INVALSI Inglese Secondaria II grado 2019

VERSO LE

PROVE NAZIONALI INGLESE

Prove Computer Based: attraverso il codice personale allegato al volume studente, tutti i test del volume cartaceo potranno essere svolti in maniera interattiva.

VERSO LE PROVE NAZIONALI INGLESE

• Il volume prepara ad affrontare la prova nazionale Invalsi alla fine del secondo ciclo di istruzione.

• La prima sezione fornisce agli studenti le strategie per svolgere i task richiesti nella prova ufficiale, sia di Reading che di Listening.

• La sezione complementare di Language in Use garantisce l’allenamento necessario a inferire dai contesti e a potenziare le competenze linguistiche.

• I Mock Tests, con tabelle di autovalutazione e la possibilità di annotare il tempo di svolgimento, consolidano la preparazione con testi interessanti e stimolanti.

• L’Appendice contiene alcune pratiche schede grammaticali e l’elenco completo degli argomenti specifici dei livelli QCER B1 e B2.

Giovanna DA VILLA • Chiara SBARBADA • Claire MOORE

SCUOLA SECONDARIA DI SECONDO GRADO

Edizione 2019

COMPUTER BASED

VERSO LE PROVE NAZIONALI INGLESE Scuola secondaria di Secondo Grado

• Percorso guidato per svolgere i task della prova ufficiale • Test di allenamento • Esercizi integrativi propedeutici • Schede grammaticali • Elenco completo dei contenuti grammaticali e lessicali dei livelli QCER B1 e B2

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Giovanna DA VILLA • Chiara SBARBADA • Claire MOORE

LIBRO DIGITALE SCARICABILE

Edizione 2019

COMPUTER BASED

Giovanna DA VILLA • Chiara SBARBADA • Claire MOORE

VERSO LE PROVE NAZIONALI INGLESE Scuola secondaria di Secondo Grado

Giovanna Da Villa, Chiara Sbarbada, Claire Moore VERSO LE PROVE NAZIONALI INGLESE Responsabile editoriale: Beatrice Loreti Redazione: Leonardo Santarelli Responsabile di produzione: Francesco Capitano Progetto grafico e impaginazione: Airone Comunicazione – Enea Ciccarelli Copertina: Curvilinee Foto: Shutterstock ©2018 Eli-La Spiga Edizioni Via Brecce – Loreto Tel. 071 750701 info@elilaspigaedizioni.it www.elilaspigaedizioni.it

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Stampato in Italia presso Tecnostampa – Pigini Group Printing Division – Loreto – Trevi 18.83.414.0 ISBN 978-88-468-3835-3 Le fotocopie non autorizzate sono illegali. Tutti i diritti riservati. È vietata la riproduzione totale o parziale così come la sua trasmissione sotto qualsiasi forma o con qualunque mezzo senza previa autorizzazione scritta da parte dell’editore.

Indice Introduzione........................................................................ 4

Test 6 Section 1 – Reading Comprehension..................... 80

Training section with tips ........................................... 7

Section 2 – Listening Comprehension................... 84 Section 3 – Language in Use..................................... 86

Test 1 Section 1 – Reading Comprehension..................... 40

Test 7

Section 2 – Listening Comprehension.................. 44

Section 1 – Reading Comprehension...................... 88

Section 3 – Language in Use*................................... 47

Section 2 – Listening Comprehension.................... 92 Section 3 – Language in Use..................................... 95

Test 2 Section 1 – Reading Comprehension.......................48

Test 8

Section 2 – Listening Comprehension.................... 52

Section 1 – Reading Comprehension....................... 98

Section 3 – Language in Use..................................... 54

Section 2 – Listening Comprehension.................. 103 Section 3 – Language in Use.................................... 105

Test 3 Section 1 – Reading Comprehension...................... 56

Appendice

Section 2 – Listening Comprehension.................. 60

Schede grammaticali................................................... 107

Section 3 – Language in Use..................................... 63

Word building................................................................. 110 Phrasal verbs....................................................................116

Test 4

Irregular verbs................................................................ 120

Section 1 – Reading Comprehension...................... 64

I livelli B1 e B2 del QCER............................................122

Section 2 – Listening Comprehension................... 69 Section 3 – Language in Use....................................... 71

Test 5

Tabelle di autovalutazione........................................125 *Questa sezione è complementare alle due precedenti ma non sarà presente nelle prove ufficiali.

Section 1 – Reading Comprehension....................... 72 Section 2 – Listening Comprehension.................... 76 Section 3 – Language in Use...................................... 78

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Introduzione Con questo testo vogliamo darti gli strumenti fondamentali per affrontare la sezione di inglese delle nuove Prove Nazionali Invalsi, introdotte dal Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione a partire dall’anno scolastico 2018-2019.

Troverai materiali reali ed interessanti e tematiche innovative.

Tutti i test possono essere svolti sia sul libro cartaceo che online, tramite un codice di accesso. Come è noto, le prove Invalsi si svolgeranno in modalità computer-based ed è quindi fondamentale allenarsi a rispondere ai quesiti utilizzando schermo, tastiera e cuffie.

MATERIALI I testi proposti nelle prove di Reading Comprehension coprono tre diversi livelli: B1, B1+ e B2.

I materiali delle prove di Listening preparano ad affrontare la parte di ascolto offrendoti una gamma di attività che ti abituano a sviluppare strategie e abilità.

Gli esercizi di Language in Use (che non saranno presenti nella prova ufficiale) sono importanti per aiutarti ad arricchire il lessico, allenarti alla comprensione dei testi, rivedere strutture linguistiche e risolvere dubbi.

Le fonti sono articoli adattati provenienti da riviste online o cartacee, materiali autentici (brochures, pubblicità), brani letterari o di carattere culturale e scientifico.

STRUTTURA E TIPOLOGIA DI TEST 1) Training Section with Tips La prima sezione, definita “di allenamento”, è dedicata a una serie di suggerimenti molto pratici riguardanti le strategie da mettere in atto in ogni singola tipologia di task. Per ogni task, inoltre, i suggerimenti sono specifici per la prova di lettura e per quella di ascolto. I test proposti in questa sezione ti allenano ad affrontare livelli progressivi di difficoltà (dal livello B1 al livello B2).

Le modalità di task proposte sono le seguenti: • Multiple matching (per le prove di Reading e Listening Comprehension); • Multiple choice (per le prove di Reading, Listening Comprehension e Language in Use); • Information completion (per le prove di Reading e Listening Comprehension); • Short open answer (per le prove di Reading e Listening Comprehension); • True/False/Not Given (per le prove di Reading e Listening Comprehension); • True/False with reasons (per le prove di Reading Comprehension); • Gapped text (per le prove di Reading Comprehension); • Open cloze (per le prove di Language in Use).

