projectdaylight_scope by Ellen Chou

Project Daylight

Central Lawrenceville, Pittsburgh Project Scope Definition 22 October 2010 Ellen Chou, Anna Hong, Jiwon Hur, Alexandra Legrady, Eric Smith

INDEX INDEX GENERAL USE STIPULATIONS PROJECT NARRATIVE PROJECT SCOPE: BROAD DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS PROJECT SCOPE: BROAD DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS PROJECT SCOPE: BROAD DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS PROJECT SCOPE: BROAD DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS PROJECT SCOPE: BROAD DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS PROJECT SCOPE: BROAD DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS PROJECT SCOPE: SUN/SHADOW DATA PROJECT SCOPE: TOPOGRAPHICAL DATA PROJECT SCOPE: WIND DATA PROJECT SCOPE: ENVIRONMENTAL DATA PROJECT SCOPE: HOUSING LOCATION PROJECT SCOPE: HOUSING LOCATION PROJECT SCOPE: HOUSING LOCATION PROJECT SCOPE: HOUSING LOCATION PROJECT SCOPE: LAND USE AND ZONING REQUIREMENTS PROJECT SCOPE: LAND USE AND ZONING REQUIREMENTS PROJECT SCOPE: SITE UTILIZATION PROJECT SCOPE: SITE UTILIZATION PROJECT SCOPE: SITE UTILIZATION PROJECT SCOPE: SITE UTILIZATION PROJECT SCOPE: LAND USE / SITE UTILIZATION DEVIATION PROJECT SCOPE: LAND USE / SITE UTILIZATION DEVIATION PROJECT SCOPE: HOUSING CONDITION PROJECT SCOPE: HOUSING CONDITION PROJECT SCOPE: HOUSING CONDITION PROJECT SCOPE: HOUSING CONDITION PROJECT SCOPE: MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECT SCOPE: MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECT SCOPE: MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECT SCOPE: HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS PROJECT SCOPE: TYPOLOGY CASE STUDY BUILDING PROJECT SCOPE: TYPOLOGY CASE STUDY BUILDING - AXONOMETRIC PROJECT SCOPE: TYPOLOGY CASE STUDY BUILDING - ELEVATION PROJECT SCOPE: TYPOLOGY CASE STUDY BUILDING - ELEVATION PROJECT SCOPE: TYPOLOGY CASE STUDY BUILDING - PLAN PROJECT SCOPE: TYPOLOGY CASE STUDY BUILDING - PLAN PROJECT SCOPE: TYPOLOGY CASE STUDY BUILDING - SECTION CODE ANALYSIS CODE ANALYSIS CODE ANALYSIS CODE ANALYSIS CODE ANALYSIS: PROPORTION STUDY SPECIFICATIONS: CSI DESIGNATED MATERIAL ANNOTATION LEGEND SPECIFICATIONS: CSI DESIGNATED MATERIAL ANNOTATION LEGEND SPECIFICATIONS: CSI DESIGNATED MATERIAL ANNOTATION LEGEND SITE CONTEXT: EXISTING ASSETS AND LIABILITIES SITE CONTEXT: SUN STUDIES SITE CONTEXT: GENERAL SITE MODIFICATIONS SITE CONTEXT: GENERAL SITE MODIFICATIONS SITE CONTEXT: GENERAL SITE MODIFICATIONS SITE CONTEXT: GENERAL SITE MODIFICATIONS SITE CONTEXT: GENERAL SITE MODIFICATIONS SELECTIVE DEMOLITION: DIAGRAMS SELECTIVE DEMOLITION: DIAGRAMS ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: INDEX ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: EXTERIOR PERSPECTIVE ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: EXTERIOR PERSPECTIVE ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: FIRST FLOOR PLAN ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: FIRST FLOOR PLAN ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: SECOND FLOOR PLAN ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: SECOND FLOOR PLAN ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: FIRST FLOOR REFLECTED CEILING PLAN ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: FIRST FLOOR REFLECTED CEILING PLAN ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: ENLARGED FIRST FLOOR PLAN ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: ENLARGED FIRST FLOOR PLAN ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: SECTION WEST ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: SECTION WEST

IN1.00

INDEX

IN1.00 IN1.01 IN1.02 PN1.00 PS1.00 PS1.01 PS1.02 PS1.03 PS1.04 PS1.05 PS2.00 PS2.01 PS2.02 PS2.03 PS3.00 PS3.01 PS3.02 PS3.03 PS4.00 PS4.01 PS5.00 PS5.01 PS5.02 PS5.03 PS6.00 PS6.01 PS7.00 PS7.01 PS7.02 PS7.03 PS8.00 PS8.01 PS8.02 PS9.00 PS10.00 PS10.01 PS10.02 PS10.03 PS10.04 PS10.05 PS10.06 CA1.00 CA1.01 CA1.02 CA1.03 SP1.00 SP1.01 SP1.02 SC1.0 SC1.01 SC1.02 SC1.03 SC1.04 SC1.05 SC1.06 SD1.00 SD1.01 AT0.00 AT1.00 AT1.01 AT1.02 AT1.03 AT1.04 AT1.05 AT1.06 AT1.07 AT1.08 AT1.09 AT1.10 AT1.11

