EM July 2021 by Icon Media Group

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

EDITOR’S DESK Dear Readers!

Editor

Alka Puri

Sub Editor

Roopal Chaurasia Shipranshu Pandey

Editorial Advisor

Priyanka Roy Chaudhary

Design & Production Pankaj Rawat Mukesh Kumar Sah

National Business Head

Subhash Chandra Email: s.chandra@electricalmirror.net

Business Head - West & South

Pradeep Kumar Email: pradeep.k@electricalmirror.net

Sr. Manager Sales

Neha Chauhan neha@electricalmirror.net

Business Development Manager Sunil R Shirsat sunil@electricalmirror.net

Sales & Marketing Hemant Chauhan Dinesh Kumar Manju

Manager-Subscription

Praveen Kumar Email: subscribe@electricalmirror.net All rights reserved by all events are made to ensure that the information published is correct; Electrical Mirror holds no responsibility any unlikely errors that might occur. Printed, published and owned by Usha, Published from 13/455, Block No. 13, Trilok Puri, Delhi110091 and printed at Bright Tree, C-40, Gate No.-4, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-II, New Delhi-110020. e-mail: brighttreesolutions@gmail.com Editor : Alka Puri

Ten years ago, in 2011 Electrical Mirror was launched with a motive to provide insight of the Electrical and Power Industry. We are proud and excited to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the journal. On this occasion, this Special Issue is being launched to invite members of the Editorial Board, acknowledged reviewers and outstanding authors. The aim is to celebrate this important anniversary of the journal through exceptional papers fully dedicated to innovative technologies in electrical and power industry. Demand for electricity in India is expected to grow 6 per cent in 2021-22 as compared to the previous fiscal year, according to rating agency ICRA. It has also estimated power generation capacity addition at 17- 18 GW for the ongoing fiscal year. The electricity demand slowed down during the first two months of 2021-22 compared to March 2021 amid lockdowns imposed by state governments to control the second wave of COVID-19. The all-India power generation capacity addition to rebound to 17-18 GW in the year, increasing by 45 per cent YoY from 12.8 GW in 2020-21, mainly led by the renewable energy (RE) segment backed by a strong pipeline of 38 GW projects under development. The outlook for the transmission segment is stable supported by the presence of availability-linked payments and timely realisation of payments for the inter-state projects as the billing and collections are handled by the central transmission utility. Hope the valuable content that we enclosed within our magazine will be helpful to gain an insight into topics which are closely linked to electrical industry ranging from transformers to testing & measuring instruments, from lighting to earthing and many more. At last, a heartfelt gratitude and congratulations to our entire team of Electrical Mirror without which this journey won't be possible.

Happy Reading!!! Please give us your feedback at editor@electricalmirror.net For more details check out our website: www.electricalmirror.net and you can also visit our facebook page https://m.facebook.com/electricalmir/

Editor

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

INTERVIEW

Cover Story - Transformer

Syed Sajjadh Ali Managing Director India Electrical Sector

INTERVIEW

Eaton Power Quality India Pvt. Ltd.

62 imTEyAz SiddiqUi Regional Area Manager South Asia & GCC, Vice-Chairman, TMMS Divison, IEEMA

Understanding of equivalent circuit, open & short circuit tests, efficiency & voltage regulation of transformer

Focus:

INTERVIEW

Altanova India Pvt. Ltd.

Testing & Measuring

The Indian growth story is giving new dimensions to every allied segment requirements

Focus:

Renewable Energy Growth in the Renewable Energy Sector of India

Anil Uppal

Managing Director KVTEK Power Systems Pvt. Ltd.

Focus:

INTERVIEW

92 68

Kalidas Bhangare

INTERVIEW

110

Jitendra Agrawal Managing Director The Motwane Manufacturing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

Indian wires and cables industry has grown considerably in size while transforming itself

Focus:

Managing Director Testo India Pvt. Ltd.

Wire & cables

Gensets Generation industry in India is largely split into conventional & non-conventional ways

Case Study of the Month

124

Various case studies on operation and control schemes for grid sub-station contd….

27000, BDEW

WAGO Private Limited Block No.94, National Highway–8 Village Vadsala – Varnama Vadodara, Gujarat – 391243 Phone : 91-265-6812100 Email: info.india@wago.com Website: www.wago.com/in

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This is the Digital Future! www.wago.com/in/power-engineering

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

INTERVIEW

74 Focus:

HitesH KarandiKar

Director Electrical ResearcH and Development Association

INTERVIEW

134

78 Chandmal Goliya

Sub-station Automation Breaker Failure Protection (50BF) in conjunction with “GOOSE communication system” in IEC 61850 Protocol

Focus:

148

Director

Lightning Protection Understanding the Lightning for Protection

INTERVIEW

Kusam Electrical Industries Ltd.

Focus:

156

Earthing An earthing system comprises of protective earthing conductor

Manoj Sharma

Press Release

INTERVIEW

Partner Cambridge Instruments & Engineering Co.

Press Release

14,18

Press Release

18,24

Press Release

81 Amitansu Satpathy

Managing Director

INTERVIEW

Best Power Equiptments

100 Manoj Verma Executive President & Chief Operating Officer

Polycab India Ltd.

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Battery charger

Controller

INTERVIEW

102

Press Release

Technical Article

Vinay Rathi

Director

INTERVIEW

Gloster Cables ltd.

104 Gautam Seth Joint Managing Director

Guest Article

164

Guest Article

166

Product Info

167

Product Info

168

Product Info

169

Product Info

170

Product Info

171

INTERVIEW

hPL eLectric and Power Ltd.

106 Sameer Saxena Director-Marketing

INTERVIEW

Legrand India

118 172

Advertisement Index

Sameer Wagh Sr. General ManaGer – SaleS DiStribution, Service & it

174

Event Diary

122 Anil Munjal CEO & Director

Power India ELECTRICAL MIR ROR 12Riello

130 Rajkumar Khanapure Food and Beverages Segment leader

ABB India

INTERVIEW

mecc alte IndIa Pvt. ltd.

144 Shrinivas B. Shripat Founder Shripat Tech-Innovation Corporation

146 Sanjay Madhwal Vice President – Sales & Marketing

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WAGO India

Press Release

Hitachi ABB Power Grids’ response to the recent amendment in FAME II scheme

“Making EVs more affordable is a positive move but policy has to also account for the ecosystem that enables EVs. Charging infrastructure development requires a significant boost in the country through government support and intelligent power technologies. If the country is to achieve its 30 percent EV adoption target by the end of the decade, it will have to operationalize a nationwide network of accessible charging infrastructure. “In the new normal, we have to build smart and profitable arterial mass transit systems that can ensure clean air and decongested roads. Today we have flash chargers that can top up buses in seconds as passengers get on and off the bus, ensuring less battery and more people occupy buses. We have to encourage adoption. Upscaling of the power grid must also happen in tandem to handle the mammoth energy demand e-mobility will usher. To make India an EV nation by 2030, we have to clean, green and strengthen our power grid.” EM

N Venu, CEO & MD, Hitachi ABB Power Grids

NTPC anchors two day BRICS Green Hydrogen Summit NTPC Ltd, India’s largest energy integrated company anchored a two day workshop on Green Hydrogen, one of the most popular and demanding fields in the current times and considered to be the next carrier of energy. The online event saw leading experts from the Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (BRICS) countries share their insights and professional views on the subject as well as the latest developments going on in their countries in the area of green hydrogen. The key note speakers from BRICS virtual summit were, Ms. Agnes M da Costa (Ministry of Mines & Energy, Brazil), Mr. Kovalev Andrey (Russian Energy Agency, Russia), Dr. Prakash Chandra Maithani, (Scientist G, MNRE, Government of India), Ms. Fu Tianyi (National Energy Administration of China), Mr. Makgabo H Tsiri ( International Relations, National Department of Energy, South Africa). Shri Alok Kumar, Secretary Ministry of Power, in his key note address said, “Government and industry must work together to ensure existing regulations are not an unnecessary barrier to investment. Trade will benefit from common international standards for the safety of transporting and storing large volumes of hydrogen and having appropriate certificate of origin. BRICS countries could work together on these aspects. He also said,“India has launched an ambitious National Hydrogen Mission to introduce hydrogen purchase obligations for fertilizers, refineries involving private sector in transparent & competitive manner to produce green hydrogen”.

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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During the welcome remarks, Shri Gurdeep Singh, CMD, NTPC ltd said, “Five BRICS countries share a common vision of sustainable development and inclusive economic growth. Strengthening energy cooperation and ensuring affordable, reliable, accessible and secure energy for all, has always been a strategic area of importance in the agenda of BRICS countries.” “For India, the transition to a hydrogen economy will not only reduce India’s import dependency on hydrocarbon fuels but also provide clean air to its citizens, reduce GHG emissions in absolute terms and fulfil India’s Atmanirbhar Bharat vision,” he added. These BRICS countries are capable of ensuring that there is net-zero carbon emission since the cost of deployment of these emerging technologies in these countries is a fraction in comparison to that of other developed countries. The prevention of CO2 will have a worldwide positive impact. NTPC has been a key driver in India’s growth story and is leading the way towards a new energy economy. The state run power major is pioneering Green Hydrogen Initiatives in India. NTPC which is undertaking extensive study, experimentations in the areas of Carbon Capture & Hydrogen has also announced a few pilot projects on Green Hydrogen to this. Green hydrogen is of great topical interest to all the countries including BRICS as it has a great amount of potential to ensure sustainable energy supply, increase the level of energy availability and minimise the negative impact on the environment. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Power Finance Corporation logs highest ever net profit of Rs 8,444 cr for FY 21, up 49% on year State-owned non-banking financial firm Power Finance Corporation (PFC) records highest ever net profit of 8,444 cr for FY 21, up 49% on Y-o-Y basis.

Press Release

Standalone

• Highest Annual PAT of Rs.8,444 cr. • 49% jump in Standalone Profit After Tax from FY ’20 . PAT at Rs.8,444 cr. for FY’21. Vs Rs.5,655 cr. in FY ’20 • 28% increase in Net Interest Income from FY’20 – Net Interest Income at Rs. 12,951 cr. for FY’21 vs.Rs.10,097 cr. in FY ’20 • Dividend of Rs.2 declared per share. Thus, in FY 21, PFC has given a total dividend of Rs. 10 per share i.e. 100%. • Aided by profit growth, PFC’s net worth for FY 21 is up by 16% to Rs.52,393 cr. and has crossed the fifty thousand mark. • 25% Stressed Book Resolved in FY 21: o Gross NPA ratio saw a sharp reduction of 238 bps from FY’20. The current GNPA ratio is at 5.70% against 8.08% inFY’20. o Lowest Net NPA levels in past 4 years. Net NPA ratio saw a sharp reduction of 171 bps from FY’20. The current Net NPA ratio is at 2.09% against 3.80% in FY’20. • The Capital Adequacy Ratio of the Company has also improved sequentially to 18.83% as on 31st March 2021. The capital adequacy is at a comfortable level with sufficient cushion over & above the prescribed regulatory limits.

Consolidated

FY’21 Vs FY’20 • 66% increase in consolidated Profit After Tax from FY’20 - PAT at Rs. 15,716 cr. for FY’21 vs. Rs.9,477cr. for FY’20.

• Loan Asset book grows at 12% - Loan asset book for FY 21 at Rs.7, 45, 189 cr. vs. Rs.6,67,330 cr. in FY’20 • Reduction in consolidated net NPA ratio to 1.91% in FY 21 from 3.57% in FY’20 due to resolution of stressed assets. • Reduction in consolidated Gross NPA ratio to 5.29% in FY 21 from 7.36% in FY’20 due to resolution of stressed assets.

Liquidity support to Discoms under Aatma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan • Under the Aatma Nirbhar Discoms liquidity support announced by the GOI, PFC & its subsidiary REC combined together, have so far sanctioned Rs.1,34,782 cr. and disbursed Rs.78,855 cr.

Management Comments

• Mr. R.S. Dhillon, CMD Remarks - PFC’s CMD commented that I am extremely pleased with our FY 21 results despite the many headwinds faced during the year. The impressive performance in FY 21 as is evident from the highest ever profit, underlines the inherent strengths of PFC in handling adverse economic events. Going forward also, we are committed to deliver long-term value to our shareholders. • Ms. Parminder Chopra, Director (Finance) Remarks - PFC’s Director (Finance) commented that I am happy to say that PFC has stayed profitable in each quarter of the FY 21 despite the COVID pandemic. Even in an incredibly challenging year, PFC has delivered remarkable results & remains well capitalized, well provisioned & highly liquid with a strong balance sheet. Given, PFC’s strong fundamentals, we remain optimistic on delivering such performance in future also. EM

KBL receives patent for Dual Voltage Controller Kirloskar Brothers Limited (KBL), which is a worldclass pump manufacturing company with expertise in engineering and manufacture of systems for fluid management, is proud to receive a patent for Dual Voltage Controller. This patent gives KBL a sustainable competitive advantage as the device can be used to significantly improve the performance of a pump in areas where voltage fluctuation is an issue. The Dual Voltage Controller can be compared to a voltage stabilizer that is often used at homes. Similarly, this device is highly recommended for areas where voltage fluctuations are an issue and help in smoothly operating all types of small pumps. Some of KBL's pumps are known to operate in a wide voltage range 16

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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and can take up specialized tasks with a great level of efficiency. The latest patent reiterates the company's focus on innovation as a way to continuously provide superior value to the customer. The importance of intellectual property was recognized by visionary leaders of KBL in its initial years of formation itself. In recent years, KBL has filed over 20 patents and has already been granted 7 patents out of those filed patents. All the 20 patents are in working condition and are effectively used in production and used commercially, wherever applicable. This signifies the commitment of KBL to transfer the innovations for the production and pass on benefits to end-users/ customers. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Press Release

HPL Electric & Power to install 4G and 5G compatible Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) technology smart meters in parts of Delhi HPL Electric & Power Ltd, India’s leading meter and electrical equipment manufacturing company, has received approval and production clearance from leading Private Distribution Company for the implementation of NB-IoT based Smart Meters in the part of National Capital, Delhi. HPL’s new range of smart meters with Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) communications technology smart meters are both 4G and 5G compatible offering a dedicated channel for the smart metering and avoiding any reduction in performance from interference or obstruction due to congestion on the public network. The new range of NB-IoT smart meters have been developed in-house at HPL’s new R& D facility at Gurugram. Mr. Gautam Seth, Joint MD, HPL Electric & Power added, “NB-IoT is a new and cost-effective technology in 4G and 5G spectrum with fast deployment quality. With this technology, the interference and problems arising due to public network congestion will not hamper the performance of smart meter anymore as data will smoothly flow through a dedicated channel. It will also enable more number of remote meter readings possible thereby ensuring the safety of the consumers during pandemic times. This new launch

NTPC – FY21 Audited Results Highest Ever PAT (YoY) 36.16% The Country’s largest power generator- NTPC Ltd., with a present group installed capacity of 65825 MW, declared the financial results for FY21 along with unaudited financial results for Q4 FY21 on 19 June, 2021. In FY21, NTPC group has recorded the highest ever gross generation of 314.07 Billion units as against 290.19 Billion units during the previous year. On Standalone basis, the gross generation of NTPC for FY21 was 270.91 Billion units as against 259.62 Billion units in the previous year. Coal stations achieved a Plant Load Factor of 66.00% as against National Average of 54.56% with an availability factor of 91.43%. NTPC has realized more than 100% of the billed amount during the year, crossing rupees one lakh crore, which is the highest ever realization.