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Introduzione 2) Mock tests 8 test completi che costituiscono la vera e propria preparazione specialistica. In questa sezione potrai prendere confidenza con le caratteristiche specifiche di ogni prova e abbassare il livello di insicurezza che può caratterizzare coloro che affrontano test di nuova creazione.

In ogni test ci sono: • Due prove di Reading Comprehension con task diversi (uno B1 e uno B2); • Due prove di Listening Comprehension con task diversi (uno B1 e uno B2); • Una prova di Language in Use (B1 o B2).

Al termine di ogni test potrai registrare i tuoi risultati nella tabella proposta: READING B1

READING B2

LISTENING B1

LISTENING B2

LANGUAGE IN USE

TOTAL

……. / 8

……. / 8

……. / 8

……. / 8

……. / 8

……. / 40

Time ……

Time ……

Time ……

Time ……

L’uso della tabella è facoltativo, il suo scopo principale è permettere una precisa autovalutazione.

In particolare, l’indicazione del tempo impiegato per svolgere le prove è pensato per allenarti a gestire lo stress della prova combinato con la limitazione temporale imposta dalla modalità computer based.

3) Appendice In questa sezione si trovano: • Schede grammaticali sintetiche.

• Schede di Word building.

• Un elenco di Phrasal verbs.

• Un elenco di Irregular verbs.

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TRAINING SECTION WITH TIPS MULTIPLE MATCHING Cos’è - Multiple Matching consiste nell’abbinare alcune opzioni, che chiameremo quesiti, a un testo.

Listening Per effettuare con successo un’attività di listening, occorre seguire una tecnica ben precisa.

Leggi con cura i quesiti oppure, qualora ti venga chiesto di abbinare delle immagini, osservale tutte, in maniera da individuare l’argomento. Non temere se non capisci qualche parola. È normale, e farsi prendere dal panico è un errore che spesso compromette la comprensione orale.

Durante il primo ascolto, non guardare più il foglio con i quesiti, ma ascolta con attenzione; solo in questo modo ti concentrerai sul brano, su quello che senti, non su quello che vedi. Puoi anche chiudere gli occhi se lo desideri. Potrai così comprendere l’argomento e non perdere informazioni; sarai maggiormente rilassato per il secondo ascolto. Durante il secondo ascolto, vedrai che se hai seguito il nostro consiglio, riuscirai a selezionare subito la risposta corretta. Non selezionare una scelta solo perché senti pronunciare una parola presente nel quesito: molte volte, infatti, gli esaminatori inseriscono questo espediente che ti porta a selezionare in modo errato. Se senti una parola e la vedi scritta, nella maggior parte dei casi, NON è la risposta corretta, ma solo un distractor.

Dopo il secondo ascolto, se ancora ti restano dubbi, procedi per esclusione (per esempio, un quesito non è mai stato selezionato, quindi sicuramente sarà quello) e/o per logica (nel brano ascoltato si parlava di quello specifico argomento, anche se non hai capito proprio tutto).

Reading / Language in Use Per prima cosa, leggi due volte con estrema attenzione i testi proposti: la prima volta per uno skimming, ovvero per comprendere l’argomento generale dei testi (si tratta di sport, di musica, di arte?). La seconda volta per capire quali siano le particolari caratteristiche di ciascun testo (se, ad esempio, si sta parlando di scienze, qual è l’argomento specifico di ogni testo?).

Non preoccuparti se non capisci ogni singola parola. Nessuno possiede un vocabolario così completo da comprendere tutto. L’importante è dedurre dal contesto, ovvero individuare quale sia l’obiettivo del discorso e su cosa insista lo scrittore. Attento agli avverbi, alle negazioni, ai tempi verbali, ai soggetti.

Quando hai letto almeno due volte e ti sembra di aver capito ciascun testo molto bene, passa alla lettura dei quesiti. Non prima. Per ogni quesito cerca nei testi i possibili riferimenti, senza cadere nella trappola di scegliere la risposta solo se trovi la stessa parola presente nei quesiti. Se hai compreso i testi, vedrai che saprai abbinare nel modo corretto. Se sei in dubbio su un quesito, passa a quello successivo e tornaci in seguito.

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B1 Multiple matching LISTENING SAFETY ANNOUNCEMENTS 2

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Listen to a series of safety announcements in a train station. Match the announcements (1-7) to the correct picture (A-H). There is an extra picture. You will hear the recording twice. The first one is an example.

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B2 Multiple matching READING OUR LIVES WITH ROBOTS Read these five short excerpts about robots (A-E) and then match them to sentences 1-8.

The first one (0) is an example.

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A If you have seen the movie “Total Recall” with Arnold Schwarzenegger, you will certainly remember “Johnny Cab”, the robotic taxi driver who interacted with its passengers. That was of course science fiction, but today many car manufacturers are planning semiautonomous pilot systems to be installed in the cars of the future. They are packages of intelligent technology that assist the driver in adjusting a car’s speed around curves, changing lanes automatically, detecting risks and triggering emergency breaking. It goes without saying that the car would be equipped with remote parking assistance, which means that the drivers can get out of their cars and park them using their smartphones.

B In the case of a well-defined procedure, which does not need high cognitive tasks or continuous flexibility, robots have often replaced workers. But technological innovation is now developing at such a fast pace that cutting-edge algorithms do not confine robots to routine manufacturing labour. Especially when big data are available, it is possible to computerize almost any task. Consider translation programs: the United Nations possesses such a huge corpus of human-translated documents that an algorithm can be produced to perform this non-routine task almost as accurately as a human being.

C Sensors enable machines to produce goods with a higher reliability than man’s labour. In the case of food production, for example, robots can inspect, select and, if necessary, reject any item that does not comply with the required standards. This minimizes production time and optimizes efficiency. Human inspection would certainly take longer and the time taken would depend on the experience of the personnel. Moreover, computerisation makes it possible to analyse several characteristics of a product simultaneously, and the machine does not only act on an accept/discard basis, but decides what to do when more quality characteristics are recognized.

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D It is undoubtedly difficult to specify the psychological processes which underlie human creativity. What can humans do that robots cannot do? Write poems? Compose music?

Devise scientific theories? In principle, robots can do anything. But if machines are very good at performing mathematical operations, it is not always possible to express what you want them to do in mathematical terms, and ‘there’s the rub’. It is the process of going from the specific to the abstract which is challenging. Machines also have to learn and we must find a way to enable them to ‘deep-learn’. One of Google’s amazing AI projects has taught a machine to create poetry by auto-encoding sentences and this artificial brain generates poems that make sense and convey emotions.

