A Guide on Geotechnical Instruments Types, & Application

A Guide on

Geotechnical Instruments Types, & Application

TABLE OF CONTENT

1

INTRODUCTION

5

WHAT IS GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION?

2

WHAT IS GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING?

6

SCOPE OF GEOTECHNICAL SENSORS IN VARIOUS MONITORING FIELDS

3

WHY GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING IS ESSENTIAL?

7

TYPES OF GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTS

4

ADVANTAGES OF GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING

1

INTRODUCTION

As the world is developing rapidly and transforming into a concrete jungle, the need for geotechnical instrumentation and monitoring has increased.

1

INTRODUCTION

Geotechnical instruments are the sensors that are used in the geotechnical field or large civil engineering projects to monitor the health of the structures.

Geotechnical monitoring is necessary to keep a regular check on structures like dams, bridges, tunnels, railway tracks, buildings, etc.

Starting from the surveying of land before constructing a structure on it till its completion, geotechnical monitoring plays a vital role.

2

WHAT IS GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING?

Geotechnical monitoring is a branch of geotechnical engineering that deals with constant health check-up of the structures.

2

WHAT IS GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING?

The civil engineering projects require an extensive amount of monitoring pre and post-construction to ensure everyone's safety.

For buildings, structures and bridges etc., it is recommended that Structural Health should be continuously monitored to ensure proper maintenance and safety of man as well as the material.

Encardio-Rite is a 52-year-old geotechnical monitoring company that provides indigenous online monitoring services for civil engineering structural projects and water resources with remote access to collected data in real-time.

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WHY WHYIS GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING MONITORING ISIMPORTANT? ESSENTIAL? A structure can fail because of numerous reasons like design error, geological instability, poor maintenance, deterioration of construction material, etc.

However, a good geotechnical monitoring programme can prevent such failures by providing the following information: Geotechnical Monitoring for research

• • •

Determination and evaluation of design parameters Testing of new construction materials and techniques Study of the laws of behaviour of soil, rock and man-made materials used in the construction of such structures.

3

WHY WHYIS GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING MONITORING ISIMPORTANT? ESSENTIAL? Geotechnical Monitoring during construction:

• • • • •

To verify the hypothesis and the assumptions of design To monitor safety during construction To measure the change in parameters during construction To ensure that the interface of construction with adjacent structures and foundation is sound To certify the performance of the new construction

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WHY WHYIS GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING MONITORING ISIMPORTANT? ESSENTIAL? Geotechnical Monitoring after construction is completed:

• • •

Performance monitoring for safety during the life of the structure Evaluation of the effect of the structural operation on parameters like stress, strain, water, pressure, inclination, deflection etc.

Comparison of observed data with design assumptions

4

WHY ADVANTAGES IS GEOTECHNICAL OF GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING MONITORING IMPORTANT? Design Verification

• •

Instruments are used to verify design assumptions and to check that performance is as predicted.

Instrument data from the initial phase of a project may reveal the need (or the opportunity) to modify the design in later phases.

Construction Control Instruments are used to monitor the effects of construction. Instrument data can help the engineer determine how fast construction can proceed without the risk of failure.

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WHY ADVANTAGES IS GEOTECHNICAL OF GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING MONITORING IMPORTANT? Safety

• • •

Instruments can provide early warning of impending failures, allowing time for safe evacuation of the area and time to implement remedial action.

Safety of adjacent structures Safety monitoring requires quick retrieval, processing and presentation of data so that decisions can be made promptly.

Legal Protection Instrument data can provide evidence for a legal defence of designers and contractors against owners of adjacent properties if they claim that construction has caused damage.

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WHY ADVANTAGES IS GEOTECHNICAL OF GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING MONITORING IMPORTANT? Performance

• • •

Instruments are used to monitor the in-service performance of a structure.

For example, Monitoring parameters such as leakage, pore-water pressure, and deformation can provide an indication of the performance of a dam.

Monitoring loads on tiebacks or rock bolts and movements within a slope can provide an indication of the performance of a drainage system installed in a stabilized slope.

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WHY WHATISISGEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICALMONITORING INSTRUMENTATION? IMPORTANT? Instrumentation plays a key role in safety monitoring of structures and people, providing necessary information on its performance and detect problems at an early stage.