will further strengthen our position as a leading smart meter manufacturer in the country.” HPL Electric & Power Ltd is a front runner in the Smart Metering field by providing latest technology to state owned & private utilities. This comes at the backdrop of world’s largest electricity smart metering programme underway in India, aimed at cutting distribution losses. India’s smart meter programme aims to replace 250 million conventional meters to help raise annual revenues of debt-laden electricity distribution companies. HPL is committed to bringing out world class products that conform to the best industry standards of safety and quality. Recently, HPL’s testing lab for LED lighting was certified by National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) for independent testing of LED lighting. The Kundli based testing laboratory awarded the ISO/ IEC 17025:2017 certification. HPL’s LV switchgear testing laboratory in Jabli, Himachal Pradesh has also received IECEE certification for independent testing of MCB & RCCB for KEMA and CB certification from DEKRA, Netherlands. These test certifications will be valid in 53 countries. EM

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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For FY21, the total income was ` 103,552.71 crore as against ` 100,478.41 crore in FY20, registering an increase of 3.06%. For FY21, NTPC has registered its highest ever PAT of `13,769.52 crore, as against ` 10,112.81 crore in FY20 registering an increase of 36.16%. The Board of Directors of NTPC Ltd. have recommended a final dividend @ 31.5% of paid-up share capital i.e. ` 3.15 per equity share of the face value of ` 10/- each for FY21, subject to the approval of shareholders in the Annual General Meeting. The Company had paid an Interim Dividend @ 30% of paid-up share capital i.e. ` 3.00 per equity share in February 2021. This is the 28th consecutive year of dividend payment by the Company. EM

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An ISO 9001 : 2015 Company

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Press Release

Another vital topic area: The main trends in the rail industry

Dialoguing with customers, multipliers and media worldwide HARTING Experts Camp now being rolled out in individual regions and countries / Focus on the respective markets / Management is always "live" on board! In the upcoming weeks, the HARTING Technology Group will be rolling out its successful HARTING Experts Camp to individual regions and countries worldwide. Each individual event focuses on the special features of the respective market. The new HARTING Forum gives the company the technical opportunity to enter into a year-round dialogue with customers, multipliers and the media and introduce them to the latest technology trends. Philip Harting, CEO of the HARTING Technology Group, will be welcoming the connected participants at the beginning of each event. One key focus will be on the topic of Connectivity+. The current products and solutions for the areas of industrial automation, energy infrastructure, e-mobility and railways will then be showcased and explained by way of various contributions. Afterwards, the HARTING management will be available "live" from Espelkamp for

Philip Harting, CEO, HARTING

question and answer sessions. The advantage of the regionalization of the HARTING Experts Camp format is that the managing director of the HARTING national company can dialogue directly with customers on a uniform digital platform. Concrete solutions for the respective industries can be discussed, whether for mechanical and plant engineering, robotics, power generation and distribution or in the field of railway technology. The event series kicked off with the region Asea/Australia/ New Zealand. China, Korea, Japan and India are set to follow. Fielding its now well-established “HARTING Experts Camp” label, the connectivity specialist is providing a powerful platform for customer dialogue and communication involving wide-ranging offerings of product presentations, web seminars, expert talks and much more. EM

Optimal communication in Industrial Ethernet will also feature as a key topic: The T1 connector bouquet (left) and our RJ45 multifeature

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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SHRIPAT TECH-INNOVATION CORPORATION Each & Every Connection Contributes; Make them Reliable with us EMAIL: sales@shripat-india.com, shripat2018@gmail.com

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

HPL Electric and Power Ltd. reports Q4 FY 2021 Results

Press Release

Highest quarterly revenue in last eight quarters at ` 308 Crores in Q4 FY21 ‘Metering’ & ‘Consumer’ (B2C) Segment reported a robust growth of 93% YoY growth and 20% YoY, respectively in Q4 FY21 HPL Electric and Power Ltd (NSE Symbol: HPL, BSE Scrip Code: 540136), has reported Strong Performance in Q4 FY21 led by robust growth in the Metering and Consumer segment (B2C). The Metering business has witnessed an improved performance in Q4FY21 than the previous three quarters due to increased inspections and dispatches. The Metering business clocked the revenue of `142 crores in Q4FY21, thereby registering a growth of 93% YoY and 29% QoQ. The company also reported that The ‘Consumer’ segment (including non-utility meters) witnessed strong traction and posted a robust 20% YoY growth in revenues to `166 crores in Q4 FY21. During the period, the lighting segment revenue grew by 31% YoY and 37% QoQ to `89.2 crores in Q4 FY21. The wires and cables segment revenue grew by 99% YoY and 31% QoQ to `26.3 crores in Q4 FY21. The growth in the wires and cable segment was also aided by an increase in copper prices. The switchgear segment revenue stood at `50.8 crores in Q4 FY21. HPL reported that rationalisation of employee expenses and overheads helped the company to report an EBITDA of `44 crores (EBITDA Margin of 14.2%) in Q4 FY21, while Cash PAT grew exponentially by 117% YoY to `26 crores. Additionally Exports grew at a robust pace of 174% YoY in Q4 FY21 and 69% YoY in FY21, respectively

Consolidated Performance Highlights Particulars (In Rs Cr)

Q4FY21 Q4FY20

Q3FY21

FY21

FY20

Revenue from Operations

307.8

212.2

244.0

875.1

976.5

EBITDA

43.7

27.0

34.7

119.0

124.9

EBITDA Margin %

14.2%

12.7%

14.2%

13.6% 12.8%

Cash PAT

25.8

11.9

19.6

55.0

59.3

Mr. Gautam Seth, Joint Managing Director, said, “The performance during the Q4FY21 was attributed by the robust performance of both the metering (B2B) and the consumer (B2C) segment thereby resulting in highest ever quarterly revenue during the last eight quarters at `308 Crores. The metering segment improved performance was accredited to an increase in inspections and dispatches. Currently, we have a strong order book of `704 Crores ensuring revenue visibility for the current year despite the lockdown in Q1FY22 which have caused few disruptions. We are extremely delighted to share that we have received approval and production clearance from a leading

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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Private Distribution Company for the implementation of 4G and 5G compatible Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) based Smart Meters in various parts of Delhi.” “The robust growth in the consumer segment was driven by healthy double-digit growth in the ‘Lighting’ and ‘Wires and Cables’ categories, which surged by 31% & 99% YoY, respectively. Additionally, the recent order wins of over `372 Crores for switchgear, wires and other related accessories enhancing our position as one of the leading Electrical equipment manufacturers of the country. We have a diversified portfolio of electrical equipment catering to various needs of the market and are confident about the long-term growth trajectory of the Consumer segment fuelled by a pick-up in the economic activity, improved consumer sentiments and increased government funding.” “We are currently catering to 45 countries for exports.HPL’s testing lab for LED lighting was certified by National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) for independent testing of LED lighting. Our LV switchgear testing laboratory in Jabli, Himachal Pradesh accredited with IECEE certification for independent testing of MCB & RCCB for KEMA and CB certification from DEKRA, Netherlands. These certifications enable HPL access to the new 53 countries”. “Our various cost rationalisation initiatives and implementation of lean methodology have helped us to boost the EBITDA margins. Looking beyond the short-term challenges in the meter segment, we are extremely positive about the opportunities in the smart metering space as both the public and private power distribution companies increasingly shift focus towards installing smart meters to replace conventional meters. Overall, the Company is confident of overcoming near-term challenges and create sustainable value for its stakeholder.”

Robust Order Book & Strong Revenue Visibility

• Consolidated current order book stands at `704crores (net of GST) o Metering orders of `292crores o Switchgear orders of `142 crores o Lighting orders of `76 crores o Wires & Cables orders of `194 crores o Enquiry base for Metering tenders is at a healthy level. Tenders amounting to ~ `2,000 crores have been floated or expected to be floated in the near-term EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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ABB completes melt shop digitalization project with India’s leading steel company, boosting productivity and profitability

Press Release

Digital solution connects steel melt shop operations with ladle and crane tracking and thermal loss prediction for higher casting speeds and additional output of 24,000 tonnes per annum.

ABB has built on a long-term relationship with JSW Steel Ltd, India’s leading steel company, by integrating its digital solution ABB Ability™ Smart Melt Shop into a wider expansion at Dolvi Works plant in Maharashtra state. With the project, completed on schedule in March 2021, ABB has improved productivity and energy efficiency for the steel melt shop by developing an operations optimization solution, including ladle and crane tracking system, crane scheduling system and thermal loss models, to predict target temperature for ladle furnaces and ensure the correct superheat at the caster. This is expected to increase the company’s EBITDA profit by around USD two million per annum through four percent higher casting speeds, time savings of one working day per month and additional output equating to 24,000 tonnes a year. The plant now has real time tracking of steel ladles for process synchronization and better maintenance planning. In wider benefits, the lower energy consumption means fewer consumables used per batch and therefore a lower carbon footprint with less CO2 per tonne of steel produced. Automatic tracking and scheduling increases personnel safety as they are removed from the production area during crane and ladle movements. The scheduling solution also results in reducing tapping delays by ensuring these movements are synchronized with process requirements. It is an example of overcoming one of the major challenges facing steelmakers today, which is to maintain the optimal temperatures required to make molten steel while balancing high electrical energy costs. Ensuring the right temperature at the right time, together with other parameters in the molten steel, directly determines steel quality and productivity. ABB’s Industry 4.0 led solution minimizes temperature superheat deviation and thermal losses resulting in higher caster speeds by around four percent, improved productivity, energy efficiency and steel quality. “We relied on the metallurgical expertise of ABB’s Metals team as they proved to us that this digital solution could be integrated into our complex plant with its diversified operational procedures,” said Gajraj Singh Rathore, President, JSW Steel Ltd. “The figures and the results from testing stacked up and we could see the capacity to enhance productivity, improve energy efficiency and generate a relativity quick return on investment too.” “Based on advanced digital algorithms and mathematical

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modeling, ABB Ability™ Smart Melt Shop is a true example of technology convergence as it utilizes cameras and imageprocessing, weighing systems, radar, laser and wireless-based technologies to ensure steel melt shops operate at optimum levels where crane and ladle tracking and their availability are critical to the entire steelmaking process.” said Tarun Mathur, Global Product Manager and Digital Lead for Metals, ABB. “Our data from performance testing has shown significant increase in superheat compliance, returning time savings equating to more than nine hours per month and nearly 2,000 additional tonnes produced per month,” said Amit Kumar Chakraborty, Project Manager for Metals, ABB. Additional benefits of the ladle tracking system include reduction in tapping delays in the electric arc furnace, reduction of electrode and power consumption at the ladle furnace and reduction in silicon deviation in hot rolled coils produced from slabs from the continuous caster. A complete range of products, services and end-to-end solutions that improve productivity, quality, safety and cost-efficiency in iron, steel, aluminium and other metals production processes are available through ABB. Across the whole metals value chain, ABB demonstrates a commitment to optimize operations with high performance products and digital solutions. ABB (ABBN: SIX Swiss Ex) is a leading global technology company that energizes the transformation of society and industry to achieve a more productive, sustainable future. By connecting software to its electrification, robotics, automation and motion portfolio, ABB pushes the boundaries of technology to drive performance to new levels. With a history of excellence stretching back more than 130 years, ABB’s success is driven by about 105,000 talented employees in over 100 countries. www.abb.com Process Automation: ABB’s Process Automation business is a leader in automation, electrification and digitalization for the process and hybrid industries. We serve our customers with a broad portfolio of products, systems, and end-to-end solutions, including our #1 distributed control system, software, and lifecycle services, industry-specific products as well as measurement and analytics, marine and turbocharging offerings. As the global #2 in the market, we build on our deep domain expertise, diverse team and global footprint, and are dedicated to helping our customers increase competitiveness, improve their return on investment and run safe, smart, and sustainable operations. CM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

From concept to creation. It is our aspiration and motivation to design proactively new products which will be essential in the future. For this reason, we have been developing, producing and marketing mechanical and mechatronic locking, hinging and connection solutions for industrial enclosure construction in a purposeful and future-oriented manner for more than 25 years. Together, the right solution is also created for your specific application. DIRAK.com

sales@dirak.co.in

6-502

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Press Release

Motwane announces strategic acquisition of Telemetrics

Motwane has announced its recent acquisition of Telemetrics, an established market leader in highly specialised underground cable fault locating equipment. Through the acquisition, Motwane is able to expand into providing further smart Test & Measurement solutions to its clients, and thus strengthens its portfolio in India and abroad. Creating India’s champion in the global Test & Measurement space With decades of learning and experience, Motwane’s commitment to innovation has made the firm a goto name in the Indian Test & Measurement industry. Its dynamic and ‘ideas-first’-culture, fuelled by the hard work of many talented teams, has resulted in Motwane’s highperformance product range. The ongoing R&D focus led Motwane to advance onto the cloud with the digitisation of Test & Measurement processes through the introduction of their software solution MOT-WARE. Telemetrics’ cable fault location range of products and systems complements and enhances Motwane’s product portfolio. Both companies share a rich innovation-driven legacy, and share common values such as good governance, transparent business practices, and the unshakable commitment towards finding relevant solutions for their customers. “Telemetrics is a very well-run company”, says Gautam Khandelwal, Chairman of Motwane Group, “and a trusted brand. We are pleased to welcome them to the Motwane Group. The two companies will add value to each other’s offerings, and help create an Indian champion in the Test & Measurement space that can compete with the best globally.” The acquisition benefits both firms, and offers a platform for growth and innovation. For Motwane, it is an exciting collaborative step into a more diversified future, and therefore a perfect strategic fit that will enhance the company’s product range, spur growth, increase market share, and, as a result, aligns with Motwane’s vision of becoming a key global player in the electrical Test

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& Measurement industry. Underground cable fault location is a definite growth area, since power cables are increasingly being laid underground as a result of rapid urbanisation, and distributed renewable energy generation. Motwane’s strong distribution network in India and their international customer base is a perfect opportunity for Telemetrics to expand into those new markets. Aruna Narayan, Telemetrics’ Managing Director states, “The acquisition is a smart choice in a challenging business environment to jointly work on a bigger platform, both domestic and international. We can now share a bigger product basket with our loyal customers (most of them being common), offer joint R&D efforts, and prompt services. For me personally, it is the unique blending of engineering and people skills, whether technical or in the human potential realm, that opens up new and exciting vistas for the growth of both companies.” Motwane is an Indian engineering company with an impressive legacy, and a strong focus on R&D and IoT capabilities. Its products, ranging from power plants to plug points, and surpass existing quality standards, are synonymous with robust, reliable, and long-last performance. As a result, the Motwane brand has earned the trust of clients over the last 100 years with its innovative, energy-efficient, and userfriendly solutions. The company’s global growth, and further innovative ventures as part of its green initiatives, are guided under the aegis of Motwane’s forward-thinking leadership (visit www.motwane.com for more details). A recent addition to the Motwane family, Telemetrics offers a complete range of fault locating instruments that enable preventive detection and location of existing defects in power cables, communication cables, and water pipelines. Over 30 years, the company has attained a leadership position with a strong customer base, including key power sector clients in India and abroad (visit www.motwane.com/ telemetrics for more details). EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

+91-11-71810700/800 +91-11-41611071

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Schneider Electric Enhances EcoStruxture™ TriconexTM Safety View

Press Release

• Industry’s first TÜV safety and cybersecurity certified bypass and alarm management software improves protection of people, production, and profits • Digitalization and data analytics help reduce plant operating risks, unscheduled downtime, and production loss • Easy-to-use, easy-to-engineer offer helps improve ROI and TCO to drive profitable safety

Schneider Electric, the leader in digital transformation of energy management and automation, has released an improved version of its EcoStruxure™ TriconexTM Safety View, the industry’s first dual safety- and cybersecurity-certified bypass and alarm management software application. EcoStruxure Triconex Safety View allows operators to see both the bypass status that impacts the level of risk reduction in place, as well as the critical alarms required to operate the plant safely when risks are high. Industrial process safety systems are designed to help prevent unsafe operating conditions, as well as to bring the plant to a safe state, sometimes via a shutdown, when operating conditions become unsafe. Because of their critical role in helping to protect people, assets, production and the environment, safety systems are always “on.” There are instances where bypasses need to be implemented or critical alarms supressed, which directly impacts the overall levels of operational risk and the safety of the plant. During these high-risk times, operations need to know what has been bypassed and then manage the elevated risks, paying attention to critical process conditions and critical alarms affecting production and profitability. “Speaking about the enhanced features of the solution, Mr. Rajat Kishore, Managing Director & Vice President, Process Automation, Schneider Electric said, “The new world of technology with sustainability at its core is all about reimaging the future and providing companies with digital technologies to upscale and strengthen their operating conditions for seamless business continuity. Businesses today are steadfastly looking at implementing new digital and software-oriented operating strategies to increase the productivity, efficiency, reliability, and security of their assets and operations. This is where Schneider Electric’s upgraded version of EcoStruxure Triconex Safety View can help drive superior safety performance, minimise operational cost, and increase business profitability – thereby addressing the enhanced key expectations of modern businesses and customers. From providing operators with a real-time view into the conditions of the plant to managing elevated risks & paying attention to critical process conditions, EcoStruxure Triconex Safety View has it all.” Safety Bypasses need to follow guidelines recommended by International Safety Standards such as IEC 61508, IEC 61511.