Pittsburgh Program for the Adaptive Transformation of Community Housing

ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: ENLARGED SECTION WEST ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: ENLARGED CROSS SECTION ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: SOUTH ELEVATION ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: SOUTH ELEVATION ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: EAST ELEVATION ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: EAST ELEVATION ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: WEST ELEVATION ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: WEST ELEVATION ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: PERSPECTIVE SECTION ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: PERSPECTIVE SECTION ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: AXONOMETRIC SECTION ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: AXONOMETRIC SECTION ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: PLAN DETAIL 1 ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: PLAN DETAIL 2 ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: PLAN DETAIL 3 ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: PLAN DETAIL 4 ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: SECTION DETAIL 1 ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: SECTION DETAIL 2 ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: SECTION DETAIL 3 ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: SECTION DETAIL 4 ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: SECTION DETAIL 5 ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: SECTION DETAIL 6 ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION: WINDOW DIAGRAM ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE: PICTORIAL DEPICTION OF STAGED IMPLICATION ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE: PICTORIAL DEPICTION OF STAGED IMPLICATION ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE: PICTORIAL DEPICTION OF STAGED IMPLICATION ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE: PICTORIAL DEPICTION OF STAGED IMPLICATION ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE: PICTORIAL DEPICTION OF STAGED IMPLICATION ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE: PICTORIAL DEPICTION OF STAGED IMPLICATION ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE: PICTORIAL DEPICTION OF STAGED IMPLICATION ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION ORIENTATION MODIFICATION ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATION ORIENTATION MODIFICATION IMPLEMENTATION DOCUMENTATION: LOGISTICS IMPLEMENTATION DOCUMENTATION: LOGISTICS IMPLEMENTATION DOCUMENTATION: LOGISTICS IMPLEMENTATION DOCUMENTATION: LOGISTICS IMPLEMENTATION DOCUMENTATION: CRITICAL PATH ANALYSIS IMPLEMENTATION DOCUMENTATION: CRITICAL PATH ANALYSIS IMPLEMENTATION DOCUMENTATION: CRITICAL PATH ANALYSIS IMPLEMENTATION DOCUMENTATION: CRITICAL PATH ANALYSIS IMPLEMENTATION DOCUMENTATION: CRITICAL PATH ANALYSIS IMPLEMENTATION DOCUMENTATION: CRITICAL PATH ANALYSIS IMPLEMENTATION DOCUMENTATION: HARD COST ANALYSIS IMPLEMENTATION DOCUMENTATION: PAYBACK ANALYSIS

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AT1.12 AT1.13 AT1.14 AT1.15 AT1.16 AT1.17 AT1.18 AT1.19 AT2.00 AT2.01 AT2.02 AT2.03 AT3.00 AT3.01 AT3.02 AT3.03 AT3.04 AT3.05 AT3.06 AT3.07 AT3.08 AT3.09 AT3.10 AS1.00 AS1.01 AS1.02 AS1.03 AS1.04 AS1.05 AS1.06 OM1.00 OM1.01 IMP1.00 IMP1.01 IMP1.02 IMP1.03 IMP2.00 IMP2.01 IMP2.02 IMP2.03 IMP2.04 IMP2.05 IMP3.00 IMP3.01

INDEX

IN1.01

GENERAL USE STIPULATIONS: These documents are the copyrighted and intellectual property of Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Program for the Adaptive Transformation of Community Housing and cannot be reproduced in whole or in part without permission. No document may be taken out of the index without consideration for all other drawings in the set. Drawings may not be scaled or modified. No change may be made without consultation of the architect. The architect assumes no responsibility for misinterpretations, omissions, or errors on account of using incomplete or altered sets of documents that have not been approved.

IN1.02

GENERAL USE STIPULATIONS

Pittsburgh Program for the Adaptive Transformation of Community Housing

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PROJECT DAYLIGHT

Project Daylight is a design modification that can be applied to an existing housing typology in Lawrenceville. This transformation, although shown for a specific home can be adapted to any mason’s row house to improve daylighting in the home and minimize utility costs by taking advantage of passive strategies. The implementation strategies presented are designed to provide an affordable path to the realization of renovation that can impact and revitalize the Lawrenceville area.

LAWRENCEVILLE

The Central Lawrenceville neighborhood is one of Pittsburgh’s most diverse districts. The population reflects multiple income levels, ages, races, and family structures. The built environment itself is equally dynamic with industrial areas directly next to single family houses, row homes, apartment buildings, and commercial streets. As with much of the city, the neighborhood suffered from a rapid exodus of population in the last fifty years. However, the city has recently marked it as a “hip” destination for artists and young professionals, reflected by the revitalization of Butler Street businesses and new influx of people.

HOUSING TYPOLOGY

The common features of this mason’s row type include two story constructions with an attic typically defined by a single center dormer facing the street façade. On the other floors, three bays are defined by equally spaced windows that face the street. Many have been modified over the years. Common modifications found in Lawrenceville include an addition in the rear of one or two stories, and front porches with proper setbacks. Some owners even chose to enclose their porches for more heated indoor space. Historically, heating systems were fueled by coal, and many have a chute in front for coal deliveries.