The extent and nature of instrumentation not only depends on the complexity of the structure but also on the potential for loss of life and property nearby.ttt

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WHY WHATISISGEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICALMONITORING INSTRUMENTATION? IMPORTANT? This information is critical for the structure's owner who is directly responsible for any consequences of its failure.

Geotechnical instrumentation includes different types of sensors used for measuring pore pressure, groundwater level, water flow, lateral movement, deformation, stress, strain and temperature.

Advances in geotechnical instrumentation, surveying technologies and data transmission systems make it possible to monitor the dams, bridges, railways, metros, buildings, tunnels, etc. from any remote location, conveniently and economically.

The data logger and total station automatically collect reading from the installed sensors and targets, at selected intervals.

An alarm is triggered or SMS is automatically sent if any of the pre-determined trigger values are exceeded.

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WHY WHATISISGEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICALMONITORING INSTRUMENTATION? IMPORTANT? Data is transmitted to a remote data management system, at a central server or cloud, where large quantities of collected data are processed, evaluated and presented as meaningful information.

The same becomes accessible to the concerned authorities, at their desk or mobile devices through the World Wide Web.

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SCOPE WHY ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? IN VARIOUS MONITORING FIELDS Dam Monitoring Solutions

Parameters Monitored

Water level, Water pressure and seepageLateral ground movement, Deformation, DisplacementStress, Strain, LoadTemperatureTilt, Surface Settlement

Services Offered

Cloud-based web data presentations for online as well as manual data Sub-surface and surface monitoring of various parameters Pre and post construction building condition survey Laser Scanning

Geotechnical Instrumentation Range

Piezometers, Earth Pressure Cells, Strain Gauges, Inclinometers, Plumb Lines, Extensometers, Crack Meters, Joint Meters, Temperature Meters, Load Cells, Data Loggers, Geodetic Targets, Database Management System

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SCOPE WHY ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? IN VARIOUS MONITORING FIELDS Typical Instrumentation Scheme – Earth Dam

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SCOPE WHY ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? IN VARIOUS MONITORING FIELDS Typical Instrumentation Scheme – Concrete Dam

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SCOPE WHY ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? IN VARIOUS MONITORING FIELDS Tunnel Monitoring Solutions

Parameters Monitored

Lateral ground movement, Deformation, Displacement Stress, Strain, Load Temperature, Tilt, Surface Settlement

Areas Monitored

Underground tunnels and excavations, Struts in cut and cover constructions, Diaphragm Walls, Pile foundations and sheet piles, Adjoining buildings, structures, pavements etc.

Services Offered

Cloud-based web data presentations for online as well as manual data Sub-surface and surface monitoring of various parameters Pre and post construction building condition survey, Laser Scanning

Geotechnical Instrumentation Range

Piezometers, Earth Pressure Cells, Strain Gauges, Inclinometers, Plumb Lines, Extensometers, Crack Meters, Joint Meters, Temperature Meters Load Cells, Data Loggers, Geodetic Targets, Database Management System

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SCOPE WHY ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? IN VARIOUS MONITORING FIELDS Typical instrumentation scheme – NATM Tunnel

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SCOPE WHY ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? IN VARIOUS MONITORING FIELDS Typical Instrumentation Scheme – TBM Tunnel

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SCOPE WHY ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? IN VARIOUS MONITORING FIELDS Typical instrumentation scheme – Deep Excavation

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SCOPE WHY ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? IN VARIOUS MONITORING FIELDS Structural Monitoring Solutions

Parameters Monitored

Services Offered

Geotechnical Instrumentation Range

Tilt Monitoring, Crack Monitoring, Settlement Monitoring, Lateral Ground Movement, Temperature Monitoring, Pore Pressure Monitoring Safety of high-rise buildings during construction, Safety of buildings and infrastructures during construction activity in vicinity, Safety of old and depleted buildings, Safety of structures subjected to long-term movement or degradation of materialsSafety of monuments and structures of historical importance, Safety of structures in landslide prone areas Piezometers, Earth Pressure Cells, Strain Gauges, Inclinometers, Plumb Lines, Extensometers, Crack Meters, Joint Meters, Temperature Meters, Load Cells, Data Loggers, Geodetic Targets, Database Management System

6

SCOPE WHY ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? IN VARIOUS MONITORING FIELDS Typical Instrumentation Scheme – Structures

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SCOPE WHY ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? IN VARIOUS MONITORING FIELDS Typical Instrumentation Scheme – Structures

6

SCOPE WHY ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? IN VARIOUS MONITORING FIELDS Typical Instrumentation Scheme – Pile Testing (Foundation)

7

WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Multiple sensors are used in the field of geotechnical monitoring.

