the campaign included petitioning, film screening and hosting a “day of action”, complete with on-campus

08 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | SEPTEMBER 2019

demonstrations. Fossil Free’s deputy president Hannah Nguyen said that the university’s 2022 commitment was a “huge win” for the campaign. “Fossil fuel companies have repeatedly abused the human rights of communities on the

frontlines of fossil fuel extraction and led us into the climate crisis we are facing,” she said. “Full divestment is a huge win for the Fossil Free movement and it’s all down to student activists at Liverpool who have campaigned tirelessly.”

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ADVERTISEMENT FEATURE

Gas-fired tube heating system Range helps compliance with ErP Directive Reznor, part of Nortek Global HVAC (UK) Limited continue their tradition of manufacturing high efficiency heating equipment with their ErP compliant range, which includes the highly efficient Nor-Ray-Vac a gas-fired continuous radiant tube heating system designed specifically for the building it is required to heat. The Nor-Ray-Vac system is designed to provide uniform heat coverage over the entire floor area. The system can also cater for distinct zones providing a varied degree of comfort level within the overall layout of the building. With increased comfort, along with a reduction in operating costs of up to 60 per cent over conventional systems, Reznor will help keep end users’ operating costs down. • For more information please visit www.nortekerp.com or email erp@ nortek.com

HOUSE OF COMMONS COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS

DSR providers ‘need longer contracts’ Companies offering demand side technologies, rather than electricity generation measures, under the government’s flagship Capacity Market scheme should be encouraged to take up contracts that last longer than the single year currently permitted. This is a recommendation in a new report on infrastructure from the powerful House of Commons Science and Technology committee. “Non-generation suppliers bidding for Capacity Market contracts should be eligible to bid for contracts of up to 15 years,” states the Committee report, chaired by Lib Dem MP Sir Norman Lamb (right). This would be “in line with new generation facilities” and “in keeping with the UK’s ambition to move towards net zero emissions by 2050.” This discrepancy was one of the main motivations that led to the challenge to the scheme’s legality in the European Courts by Tempus Energy (see EiBI November 2018). The

challenge’s success has forced the UK government to bring the entire Capacity Market to a standstill, with no new auctions or payments under existing contracts permitted for the past ten months. Despite strident claims to the contrary from many of those generators previously benefitting from the £5.6bn paid out under this scheme, the scheme’s administrator, National Grid, has no problem with greater dependence upon demand side participation. Its director of operations, Duncan Burt, assured the MPs that there was “no technical

reason why the Capacity Market could not make greater use of technologies… such as demand side response systems.” In practice, National Grid now maintains that demand-side response (DSR) is more reliable than nuclear power in its latest Capacity Market auction guidelines. National Grid has given DSR a de-rating factor of 86 per cent, while nuclear is de-rated to just 81 per cent. DSR is also deemed to be marginally more reliable than biomass, coal and most interconnectors, per the guidelines. Industry participants suggested the move reflected the expertise of DSR providers in managing their portfolios. “Presumably the de-rating factors reflects recent reliability of the UK nuclear fleet, and superior performance of aggregators in delivering contracted response,” commented Jon Ferris, strategy director at blockchain firm Electron.

UK economy to suffer by ‘business as usual’ policy A “business-as-usual” approach to climate mitigation and carbon emissions will see 7 per cent of global GDP disappear by 2100, with the UK’s economy down 4 per cent, according to a new report predicting that all nations will be hit by climate change impacts. The new study, co-authored by researchers from the University of Cambridge and published by the National Bureau of Economic Research, predicts that average global temperatures will rise by more than 4oC by the end of the century, based on current trajectories, and will impact all nations, “whether rich or poor, hot or cold”. Under a “business-as-usual” emissions scenario, The US would lose 10.5 per cent of its GDP, Japan, India and New Zealand will lose 10 per cent, Switzerland will be down 12

per cent, Russia 9 per cent and the UK down by 4 per cent. The global fall in GDP will be accompanied by an increase in severe and extreme weather events which will add further stress to national economies. “Whether cold snaps or heat waves, droughts, floods or natural disasters, all deviations of climate conditions from their historical norms have adverse economic effects,” said Dr Kamiar Mohaddes, a co-author of the study from Cambridge’s Faculty of Economics. “Without mitigation and adaptation policies, many countries are likely to experience sustained temperature increases relative to historical norms and suffer major income losses as a result. This holds for both rich and poor countries as well as hot and cold regions.”

Energy management system to drive down costs Utilidex will supply Crown Commercial Service (CCS) with a new energy management system. Utilidex’s dynamic platform, the Utilidex Energy.Hub, will enhance the way customers manage their energy estates and will allow CCS to drive added value from both a trading and commercial perspective. The service will be available to new and existing customers and will deliver: • increased data accuracy via direct data up/downloads from suppliers and

10 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | SEPTEMBER 2019

system operators; • improved data management to facilitate a more accurate understanding of the estate position of each department and improved accuracy in tracking usage profiles, allowing efficiencies/savings to be identified and delivered; • bespoke report building, enabling the identification of benchmarks of similar sites to highlight areas of high consumption patterns, where changes to the buildings could lead to reduced consumption;

• an increased ability to self-manage energy estates, including self-serve on-boarding and • estate changes. In June 2018, Utilidex was named as a supplier on CCS’s Utilities Management Software, Metering and Ancillary Services RM3800 framework for the supply of energy software. CCS supports the public sector to achieve maximum commercial value when procuring common goods and services and serves over 1,200 public sector energy customers.

EIBI_0919_002-060 Edit_Layout 1 04/09/2019 13:02 Page 11

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09.19

THE WARREN REPORT

Andrew Warren is chairman of the British Energy Efficiency Federation

Why this new tax could increase emissions When we leave the EU:ETS, perhaps as early as October 31, a new tax is being proposed that could make a mockery of the UK’s claim to be a world leader against climate change

t’s almost certain that all UK companies will cease participating in the European emissions trading scheme (EU:ETS). Should no formal Brexit deal be agreed by October 31, this departure could well occur overnight early in November, precipitating serious upward pressure on greenhouse gas emissions. Even if a more orderly arrangement is agreed, it seems increasingly likely that all UK participation will cease by the end of 2020. For most of the past two years, most of those managing the 1,400 UK installations participating in the EU:ETS have been working on the basis that they would be involved with the Europewide scheme through to the start of 2021. That marks the end of the current phase of the EU:ETS. Wherever possible, many of the former UK allowances are effectively been held by other branches of the company based elsewhere in the European Union. It was widely assumed that companies unable to undertake such internal transfers would be given a period during which to seek to sell these permits to participants based in any of the other 32 participating European countries. Across Europe there were fears expressed that this would lead in all probability to a considerable drop in the subsequent trading price for carbon across Europe. It is still unclear whether any remaining allowances held by these entities will simply be cancelled upon the UK’s departure from the scheme. In May, the UK, Scottish and Welsh governments appointed the Committee

on Climate Change (CCC) to recommend what domestic scheme, linked to the existing EU:ETS, might be created. The Committee was reminded to “ensure our future approach is at least as ambitious as the current scheme.” Crucially the CCC was also instructed to ensure that the new UK-only scheme “provides a smooth transition for the relevant sectors.” The work the CCC undertook during the summer was very much predicated upon the assumption that there would be a managed departure from the EU, enabling the putative linked scheme paralleling the EU:ETS to start operating from 2021. But if there is neither a formal exit deal agreement nor any further delay agreed to the departure date, then at the end of October all UK involvement with the EU:ETS will terminate.

Carbon emissions tax The UK government plans to introduce a domestic Carbon Emissions tax of £16 per tonne of CO2 emitted from power stations and industrial sites from 4 November. The tax is deemed officially to replace the EU emissions trading system. Crucially, permit prices across Europe have soared close to €30/t - and are forecast to continue climbing. Together with a falling pound, it raises the prospect of a significantly lower carbon price in Britain than on the continent. This rate of £16/t price was first suggested by the UK government in its 2018 budget, when the EU carbon price was fluctuating between €17 and €20/t - and when the pound sterling was

‘It is feared that such tax alterations could end up boosting coal-fired electricity output - contrary to official policy’ 12 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | SEPTEMBER 2019

stronger against the euro. According to the Treasury technical notice issued at the time, “the new tax would maintain the carbon price for those stationary emitters currently covered by the EU:ETS.” Clearly, that objective is unlikely to be met if the Treasury sticks to its declared rate of just £16 per tonne. When first mooted, the Scottish and Welsh governments objected to the proposal on the basis it handed too much rate-setting power to the centralised UK Treasury. So power generators would continue to be subject to an £18/t surcharge on top of the tax, a rate significantly lower than they pay at present. This would reduce the total carbon price for utilities by about £10/t. That would cut the running costs of a 49 per-cent-efficient gas-fired plant by £3.75/MWh and the costs of a 34 per-cent-efficient coal-fired plant by £9.74/MWh. It is feared that such tax alterations could well end up boosting coal-fired electricity output – effectively operating directly contrary to official policy. The move would see an increase in coal generation in the UK next year, with the possibility of coal-fired power plants coming back online, At the same time, it should be noted that the UK aviation sector would not be subject to the new Carbon Emissions tax. Lowering the carbon price paid by such a significant part of the UK economy risks slowing down progress towards meeting the Government’s legal commitment to decarbonise the economy entirely over the next thirty years. Next year the UK is seeking to host a key UK Conference of the Parties meeting on climate change. It will include leaders from practically every country. Assuming the UK’s bid is successful, the former climate change minister Claire Perry will preside over it. To have deliberately replaced the EU flagship policy on climate change, the EU:ETS, with a tax initiative likely to exacerbate rather than reduce emissions, will not impress any other Government as to the veracity of the UK’s incessant claims about world leadership on climate change. We have to walk the walk. Not just talk the talk. 

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ADVERTISEMENT FEATURE

Finding the Finance For further info visit www.eibi.co.uk/enquiries and enter ENQUIRY No. 125

The new header and pump arrangement at Colchester Hospital

Hospital’s grand energy plan East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust’s ambitious energy reduction project

ast Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust (ESNEFT) have begun their ambitious £5m energy reduction plan with a project to replace inefficient electric chillers at Colchester Hospital, funded by Salix Finance. The completion of this milestone project marks the first step towards the reduction of the Trust’s energy spend by at least £1m (20 per cent) per annum. ESNEFT approached Salix Finance for an interest-free loan of £266,526 to replace two existing chillers, primary pumps and a secondary pump with new fully integrated equipment. The existing plant at Colchester Hospital was outdated and inefficient, often suffering from service outages and downtime for repairs. Since their original Salix funding application, the Trust discovered that the existing chillers were not disabled during colder weather conditions, therefore installation of a Building Management System (BMS) panel has been included in the scope. The new chillers, working in unison with the new invertercontrolled pumps, offer significant part-load energy savings and improvement to conditions within operating theatres and other serviced areas.

Overall, this energy efficiency project is estimated to save the Trust £72,913 per year and cut its annual carbon emissions by 166 tCO2e. Tim Hewes, energy & sustainability manager at ESNEFT, said: “Working with Salix to access funding has enabled the Trust to take a more holistic approach. Reviewing the existing system and planning for future expansion has allowed us to add additional capacity and remove inefficiencies from the old system. During the recent heatwave, the new chillers still had capacity in hand to cope with future increases.” Sameen Khan, programme manager, NHS at Salix, said: “To date, Salix Finance has supported the NHS in England by investing £98.7m in energy efficiency projects, which are forecasted to have saved the public sector more than £24m a year. These projects are not only contributing towards the Government’s carbon reduction targets but are also going a long way towards improving facilities for patients and NHS staff.” • For more information on how Salix Finance could support your energy efficiency projects, visit www.salixfinance.co.uk or follow us on twitter at @ SalixFinance and #SalixFunded.

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Heating Technology For further information on Lochinvar visit www.eibi.co.uk/enquiries and enter ENQUIRY No. 126

Gas still has a role

Gas-fired technologies have an important long-term role to play in the journey towards a net zero carbon future, according to Liam Elmore

n one of her final acts as Prime Minister, Theresa May committed the UK to achieving a net zero carbon economy by 2050. This was subsequently enshrined as a legally binding target by Parliamentary legislation. The use of the word ‘net’ is important, particularly when applied to buildings. It does not mean a total elimination of carbon emissions, but carbon ‘neutrality’ achieved by lowering emissions as far as is technically possible and offsetting the remainder through carbon capture, tree planting etc. There have already been heated debates about how much decarbonising our economy will cost with the Treasury calculating the final bill at more than £1trn. The target has also been dismissed as meaningless by many commentators because they think it is not possible without future technology breakthroughs that cannot be guaranteed. The heating and hot water sector has been lowering carbon for many years and we have the scope to go further and faster with the technologies our clients already specify and trust. Renewables will play an increasingly important role, but gas-fired heating and hot water products will be equally, if not more, important. Why? For a number of reasons: First, a wholesale switch to renewables and/or nuclear would be very expensive and is possibly why the Treasury’s estimate is so high. Even more significantly, it would not achieve the country’s goals. Not all renewables are low carbon so switching to fully renewable solutions will not deliver our 2050 zero carbon target. Gas-fired systems also provide security of supply because they are not weather dependent like many renewables and, although we have continued to use a lot of gas-fired technology, the UK’s total gas consumption has fallen by 20 per cent since 2000. A range of factors has contributed, but improvements

The hybrid approach is one of the most realistic ways to address the most significant challenge facing the heating sector

to heating and hot water technologies have been significant. Our sector has made huge strides by refining the design of individual products and by using more ‘hybrid’ solutions.