E Can you imagine a day when super smart machines may pass judgement on you? Could Artificial Intelligence become so sophisticated as to threaten your freedom and pervade your life? Many scientists have warned about the possible dangers of robots. The science fiction movie ‘I, Robot’ reveals a world where humans are threatened by machines, which is of course just sci-fi, but there is some truth in it because there is the actual risk of an AI takeover in our everyday lives. Imagine a fridge with sensors that detect all your eating and drinking habits and keeps dispensing dietary advice the whole day long! Or a robot which can influence your political decisions. Or even a robot which has been designed to help you stave off loneliness but actually never stops talking….

Identify the excerpt in which…

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the writer speaks of a therapeutic function of machines.

E ...........

1.

the writer clearly mentions a circumstance in which human production must be first analysed for robots to be able to work.

...........

2.

the writer mentions a kind of technology which is not totally independent from humans and needs co-operation.

...........

3.

the writer mentions a kind of technology which is more trustworthy than a human being.

...........

4.

the writer insists that if robots cannot perform a duty it is man’s fault.

...........

5.

the writer mentions a circumstance when robots are not as perfect as humans.

...........

6.

the writer comments on the disturbing presence of a form of technology.

...........

7.

the writer refers to technology which may give you suggestions about what to eat.

...........

8.

the writer explicitly insists on the multi-task analytical skills of the robot.

...........

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MULTIPLE CHOICE Cos’è - Multiple choice consiste nella selezione di una parola o di una frase su una rosa di quattro opzioni.

Reading / Language in Use Ti consigliamo di leggere con estrema cura il testo che ti viene proposto, poiché 1) è possibile che la parola da inserire/la scelta da effettuare compaiano già in un’altra parte del testo; 2) il contesto ti aiuta già adesso a ipotizzare la possibile opzione (vedrai che qualche volta riesci a inserire la selezione giusta prima ancora di vedere le opzioni).

Inserisci la tua scelta e poi prova a rileggere il testo per vedere se la versione definitiva risulta coerente; se hai dubbi, procedi sempre per esclusione in questa sezione. Rimanendo con due opzioni è più facile capire quale è quella corretta.

Listening Per prima cosa, leggi i quesiti con molta attenzione. Noterai subito di cosa si parla e la logica dei quesiti. Saprai quindi individuare quali siano gli elementi sui quali dovrai puntare.

I quesiti sono nello stesso ordine delle informazioni che sentirai, quindi procedi concentrandoti solo sulla registrazione. Dopo il primo ascolto, vedrai che riuscirai già a effettuare alcune scelte. Durante il secondo ascolto, segui ciascun quesito in ordine e concentrati maggiormente su quelli che ti restano da selezionare. Con tranquillità, senza panico. Vedrai che la logica del contesto e un ascolto rilassato ti permetteranno di trovare le soluzioni più facilmente. Se ti dovesse restare ancora un dubbio, escludi le scelte improbabili e opta per la scelta più ovvia tra due.

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B1 Multiple choice LANGUAGE IN USE DORSET APPLE CAKE Read this recipe and choose the correct option (A, B, C or D) to fill in the blanks (1-7).

The first one (0) is an example.

self -raising flour • 225g/8oz (0) ..........

• 115g/4oz butter or margarine • (1) ................. of salt • 450g/1 lb apples • 115g/4oz caster sugar • • 1 egg • 1-2 tablespoons of milk • 50g/2oz currants or raisins • A pinch of cinnamon or mixed spice, (2) ..................... is preferred • Demerara sugar to sprinkle on top • Pre-heat the oven to 180°C/ 350°F/Gas Mark 4 (3) .......... the flour and salt into a bowl. Rub in the butter or margarine until the mixture resembles breadcrumbs. Peel, core and chop the apples into small pieces and add (4) .......... the mixture, and then add the dried fruit, sugar and cinnamon or mixed spice.

Beat the egg with the milk, and add to the mixture. Mix it all together well, forming a firm dough, and place it in a greased 20cm (8 inch) round cake (5) .......... Sprinkle the top with demerara sugar, and bake in the pre-heated oven for about 1 hour. This can be eaten either cold or hot, with the slices split, open and spread (6) .......... butter.

It also (7) ............... a delicious pudding, served hot with cream, custard or ice-cream.

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2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

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A. c auto A. c a cup A. c whichever A. c Melt A. c to A. c dish A. c of A. c makes

B. c up B. c a bag B. c any B. c Sift B. c in B. c saucepan B. c in B. c bakes

c self C. X C. c a handful C. c if C. c Cut C. c with C. c tray C. c with C. c does

D. c speed D. c a pinch D. c that D. c Season D. c for D. c tin D. c by D. c has

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B2 Multiple choice LISTENING AT THE MUSEUM 3

Mark and Jane are walking around a crowded room and they are trying to look at some pictures. Listen to their dialogue and choose the correct answer (A, B, C or D) for questions 1-7. Only one answer is correct. You will hear the recording twice. The first one (0) is an example.

0 We can deduce that Mark and Jane are: A. c brother and sister.

B. c close friends.

C. c two parents of two students. c husband and wife.

D. X

1. Mark’s words at the beginning of the dialogue indicate clearly that: A. c he is unkindly elbowing his way through the crowd who blocks his way.

B. c other people find that he is causing a great deal of annoyance.

C. c he is producing a lot of unnecessary disturbance.

D. c he is trying to make his way with difficulty through the crowd.

2. What are Mark and Jane doing?

A. c They are visiting a famous art gallery.

B. c They are attending an exhibition of Roman artefacts.

C. c They are special guests at a reception for a well-known artist.

D. c They are looking at students’ work in a College of Art.

3. When Jane says “Oh, my!”, she wants to express: A. c surprise.

B. c inability to understand what Mark is saying.

C. c that she has forgotten something.

D. c that she is horrified.

A2 B2

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4. Jane says she absolutely will have to go to an optician’s because: A. c she can’t read the caption under the pictures.

B. c she finds it difficult to capture the details of one of the pictures.

C. c the bright colours of one of the pictures dazzle her.

D. c she is certain that her eyes must be deceiving her.

5. When Jane asks Mark if the black-ink picture is David’s work, she is hoping: A. c that it is not.

B. c that it is.

C. c to get to know the real name of the artist.

D. c to get informed about the value of the picture.

6. Mark’s reaction to the ‘Green Fields’ picture is one of: A. c great liking.

B. c disgust.

C. c scorn.

D. c amusement.

7. What type of picture has David painted?

A. c A monochromatic picture of a woman.

B. c An original portrait of a man.

C. c A satirical portrait of a politician.

D. c A self-portrait in the style of Van Gogh.

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INFORMATION COMPLETION Cos’è - Information Completion consiste nel completamento di uno schema, mappa o tabella con le informazioni estrapolate in maniera diretta o per inferenza dal testo letto o ascoltato. Quest’ultimo può essere di varia natura (pubblicità, email, articolo, ricetta…).