IMPLEMENTATION

The adaptive transformation of the porch along the front façade will extend the living space and improve the overall daylighting in the house. This glass extension can utilize passive heating strategies in the winter to minimize utilities. In the summer the porch can be completely open, taking advantage of natural ventilation. Collecting rain water and adding plantings will stop flooding and cut back on water usage for irrigation. Ultimately, the approaches defined will improve the quality of life in the Central Lawrenceville neighborhood through sustainable and affordable means.

PROJECT NARRATIVE

PN1.00

POPULATION & RACE (2000, 2008)

KEY Population (2000) White

The current population that resides in Central Lawrenceville (4,654) is the largest of the three when compaired to those of Lower (2,295) and Upper Lawrenceville (2,495). Relatively, it is nearly double that which can be found in either of the other two. Since 2000, Lawrenceville overall has experienced a significant decrease in population, the majority of which occured in Central Lawrenceville. However, when studying this drop relative to the lower and upper regions, Central Lawrence has exhibited the smallest percetage decrease over time.

African American Asian Other

Overall, studies of the racial demographics that make up Lawrenceville reveals a relatively homogeneous population that is predominately White. A smaller African American and Asian population makes up the remaining demo along with an even smaller population comprised of other ethnicities.

LOWER LAWRENCEVILLE

In comparison to the greater Lawrenceville region, Central Lawrenceville has the greatest number of people in all of the age groups except for those in their sixties to mid seventies. Out of the population of Central Lawrenceville, the majority are in their mid thirties to late fifties, with a similar percentage found to be in their early years to mid thirties, implying a family oriented population make up. Another demographic that can be found in Central Lawrenceville is the elderly, who are in their mid seveties and onwards.

KEY Lower Central Upper

5 - 19

AGE GROUP

AGE STRUCTURE OF POPULATION

CENTRAL LAWRENCEVILLE

20 - 34 35 - 59 60 - 74 75 +

PS1.00

PROJECT SCOPE: BROAD DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

UPPER LAWRENCEVILLE

-13.9%

2,899

2,495

Pittsburgh Program for the Adaptive Transformation of Community Housing

LOWER

CENTRAL

UPPER

$44,468

$51,042

$46,328

86%

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MEDIAN HOME VALUE PERCENTAGE OF HOMES OCCUPIED

82%

11.9

14.3

42.2% owner 57.8% renter

51.8% owner 48.2% renter

60.6% owner 39.4% renter

$26,711

$28,406

$32,348

NUMBER OF YEARS SPENT AT RESIDENCE

HOME OWNERSHIP MEDIAN INCOME

(BASED OFF OF STUDIES CONDUCTED IN 2009)

MODES OF TRANSPORTATION 52.7%

18% 17.3%

52.6% 16.6% 14.6%

52.5% 18.1% 17.4%

KEY DRIVE

CARPOOL

BUS

WALK

HOME OWNERSHIP & RESIDENTIAL STATISTICS Although the median home value of Central Lawrenceville ($52,042) is noticably higher in comparison to that of Lower ($44,468) and Upper Lawrenceville ($46,328), the median income of its residents is relatively on par with the rest of the region. Of the 86% of homes that are occupied, the ratio of owner to renter in Central Lawrenceville is fairly balanced with 51.8% of people owning their home to 48.2% who rent.

PROJECT SCOPE: BROAD DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

PS1.01

tler

Str eet

VACANT LOTS: LOWER LAWRENCEVILLE

ve Penn A

Butl

er S

tree

VACANT LOTS: UPPER LAWRENCEVILLE

PS1.02

ton

Av e

PROJECT SCOPE: BROAD DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

Pittsburgh Program for the Adaptive Transformation of Community Housing

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LAWRENCEVILLE VACANT LOTS

LOWER

UPPER

Lots Listed: 8 24 Price/SF: $3.7 $3.14 Average Value: $4662 $13933 Average Area: 1233 SF 4432SF http://www.city.pittsburgh.pa.us/finance/real_estate/08_marketing_lots_oct.pdf

The majority of the vacant lots in Lawrenceville exist in the Upper area, with a larger square footage of land available and higher priced vacancies available. The vacant land in Upper Lawrenceville is mainly concentrated within one area as opposed to the Lower section where lots are dispersed. In lower Lawrenceville all of the vacant lots are level and have a paved street.Approximately half of the vacant lots in upper Lawrenceville are level and the other half are sloped. About 90% of the lots are on a paved street.