Focus on peak demand periods Mike Foster, chief executive of the Energy & Utilities Alliance, recently pointed out that any strategy for decarbonising heating would have to focus on peak demand periods. Gasfired heating provides the flexibility to satisfy demand during the coldest winter months, but can be switched off during warmer periods. It is, therefore, perfectly possible to minimise our impact on the environment and reduce the impact of climate change without having to ask clients to make sacrifices either in price or performance. As the priority is to reduce

14 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | SEPTEMBER 2019

‘Gas-fired heating provides the flexibility to satisfy winter demand’ carbon emissions, it does not matter whether we use renewables, lowcarbon ‘conventional’ technologies or a combination of both – the aim is to get emissions to a low enough level where any remainder can be offset by other means. This means building services engineers can use heat pumps, solar thermal or other renewables in the same system with the gas-fired systems as back up for times of highest demand. Integrated heating and hot water solutions can achieve emissions targets, but at a far lower capital cost than stand-alone renewables, and more people are now using the hybrid approach to achieve their

Liam Elmore is sales director of Lochinvar

target BREEAM ratings. Hybrids also reduce running costs and extend the operating life of the equipment by using only the gasfired products in back-up mode. This is another key to reducing carbon. If you have to replace products on a regular basis, you will increase your overall carbon footprint significantly. The hybrid approach is also the only realistic way to address the most significant challenge facing our sector, which is how to minimise emissions from existing buildings. Eighty per cent of the buildings that will be with us when we arrive at our 2050 destination are already built and many would require enormous sums to retrofit to renewable only or all-electric heating and hot water. Therefore, the ability to upgrade conventional systems to low-carbon equivalents will be a major step towards the net zero goal. The replacement of gas-fired boilers with heat pumps in a care home for example, is likely to mean a complete system redesign as existing radiators would not be suitable for the low-grade heat produced by the likes of heat pumps. Buildings such as hotels have peak demand periods for hot water; gasfired water heaters can satisfy these demands as they are designed on the principles of low storage with fast recovery of hot water. The low-grade heat provided by heat pumps cannot provide such rapid response, which would mean a substantial increase in the amount of hot water storage required. Higher storage capacity usually equals higher storage losses and means that additional plant room space would be required. This will represent a major practical challenge as space is often restricted in commercial plant rooms. In addition, 23m people are already connected to the UK’s gas grid. It is neither practical, economically viable nor carbon friendly to dump all of that infrastructure. All of this means that at Lochinvar, we continue to see high levels of demand for gas-fired boilers and water heaters. We have also seen a significant increase in orders for heat pumps, but in the vast majority of projects, boilers and water heaters are being specified as well. 

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Heating Technology For further information on ELCO Heating Solutions visit www.eibi.co.uk/enquiries and enter ENQUIRY No. 127

Stuart Turner is national sales manager at ELCO Heating Solutions

There’s value in future proofing With NOx legislation set to get tougher Stuart Turner highlights the importance of specifying a commercial heating system that can stay ahead of the legislative curve

e are all too aware that high nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission levels are producing a real danger to life. Statistics from the European Environment Agency suggest that air pollution caused by NOx emissions is responsible for 76,000 deaths in Europe each year, it is clear to see why tougher legislation has been introduced. The latest ‘Low NOx’ legislation, which came into effect last September, impacted a large number of businesses, but arguably none more so than those in the commercial sector. Older commercial heating systems can play a big part in the production of NOx emissions, and with governing bodies becoming increasingly invested in campaigns for cleaner air, it is likely we will see new legislation with the further reduction of emissions levels in the not too distant future. Consequently, it is essential that businesses are installing heating systems that adhere to the highest possible standards and also anticipate the inevitable reductions to come. The commercial heating industry has been pushing the boundaries of technological innovation, looking at ways to reduce pollution while retaining performance. Whether it is with the development of condensing boiler technology to edge a few more efficiency percentiles, designing more durable and robust equipment, or reducing NOx levels for more environmentally friendly standards, the industry is responding. Currently, maximum NOx emissions for gas or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) boilers are set at 56mg/kWh, with oil-fired boilers at 120mg/kWh. Most modern boilers fall within this limit; however, they are not all prepared for stricter limitations that are likely just around the corner. So, how can heating without creating high emissions, specifically high NOx emissions, be achieved? Specifiers and energy managers

Condensing technology is ahead of the curve when it comes to efficiencies and low NOx emissions

should be looking out for heating solutions designed with low NOx levels in mind and ensure that only high-efficiency, low-NOx heating equipment is installed in both new and existing buildings.

Practical solution The good news is that the solution doesn’t have to be costly or complicated. In fact, for new and existing buildings, one heating technology stands out as being both affordable and practical – the condensing boiler. Condensing technology is ahead of the curve in terms of high efficiencies and ultralow NOx emissions. This means most commercial condensing boilers are future-proofed for the inevitability of coming NOx legislation. The latest condensing models are designed,

constructed and tested to meet the European boiler standard EN15502 Pt 1 2015 Class 6 – achieving extremely low NOx emissions. For example, ELCO Heating Solutions’ latest floor-standing unit, the TRIGON XXL, falls well within the class. It has been purposefully designed with indirect cooling and short flames to significantly reduce NOx emissions to as low as 21mg/KWh. Perhaps most importantly, condensing boilers are a triedand-tested technology. Lighter and more compact in design, they are built for easy installation and maintenance, minimising any downtime or disruption in both new and refurbishment projects. Recent advances include ever-more versatile configuration options that achieve higher efficiencies and greater

Condensing boilers with high-grade aluminium in their heat exchangers will stand the test of time

16 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | SEPTEMBER 2019

flexibility in overcoming plant room space restrictions or constraints. Acknowledged as a quick win to significant carbon and energy savings in older buildings, they also provide a simple route to NOx compliance. It is worth noting that not all condensing boilers are built the same, so specifiers and energy managers should be aware of the benefits and limitations of the materials used in manufacturing various heating systems. For instance, models that utilise highgrade stainless steel for their heat exchangers will stand the test of time. Stainless steel has four times better corrosion resistance than aluminium, ensuring its heat transfer properties decrease much less over time, ultimately enhancing the boiler’s durability and longevity. This allows the metal to outperform aluminium in efficiency within the first year of usage. Furthermore, it is also worth noting that low carbon technology does not necessarily mean low NOx, so be certain to check that any heating solution you are considering meets low-NOx criteria. Modern condensing boilers tick all existing legislative boxes, from high efficiencies to low carbon and ultra-low NOx. Financially, they have a relatively low initial outlay, and the lower energy bills they bring can quickly bolster a return on investment. With the inevitability of Brexit looming, the effect of uncoupling with the EU could create a somewhat unpredictable future for our industry. Whether legislation continues to come from the EU or whether in fact it will come direct from Westminster, one thing is for certain, reducing NOx levels will remain high on the UK’s agenda, and the inevitable change to regulation will make many existing heating systems obsolete. Energy managers and specifiers need to think carefully about futureproofing their projects with a heating system that can not only adhere but exceed current standards. 

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Heating Technology

Mark McManus is managing director at Stiebel Eltron UK

For further information on Stiebel Eltron UK visit www.eibi.co.uk/enquiries and enter ENQUIRY No. 134

A changing property landscape Mark McManus discusses the transformation of the UK’s property landscape and the impact this has had on residential heating technology as customer expectations rapidly evolve

nvestment in the UK’s Private Rented Sector (PRS) is set to reach £75bn by 2025 according to research by Knight Frank1. It’s evidence of the wider context of the UK’s residential property landscape, which is undergoing dramatic changes as the housing crisis deepens. The market has had to react to changing demands from consumers, with prospective residents leaving the suburbs and flocking back to city centres. These areas, which had once gathered a reputation for crime and deprivation, have seen a renaissance driven by investment and the changing expectations of younger generations. Student accommodation adds another facet to this, as universities look to consolidate their campuses within city centres, and private developers take this opportunity to supply high-density accommodation in urban centres. These changes all combine to create a situation in which the traditional models of living are shifting. In tandem with this, sustainability is creating massive shifts in consumer behaviour. As a society we are becoming more conscious of our impact on the environment, and this extends to the rental market. Residents are now more likely to make decisions based on the energy performance of a scheme for reasons beyond financial savings as social responsibility becomes a driver of purchasing decisions2. In the heating and renewables sector this presents an opportunity to ensure that these new schemes are built to the highest standards of sustainability and place energy efficiency at the top of the agenda. Creating a renewable foundation for the UK’s property sector is a priority as rectifying the current climate emergency becomes an acute issue. The UK faces cutting carbon emissions to zero by 2050, which extends the current 80 per cent reduction target agreed under the Climate Change Act of 2008.

Sustainability is creating massive shifts in consumer behaviour

Renewables such as wind, solar and biomass now provide more than 20 per cent of the electricity generated in the UK – with the government targeting an increase on this to 30 per cent by 2020 in line with EU targets3. But meeting the targets set requires a concerted effort across the broader economy and is a significant driver in the current push for a more sustainable approach in the property sector4.

Innovative electric heating To help foster improved sustainability in the sector, the government announced the Future Homes Standard in 2019, which demands that all new homes built by 2025 “are future proofed with low carbon heating and world-leading levels of energy efficiency.”This push from the government should be embraced by using innovative electric heating technology to power new-build developments, from student accommodation to PRS. The continued growth of electricity generated by renewable sources in the UK has meant that as a power source it now offers a more

18 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | SEPTEMBER 2019

sustainable option for developers. The increased viability of electricity from renewables has also coincided with innovations in electric heating technology that vastly improve where and how they can be used. Rewards are available for developers, residents and building managers to reap. For developers, they can help use energy efficiency as a facet of their marketing strategies. As the market landscape shifts and more city centre accommodation is built, competition inevitably increases.Using energy efficient technology demonstrates a commitment to energy efficiency, increasing the desirability of a scheme among consumers who are price and sustainability conscious. This is equally important to universities looking to attract students. According to research by The Higher Education Design Quality Forum (HEDQF) estate quality remains a major factor in the quality of life of students, with 85 per cent of respondents to the survey saying that it was very or quite important5. By specifying high-quality products across accommodation, and demonstrating a commitment to sustainability, universities can

also differentiate themselves in an increasingly competitive market. From the perspective of residents – the latest panel heater technology offers reliable and safe heat ondemand. It maximises performance without taking up valuable floorspace. Heating systems don’t need to be on as frequently either and improved efficiency levels mean that residents can save money on monthly utilities. From the perspective of estates managers, whether that be in student accommodation developments or housing schemes with external management teams, control units can also provide significant savings. This is often a major challenge in the management of student accommodation. Minimising the energy wasted by residents, when heating systems are left under their control, can cause headaches. Integrating no-control panel heating systems, which allow a central estates team to operate the heating across a development, can provide significant savings and improve energy efficiency. As the property landscape shifts to cater for the demands of consumers and increased sustainability, electricity as a power source has a key role to play. Heating technology has now reached a point at which it can offer a range of benefits while also improving sustainability. This is an opportunity that the property sector could embrace to ensure that the latest generation of residential developments are fit for purpose. 

References 1) https://www.knightfrank.co.uk/ blog/2019/02/06/uk-private-rented-sectorinvestment-to-reach-ps75-billion-by-2025 2) https://nowhitewalls.co.uk/blog/landlords/ hmo-marketing-and-advertising/howmillennials-make-buying-decisions-why-thisaffects-hmo-landlords/ 3) https://www.energy-uk.org.uk/energyindustry/renewable-generation.html 4) https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/scienceenvironment-48596775 5) http://www.lse.ac.uk/intranet/LSEServices/ estatesDivision/pdf/HEDQF-Booklet2.pdf

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Floor-standing condensing boiler Remeha has launched the Gas 120 Ace, a compact, ultra-efficient, floor-standing condensing boiler range with a new advanced heat exchanger and next-generation control platform. The Gas 120 Ace range, available in 65, 90 and 115 models, is a floor-standing boiler series that replaces the Gas 110 Eco. It has been completely redesigned around a monobloc aluminium heat exchanger that delivers robust, reliable, high operational performance. Delivering near maximum gross seasonal efficiencies and ultra-low Class 6 NOx emission levels, the Gas 120 Ace offers a high modulation ratio of 5:1 for improved boiler efficiency and longevity.