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In India, the Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD) has made it mandatory to follow IEC standards for hazardous industries including O&G customers. Recently, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG) and OSID issued guidelines to track Safety Bypasses in Hydrocarbon Industries. Hence it is necessary for industries to track safety loop bypasses to ensure Safety Integrity of process units is tracked, audited and maintained. The software is also certified by TÜV Rheinland as Security Level 1 (SL1) compliant per IEC 62443-4-2 and Systematic Capability 3 (SC3) compliant per IEC 61508 for use in safetyrelated applications up to Safety Integrity Level 3 (SIL3). It meets stringent requirements for safety, cybersecurity, risk reduction and continuous operation in the oil and gas, refining, petrochemicals, power and other high-hazard, risk-intensive industries.

Better safety risk management yields superior performance

The EcoStruxure Triconex Safety View can help companies with better bypass management, address safety risks, including those that threaten the performance of their operations. All in all, it contributes to the overall business performance, including enhanced productivity, profitability, and sustainability

Providing visibility to improve uptime, ROI and TCO

EcoStruxure Triconex Safety View is proven to improve uptime while helping to reduce operating, maintenance and engineering costs, it provides measurable improvements to the profitability of the operation, as well as quicker ROI and better total cost of ownership. Empowering control room operators to make the best decisions is critical to safe operations. EcoStruxure Triconex Safety View allows companies to better manage and reduce not only known risks that jeopardize the safety of the operation, but to identify, mitigate and avoid future risks. With enhanced digital capabilities, including its ability to extract and textualize real-time operating data, EcoStruxure Triconex Safety View provides a better real-time view into the risks that come with system start-ups, shutdowns and other critical process transitions. By arming operators, maintenance engineers and plant personnel with the right data at the right time, they can quickly and efficiently bring the plant back to a safe operating state. CM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

iCool Edge Solutions

Intelligent Integrated InfraSuite Self-Contained Edge Datacenter

Edge Data Center Solutions DCIM

Micro Datacenter

Edge Data Center

Modular Data Center

Containerized Data Center

Converged Power

Intelligent Integrated InfraSuite Self-Contained Edge Data Center In this IT intensive world with heavy data traffic, an edge data center acts as a caching and data-aggregation point between users and larger data center to ease overwhelming IT loads. Following the growing applications of edge computing, Delta is introducing a new generation of data center with flexible power and cooling designs, quick deployment and scalable capacity for implementation anywhere. The all-in-one design not only provides One-Stop Solution to customers, but also high system integration and reliability. Solution is offered with best in class integrated UPS, dedicated cooling systems, intelligent rack structure, environmental monitoring systems, pre-planned power distributions and optional fire suppression, alarm, access control and other required accessories. We are the market leaders in providing ease of deployment and integration. Factory-built and tested iCool Edge.

www.deltaelectronicsindia.com

Delta Edge Data Center Solutions

AC Power

Quality Starts Here. From Measuring Instruments

Authorized Distributor for India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar and Sri Lanka When Precision Reigns Supreme

Mikrotek has joined hands with Conoptica to market and distribute Conoptica instruments in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar and Sri Lanka.

Press Release

Mr. B. Kamal Babu Managing director of Mikrotek Machines Limited and Mr. Kjell E. Johnsen Sales & Marketing Manager, Conoptica AS have agreed to form a strategic cooperation to work together. Mikrotek will do marketing and sales of Conoptica instrument in India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Mikrotek also takes care of basic maintenance and servicing of Conoptica equipment.

After working together in an informal manner for several years, Indian manufacturer of drawing dies and die production equipment Mikrotek Machines Ltd. of Bangalore is entering into a formal distributor agreement with. Norwegian manufacturer of drawing die measurement systems Conoptica AS. With the new partnership Conoptica seek to increase their presence and market-share in the region. Through this new agreement Mikrotek will be responsible for marketing and sales activities. The intention is also that Mikrotek shall provide first line support and some service and maintenance activities for new and existing companies. An important part of the customer experience for Conoptica is the service and support they provide. The products are designed and manufactured to be operational for 15-20 years and providing good and consistent service and support has been an important factor in their success. Joining forces with Mikrotek also for service and maintenance will ensure faster response and easier access for customers in the covered territories.

WHY CONOPTICA?

• Perfect Die Geometry & accurate values of the die profile • G lobal Market Leader in Contactless Optical Instrumentation • 25 years of experience with optical measurement of drawing dies

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• First Choice for Several Industries – Wire & Cable, Machine Tool, Die & Mould, Automotive, Medical Devices and Implants, Watches and Jewelry • Dependable Service and customer support • Selected Special Options available for customized usage • Policy of investment in R&D and Innovation for continuous improvement • Trade-in offers • Upgradation offers

WHY MIKROTEK?

• Market leaders for drawing dies and die repolishing equipment in wire and cable industries • Authorized Distributor for India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar and Sri Lanka • Known for professionalism, dependability and ethics • Reachable 24/7 • Hands-on experience with the products • Ability and willingness to train the customers' team on instrument usage • Quick support and troubleshooting • Efficient coordination to execute your orders on time. • Have more than 35 years of experience in the wire and ||www.electricalmirror.net||

cable industry • In depth product knowledge of dies and Conoptica instrument • Precision with economy • Most friendly service If you have to be ahead in the race, you need to be the best in every parameter that your customer values. Quality is surely one of the most important of them. Making sure that a defective product does not smuggle itself into the customer's package is a must. Precision in inspection is what achieves that. This is where Conoptica comes in. The entire Conoptica range can be viewed at https://conoptica. com. Some of the very popular products in constant demand are:

ADFS

Automatically feed, mark, and sort Drawing and Enameling Dies

Software Applications

Drawing Die Application

Shaped Die Application

The CU Series The CU4 Series Quality control of small objects Other Software Applications Software applications for special needs: Enameling Die; Wire, Pin & Needle; X-Cut Section Conoptica has been providing high tech camera based measurement solutions for the metal The CU 11 Series working industry since 1993. They make sure that the metal Our most advanced systems for full bearing working industry has access to key quantitative data about asymmetry measurements. their products and tools. Conoptica is the market leader for measurement equipment in the wire & cable industry. Conoptica The CU 20 Series The only measurement tool for large is working to create a generation shift for inline measurement casings and diameters equipment in the machine tool industry. EM The CU6 Series The affordable alternative for profile measurements.

India's first bio-CNG tractor aims at saving billions of rupees in fuel costs Rawmatt Industries Private LTD is an organization that carries out a wide range of business activities in Nagpur. As part of its efforts to reduce pollution, it offers bio-CNG and other forms of natural gas. Due to its cost-effectiveness, CNG's popularity has been growing multifold in recent years. Moreover, CNG comes with a reputation as one of the cleanest fuels in the market today due to the lower carbon content it burns, thereby making it cleaner than petroleum-based products. Furthermore, it produces the fewest emissions among all other fuels and contains significantly fewer pollutants than gasoline. India's first CNG tractor was unveiled by Shri. Nitin Gadkari Ji at the Motilal Nehru Palace in New Delhi. According to Road Transport and Highway Minister, farmers will be able to save more than $1 trillion on fuel costs annually, which will improve their livelihoods. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Narendra Singh Tomar, Dharmendra Pradhan, Parshottam Rupala, and General V.K. Singh were also in attendance at the unveiling ceremony. The biogas used to power the revolutionary tractors are produced in the absence of oxygen and comprise different gases, resulting from the breakdown of agricultural wastes, manure, municipal wastes, plant matter, sewage, green or food waste. When this mixture is further purified and processed, it is referred to as bio-compressed natural gas (bio-CNG). In India, bio-CNG is poised to take on the more widely used CNG and liquid petroleum gas (LPG). Additionally, bio-CNG can be applied in a variety of commercial (hotels, canteens, bakeries, and resorts), industrial (glass and ceramic, metal, cement, and textile processes), and automotive (public transport and personal vehicles) applications. EM || JULY 2021 ||

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UNDERSTANDING OF EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT, OPEN & SHORT CIRCUIT TESTS, EFFICIENCY & VOLTAGE REGULATION OF TRANSFORMER ABSTRACT: For any country to attain the sustainable development its power production & consumption play an important role. Consumption & Production of power is important, but transfer of this power through transformer can not be ignored. As we know that transformer is very important device in electric system which play vital role for building nation in different sector like Hospitals, Schools, Colleges, Malls, Government offices & many more. This paper provides understanding of equivalent circuit,open & short circuit test, efficiency & voltage regulation of the transformer. For sake of proper understanding this paper provides example of single phase transformer only.

KEYWORDS: Transformer, Equivalent of a transformer at various levels of Circuit, Open Circuit & Short Circuit Test, load by knowing all the equivalent Losses, Efficiency & Voltage Regulation. circuit parameters. These circuit parameters are obtained by performing Open Circuit (OC) and Short Circuit (SC) test data of a transformer. Further with the help of these parameters, we can easily determine the efficiency and voltage regulation of the transformer for any power factor condition as well Fig. 1 Power Transformer as for any load condition. 1.0 INTRODUCTION The transformer is an electric machine A transformer’s efficiency and voltage which works on the principle of regulation depend on different types Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic of losses like copper loss and Iron loss Induction which states that the or core loss in the transformer. The magnitude of voltage is directly copper loss depends on the current proportional to the rate of change of (ampere) which is flows through the flux, and is used to transfer electrical windings of the transformer while the power over the same frequency, but the Iron loss or core loss depends on the voltage level can be altered that means voltage (volts). Similarly, drops in voltage can be increased or decreased transformer are resistance drop and according to the requirement. (Refer leakage impedance drop. These drops also depend on current flowing in the figure 1) transformer. It is possible to predict the performance

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Transformer

2.0 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF TRANSFORMER For pre-determination of behavior of the transformer under the various condition of operation, an equivalent circuit diagram is needed. It is simply the circuit representation of the equation describing the performance of the transformer. The simplified equivalent circuit of a transformer (Refer figure 2) is drawn to representing all the parameters of the transformer.

So Multiply ‘K’ on both side with Eq.(2.1), then equation will be KE2 = KV2 + I2KR2 + jKI2X2 ……………. (2.2) As we know that I’2 = I2/K, So I2 = I’2K Now put the value of I2 in Eq. (2.2) KE2 = KV2 + I’2K2R2 + jK2I’2X2 …………….. (2.3) And we know E1 / E2 = K, So E1 = KE2 E1 = V’2 + I’2R’2 + I’2X’2… (2.4) Equation 2.4 is the final equation, which shows that all quantities are referred to primary side (Refer figure 3).

Fig. 2 Equivalent Circuit Diagram of Transformer

Where, V1: Primary Voltage V2: Terminal (secondary) Voltage R1: Primary Winding Resistance R2: Secondary Winding Resistance X1: Primary Leakage Reactance X2: Secondary Leakage Reactance Io: No Load Primary Current E1: Primary Induced EMF Iw: Core-loss Component of Io E2: Secondary Induced EMF Iµ: Magnetizing Component of Io N1: No. of turn of Primary winding Rc: Core-loss Resistance N2: No. of turn of Secondary winding Xm: Magnetizing Reactance

Fig. 3 All the Quantities are referred to primary side

Where, E1 = KE2(Secondary EMF referred to the primary side) V’2 = KV2(Secondary voltage referred to the primary side) R’2 = K2R2(Secondary resistance referred to the primary side) X’2 = K2X2(Secondary reactance referred to the primary side)

The equivalent resistance referred to the primary side is given as: RE1= REQ = R1 + R’2 ……..(2.4a) The equivalent reactance referred to the primary side is given as: XE1= XEQ = X1 + X’2……..(2.4b)

From the equivalent circuit, we can easily calculate the Equivalent circuit of Transformer when all the quantities total impedance of transfer voltage, current and impedance are referred to primary side is shown below in figure 4. either to the primary or secondary side. Transformation ratio is given by K. Case 1: When all the quantities are referred to Primary side. Apply KVL equation in the secondary side of figure 2. E2 = V2 + I2R2 + jI2X2 …………….(2.1) One thing is common between primary and secondary circuit, which is turn ratio ‘K’ and turn ratio, will be equal to N1/ N2 because secondary side is referred to primary side. Fig. 4 Equivalent Circuit of Transformer Referred to Primary Side

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Case 2: When all the quantities are referred to Secondary side. Apply KVL equation in the Primary side of figure 2. V1 = E1 + I1R1 + jI1X1………….(2.5)

w w w. e l e c t r i c a l m i r r o r. n e t

One thing is common between primary and secondary circuit, which is turn ratio ‘K’. So, the Eq. (2.5) is divided by ‘K’, then equation will be Fig. 6 Equivalent Circuit of Transformer Referred to Secondary side V1/K = E1/K + I1R1/K + jI1X1/K………….(2.6) Note: The parallel branch of Io is very small as compared We know that K = N1/N2 = E1/E2 to full rated current, so it is neglected. V’1= E2 + I1R1/K + jI1X1/K…………. (2.7) 3.0 OPEN CIRCUIT AND SHORT CIRCUIT TEST The equivalent circuit parameter of a transformer can be Now ‘I1R1/K’ and ‘jI1X1/K’ from Eq. (2.7) is multiply by ‘K’ determined by performing following tests: to numerator and denominator. 1. The Open-Circuit Test V’1= E2 + KI1R1/K2 + jKI1X1/K2………. (2.8) 2. The Short-Circuit Test As we know that, I1.K = I’1 3.1 Calculation of Parameter Using Open Circuit Test: V’1= E2 + I’1R1/K2 + jI’1X1/K2………. (2.9) When the transformer is connected to electrical source at primary winding and secondary is open or load is not V’1= E2 + I’1R’1 + jI’1X’1 ………. (2.10) connected, this is called No-load condition of transformer, when we perform any test on transformer at no-load condition Equation 2.10 is the final equation, which shows that all then this is known as Open Circuit Test (Refer figure 7). quantities are referred to secondary side (Refer figure 5). The frequency of the applied voltage must be the rated frequency of the transformer. It is safer to conduct the test on the low-voltage side. Another reason for performing the test on the low-voltage side of transformer is the availability of the low-voltage source in any test facility. The open-circuit test is essential because it is used to determine the no-load current and losses of the transformer through which their no-load parameters can determined. The wattmeter, ammeter Fig. 5 Equivalent Circuit of Transformer Referred to Secondary and the voltmeter are connected to LV winding. The primary Side winding (LV) is excited by the rated voltage with the help Where, of AC source and secondary winding is kept open. And V’1 = V1/K (primary voltage referred to the secondary side) voltmeter is connected at their terminal to measure secondary E2 = E1/K (primary EMF referred to the secondary side) induced voltage. The wattmeter only represents the core R’1 = R1/K2 (primary resistance referred to the secondary side) and iron losses. X’1 = X1/K2 (primary reactance referred to the secondary side) The equivalent resistance referred to the primary side is given as: RE2 = REQ = R’1 + R2 ………. (2.10a) The equivalent reactance referred to the primary side is given as: XE2 = XEQ = X’1 + X2 ………. (2.10b)

Equivalent circuit of Transformer when all the quantities are referred to secondary side is given in figure 6. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Fig. 7 Open-Circuit Test of Transformer

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Let us consider, calculation of open-circuit test: Pi – Wattmeter Reading V1– Voltmeter Reading Io – Ammeter reading

Transformer

Iron loss of the transformer Pi is, Pi = V1IoCosφ0……..(3.1)

The low voltage side of the transformer is short-circuited (Refer figure 8). Now in the high voltage side, the voltage

is gradually increased with the help of variac until the ammeter gives equal reading to the rated current of the High Voltage side. When the current of High Voltage side reach at rated current of the transformer, at that time the reading of wattmeter represents the total full-load Cu-losses of the transformer i.e, both primary Cu loss and secondary Cu loss.