KEY Price

Lot Size

< $ 5000

1000SF - 4000SF

> $ 5000

over 4000SF

PROJECT SCOPE: BROAD DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

PS1.03

HOUSING

Pittsburgh Lower Central Upper Average Listing Price: $232,000 $124,000 $133,000 $59,000 Price/SF: $85 $72 $38 Properties for Sale: 2979 14 32 21 Properties Sold: 3794 20 31 11 Foreclosed: 2049 5 9 5 http://www.trulia.com/real_estate/Pittsburgh-Pennsylvania/

HOUSES FOR SALE BY >10K 10K 20K - 30K 80K

PS1.04

PROJECT SCOPE: BROAD DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

Pittsburgh Program for the Adaptive Transformation of Community Housing

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BUILDING PERMIT REQUIREMENTS

Prior to the construction, enlargement, alteration, or repair of any building or structure a building permit is required. A contractor licensed by the City of Pittsburgh must make the application for building permit unless the occupier performs on his/her own one or two-family dwelling and no employees are hired. The building permit applications must be made by the owner, contractor, or authorized agent. The process includes: zoning counter, file room, engineerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s counter, license and cashier counter. The following information is needed: address of the job site, ownerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s information, check or money order, contractor registration information, constructions plans (approved by an engineer or architect), and if occupancy permit is needed a plot plan for zoning approval is required. http://www.city.pittsburgh.pa.us/BBI/html/building_permit.html

BUILDING PERMIT FEES

R-3/R-4

Commercial

R-2

New Const.

$247

$0.43/sf

Additions

$64

$0.43/sf

Alterations

$34

$78

***There is a minimum of $82 for commercial and R-2 additions. The alterations cost for commercial and R-2 varies, up to $1000 is equivalent to $78. Each additional $1000 is $13, and each additional $1000 over $1 Million is $6. This is a basic measure to view the feasibility of a project, specifically if alterations and additions are worth adding to the existing structure. http://www.city.pittsburgh.pa.us/BBI/assets/10_BBI_permit_fees.pdf

SERVICE RATE FEES ELECTRICITY Duquesne Light Company $0.14/kwH NATURAL GAS Peoples Dominion 1cf of gas = 1,026 btu $12.12/mmbtu HOT WATER Fuel type: Gas $12.12/mmbtu ***Average gallons of hot water/month = 2800 gallons mmbtu/mo= gallons x .001 mmbtu/gallon (convert to mmbtu)

PROJECT SCOPE: BROAD DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

PS1.05

SUN STUDIES ON PRIMARY HOUSE

SUN SHADOWS: JANUARY 9:00AM - 1:00PM - 5:00PM

SUN SHADOWS: JULY 9:00AM - 1:00PM - 5:00PM

PS2.00

PROJECT SCOPE: SUN / SHADOW DATA

Pittsburgh Program for the Adaptive Transformation of Community Housing

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Central Lawrenceville Topography with 5 foot contour intervals

DAYLIGHT

Because Pittsburgh is located on the windward side of the Allegheny Mountains, there is often cloud cover and many overcast days. In the winter months, only 28% to 30% of daylight hours have direct sunshine. In summer this number climbs to 55%, which is still a fairly low amount of sunshine. This brings into question the feasability of passive solar systems. [source: rssweather.com]

TOPOGRAPHY AND SLOPE

Central Lawrenceville is located on a hillside sloping northwest toward the Allegheny River. The nieghborhood itself has a fairly steep but tranversible grade, while steep slopes exist to the south and north. The western part is located on the flat lowland adjacent to the river. The direction and grade of slope can affect the exposure to sunlight of buildings, especially that of the Hill District to the south. Also, runoff patterns are directed down the north-south streets due to the slope.

SUN ACCESS

The primary case study house is facing southest. With no houses on the opposite side of the street, this means excellent access to sunlight during the morning hours year-round for rooms in the front portion of the house. These spaces already have large windows that are acceptable for solar gain the winter, but could present a problem of overheating during the summer months. The northeast facade of the house recieves no direct sunlight but also has no fenestration. This facade is ideal for allowing indirect light in the summer months while contributing little to overall heat gain. Currently, this strategy is not being utilized.

PROJECT SCOPE: TOPOGRAPHICAL DATA

PS2.01

PREVAILING WIND PATTERNS ON PRIMARY HOUSE

WIND PATTERNS

Winds are primarily from the southwest during summer and winter months but shift more westerly during mid spring and autumn. Average wind speeds vary from around 10 -12 knots in winter to 6 - 8 knots during the summer. Local conditions may modify the prevailing wind patterns and proximity to built structures, open spaces, and orientation have an effect on inidividual structures. A steep hill lies to the southwest of Lawrenceville, directing winds to the west and south. Strongest wind patterns come from the riverfront to the northwest.

WIND ROSES FOR FOUR SIGNIFICANT MONTHS

(METERS PER SECOND)

January

May

July

October

The location of the primary case study house on a relatively isolated hillside makes it highly susceptible to wind, especially southwest winds that come directly up the street. This can affect the required heating of the house in winter, but is desirable in summer for passive cooling. National Water and Climate Service

National Water and Climate Service

PS2.02

PROJECT SCOPE: WIND DATA

Pittsburgh Program for the Adaptive Transformation of Community Housing

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TEMPERATURE Pittsburgh is a four season climate with warm summers and cold winters. Average temperature in winter ranges from 19 to 35 degrees Fahrenheit, while summer averages 62 to 82 degrees Fahrenheit. The climate is thus heating-based, with 5968 heating degree days versus 654 cooling degree days. A heating system is required in all homes, but cooling may be completed passively to avoid constructing cooling systems. http://www.rssweather.com