Per questo esercizio è importante capire la logica di un testo, sia nel caso di una reading che nel caso di una listening. Per questo motivo ti consigliamo di leggere prima lo schema o la tabella così come la vedi, ovvero con i gaps, le parti mancanti. Questa prima lettura ti permette di individuare l’argomento. Attento alle strutture: spesso una preposizione fa la differenza!

Reading Nel caso di una reading, leggi con attenzione il brano e non escludere nessuna informazione, in qualunque posizione essa sia. Trattandosi di schemi o tabelle da riempire non è detto che i dati mancanti si trovino nell’ordine proposto dal testo.

Listening Nel caso di una listening activity, ascolta una prima volta, come di consueto, concentrandoti su quello che senti e cerca di individuare solo le scelte che secondo te sono sicuramente corrette. Non partire dal primo gap necessariamente; parti dalle certezze. Facendo come ti suggeriamo, vedrai che ti rimarranno solo pochissimi gaps incerti. Poi ascolta una seconda volta.

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B1 Information completion READING FOREIGN INVASIONS OF BRITAIN Read the text about the invasions of Britain. Fill in the mind map with information from the text (1-12). The first one (0) is an example.

The Romans Julius Caesar led a Roman invasion of Britain in 55 BC. This was unsuccessful and for nearly 100 years Britain remained separate from the Roman Empire. In AD 43 the Emperor Claudius led the Roman army in a new invasion. This time, there was resistance from some of the British.

5 Areas of what is now Scotland were never conquered by the Romans, and the Emperor Hadrian built a wall in the north of England to keep out the Picts (ancestors of the Scottish people). Included in the wall were a number of forts.

The Romans remained in Britain for 400 years. They built roads and public buildings, created a structure of law, and introduced new plants and animals. It was during the 3rd 10 and 4th centuries AD that the first Christian communities began to appear in Britain.

The Anglo-Saxons The Roman army left Britain in AD 410 to defend other parts of the Roman Empire and never returned.

Britain was again invaded by tribes from northern Europe: the Jutes, the Angles and the Saxons. The languages they spoke are the basis of modern-day English. Battles 15 were fought against these invaders but, by about AD 600, Anglo-Saxon kingdoms were established in Britain.

The Anglo-Saxons were not Christian when they first came to Britain but, during this period, missionaries came to Britain to preach about Christianity. Missionaries from Ireland spread the religion in the north. The most famous of these were St Patrick, 20 who would become the patron saint of Ireland, and St Columba, who founded a monastery on the island of Iona, off the coast of what is now Scotland. St Augustine led missionaries from Rome, who spread Christianity in the South. St Augustine became the first Archbishop of Canterbury.

The Vikings The Vikings came from Denmark and Norway. They first visited Britain in AD 789 to 25 raid coastal towns and take away goods and slaves. Then, they began to stay and form their own communities in the east of England and Scotland. The Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in England united under King Alfred the Great, who defeated the Vikings. Many of the Viking invaders stayed in Britain – especially in the east and north of England, the Viking settlers mixed with local communities and some converted to Christianity.

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The Normans 30 In 1066, an invasion led by William, the Duke of Normandy (in what is now Northern France), defeated Harold II, the Anglo-Saxon king of England, at the Battle of Hastings.

Harold II was killed in the battle. William became king of England and is known as William the Conqueror. The battle is commemorated in a great piece of embroidery, known as the Bayeux Tapestry, which can still be seen in France today.

35 The Norman Conquest was the last successful foreign invasion of England and led to many changes in government and social structures in England. Norman French, the language of the new ruling class, influenced the development of the English language as we know it today. Initially the Normans also conquered Wales, even though the Welsh gradually won territory back. The Scots and the Normans fought on the border between England and 40 Scotland; the Normans took over some land on the border but did not invade Scotland.

It was the Norman Conquest that really cemented the power of the church in England.

William the Conqueror implemented a colossal building project at both monastic and parish levels. In Winchester, for example, the old Saxon Minster made way for a new Norman building. These new stone churches continued to play a central role in 45 community life: they acted as schools, market places and entertainment venues.

Length of the dominion:

400 years (or 455 years) 0) ......................................................................

The Romans

Foreign invasions of Britain

The AngloSaxons

Leaders involved: 1) .......................................................................

2) .......................................................................

3) .......................................................................

Leaders: 4) .......................................................................

5) .......................................................................

Start of effective dominion: 6) .......................................................................

The Vikings

Areas under Viking rule: 7) .......................................................................

8) .......................................................................

9) .......................................................................

Countries invaded by the Normans: 10) .....................................................................

11) .....................................................................

The Normans Artwork representing the Norman Conquest of Britain: 12) .....................................................................

B1

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B2 Information completion LISTENING HOW TO GET A GREEN CARD IN THE USA 4

Listen to the interview and fill in the chart with the missing information (1-7). You will hear the recording twice. The first one (0) is an example.

Popular Name:

Real Name:

Green Card

Permanent Resident Card (0) …….....…….….

Can I apply for a green card just because I live in the Usa? (1) YES c

NO c

What are the most common ways to apply for a green card?

• (2) ……………………………. (but you must have a permanent job offer from a US company) • FAMILY : a) (3) ……….......…. .…. can sponsor their parents, spouse, siblings and children.

b) Green card holders can only sponsor their spouse and (4) ……….......….….

How long do you have to wait on average to get your green card in the case of marriage?

(5) ……….......….….

What if I’m not a resident in the U.S.?

• VISA LOTTERY (6) (there are ……….......….…. cards available every year) • ASYLUM OR REFUGEE CLAIM • VICTIM OF ABUSE (7) (………………….. …………………. green card)

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SHORT OPEN ANSWER Cos’è – Short Open Answer prevede una risposta brevissima (di solito da una a quattro parole oppure numeri). Essa è spesso in forma esplicita nel testo che leggi o che ascolti, ma a volte dovrai dedurla dal contesto.

Listening Come di consueto ti suggeriamo di leggere prima di tutto le domande con molta attenzione.

Vedrai che riesci a predire di cosa si sta parlando e forse anche qualche risposta. Durante il primo ascolto concentrati solo su quello che senti, poi prova a rispondere e, nel corso del secondo ascolto, completa le tue risposte.

Nel caso in cui tu non riuscissi a comprendere una parola, non preoccuparti, perché forse non riguarda le domande. Se invece devi inserirla necessariamente nella tua risposta, scrivi qualcosa in ogni caso, perché non sono previste ulteriori penalità se commetti un errore.

Non farti prendere dal panico se ti sembra che la pronuncia del parlante sia inconsueta: rilassati e cerca di seguire il senso e vedrai che riuscirai a “tune in”, ovvero a “sintonizzarti” dopo pochi istanti.

