Landscape Studio 4: Urban Open Space

THE sustainable space (tss) GREEN SPACES IN THE CITY OF MELBOURNE: As Melbourne’s population continues to grow it is important to increase the number of green spaces. Green spaces benefit human health, increase biodiversity and reduce the urban heat island effect. The current bitumen car park has minimal vegetation and green space - making it essential to develop the space into a community area, which benefits human health and the environment.

24 hour city @ QVM

URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT: QVM Urban heat is a major concern for the City of Melbourne as it threatens living conditions and the environment. Urban heat island effect occurs when the temperature during a heatwave in urban areas (such as Melbourne) is considerably warmer than surrounding rural areas. Urban heat is driven by factors such as solid surfaces, limited vegetation, urban development pressures, construction materials and urban arrangements.

Queen Victoria Market includes many of these factors - and therefore experiences high levels of urban heat.

Persona

LEGEND: High Urban Heat Low Urban Heat

MELBOURNE’S URBAN FOREST STRATEGY: CHALLENGES The City of Melbourne’s, 2014 key policy on trees and vegetation is the Urban Forest Strategy. It is important to understand the goals and challenges which are in the strategy. These challenges will help to create solutions and create a space which benefits and looks into future conditions.

MELBOURNE’S URBAN FOREST STRATEGY: GOALS The three key goals in the Urban Forest Strategy will drive my design and help to develop a space which will achieve these proposed goals.

CHALLENGE ONE: Ageing Tree Population CHALLENGE TWO: Diminishing Availability of Water Population CHALLENGE THREE: Climate Change

RESILIENT LANDSCAPES

SOLUTION LIVEABILITY & SUSTAINABILITY

CHALLENGE FOUR: Urban Heat Island Effect

LEGEND:

COMMUNITY HEALTH, WELLBEING & VALUES

QVM Site Green Space Water

City of Melbourne, 2020, “Urban Forest””

MELBOURNE’S DEMOGRAPHICS: It is important to consider the demographic of Melbourne to be able to design for all different age groups.

The demographic with the largest population was aged 20-24 years, followed by 25-29 years, 29-34 years and 15-19 years It was important to design something which suites all age groups - with the focus on younger age groups and children in particular.

0 - 4 years

45 - 49 years

5 - 9 years

50 - 54 years

10 - 14 years

55 - 59 years

15 - 19 years

60 - 64 years

20 - 24 years

65 - 69 years

25 - 29 years

70 - 74 years

29 - 34 years

75 - 79 years

35 - 39 years

80 - 84 years

40 - 44 years

85 + years

CHALLENGE FIVE: Increase and Urban Intensification

City of Melbourne, 2014, “Urban Forest Strategy”

City of Melbourne, 2014, “Urban Forest Strategy”

PERSONA: Nick JONES AND SARAH TURNER Sarah Turner: 18 year old Australian - QVM shop owner Sarah owns a small plant shop in QVM. Unfortunately she is not getting enough people buying her products so she will have to leave QVM Nick Jones: 10 year old tourist from America His mother has taken him to Queen Victoria Market - He prefers going to parks with playgrounds where he can run around with his little brother

ABS, 2016, “Melbourne Census”

CURRENT CONDITIONS VEGETATION SURROUNDING QVM: Surrounding QVM - There are many different types of trees - including Elms, Gums, Plane Trees and Eucalyptus. Melbourne is experiencing an increase in high temperatures and drought which is causing some trees to die. Planting more trees is necessary to improve the environmental conditions of Melbourne - however it is important to plant trees which are drought tolerant and able to tolerate the changing conditions in Melbourne.

CIRCULATION: Queen Victoria Market is very car oriented, with minimal focus on pedestrians and how they move to the site. Queen Street is car and pedestrian focused and is an unsafe space for young children. QVM is an open air market which has 10 million visitors each year. This emphasizes the need to create a market which is pedestrian oriented.

QVM seating: Currently, in Queen Victoria Market there is minimal seating. This was observed through the analysis of fixed and temporary seating. Temporary seating includes the Summer Night Markets and the restaurants on Elizabeth Street. The main seating is seen on Queen Street and in the food court, with minimal seating inside Queen Victoria Market.