PRECIPITATION Annual precipitation is 37.85 inches, falling fairly evenly across the year but slightly more in spring and less in fall. Pittsburgh also recieves around 15 inches of snow per season. Precipitation drains northwest to the Allegheny River. The slope of most of the neighborhood toward this direction as well as proximity to green areas such as the cemeteries and parks allows for several areas for water retention and drainage control. Water falling on the roof can also be collected for grey water usage in the home, further reducing runoff. http://www.rssweather.com

PROJECT SCOPE: ENVIRONMENTAL DATA

PS2.03

LOCATIONS OF HOUSING TYPOLOGY The focused typology is a two-story, single unit house with three bays of windows and a dormer on the street-facing facade. Some variations include balcony, sizes and position of windows, setback, addition of the back of the house, etc. The houses are scattered across ten streets. Different positions dictate how the owner adept their houses. Because Upper Lawrenceville is centered on industry, the majority of this housing typology can be found in Lower and Central Lawrenceville The primary materials used in this typology are bricks and shingles with various exterior finishing. The prices of the houses are acquired from the Allegheny County tax assessment web site. Prices may not match the present day value since appraisals were taken place in the 1900â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. Number twenty is the primary house with east-west axis. Number six is the secondary house with north-south axis. Both houses are detached masons rowhouse with a vacent lot on one side.

14 15 11

13 10 7

8 5 2

18 17

20 19

PS3.00

PROJECT SCOPE: HOUSING LOCATION

Pittsburgh Program for the Adaptive Transformation of Community Housing

1. 119 41st Street North - South axis 2,050 sq. ft. Brick & Shingle $34,400

5. 113 42nd Street North - South axis 1,020 sq. ft. Brick & Shingle $22,700

124 42nd Street North - South axis 1,245 sq. ft. Brick & Shingle $ 83,400

SECONDARY HOUSE 148 42nd Street North - South axis 2,400 sq. ft. Brick & Shingle

109 42nd Street North - South axis 1,028 sq. ft. Brick & Shingle $24,800

138 44th Street North - South axis 2,286 sq. ft. Brick & Shingle $23,500

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4. 111 42nd Street North - South axis 989 sq. ft. Brick & Shingle $18,600

8. 140 44th Street North - South axis 2,286 sq. ft. Brick & Shingle $20,500.

PROJECT SCOPE: HOUSING LOCATION

PS3.01

9. 150 44th Street North - South axis 1,296 sq. ft. Brick & Shingle $31,600

10. 138 44th Street North - South axis 2,286 sq. ft. Brick & Shingle $23,500

11. 133 45th Street North - South axis 2,000 sq. ft. Brick & Shingle $48,200

12.

13.

14. 133 46th Street North - South axis 2,150 sq. ft. Brick & Shingle $34,100

15.

16. 175 46th Street North - South axis 2,000 sq. ft. Brick & Shingle $53,100

168 46th Street North - South axis 2,000 sq. ft. Brick & Shingle $66,100

PS3.02

PROJECT SCOPE: HOUSING LOCATION

127 46th Street North - South axis 2,100 sq. ft. Brick & Shingle $ 38,100

143 45th Street North - South axis 1,120 sq. ft. Brick & Shingle $35,800

Pittsburgh Program for the Adaptive Transformation of Community Housing

17. 306 45th Street North - South axis 2,376 sq. ft. Brick & Shingle $23,900

18.

272 46th Street North - South axis 2,000 sq. ft. Brick & Shingle $37,700

19. 302 46th Street North - South axis 5,060 sq. ft. Brick & Shingle $30,000

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20.

PRIMARY HOUSE 4627 Bancroft Street East - West axis 2,640 sq. ft. Brick & Shingle $31,900

Parcel ID 0049-C-00276-0000-00\ Municipality 109 PIttsburgh - 9th Ward

PROJECT SCOPE: HOUSING LOCATION

PS3.03

City of Pittsburgh Maps

PITTSBURGH ZONING CLASSIFICATIONS Residential Commercial Landscape Educational Industrial

EMI - Educational/medical institution GI - General Industrial H - Hillside LNC - Local Neighborhood Commercial PO - Parks and Open Space R1A-H - Single-Unit Attached Residential High Density R1A-VH - Single-Unit Attached Residential Very High Density R1D-H - Single-Unit Detached Residential High Density RM-M - Multi-Unit Residential Moderate Density UI - Urban Industrial

PS4.00

PROJECT SCOPE: LAND USE AND ZONING REQUIREMENTS

Pittsburgh Program for the Adaptive Transformation of Community Housing

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CITY OF PITTSBURGH LAND USE STIPULATIONS

Lawrenceville consists of residential, commercial, landscape, educational and industrial zones. Of which landscape, residential and industrial zones occupy the most square footage. Industrial zone surrounds the river. The commercial zone locates on either sides of Butler Street. Residential zones are scattered among commercial and park areas. The primary house locates in the R1A-H zone. The primary house is directly adjacent to a big open green space. Secondary house locates in the R1A-VH zone. It is sandwiched between industrial and commercial zones. Code of Ordinances: City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Ord. No. 39-2009, enacted . 1, 2010