Encardio-Rite deals with a wide range of geotechnical instruments which include piezometers, extensometers, data loggers, strain gauges, load cells, pressure cells etc.

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Piezometers or Pore Pressure Meters Pore pressure measurement is crucial for large civil engineering projects like high rise buildings, tunnels, dams, etc.

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? The pressure experienced by the water accumulated in the pores of earth materials, concrete structures or rocks is called pore water pressure.

The pore water pressure is measured by a piezometer sensor which is also popularly known as ‘pore pressure meter’.

Encardio-Rite deals with different types of piezometers to according to the application field.

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Types of Piezometers

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Model EPP-10/10SP Casagrande Piezometer/Standpipe

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Model EPP-10/6 Water Level Indicator

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT?

•

Model EPP-30V Vibrating Wire Piezometer

•

Model EPP-40V Vibrating Slim Wire Piezometer

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT?

•

Model EPP-50V Vibrating Wire Push-In Piezometer

•

Model EPP-60V Vibrating Wire Low-Pressure Piezometer

7 •

WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Model EPU-20G Bourdon Gage Type Uplift Pressure System

7

WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT?

•

Model EPU-20V Vibrating Wire Uplift Pressure System

•

Model ESM-11V Seepage Measurement Sensor for Weirs

7

WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Inclinometers An inclinometer is a transducer that measures the magnitude of the inclination angle or deformation in any structure. The bent is either depicted in percentage or degrees concerning gravity.

Inclinometers are used to measure the slope gradient during activities like tunnelling, excavation and de-watering. Such activities affect the ground that supports the structure.

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Types of inclinometers

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Model EAN-26M Digital Inclinometer System

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Model EAN-51MV, EAN-52MV Vertical In-Place Inclinometer System

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Model EAN-53MW Wireless In-place Inclinometer (IPI) System

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Tilt Beam Sensors A tilt sensor is designed to measure the change in tilt and monitor inclination/vertical rotation in vertical structures.

Tilt sensor produces an electrical signal which is proportional to the degree of tilt in multiple axes (Uniaxial & Biaxial).

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Tilt sensors measure the tilting position with respect to its original reference. It provides important information about both the vertical and horizontal inclination tilt.

The main purpose to use a tilt sensor is to measure tilt changes in structures due to construction activities such as tunnelling, excavation and de-watering that affect the ground that support the structure.

The tilt sensor works on the Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology to provide a digital output.

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Types of Tilt Beam Sensors

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Model EAN-31EL, EAN-31EL-B & EAN-41EL-B Series of Electrolytic Uniaxial Tilt Meters & Beam Sensors

•

Model EAN-41M/EAN-42M (SDI-12) MEMS Beam Sensors

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT?

•

Model EAN-70M Portable Tilt Meter

•

Model EAN-90M/92M Tilt Meter

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT?

•

Model EAN-91M Tilt Meter

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Model EAN-91M-B/EAN-93M-B MEMS Beam Sensors

7 •

WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Model EAN-95MW Wireless Tilt Meter

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT?

•

Model EAN-96MW Wireless Triaxial Tilt Meter

•

Model ESDL-30MT Tilt Meter with Automatic Data Logger

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Strain Gauges Strain Gauges are one of the vital geotechnical sensors that measure strain in underground cavities, tunnels, buildings, concrete, masonry dams, bridges, embedment in soil/concrete etc.

Any basic strain gauge sensor consists of an insulating flexible metallic foil backing.

To measure the stress, the strain gauge is attached to the object using an adhesive/welding.

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? The deformation in the object causes the change in frequency of the vibrating wire.

Strain gauges offer the ability to measure the effect of loads, settlement or other changes in a structure.

They record strain, which is a dimensionless measure of deformation. Stress is related to strain by a material’s properties and is predictable within a certain range of applied strain.

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Types of strain gauges

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Model EDS-11V Hermetically Sealed Vibrating Wire Strain Gauge

•

Model EDS-12V Vibrating Wire Sister Bar Strain Meter

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT?