The new unit is built on Remeha’s Ace control platform to ensure optimum performance across the boiler’s lifecycle. A key feature is the all-new, smart controller that provides rapid, intuitive access to extended parameters via a clear, fulltext, colour interface, enabling faster, easier and more straightforward installation, commissioning and maintenance. At only 600mm wide, the compact and quiet Gas 120 Ace is designed to fit inside the smallest of plant rooms and is perfectly suited for use in space-saving modular configurations. Easily assembled in-line or back-to-back cascade options are available for up to four boilers,

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providing specifiers with more flexible design options while reducing installation time. There

is also the opportunity to use preassembled plate heat exchanger and low loss header kits to achieve hydraulic separation on older heating systems. Paul Arnold, Remeha’s product manager, said: “Crucially, the Gas 120 Ace is supplied with intuitive and enhanced boiler control. This will maximise efficiency across the boiler’s lifecycle, keeping bills low and comfort levels high. In-built 0-10V and volt-free contacts also provide direct connection to any building management system for improved system control at no extra cost.” The arrival of the new Gas 120 Ace series follows on the heels of the new wall-hung Quinta Ace range. ONLINE ENQUIRY 129

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Birmingham school refurbished with the help of five boilers Five THISION L ECO 120kW boilers from ELCO Heating Solutions have been installed at Cromwell Junior and Infants School, Birmingham, as part of the complete refurbishment of the plant room. The new boilers have been arranged back to back on a cascade frame with a pre-fabricated header system – maximising the output in a restricted area. The boilers have replaced two ageing and inefficient floor-standing pressure jet units, with the upgrade providing the school with improved efficiencies and long-term reliability. The M&E contractors for the project were Staffordshire Mechanical Solutions (SMS). Dave Seward, operations director, said: “Removing the original boilers was a challenge, as they were located in a basement plant room below the school, which required us to break them into sections and use specialist lifting gear to remove the items safely up a narrow winding staircase.

Fortunately, bringing the new ELCO boilers into the plant room was far simpler, thanks to their compact and lightweight design.” The boilers were carefully moved into position and installed on a freestanding cascade frame,

with three units backing two more to provide a combined output of 600kW. The installation also comprised new header kits and pumps, with a large proportion of the original pipework being reused. One of the challenges on this project was the ceiling height in the basement plant room, which restricted the space available for the fluing. This was overcome by utilising the THISION L ECO boilers’ frame system. The THISION L ECO boiler is available in three outputs from 66kW to 120kW, with each version utilising state-of-the-art design to produce a classleading unit. A stainless steel heat exchanger provides long term performance and efficiency, while a flue non-return valve, built-in modulating pump and on-board cascade controls ensure this new boiler is a practical fit for a wide range of commercial ONLINE ENQUIRY 1300 applications.

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Heat pumps harness heat from north east river Carrier has supplied three high efficiency AquaForce heat pumps with a combined capacity of 5MW for an innovative project harnessing energy from a local river. The project, which received approval from the UK’s Environment Agency, utilises Carrier’s electricallydriven AquaForce 30XWHV water-towater heat pumps. The units capture renewable energy from a local river and upgrade it to higher temperatures for use in an agricultural facility in north east England. The installation serves a process drying application and contributes to

the site’s domestic heating system. Carrier’s Greenspeed variable speed compressor technology optimising energy consumption all year round. “This is the first project of its kind

in the UK involving an open river water-source for which Carrier has supplied heat pump equipment,” James Meadows, an applied product sales engineer for Carrier, said: “Given growth in use of sustainable energy sources, we believe this approach has potential to expand in the future.” Carrier’s water-to-water heat pumps are designed as a premium solution for commercial and industrial applications where clients require maximum efficiency and performance, especially at part load. ONLINE ENQUIRY 131

Wall-hung boilers offer ultra-low levels of NOx Lochinvar has introduced a new range of wall-hung, gas-fired, high efficiency condensing boilers that produce an extremely low level of NOx emissions. They incorporate a high quality stainless steel heat exchanger, which is supported by a new ‘Five plus Five’ extended warranty. NOx emissions from the company’s new EFB gas-fired condensing range are lower than 24mg/kWh, which the company believes to be the lowest level produced by any commercial wall hung boiler currently available on the UK market. As a result, all EFB models qualify for the maximum two credits awarded for air quality on BREEAMrated projects. The new ‘Five plus Five’ warranty covers the heat exchanger, which will be replaced free of charge in the first five years of operating life in the event of a manufacturer’s fault. Thereafter the warranty moves onto a sliding

scale where 60 per cent of the cost of replacement will be covered in the sixth year; 40 per cent in years seven and eight, so on down to 20 per cent in the ninth and tenth. This latest addition to the extensive Lochinvar boiler range has four models offering outputs from 85 to 151kW driven by high efficiency condensing

technology. The heat exchanger is constructed from high quality stainless steel, which has excellent resistance to corrosion, and will operate at working pressures of up to 6 bar. EFB boilers can be either wall or frame mounted and, at only 440mm wide and 539mm deep, provide a compact, space-saving solution for commercial, industrial and large residential buildings. Up to sixteen boilers can be installed in a cascade system to provide maximum flexibility and operating reliability in larger projects. EFB cascade mounting frame assemblies are also lower than 1.8m in height, which is very helpful for both installation and maintenance. All four models have integral controls, which include cascade operation, with or without BMS connection. ONLINE ENQUIRY 132

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BMS connection for water heaters Andrews Water Heaters has unveiled the MAXXflo EVO, its latest range of hot water heaters. Built-in BMS connectivity as standard, new look and increased functionality, means that the enhanced MAXXflo EVO provides specifiers with a cost-effective means of meeting their customer’s individual hot water needs. Available in 30-60kW models with a 200-litre capacity, and 30-120kW models with a 300-litre capacity, the new design has been specified to meet the needs of many commercial buildings. For instance, the MAXXflo EVO is suitable for use in premises such as large hotels, government buildings and office blocks. With customers calling for boosted efficiency levels, the new MAXXflo EVO has been designed by Andrews Water Heaters to be low NOx, with emissions of 39mg/kWh and below, meaning it’s suitable for specification and integration into larger commercial premises in areas with even the most stringent air quality policies. For instance, the MAXXflo EVO can be specified in London as it sits within the ‘London Plan’s’ nitrous oxide emissions limits. This means that everyone can benefit from increased efficiency and maximum performance. The heaters have been designed with enhanced control and functionality at its core. Interfacing to BMS enables remote monitoring for reduced downtime and improving site operability. ONLINE ENQUIRY 133

“ Energy in Buildings and Industry and the Energy Institute are delighted to have teamed up to bring you this Continuing Professional Development initiative ” MARK THROWER MANAGING EDITOR

SERIES 17 | MODULE 04 | DEMAND SIDE RESPONSE

Introduction to Demand Side Response Paul Bennett of BSSEC looks at how organisations can use demand side response programmes for their own benefit and for the good of the UK electricity network

emand side response (DSR) is the ability for businesses to increase, decrease or shift electricity consumption in response to a signal. This signal could be price, time or system related. For example, changes in the balance between electricity supply and demand on the grid or shifting consumption out of peak periods of demand when electricity is more expensive. Organisations can earn revenue or reduce electricity costs by participating in DSR programmes and in the process they are helping to create a smarter, more flexible energy system that can support the UK’s transition to a net zero carbon future. The UK electricity network constantly needs to maintain the balance of supply and demand that it experiences and this is complex owing to balancing the various generation methods to its customers. Indeed, the modern ‘smart grid’ is now seeing ‘coal-free weeks’ and renewables and low carbon technologies meeting 70 per cent of electricity demands on peak summer days, coupled with the minimum energy demands now being in the day as opposed to overnight. The fact that wind and solar energy is unpredictable makes balancing the system difficult. National Grid ESO is the sole system operator in Great Britain and has a statutory mandate to keep power generated balanced between 49.5Hz to 50.5Hz. If demand exceeds supply the frequency will fall and if the supply exceeds demand the frequency will rise. It can be seen that it is a fine balance. Demand side response is a series of initiatives to encourage consumers and

generators to act flexibly at times of high and low demands to support and stabilise the grid.

Two main benefits of DSR From a commercial perspective the incentives are high, this can be better visualised when it is understood that in a single 24-hour period the wholesale electricity power prices can fluctuate from £25/MWh (at around 11am) to as high as £75/MWh (around 6pm). Therefore energy avoidance and generation at the right time has real currency At its most basic, DSR offers two main benefits: cost avoidance and revenue production. The estimates vary but British energy users could save between £2.9bn and £8.1bn a year by 2030 through DSR. Quite simply put when national or regional demands are high energy is

switched down by flexible users and they receive a payment. Additionally, when the grid needs more energy, flexible organisations that have generating or energy storage capabilities are paid to generate and export energy onto the grid. There is also the wider societal benefit as we need more of our energy to be low carbon, but the production of renewable, non-dispatchable energy increases the level of fluctuation in grid supply energy consumers, generators and energy storage providers can all help to balance the grid. In theory any public or private organisation with assets that consume, generate or store electrical energy can take part in Demand Side Response. However, the most common organisations include: • utilities (renewable and traditional); • energy storage companies;

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SEPTEMBER 2019 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | 25

SERIES 17 | MODULE 04 | DEMAND SIDE RESPONSE

Demand side response option

Details of how the scheme operates

Frequency response

Real-time service used by the National Grid to balance electricity supply and demand and maintain system frequency at 50 Hertz. Demand Side Response providers are paid for being available and may be asked to increase or decrease demand for up to 30 minutes.

Capacity Market

Government scheme designed to secure sufficient capacity on the network as part of the Electricity Market Reform. Demand Side Response participants are notified 4 hours in advance of a possible event, and then 15 minutes ahead of required response (either to turn-down assets or run generation). They are paid for being available. Since the Capacity Market was introduced in 2016 no events have occurred, but they are expected to last up to 4 hours.

STOR

Short-Term Operating Reserve is the National Grid’s core capacity reserve scheme. Its requirements vary slightly across the year, but Demand Side Response providers are paid an availability and utilisation fee and are required to reduce demand within ten minutes for up to a maximum of two hours.

Peak price avoidance

Shifting electricity demand away from peak periods of the day (usually 4-7pm) to avoid Triad charges and reduce network and capacity charges e.g. DUoS (Distribution Use of System) charges and the Capacity Market Levy.

Constraint management

Distribution System Operators have started to tender for flexibility services to help them manage constraints on the local network.

Energy trading

Increased volatility in wholesale energy markets and market access reforms are making it possible for businesses to benefit from pricing opportunities to optimise their electricity consumption against prices.

• industrial and manufacturing companies; • hospitals; • universities; • hotels; • retail; and • offices. The types of ‘assets’ that are most commonly controlled include: • energy storage; • energy generation (CHP, generators; • industrial process; • large motors (air handling units, pumps, heat pumps); • air conditioning and freezers; • electric heating; • electric vehicle charging; and • lighting (in some cases) In the early years of demand side response there was something of a ‘wild west’ market in which unrealistic revenue streams were being promised. The market has now responded and produced a code of conduct to assure organisations of the standard of service they should receive. The ADE (Association for Decentralised Energy) operates a code of conduct which is a voluntary compliance scheme and is called Flex Assure (www.flexassure.org.uk) for Demand Side Response aggregators. Launched in May 2019 it helps to give customers assurance that they will

receive good quality service from registered scheme members. The compliance scheme covers issues ranging from sales and marketing to operations and processes. Organisations that wish to use their on-site generating plant for the purposes of Demand Side Response must comply with the Medium Combustion Plant Directive (MCPD) and Specified Generator Regulations. This is new legislation introduced to improve air quality and tackle pollution. These place strict controls on emissions from plant - including back-up generators, CHPs and boilers – with a thermal input between 1 and 50MW. Businesses wishing to bid these assets into DSR programmes need to ensure they comply with the legislation and have the appropriate permits in place. Demand side response is the

umbrella term for the many different ways in which energy flexibility can be monetised or exploited to reduce expenditure. Demand Side Response can be perceived as complex and sometimes have a confusing range of products and services. In the most basic terms Demand Side Response can be viewed as services termed Frequency Response, Capacity Market, STOR (Short Term Operating Reserve), Peak Price Avoidance, Constraint Management and Energy Trading.

