Present perfect
Present perfect Have you ever tried Chinese food, Granny?
No, I haven’t!
Forma interrogativa (?)
Forma affermativa ( )
Forma negativa ( )
Forma estesa
Forma contratta
Forma estesa
Forma contratta
I have been you have gone
I’ve been you’ve gone
I have not been you have not gone
I haven’t been you haven’t gone
Have I been…? Have you gone…?
he has finished she has read it has eaten
he’s finished she’s read it’s eaten
he has not finished she has not read it has not eaten
he hasn’t finished she hasn’t read it hasn’t eaten
Has he finished…? Has she read…? Has it eaten…?
we have played you have had they have done
we’ve played you’ve had they’ve done
we have not played you have not had they have not done
we haven’t played you haven’t had they haven’t done
Have we played…? Have you had…? Have they done…?
Il Present perfect si costruisce con: l’ausiliare have / has + participio passato del verbo principale
! Si usa have / has anche con il verbo be e con i verbi di moto. They have left. Sono partiti/e. Daniel has come back. Daniel è tornato. Come participio passato di go, si usa gone quando si intende andato e non ancora tornato, si usa been quando si intende andato e tornato. Mum has gone to the supermarket. La mamma è andata al supermercato (e non è ancora tornata). Mum has been to the supermarket. La mamma è andata / stata al supermercato (ed è già tornata).
Forma estesa
Nella forma negativa e interrogativa il participio passato rimane invariato, mentre si coniuga l’ausiliare have / has (vedi Have got - Present simple pagina 9). Have you seen my MP3 player? Hai visto il mio MP3? The teacher hasn’t given any homework. L’insegnante non ha dato compiti. Nella risposta breve si ripete la struttura pronome + ausiliare: Yes, + soggetto + have / has. No, + soggetto + haven’t / hasn’t. Quando si usa una parola interrogativa, questa va messa prima dell’ausiliare. What have you bought? Che cosa hai comperato? Where has she gone? Dove è andata?
- PT Grammar © ELI
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