Reading / Language in Use Il testo che ti viene proposto riguarda un argomento specifico e conterrà un messaggio/ più messaggi molto chiari. Se riesci ad individuare il senso e lo scopo (più che la sostanza grammaticale) del testo, sei a buon punto. Dopo una prima lettura del brano, leggi le domande. Sicuramente sei già in grado di rispondere ad alcune di esse; solitamente le risposte brevi sono semplici e dirette, quindi usa forme lineari, non complesse, non superare il numero di parole richieste e attieniti alla domanda. La seconda lettura può essere solo parziale (scanning), alla ricerca dell’informazione richiesta. Non perdere tempo a rileggere tutto; va subito alla parte che ti interessa.

Si può trattare di un’informazione specifica oppure di una short answer, del tipo “Yes, they do”. In quest’ultimo caso, utilizza soggetto e ausiliare in maniera corretta.

Non ti preoccupare se ti sembra che ci siano due o più modi di rispondere alla stessa domanda. Può succedere; in quel caso, scegline uno solo. Non è previsto che tu inserisca due alternative.

nineteen

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B1 Short open answers LISTENING MY SCHOOL YEAR ABROAD 5

20

Listen to Josh talking about his exchange year in Finland, twenty years ago. While listening, answer questions 1-7 with no more than 4 words or numbers. You will hear the recording twice. The first one (0) is an example.

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0

When did Josh leave Finland?

July 16th 1998 ...............................................................

1.

What were the only things Josh knew about Finland before leaving?

...............................................................

2.

How did he feel at the beginning of his experience?

...............................................................

3.

How old was he when he left for Finland?

...............................................................

4.

What was one of his aims?

...............................................................

5.

Why did he find Finnish school difficult?

...............................................................

6.

How does he describe Finnish people around him?

...............................................................

7.

How does he feel towards the AFS organization?

...............................................................

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B2 Short open answers READING UP IN HARLEM Read the text and answer the questions (1-8) with no more than 4 words or numbers. The first one (0) is an example.

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Although this is poorly documented, there seems to have been many European explorers arriving in Harlem, New York City, in the sixteenth century. There was certainly a Dutch farming settlement in the seventeenth century and Harlem became a destination for Jewish and Italian immigrants in the nineteenth. The area, which today is called Spanish Harlem, was mostly Italian and, contrarily to what is commonly believed, African-Americans arrived much earlier. They had already settled in uptown-Harlem in 1630, before the Civil War, with schools and churches. Harlem was and has always been a racially diverse neighbourhood.

Harlem was originally named Niew Haarlem, after the city of Haarlem in the Netherlands.

These two cities share a name and a piece of history as the city was founded by Dutch settlers; when the British took government in 1664, they changed the name to Lancaster, and this remained its name until the Revolutionary War, but it never really stuck, so they anglicized the original one to Harlem. The neighbourhood Harlem did not officially become part of New York City until 1873, not much before Brooklyn became part of the city.

It is difficult to say where Harlem begins and ends, even though there is a saying in New York that “wherever black people live uptown, that’s Harlem”. The very first American victory against the English was fought here. Washington described it as a small skirmish, but it was a very important psychological victory, the first by the Americans over the colonial power.

Harlem is also remembered for its famous inhabitants: Edgar Allan Poe lived there, Charles Dickens visited. It was a tourist destination because of its natural beauties; away from the contemporary dirt, squalor and epidemics of downtown New York City, people would go to green Harlem. It became predominantly black in the 1920s and a cultural centre: jazz bars, nightclubs, theatres, with mostly black entertainers and a white public. This was the Harlem Renaissance with a huge number of extraordinarily talented poets, musicians and painters who rose to prominence in American culture.

The Great Depression hit Harlem very hard and the whole community suffered for decades.

Today there have been significant attempts to change things in Harlem. Not just a new contemporary restaurant culture but genuine social and economic development. The “Harlem Children’s Project”, for example, has been attempting to combat poverty and help Harlem thrive, thanks to innovative programs of education, prevention, health, housing and recreation. The organizers are proud to say that they brought fresh fruit to children who “had never seen a fresh peach in their lives”.

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0

Do we have a lot of information about the origins of Harlem?

No, we don’t. ...............................................................

1.

Who settled first in Harlem?

...............................................................

2.

Who settled together with Italians?

...............................................................

3.

Who anglicized Haarlem to Harlem?

...............................................................

4.

Where did the first victory against the British take place?

...............................................................

5.

Why was Harlem considered a tourist destination?

...............................................................

6.

What is the name of the cultural revival of the 1920s?

...............................................................

7.

What stopped the cultural prosperity of Harlem?

...............................................................

8.

What is the primary purpose of the “Harlem Children’s Project”?

...............................................................

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TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN Cos’è - Si tratta di selezionare la giusta opzione tra True/False/Not given. Se l’informazione non appare nei testi letti o ascoltati, è necessario selezionare Not given.

Reading / Language in Use and Listening Ti consigliamo di seguire questi passi: 1) individuare se l’informazione viene fornita oppure no; 2) se viene fornita, decidere se è vera o falsa.

Il primo punto risulta spesso insidioso, perché gli studenti sono abituati a scegliere tra True e False, non a capire se un’informazione è presente nel testo.

True significa che il testo conferma esattamente quanto affermato nel quesito.

False lo contraddice chiaramente.

Not given significa che il testo non fornisce assolutamente quella informazione e quindi è impossibile decidere se sia True o False. Questo test contiene dati fattuali, non opinioni, quindi non ti preoccupare. Ti consigliamo solo di esercitarti un po’ di più.

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B1 True/False/Not given READING INFORMATION FOR VISITORS TO UKIC HEADQUARTERS Read this leaflet and the statements (1-7) below. Choose True, False or Not given. The first one (0) is an example.

WELCOME TO THE HEADQUARTERS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM INSURANCE COMPANY THIS LEAFLET EXPLAINS UKIC’S GENERAL SAFETY AND SECURITY RULES

RECEPTION • All visitors to UKIC HQ must report to reception (main entrance).

• State the name of the person expecting you.

• That person will be contacted and informed of your arrival.

• Hand in your ID to the receptionist.

• You will be given a personal badge.

• Please wait in reception until the staff member arrives.

• If you are participating in a meeting, proceed straight to the meeting room.

• Enter and leave the building by badging in and out at the entrance barrier.

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BADGES MUST BE WORN AT ALL TIMES

Badges must be worn visibly at all times while you are on HQ premises. Spot checks may be carried out by security guards.

MOVEMENTS • Visitors’ movements inside the building are restricted, unless they are accompanied by a UKIC staff member.

• Outside meeting rooms, visiting participants’ movements inside the building are restricted, unless they are accompanied by the person in charge of the meeting.

• All visitors must obey the general safety and security instructions in force at HQ and pay attention to warning notices.

• Visitors having meals in the restaurant are asked to show their badges on paying at the till.

THE UNITED KINGDOM INSURANCE COMPANY IS A NO-SMOKING ORGANISATION ON LEAVING • On leaving, report to reception and hand in your badge.