The No-Load power factor is, Cosφ0 = Pi/V1Io……..(3.2) Working component Iw is, Iw= Pi/V1 Put the value of Pi in Iw then we get, Iw = IoCosφ0……..(3.3) Magnetizing component is Iµ = √(Io2 – Iw2)……..(3.4) Iµ = IoSinφ0……..(3.5)

Fig. 8 Short-Circuit Test of Transformer

For determining some parameter of the transformer, the short circuit test is performed. 1. It determines the copper loss occur on the full load. 2. The equivalent resistance, impedance, and leakage reactance are known by the short circuit test.

Now, let’s see why the wattmeter represents the total full-load Cu losses of the transformer only, and not representing the core losses. Because as the applied voltage is quite small No-load parameters are given below: (usually 5 to 10 % of normal voltage) compared to the Equivalent resistance is rated primary voltage of the transformer, and the core Ro = V1/Iw……..(3.6) losses of transformer is directly proportional to applied voltage, so the core losses are very small that can be taken Equivalent reactance is negligible here. Xo = V1/ Iµ…..……..(3.7) Short circuit test provides the data to understand capabilities It is to be observed that, the no load current in primary is of a transformer that is how much current it can withstand about 2 to 6 percent of the rated or full load current. Due to in a worst case and tell how much current the transformer the small winding resistance, copper losses are negligible. can handle efficiently. Thus, the input power (shown by wattmeter) for the practical Let us consider: transformers operating at no load condition represents the P = Wattmeter Reading (copper losses at full load) CU(FL) iron losses in the transformer and are constant during all V = Voltmeter Reading 1SC load conditions. I1SC = Ammeter Reading 3.2 Calculation of Parameter Using Short Circuit Test Power, copper losses at full load is given by When the transformer is connected to electrical source at primary winding and secondary winding is connected to load PCU(FL) = V1SC.I1SC.CosφSC ……..(3.8) 2 (Resistive, Capacitive & Inductive), this is called Load condition Also, PCU(FL)= I 1SC R2 ……..(3.9) of transformer, when we perform any test on transformer Where CosφSC is the power factor angle making one winding short circuited then this is known as V = I Z ……..(3.10) 1SC 1SC 2 Short-Circuit Test.

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Resistance R2 is given by R2 = PCU(FL)/ I21SC……..(3.11) Impedance Z2 is given by Z2= V1SC / I1SC……..(3.12) Also, Z2 = √(R22 + X22)……..(3.13) Reactance X2 is given by X2 = √(Z22 – R22)……..(3.14)

4.0 EFFICIENCY OF TRANSFORMER Efficiency signifies a peak level of performance that uses the least amount of inputs to achieve the highest amount of output. It is a measurable concept that can be determined using the ratio of useful output to total input. Efficiency of the transformer is defined as the ratio of power output of secondary winding to the power input of primary winding. The input and output power are measured in the same unit. Its unit is either in Watts (W) or in KW. Transformer efficiency is denoted by η. This can be written as:

Input Power is a combination of Output Power & Losses. So, it can be written as Output Power + Losses.

V2 – Secondary terminal voltage I2 – Full load secondary current Cosφ2 – power factor of the load Pi – Iron losses = hysteresis losses + eddy current losses R1 & R2 = Primary and secondary winding resistance. RE1 = R01 = Total resistance referred to the primary side RE2= R02 = Total resistance referred to the secondary side I22Ro2 = Total copper loss in the windings PCU(FL) = Full load copper losses = I22Ro2

For Fractional Load: Sometime it may happen that we just apply half load or 60% or any amount of load. That fraction is nothing but the ratio of 2 current and it is rated in ampere. X = (Actual Load)/(Full Load) ……(4.7) Moreover, it is written as, X = I2/I2(FL) ………(4.8) The Value of I2 from Eq (4.8) will be, I2 = X * I2(FL) ……(4.9) Now put the value of I2 in Equation (4.6), so we get

It can be also written as,

The efficiency of the transformer along with the load and the power factor is expressed by the above relation: Losses are divided into Iron Losses and Copper Losses as 4.1 Maximum Efficiency of Transformer shown below For efficiency to be maximum, the equation of efficiency of transformer should be differentiated with respect to I2 and equating it to zero. dη/(dI2 ) = 0 ……(4.12) For Full Load: Therefore,Differentiate the Eq (4.6) with respect to I2 & equate it to zero Total resistance referred to the primary side, After Differentiating, we get Total resistance referred to the secondary side, Cancelling (V2 .Cosφ2 )from the both side then we get, Where, ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Therefore, || JULY 2021 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Transformer

maximum efficiency ηmax occurs, when Iron losses is equal to copper losses. The x-coordinate corresponding to intersection point of core loss and copper loss curves. The y-coordinate on efficiency curve corresponding to this x-coordinate gives the maximum efficiency ηmax (Refer figure 10).

Fraction of load for maximum Efficiency,

Doing so, the maximum efficiency can be gained.Therefore, with proper designing, maximum efficiency can be attained at any desired load i.e., Copper loss and Iron Loss can be equal. 4.2 Efficiency Curve When the transformer is on no load, there is only core losses because at no load, copper losses are almost negligible. But when load increases, copper loss in the system also increases, so efficiency varies with load. The graph of output power versus efficiency of transformer is depicted in figure 9. The figure shows that the efficiency increases with the increase in the output power up to a certain value and after a particular value of output power, the transformer efficiency decreases. The value of transformer efficiency will be maximum when the copper losses will be equal to iron losses in the transformer.

Fig. 10 Maximum Efficiency

2. For a Load with varying P.F and Fixed Real Power Demand,

maximum efficiency occurs at unity P.F (Refer figure 11). If we have less P.F as compared to Unity P.F, then we get some less Efficiency.

Fig. 11 Maximum Efficiency at Unity P.F

When we large the top section then we get figure 12.

Fig. 9 Efficiency Vs Output Power

Efficiency of a transformer at different loads and power factors:

1. For a Load with fixed P.F and Variable Real Power Demand, 40

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Fig. 12 Maximum Efficiency at Unity P.F ||www.electricalmirror.net||

It is observed that the point of highest efficiency for all P.F values is obtained at same loading fraction, the highest among those values being the one at unity P.F. 5.0 VOLTAGE REGULATION OF TRANSFORMER Voltage regulation of the transformer is the percentage change in the output voltage from no load to full load condition. In other words, Voltage regulation is can determine as change in the voltage magnitude between the sending and receiving end of a component (Refer figure 13). Since the power factor is determining factor in secondary side of the transformer. The Equation for the voltage regulation of transformer is: -

secondary side.

Now at this loading condition, if someone is measuring the voltage between secondary terminal, it will get Voltage V2 across the end of the secondary side (Load Terminal) that is obviously less than no load secondary voltage E2 . This is because of I2Z2 voltage drop in the transformer at full load condition. 5.2 Lagging Power Factor for Voltage Regulation

In Percentage,

Therefore, Power factor can influence voltage regulation. It 5.3 Leading Power Factor for Voltage Regulation is basically used in Distribution line, Transmission line, and The Power factor of transformer under capacitive load is Transformer to Explain the percentage voltage difference known as leading power factor. In which the current flowing between no-load to full load voltages. in the secondary winding I2 is leading w.r.t secondary terminal voltage V2 by an angle φ2. Where, E2 is Secondary terminal voltage at no load, V2 is Secondary terminal voltage at full load, I2R2 is voltage drop due to secondary winding resistance and I2X2 is voltage drop due to secondary winding reactance.

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The Power factor of transformer under inductive load is known as lagging power factor. In which the current flowing in the secondary winding I2 is lagging w.r.t secondary terminal voltage V2 by an angle φ2 . Where, E2 is Secondary terminal voltage at no load, V2 is Secondary terminal voltage at full load, I2R2 is voltage drop due to secondary winding resistance and I2X2 is voltage drop due to secondary winding reactance.

Fig. 13Voltage Regulation of Transformer

5.1 Explanation of Voltage Regulation of Transformer

In no-load condition, at the secondary side of the transformer load is not connected. In this condition, the secondary side voltage of the transformer will be induced EMF that is E2 . When we connect the load at secondary side of the transformer, rated current I2 Flow through in secondary circuit. At this condition, In primary winding full load current flows through source and voltage drop at secondary side comes in a transformer. The Voltage drop in the secondary side is I2Z2 where Z2 is the impedance of transformer at ||www.electricalmirror.net||

6.0 EXAMPLE FOR OC – SC , EFFICIENCY & VOLTAGE REGULATION To understand the concept of open circuit, short circuit test, efficiency and voltage regulation let us assume 6KVA, 300/600 volt, 50Hz single phase transformer have following test results.

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Open Circuit Test

300V

0.8A

220W

Short circuit Test

24V

10A

30W

With the help of Z2 (Impedance) & R2 (Resistance), we can find out X2 (Reactance)

Also Primary Resistance (R1) = 0.15Ω Primary Reactance (X1) = 1Ω Fraction Load (x) = 1 Open Circuit Test: from open circuit test, we can find out shunt branch Parameter V1 = 300V, Io = 0.8A, Pi = 220W

Transformer

As we know that from Open circuit test, PI = V1*Io*Cosφo…………..(6.1) Cosφo = 0.917 so , φo= 23.556° Now Sinφo= Sin23.556° = 0.4

Working Component of No-Load Current (Iw) Iw = Io*Cosφo…………(6.1a) Therefore, Iw =0.8*0.917 Iw = 0.733 A

Efficiency Calculation:

Magnetizing Component of No-Load Current (Iµ) Iµ =Io*Sinφo………..…(6.2) Iµ = 0.320 A

Shunt Branch Parameters,

KVA for ηmax=X * (KVA Rating)= 2.708 * 6= 16.248 Load KVA for ηmax = 16.248

This amount of load we should apply to get maximum efficiency. Short Circuit Test: from short circuit test, we can find out

The Maximum Efficiency (ηmax )

series branch parameter

Maximum efficiency in percentage (% ηmax) = 97.131% Voltage Regulation Calculation: Approximate Voltage drops from phasor diagram of lagging power factor E2 - V2 = I2 (RE2Cosφ2 + XE2Sinφ2)…………(6.13) 42

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From the given value, Calculate RE2 RE2 = R2 + R1 (N2 / N1 )2………… …(6.14) RE2= 0.3 + 0.15 (600/300)2 RE2 = 0.9 Ω Similarly, Calculate XE2, XE2 = X2 + X1 (N2 / N1 )2……………(6.15) XE2= 2.381 + 1 (600/300)2 XE2 = 6.381 Ω We know that, 6000 VA = V1I1 = V2I2 So, I1 = 20 A Now, Calculate Approximate voltage Drops of Voltage Regulator E2 - V2 = I2 (RE2Cosφ2 + XE2Sinφ2)…….…(6.16) V2 = E2 - I2 (RE2Cosφ2 + XE2Sinφ2)…….…(6.17) V2 = 600 – 10 (0.9 * 0.917 + 6.381 * 0.4) V2 = 566.2 v Voltage Regulation=(E2 - V2 ) / E2 …….…(6.18) Where, E2 = 600V V2 = 566.2V Now Put the value of E2 and V2 in the equation of voltage regulation V.R. = (600-566.2) / 600 = 0.056 The voltage regulation in percentage is 5.625%.

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7.0 CONCLUSION From the above study, we may conclude that with the help of equivalent circuit diagram for transformer, we can either transfer primary winding impedance to the secondary side or Secondary winding impedance to the primary side. Further with the help of open circuit test & short circuit test, we can calculate shunt branch parameter & series branch parameter respectively. The conclusion(summary) of this article is divided into 2 parts, first is Efficiency and second is Voltage Regulation of the transformer. 1. Efficiency of Transformer

• Efficiency is directly proportional to losses in the transformer. • Losses are basically 2 types; one is Core loss & second is Copper loss • Hysteresis loss & Eddy current loss can by minimized by lamination of core which is made-up of silicon steel. • Copper loss depends on the load current. • Copper loss can be decreased by increasing the cross sectional area of the winding conductor. • Maximum efficiency occurs only when copper losses are equal to iron losses and maximum efficiency occur at only unity power factor.

2. Voltage Regulation of Transformer

• The voltageregulation should always be less for better performance of the transformer. • If the power factor of voltage regulation is lagging then the formula for voltage regulation will be:

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https://www.linkedin.com/in/igniting-power-engineers-936568200

References:

Transformer

If the power factor of voltage regulation is leading then the formula for voltage regulation will be:

Acknowledgement: The authors of this article would like to thanks all the members and experts of IGNITING POWER ENGINEERS (IPE) group. The members of the group always remain motivated and try to disseminate knowledge for the noble cause. By the constant support and motivation from the members, the Igniting Power Engineers (IPE) Group regularly conducts webinar to spread the knowledge. The recording of these webinar is uploaded on the YouTube platform also. • YouTube channel, Dr. Rajesh Arora A learner: https://youtube.com/channel/UCYFAMNSdq7SOoLdpHZL2qyQ • LinkedIn page of Igniting Power Engineers group:

[1] Dr. Rajesh Arora, Gulab Alam, Abhishek Dhasmana, Study of Causes of Failure of Distribution Transformer (DT), IEEMA November 2020. [2] Dr. Rajesh Arora, Gulab Alam, Abhishek Dhasmana, Understanding Transformer from No-Load to Full-Load Condition – Back to Basics [3] Ashfaq Husain, Haroon Ashfaq, Electrical Machines (Third Edition). [4] https://circuitglobe.com/emf-equation-of-the-transformer. html [5] https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/transformer/ transformer-loading.html [6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_test [7] https://www.electronicshub.org/open-circuit-and-shortcircuit-test-on-transformer/ [8] https://www.yourelectricalguide.com/2017/08/ transformer-efficiency.html [9] https://www.elprocus.com/what-is-the-efficiency-oftransformer-its-derivation/ EM

A u th o rs Dr. RAJESH KUMAR ARORA obtained the B. Tech. & Master of Engineering (ME) degrees in Electrical Engineering from Delhi College of Engineering, University of Delhi, India in 1999 and 2003 respectively. He completed his PhD in grounding system design from UPES, Dehradun. He is also certified Energy Manager and Auditor. He has worked in 400kV and 220kV Substation for more than 14 years in Delhi Transco Limited (DTL). He has also worked as Deputy Director (Transmission and Distribution) in Delhi Electricity Regulatory Commission (DERC) for 03 years and 06 months. He has also given his contribution in the OS department of DTL for more than 2 years and rendered his services in the SLDC of Delhi Transco Limited (DTL) also. Presently he is working in D&E (Design and Engineering) department of DTL. His research interests include high voltage technology, grounding system, protection system, computer application and power distribution automation.

GULAB ALAM FINAL YEAR STUDENT, B.TECH (EEE) HMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, GGSIPU

ABHISHEK DHASMANA FINAL YEAR STUDENT, B.TECH (EEE) HMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT, GGSIPU

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Syed Sajjadh Ali Managing Director - India Electrical Sector

Eaton Power Quality India Pvt. Ltd.