LANDUSE FOR PRIMARY HOUSE R1A-H - Single-Unit Attached Residential

Min Lot Size Min Lot Size per Unit Min Front Setback Min Rear Setback Min Exterior Sideyard Setback Min Interior Sideyard Setback Max Height stories)

1,800 s.f. 750 s.f. 15 ft 15 ft 15 ft 10 ft 40 ft (not to exceed 3

LAND USE FOR SECONDARY HOUSE

R1A-VH - Single-Unit Attached Residential Very High Density

Min Lot Size Min Lot Size per Unit Min Front Setback Min Rear Setback Min Exterior Sideyard Setback Min Interior Sideyard Setback Max Height stories)

1,200 s.f. 400 s.f. 5 ft 15 ft 5 ft 10 ft 40 ft (not to exceed 3

PROJECT SCOPE: LAND USE AND ZONING REQUIREMENTS

PS4.01

LOT: 4627 BANCROFT STREET | PRIMARY HOUSE STREET FRONT SETBACK & UTILIZATION CHARACTERISTICS

A. Front setback less than 5 feet in depth, entrance at street level B. Front setback less than 5 feet in depth, elevated entrance C. Front setback between 5 and 10 feet in depth, entrance at street level D. Front setback between 10 and 20 feet in depth, front yard utilization E. Front setback 20 feet or greater in depth F. Lot usage not oriented towards the street in reference G. Vacant lot, no site usage

Unit and Side Setback Charcteristics

PS5.00

PROJECT SCOPE: SITE UTILIZATION

1. Single-unit, detached with side setbacks of at least 3 feet on either side 2. Multi-unit, attached

Pittsburgh Program for the Adaptive Transformation of Community Housing

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Front and Rear setbacks and space utilization No front yard utilization, while the back of house is kept as yard space. North side of house is directly adjacent to an unused plot of city land with no side setback.

Site Information:

Lot Depth: 120 feet Lot Width: 25 feet Front Setback: 2 feet Rear Setback: 50 feet Side Setback: 10 feet

Side setback and space utilization A 10 foot side setback in between the house and its neighbor has been partitioned out and paved with the clear intention for it to be used as a carport. However, because the street is more remote and does not see much traffic, people have come to park their cars along the street rather than in the narrow spaces in bvetween each house to allow for easier access. The space has been fenced off and utility lines and air-conditioning units have been allowed to protrude out into the space that once would have been reserved for the automobile.

PROJECT SCOPE: SITE UTILIZATION

PS5.01

LOT: 148 43RD STREET | SECONDARY HOUSE Street Front Setback & Utilization Characteristics:

Unit and Side Setback Charcteristics:

PS5.02

PROJECT SCOPE: SITE UTILIZATION

1. Single-unit, detached with side setbacks of at least 3 feet on either side 2. Multi-unit, attached

Pittsburgh Program for the Adaptive Transformation of Community Housing

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Side setback and utilization As a detached, single-unit typology, the house has a narrow 5 foot clearance between it and the structure on its adjacent lot. Because of the limited width and accessibility of the space, this alley is rarely inhabited. Instead, it is utilized mainly as a service corridor along which to run utility lines and store garbage so as to keep them hidden when viewed from a street front perspective.

Front and Rear setback and utilization The house is set 10 feet back from the side walk and 20 feet from its neighboring look in the back. This leaves a decent amount of space to be utilized in both the front and back yards. The front yard is currently being utilized as a garden space, which not only provides shade but also serves to screen the front of the house, creating a good amount of privacy on an otherwise densely packed residential block.

Site Information

PROJECT SCOPE: SITE UTILIZATION

Lot Depth: 80 feet Lot Width: 30 feet Front Setback: 10 feet Rear Setback: 20 feet Side Setback: 5 feet

PS5.03

PRIMARY LOT: 4627 BANCROFT STREET

LAND USE | R1A-H High Density Subdistrict: Minimum Lot Size: 1,800 square feet Minimum Front Setback: 15 feet Minimum Rear Setback: 15 feet Minimum Exterior Sideyard Setback: 15 feet Minimum Interior Sideyard Setback: 5 feet Max Height: 40 feet, not to exceed 3 stories

SITE UTILIZATION Lot Depth: 120 feet Lot Width: 25 feet Front Setback: 2 feet Rear Setback: 50 feet Side Setback: 10 feet (left), 0 feet (right)

SITE UTILIZATION DEVIATION The house is incompliant with R1A-H land-use stipulations on its Northeast and Southeast facades. The code requires a 15 foot front yard setback, however only a 2 foot setback exists for the current housing footprint. The side setback is also incompliant with the 5 foot minimum setback requirement as stipulated by land-use code. Instead the house sits right along the lot boundaries of the vacant piece of city owned land.