•

Model EDS-20V SW Vibrating Wire Spot Weldable Strain Gauge

•

Model EDS-20V-AW Vibrating Wire Arc Weldable Strain Gauge

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT?

•

Model EDS-20V-E Vibrating Wire Embedment Strain Gauge

•

Model EDS-21V-AW Arc Wieldable Strain Gauge

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Model EDS-21V-E Embedment Strain Gauge

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Load Cells Load Cells are a type of transducer that converts force into measurable electrical output. However, they don’t work without being paired up with external sensors such as strain gauges.

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Strain Gauges are thin elastic material made up of stainless steel and are fixed inside the load cell. The force exerted on the load cell tends to deform the strain gauge.

This deformation causes a change in resistance which is then converted to the readable unit to determine the weight of an object.

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Types of Load Cells

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Model ELC-150S-H High Capacity Compression Load Cell

•

Model ELC-210S Resistive Strain Gage Type Compression Load Cell

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT?

•

Model ELC-30S Resistive Strain Gage Type Center Hole/Anchor Bolt Load Cell

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Model ELC-30S-H Resistive Strain Gage Type Center Hole/Anchor Bolt Load Cell https://www.encardio.com/geotechnical-instruments/strain-gauges/

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Model ELC-32V Vibrating Wire Center Hole-Anchor Bolt Load Cell

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Pressure Cells A pressure sensor is a transducer which converts pressure into a measurable electrical output.

The main purpose to use a pressure cell is to measure total stress in various construction fields or the amount of stress being transferred.

The vibrating wire pressure transducer works on the vibrating wire technology to provide a digital output.

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Types of pressure cells

•

Model EPS-30V-C Concrete Pressure Cell

•

Model EPS-30V-I Soil and Rock-Concrete Interface Pressure Cell

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT?

•

Model EPS-30V-C Concrete Pressure Cell

•

Model EPS-30V-I Soil and Rock-Concrete Interface Pressure Cell

7 •

WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Model ESC-30V Shotcrete-Concrete Stress Cell

7

WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Extensometers or Extension-Meters An extensometer is a high precision instrument specially designed for geologists or civil engineers to measure the elongation of a material under stress.

The instrument is perfect for tensile tests.

It can also determine yield strength, tensile strength, yield point elongation, strain-hardening exponent, and strain ratio, tensile strength, yield point elongation, strain-hardening exponent and strain ratio.

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Types of Extensometers

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Model EDS-63U-D Mechanical Borehole Extensometer System

•

Model EDS-64U-D Mechanical Borehole Extensometer System

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT?

•

Model EDS-70V Electrical Borehole Extensometer System

•

Model EDS-91 Magnetic Extensometer System

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT?

•

Model EDS-92 Soil Extensometer

•

Model EMA-11 Measuring Anchor/Rock Bolt Extensometer

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Temperature Sensors A temperature sensor is a device that is designed to measure the degree of hotness or coolness in an object.

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? The working of a temperature meter depends upon the voltage across the diode.

The temperature change is directly proportional to the diode's resistance. The cooler the temperature, lesser will be the resistance, and vice-versa.

The resistance across the diode is measured and converted into readable units of temperature (Fahrenheit, Celsius, Centigrade, etc.) and, displayed in numeric form over readout units.

In geotechnical monitoring field, these temperature sensors are used to measure the internal temperature of structures like bridges, dams, buildings, power plants, etc.

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Types of temperature sensors

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Model ETT-10V Vibrating Wire Temperature Sensor

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Model ETT-10TH Resistance Thermistor Probe

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT?

•

Model ETT-10PT RTD Temperature Probe

•

Thermocouple

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Displacement, Crack Meter, Joint Meter A displacement sensor is designed to measure linear displacement by converting mechanical motions into readable electrical signals.

Crack Meters (crack width meter) and Joint Meters are position and displacement sensors/transducers with anchors and ball joints.

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Types of Displacement, Crack Meter, Joint Meter

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Model EDJ-40C Crack Meter

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Model EDJ-50V Vibrating Wire Joint Meter

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT?

•

Model EDJ-41M Crack Meter

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Model EDE-VXX Vibrating Wire Linear Displacement Transducer

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT?

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Model EDE-PXX Potentiometric Linear Displacement Transducer

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Model EDJ-40V Crack/Joint Meter

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT?