City of Melbourne, 2020, “Urban Forest””

LEGEND:

LEGEND: Trees

0

1:5000 @ A1 (m)

50

100

250

500

Elms

LEGEND:

Fixed Seating

Gums

Car Movement

Temporary Seating

Plane Trees

Public Transport

Trees

Eucalyptus

Flagstaff Gardens

Unknown

NOT TO SCALE

Surrounding Buildings

Surrounding Buildings 0

20

50

100

200

Queen Victoria Market

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

24 hour city @ QVM EMMA WEIGALL, 993766 LANDSCAPE STUDIO 3

QVM CURRENT CIRCULATION: - Currently QVM is mainly focused on vehicular movement and less on pedestrians - The market is a pedestrian market but streets such as Peel St and Queen St focus only on cars, buses and public transport.

- It is necessary to create a market which is pedestrian focused and creates a safe space for users - especially children.

INITIAL CONCEPT: - A focus on a strong horizontal and vertical axis which represents the layout of Melbourne’s old cemetery - Developing the car park into a green space where people can sit, play, be entertained and enjoy the space in many ways - Dividing the green space into 3 focuses/spaces: - Entertain - Play - Sit and Relax in the Environment

REFINEMENT OF DESIGN: - Development of “NEW FRANKLIN ST” which allows for more access to and around the site - Transforming the car park into a green, lush and sustainable open green space - people can play, enjoy, sit, relax, entertain and interact - The green space needs to have areas for all individuals - children, adults and tourists to enjoy - Changing the purpose of Peel St by making the street PEDESTRIAN ONLY

FUNCTIONS: - Development of “NEW FRANKLIN ST” which allows for more access to and around the site - Creating a threshold from the Market to the green space through the renewal and development of String Bean Alley - Focus is still on the 3 areas of design and the cross axis which is in the same position of the layout of the cemetery - The two green spaces focus on the environment - transforming the dark, dense car-park with minimal vegetation

ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS: - Recycled Rain Water - Solar Panels on String Bean Alley - Playground - Recycled Rope, Timber and Plastic - Use of Green Bitumen or Sandstone Pathway

MATERIALS: - Creating a space which has minimal environmental impact - Inclusion of recycled materials and permeable surfaces - Green Bitumen - Currently being developed and further refined

ACCESS: - Removal of current round-about - Creating more opportunity to access the site (stairs from 3 sides of the park) - Inclusion of ramps for easy access throughout the site

Function: Area focused for family - playing, sitting and watching Area focused for children - Playground Area Area focused on being an open area - Green Space Area for entertaining - Stage with shade

DEVELOPING THE PLAYGROUND AREA LARGE ROPE CLIMBING OBSTACLE Suitable for older children. Solid squares allow for kids to sit and rest. It is made from recycled rope and can light up as kids move across it.

The object slightly inclines at the middle and then declines on either side allowing parents to keep an eye on their kids and they can easily help them down and can sit underneath them. Children can use this obstacle however they like (hanging upside down, climbing, sitting).

Kids are able to choose their own way to the top of the obstacle and allowing them to rest and observe their surroundings.

DESIGN

24 hour city @ QVM EMMA WEIGALL, 993766 LANDSCAPE STUDIO 3

B SHED

SECTION A C SHED

D SHED

5

0

10

20

1:250 @ A1 (m)

E SHED

F SHED J SHED K SHED

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION B

L SHED

ROOFTOP GARDEN: Rooftop garden which aims to reduce the urban heat island effect and bring native flora and fauna into the site

STRING BEAN ALLEY

STRING BEAN ALLEY: Revamp of the current string bean alley which includes the development of the current shipping container stores. Construction of solar panels on each shipping container. The addition of four toilet blocks at either end of the alley

PLAYGROUND: Inclusion of a sandpit, mounds, wooden climbing structure and a rope climbing structure

PEEL STREET

ACCESS: Individuals are able to access the site from many points. There is the inclusion of many ramps which allow people to move through the space easily. Getting from A to B in the quickest and easiest route

A

A

QUEEN STREET

TRANSITION FROM PATH TO GREEN SPACE: The creation of 3 large stairs on either side of the green spaces help to create a boundary between the path and green space. People can sit, move and play on the stairs as well as moving from one end of the sit to the other.