PS6.00

PROJECT SCOPE: LAND USE / SITE UTILIZATION DEVIATION

HEIGHT

Pittsburgh Program for the Adaptive Transformation of Community Housing

ARC48_550

SECONDARY LOT: 148 43RD STREET

LAND USE | R1A-VH Very High Density Subdistrict

Minimum Lot Size: 1,200 square feet Minimum Front Setback: 5 feet Minimum Rear Setback: 15 feet Minimum Exterior Sideyard Setback: 5 feet Minimum Interior Sideyard Setback: 5 feet Maximum Height: 40 feet, not to exceed 3 stories

SITE UTILIZATION

Lot Depth: 80 feet Lot Width: 30 feet Front Setback: 10 feet Rear Setback: 20 feet Side Setback: 5 feet (left), 4 feet (right)

SITE UTILIZATION DEVIATION In its existing condition, the house complies with the R1A-VH stipulations on all sides except on its Northwest faรงade. The land use code sets down a 5 foot minimum side setback, but the house is only set back 4 feet on its North-west side, leaving a one foot section that protrudes into the no-build space between the house and its adjacent vacant lot.

PROJECT SCOPE: LAND USE / SITE UTILIZATION DEVIATION

PS6.01

CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIMARY HOUSE LOCATION This house is located on the boundary between the cemeteries and the residential area. The front of the house faces a stone wall that separates the houses from the St. Maryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cemetery. On the northeast side of the house faces the Allegheny Cemetery, and the southwest side and the back side of the house face other residential buildings.

Single loaded

Elevation of the street the house is located

The street or the stone wall that the house is facing

PS7.00

PROJECT SCOPE: HOUSING CONDITION

Pittsburgh Program for the Adaptive Transformation of Community Housing

ARC48_550

CHARACTERISTICS OF SECONDARY HOUSE LOCATION This house is surrounded by similar houses all around. Its front faces another front porch of a house. The northwest side of the house faces a garden next door and is also open to the empty lot. This house is located in a dense residential area.

Double loaded

Elevation of the street the house is located

The street the front porch of the house is facing

PROJECT SCOPE: HOUSING CONDITION

PS7.01

VARIABLES ACROSS THE TYPOLOGICAL INVENTORY

SINGLE FRONT-FACING DORMER

FRONT-FACING WINDOW CONDITIONS

EXTERIOR FINISH MATERIAL

FRONT DOOR CONDITIONS

PS7.02

PROJECT SCOPE: HOUSING CONDITION

Pittsburgh Program for the Adaptive Transformation of Community Housing

ARC48_550

EXISTING CONDITIONS With a double brick construction, the building envelope seems stable and sturdy despite its age. The owner of the house replaced the old windows with new double glazed windows within the past ten years, while other openings have been covered up with brick. There are cracks between the old and newly filled in brick. The gutters need to be redirected; currently they extend directly onto the lawn. Newly installed double glazed windows; no

Lose shingles overhead

The interior of the house has been renovated by the owner and does not require further rennovation. The owner mentioned that the chimney leaks inside the house, which needs to be fixed. Originally there were fire places in every room, but now all of them are blocked from inside. The porch was constructed by the father of the resident a few decades ago. Its original wood construction was later reinforced with brick. Due to years of exposure to severe weather and the elements, the porch is currently in poor condition. The wood overhead is rotting and warping, and the shingles have come loose. The porch needs to be fitted with a new roof and drainage system. Grass exists only on the cemetary side of the house, and there are no trees around the house. There is a small stone decoration in front that requires little maintenance. The large backyard is not well maintained, and is currently being used as storage space for garbage and machinery.

Deserted backyard

Low maintanence stone element

Leaking chimney

Gutter condition

Existing porch in poor condition No trees or vegetation on site. Only grass from the cemetary PROJECT SCOPE: HOUSING CONDITION

PS7.03

PRIMARY HOUSE: MATERIAL CONDITIONS Exterior: Double wythe brick construction Roof: Asphalt shingles Window: Double glazed, operable Porch: Open brick construction Building Footprint: 800 sq. Total Window area: 191.5 sq. Total Brick envelop area: 2834.5 sq. Total Number of Rooms: 6

Double wyth brick exterior wall

AREAS OF MODIFICATION Porch addition; Room addition (rear); Louvers on the porch; Window extension on the 1st floor; New window installation; brick enclosures on side windows.

DOUBLE WYTHE BRICK WALL CONSTRUCTION

Metal cladding and gutter

CEILING JOIST RAFTER

Decorative metal cladding

EXTERIOR

INTERIOR

DOOR FRAME

FLOORING FLOOR JOIST REINFORCED CONCRETE PORCH SLAB

BEARER

Asphalt shingle roofing

REINFORCED CONCRETE

PS8.00

PROJECT SCOPE: MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION

Pittsburgh Program for the Adaptive Transformation of Community Housing

ARC48_550

PRIMARY HOUSE: FORMS OF MODIFICATION

dormer

additional room

porch

The porch and room addition to the original house

Decreased size of openings by walling up windows and doors

Window > expansion

Operable louvers installed on the porch

PROJECT SCOPE: MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION

PS8.01

SECONDARY HOUSE: MATERIAL CONDITIONS CONSTRUCTION Metal is used significantly throughout the exterior along with brick. Metal cladding on the porch roof, metal gutters along the roof edges, and metal shutters on the porch. However these are not the original materials, they were later added to the house. The house structure is wood frame construction with brick exterior. The porch, which was later added is also wooden structure.