Understand the opportunity There are five steps to implement a demand side response programme. The first is to understand the opportunity. Almost every building or asset has an amount of flexibility in the way they consume energy. The conditions are ideal for energy sharing, so that building operators can take

advantage of this flexibility. From a building operator’s perspective, there are certain functions that the building has to perform and strict parameters to meet in order to keep occupants comfortable and processes running. An example would be working out whether the sizable air conditioning unit which keeps the main atrium cool can be turned off for 30 minutes at times of peak energy demand, without affecting the temperature of the atrium or the performance of the AC unit. The next step would be to develop a business case based on the energy savings and payments available from the scheme. In order to do this an organisation will need to work with specialists. Following this would be the development of a specification and terms that can be tendered and procured. Organisations are free to contract directly with the National

Fig. 1 The five steps to successful demand side response

For details on how to obtain your Energy Institute CPD Certificate, see entry form and details on page 28 26 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | SEPTEMBER 2019

SERIES 17 | MODULE 04 | DEMAND SIDE RESPONSE

Grid ESO or through a demand side provider (also known as an aggregator or a supplier). On award of the contract, the DSR scheme provider will set up automated controls systems to monetise the flexibility, adjusting demand or supply. From a practical perspective, the building operator has access to a portal that visualises the behaviour of each of their assets, displays the asset availability schedule and helps them decide (automatically or manually) if each asset can be indeed switched on or off. The final step is to manage and review the system. The scheme is set up so that the organisation remains in control of their assets and their day-to-day operations and processes are unaffected. A system of requests, permissions and agreements are made before any final action to switch on or off is made between the parties. Contract reviews should be planned with the performance of both parties reviewed.

Maintaining full control When done properly, there are no real risks. The building operator always maintains full control and has the ability to stop any demand side response activities at any point. When implemented well, the building’s operational guidelines and policies are the foundation of the demand side response scheme and the programme will be designed to honour these. The core job of the building whether that is manufacturing a certain product or keeping occupants comfortable will always be maintained. However, the specific risks to be considered and managed include: • continuity of building operations – requiring a detailed and in-depth analysis to any non-obvious impacts; • health and safety particularly with maintenance and operations staff; • system and scheme provider reliability and quality – requiring due diligence checks on all parties; and • cyber-attack and data protection – requiring a review of the scheme software and protection. Historically, the National Grid has been the main buyer of demand side response services in the UK, but the market is changing rapidly. Distribution system operators, who manage the local electricity networks, are introducing DSR programmes of their own to help manage constraints on

2019 and all parties – including smaller generators and aggregators – will have access to equal footing.

Credits for Contributions EDF Energy - Miranda Murphy-Merrydew, Senior Business Content Exec B2B Market & Insight and Vincent de Rul Energy Solutions Sales Director Kiwi Energy – Jonathan Ainley, Head of Public Affairs and UK Programme Manager

Useful Links

their networks and support increasing levels of local generation (e.g. solar and biogas) and an anticipated growth in electric vehicle charging. At the same time, market reforms are opening up access to new markets that have traditionally been the preserve of electricity suppliers and large fossil-fuelled power generators. The National Grid uses the Balancing Mechanism (BM) to balance electricity supply and demand in the hour before

it is consumed. The market is worth around £350m a year but is expected to grow substantially as energy markets become more decentralised. Currently, a supply licence is required to access the BM but this is set to change later in 2019, opening the market up to aggregators for the first time. Project Terre is a Europe-wide initiative to enable cross-border balancing between countries. The project is also due to go live in late

• National Grid ESO - https://www. nationalgrideso.com/ • Major Energy Users Council www.meuc. co.uk • The Association for Decentralised Energy https://www.theade.co.uk/ • Case studies http://powerresponsive. com/case-studies/ • Case studies https://www.kiwipowered. com/clients-partners/ • Case studies and white paper https:// www.edfenergy.com/large-business/ energy-solutions

Further Reading • Profiting from Demand Side Flexibility and Storage, The Major Energy Users Council in association with National Grid ESO, Reprinted 2019. • Power response – a short guide to how your business can profit from Demand Side Response, National Grid ESO, March 2018. • Industrial flexibility and competitiveness in a low carbon world, ADE & Renewable UK, June 2018

For details on how to obtain your Energy Institute CPD Certificate, see entry form and details on page 28 SEPTEMBER 2019 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | 27

SERIES 17 | MODULE 04 | SEPTEMBER 2019

ENTRY FORM DEMAND SIDE RESPONSE Please mark your answers below by placing a cross in the box. Don't forget that some questions might have more than one correct answer. You may find it helpful to mark the answers in pencil first before filling in the final answers in ink. Once you have completed the answer sheet, return it to the address below. Photocopies are acceptable.

QUESTIONS 1. What is DSR and how would you best explain what it means? n Decreased Stringent Response (DSR) is the ability for commercial businesses to halt electricity consumption in response to marketable signals. n Demand Side Response (DSR) is the ability for businesses to increase, decrease or shift electricity consumption in response to a signal. n Decentralised Safe Restrictions (DSR) is the ability businesses hold to fluctuate electricity supplies from different suppliers based on climate change legislation. n Dexterous Synergy Response (DSR) is the ability for businesses to increase or decrease their electric and gas consumption in response to government legislation. 2. What percentage of the modern ‘smart grid’ is now seeing renewables and low carbon technologies are meeting electricity demands on peak summer days? n 20% n 40% n 70% n 80% 3. What is the statutory mandate for the National Grid ESO to keep power generated balanced n 49.5Hz to 50.5Hz n 50.5Hz to 60.5Hz n 59.5Hz to 70.5Hz n 69.5 Hz to 80.5 Hz 4. What can wholesale electricity power prices fluctuate between in a single 24 – hour period n From £5/MWh (at around 11am) to as high as £55/MWh (around 6pm). n From £15/MWh (at around 11am) to as high as £85/MWh (around 6pm). n From £25/MWh (at around 11am) to as high as £95/MWh (around 6pm). n From £25/MWh (at around 11am) to as high as £75/MWh (around 6pm). 5. At its most basic, DSR offers two main benefits: cost avoidance and revenue production. The estimates vary but what could British energy users save a year by 2030 through DSR? n between £1.9bn and £7.1bn

n between £2.9bn and £8.1bn n between £3.9bn and £9.1bn n between £4.9bn and £10.1bn 6. What is the voluntary compliance scheme that the Association for Decentralised Energy operates for Demand Side Response aggregators called and when was it launched? n Satiability Assurances – June 2019 n Arch Assure – May 2019 n Flex Assure – May 2019 n Energy Assure – March 2019 7. The Medium Combustion Plant Directive (MCPD) and Specified Generator Controls Regulations place strict controls on emissions from plant - including back-up generators, CHPs and boilers. At what thermal input bands do plants fall into this legislation? n between 0.5 and 25MW n between 5 and 10MW n between 25 and 500MW n between 1 and 50MW 8. National Grid uses the Balancing Mechanism (BM) to balance electricity supply and demand in the hour before it is consumed. How much is this market worth per year? n £150m a year n £250m a year n £350m a year n £450m a year 9. What is Frequency Response? n Real-time service used by National Grid to balance electricity supply and demand and maintain system frequency at 50Hz n Pre-planned service used by National Grid to balance electricity supply and demand and maintain system frequency at 50Hz n Self-administered service used by local councils to balance electricity supply and demand and maintain system frequency at 50Hz n Real-time service used by regional businesses to balance electricity supply and demand and maintain system frequency at 48.5 Hertz 10. What project is due to take place in late 2019 across Europe to enable cross-border balancing between countries? n Project Mondre n Project Terre n Project Synergy n Project Tarre

Please complete your details below in block capitals Name.......................................................................................................................................................................... (Mr. Mrs, Ms)..................................... Business..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Business Address.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ .................................................................................................................................. Post Code ............................................................................................... email address.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Tel No...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Completed answers should be mailed to: The Education Department, Energy in Buildings & Industry, P.O. Box 825, GUILDFORD, GU4 8WQ. Or scan and e-mail to editor@eibi.co.uk. All modules will then be supplied to the Energy Institute for marking

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28 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | SEPTEMBER 2019

How to obtain a CPD accreditation from the Energy Institute Energy in Buildings and Industry and the Energy Institute are delighted to have teamed up to bring you this Continuing Professional Development initiative. This is the fourth module in the seventeenth series and focuses on Demand Side Response. It is accompanied by a set of multiple-choice questions. To qualify for a CPD certificate readers must submit at least eight of the ten sets of questions from this series of modules to EiBI for the Energy Institute to mark. Anyone achieving at least eight out of ten correct answers on eight separate articles qualifies for an Energy Institute CPD certificate. This can be obtained, on successful completion of the course and notification by the Energy Institute, free of charge for both Energy Institute members and non-members. The articles, written by a qualified member of the Energy Institute, will appeal to those new to energy management and those with more experience of the subject. Modules from the past 16 series can be obtained free of charge. Send your request to editor@eibi.co.uk. Alternatively, they can be downloaded from the EiBI website: www.eibi.co.uk

SERIES 16

SERIES 17

MAY 2018 - APR 2019

MAY 2019 - APR 2020

1 BEMS 2 Refrigeration 3 LED Technology 4 District Heating 5 Air Conditioning 6 Behaviour Change 7 Thermal Imaging 8 Solar Thermal 9 Smart Buildings 10 Biomass Boilers

1 Batteries & Storage 2 Energy as a Service 3 Water Management 4 Demand Side Response 5 Drives & Motors* 6 Blockchain Technology* 7 Compressed Air* 8 Energy Purchasing* 9 Space Heating* 10 Data Centre Management*

* ONLY available to download from the website after publication date

Terms: in submitting your completed answers you are indicating consent to EiBI’s holding and processing the personal data you have provided to us, in accordance with legal bases set out under data protection law. Further to this, EiBI will share your details with the Energy Institute (EI) with whom this CPD series is run in contractual partnership. The EI will process your details for the purposes of marking your answers and issuing your CPD certificate. Your details will be kept securely at all times and in a manner complaint with all relevant data protection laws. For full details on the EI’s privacy policy please visit www.energyinst.org/privacy. • To hear more from the EI subscribe to our mailing list: visit https://myprofile. energyinst.org/EmailPreferences/Subscribe

VIEW FROM THE TOP

Paul Hutchens is CEO of solar installation specialists Eco2Solar

Life as we don’t know it The government’s plans to implement a Smart Export Guarantee for solar panel owners could represent a significant step towards creating a cleaner, greener future, says Paul Hutchens

ver since the energy system was designed 60 years ago, our predictable behaviour as consumers has remained just that - predictable. Most of us would come home at around 6pm, cook a meal, have a shower and watch TV. Now, however, that pattern is changing. Our use of electricity is becoming much less predictable; we have a lot more devices but they’re more energy efficient. Our homes are better insulated. But, most significantly, we have more households producing their own energy through solar panels; a trend that began with the introduction of the UK government’s Feed-In Tariff in 2010. The original Feed-In Tariff – which ended in April 2019 - was designed to incentivise and stimulate use of solar technology which, at the time, wasn’t economically viable for most householders.

More affordable than ever Through the Feed-In Tariff, homeowners would be paid a set rate for each unit of electricity generated, use as much electricity as they could and export the remainder; for which they would be paid via the Export element of the Feed-In Tariff. Today, however, solar technologies are more affordable than ever, and under the new Smart Export Guarantee, the government’s proposed mechanism beginning on 1st January 2020, homeowners who install solar after that date can still generate free electricity - but instead of being paid a flat rate of, for example, 5p for every kilowatt of surplus energy they export, they’ll be paid a variable amount depending on the value of that energy at the time. Energy is still more valuable to communities at 6pm when people come home from work than it is at 3am when we are sleeping - so rates will depend on these usage models, as well as the energy providers themselves and the package they offer to homeowners. It’s hoped this will create a thriving market for surplus energy sellers, as they’ll know when it’s most advantageous to produce, store, use

develop a mechanism to capture and leverage that energy; whether it’s for our own use or for export. Therefore, as the Smart Export Tariff becomes more embedded, we’ll begin to see a greater emergence of supportive technologies like lithium batteries that allow us to store energy and sell it at the most advantageous times of day.

Hutchens: 'more households than ever are producing their own energy through solar panels '

Smart app technology

and sell energy, and be able to seek out the most competitive export packages from energy companies. The National Grid and the District Network Operators have yet to develop models around how this market could work. There will invariably be opportunities for homeowners with solar panels and a battery to sell energy at the most advantageous rates, but we may also see the emergence of more complex models where the homeowner effectively leases the panels until they’re paid off, or the energy company installs and owns the panels and sells the energy produced from them to the home or building occupier. It’s similar to the model we see with phones; people will rarely spend £1,000 on the latest iPhone, but they’ll happily spend £30 a month leasing it. Just as the way we currently use data, where we can easily buy, store and move data around, the energy market could - and should adopt the same model, where we’re able to buy unlimited energy on a particular rate. This model could be successful, providing the energy companies ensure that energy is used and moved around in the most efficient way. Since solar energy is generated during the day, when people are generally out of the house, it will also be crucial to

‘We'll be able to sell energy to a specific buyer at a certain location such as a nearby school'

But one of the most important technologies - which, like batteries, exists at the moment but is yet to be adopted on a widespread scale - is smart apps and programmes that can connect real-time weather predictions to excess solar energy and immediate consumer needs. In other words, technology that knows you’re generating excess solar energy at midday because the sun’s shining, and then harnesses that energy to do tasks you’d normally do when you come home from work, like put the washing machine on. And if you don’t have any daytime need for energy, that technology stores it as surplus to use later, or sell to someone down the street because perhaps they work from home and most of their energy use is during the day. We’ll also see more technologies that allow us to sell energy to a specific buyer at a certain location, such as our neighbours or nearby schools, shops and services. But there’s another, more pressing driver behind the need to create more sustainable energy. As our lifestyles develop, so too will electric vehicles, battery storage and technologies that are capable of moving energy around as and when it’s needed. In turn, this will significantly grow our electricity usage; while a typical UK household currently uses around 4,000kWh of energy every year, that same household could be using 10 times as much within a matter of years. That’s why we need more solar. As the most convenient and cost-effective form of renewable energy, solar is undoubtedly an essential part of our future, offering us a clear model for sustainable energy production where clean power is both generated and delivered locally. 