CROSS AXIS: Represents the layout of the previous cemetery and provides access from Franklin St, Queen St and Peel St to the Queen Victoria Market

CIRCULAR OUTDOOR BENCHES: Numerous outdoor wooden benches rap around the trees. Directly underneath trees there is dead space which is now utilised with seating.

OPEN GREEN SPACE: Two open green spaces which include vegetationtrees and shrubs. The space is open which allows for the summer market to be held in this space CENTRAL WATER ELEMENT: The central water element collects rainwater and the water is used to irrigate the vegetation

B

NEW FRANKLIN STREET

TRAFFIC LIGHTS: Removal of the round-about on the corner of Franklin and Queen St. Creation of traffic lights at this spot to help with pedestrian movement. Traffic lights added at the start and end of New Franklin St

TRAFFIC LIGHTS: Traffic lights are place on New Franklin St to allow for safer pedestrian movement through the site

LEGEND: Focus Area Current QVM Site 0

Surrounding Buildings

5

25

50

1:500 @ A1 (m)

Location of Model

N

SECTION B

0

1:250 @ A1 (m)

5

10

20

1) SUSTAINABILITY MATERIALS

24 hour city @ QVM EMMA WEIGALL, 993766 LANDSCAPE STUDIO 3

L SHED

(not limited to)

Water-repelling MATERIAL: Collect rain water is essential in watering the vegetation within the space. An emerging technology is water-repellent material which mimics the lotus flower - making water repel allows for water to run off the rooftop garden and filtered into the water tanks.

STRING BEAN ALLEY

SAND: It it important to create a playground which is suitable to all ages. The sand pit is suitable for young children and older children as it is soft and helps to develop physical skills for young children. Sand contributes less to urban heat than other dark, dense materials.

CRUMB RUBBER: It is important to implement a soft and sponge material for children to fall onto. Crumb rubber is created from the separation up of particles in recycled tires. This is combined with plastic to create colorful material for children to play on and fall onto.

QUEEN STREET

RECYCLED SANDSTONE: Recycled sandstone is suitable for all seasons - it is easy to carve and suitable for ground material. It is recycled from old sandstone found in buildings and produces less urban heat than concrete or bitumen.

GRASS: Grass is essential in creating green spaces. It is reduces urban heat significantly, with the addition of canopy cover and irrigation.

RUSTED METAL AND WOOD CHIPS: Rusted metal is used to create and support raised garden beds. The rusted metal is recycled from old houses and buildings. It creates a base for plants to sit in, and separates the footpath from the green space.

GREEN CONCRETE: Green concrete is concrete which uses waste materials. Its production process does not lead to environmental destruction and has high performance and life cycle sustainability. It is most currently implemented at Sydney Airport, supporting many large, heavy planes.

NEW FRANKLIN STREET

B SHED

C SHED

NOT TO SCALE

RECYCLED SHIPPING CONTAINERS B SHED SOLAR PANELS: To be able to run the entertaining area, water recycling, lights and the shipping container stores it is important to generate renewable energy. This is achieved by implementing solar panels on each shipping container - as they receive direct sunlight with no shade.

D SHED

ADJUSTABLE WALLS: The walls on the shipping containers are able to be adjusted up or down depending on weather, time of day etc. When the walls are lifted it allows creates shade from the sun and allows people to move throughout the store to the green space.

E SHED

B SHED

RAMP ACCESS: It is important to think about the accessibility of the shipping container. The creation of a ramp creates an easy transition to the space allowing all individuals to access the space.

F SHED C SHED

J SHED

PERSPECTIVE one

C SHED

D SHED

E SHED PERSPECTIVE TWO

NOT TO SCALE

RAINWATER COLLECTION

NOT TO SCALE

D SHED

E SHED

F SHED

K SHED

J SHED

F SHED

K SHED

J SHED

L SHED

IRRIGATION PIPES: Sprinklers are located in the green space/garden beds and raise above ground - when necessary.