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At Eaton, we’re dedicated to improving people’s lives and the environment with power management technologies that are more reliable, efficient, safe and sustainable. Our energy-efficient products and services help our customers effectively manage electrical, hydraulic and mechanical power more reliably, efficiently, safely and sustainably. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Eaton entered India in 1999 through the global acquisition of Aeroquip Vickers. India today forms a key part of Eaton’s overall business strategy with continued expansion of the company’s manufacturing, marketing, engineering and services footprint in the country.

Businesses worldwide are dealing with varying concerns such as stress on working capital, supply chain disruption, and forced realignment of investments and projects. Eaton is over 110 years old and has survived depressions, recessions, and other economic crises. Learning from first wave, we quickly realigned ourselves and adapted to the new normal way of conducting business. We leveraged our Eaton Business System (EBS) tools to optimise our operations and business processes to make our operations lean and agile by weeding out inefficiencies. While responding to market demands, we emphasised on employee safety, support to our key stakeholders and maintain our position as global leaders in the market.

. Please enlighten us about the journey of Eaton in . How has the second wave of the pandemic affected India. What are the products and services available for business? How the company is managing risks and ensuring the Indian market? business continuity during the second wave?

Eaton’s commitment to the Indian market has been solidified by the booming Telecom and IT enabled services market and the tremendous infrastructure growth in India. Eaton’s Electrical business in India consistently meets the demands of today’s economy with its comprehensive line of products and solutions. Our solutions range from UPS to circuit breakers to MV/LV switchgear to machine controls to Fusegear to monitoring software solutions. We offer a full portfolio of backup power and surge protection, providing maximum uptime and guarding against power surges or outages. Our comprehensive portfolio of end-to-end electrical solutions is complemented by our full-scale engineering and support services.

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. Could you brief us about the performance of Eaton and about the overall performance of the industry? Rise in power generation from renewable energy sources will boost growth. Although the economic crisis had a profound impact on our end markets in 2020, we delivered better-thanexpected financial results and had one of our best years ever in total shareholder returns. This is clear evidence of how we’re becoming a stronger company. We created the Eaton Digital Office and launched our new market-facing Brightlayer™ platform. Our other key focus is to leverage our leadership in providing efficient solutions to accelerate the global energy transition. Energy transition is an increasingly used industry term that covers three related macro trends – first is the ever increasing electrification of buildings and transport, the second is that within electricity, we see a major shift in the fuel source that create electricity from coal and natural gas to renewables such as solar and wind. And then finally, the structure of electricity generation is changing with a dramatic rise in distributed energy resources. For example, solar at your home or in the office building.

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Eaton has focused on enhancing its presence in India in all business segments and on tapping into the diverse opportunities that the country offers, including critical manufacturing and engineering capabilities, product development, service centers and globally competitive sourcing. While India offers a huge market opportunity in itself, it also serves as a strategic location to enhance Eaton’s global competitiveness. Today, with 5500+ employees, 8 manufacturing sites, presence in 19 key locations and over twenty years of proven capabilities, Eaton is uniquely positioned to play a distinct part in the country’s growth story. Eaton’s India Professional Services Center with 2000+ employees offers a spectrum of capabilities from an integrated facility in Pune. The Center enables Eaton globally to innovate, enhance efficiencies, strengthen its customer focus and create value. Eaton’s Supply Chain Center of Excellence in Pune partners with Eaton plants and Supply Chain teams across the world in their sustained endeavors towards enhancing their overall operational efficiencies. The Eaton India Innovation Center in Pune, with its 1900+ strong workforce is driving engineering and R&D projects for all of Eaton’s global businesses. Eaton’s Electrical business in India is geared up to provide power distribution, power quality and back-up, control and automation, power monitoring and management solutions and services to commercial, residential, utility, alternative energy, IT and data centers, public sector institutional and OEMs.

. What are the special initiatives taken by the organization for the wellbeing of the employees? One of our business goals is to ensure the safety, health, and well-being of our employees, and we take that very seriously. We are following all the safety and hygiene guidelines defined by the WHO and local health authorities. All sites are strictly following laid down protocols which include self-screening, sanitizing, temperature monitoring, social distancing and other processes. Our teams have received trainings on COVID-19

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awareness and precautions. In addition to this, we have introduced various policies to support hybrid work model. We regularly conduct townhall and address the challenges faced by our employees.

Interview

. What are some of the new and promising technology trends that are shaping the Indian electrical equipment industry? 2021 promises to be a year of hope and optimism. Despite the challenges of ill-fated 2020, current backdrop of recovery in global sentiment, bounce back in local demand, and ample liquidity provides a supportive launchpad for India to lead the journey of economic recovery in 2021. Indian power sector is expected to play a crucial role in this recovery. Few trends that will impact Indian power sector in 2021. Technology: While the sector has been undergoing an overhaul over the last few years, the coronavirus pandemic underscored the need of accelerated technological upgradation. Transmission: Large scale grid connected solar and wind plants are usually located in the far-flung areas, where there is limited existing transmission infrastructure. Renewable power generating companies have urged for adequate grid availability in the past.

Q. How is Eaton transforming itself to cater to the

emerging needs of the Indian electrical industry?

we have laid out a state-of-the-art production line for manufacturing RMU’s in the Pondicherry plant equipped with high precision robotic welding machines; 100KV die electric and partial discharge test capabilities; upgraded our power quality test laboratories for various simulation tests and now possess the capability of testing UPS with loads of over 2MW; and real time capturing of auto clave steaming process with SCADA capabilities in the manufacturing of semiconductor fuses.

Q. How technologies like IoT, Big Data and other smart

technologies are helping the industry in survival?

The global manufacturing industry is undergoing a massive overhaul, with the advent of the fourth industrial revolution— Industry 4.0. Add to that, the pandemic has accelerated the pace of digital transformation to meet the evolving demand and challenges of manufacturing, logistics, and supply chain. Digital connectivity exists across the manufacturing floor, electric grid, buildings, healthcare facilities, transportation and in the home. We are innovating Intelligent Power solutions that collect data, learn and provide actionable insights to optimize power use and continuity. We make the “things” that make the Internet of Things work. Our electrical, aerospace, and vehicle products and services live at the origin of data. And with that data, we help our customers operate more efficiently than ever. EM

In continuation with enlarging our manufacturing footprint

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Testing & Measuring Instruments

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The Indian growth story is giving new dimensions to every allied segment requirements T&M Instruments trade improvement Discussing the highest T&M instruments trends & key product technologies that may influence the market growth - the electronic equipment (testgear) trade is ontogeny as ne'er before. now not restricted to the assembly of such mainstays as ammeters, multi-meters, ohmmeters, & voltmeters, the trade currently includes a large array of merchandise. General Purpose Electronic T&M Instruments embrace Multimeters, Logic Analyzers, Signal Generators (Radio Frequency Signal Generators, Microwave Signal Generators, wave shape Generators), Oscilloscopes (Digital Oscilloscopes, Analog Oscilloscopes, & PC-Based Oscilloscopes), Spectrum Analyzers, Network Analyzers, Extension-Based, & Others. finish Use Industries area unit Communications, part & Military/Defense, natural philosophy producing, Industrial natural philosophy & Automotive, & Others. Today’s T&M Trends & Developments As client natural philosophy devices get smarter, their applications area unit migrating from the private to the work setting. victimisation laptop computers – a similar laptop – reception place of labor (and all points in between) could be a reality of life. However, area unit good phones & tablets taking this to level that might amendment the means within which engineers move with their operating

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world? Not solely can individuals expect to regulate their heating, TVs , cookery et al with their client devices, they're going to additionally expect to try to to this at work further. Megatrends like connected living, big data, good cities computing can drive the long run of the communications equipment market, in step with Frost & Sullivan, as computer code technologies become additional pervasive & a digitalized world becomes inevitable & the quality of good devices, networks & applications produce the requirement for custom-built testing solutions. shopping for associate instrument accustomed be simple, in the maximum amount you nominal what you wished & then found instrumentation to satisfy that specification. Obviously, this defines the restrictions of what that instrument is used for, however T&M corporations over more modern years have introduced ways that to form their instruments each cheaper versatile. Instruments thus became upgradeable, or scalable, to stay initial outlay to a minimum, whereas maximising the potential applications for that instrument. New Phase of Test The world is increasingly software oriented, & the way we interact with devices is changing. Smartphones, set top boxes & even automobiles are now defined by their embedded software. With

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T&M Instruments 52

this evolution, we are challenged to keep up with the pace of innovation & the resulting complexities. Two decades ago, testing a phone meant getting a signal. Today, the design, test & production of a mobile device involve an entire ecosystem of functionality, applications &technology, resulting in a necessarily different approach to test. Building a test system to solve today’s challenges is no longer a simple problem. Instead, it requires evaluation of expanding test requirements & an architecture that can last over time. It’s important to choose a platform that can harness the technology curve while enabling abstraction & integration. Devices under test (DUTs) are moving away from single purpose, hardware centric entities with limited capability to multipurpose, software-centric entities with endless capability. Why shouldn’t your test system evolve in the same way? Making the switch from traditional instruments with vendor defined functionality to software defined architecture, allows user defined measurements & analysis in real time.You can even extend this flexibility through the deployment of algorithms to an onboard FPGA for increased instrument performance. With software defined approach, the commercial off the shelf (COTS) technology powering the latest DUTs can power your test system in the same way – optimizing your test architecture for years to come. This transition under way in mobile devices offers insight into an important trend for T&M: the power of the software centric ecosystem. Early mobile telephones were built to make calls first and, later, to send text messages, but the capabilities were defined almost completely by the vendor. Once the software on these devices was opened up, extended capabilities – ranging from music players to cameras to email – followed quickly. But the effectiveness of the transition was more than just an open software experience. Apple, & later Google, built robust ecosystems around their products & created a community of developers for ‘apps’ that accelerated usefulness. The inherent openness & community concept, arguably, could have been fostered by traditional mobile phone providers themselves, but it was Apple & Google who shifted the focus from hardware devices to software environments, developing & deploying mobile OSs, as well as hardware to leverage them. By exposing an appropriate level of customization to users & third party developers, they succeeded in changing fundamentally the way consumers view their mobile phones. This same concept is now making an impact on T&M. Communities of developers & integrators, building on standard software platforms, are using commercial off the shelf (COTS) technology to extend the functionality of complex hardware into applications previously impossible. The level of productivity & collaboration delivered by software centric ecosystems will have a profound effect on test system design over the next three to five years. Industry Viewpoints

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Mobile Network Operators (MNO): Managed Services concept is in demand & trend. Most of MNO are using this trend for IT, network related services besides other non-technical services. T&M on rent is other popular trend in seen for last 2-3 years. T&M on rent is good choice for shorter projects/ requirement while buying new T&M is value for longer use. Support of multiple technologies like GSM, CDMA, WiMAX, WCDMA, LTE or WiFion single platform is in demand from industry for T&M industry. Site sharing is other trend which helps to achieve lower CAPEX&OPEX. All in one Box for production testing is other demanding product which saves space, time & cost during production. Field instrument are more rugged no & they support multiple interface & technology, so that engineer do not need to carry multiple instrument.LTE, Cloud Computing, WiFi off load, WLAN, Green telecom, M2M, Connected life style, research toward 5G race are top trends for 2015. The engineering T&M equipment market is expected to witness a CAGR of 24.5% by end of 2015. Some of the major market drivers include the increasing demand for electronic products & the rising need for T&M equipment for use in semiconductor devices. The high cost of production & increasing competition among vendors are some of the major challenges faced by the market. One of the emerging trends in the Global T&M Equipment market is the miniaturization of T&M equipment. Miniaturized T&M equipment are flexible & easy to use. The fast growth of the market in the Electronics industry is leading to the development of small-sized electronic devices for which miniaturized T&M equipment are required. For instance, the T&M equipment used in consumer electronics & other minute components need to be very small in size. Hence, the vendors are moving toward the trend of miniaturization. The Indian growth story is giving new dimensions to every allied segment requirements. The Telecom, Defence, Automotive, Electronics Manufacturing, Aerospace, Consumer Electronics, contract-manufacturing, R&D, etc. have seen increased allocations in the area of product design / testing / Quality of Service improvement. T&M is a derivative market capitalizing on success of above & plays an important role in every phase of the product life cycle. One of the key beneficiaries of the growth in the Indian industry is Education sector that needs to adapt to new technologies & brace them for the next level. These all have resulted in the spurt in requirements for T&M instruments. Speaking on developments in the industry, there is vast impact of technological changes in T&M instruments by virtue of size, display technology, resolution, measuring frequencies & other features under test/measurement. Integration of more & more test / measurement capabilities in single unit to simplify test process is outcome of such advancement. Advancement in digital convergence has made it possible to monitor & control T&M ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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T&M Instruments 54

instruments remotely too. Technological advancement in every related feature shall have an impact on this industry. We need to have close watch on future trends & brace ourselves with frequent Changes. We feel the thrust on digital convergence would have larger impact on future T&M products. Rental – an Attractive Alternative to keep pace with Latest Demand Test equipment rental is now seeing considerable traction across India, given the rapid acceleration of the technology sector here. As a result we see a lot of potential for further growth during 2015. Next generation technologies are emerging rapidly & new industry standards are being adopted. This means that key test requirements are continuing to evolve. With everything in a constant state of flux, there is a risk that purchased equipment will quickly become outdated & effectively made redundant. Rental therefore presents an attractive alternative to direct purchase, as the customer is not tied down to any item of equipment long term – they can change it as their test requirements change. Highlighting trends –Deployment of Fibre to the Home (FTTH) is becoming more widespread across Europe & here in India the fibre market is also growing at pace. In response to this we are investing heavily in advanced optical equipment, such as OTDRs, so that we can meet the needs of our customer base as this particular market develops further. In addition, the rollout of next generation mobile networks is calling for employment of new types of instrumentation. For example, GPS antenna alignment tools are becoming a key part of mobile site installation. Through this operators can ensure there are no holes in network coverage, around the borders between cells, due to antennas being badly positioned. This means that network quality is upheld & prevents drop calls occurring that will frustrate subscribers. Speaking on key drivers, the principle driver that we see characterizing the current Indian market is demand for higher quality equipment. People are becoming more aware that the test hardware they use must be serviced & recalibrated on a regular basis. They are moving away from older, less well

