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Question #:1 - [Infrastructure Design]
A North American business traveler connects to a hotel's 2.4 GHz SSID in Europe and notices low RSSI from an AP in the room but experiences no issues with RSSI in the lobby. What is the most likely reason for the low RSSI in the room?
The AP in the room is using ZigBee instead of Wi-Fi
The AP in the room is transmitting on channel 13 and the traveler associated to an AP on channels 1 through 11 in the lobby
The switchport that the AP is connected to is only capable of transmitting at 10 Mbps
The AP in the room is using Bluetooth instead of Wi-Fi
Answer: B
Explanation
In North America, Wi-Fi devices operating in the 2.4 GHz band are typically restricted to channels 1 through 11. However, in Europe, channels 12 and 13 are also permitted. If a European AP is configured to operate on channel 13, a North American device may not recognize or connect to it, leading to low RSSI readings or inability to connect.
Passei Direto
How-To Geek
In this scenario, the AP in the room is likely operating on channel 13, which the traveler's device cannot utilize, resulting in low RSSI. Conversely, the lobby APs are operating on channels 1 through 11, which are compatible with the traveler's device, leading to normal RSSI readings.
Other options, such as the AP using ZigBee or Bluetooth, are unlikely, as these technologies are distinct from Wi-Fi and would not present as Wi-Fi SSIDs. The switchport speed, while affecting throughput, does not directly impact RSSI.
Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on ProtocolandSpectrum Analysis
Question #:2 - [Designing for Specific Applications]
What metric implements the simplest algorithm and lowest accuracy in networks requiring locations?
Angle of Arrival (AoA)
Time of Arrival (ToA)
Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA)
Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)
Answer: D
Explanation
Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) is a metric that measures the power level of a received radio signal. In the context of location-based services within wireless networks, RSSI-based localization is known for its simplicity, as it doesn't require additional hardware or complex algorithms.However, this simplicity comes at the cost of accuracy.RSSI measurements can be significantly affected by environmental factors such as multipath propagation, obstacles, and signal interference, leading to less precise location estimations compared to other methods like AoA, ToA, or TDoA.Wray Castle
Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on Designing for Specific Applications
Question #:3 - [Infrastructure Design]
If you choose to recommend dynamic channel assignment for the APs in your WLAN design, what action should you also recommend?
Ensure that the output power of all APs is set to the maximum allowed in the regulatory domain
Ensure that the output power of all APs is set to the minimum available in the system interface
Replace all antennas with panel antennas instead of omnidirectional antennas
Configure the settings used by the dynamic channel assignment algorithm optimally for your design
Answer: D
Explanation
Dynamic Channel Assignment (DCA) algorithms optimize the RF environment by automatically selecting channel assignments based on factors like interference, noise, and utilization. However, DCA requires tuning of algorithm parameters to align with the specific design and site requirements.
From CWDP-305:
“Dynamic channel assignment and transmit power control must be configured according to the design goals and validated after deployment. Default settings may not produce optimal results in all environments.”
Simply relying on default settings without adjustment can lead to poor RF behavior.
— Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on Wireless Design Process
Question #:4 - [Infrastructure Design]
A controller-based WLAN infrastructure has its controller on a different subnet than its APs. What device must be used to enable any communication between the Controller and the APs?
NTP server
Router
PoE Layer 2 switch
Wireless bridge
Answer: B
Explanation
In a controller-based WLAN infrastructure, when the Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) and Access Points (APs) reside on different subnets, a router is essential to facilitate communication between them.The router enables inter-subnet routing, allowing APs to discover and communicate with the WLC.
The CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide emphasizes the necessity of proper Layer 3 routing for APs to locate and join controllers across different subnets.
Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on Infrastructure Design
Question #:5
- [Infrastructure Design]
In addition to a copy of your design, which tools should you provide to ensure the installation team correctly deploys access points (APs) in the specified locations within a multi-floor indoor design?
GPS and a map
RF spectrum analyzer and packet capturing software
Ladder and a pen
Camera and marking tools
Answer: D
Explanation
For accurate deployment of access points in a multi-floor indoor environment, providing a camera and marking tools is essential. A camera allows the installation team to reference visual cues from the design, ensuring APs are placed in the correct locations. Marking tools help in identifying precise mounting points on ceilings or walls, facilitating adherence to the design plan. These tools, combined with the design documentation, enable the installation team to execute the deployment accurately, maintaining the integrity of the WLAN design.
Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on Wireless Design Process
Question #:6 - [Wireless Design Process]
What is a radome?
A type of semi-circular ceiling found in atriums and that is a heavy cause of RF reflection.
A weatherproof piece of plastic covering an antenna or antenna system.
The unit used to measure the signal reflected backward by the end of a cable.