• You ID will be returned to you.

• Check that the ID is yours.

• Check that you have not left anything behind.

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SAFETY/SECURITY

Visitors must obey HQ security instructions.

Visitors are responsible for personal belongings and equipment entrusted to them.

Under no circumstances should such items be left unattended.

The UNITED KINGDOM INSURANCE COMPANY will not be liable for any loss or theft of items/ money belonging to visitors.

If you have a problem or need assistance the SECURITY SERVICE is at your disposal.

Dial 55555 from any HQ telephone.

B1

True

False

Not given

0

The headquarters are located in London.

c

c

c X

1.

This leaflet helps you find your way inside the HQ.

c

c

c

2.

While visiting the premises always keep your ID with you.

c

c

c

3.

During your visit you can be asked to show your credentials.

c

c

c

4.

It is forbidden to move around the building on your own.

c

c

c

5.

Visitors cannot take picture of the premises.

c

c

c

6.

Lunch at UKIC is free.

c

c

c

7.

UKIC is not in charge of keeping your property under surveillance.

c

c

c

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B2 True/False/Not given

LISTENING

RELAXING CORNISH SPA BREAK 6

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Listen to the advertisement of a spa hotel in Cornwall and decide if the information below (1-7) is True, False or Not given. You will hear the recording twice. The first one (0) is an example.

True

False

Not given

0

The hotel is on the Cornish coast.

c

c X

c

1.

If you own a dog you can take him/her with you to the hotel.

c

c

c

2.

There’s an outdoor swimming pool.

c

c

c

3.

The restaurant faces the swimming pool.

c

c

c

4.

The customers can have very different backgrounds.

c

c

c

5.

There are interesting excursions at a very short distance.

c

c

c

6.

If you plan to stay just for a weekend don’t use public transport.

c

c

c

7.

The spa treatment is included in the price of the room.

c

c

c

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TRUE/FALSE WITH REASONS Reading / Language in Use Cos’è - Si tratta del classico True/False con l’aggiunta delle motivazioni della scelta.

Questo esercizio si compone quindi di due fasi: 1) decidere se l’affermazione (statement) è corretta (True, T), oppure no (False, F); 2) trovare nel testo le parole che iniziano la frase che avvalora la tua scelta.

Nel testo ci può essere una sola scelta, oppure più d’una; scegli quella che più ti sembra confermi la tua idea. Ricorda che molti True/False with reasons richiedono l’inserimento di solo 4 parole dal testo.

Per prima cosa, leggi con attenzione il brano. Anche in questo caso, non preoccuparti se non conosci tutte le parole. Poi leggi i quesiti e ricordati che seguono l’ordine del testo.

Individua nel testo originale la sezione interessata dal quesito e leggi attentamente individuando le insidie. Ogni parte della domanda deve essere vera perché la frase sia True. Sta’ molto attento a parole quali never, sometimes, all, absolutely, ecc., che possono essere ingannevoli. Attento alle frasi negative perché anch’esse possono confonderti.

Quando hai deciso per T oppure F, seleziona le prime 4 parole della frase che avvalora la tua scelta. In molti casi ti chiedono spesso di inserire le parole che iniziano una frase, non le parole che confermano la scelta, e per questo leggi sempre l’intestazione e l’esempio che ti vengono forniti in questa specifica sezione.

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B1+ True/False with reasons READING CLIMATE CHANGES Read the text and decide if the statements (1-8) are True (T) or False (F) and put a T or an F in the first box. Then identify the most logical sentence in the text to support your decision and write the first 4 words of this sentence in the second box. There may be more than one justification; write only one in the box. The first one (0) is an example.

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When Ernest Shackleton arrived at the South Pole in 1908, he found something totally unexpected: he scaled the gigantic Beardmore glacier on the edge of the polar plateau and discovered seams of coal in the middle of the ice and snow. He even found fossilized wood from coniferous trees. He concluded that Antarctica had been warm and filled with forests! How was this possible?

In 1912, a German polar researcher, Alfred Wegener, put forward a theory, called the theory of the continental drift, which explained the mild climate: Antarctica was once much closer to the Equator.

Nevertheless, the fossilized wood Shackleton and his men discovered dated back 250 million years, when Antarctica was almost as close to the Equator as it is today; and Antarctica reached its current position about 100 million years before. Moreover, when Antarctica was ice-free, the Arctic Ocean was an immense freshwater lake inhabited by prehistoric reptiles. What caused such high temperatures for millions of years? And if Antarctica and the Arctic were so warm, what were the tropics like then? Well, tropical waters were not much hotter than they are today.

Today, the Earth’s climate is in an “icehouse” phase, believe it or not. Polar ice is not extensive, true, but some ice has remained. However, before 34 million years ago, the Earth’s climate went through a long “hothouse” phase with no ice at all. The sea level rose to more than 70 metres higher than it is today, and this period lasted from about 100 million to 50 million years ago.

How do we explain a freshwater Arctic Ocean? As recently as 50 million years ago, its surface was different because this ocean was partially isolated from the other oceans, and fresh water from the rivers floated on the surface, on top of much denser salt water.

Just imagine! 55 million years ago the temperature of its surface water rose to about 23°C! The only two possible explanations are: 1) ocean currents transported the heat of the tropics towards the poles; 2) high volcanic activities kept CO2 levels high and this is seen in the bubbles of air entrapped in the ice.

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0

Shackleton found a confirmation of his theories in Antarctica.

F

he found something totally

1. When he found fossilized trees, Shackleton concluded that the two poles had once

been warm.

2. The fossils that Shackleton found dated back to the time when Antarctica was closer

to the Equator than it is today.

3. Antarctica drifted southwards.

4. The Arctic Ocean was not totally salty in prehistoric times.

5. The Poles and the tropics were much warmer than they are today.

6. 50 million years ago some territories were covered with water.

7. The Arctic Ocean contained freshwater coming from other oceans.

8. CO2 was found in the fossilized trees in Antarctica.

B1+

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B2 True/False with reasons READING CURIOUS ABOUT MONARCHY Read the text and decide if the statements (1-8) are True (T) or False (F) and put a T or F in the first box. Then identify the most logical sentence in the text to support your decision and write the first 4 words of this sentence in the second box. There may be more than one justification; write only one in the box. The first one (0) is an example.

Henry VIII, a sensitive king King Henry VIII is remembered by most as the king who beheaded wives and indulged in impressive feats of gluttony. Few know, however, that he loved music and was a talented composer. In fact, he created his own music, and music was written in his 5 honour: in the British Library in London the so-called ‘Henry VIII’s Manuscript’ is a collection of more than 100 musical compositions, by him and others. He also possessed a beautiful illuminated personal Choir Book, which was given to him and his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. The Choir Book opens with a sort of epic poem celebrating the king and his new reign. On the second page there are two Tudor roses, 10 each surrounded by musical notation. Nowadays, this music is rarely performed and has never been recorded. It reveals a very different king; not a lethal, ill-tempered tyrant, but a Renaissance Prince and virtuoso. The book includes Church music, meant to facilitate meditation and prayer, but there are many songs about love and hunting, too.