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looked after equipment & looking to gain access to up to date models via rental. As well as the financial advantages that rental offers when it comes to sourcing quality equipment, there are logistical advantages too. Procedures in place so that equipment is available to cover the items being repaired, thereby safeguarding against loss of revenue through equipment downtime. In India the need to get sophisticated test equipment from a reliable & dependable source is greater now than ever. As a result rental companies that have good quality equipment, flexible rental options & an expansive portfolio of products will be well positioned to capitalize on the opportunities that lie ahead in the coming year. Government push for Make in India, new manufacturing establishment (SEZ), new spectrum auction, broadband for all, Information highways (building backbone network for high speed data usages), Upgradation of existing telecom network & roll out of LTE technology, local application content on smartphone are key drivers. Government planning to test all imported telecom gear. EMF Radiation measurement is other demand in T&M industry. Transport technology is updating to 100G from 1G/10G.Anritsu has been providing Telecom T&M solution to Indian market since long. We were biggest Optical T&M supplies to BSNL during initial fiber deployment phase in India. Anritsu products are known for its quality & high reliability in India. Anritsu works closely with all stakeholders in telecom eco system & preferred T&M partner. According to the new market research report by Industry ARC titled the market is expected to grow from $2.5 billion in 2017 to $3.7 billion by 2023, at a CAGR of 28.6%. Asia-Pacific continues to expand its market share & growth during 2018-2023.Since China has an enhanced information communication technology supply chain, which includes semiconductors & related equipment. Therefore, a huge demand for electrical test equipment from this sector has accelerated the growth of the market. A major change has been figured out where Asia-Pacific experienced an increase of 3% in revenue in the existing market. America is still the leading market for T&M, as it holds the highest share of 45% since 2015. High frequency of manufacturing, adoption of smartphones by the people & adoption of data connections are other driving factors accelerating the growth of the market in America. Selected Industrial Vertical Analysis done in the full Report: Globally, there has been a consistent rise in mobile penetration from the past decade. The telecommunications sector is one of the fastest growing industries across the globe. Trends including mobile broadband, IoT, cloud computing & Big Data management are currently propelling the growth of the telecom industry. As wireless technology play a major role in the aerospace & defense market, demand for spectrum analyzers & signal generators with higher frequencies & wider bandwidths are estimated to increase over the forecast period. Followed by semiconductor & electronics industry & the medical industry, demand for electronic devices has been increasing which ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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standards for quality, safety & environmental. In addition, the government initiatives such as Make in India, Smart Cities, indigenizing defense equipment manufacturing, Digital India, etc. are also pushing the demand for T&M equipment. Sectors such as telecom, defense, automotive, electronics, aerospace, etc. are increasing allocations in the areas of product design, testing & quality of service improvement. T&M industry is capitalizing on this trend as it plays an important role in every phase of the product life cycle. “The growing demand for bandwidth, multiple devices & increasingly complex network architecture will continue fueling growth in the T&M market. The key driving factors would be the explosion in telecom & data services in the aerospace/defense sector. The sector may witness the emergence of specialized companies & also consolidation. This will segregate pure-play hardware & T&M system companies. According to the Tech Navio report, one of the main drivers in this market is the increase in R&D investment. Advantages such as high growth potential & relatively low manufacturing costs help to bring more technological innovations through continuous R&D. Megatrends such as connected living, big data, smart cities & wearable computing are driving the communications test equipment market. In a digitalized world, the complexity of smart devices, networks & applications are creating the need for customized testing & monitoring solutions. One key trend in the market is the need for compatibility of test equipment. The need for compatibility of test equipment is the main focus of T&M equipment vendors when developing new products. The continuously evolving technology has made the product lifecycle of T&M equipment short, thereby requiring new T&M equipment to test new technology. This has created a need for T&M vendors to develop new equipment capable of testing new technologies&is also compatible with old technologies. Telecom: The prime growth engine Testing & measurement requirements have changed over time with the evolving standards in the telecom industry. Telecom industry has witnessed unprecedented growth in the past two decades & with an increasing subscriber base, the deployment of next-generation technologies & unprecedented data traffic, network complexity has also increased. This market is mainly driven by two considerations – performance & conformance of the equipment & systems to industry standards. While performance specifications are tested as per the manufacturer’s references, conformance parameters are evaluated to meet the concerned industry standards. The key growth drivers of the T&M industry are the introduction of new telecom technologies, explosion of data/video services, roll-out of 4G services, new quality of service (QoS) demands resulting from the increase in call drops, conformity to radiation specifications, spectrum management, etc. In September 2017, the Department of Telecommunications issued a notification mandating equipment makers to get their products tested & certified from the agency or body authorized || JULY 2021 ||

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is simultaneously increasing the adoption of T&M by electronics OEMs in recent years. In the automated test equipment, new energy vehicles such as electric & hybrid vehicles & soon have been estimated to strengthen their footprint, which stimulates the automotive test equipment utilization, & there is a scope of embedding these systems in automobiles, thus increasing the adoption of T&M. High manufacturing of electronics parts such as displays, server/ storage equipment, electronic measurement, electron-medical equipment & others across the globe have escalated the demand of the wireless test equipment market. National Instruments debuted a 5G New Radio (NR), sub-6GHz emulator. The company assures that the technology will reduce time-to-market &lower costs of 5G testing, a new engineering till date. Increasing internet penetration, evolution of communication technologies to support high data rates, low latency rate & so on, has elevated the use of consumer electronics. To meet the growing demands of the consumer electronics, OEMs have been focusing on T&M as a part of R&D equipment to sustain in a competitive environment & to increase the market revenue that has significantly propelled the T&M market revenue in the recent past. T&M equipment: Raising the quality bar With increasing usage of electronics (across industries) & stringent standards for quality, safety, & environmental, the demand for T&M (T&M) equipment is expected to rise in near future. T&M (T&M) equipment finds application in the initial design, development, verification, maintenance, & repair of various electronic& mechanical products. Electronics industry is primarily considered to the growth driver of T&M equipment in the country. T&M equipment are used for testing & measuring in electronic devices such as cellphones, digital cameras, MP3 players, solar inverters, etc. According to TechNavio, the T&M equipment market in India is expected to grow at a CAGR of 13.24% over the period 2015-2019.T&M equipment market in India can be segmented into three product segments general purpose, wireless communications & fiber optic. The current market for general-purpose T&M equipment is estimated at worth over $ 200 million. Some of the leading vendors of T&M equipment are Agilent Technologies, Anritsu, JDS Uniphase, Rohde & Schwarz & Spirent Communications. Some of the mechanical products that have the use of T&M equipment include turbines, automotive car suspensions, & aircraft propulsion systems. Depending on end-user requirements, T&M equipment use can vary from simple to complex automated devices. T&M equipment enhance the efficiency, reliability, & accuracy of electronic/mechanical products. Market opportunities Some of the major drivers for T&M equipment industry include the increasing usage of electronics (across industries); growing need to validate the performance of equipment;&stringent

T&M Instruments 56

by the DoT before selling or importing them in India. This order comes into effect from October 1, 2018. For this, the government plans to set up labs & testing centres which will go a long way in addressing the problems faced by operators while simultaneously opening up new opportunities for T&M players in the country. Rentals on rise One of the key challenges faced by industry is price sensitivity of consumers buying T&M equipment. Customers in the market are very price conscious & tend to purchase low-priced T&M equipment at the expense of quality & added features. Renting equipment on rent can be a viable solution to this problem. The inherent characteristic of the T&M market is such that the evolving telecom standards render T&M equipment obsolete quickly. Next generation technologies are emerging rapidly & new industry standards are being adopted. This means that key test requirements are continuing to evolve. With everything in a constant state of flux, there is a risk that purchased equipment will quickly become outdated & effectively made redundant. Therefore, rental is an attractive alternative to direct purchase, as the customer is not tied down to any item of equipment for long time & can opt for new equipment depending upon their changing test requirements. Experts believe that T&M on rent is good option for shorter projects, while buying new T&M will be cost-effective for longer use. In the last few years, the rental market has gained traction as it allows the customer flexibility to switch to the latest equipment without incurring significant investment. As a result rental companies that have good quality equipment, flexible rental options & an expansive portfolio of products are in position to capitalize on the opportunities that lie ahead in the coming year. Miniaturization: The game changer Thanks to the growing demand for portable devices & connected environment due the Internet of Things (IoT) consumers are looking to adopt on-site testing. This is also leading to miniaturizing of T&M equipment. Miniaturized T&M equipment are flexible & easy to use. The fast growth of the market in the electronics industry is leading to the development of small-sized electronic devices for which miniaturized T&M equipment are required. For instance, the T&M equipment used in consumer electronics & other minute components need to be very small in size. Hence, the vendors are moving toward the trend of miniaturization. Digital convergence The rapid evolution towards higher frequencies & wider modulation bandwidth, coupled with the advent of technologies such as 5G, is creating growth opportunities for advanced T&M equipment. According to Ghosh, 5G has the potential to revolutionize many industries such as telecommunications, automotive, energy, health care & more. The technology is

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expected to be several times faster than 4G&would provide a backdrop for the billions of devices to be connected to the internet as it would boost M2M communication & the internet of things (IoT) market. The demand for communication T&M solutions is on a rise on account of growing bandwidth demand & introduction of next generation cellular & wireless technologies. In addition, increased R&D spending in telecommunication sector coupled with growth in mobile phone market have fueled market momentum. Advancements in digital convergence have made it possible to monitor & control T&M instruments remotely. Devices under test are moving away from single purpose, hardware centric entities with limited capability to multipurpose, software-centric entities with endless capability. T&M equipment industry is following the same track. Today, T&M market is increasingly adopting a software-defined approach towards instrumentation, which allows expeditious upgradation of solutions as per changing network & technology requirements. Over the next three to five years, the level of productivity & collaboration delivered by software centric ecosystems will have a profound effect on test system design. India Test and Measurement industry is witnessing a good growth. The key growth driver is the largest end-user in telecommunications industry, as this sector has grown both terrestrially and via satellites. The sophistication here is high and it covers a wide range of techniques and measurement topologies. Telecommunication networks are exceedingly dependent on the functionality of electronic test and measurement instruments, as the minutest distortion of signals can result in failure to communicate. Establishment of new networks need to upgrade existing communication infrastructure are the major demand drivers for electronic test and measurement instruments market. The next large market is education and training. Engineering education is growing and so is the market. Fast obsolescence is another reason for market growth. T&M products are also needed in applications such as defense and industrial automation. The Indian GP test equipment market is characterized by a mix of indigenous participants and multinationals. Agilent Technologies India Pvt. Ltd., Rhode & Schwarz, Anritsu, Tektronix, Inc., and Fluke are some of the major multinationals in the market. Indian manufacturers such as KusamMeco, Aplab Limited, Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd., and Scientific Mes-Technik Pvt. Ltd. also compete in the GP market. Indian suppliers focus on low frequency products and target educational institutes, whereas large multinational foreign suppliers focus on high-frequency products targeted at research institutes and the defence segment. With continuous change in the communication and electronics market, buttressed by the wireless revolution, OEMs are under constant pressure to offer turnkey test solutions for the constantly evolving technologies. In order to cater to the evolving demands of the end-user companies, test and measurement majors focus on ||www.electricalmirror.net||

An ISO 9001:2015 Company

POWER TESTING INSTRUMENTS HIGH VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN TESTER MODEL- KM-HVBT-3 (3kv/20mA) / KM-HVBT-5 (5kv/20mA) / KM-HVBT-10 (10 kv/20mA) ● Suitable for AC HIGH VOLTAGE breakdown test of Electrical Equipment as per Speciﬁcation. ● Digital Current / Voltage Display ● Built in mer to set test me ● User Selectable Tripping Current ● Zero Start for safety ● Over Load Tripping Protec on ● Test ON Indicator

DIGITAL MICRO OHM METER

MODEL- KM-8500-10

● Four Terminal Measurement eliminates lead resistance errors. ● Highly stable Current Source 10A for accurate and stable measurements ● Digital Display 4 ½ digit.

● Resolution 0.1 Micro Ohm in 2 milli Ohm range

● Protection against back EMF for high inductive loads.

DIGITAL MICRO OHM METER ● 3½ Digit Digital value read out.

MODEL- KM-8500-100

● Resistance measured by true Four terminal method.

● Resistance Range: a) 0 TO 199.9mOhm (100Amp), b) 0 TO 1999 mOhm (100Amp) ● Regulated and Highly stable 100 Amp max CONSTANT CURRENT source. ● Test ON and OFF Switch provided for safe operation. ● 0.1 micro ohm resolution in 1999 micro Ohm Range

AUTOMATIC OIL INSULATION TEST SET MODEL- KM-AOITS-100KV ● Display: 20 x 4 backlit LCD

● Output Voltage : 0-100KV AC

● Fully compatible with IEC60156:1995

● Built-in printer & PC connectivity

● Pre-loaded testing programs for 16 standards ● 3 custom program settings ● 100 internal test data storage

● Precise voltage measurement

● True sine high-voltage on electrodes

● Indicator HT ON/OFF, all safety interlock.

RELAY TEST SET / SECONDARY INJECTION TEST SET

Model : KM-RTS

www.kusamelectrical.com

● Suitable for Resistive loads

Input :230V AC, single phase, 50Hz ● Time Measurement : 09.999 Sec to 9999 Sec in four ranges Output : Current O/p: 0-1/0-2/0-5/0-10/0-20 Amp@10V AC/ DC Volt Output : Continuously variable 0-230VAC Capacity 150 VA (Max) Current Metering :Digital Meter Basic Range : 0 1A/5A AC Scaled in 0 to 100% for all selected range Accuracy : 1.5% of FSD ● Voltage Metering : Digital Meter Basic Range : 0 300VDC Accuracy : 1.5% of FSD ● ● ● ●

® An ISO 9001:2015 Company

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G-17, Bharat Industrial Estate, T. J. Road, Sewree (W), Mumbai - 400015. Tel.: 022- 24156638, 27754546, 24124540, 24181649, 27750662, 27750292 E-mail : sales@kusam-meco.co.in || JULY 2021 ||

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R&D to constantly develop newer and advanced test equipment. With all of the above trends and development and approach setting in, the test and measurement market in India is all set to boom. There are areas of interest for every player in the market, and the global as well as domestic demand for test, measurement, and instrumentation is set to grow significantly in coming years. Calibrating Test and Measurement Equipment Test and measurement equipment (T&ME) must be periodically calibrated to ensure it’s operating within its specified parameters. Of course, the uncertainty of the system used to calibrate the equipment shouldn’t add appreciable error to this process. Test and measurement equipment (T&ME) must be periodically calibrated to ensure it’s operating within its specified parameters. And, of course, the uncertainty of the system used to calibrate the equipment shouldn’t add appreciable error to this process. The calibration process usually involves comparison of the T&ME to a standard that has similar functions with better accuracies. The comparison between the accuracy of the unit under test (UUT) and the accuracy of the standard is known as test accuracy ratio (TAR). However, this ratio doesn’t consider other potential sources of error in the calibration process. Errors in the calibration process aren’t only associated with the specifications of the standard; such errors can also originate from sources such as environmental variations, other devices used in the calibration process, technician errors, etc. These errors should be identified and quantified to get an estimation of the calibration uncertainty. These are typically stated at a 95 percent confidence level (k = 2). The comparison between the accuracy of the UUT and the estimated calibration uncertainty is known as test uncertainty ratio (TUR). This ratio is more reliable because it accounts for possible sources of error in the calibration process that the TAR does not. Also important is the selection of the test points, which should be chosen carefully to give a high degree of confidence that the UUT is operating within its specified parameters. The TUR should also be large enough to provide reliability of the calibration. A 4:1 TUR is the point for which most high-quality calibration labs strive. It’s the point at which the level of in-tolerance probability stays at 100 percent the longest, with the best economies of scale. In some cases, a 4:1 TUR may be unachievable. Factors that could cause a situation where the TUR is < 4:1 include: Availability of adequate standards The technology of the respective T&ME approaching the intrinsic level of the specific discipline The user may accept the higher risk associated with the achievable TUR (e.g., 2:1) as opposed to demanding the achievement of a 4:1 TUR. In cases where a 4:1 TUR is necessary, the calibration

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provider may incur a substantial capital investment expense to purchase the appropriate lab standards. This might lead to an increase in the calibration price, which is the other alternative: choosing to pay higher costs for better measurement assurance (and reduced risk). With a TUR of 1:1, the total uncertainty of the calibration process is as good as (but not better than) the tolerance of the UUT. If these two instrument readings match exactly and the UUT has no error, the risk of the UUT making a measurement outside its specification is limited to its drift. This is more prevalent with electronic T&ME. It’s now important to estimate, how long the UUT will maintain (repeat) the measured value. Most manufacturers determine the drift, or instability, of their product and match these with a recommended calibration cycle to ensure the UUT drift doesn’t exceed its specified tolerance during this cycle or calibration interval. The user needs to be aware of this increased risk. If drift occurs between calibrations, the potential for the UUT to operate outside of its specifications increase with lower TUR’s. T&ME that drifts outside of its designed specifications could proliferate incorrect measurements, which could have detrimental effects on products or systems. The result is that a 1:1 TUR carries a higher risk of the UUT operating outside its design specifications and increases the probability of making bad measurements. However, there are situations that can’t provide better than a 1:1 TUR. This is typically seen at the higher levels in the traceability chain, where complex statistical evaluations and calibration cycle algorithms are performed. Metrologists, physicists and engineers perform work at this level to mitigate the risks involved in transferring measurements between national measurement institutes such as the National Institute of Standards Technology. Users of general purpose T&ME expect their calibration provider to verify that their instruments are operating within the design specifications. The reason for the recommendation of minimum TUR’s (such as 4:1 or 10:1) from quality standards is to ensure that the calibration process can provide a high level of confidence that the instrument is operating within its design specifications. Providing acceptable TURs isn’t always the practice of calibration providers. If the provider doesn’t give an acceptable TUR, the customer should be made aware of the achievable TUR so the customer can make the decision of whether to proceed with the calibration. When an instrument is calibrated, it’s either found within or outside of its design tolerance. In the situation of a 1:1 TUR, with the instrument reading exactly at nominal, there’s a high probability (approaching 100%) that the instrument is in tolerance. If the instrument is found at the very top of its tolerance band, then there’s nearly a 50 percent chance that the instrument is outside of its design specification, regardless of the TUR. Instruments are rarely found exactly at nominal. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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T&M Instruments 60