Majority of the exterior is brick.

Diagram by Rural Building http://www.ruralbuilding.com.au/pages/brick_veneer.asp

Metal details along the porch

Asphalt shingles are also part of the materials, but it is only used on the side of the gabled dormer dormer

FORMS OF MODIFICATION Porches were added to the original form in the front of the house as well as the back of the house. Gabled dormer is also a later addition to the house. The metal shutters on the porch is the most recent modification to the house. front porch

PS8.02

PROJECT SCOPE: MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION

back porch

Pittsburgh Program for the Adaptive Transformation of Community Housing

ARC48_550 HEATING COAL

Coal Chute

One of our housing studies was constructed around 1900 and originally used coal as the main heating method. A coal chute can be seen from the porch, this was originally designed to have coal be directly transferred to the coal storage area and furnace located in the basement. Most homes that date back to this time would have used coal before updating the homes heating system.

GAS RADIATOR SYSTEM

Radiator

STEAM AND WATER Homes in the Lawrenceville area currently use a gas radiator heating system using. Either steam (which was specifically used in house 1), or water is circulated through exposed pipes. Radiators installed in these housing typologies usually exist in front of windows to help cut the harsh cold weather air that infiltrates through windows in the winter. Steam radiators are rather energy inefficient because of the time lag between turning on the system and the arriving of steam. Depending on when the heating system was last maintained, radiators can run at about only 40-50% efficiency. Ways to improve heat transfer throughout the room would be to place a reflector behind the radiator so the hot air reflects back into the room. Other possibilities for heating in the Lawrenceville area would be electric baseboard heaters. Since most homes date back to the 1940â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a central air system would not have been in place unless in a major retrofit occurred.

Radiator Reflector

COOLING AIR CONDITIONING UNIT

The main method of cooling in the residences of Lawrenceville is through the addition of a window air conditioning unit. Our first house had one placed on the second floor, the second house had two, one on the first floor and one on the second floor. Window AC units make for an easy retrofit for a home and offer the flexibility of turning on the unit when using a single room.

AC Window Unit

PROJECT SCOPE: HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS

PS9.00

The front porch was originally wood but was replaced with a brick one and contains a louver system facing the vacant lot for passive ventilation control on the porch. Heating was originally by coal furnace. The chute that used to deliver coal still exists below the front porch of the house, though no longer in use. There are two chimneys along the eastern wall of the original house and one on the west in the rear addition inferring possible location of the heating system inside. There is no cooling system, except for air conditioning units the owner placed in the windows.

The main case study house is located at 4627 Bancroft Street, near a part of Allegheny Cemetery. It is relatively isolated, at the end of a dead end street with a large vacant area directly next to it. The facade faces southeast and the primary orientation is East-West. The house was built in 1900 and contains 6 rooms, 3 bedrooms, and 1 bath. It consists of an original house and a later extension to the rear. The original house is three stories over a basement. The third floor is within the eave of the roof with one dormer over the front. The second floor fenestration contains three windows on the street facade. The original house was expanded at an unknown time to the rear on the first two stories and basement. The large rear extension nearly doubles the living area of the house, to 1,472 square feet. It is made entirely of brick construction, with no insulation except for panels added to the interior of some rooms. While there several windows on the two sides that would normally abut similar row house types, changes in the brick work imply windows were larger at one time, and back doors have been relocated from the side to the rear.

EXISTING SOUTH ELEVATION 1/8” = 1’-0”

PS10.00

PROJECT SCOPE: TYPOLOGY CASE STUDY BUILDING

Pittsburgh Program for the Adaptive Transformation of Community Housing

ARC48_550

EXISTING SOUTH AXONOMETRIC 1/8” = 1’-0”

PROJECT SCOPE: TYPOLOGY CASE STUDY BUILDING - AXONOMETRIC

PS10.01

EXISTING WEST ELEVATION 1/8” = 1’-0”

PS10.02

PROJECT SCOPE: TYPOLOGY CASE STUDY BUILDING - ELEVATION

Pittsburgh Program for the Adaptive Transformation of Community Housing

ARC48_550

EXISTING EAST ELEVATION 1/8” = 1’-0”

PROJECT SCOPE: TYPOLOGY CASE STUDY BUILDING - ELEVATION

PS10.03

EXISTING BASEMENT PLAN 1/8” = 1’-0”

PS10.04

PROJECT SCOPE: TYPOLOGY CASE STUDY BUILDING - PLAN

EXISTING FIRST FLOOR PLAN 1/8” = 1’-0”

Pittsburgh Program for the Adaptive Transformation of Community Housing

EXISTING SECOND FLOOR PLAN 1/8” = 1’-0”

ARC48_550

EXISTING ATTIC PLAN 1/8” = 1’-0”

PROJECT SCOPE: TYPOLOGY CASE STUDY BUILDING - PLAN

PS10.05

EXISTING NORTH-SOUTH SECTION 1/8” = 1’-0”

PS10.06

PROJECT SCOPE: TYPOLOGY CASE STUDY BUILDING - SECTION