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Exhibition Preview For further information on UK Construction Week visit www.eibi.co.uk/enquiries and enter ENQUIRY No. 135

Seven ways to network and learn

At UK Construction Week (UKCW), energy professionals get the best of all worlds, with bespoke content on a selection of topical issues, but also exposure to a wider range of learning

s any energy professional will admit, it can be difficult to justify time away from the job. But learning, networking and discovering are all essential to help keep on top of the latest industry insights and products. Here are seven reasons why you should attend the largest construction event of the year, 8-10 October, at Birmingham’s NEC.

1) Products, products everywhere With over 10,000 products being showcased at the event, it makes UKCW the ideal marketplace to source your new product. With eight different sections ranging from build to timber and from energy and HVAC to civils, everything you need is right there under one roof. Building Tech showcases the very latest technological advancements in automation, lighting, security and communication technology, and shows how these can be integrated into the built environment. Key exhibitors include Google Nest which is focusing on creating a helpful home that takes care of the people inside it. Pinnacle Infotech are on hand to provide a range of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and CAD. The Aurora Lighting Group is returning once again to UKCW. Aurora’s AOne Smart Lighting system offers innovative smart lighting products, it is compatible with SmartThings and Alexa, plus it can be controlled from anywhere in the world.

2) That lucky encounter Meeting face to face is the most engaging way to do business and UKCW can facilitate that. If you have spotted a business that you want to connect with contact them through the exhibitors’ portal and arrange the meeting in advance. 4,000 30 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | SEPTEMBER 2019

show, tackling fire safety, health and wellbeing and sustainability. There are also numerous minitheatres addressing additional topics in-depth. For example, SSE Enterprise, sponsor of day one of the Energy and HVAC Hub, will be covering ‘What is a commercially viable alternative to diesel power generators? The SSE case study.’ And they will be considering ‘Game changing generation technology to reduce NOX levels: How it works in practice.’

5) Health and wellbeing

Over 150 hours of CPD content will be available at the theatres during UK Construction Week

6) An experience not easily forgotten

business meetings were booked by UKCW visitors prior to the show last year, and exhibitors reported that they had generated 70,000 new business leads at the event.

3) Genuine innovation, not another widget You could leave the future of the industry as a surprise. But where’s the business sense in that? Disruptors are now present in many different markets, so this year UKCW is shining a spotlight on the serious change-makers in construction. To aid the search, a new Innovation Zone has been established in partnership with the Construction Innovation Hub (the Hub). Marsh Industries will be launching their new acoustic vibration reduction unit, Whisspurr, which is designed to reduce noise and vibration from diaphragm compressors, as part of the Innovation Zone.

Launching at UKCW this year, the Mind Your Head campaign is designed to promote mental wellbeing for those working in the construction industry, with particular focus on men who are at greater risk of suicide. It is a straighttalking, no-nonsense and accessible way to reach this target audience.

4) Your own personal industry MBA Condense your strategic business learning into one, two or three days of insights. UKCW brings together more than 300 expert speakers including Mark Farmer who is spearheading policy initiatives on Modern Methods of Construction (MMC), Professor Birgitte Andersen of the Big Innovation Centre, Keith Waller, programme director at the Construction Innovation Hub, and Sonia Zahiroddiny, BIM Strategy Manager for HS2. This year there will be more than 150 hours of CPD content available. The programme will take on a different theme for each day of the

The Building Tech section showcases the latest advances in lighting and communication technology

So, when did you last get to run a building site? Make a beeline for the Coventry University stand and its site simulator. It’s hailed as one of the most powerful experiences of any construction show. If you’re feeling brave you can step into the site hut, take on the role of the site manager and get first-hand experience of what it’s like to work on a busy project. Not for the faint hearted!

7) Celebrations and a beer festival Everyone enjoys a good awards night and UKCW is no exception. The show hosts the UKCW Role Model of the year, the new Building Trades Awards with Fix Radio and the new UKCW Construction Awards. Plus, to encourage young people into construction the iBuiltThis competition is back and the winners will be announced at UKCW. UKCW is one event with many sections, including Build, sponsored by Easy-Trim, Building Tech, Civils, Energy and HVAC, Surface and Materials, and Timber. It also features Concrete Expo (8-9 October only) and Grand Designs Live (9-10 October only). • Single registration gives access to all areas of the show. For further information follow visit: https://www. ukconstructionweek.com/

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Products In Action For further information on products and services visit www.eibi.co.uk/enquiries and enter the appropriate online enquiry number

Heat recovery for luxury apartments

Shedding light on largest Primark store The largest Primark store in the world has recently opened it doors having taken over the entire former Pavilions Shopping Mall in Birmingham. It has five floors, covering approximately 15,000m2, and includes the first café with an official Disney licence apart from its resorts and cruise ships. The artificial lighting system, specified by lighting consultant iGuzzini, helps create a pleasant and relaxing atmosphere throughout, with different characteristics designed to suit the function of the area in question. The main goal of the project was to light this vast space with a limited number of types of luminaires. These include a track structure with Front Light projectors, fitted with different optics, for the fashionwear departments and relaxation areas. More specifically, the relaxation areas, which feature sofas, small tables and graffitidecorated walls, are lit with linear iN60 luminaires, fitted with opal screens and a colour temperature of 3000K, the most common colour temperature in the store. In some areas, these luminaires are also positioned in a zig-zag shape to create a soft atmosphere with low lighting levels. Laterally positioned iN60 light lines create an even vertical wall wash effect on the graffiti-decorated walls. Front Light luminaires are used to focus light on the cash desk areas and the work tables in the beauty salon, and Underscore Ledstrip is are used to create a repetitive effect that distinguishes the escalator areas and highlights the building’s different floors. In addition to these luminaire, there are also other highlighting effects used, such as the Cups in the area opposite the Mills for Primark department, with iN30 Laser Blade used between the cup luminaires. Laser Blade InOut was also used in the entrances.

NEC Services Limited has installed Vortice’s new Vort Phantom void-mounted heat recovery units and Lineo in-line fans to the 74-room extension at the Roomzzz aparthotel in Newcastle. This boutique townhouse aparthotel is a beautiful Grade 2 listed building containing 14 individually styled, spacious apartments, situated on the bustling Quayside. Vortice has supplied six Vort Phantom heat recovery units and 68 Lineo in line fan ventilation units to NEC Services which has been installing the units in the apartments along with Broadley Group contractors and Park Lane Properties Ltd. Vortice area sales manager, Gary Williams, said: “We are delighted to be working alongside NEC Services on this contract, supplying our new void mounted heat recovery units to the Roomzzz aparthotel. Space restrictions, performance and especially noise data were key to winning this project for us.” The centralised ventilation units each have a high efficiency counter cross flow heat exchanger with frost protection and easily accessible filters. The units come complete with a wired remote control unit with LCD allowing initial configuration and commissioning, speed selection, display of the time, room temperature and filter status.

ONLINE ENQUIRY 103

ONLINE ENQUIRY 101

District heating helps bring flats to life LG has helped renovate some dilapidated social housing flats in Northamptonshire, with its Multi V 5 VRF solution providing heat and hot water through a district heating system, utilising four of its Hydro Kit units to provide sufficient heating and hot water for all the flats in this exciting new refurbishment project, via heat interface units. It’s a refurbishment project, for a mirror image pair of multi-storey social housing blocks in Kettering that may be the template for all such buildings – of which there are hundreds – proving that old, energy inefficient buildings can be turned around to provide sustainable tenancies for tenants in or close to fuel poverty, needing safe, warm homes. The first block of 18 apartments has been completed and the second one started in late spring 2019. In order to keep costs of heating and hot water down, a district heating system was agreed, future proofing the buildings, utilising a central plant room to house most of the equipment, channeling the heating and hot water via a heat interface unit - in each apartment. It’s more efficient and less costly to install than the individual combi boiler set up that has been the stock in trade for social housing apartment buildings. With this system there is no need to install gas piping throughout the building. The two Multi V 5 units were installed on the roof top – the units take up minimal floor space and are around 15 per cent lighter than comparable units.

ONLINE ENQUIRY 104

32 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | SEPTEMBER 2019

Versatile HVAC solution for Welsh hospital Kingspan Kooltherm products have been installed in the new operating theatres at Wrexham Maelor Hospital to provide a versatile, lightweight HVAC solution. The premium building service specification included the installation of 2,000m of Kingspan Kooltherm Pipe Insulation and 400m2 of Kingspan Kooltherm Duct Insulation by thermal insulation contractor, Midland Premier Insulations Limited (MPI). Scott McCaskie, Director for MTX, discussed the project: “Given the environment, safety of patients is a priority. Kingspan products were selected for this project as, in addition to their thermal performance which would support the maintenance of comfortable temperatures, they could also deliver excellent levels of indoor air quality with their fibre-free insulation cores.” Kingspan Kooltherm Pipe Insulation offers premium thermal performance with an aged thermal conductivity as low as 0.025W/m.K (at 10°C mean). It is one of the thinnest and most thermally efficient in common use within the UK construction industry today. This supported a fast-track installation whilst ensuring services operate effectively. Kingspan Kooltherm Duct Insulation can achieve thermal conductivities as low as 0.022W/m.K (at +10°C mean) and is suitable for rectangular, circular and flat oval indoor ductwork applications, within an operating ONLINE ENQUIRY 102 temperature range of –20°C to 80°C.

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Innovative features and outstanding functionality for all ener energy gy applications The EM340 3-phase energy meter meter,, utilises touch screen technology making standard user operations such as page scrolling, programming and parameter checks not only simpler but faster; as well as, easier to read avoiding any mechanical issues nor normally mally associated with using traditional keypads. TTogether ogether ogethe with Carlo Gavazziâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; o Gavazziâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ss web-based monitoring ring systems, such as the UWP UWP, P, the EM340 energy meter provides a complete solution for energy management applications both single and multi-site installations.

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Smart Buildings Show Preview For further information on Smart Buildings Show visit www.eibi.co.uk/enquiries and enter ENQUIRY No. 138

An insight into smart Smart Buildings Show, which takes place on the 9-10 October 2019 at Olympia London, is the UK’s largest event dedicated to smart commercial buildings

arketsAndMarkets forecasts the smart building market size to grow from $7.42bn in 2017 to $31.74bn by 2022, at a compound annual growth rate of 33.7 per cent during 2017–2022. This huge investment in building management systems, intelligent lighting, software, security and automation means that facilities managers, building owners and architects are under increasing pressure to work with technology providers and deliver the right solution to make their buildings more efficient and more user friendly than ever before. Growth in the market also means it is essential that facilities managers, building owners and architects make the right decisions when specifying new builds or retrofitting existing buildings, ensuring that they conform to current regulations and that the workplace is both fit for purpose now and in the years to come. Smart Buildings Show is a free-toattend event that provides critical insights into the sector through its exhibitors and industry-leading conference content. Tom Bell, product manager at True Occupancy by irisys, commented: “We visited the Smart Buildings Show last year and were so impressed that we made plans to return and booked a stand for the 2019 event. London is a real hub for smart building technology and innovation, so there is no better place to engage key decision makers, educate the market and showcase our occupancy analytics solution.” Smart Buildings Show 2019 is already set to be larger than the 2018 event with stands booked by: EiBI, Schneider Electric, Bluetooth SIG, ENGIE UK, Wireless Infrastructure Group, Condeco, Allied Telesis, Beckhoff, Belimo, SYSCOM, Steinel UK, Net Coverage Solutions, Optimised Buildings, Herbert In-

Microsoft plus a host of experts from across the smart buildings industry. These include spokespeople from companies such as Schneider Electric, Google and engie. There will also be a number of panel debates featuring thought leaders from the smart buildings and smart cities industry.