As Figure 1 demonstrates, for a 1:1 TUR, as soon as the UUT reading deviates from nominal, there’s a high probability that the instrument could actually be outside its design specification, even though the reading implies that it’s within its specifications. Even if the instrument is found/left at nominal, there isn’t allowance for drift over time and the UUT will likely fail its subsequent calibration or drift outside its design specification during use. At a 2:1 TUR, there’s a higher in-tolerance probability off nominal (which equates to about 35% of the tolerance band) with the in-tolerance probability dropping below 90 percent at 40 percent of the tolerance band, and gradually decreasing to 50 percent thereafter. A 4:1 TUR is probably the most widely used guideline in the calibration industry. This is the point at which the level of in-tolerance probability stays at 100 percent the longest, with the best economies of scale. At a 4:1 TUR, the in-tolerance probability stays flat at 100 percent (to about 50% of the instrument’s tolerance band), drops below 90 percent (at 70% of the tolerance band) and then cuts off sharply to 50 percent thereafter. A guard band adjustment level when the “as received” reading exceeds 70 percent of the tolerance would benefit the reliability of the calibration. At a 10:1 TUR, the in-tolerance probability stays flat at 100 percent (through approximately 80% of the instruments tolerance band), at which point it drops very sharply to 50 percent. A guard band adjustment level when the “as received” reading exceeds 85 percent of the tolerance would benefit the reliability of the calibration. A 10:1 TUR gives higher confidence than the others mentioned, but in many situations it may be impractical because of costs or limits in the technology. It took a change from 4:1 to 10:1 to gain a mere 15 percent improvement in the guard band level. Furthermore, a TUR of 100:1 gives approximately 100 percent confidences that the unit is within its design specification throughout 98 percent of its tolerance band. However, this is quite impractical because of the cost associated with getting to this level of uncertainty, or the limits in the technology. To this point, it took a factor of 10 to gain only 15 percent of improvement in the guard band level. Guard band adjustment by a calibration provider should be a

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defind process, whereas the calibration provider would provide an adjustment to the UUT at 70 percent of its tolerance band when a 4:1 TUR is used. This isn’t common practice with calibration providers. As a user of T&ME, you should question your provider as to whether this “guard band adjustment” process is part of their standard practice or, if not, this could be provided. It isn’t always possible to provide adjustment to T&ME. Some T&ME that have a fixed value such as gage blocks, fixed mass and fixed resistors, wouldn’t be practical to adjust. For this type of equipment, the user must understand the implications and use either certified values in their measurement process or make adjustments in confidence levels of their measurement process. There may be other situations in which adjustment of T&ME isn’t possible because of the adjustment of a respective range of the T&ME. The lower end of the range may need to be adjusted to 80 percent of its tolerance so the higher end of the range meets its tolerance. In these situations, it would be advisable to demand a higher TUR from the calibration provider. What values of TUR can realistically be achieved in practice? This depends on the parameter being measured, the standard being used and the current technology available for the measurement. If the technology hasn’t been developed to achieve better than a 2:1 TUR for a specific parameter, that’s the best measurement that can be achieved. It’s left to the end-user of the UUT to apply this information properly to their process. As statistical process control becomes more prevalent in industry, TUR values can be achieved by identifying confidence levels in processes and, in turn, identifying limitations in T&ME used to control those processes. The assumption that T&ME is always giving exact measurements within their respective design specifications must be questioned. Each user must understand how the uncertainties associated with the measurements in their process relate through the chain of measurement traceability. Understanding and properly applying the right TUR can help users ensure adequate measurements to the requirements of the process, without spending more than needed to achieve accurate results. Calibration service providers that have invested heavily in ISO/ IEC 17025 understand the application of uncertainties in their measurement process. In most cases, best practice is to strive for a 4:1 TUR with adjustment made at 70 percent of the tolerance band. In some instances, the TUR of a given measurement process, as related to the UUTs tolerance, will be less than 4:1—particularly because of the limitations of the technology inherent in the standards that are available today. In these cases, when the TUR falls below this accepted 4:1 level, the actual TUR should be stated and adjustments made so that the in- tolerance probability is greater than 95 percent. As ISO/IEC 17025 gains momentum, more and more calibration labs will begin to report the TUR. It’s good to always question what the TUR is when receiving calibration services. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

imTEyAz SiddiqUi Regional Area Manager South Asia & GCC, Vice-Chairman, TMMS Divison, IEEMA

Altanova India Pvt. Ltd.

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The current calendar year (2021) so far and the first quarter of the financial year (2021-22) have been very encouraging for us. Thanks to the all-around support from the ever-charged ALTANOVA India team, we have grown even during the pandemic. However, the second wave has affected the order execution and delayed many projects due to the lockdown enforced in the major parts of the country. It was also when many colleagues and customers went through mental trauma and emotional breakdown due to losing their near & dear ones. We are relieved that the worst is over now, and the team is back in action. Most of our colleagues are vaccinated, and we are now taking care of the customer’s requirements following all the Covid protocols and the guidelines released by the Government from time to time.

As I see it, digitization of the T&D substations & online monitoring of high-value electrical assets will be the future of our industry. Hence, we will see that the T&M products will also go through required changes to effectively cater to the changed scenario. Furthermore, T&M equipment is designed and manufactured with the IEC-61850 communication protocol. The manufacturers make continuous efforts to reduce the cost of online continuous monitoring solutions, which will ultimately increase the installations of online monitoring systems in the electrical network. I also believe that the T&M sector will see many changes in the coming years due to the pathbreaking innovations in Artificial Intelligence and IoT.

. How has this year been for ALTANOVA Group? How has the . What are some of the new and promising technology trends second wave of the pandemic affected business? that are shaping the Indian electrical equipment industry?

the quality of the electrical industry? Is there any new addition to your products?

We being the manufacturer of reliable Testing and Monitoring Instruments, ensures that the quality of the manufactured products is maintained both at the manufacturing facilities of our OEM customers and in the field of operations for Utilities. Our team has been in continuous contact with our customers and has provided regular online support and even physical visits in critical situations. We have added our portfolio online monitoring of temperature, humidity and PD monitoring solution for LV/MV switchgears. We are also providing services for on-site PD measurement and insulation diagnostics to our esteemed customers. As we believe that the HVDC is the future, we are also manufacturing & supplying Space Charge Measurement (PEA) systems to study the insulation behaviour of DC. In India, we have supplied this system to IIT Madras and IIT Kanpur. We have also supplied this system to the R&D laboratories of major cable manufacturing companies involved in the design and development of HVDC cables.

sector?

The Government is doing much-needed reforms in the T&D sector, which is quite positive. I believe this will have a long term effect on the power sector. However, we expect the Government to address the below issues on priority: (i) Delay in the execution of projects leading to cost overruns resulting in the loss of profitability. (ii) Adversely hit by the unexpected Covid-19 pandemic. (iii) Delay in payments from the state utilities, discoms, EPC contractors etc., resulting in major cashflow problems. (iv) Blockage of lots of money/credit lines due to high EMDs for tenders bank guarantees. Despite the continuous push from the Government, even the Government organizations are not reducing the EMDs and BGs from the existing 10% to 3%. Delay in releasing the BGs on time is also a major issue faced by the power sector. If the Central/State Governments can sensitize the respective utilities to pay their suppliers on time, reduce EMDs & BGS and release the BGs on expiry. In my opinion, this will help the industry big time to manage its cash flows.

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Q. How is ALTANOVA Group playing a major role in ensuring

Q. How are government policies influencing the power & energy

Q. What are your top priorities for ALTANOVA Group for the Q. Could you brief us about the performance of ALTANOVA next one to two years? What are the company’s growth plans?

Group and the overall performance of the industry?

Like other industries, the T&M industry has also been through difficult times due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Many projects have been either held up or delayed due to the frequent lockdowns in different parts of the country. During the first phase of the pandemic last year, we saw the departure of migrant labour to their hometowns, which created the skilled manpower availability problem and resulted in the delay of many infrastructural development projects. However, electricity being an essential requirement of the country, we also witnessed a comparatively quicker recovery. Our performance worldwide has been quite positive and encouraging. We have been able to grow our business despite the pandemic. We are quite happy that the team has adapted to the new normal and has consistently delivered positive results for the group.

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Our top priority at ALTANOVA Group is to create a formidable team that goes all out to make our customers happy and create a very strong and long-lasting relationship with them. When I say team, it includes both our colleagues as well as Sales Partners. Our sales partners’ consistent performance and business development are the main reasons behind our continuous growth. We also firmly believe that a happy customer is the most important reference in our business. To achieve further growth plans, we shall continue to innovate new products & solutions and improve the existing products based on the customer’s feedback. As we believe that continuous online monitoring of electrical assets is important for future development, we continue to develop such solutions. For us, the voice of the customer is the guiding principle for future product & solution developments. Hence, we shall continue doing the same in future as well. EM || JULY 2021 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Anil UppAl Managing Director

KVTEK powEr SySTEMS pVT. lTD.

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

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Q. Please enlighten us about the journey of KVTEK in

India. What are the products and services available for the Indian market?

We are currently involved in following products and services:

1. Setting up the complete Power & Distribution Transformer Test Lab (Both for routine and type tests) on turnkey basis. Major equipment involved are; • Static Frequency Converter • Intermediate Multi-Tap Step-up Transformer • Capacitor Bank (Option of Manual, Semi-Automatic and Fully Automatic is available) • Transformer Loss Measuring System • Multi-Channel Partial Discharge Detection System with HV Filter • Impulse Voltage Test System • SR Test Set for separate source test • Portable C & Tangent Delta Test Set of 12 kV with variable freq. option. • Winding Resistance meter with Heat run extrapolation software • Earthing, Site Preparation & Shielding design 2. Setting up the High Voltage PD Test Lab for Testing CT/ PT/CVT, Cables, Switchgear and other HV Components on turnkey basis. Major equipment involved are; • High Voltage AC Series Resonant Test Set (Variable Inductance OR Variable Frequency OR both Variable Inductance & Frequency Type) • Partial Discharge Detection System • RF Shielded Room • HV & LV Filters

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Q. How has the second wave of the pandemic affected

business? How the company is managing risks and ensuring business continuity during the second wave?

Second wave of pandemic has affected in terms of slowdown in cash flow as many customers are delaying picking up their ready consignments. Many projects on which we were working has been put on-hold temporarily. However fortunately we had the healthy order book so we have managed the continuity of work but sudden increase in raw material costs has severely impacted the business margins.

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KVTEK was established in 2005 with a clear aim of manufacturing quality High Voltage Test and Measuring Equipment and marketing it across the world. Prior to 2005, we were involved in marketing, installing, Commissioning and providing after sale service of these equipment in India by sourcing it from Europe and USA. However with emergence of China in this field it became difficult to market these products by sourcing from Europe and USA due to huge price difference. At that point, we had two options; either to start sourcing from China and keep marketing or start manufacturing these equipment, we chose the later option. We spent good 5 years from 2005 to 2010 in R&D activities; designing, developing these products ourselves. In 2010, we started marketing these equipment in India and then slowly expanded to other international markets as well. Initially the import content was relatively high in our equipment but now the import content is less than 5%.

• Earthing and Site Preparation design 3. Setting up the Impulse Test Lab for Testing CT/PT/CVT, Cables, Switchgear and other HV Components on turnkey basis. Major equipment involved are; • Impulse Generator • Impulse Divider & Impulse Shunts • Multiple Chopping Gap • PC Based Impulse Control System • PC Based Impulse Analysing System • Over Shoot Compensation Device • Glaninger Circuit • Earthing and Site Preparation design 4. Capacitance & tangent Delta Test Set with Standard Capacitors 5. AC/DC Kilovoltmeters with Voltage Dividers 6. Online Moisture Absorption System 7. Calibration services for all the above equipment through NABL accredited lab

Q. Could you brief us about the performance of KVTEK

and about the overall performance of the industry?

High Voltage Test & Measuring Industry is a very niche market and barring China, worldwide there are only 4-5 manufacturers in this field. KVTEK is the only Indian company and the latest entrant in this field. In the span of last one decade, KVTEK has succeeded in creating a space for themselves in this challenging environment by taking the major share of the Indian market and have also succeeded in exporting test equipment to 17 countries so far. All leading names in the field of Power Equipment manufacturing like Siemens, GE, ABB, Toshiba, BHEL etc. are already our regular customers. Electrical Industry by nature is a very slow changing industry and equally slow in accepting the change in any technology sector especially the testing arena. It normally takes several decades for any new player to succeed in this field but relatively we have been very quick in creating a space for ourselves in this field. We have not just created space for ourselves but have also succeeded in introducing new technologies in the testing || JULY 2021 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Interview

field. Historically Transformer manufacturing industry has been using 2 x MG Sets; one as 50Hz power source and another for 100Hz or 200 Hz Power source, some even use voltage regulator as 50Hz power source. This results in lot of time wastage in changing connections from one source to another during transformer testing. KVTEK has successfully introduced Static Frequency Converter (SFC) in lieu of MG Sets and Voltage regulators as single SFC can give you variable output voltage and variable output frequency ranging from 50-200 Hz thus the need of changing connections from one source to another has been eliminated and this significantly improves the testing throughput. Besides saving time, it saves lot of energy, space and noise pollution as well. KVTEK recently has manufactured and successfully tested the world’s largest Static Frequency Converter of 6 MVA specifically designed for testing large power transformers of 500 MVA rating. This will add growth to our business in the coming years. Besides successfully using SFC for this application of Transformer Testing, KVTEK has also introduced SFC technology in Potential Transformer (PT) Testing. KVTEK’s revolutionary concept of using variable inductance & variable frequency Series Resonant system has made it possible to conduct High Voltage and Partial Discharge Test successfully on PT’s which conventionally was being done by feeding high frequency power from the secondary side of PT (which at best is a makeshift arrangement only). The other significant step which KVTEK has taken is that now we have an in house NABL accredited calibration laboratory. This adds lot of depth to our business as we are able to supply all test equipment manufactured with NABL accredited calibration certificate which adds lot of value to our customers as this helps them to get their test labs NABL accredited. Overall performance of the industry also has been full of turbulence in the last few years as major players from Europe and USA in this field are busy changing their respective owners. Most customers across the world are quickly realizing that it is not prudent to rely heavily on Chinese companies in this field due to serious quality issues and complete lack of after sale service on their part.

Q. What are some of the new and promising technology

trends that are shaping the Indian electrical industry?