Charles II, a venerated king 15 King Charles II returned to London after the Civil War and Cromwell’s failed Protectorate. With him, the Restoration meant a return to Elizabethan times in terms of the relationship between the king and Parliament: many of the institutions survive in modern Britain. The “multiple monarchy” was restored: Charles II was king of England and Wales, Scotland and Ireland. He became popular all over the country, although he 20 was the son of a king who had been executed by the English themselves. Cleverly, with the ‘Declaration of Breda’, Charles II offered a general amnesty to the people who had committed crimes during the Civil War and then repented, with the sole exception of the regicides. Behind this was a genuine desire to bring the British people over to his side, beginning a new era characterized by an extraordinary cult of the monarchy, fostered in 25 churches, in the streets and through poetry. The king was like the biblical King David or Augustus Caesar of Rome. He was believed to cure diseases, too, via the ‘Touch Piece’, a sort of medallion with the king’s effigy that could be touched to ward off sicknesses.

Queen Victoria and photography Queen Victoria’s husband, Albert, a visionary progressive with liberal ideas, promoted 30 photography in the first half of the 19th century. But at that time the sitter had to remain motionless for a long time. Hence the feeling of formality and stiffness in the pose of Queen Victoria in most pictures. In spite of this, photographs tell us a great deal 30

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about the personality of Victoria, which is not apparent in official images. Like her husband, she had a passion for photography and loved to carry around a small informal photograph of him or of them together in her dress pocket. This was like the miniature paintings in Renaissance times. A camera does not lie, whereas in a painting reality can be manipulated: most of Victoria’s pictures speak of an intimate, domestic, affectionate relationship between her and Albert. Historians say that she had a picture of herself placed in her husband’s hands when he was laid out in his coffin. He was buried holding that photograph. Evidently, she was going to miss Albert’s arms around her. Not the gesture of a queen, but of a woman.

0

Henry VIII was famous for eating a lot.

T

indulged in impressive feats

1. He wrote more than 100 compositions.

2. Henry VIII’s Choir Book did not only contain music.

3. The music in the Choir Book is Church music.

4. Charles II was not inspired by previous monarchs.

5. Charles II acted in such a way as to be accepted by the English.

6. King Charles II was a sort of doctor who could cure people.

7. Queen Victoria had to stand motionless for a long time to be photographed.

8. Victoria’s photographs were manipulated, like paintings.

B2

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GAPPED TEXT Cos’è - È un testo con alcuni gaps da riempire. A ciascun gap corrisponde un’unica scelta che devi selezionare tra quelle fornite. Solitamente un’opzione è extra e da eliminare.

Reading / Language in Use Leggi il titolo e il testo con la consueta attenzione. In questo modo capirai di cosa si stia parlando. Poi leggi le scelte disponibili. Le parti da inserire dovranno assolutamente adeguarsi al significato del contesto. Dovrai quindi capire le frasi che precedono e quelle che seguono il gap.

Inizia a selezionare quelle che sono sicuramente corrette, non iniziare dal primo gap necessariamente! In questo modo, se troverai qualche difficoltà, potrai procedere per esclusione. Quando hai completato la tua selezione, devi rileggere il testo intero per vedere se ha coerenza e coesione. Se sei partito dalle scelte sicuramente corrette, dovresti arrivare a un testo valido. Se ti pare che ci sia qualche incongruenza, prova a sostituire la parte poco convincente con l’opzione che avevi escluso. Se proprio ancora non funziona, devi ricominciare dal principio.

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B1 Gapped text READING TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF NATURAL BEAUTY Read the articles about Emma Webley and Alessandra Ambrosio and complete them.

Choose from sentences A-H which fit gaps 1-6. There is one extra sentence. The first one (0) is an example.

EMMA WEBLEY, 25, management consultant from London D I was the first in my class to My body is amazing because I’m an all-natural woman. (0) .......... wear a bra. It made me feel “different”, so I did my best to hide it.

It was hard, but that changed when I was 13 and I moved to secondary school. (1) ......... My 5 family helped. There are a lot of strong women around me – my mum, aunties, grandma and cousins – and they always say “Don’t be thinner, be healthier”. They never made me feel under pressure to adhere to a certain look. (2) ......... .

As a result, I’ve been body-confident most of my life. I never hide when I’m at the gym or getting ready for a night out with friends. It’s a shame when people think they have to cover up; 10 it shows they have low self-esteem.

I try to be a good role model for my younger half-siblings too. I want them to know you don’t need to worry about the way you look. Today everybody wants to be like the women you see on Instagram. But there’s no point doing that or struggling for “perfection”, because I think that “perfection” does not exist. (3) ......... .

15 I know that a lot of people want to improve their image, but being confident and happy is what the world notices, not your shape. I’m all-natural and proud to love every inch of my curvy body.

ALESSANDRA AMBROSIO, 35, Fashion model from Brazil Alessandra was a finalist in the 1996 Elite Model Look competition in Brazil, and she was quickly pushed onto the international catwalk and magazine covers.

20 “Being a model, for me, is so natural. (4) ......... . I don’t have to be thinking to do that.” When Alessandra was growing up, her hardworking parents, who own a petrol station, sacrificed everything for their two girls. Enrolling her in modelling classes aged 12 and putting her younger sister, Aline, through law school. Now it’s time for Alessandra to give back. An ambassador for the National Multiple Sclerosis Societies in the US and Brazil, she grew up watching her father, 25 Luiz, debilitated by the disease. “We’re always trying to find things that will cure the disease, and I’ll do anything to help and support this charity”.

And what about her incredibly perfect body? “(5) ........., but I don’t deny myself anything”.

Alessandra seems oblivious to the effect she has on people, but it’s easy to imagine other parents gazing at her when she picks up her daughter from school. “I don’t know if they flirt with me”, 30 she says looking surprised at the idea. “(6) .........”.

Undoubtedly, she is one of the world’s sexiest women, but she doesn’t require make up and expensive couture to make her feel attractive. “In Brazil we love being natural, drinking coconut water, and being healthy and eating fresh food”. (adapted from “Cosmopolitan”)

B1

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A

I can do that with my eyes closed.

........................

B

I realised being different isn’t such a bad thing.

........................

C

If a guy is looking at me, I just ignore him.

........................

D

I’ve always been curvy.

0 ........................

E

You are already amazing.

........................

F

It was a new beginning.

........................

G

Who knows about the future?

........................

H

I stay slim by eating small portions.

........................