WATER COLLECTION: Rain water is collected and stored below ground in a tank. This water is pumped from the tank to the pipe.

WATER COLLECTION: The tank is buried 2.5m below ground and the pipes are located 60cm below ground.

STRING BEAN ALLEY

1:100 @ A1

0

STRING BEAN ALLEY

LIGHTING: electricity generated by solar panels (string bean alley)

LIGHTING: Lighting is essential to increase safety in open spaces. Creating a space which can be used 24 hours a day means that there needs to be efficient lighting. This lighting can allow for people to gather at night or walk/exercise during the early morning. It is important to include lighting which is sustainable - meaning it is run by solar panels.

The solar panels which are positioned on the North of the site are able to generate enough electricity - particularly in the summer - to run the ground lights, playground lights, stage lights and in some cases the water recycling/irrigation. In winter months, if the solar panels do not receive efficient sun - then the lights and water recycling/irrigation are run by batteries or electricity within the grid.

2

4

LIGHTING

L SHED

L SHED

STRING BEAN ALLEY

LIGHTING: ENTERTAINING AREA AND Sandstone CROSS AXIS PATH

NOT TO SCALE

LIGHTING: ROPE PLAYGROUND In 2040, there will be new technology developed and implemented into many new projects. Rope lighting and interactive lighting is something that is currently being developed and tested. For young children recognising colour and identifying colour names is an important part of the development of a child. It helps to create the cognitive link between visual clues and words - helping with the development of a child’s brain.

QUEEN ST

TREET

ROPE PLAYGROUND: Rope lights which are interactive and change colour when kids touch/play on it.

QUEEN

QUEEN STREET

PEEL STREET

IRRIGATION PIPES: These pipes lead to an irrigation nozzle which irrigates the green space, trees and shrubs.

K SHED

WATER COLLECTION: The pipes and tank are located below ground - with minimal disruption to the cemetery.

The tank is located on the outskirts of the cemetery.

The rope playground has large potential to become an element which includes interactive lights. The different sections of rope will light up in the different colours of the rainbow when kids play and sit on the playground. The rope playground would only light up when kids play on it and will be dormant all other times. The playground will create a cohesive design with the mounds in which children can play on. The lights will be generated by solar power and will only be available when the solar power is running.

2) FUNCTIONS

24 hour city @ QVM EMMA WEIGALL, 993766 LANDSCAPE STUDIO 3

ENTERTAINING ZONE: The entertaining zone includes a performance stage where buskers and bands are able to play during the year. Individuals can watch the stage from the grass space which includes several mounds which are different heights and sizes - functioning as seats.

TRANSITION ZONE: There is a clear threshold between the footpath and the proposed site. The boundary of the site is created through the incline of the green space, raised garden beds and the location of trees.

MULTI-FUNCTIONAL ZONE: The stairs can be utilised in many ways. They provide access to the green space, can be used by children as a climbing obstacle and can be commonly used as seating. The stairs are exceptionally large - allowing for individuals to choose to use them in many ways.

MAIN ACCESS POINTS: Although there are many different access points to the site - the main access points are seen on the cross-axis of the site. This cross axis represents the layout of the cemetery which lies underneath the current site at Queen Victoria Market.

“GREEN” ZONE: Green space is incorporated into the design as the current conditions include a car-park with minimal vegetation. The analysis of current green open space in the City of Melbourne show that there is a need for more green spaces in Melbourne.

CAR ORIENTED ZONE The extension of New Franklin St creates an area between the existing QVM and the proposed site for cars. The area provides a place to drop off and pick up pedestrians, as well as a pedestrian crossing to allow pedestrians to move safely.

0

5

10

25

50

1:500 @ A1 (m)

CHILDREN’S ZONE: Through the analysis of the current conditions of Queen Victoria Market it is clear that it lacks spaces for children. The development of a playground with multiple areas for kids of all ages allows for kids to enjoy the space as much as adults.

SHOPPING ZONE: Changes to the current shipping containers will improve circulation between QVM and the proposed site. Shoppers can access the stalls from each side. The separation of shipping containers also allow for shoppers to move throughout the whole site.