Building services spectrum

Building Wireless, J2 Innovations, Theben UK, Irisys, Coster Group UK, Aranet, Helvar, LYNRED, Siemens, Johnson Controls, Birdsall, Dwyer Instruments, global associates, Synapsys, Open Technology, Panasonic, EnOcean, ExcelRedstone, Distech, BEG, Resource Data Management, Pressac Communications, Carlo Gavazzi, HMS Industrial Networks, ICONICS UK, Contemporary Controls, WAGO, Phoenix Contact, Priva UK, One SightSolutions, Sontay, Tamlite, Drax Technology, DEOS UK, The Remark Group and UbiqiSense. The conference programme is split into three main theatres, with an additional CPD-accredited training theatre: • The Connected-management theatre. This theatre will look at how a smart building is managed, including FM, software, security, sector analysis and market information, integration, data analysis and services; • The Connected-controls theatre. Sponsored by Bluetooth SIG speakers in this theatre will look at the physical devices in smart buildings including building

34 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | SEPTEMBER 2019

controls, energy efficiency, BEMS, networks, connectivity, sensors, shading and lighting; and • The Connected-spaces theatre - Sponsored by Schneider Electric, this theatre will focus on workspaces, wellbeing and smart cities. Commercial buildings owners and operators are being asked to make their buildings flexible, healthy and productive for their employees. Speakers will look at the management of commercial buildings and how the work environment can affect performance. They will also examine how external forces such as parking and transport infrastructure will affect the built environment. In an impressive line up of speakers there will be keynote presentations from WeWork and

The organisers of Smart Buildings Show are expecting an audience from across the buildings services spectrum, after the success of last year’s event. John Hatcher, conference director, commented: “The quality of the attendees is again set to be high with registrations already in from companies such as; HMRC, Google, Savills, Shell, BP, BT, Pret a Manger, Crown Commercial Services, JLL, CBRE, Cushman & Wakefield, Laing O’ Rourke, Hoare O’ Lea, Mace, Goldman Sachs, Hurley Palmer Flatt, B Sky B, Interserve FM, Deutsche Bank, University of Bristol, ISS, Direct Line Group, Rolls Royce, Harrods, Houses of Parliament, London Borough of Tower Hamlets, National Library, J Sainsbury, Royal Mail, Broadgate Estates and WSP. “The smart building industry is rapidly growing and there is a thirst for knowledge to keep apace with new technologies, products and trends. Smart Buildings Show delivers on all these fronts and is not to be missed by the serious smart building professional,” concluded Hatcher. With support from associations such as the IWFM, BCIA, Bluetooth SIG, KNX UK and BSRIA Smart Buildings Show 2019 promises to deliver in terms of knowledge transfer and networking. • Full details of the speaker programme are available at www. smartbuildingsshow.com • To register for this freeto attend event go to www. smartbuildingsshow.com

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Smart Buildings Show Preview For further information on Smart Buildings Show visit www.eibi.co.uk/enquiries and enter ENQUIRY No. 139

Shaping the future of smart Top speakers will gather at Smart Buildings Show at Olympia, London, to outline the challenges, opportunities and hurdles to be overcome as buildings get smart WEDNESDAY OCTOBER 9

 Connected Spaces Theatre

 Connected Management Theatre

10:00 Using your BMS to create well being Ian Ellis, Siemens Smart Infrastructure

10:00 How Digital Twins and AI can improve Building performance Leo Hitzert, Priva 10:45 Microsoft – Shaping the Future of Smart Buildings and Spaces David Williams, Microsoft 11:30 Leveraging New Transformative Technologies Mark Davenport, Smart Buildings 12:15 Driving Business Outcomes through Collaborative Smart Buildings Pradyumna Pandit, Schneider Electric 13:00 The Business Case For A Smart Building? Susan Clarke, Verdantix 13:45 Panel Debate – IBM 14:30 Wellbeing in buildings – Gimmick or Game Changer? Henry Lawson, BSRIA 15:15 Smart Buildings and the Connected World of IoT Paul Price, Tridium Europe 16:00 Smart buildings, Using the power of IoT and the cloud to bring cost, safety and operational benefits to facilities management Paul Mason, Honeywell Building Solutions

 Connected Controls Theatre 10:00 Smarter Networks for Connected Spaces LeaAnn Carl, Commscope 10:45 Smart Buildings @ UCL Dimitrios Rovas, UCL 11:30 When Full-fibre Infrastructure Meets Smart IoT Solutions Clayton Nash, CityFibre 12:15 Driving Business Value in Smart Buildings via the new Bluetooth direction finding feature: an overview of AoA and AoD technologies Fabio Belloni, Quuppa 13:00 TBC 13:45 TBC 14:30 Digital Buildings - Making the Data Useful Oliver Barker, Norman Disney & Young 15:15 Integrated Building Automation. Collaboration and holistic design Paul Foulkes, Theben 16:00 How Technology is Changing the Built Environment - Preparing for Smart Buildings and Immersive, Personalised Experiences in Your Facilities Todd Boucher, LED Design 36 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | SEPTEMBER 2019

10:45 Delivering an Integrated Workplace Experience in Smart Buildings Simon Clement, Schneider Electric Graeme Rees, Schneider Electric 11:30 What’s Now and What’s Next For Smart Buildings Darlene Pope, WeWork 12:15 Talking Buildings Craig Birchenough, Wireless Infrastructure Group 13:00 5 things I’ve learned from getting smart wrong Matthew Marson, WSP 13:45 Building Efficiency and Employee Wellness Pete Smith, iaconnects 14:30 Panel Debate - IWFM 15:15 Turning Ordinary Places into Brighter Spaces Alan Jackson, Helvar 16:00 Autonomous Buildings are a $10 Trillion Market Opportunity by 2030 Thomas Chung, Verdigris

 Training Hub 10:00 Sensing Technology in Building Services Andy Camsell, SONTAY LTD 11:30 TBC 13:00 Never Underestimate the Cost of Power Scott Goodwin, Utility Results 15:00 TBC

14:30 The JCI Journey : distilled in a tale of a single building Eamon O’Brien, JCI 15:15 FM & Workplace‚ 2 sides of the same coin Tim Barnes, Synapsys Solutions

 Connected Controls Theatre 10:00 In-building Communications 101 Limor Schafman, TIA 10:45 Lighting: the foundation of a Smart Building Jeremy Ludyjan, Tuya 11:30 Cisco/Meraki 12:15 Panel Debate - BCIA/Beckhoff 13:00 TBC 13:45 Sensors are the foot soldiers of the BMS and don’t forget it Stacey Lucas, Sontay 14:30 Secure By Design Anthony Dann, Honeywell Trend Controls 15:15 Building Automation and Connected Equipment George Wylie, Delta Controls

 Connected Spaces Theatre 10:00 How to optimize the occupancy rate of office buildings? Cyrille Trouilleau, ULIS 10:45 TBC Mark Boorman, Capita 11.30 Institute of Workplace and Facilities Management 12:15 Noise and Wellbeing at Work Penelope Harrall, The Remark Group 13:00 TBC

THURSDAY OCTOBER 10  Connected Management Theatre 10:00 Omni’s Digital led maintenance; disrupting the FM industry norms Duncan Atkins, Omni Systems 10:45 Creating Self-maintaining Smart Buildings Lars Hennecke, Schneider Electric Erik Jaspers, Planon 11:30 Speaker from Google 12:15 Purpose and the Path to Smart Building Success Matt Salter, Excel Redstone 13:00 TBC Mike Bedford, Hoare Lee 13:45 Real world benefits of occupancy data Simon Carter, True Occupancy by Irisys / Anticus Consulting Ltd

13:45 The Height of Comfort Simon Ward, Distech Controls 14:30 Turning Properties Into Places Lauren Long, Site 1001 15:15 Intelligent lighting can make your business smarter Rebecca Shaw, Scenariio

 Training Hub 10:00 TBC 11:30 TBC 13:00 Cyber Security for Smart Buildings in the Cloud Age Victor Lough, Schneider Electric

EIBI_0919_002-060 Edit_Layout 1 03/09/2019 10:33 Page 43

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Monitoring & Metering For further information on Belimo visit www.eibi.co.uk/enquiries and enter ENQUIRY No. 137

A high level of automation has been included in the Motta Hub restaurant in Switzerland

Head in the Cloud Seamless energy monitoring is a key part of the new Motta Hub restaurant in Lenzerheide, in the Swiss Alps. And state-of-the-art sensors are at the heart of the technology

he slopes and ski lifts in the Arosa Lenzerheide ski resort had barely shut down in 2017 before the bulldozers moved in to tear down the old Motta Hut to prepare the ground for the construction of a new restaurant in time for the 2017/2018 ski season. The new Motta Hut has room inside for 120 people and outside for 240 on a multi-level sun terrace. The innovative timber-frame construction ensures a rustic, yet modern ambiance, both inside and out. To ensure that the restaurant operators would be able to take care of their guests, a HVAC system with a high level of automation was selected. The plant was also equipped with Belimo products including the new sensor product range as well as the Belimo Energy Valve with Cloud connection. There was a tight schedule for the Motta Hut. Delivery reliability was just as crucial as the selection of products to meet the high demands

and requirements when it came to offering transparency and control of the HVAC system. “Thanks to the sensors and the connection to the Belimo Cloud, the measurements can be broken down even more precisely to the individual valve,“ said Samuel Lorez, head of technology at Lenzerheide Bergbahnen AG. “In addition, we can also view the data and the evaluations without difficulty, and thus better distribute the energy costs.“

Sensor product range For over 40 years, Belimo has been constantly developing and expanding its range of new products and technologies to improve efficiency in buildings. With its complete sensor product range for temperature, humidity, air quality and pressure, Belimo can provide all of the HVAC field devices from a single source. The sensors feature a unique and uniform housing and assembly concept, which allows quick installation and makes them

38 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | SEPTEMBER 2019

‘Measurements can be broken down to the individual valve’ fully compatible with all major building automation and control systems. The housing provides IP65 protection. The catch fastener makes it possible to open and close the lid without the use of tools, thus enabling rapid and reliable installation. The integration of the sensors makes it possible to control, monitor and check the entire HVAC system even better than before. At the Motta Hut, the Belimo sensors were installed in the air handling unit, in the heating lines and for measuring the outdoor temperature. The intelligent, pressureindependent valve combines five functions in a single, easyto-assemble unit. The further

development into an IoT device (Internet of Things) thanks to the connection to the Belimo Cloud makes measuring, controlling, balancing, shutting off and energy monitoring even more transparent and the corresponding operation even easier. Unique functions such as the Delta-T manager or the possibility of direct power control provide clarity, enhance efficiency and reduce costs. By being integrated into the Belimo Cloud, Lenzerheide Bergbahnen AG receives all information on the energy consumption of the heat pump, heating group and ventilation units into its own account. Other advantages of the Cloud, in addition to transparency, are Cloud optimisations. To improve system performance and stability, the Delta-T settings recommended by Belimo experts can be made available using cloud-based analysis. Furthermore, online updates ensure that the Belimo Energy Valve represents the very latest of technology at all times. In addition, support via the Cloud aids technicians in commissioning or solving technical problems. For this reason, Belimo also grants a seven-year guarantee for the Belimo Energy Valve. Particularly in cases of new systems, such as with the reconstruction of the Motta Hut, it is recommended that the settings are checked at the beginning of operation. This means that the system will have optimum function from the very beginning and that there will be no unnecessary energy consumption. The main function of the Belimo Energy Valves is regulating individual components and identifying the performance that each consumer requires. With too low a differential temperature, the energy consumption of the pumps as well as the cooling and heat generation increases above a certain operating point – without increasing the output. Delta-T management, either integrated in the Belimo Energy Valve or done by Belimo experts via the Belimo Cloud, always ensures efficient operation. This means that it is no longer possible for the heat exchanger to become flooded. 

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9-10 October 2019 â&#x20AC;˘ Olympia â&#x20AC;˘ London

MAKING YOUR BUILDING SMARTER Smart Buildings Show is the largest free to attend commercial smart building conference and exhibition in the UK. Keep up to date with the latest innovations and technologies Meet the leading suppliers to the market Find new partners and business opportunities Network with your peers from other organisations Speakers* include: Microsoft, Google, WeWork, CityFibre, ENGIE UK, Bluetooth SIG, WSP, Honeywell, Siemens, Tridium, CommScope, Verdantix, IBM, Cisco Meraki, ExCelRedstone, Planon & Hoare Lee Exhibitors* include: Schneider Electric, Beckhoff, Johnson Controls, Wireless Infrastructure Group, Resource Data Management, Priva, Helvar, Siemens, One SightSolutions, Synapsys, Allied Telesis, HotDeskPlus, Optimised Buildings & Iconics UK * Correct at time of going to press

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ESTA VIEWPOINT

For further information on ESTA visit www.estaenergy.org.uk

The real cost of inaction

With the deadline for ESOS Phase 2 approaching, Jes Rutter wonders what can be done to improve the poor take up of energy-saving projects after the first phase

n 2017, the Department for Business Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS), published a report on the impact of the first round of the Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme (ESOS). While the report estimated the total energy savings opportunities identified to be around £2.2bn, an analysis by DECC predicted that ESOS would only actually reduce energy consumption by 3TWh each year, meaning total energy savings of £250m – just 0.25 per cent of the total savings available. With the focus so much on the Climate Change Emergency, this is a staggering discrepancy and a grim reflection on the commitment of UK plc to reduce its environmental impact. The ludicrous fact is that those massive savings would provide a direct contribution to the profitability of each organisation and to the national economy. At an organisational level, where the changes need to be made, the true cost of inaction is rarely understood and there are always lots of reasons why improvement projects are not implemented, e.g. lack of finance, insufficient resources, organisational inertia or simply no confidence in the estimated savings. Clearly, with the deadline to ESOS phase 2 rapidly approaching, we need to be thinking 40 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | SEPTEMBER 2019

about how we can avoid what happened at the end of ESOS phase 1, with only about 5 per cent of organisations taking the ESOS recommendations seriously. How can organisations be convinced that there is no downside to implementing improvement projects and there can only be benefits? Not understanding the true cost of doing nothing is perhaps the biggest hurdle. Apart from the direct energy savings from improvement projects, inaction also ignores: • the stresses to the business caused by rising energy prices; • increased costs associated with production growth; • that any money saved could be turned to profit or used to invest elsewhere in the business; and • the social gains of reduced environmental impact. One of the biggest challenges energy managers have is to argue the case for energy project investment.