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B2 Gapped text READING THE ENERGY ROLLER COASTER Read the article and complete it with the sentences below. Choose from sentences A-I which fit gaps 1-7. There is one extra sentence. The first one (0) is an example.

What happens to your body during the day?

5

7.00 a.m.

While some people bounce out of bed, others sleepily hit the snooze button. Continuously.

C But don’t despair, help is at hand. Open the curtains and get some natural light. (0) .........

Next, use a mint-scented shower gel, as studies suggest that the smell of mint helps to wake you up.

8.00 a.m.

We know you’ve heard this before, but you must eat breakfast if you want to help maximise your energy throughout the day. To power things up, try a bowl of iron-fortified 10 cereal. Reduced iron levels (1) ......... , and ‘a quarter of women in the UK have iron levels below the lowest recommended nutrient intake, putting them at risk of deficiency,’ says Boots nutritionist Vicky Pennington. Not a fan of cereal? Wholemeal toast with a proteinand-iron-packed egg can help keep you going until lunch.

11.00 a.m.

15 By mid-morning, you should have lots of energy, but don’t forget to check in with your body. ‘If you’re feeling sleepy, it’s usually a sign that something in your lifestyle could be affecting your levels,’ says Dr Stanley. If you have other symptoms, such as low mood, weight gain and extreme thirst, for example, get checked out. If it’s just fatigue, you might be eating foods or having drinks that disrupt your levels. For instance, (2) ......... , 20 then fall rapidly.

B2

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1.00 p.m. – 4.00 p.m.

Research shows that 2.16 p.m. is when most of us have an energy dip, but other studies have found that it can happen any time between 1 p.m. and 4 p.m. While it’s normal to slow down at this time, (3) ......... . You should opt for a small portion of wholegrain 25 carbohydrates (brown rice or whole wheat pasta) with some lean protein (chicken, fish or meat) and fruit or vegetables to help balance blood-sugar levels.

6.00 p.m. – 7.00 p.m.

At this point in the evening you should still feel as though you have plenty of energy.

‘Enough to go to the gym, see friends or play with your children,’ says physiologist Dr 30 Nerina Ramlakhan from the Sleep and Energy Group at London’s Nightingale Hospital.

However, if that’s not the case, she says that you’re either working too hard or not resting enough during the day and fighting your body’s rhythm. ‘We’re designed to rest every 90 minutes. lgnore that and you’ll be drained by the end of the day.’ So set an alarm on your phone to beep every 90 minutes, then (4) ......... (it’s the perfect excuse to make yourself a 35 cup of tea or coffee) or find somewhere to sit quietly even if it’s just in the loo! And take some deep, calming breaths. (5) ......... .

9.00 p.m. – 11.00 p.m.

Most of us feel that it’s time for bed. Which is exactly what’s supposed to happen. But if you’re still wide awake, (6) ......... ‘The blue light from devices such as phones and iPads 40 stops us producing the melatonin we need to help us fall asleep,’ says Dr Ramlakhan.

(7) ......... . Researchers have found that if you dim the screen and hold it about 14in (35cm) away from your face, you help stop the melatonin-blocking effects.

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B2

A

caffeine and sugary drinks can cause energy to peak

........................

B

It’ll be worth it

........................

C

This switches off the production of sleep hormones

0 ........................

D

it might be time for a tech makeover

........................

E

and don’t forget to drink some water

........................

F

what you’ve eaten can be very important

........................

G

You needn’t switch off totally, though

........................

H

take a short walk to stretch your legs

........................

I

can leave you feeling low on energy

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TRAINING SECTION WITH TIPS

OPEN CLOZE Cos’è - Si tratta di un testo con una sola parola mancante, da inserire in un gap. Non ti viene fornita una scelta. Devi trovarla tu.

Reading / Language in Use Leggi il testo e vedrai che se hai una certa dimestichezza con varie tipologie di testi riuscirai fin dalla prima lettura a completare alcuni gaps. Se allenato, il nostro cervello è infatti abituato - anche in assenza di alcuni termini - a capire contesti, riconoscere strutture, individuare collocations, ovvero combinazioni stabili all’interno di una lingua (to be good at, to become aware of, to do the shopping, ecc.). Questa attività richiede dimestichezza con le specifiche strutture della lingua inglese e per questo ti suggeriamo di leggere varie tipologie di testi, che puoi trovare anche online. Anche uno spelling corretto è fondamentale in questo caso.

Talvolta ci può essere più di una alternativa, ma tu dovrai inserirne solo una. Non spaventarti se non conosci alcune parole o strutture all’interno del testo. Prova a leggere, immaginando di leggere a voce alta, e cerca di sfruttare il tuo orecchio per la lingua; non serve essere parlanti nativi per averlo. Vedrai che le strutture che devi completare o inserire saranno strutture che hai già sentite o viste.

Quando hai completato l’esercizio rileggi il testo e controlla che le parole che hai inserito non abbiano alterato il significato del testo.

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TRAINING SECTION WITH TIPS

B1 Open cloze LANGUAGE IN USE TEA MANIA Fill in the gaps (1-8) with the word that best fits. The first one (0) is an example.

for Have you ever heard the saying “I’d die (0) ................... a cup of tea?” In October 1747, 60 smugglers risked life and limb when they organized an armed robbery at a customs house, taking away a couple of tonnes of tea, leaving behind 39 casks of rum and brandy!

Even (1) ................... popular breakfast drinks back then were coffee, gin and beer, tea 5 soon became the drink to start and end the day.

The first cup of tea was sold in England in 1657 but it was only in the 1750s that handles were added to teacups to stop ladies from burning (2) ................... fingers!

Catherine of Braganza, (3) ................... married King Charles II in 1662, was a tea die hard. When she landed in England from Portugal, she was gasping for a cup of tea. When 10 none could be found, she was offered beer instead.

In the 1870s Tommy Lipton paraded a pig through his native Glasgow to promote the bacon in his first shop. (4) ................... he became a tea tycoon in the 1890s, he upstaged himself. He paraded his tea on elephants!

Afternoon tea came about thanks to the 7th Duchess of Bedford, who complained 15 (5) ................... a “sinking feeling” during the late afternoon. Back then, people usually ate only breakfast and dinner. A pot of tea and a light snack helped revive and energise the Duchess.

A teacup of Prince William and Catherine Middleton (6) ................... released just before their wedding in 2011, except the man on the cup was Prince Harry, his brother!

20 Back in Victorian times, people poured their tea into the saucer to cool it down before sipping it. Today, the art of tea drinking is (7) ................... more refined: - Never stir your tea in circular motions with the teaspoon.

- Never clink the teaspoon against the cup.

- Place the teaspoon on the saucer behind the cup and (8) ................... the right of the 25 handle.

- Do not loop your fingers through the cup handle.

- Pour the milk in after the tea.

- Sip your tea, never slurp it!

B1

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