PLAYGROUND AREA

PERSPECTIVE THREE

PERSPECTIVE FOUR

ENTERTAINMENT AREA

PERSPECTIVE five PERSPECTIVE SIX

1:50 @ A1 (m)

0

.5

1

2.5

5.0

3) RECOGNITION old Melbourne cemetery The Cemetery first closed in closed in 1854 as it was full - re opening in 1864 and finally closed in 1867 - with the last burial in 1917.

1864 for the sale of new plots, re-closed in 1867, with the final burial taking place in 1917. In 1867 the land was sold and Queen Victoria Market was constructed. Although it was first expanded into the cemetery in 1878 - with the Quaker/Aboriginal area first acquired.

It is important to recognise the original cemetery which lays underneath the current site - and create a design which does not substantially impact on the burials which remain. Many individuals which visit the site - have no understanding of the cemetery in which they walk on when visiting QVM. Therefore - recognition is important and seen throughout indigenous plantings, the layout of the site and the carving of significant dates and words - representing how the cemetery is permanent and the importance of the past.

STRING BEAN ALLEY

QUEEN STREET

In 1880 - legislation was passed requiring all bodies in the Old Cemetery to be exhumed - however, 9,000 human remains are still buried underneath the current QVM site.

ORIGINAL CEMETERY LAYOUT: It is important to reduce the amount of disruption done to the burials during the redevelopment of the site. The water element is placed on the boundary line of the cemetery, meaning there will little disruption to this area - where minimal burials remain. The green spaces incline upwards instead of into the ground to reduce disruption of the burials.

PEEL STREET

The Old Melbourne Cemetery was established in 1837 and covers the boundary of Queen Victoria Market. The Old Melbourne Cemetery (QVM) was divided into sections - according to religious denominations. Two acres were given to the Church of England, Presbyterians, Roman Catholics and one acre was given to the Jews, Quakers, Methodists and Independents.

24 hour city @ QVM EMMA WEIGALL, 993766 LANDSCAPE STUDIO 3

ORIGINAL CEMETERY LAYOUT: The original layout of the cemetery is overlaid on top of the proposed site. The boundary of Presbyterians and the Episcopalian is represented by the cross-axis seen in the middle of the site - created from recycled sandstone.

ORIGINAL CEMETERY LAYOUT: Recognition is important as many individuals do not understand the significance and history which is located underneath QVM. It is important to educate people about the Old Melbourne Cemetery through the expression of words and dates in the sandstone.

NEW FRANKLIN STREET

1:1000 @ A1 (m) City of Melbourne, 2013, “Old Melbourne Cemetery”

City of Melbourne, 2013, “Old Melbourne Cemetery”

0

20

50

100 City of Melbourne, 2013, “Old Melbourne Cemetery” City of Melbourne, 2013, “Old Melbourne Cemetery”

City of Melbourne, 2013, “Old Melbourne Cemetery”

LAYOUT

City of Melbourne, 2013, “Old Melbourne Cemetery”

B SHED

C SHED ORIGINAL CEMETERY LAYOUT: The cross section of the design represents the original cemetery which lays underneath the site of Queen Victoria Market.

D SHED INDIGENOUS PLANTING: It is important to recognise the traditional owners of the land. This is achieved through the planting of indigenous vegetation. Native vegetation attract a variety of birds, butterflies, and other wildlife - providing diverse habitats and food sources.

CARVINGS IN SANDSTONE: It is important to recognise the history of the site. This is achieved through the carving of historic words and dates into the sandstone steps - which connect to the cross section of the site.

E SHED

F SHED J SHED

K SHED

L SHED NOT TO SCALE

PLANTING

Sedum Mexicanum

Hardenbergia

Dichelachne Crinita ROOFTOP GARDEN VEGETATION: Not limited to The rooftop garden is only accessible to a small number of people. It is important to plant vegetation which needs minimal maintenance.

The garden includes a mix of native and exotic plants.