Compelling case for action We’ve talked to some key decision makers and we’ve been able to make a compelling case for action in a really powerful, clear, visual way with a Cost of Inaction Analysis. This is a comprehensive analysis of the cost of inaction against the benefits

Jes Rutter is managing director of energy consultancy JRP Solutions and chair of the ESTA Independent Energy Consultants Group

of implementation. It factors in the implementation of potential energy-saving projects, the impact of varying production rates and also rising energy prices. By using an Energy Bridge, the analysis can show the staggered implementation of the recommended energy-saving projects through the years to 2023. It shows energy increases as a result of a change or increase in production. And it shows the predicted site energy consumption each year where the saving opportunities haven’t been implemented. The difference between forecasts of each year shows the excess energy consumed as a result of doing nothing. It can also show the cost of implementing the projects compared to the cumulative savings or ‘size of the opportunity’ that can be expected from them. This clearly illustrates that the opportunities for savings continue to outweigh the related capital expenditure year-on-year. Each year the savings are magnified as a result of the continually increasing price of electricity and gas in line with UK government forecasts. A Cost of Inaction Analysis is a very powerful way to change the mind set of key decision makers and to unlock energy savings. One of the commonly cited barriers to the uptake of energy improvement projects is the lack of trust in the level of savings being claimed. Proof of energy consumption savings envisaged by individual energy reduction projects can be provided by using the protocol for performance measurement and verification (M&V) as outlined in the International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol (IPMVP) Guidelines. IPMVP has become the internationally recognised protocol for validating the performance of energy saving projects. The IPMVP guidelines, built with the help of organisations from 16 countries and hundreds of individual experts from 25 nations, provides a consistent, reliable approach to M&V around the world. Surely with a true understanding of the costs of inaction provided by the Cost of Inaction Analysis and proven savings using the IPMVP protocol, all other arguments against the implementation of energy improvement projects can be overcome? The deadline for the next round of ESOS is 5 December 2019. We all need to work hard to ensure that this isn’t the end of the process. This should be the beginning of a programme of improvement on delivery. 

EIBI_0919_002-060 Edit_Layout 1 03/09/2019 10:33 Page 47

eibi.co.uk/enquiries Enter 25

Humidification For further information on Humidity Solutions Ltd visit www.eibi.co.uk/enquiries and enter ENQUIRY No. 143

John Barker is managing director of Humidity Solutions Ltd

Do we need humidity control? John Barker believes that we need coordinated regulated standards to ensure humidification is used in the UK’s buildings. Until then, cost will always count against its specification

ne of the most common things we hear from clients is: “Humidity control is expensive to install and operate, isn’t it? I think I can get away with just cutting it out of the spec for my air conditioning. After all no-one will notice, so everyone wins.” We wanted to address this, because while there might be some truth to this statement, the answer is, not quite. And you’re probably looking at it in the wrong way. When we look at the Oxford English Dictionary, their definition of air conditioning is: “A system for controlling the humidity, ventilation and temperature of a building or vehicle, typically to maintain a cool atmosphere in warm conditions.” So as you can see, this definition has humidity first and foremost, and for a good reason. Humidity control is what allows building occupants to enjoy a comfortable environment and good indoor air quality. If you want to maintain good health in an office, school, care home or any other indoor environment where people will spend lots of time, then you need to ensure a relative humidity of around 50 per cent is achieved and maintained. If the relative humidity (RH) drops below this level, then germs and pathogens in the air can hang around for much longer periods and travel further as they do so, spreading infection and illness as they go. Viruses like the flu or the dreaded norovirus survive up to three times as long at an RH of 2030 per cent, while an RH of between 40-70 per cent will minimise their survival time and travelling ability. If that wasn’t enough, the flu is actually more infectious when in high or low RH environments, but is minimally infectious at 50 per cent RH. In addition, a stable and appropriate RH eliminates static in the air, prevents sore eyes, reduces eczema, improves concentration and limits the loss of hydration among your workforce.

Installing a humidifier into a building that’s still being designed is an easy process

When talking about humidity control, ‘too expensive’ often refers to energy efficiency. And it is true that if you look at a humidifier in isolation it does consume energy, and in the case of a steam humidifier, a lot of energy. But if you look at the air conditioning system as a whole, then the humidifier can not only be energy efficient, but it can actually save energy as well.

Adding adiabatic solution You can reduce a building’s energy consumption with effective humidification. If a site has a high cooling load (like a data centre, a busy office or a print studio), then adding an adiabatic solution means you are humidifying and cooling the air at the same time. This means that you don’t need extra cooling, and Effective humidification can reduce a building’s energy consumption

42 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | SEPTEMBER 2019

can save you a small fortune in extra chiller or air conditioning bills. Installing a humidifier into a building that’s still being designed is a simple process – just add the humidity system via the AHU, or through a standalone system -like the new Homevap humidifier which can be used with fan coils or as a self-contained unit. With this approach the standard power, water and drainage services can all be integrated into the building management system along with the humidifier. Retrofitting is equally simple, and can often be done with minimal disruption, so the capital cost of the humidifier is often lower than expected. The situation is different in schools, where the Building Schools for the Future programme laid

down standards for new educational establishments, which included IAQ. The latest version of Building Bulletin 101: Ventilation for School Buildings also places great emphasis on IAQ. Clearly, any move to maintain good IAQ for our children is to be welcomed, but let’s not forget about the 32m adults currently in employment – many of them working in buildings. In cities and towns that are becoming increasingly polluted with fumes, airborne industrial waste and other particles, that poor quality air is being pulled into buildings through ‘fresh air’ ventilation systems, filtered and pumped into our offices. No wonder our overall health is starting to decline. But, as of yet, there is no specific legislation relating to RH in general workplaces. While many organisations are recommending an RH of 40-60 per cent be maintained (including the World Health Organization and the Humidity Group of Hevac Association), there is no way to enforce this. Given that high humidity will cause people to feel uncomfortable, so use extra energy to cool themselves, and encourage mould growth and condensation at the same time, high humidity is to be avoided. In the UK we have a naturally low RH, particularly in winter, which comes with its own set of problems. Effective filtration can help to a degree, but it’s only with humidity control that we will see these problems eliminated from UK workplaces. The main barrier to properly addressing these IAQ issues is commercial. We seem to be shying away from setting coordinated regulated standards to ensure excellent IAQ as this would result in extra investment in plant and slightly higher running costs due to higher maintenance requirements. What we should be considering as an industry, employers, employees and society as a whole is whether improving IAQ to underpin improved health and wellbeing is worth that investment. 

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EXTENSIVE DEHUMIDIFIER RANGE Find the energy stories that matter at www.eibi.co.uk. News updated every day together with all the features, news, products, interviews and analysis youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve come to expect from the UKâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s No.1 energy journal.

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Humidification

Dave Marshall-George is UK sales manager at Condair plc

For further information on Condair plc visit www.eibi.co.uk/enquiries and enter ENQUIRY No. 144

Low indoor humidity levels increase our susceptibility to airborne infections

Humidity and healthcare Dave Marshall-George examines the implications for hospitals of a recently published study on humidity and influenza infection

he Department of Health’s guidance on the design of HVAC systems for healthcare premises advises that, due to high running costs, humidity control is not required unless there is a “very specific application requirement”. However, a recently published Yale University study has shown that a low indoor humidity level increases our susceptibility to airborne infections and makes us much less able to combat them. Given that a hospital’s main purpose is to promote the health of its occupants, is maintaining humidity at an optimum level for health, a specific enough “application requirement” to make humidity control in hospitals a necessary part their HVAC design? The Yale study, carried out in the laboratory of Dr Akiko Iwasaki, showed that breathing air with a low humidity level reduces our immune system’s capability to fight off flu infections. The research results indicated that using humidifiers in the winter to increase the moisture content of air in occupied buildings, such as offices, schools and hospitals, is a potential strategy to reduce the

seasonal impact of flu on society. The Yale study used mice that respond to flu in a similar way to humans. The mice were infected with flu and kept in either low humidity or mid-level humidity conditions. Their physical reactions to the flu virus were then examined, including weight loss, temperature changes, their ability to clear the virus from their respiratory system and heal resultant inflammation, and ultimately their mortality rate. The scientists found that the mice kept in low humidity (10-20 per cent RH) suffered a much worse disease course than the mice kept in mid-level humidity (50 per cent RH). They suffered more rapid and greater weight loss, were unable to maintain a normal body temperature and experienced a higher mortality rate. Dr Iwasaki commented: “What we found was that low humidity impairs the ability of the respiratory tract, lung and nose to get rid of the flu virus. In the airway cells, hair-like projections, called cilia, are constantly moving inhaled particles along to get rid of them. However, in low humidity we found that this cilia movement, as well as particle removal, was impaired. This is

44 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | SEPTEMBER 2019

particularly important for people who are very susceptible such as the very young, infant or the older person over 65, as mortality from flu mostly occurs in this age group.” The researchers also observed that low humidity reduces the ability of cells in the lungs, damaged by flu, to repair themselves. A third effect of low humidity identified in this study, was that infected cells stopped signalling for help from neighbouring cells. The ability to recruit additional immune cells to fight invading viruses or bacteria is an essential part of the body’s natural defence system, and is key to limiting disease from infections.

Mid-range humidity levels Commenting on the results of the study, Dr Stephanie Taylor, Infection Control Consultant at Harvard Medical School and an ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer, said: “This study clearly shows the need to maintain indoor relative humidity at 40–60 per cent in homes, schools, offices, hospitals, aeroplanes and all other occupied spaces.” This study is not alone in its findings that maintaining a midrange indoor humidity level is

optimum for human health. Condair has published on its website summaries from 25 scientific studies which took place between 1948 and 2019 relating to humidity and health. They all indicate that maintaining an indoor level of around 40-60 per cent RH is vital for the body’s natural defence against airborne infection and in creating an atmosphere that limits the spread of airborne crossinfection. The Yale study is yet further evidence for a regulatory minimum humidity level to be set for public places to reduce the impact of seasonal flu, particularly in places such as hospitals. Healthcare establishments bring infected individuals into close proximity with high risk groups, such as the elderly, very young or infirm. It is relatively simple to maintain a healthy indoor humidity of 40-60 per cent RH in hospitals and other public buildings using commercial humidification systems. However, unlike temperature, humidity is not easily perceivable by occupants. This frequently results in building operators saving money by not installing, or even turning off, their humidifiers and allowing indoor humidity to drop very low in the winter. The problem is compounded by legislation that requires building operators to reduce energy consumption. Building owners and designers are forced to minimise building services to become more efficient. However, the result is necessary services, such as humidity control, are being sacrificed at the expense of occupant health. According to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, it is estimated that 300,000 patients a year in England acquire a healthcareassociated infection (HAI), as a result of care within the NHS. The most common type of healthcareassociated infections are respiratory infections, accounting for 22.8 per cent of all HAIs. Given the cost of airborne cross infection on the NHS, and the science showing how maintaining 40-60 per cent RH could potentially reduce HAIs, surely it’s time that the DoH’s guidelines on the need for humidification in hospitals were reviewed? 

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Extra features for popular thermostat

Split air con system with small footprint

Controls specialist SALUS has upgraded a popular thermostat range to now include Internal Temperature Load Compensation (ITLC). The RT510 range, which proved extremely popular with homeowners and installers has been developed and improved by SALUS to become the RT510+ range. The new, RT510+ and RT510RF+ are simple to install and fully programmable room thermostats with a range of advanced features and selectable modes. The RT510RF+ uses RF communication with the boiler receiver and with built in ITLC (Internal Temperature Load Compensation) it is fully compliant with Boiler Plus. With the plug in boiler products, SALUS have the only Boiler Plus plug in boiler controls on the market and importantly, with a load compensator included, this measures the difference between the internal temperature and the set temperature of the thermostat and adjusts the boiler thermostat as appropriate to avoid overheating.