A piece of metal positioned behind APs mounted on outdoor poles, designed to limit the butterfly effect.
Answer: B
Explanation
A radome (a portmanteau of "radar" and "dome") is a structural, weatherproof enclosure that protects a radar or antenna system. Constructed from materials transparent to radio waves, such as fiberglass, radomes shield antennas from environmental elements like wind, rain, and debris without interfering with signal transmission. They are commonly used in outdoor wireless deployments to ensure the longevity and performance of antenna systems.
Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on Infrastructure Design
Question #:7 - [Protocol and Spectrum Analysis]
How can you increase efficiency in an 802.11n 2.4 GHz multiple-channel architecture network?
Disable 802.11b data rates
Use channels 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11
Use only channels 1 and 2
Use 40 MHz channels
Answer: A
Explanation
Disabling legacy 802.11b data rates (such as 1, 2, 5.5, and 11 Mbps) improves efficiency by reducing airtime used for low data rate transmissions. These rates significantly increase channel occupancy time and reduce network throughput. It also helps eliminate backward compatibility modes like protection mechanisms.
From CWDP-305:
“One of the most effective ways to improve efficiency in 2.4 GHz networks is to disable the use of legacy 802.11b rates. This prevents low-rate clients from consuming excessive airtime and reduces the need for protection frames.”
— Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study Guide, ProtocolandSpectrum Analysis Chapter
Question #:8 - [Protocol and Spectrum Analysis]
What is the DSCP Per Hop Behavior equivalent classification of the 802.11 AC_VO priority level?
Answer: D
Explanation
In Wi-Fi networks, the 802.11e amendment introduces Quality of Service (QoS) by defining Access Categories (ACs) to prioritize different types of traffic.The AC_VO (Voice) category is designated for voice traffic, which requires low latency and jitter.To maintain QoS across both wireless and wired networks, it's essential to map these categories to appropriate Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) values.
The AC_VO category corresponds to the Expedited Forwarding (EF) DSCP value, which is 46.This mapping ensures that voice traffic receives high priority treatment throughout the network, minimizing delays and ensuring call quality.
Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on ProtocolandSpectrum Analysis
Question #:9 - [Advanced Site Surveys]
If the amplifier in Question 4 has a noise figure of 10 dB but a gain of 0 dB, what is the total noise figure of the cable, amplifier, and filter in series?
A.
Answer: C
Explanation
When calculating the total noise figure of cascaded components, Friis' formula is used:
F_total = F1 + (F2 - 1)/G1 + (F3 - 1)/(G1 × G2) + ...
Where:
F_totalis the total noise factor (linear, not in dB).
F1, F2, ...are the noise factors of the individual stages.
G1, G2, ...are the gains of the preceding stages (linear, not in dB).
In this scenario, the amplifier has a gain of 0 dB, which corresponds to a linear gain of 1. A noise figure of 10 dB corresponds to a noise factor of 10. Assuming the cable and filter have negligible noise contributions or are passive components with minimal loss, their impact on the total noise figure is minimal.
Applying Friis' formula:
F_total = 10 + (1 - 1)/1 = 10
Converting back to dB:
NF_total = 10 × log10(10) = 10 dB
Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on ProtocolandSpectrum Analysis
Question #:10 - [Infrastructure Design]
A business traveler from North America is in Europe. The hotel only provides coverage in 2.4 GHz. The traveler connects to the hotel's SSID and notices an AP in the hotel room. However, the laptop reports a very low RSSI when connected. The traveler does not have the same problem when connecting in the lobby. What would be the most likely cause of the low RSSI in the hotel room?
The AP in the room is using ZigBee instead of Wi-Fi.
The AP in the room is transmitting on channel 13 and the traveler associated to a non-channel 13 AP located elsewhere.
The switchport that the AP is connected to is only capable of transmitting at 10 Mbps.
The AP in the room is using Bluetooth instead of Wi-Fi.
Answer: B
Explanation
In Europe, the 2.4 GHz band includes channels 1 through 13, whereas in North America, channels 12 and 13 are typically not used due to regulatory restrictions.If the AP in the hotel room is operating on channel 13, a laptop configured for North American standards may not detect or connect effectively to that channel, resulting in a low Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI).
The CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide explains:
"Client devices configured for specific regulatory domains may not support all channels available in other regions. This can lead to connectivity issues when devices encounter channels that are not permitted in their configured domain."
Therefore, the most likely cause of the low RSSI is the client's inability to properly connect to the AP operating on channel 13, leading it to associate with a more distant AP on a different channel, hence the weaker signal.
Reference: CWDP-305 Official Study and Reference Guide, Chapter on Post-Design ValidationandTroubleshooting
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