•

Model EDJ-40T Electrical Triaxial Crack/Joint Meter

•

Model EDJ-40TJ Mechanical Triaxial Crack/Joint Meter

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Readout Units A readout unit is a microprocessor that displays the output data.

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? It can be connected to several geotechnical instruments to record the readings that can either be uploaded to a host computer or printed out on any text printer using the serial interface.

Being the world’s leading manufacturers and suppliers of digital readout for geotechnical sensors, Encardio-Rite deals with two different robust, accurate, rugged, reliable, and low-cost digital readout systems.

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Types of Readout Units

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Model EDI-53 Portable Read-Out Unit/Data Logger

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Model EDI-54V Vibrating Wire Indicator

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Geodetic Targets & Survey Markers Geodetic targets are extensively used for measurement of deformation during tunnelling and subway construction, and for monitoring displacement of a bridge, dam, slope or building structure.

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Types of Geodetic Targets & Survey Markers

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Model ERT-10B Bi-Reflex Target

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Model ERT-10P2 Prism Target

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT?

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Model ERT-20P2-M1 Mini Prism Target

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Model EBS-16 Building Settlement Point

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT?

•

Model EPS-12 Pavement Settlement Point

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Model ESMP-10/ESMP-11Ground Settlement Point

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Model EAWS-101 Automatic Weather Station Encardio-rite Model EAWS-101 automatic web based weather monitoring station provides a precise, reliable and cost effective means of recording meteorological data.

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Encardio-rite offers weather system with standard sensors for essential parameters as briefly outlined below:

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Rain gauge Model ERG-200/201 tipping bucket type rain gage with stainless steel housing.

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Wind speed and direction sensor Model EWV-101S three cup anemometer wind speed sensor along with Model EWV-101D wind direction sensor with dynamically balanced wind vane (coupled to a low torque potentiometer) gives precise wind velocity.

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Relative humidity & temperature Model EWH-101T performs both relative humidity & temperature measurement (with Pt 100).

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? The multi plate radiation shield protects the sensors from direct and reflected solar radiation, thus minimizing error.

•

Data logger Provides unattended monitoring & recording. Other sensors are also available on request.

The weather station can be configured based on parameters to be measured or sensors required.

It handles all data processing requirements, starting with collection and storage of data, performing required calculations on data, presenting results in graphical and numerical format and generating alarm messages.

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Data Loggers The data loggers or data recorders are the microprocessor-based, battery-operated devices that are used to log real-time data from various geotechnical sensors and display them in a readable format.

The data loggers are a stand-alone device and they are used to keep a constant check on the structure’s health monitoring parameters such as pressure, strain, stress, water level, temperature etc.

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Types of data loggers

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Model ESDL-30 Data Logger with SDI-12 Interface

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Model ESCL-10VT Single Channel Data Logger

7 •

WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Model EDAS-10 Automatic Data Acquisition System

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Water Level Monitoring

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Model EWLR-101Automatic Groundwater Level Monitoring

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT?

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Model ECTD-30V, ECTD-60V Conductivity Sensor with Water Level and Temperature

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Model ERG-200/201 Rainfall Gage

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Settlement

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Model EGS-30V Settlement Measurement System EGS-30V settlement measurement system is designed for monitoring settlement in fills, embankments and dams, etc.

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? It comprises of a vibrating wire sensor connected to a reservoir via a fluid filled polyethylene sheathed twin nylon tubing.

The sensor is installed in soil fill and the reservoir is mounted on firm ground. As the sensor settles with surrounding soil, the fluid head at the sensor increases. The change in measured head is the settlement relative to the reservoir.

A manifold system is optionally available to connect up to seven sensors to the same reservoir.

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? Model ESM-30V Liquid Level Settlement System ESM-30V is a high sensitivity liquid level settlement measuring system that uses low range vibrating wire force transducer with a submersible cylinder suspended in a fluid filled vessel.

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WHY TYPES ISOF GEOTECHNICAL GEOTECHNICAL MONITORING INSTRUMENTS IMPORTANT? It is designed for remote measurement of minute differential settlement in tunnels, bridges and buildings etc. with high precision.

Settlement of any vessel installed, causes change in its fluid level, affecting the buoyancy on the suspended cylinder.

The ESM-30V is provided with two or more settlement systems with fluid filled vessels interconnected in series by a fluid filled tube.

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