STULZ UK has launched a split air-conditioning system – the EC Tower – that is claimed to offer high levels of reliability and precision control at a fraction of the footprint of conventional air-conditioning systems. “All too often, poorly specified cooling technology leads to erratic climate control, increased operating expenditure and costly disruption to IT operations,” commented Phil McEneaney, head of sales, STULZ UK. “Downtime is not an option regardless of the size of the server room. However, precision cooling solutions, such as the EC Tower series, are ideally suited to technical spaces that cannot compromise on reliability, space or cost,” A split climate solution, the EC Tower range can be rapidly deployed for heat loads of 5kW to 24kW. A key advantage of the outdoor condensing unit is the ability to support dynamic capacity adjustment of the rated cooling capacity – which delivers significant energy savings. The EC Tower series is designed for continuous, 24/7 cooling of technical rooms. While conventional comfort air-conditioning units can use up to 40 per cent of their cooling capacity in dehumidification, the EC Tower generates between 90 and 100 per cent of sensible cooling capacity which reduces dehumidification and lost performance.

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Smart solution for direct room humidification The new MiniSteam E from HygroMatik is the safe and smart solution for direct room humidification. An electrode humidifier, it operates with normal tap water to generate pure, mineral-free steam and is made from quality parts to guarantee a long service life. For rooms or houses in which there is no centrally controlled air-conditioning system, the MiniSteam E offers an excellent and efficient alternative for humidification. Compact, it’s easy to install and mount on a wall, ensuring optimum humidity

distribution in every room. A maximum steam output of 5 or 10 kg/h makes the MiniSteam E just right for the humidification of small and medium offices, production and storage facilities. The ventilation unit distributes hygienic steam evenly throughout the room to deliver effective humidification. Its steam output and space-saving dimensions makes the MiniSteam E ideal for climate humidification in small and medium-sized offices as well as production and storage rooms.

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SIMPLE & SMART Energy Saving Controls DANLERS high quality stand alone lighting controls have been simply saving energy and money for our customers for nearly 30 years. DANLERS have now introduced SMART network control solutions suitable to work wirelessly with Ecosystems such as CASAMBI, SILVAIR or WIREPAS. Whether WIRED or WIRELESS communication is required we have control solutions suitable for: OFFICES SCHOOLS & COLLEGES FACTORIES & WAREHOUSES HOSPITALS HOTELS & LEISURE COUNCILS / LOCAL AUTHORITIES CAR PARKS STUDENT ACCOMMODATION MANY OTHER APPLICATIONS Contact us or visit our website for more information on our energy saving controls. DANLERS Limited, DANLERS Business Centre, Vincients Road, Chippenham, Wiltshire, SN14 6NQ Tel: 01249 443377. Email: sales@danlers.co.uk eibi.co.uk/enquiries Enter 31

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DEMANDING BY NATURE

THIRD-PARTY CERTIFICATION DESERVES YOUR CONFIDENCE The labels, logos or ÂŤ certificate of excellence Âť are abundant, but they are not all equal. When a manufacturer starts the process of Third-Party certification, they enter a process of quality for the benefit of all: end users, prescribers, insurers, investors and authorities. The reliability of advertised performance, the readability and transparency of information, the regulatory compliance, the product energy efficiency, are some of the benefits resulting from Third-Party certification. Our certification process is robust, rigorous and demanding: continuous testing, product sampling, factory audits, independent testing by accredited agencies and laboratories, selection software control as well as independent evaluation. Since 1994 EUROVENT CERTIFICATION CERTIFICATION certifies the performance ratings of HVAC-R products for residential home and industrial facilities. Visit our website available 24/7. Getty Images ÂŠThomasVogel

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Download your customized

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DIRECTORY CONTACTS To advertise in this section contact classified sales on Tel: 01889 577222 Email: classified@eibi.co.uk

New Products

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Air Conditioning

Bringing energy management to the Cloud Contemporary Controls has introduced a family of BASpi Controllers designed to bring energy management and optimisation to the Edge by connecting HVACR systems to Azure cloud. The user needs only to open a free Azure IoT Central account to experience cloud computing. Energy management and optimisation applications meeting green building codes and certifications such as LEED call for a compact, low-cost, programmable Edge controller which can communicate to both a local BACnet supervisor and a cloud service. The controller needs to be flexible, with a mix of analog and digital I/O, compatible with BACnet/IP (Ethernet or Wi-Fi) and easily programmed with a graphical wire sheet program such as Sedona. Best of all, it should be open and non-proprietary with a compact footprint, 24 VAC/VDC powered, and DIN rail mounted. Contemporary Controls has designed a series of BASpi Controllers by enhancing and ruggedising the popular Raspberry Pi to a powerful building automation controller that permits users to develop custom applications. Packaged in a compact DIN 4 housing with industry standard screw terminals and power input, three BASpi versions exist: • a 6-universal input – 6-relay output for general purpose control applications; • a 6-universal input – 4-relay and 2-analog output BACnet server controller for control applications such AHUs, FCUs, and heat pumps; and • a BASpi BACnet Client Controller (BCC) for direct connection to BACnet MS/TP network devices. It also functions as a BACnet to Azure cloud gateway with the ability to make any BACnet device a cloud-connected device. Energy optimisation applications that were previously “too difficult” or “uneconomical” can now be readily fitted with a BASpi Controller that offers access to operational data and permits direct digital control of the equipment or processes.

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E-learning for building management systems Sontay, a manufacturer of field control devices, has launched an e-learning platform so people can enhance their knowledge and learn at an individual pace with no need for travel. “We are delighted to introduce our new e-learning platform,” commented Anne Avis, marketing coordinator/event manager at Sontay. “It is not always easy for our customers to visit our office and it means taking time out of their valuable working day. With these new courses, people can learn when they want and wherever they are. The platform is extremely easy to use, and we can’t wait for our customers to try it out.” There are three 45-minute courses available on the e-learning platform: • understanding BEMS Basics - Level 1: There are four main elements to this course including the fundamentals, which includes building characteristics, building loads and simple control theory. There is a section on controllers as well as an energy controls part with the final element about building energy management system architecture. • understanding BEMS COOLING - Level 1: In this course, participants will cover, chilled water generation along with chilled water distribution. There will also be a section on energy controls, specifically looking at chilled water reset both entering and leaving the chiller and chiller sequencing. The final part of this course covers terminal units. • understanding BEMS HEATING - Level 1: The four parts of this course includes hot water generation as well as hot water distribution around a building. The energy controls elements will look at weather compensation, boiler sequencing, flow limiting, boost, frost protection ONLINE ENQUIRY 109 and system alarms. The final part is about heating system devices. 48 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | SEPTEMBER 2019

To find out more about promoting your business to over

12,000* readers ring Sharon on 01889 577 222 or email classified@eibi.co.uk *12,179 ABC circulation January-December 2018

Boilers

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DIRECTORY CONTACTS

To advertise in this section contact classified sales on Tel: 01889 577222 Email: classified@eibi.co.uk www.eibi.co.uk Chillers

Compressed Air, Industrial Gases & Vacuum

Energy Consultancy Services

Humidity Control

Meters - Water, Oil, Gas & Heating

Begin your compliance journey:

Meters - Water, Oil, Gas & Heating Cooling

Energy Monitoring & Targeting

Lighting Controls

Control & Automation

TURNKEYaM&T Meter and monitoring any utility. In house designed hardware and software. SME’s, City Wide Projects, Large Organisations. Pulse, Modbus, Mbus. www.energymeteringtechnology.com enquiries@energymeteringtechnology.com Tel: 01628 664056

Meters

Controls & Inverters Heat Networks

Temperature Sensors

METERING DOCTORS LET US SOLVE YOUR METERING PROBLEMS

EMT resolve issues with meters and aM&T systems that have been badly ﬁtted and are inappropriate or wrongly installed, systems that have never functioned properly and unsuitable or wrongly conﬁgured software. We have considerable knowledge and can help assess, recommission or replace any aM&T system to render them as useful tools for your utility management needs.

Call Sharon to discuss your advertising on 01889 577222 Or email classified@eibi.co.uk

For more information on how we can help, Tel: 01628 664056 Email: enquiries@meteringtech.com www.energymeteringtechnology.com

SEPTEMBER 2019 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | 49

TALKING HEADS Paul Sheffield

Paul Sheffield is chief operating officer, Drax Customers (Haven Power & Opus Energy)

The drive to electric vehicles With the possibility of using electric vehicles to generate revenue Paul Sheffield examines what companies should consider before investing in EVs and infrastructure

n the UK there are thought to be more than 230 000 registered light-duty electric vehicles (EVs) on our roads. More than 57,000 new EVs have already been registered in the first six months of this year. While EVs are certainly becoming more popular, they still only account for 0.5 per cent of the total number of cars licensed. But National Grid suggests that the UK EV stock could reach anywhere between 2.7m and 10.6m by 2030. The government is certainly promoting the uptake of EVs. Its Road to Zero Strategy commits to 25 per cent of all cars in the central government department fleet being ultra-low emission by 2022. In addition, the strategy aims for at least half of new cars to be ultra-low emission by 2030, and culminates in ending sales of new conventional petrol and diesel cars and vans by 2040. But with concerns being raised about the availability of grid capacity as well as charging points, is it the right time for businesses to be moving to an EV fleet? The answer lies in assessing the business needs to determine how an EV fleet can match those requirements, and deliver benefits. The benefits of EVs extend beyond meeting sustainability targets and saving money. Depending on the type of charging infrastructure, there’s an opportunity to create a source of revenue if vehicle-tobuilding and vehicle-to-grid services become possible. As the marginal costs for EVs continue to reduce, the financial argument for businesses for switching to EVs is a pretty good one. Also, businesses with a strong position on sustainability may want to make the switch sooner rather than later. However, before making the move there are a few things to consider, including duty cycle, charging options and the impact of an EV on the future needs of the business. Another issue has been the charging infrastructure. Currently, there are approximately 24,000 charging points spread over nearly 9,000 locations but some areas of the country have very few. Businesses should consider what charging infrastructure they need — whether that’s

Sheffield: 'if businesses invest in a large number of EVs, there's the potential for them to be used as battery storage'

‘The benefits of EVs extend beyond meeting sustainability targets’ relying solely on the public charging network or whether they need to use depot charging points, or a combination of work, home and depot charging options. This will tie into the types of EVs they need, cars, vans or both, and the distances they will travel. For example, the current UK electric car ranges are generally 150-250 miles, while vans vary between under 100 miles to approximately 15 miles.

No charging point standardisation Presently, there is no standardisation in terms of charging points for EVs — some chargers won’t fit certain vehicles. In fact, there are as many as 37 different variations available from 450 approved Office for Low Emission Vehicles (OLEV) installers. As a result, businesses should consider on-site charging as this ensures the right charger is always available.

50 | ENERGY IN BUILDINGS & INDUSTRY | SEPTEMBER 2019

Additionally, it is essential to understand when, and how long for, vehicles will need to charge as the cost difference between a rapid and slow charger can vary significantly. Organisations need to research which types of charger are needed to keep their fleet on the road. Knowing which type of charger, and how many to install, relies on knowing journey patterns for each fleet vehicle. It is also essential to know where to place the charging points on site as some locations may prove to be more expensive than others. For example, placing charging points outside of building reception might be more costly than if they’re situated closer to an electricity distribution board. And controlled or smart charging options may also be beneficial in order to restrict charging to off-peak periods when other demands on electricity supply into the site may be lower. Fleet and procurement managers need to look at where they source the power and work with suppliers to get the most beneficial tariff. EVs can provide a strong financial benefit for a business. They are extremely sustainable — savings on maintenance and fuel can be as much as £1,200 for every 10,000 miles. Also, low emission zone charges for businesses operating in these areas can be as much as £100 a day for large vans. If businesses invest in a large number of vehicles, there’s the potential for them to be used as battery storage in the future. For instance, they can be charged up at off-peak times, and then discharged back into the business’ own energy supply when electricity from the Grid is more expensive. They could even be used as a source of revenue as part of a Demand Side Response scheme. In addition, many organisations offer a company car as a ‘benefit in kind’. As of 2020, very low and no emission vehicles fall from 16 per cent to zero per cent for purely electric cars, and those with emissions of 1-50 g/km and an electric range of 130 miles or more. EVs, therefore, become a very attractive option for business executives. And with a government grant of up to £3,500 off the purchase price of a brand-new EV, they become attractive to the business as well. 

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Style. It’s in the air. Samsung’s 360 Cassette offers a stylish approach to comfort as the world’s first circular air conditioner. The circular cutting-edge design effectively and evenly discharges cool air to obtain optimal comfort, while fitting seamlessly into the design of any space. Due to its bladeless design, the velocity of the discharged air remains unaffected which results in an absence of cold drafts.

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