10cm (H) x 60cm (W)

2-3m (H) x 1-1.5m (W)

1.5m (H) x 0.5m (W)

Banksia integrifolia

Lophostemon confertus

Quercus rubra

15m (H) x 3m (W)

10-25m (H) x 5-15m (W)

20m (H) x 9m (W)

Anigozanthos

Telopea

Callistemon

1-2.5m (H) x .3-1.2m (W)

9–19m (H) x 45-60cm (W)

Acacia anomala

Correa

45cm (H) x .2mm (W) 0

1:500 @ A1 (m)

5

10

25

50

1-1.5m (H) x 1-1.5m (W)

8m (H) x 4m (W)

Lomandra confertifolia

0.4m (H) x 0.6m (W)

TREES: A mix of three different trees are included in the design. According to the City of Melbourne - many current trees will struggle to survive with the changing climate in Melbourne. They suggest to plant Brush Box and Coast Banksia trees which are both native to Australia.

SHRUBS: GARDEN BEDS All shrubs planted in the garden beds surrounding the green space are native to Australia as it is important to plant indigenous species. Through planting we are able to acknowledge the traditional owners of the land and respect our heritage.

4) ACCESSIBILITY ISOMETRIC

24 hour city @ QVM EMMA WEIGALL, 993766 LANDSCAPE STUDIO 3

1:1000 @ A1 (m)

0

20

50

100

ACCESS/CIRCULATION:

Ramp 1: carved into the steps Provides access the green space - without using the stairs.

Ramp 2: THE SIDE OF THE GREEN SPACE Allows individuals to move from the West - East of the site through the green space

1 3

2

Ramp 3: INCLINE OF THE GREEN SPACE There is not a specific ramp which allows people to access the green space from the South. The green space inclines, which creates its own ramp.

NOT TO SCALE MAIN ACCESS (To and from site): Users are able to access the site from many different areas. The pink illustration represents areas where people are most likely to access the site (but are not limited to). It is important to create many access points as individuals use the site for different reasons.

CHILDREN’S ZONE: The highlighted areas include areas of access with ramps. It is important to create a space which is accessible to all individuals. The proposed site includes six main ramps and the inclining green space on the south of the site (which creates its own ramp).

CIRCULATION (CHILD): Through the creation of the site there has been a focus on children and the importance of creating a space which they can enjoy. The green illustration represents the movement of a child and where they are most likely to move throughout the site.

final MODEL - 1:100 @a2

View from playground areas: This image is taken from the playground area - looking over the sandstone path towards the green space. People move throughout the space, with some sitting on the steps and others using them to transition to the green space.

ROPE PLAYGROUND: This image is taken underneath the rope playground to show the view which some young kids will experience. It creates an intimate space where some users can climb above and others can slip down below.

View from ABOVE: This image is taken from the above the site looking over the space. It focuses on the wooden structure which is made from recycled wood and creates a natural playground for kids to play on.

View from ABOVE: The image is taken from the above the sandpit - looking over the space. It shows how the mounds create a space for kids to run and play on.

24 hour city @ QVM EMMA WEIGALL, 993766 LANDSCAPE STUDIO 3

VIEW FROM THE MAIN CROSS AXIS PATH: This image is taken from the path - looking towards the playground area. The white mounds create the “lumps and bumps� which are made from recycled plastic and rubber. Kids are able to play and run on the mounds.

View ACROSS THE SPACE: This image is taken from the above the path - looking towards the East of the site. It shows how the steps create a space for people to sit and move through the site.

PLAN VIEW: This image is taken looking down on the site. The model includes the steps to the green space, trees, pathway, playground - mounds, sandpit, wooden structure and the rope playground.

View ACROSS THE SPACE: This image is taken from above the green space. It shows how people move through the site - with the focus on the wooden playground, rope playground and the sandpit - with the inclusion of trees.

View ACROSS THE SPACE: This image is taken from the rope playground. It shows the sandpit and the wooden playground - with the mounds and the steps in the background.

View ABOVE THE SPACE: This image is taken from above the site. It provides a plan view of the model including the steps, mounds and the sandstone path which includes numerous trees and seats.

View from the path: This image is taken looking towards the East of the site. It shows the numerous mounds and the path which bends and leads to the shipping container stalls.

Sketch MODELs - 1:100 @a2

24 hour city @ QVM EMMA WEIGALL, 993766 LANDSCAPE STUDIO 3