Power Testing Systems industry is going through the transition as there is significant change in the technology. More digital technology in the field of power testing industry is not only helping users to make much more accurate measurements but with increased automation in the technology is also helping the users to significantly increase the testing throughput as well. Use of Static Frequency Converters & Transformer Loss Measuring

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System in Power Transformer industry is helping them immensely to make measurement much more accurately and significantly increasing the number of transformers being tested in a day. Use of Variable Inductance & Variable Frequency Series Resonant Test Systems for HVPD Testing of PTs has helped Instrument Transformer Industry immensely in creating a proper testing facility for PTs rather than the makeshift arrangement of feeding high frequency power from secondary side. Fully automated voltage seasoning equipment for Vacuum Interrupter Bottles has helped the industry in increasing their testing throughput significantly. Additionally with the option of sourcing quality testing equipment from within India from companies like KVTEK instead of importing it from Europe and US at almost double the price, setting-up the test labs by electrical equipment manufacturers and third party test labs have become very cost effective which is allowing even the smaller players to enter the field of manufacturing power equipment like Power Transformers, Instrument Transformers, XLPE Cables, Switchgears. Lightning Arrestors, Bushings, Insulators and other HV Components. Which is good for them and us as well as this is a win-win situation for all concerned.

Q. What are your top priorities for KVTEK for the next

one to two years? What are the company’s growth plans?

KVTEK after establishing their footprint in Indian market is now focused on expanding their business across the globe. Till date KVTEK has succeeded in exporting their test and measuring solutions to 17 countries and are now in the process of adding 5 more countries every year. KVTEK is working aggressively in making formal tie-ups with trade partners in the selected countries who in turn will help KVTEK promote their products in their specific countries. Plan is to have trade partners in every major country in the next decade so that we can cater to the requirements of entire world market in the field of HV Test and Measuring Solutions. KVTEK’s current business of manufacturing HV Test and Measuring Equipment for the Electrical Equipment Manufacturers, often requires lot of customization which requires a lot of R&D work for each project. This increases the turnaround time of each project significantly thus limits the growth options. To overcome this challenge, KVTEK is also diversifying to cater to the Indian Railways and Metro Railways requirement of Frequency Converters. Railways is the single largest consumer of Frequency Converters; KVTEK will be investing lot of quality time in the coming years to make their Static Frequency Converters suitable for Railways application and their specifications, especially keeping in mind the converter has to go through harsh environmental conditions and vibrations. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

KVTEK POWER SYSTEMS PVT. LTD. ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001: 2015, ISO 45001:2018 Certified Company THE ONLY MANUFACTURER IN INDIA & GLOBALLY TRUSTED BRAND NAME

Integrated Transformer Testing Solutions

for HIGH VOLTAGE

TEST & MEASURING SOLUTIONS

Impulse Voltage Test System

HV PD Test System

APPLICATIONS Routine and Type Test Equipment for the testing of: Power Transformers Instrument Transformers HT Cables HT Switchgear Motors & Generators Epoxy Components

C, L & Tan Delta Test Set

Multi-channel Partial Discharge Detector

Esteemed Clientele: Virginia Transformers, USA EEMC, Vietnam MEE, Vietnam Alfanar, Saudi Arabia LEF, Italy Tyco, UK AQ Magnit, Bulgaria BHEL, India CPRI, India Siemens, India Skipper SEIL, India Mehru Electricals, India Heptacare Power, India Apar Industries, India Schneider, India & Australia Toshiba, India GE T&D, India

Address: 284-286, Sector - 8, IMT Manesar, Gurgaon 122050 Ph.+91 124 4971300 (Multiple Lines) | Email: sales@kvtek.in | Website: www.kvtek.in

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Kalidas Bhangare Managing Director

Testo India Pvt. Ltd.

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Testo India Pvt. Ltd. has been offering a comprehensive range of Measuring & Testing Instruments which promises the acceleration of testing process in an efficient manner. A wide array of Testing and Measuring instruments is used to measure parameters like ambient air quality, humidity, pressure, temperature, velocity, emission etc. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Q. Please enlighten us about the journey of TESTO in

Q. What are some of the new and promising technology

trends that are shaping the Indian electrical industry? At the current scenario we are witnessing a great development prospect in the Indian electrical market and a lot of new technologies are getting established. Electrical industry is very vast that includes electronic goods, power & utility products, HVAC systems, telecom, industry components, tools, machines, gadgets and many more. Even electric vehicles would be a part of the industry soon. In terms of technology also, we are on a progressive path with constant development. The latest advancements are coming in the forms of smart operation which is also the current trend accompanied by the digitization of the working system. Advanced methods are being adopted in the sector right from the product development, assembly to manufacturing of electrical goods and services. As far as the testing and measurement industry is concerned which also belongs to the same segment, a wide variety of smart and intuitive

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India. What are the products and services available for the Indian market? Established in 2006, Testo India Pvt. Ltd. is a 100% subsidiary of Testo SE & Co KGaA which is a world leader in design, development and manufacturing of electronic portable test and measuring instruments and is backed by 60 years of measurement engineering experience. We provide the best suited product for HVAC & electrical consultants, contractors, advisors, building surveyors and for segments like Refrigeration, Cold chains, Power, Steel, railways, Food, pharma and many more. Our products are of great utility starting from those who work in precision and comfort level monitoring in large working areas to those who are engaged in electrical safety and facility management. Our all-rounder instruments impress with smart technology, fast readiness and convenient application. Our wide product range includes • Portable Measuring Instruments & Systems for: Temperature, Humidity, Pressure, Air velocity, RPM, Sound, Light, Current, Voltage and Resistance. • Transmitters for Humidity & Temperature, Differential Pressure, Dew point of Compressed air and Compressed Air Flow Meters • Data Loggers and Wireless Data Monitoring System - Saveris • Portable Flue Gas Analyzers for Combustion and Emission Analysis • Thermal Imagers for Predictive and Preventive Maintenance

to check the performance of electrical systems, power plants or any other application, constant inspection and monitoring is necessary in any condition, and we as a measurement equipment company play a crucial role in ensuring the necessary standards of the processes, system, and operations along with condition monitoring of components. Our continuous R&D on new products & solutions enables us to provide smart instruments that not only carry out measurement task but even help the user with data recording, on-site reporting, and safety too. We feel that our technologically advanced products & continuous efforts will help us grow in the future.

. How has the second wave of the pandemic affected business? How is the company managing risks and ensuring business continuity during the second wave? For an emerging market like India where new possibilities are always evolving, we are always confident about the growth prospect of Testo. The kind of product range we have with so many features and areas of application for our measuring instruments, the future is full of opportunities. We do experience situational fluctuations in the demand dynamics at times, like the one we had right now due to the second wave of COVID, but then that is unavoidable, and the entire industry is learning to manage its operations as per the situation. We too are progressing with necessary strategy to create opportunities & ensure business continuity. Additionally, our solutions speak for themselves. For instance, ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

products are being developed for the troubleshooting of electrical components and systems. Right from maintenance of HVAC systems to the inspection of Solar PV panels, every aspect is now under check & long life of the equipment can be ensured very easily.

Interview

Q. How is TESTO transforming itself to cater to the

emerging needs of the Indian electrical industry? Considering our latest and most advanced solutions for instance, our Electrical Instruments are very distinct in their features. They are excellent instruments to inspect the electrical components for short-circuits or circuit failure threats. Along with that they ensure longevity and efficiency of various power electronic components that control and regulate the flow of electrical energy. The unique Clamp meters and Multi meters are intuitive and can measure several parameters in a single component. Our new range of Thermal Imagers with smartphone integration designed to deliver networked thermography are mostly used for predictive and preventive maintenance in electric and power sector. These electrical instruments & thermal imagers are the best solution for trouble shooting in electrical industry.

Q. How technologies like IoT, Big Data and other smart

technologies are helping the industry in survival? It is a very well-known fact that existing systems are getting digitized and smart technology & IIoT has become very relevant within the industry. The new phase of industrial

revolution has experienced this disrupt on a very broad spectrum from manufacturing to service sector. The industrial operations are now self-governed where the processes can communicate within themselves and take corrective actions in case there is any deviation. This helps in reducing the downtime of the operation. Data storage and analysis becomes super easy with the inclusion of smart techniques, which also helps in higher efficiency & reduced wastage. Same goes for the T&M division too where the products have evolved with the new technologies. The measuring instruments are now more intuitive and could be easily integrated with various operations for troubleshooting, predictive maintenance and are also capable of generating alarms & reminders without any human intervention.

Q. What are your top priorities for TESTO for the next

one to two years? What are the company’s growth plans? India is termed as an emerging market and the numbers are only growing. In a very short span of time from its inception, Testo India has grown exponentially, thanks to our innovative products and German technology. In the years to come we are confident to multiply our success as we provide solutions for several industrial applications which require testing and measurement of parameters along with troubleshooting & maintenance. We have plans to launch several new products & extend our arms to all possible regions, industries and newer applications. We intend to offer solutions that are relevant, precise, easy to use and supports environment health, air quality and human comfort. We now provide complete solution, from hardware to sensors to software, for a couple of applications and work to improve continually. Testo also has an NABL accredited service & calibration LAB that takes care of the after sales support locally from Pune. This facility is highly cost effective as it delivers international standards very conveniently. We feel that our technologically advanced products & continuous efforts before and after sales will help us grow in the future. EM

For more details, login to our website www.testo.com or write back to us on info@testo.in 70

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Jitendra Agrawal Managing Director

The Motwane Manufacturing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

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Motwane is a preferred BOP supplier for global EPCs and addition of Telemetrics range of products/solutions in its basket further strengthens its positions as One Stop Solution provider for Global EPCs, Power Sector customers and enhances Motwane’s capability to partner EPC’s for supply chain consolidation in efficient and competitive manner. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Q. What are some of the new and promising technology trends

changing the T&M industry? How Motwane is transforming itself to cater the emerging needs of the industry?

. How the company is expanding itself to cater the T&M industry? Please tell us about your recent acquisition Telemetrics and how it will help the company in strengthening its T&M portfolio? Motwane is expanding through organic and in organic growth. Organically, we have designed & developed various products/solutions from our state of the art R&D in diversified categories which includes solutions for testing of lightning arrester, circuit breaker, transformer oil, real time monitoring of transformers, motors etc. Our solutions also includes energy conservation solutions like dimmable street lighting solutions, on line chiller monitoring, energy management solutions etc.

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. What is the footprint of the company in global market? How you are increasing reach in global markets?

Motwane has taken few key objectives for its global expansion including internationalize the Company, leverage technology, expand and upgrade the brand, up-skill employees etc. In order to accomplish these objectives, we have started our offices at Sharjah UAE to address GCC and MENA region markets and also appointed country managers for GCC, Egypt, Kenya, South East Asia, East Africa, Europe and Latin. In addition, we have enhanced our international marketing team and also participating in all key international exhibition including the Middle East Expo in March-2022. We have also upgraded all our product/solutions to comply the Certifications type test of addressed international markets. We have supplied our products/solutions in more than 50 + international utilities/ projects and our product range is approved by all key International Utilities, Oil & Gas and other customers. Constant R&D is one of the driving fundamentals at the company. Our diverse global presence empowers Motwane to build scale efficiency, and through our variety of project sizes, teams, and locations, we are able to leverage the world for new knowledge and expertise and incorporating it in our R&D facilities.

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The Power Sector is undergoing a massive transformation due to IoT (Internet of Things) Solutions providing real time intelligent analytical data, trending and predictive analysis etc. helping improving operational productivity, efficiency, enhancing residual life of the assets. Test and measurement is going far beyond what it was, and now data analysis capabilities will provide a wide range of benefits to the customer that were not possible before. Motwane has designed and developed MOT-WARE – a cloud-based Test Data platform to aid in accurate Asset Health Assessment. Through Motware, the Test and Measurement industry has taken a huge leap forward. It is a revolution in the way tests are conducted and the way data is analysed. MOT-WARE captures data from a full range of BLE Enabled Motwane Testing Equipment. It is accessible from web based applications, desktop applications, and mobile applications. In addition, it offers an open architecture that can seamlessly integrate with any non Motwane Test and Measurement equipment for quick and authentic digital test data. Data can be captured periodically as well as be streamed in real-time via sensors from series of IoT devices such Transformers, chillers, Motors etc. Some of its features include a pre-loaded repository of test templates for various assets as well as customizable test templates. A customized report builder in MOT-WARE allows users to create reports that can be designed and generated as per their desire. MOT-WARE also has a facility to upload test data history and the breakdown history of the assets. Tests can also be viewed in various metrics such as Pass/Fail. Digital test data enables data analytics and visualization which offers multiple statistical advantages. It improves productivity & efficiency, enables cost reduction, and improves asset life. Data analysis done through MOT-WARE includes trend analysis, MIS reports, and pivot tables. As an add-on, MOT-WARE also offers ‘Motwane AI Analytics which uses a proprietary AI algorithm and Machine Learning to make accurate predictions about your asset’s life based on its behavioral patterns and operating conditions. MOT-WARE can be used for various applications across customer segments like Utilities, OEMs, Industries, Electrical contractors (Testing, O&M) or Field repairs & service providers, EPCs, commercial premises, and many more.

Motwane’s strategic acquisition of Telemetrics, an established market leader in highly specialised underground cable fault locating equipment has expanded our reach to smart test & measurement solutions for our clients, and thus strengthens our portfolio in India and abroad. Telemetrics is a very well-run company and a trusted brand. We are pleased to welcome it to the Motwane group. The two companies will add value to each other’s offerings, and help create an Indian champion in the Test & Measurement space that can compete with the best globally. For Motwane, it is a perfect strategic fit that will enhance the company’s product range, spur growth, increase market share and as a result aligns with Motwane’s vision of becoming a key global player in the electrical Test & Measurement industry. Underground cable fault location is a definite growth area, since power cables are increasingly being laid underground as a result of rapid urbanization, and distributed renewable energy generation. Motwane’s strong global distribution network base is a perfect opportunity for Telemetrics to expand into those new markets. Motwane is a preferred BOP supplier for global EPCs and addition of Telemetrics range of products/solutions in its basket further strengthens its positions as One Stop Solution provider for Global EPCs, Power Sector customers and enhances Motwane’s capability to partner EPC’s for supply chain consolidation in efficient and competitive manner.

Q. What Motwane is looking forward to the future?

Motwane is looking forward to play a lead and pivotal role at global level as innovative partner and thought leader for its customers. Our test data platform Motwane AI & Analytics shall empower all our customers, future engineers and thus enables them to enter into the world of the big data. Our solutions will also help global customers to comply to the Asset Management Standard Certification ISO - 55001. EM || JULY 2021 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

ERDA supports all Government initiatives to improve the quality of electrical products manufactured in India or exported from outside. The government of India promulgates Quality Control Orders for various electrical equipment from time to time, mandating these products to be sold in India with BIS certification.

HitesH KarandiKar Director Electrical ResearcH and Development Association

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Q. How you assess the Indian electrical industry amid

Q. What's your take on the gap between education and

employability in our country, especially in the power industry? Every year on an average, 15 lakh students get their degree in engineering, but due to the lack of skill required to perform technical jobs, less than 20 per cent get employment in their core domain. However, the quality of engineers ||www.electricalmirror.net||

www.erda.org

the second wave of Covid 19? Indian economy, industrial production, manufacturing industry, especially the capital goods sector, were already reeling under the severe onslaught of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic and countrywide lockdown. Indian GDP shrank by 7.3% in the year 2020-21. The electrical equipment industry declined by 19.6% between April and February 2021 compared to April – February 2020, as per IEEMA statistics. When the Indian electrical industry was looking forward to the first sign of green shoots of recovery, the tsunami of the second wave of COVID-19 and subsequent regional lockdowns ruined any chance of early recovery of the sector. After Govt. of India achieved its target of "100% electrification of villages", investment in the distribution sector were reduced substantially. As a result, the financial health of many DISCOMs is highly precarious, thus dampening the direct purchases by these DISCOMs also. In addition, outstanding from DISCOMs have also ballooned, affecting the cash flow of Indian electrical industries. As per IEEMA estimate, the total overdue outstanding of 135 member organizations of IEEMA was INR 6500 Crs. With such substantial outstanding and severe cash flow problem, many MSME equipment manufacturers or component manufacturers will not recover even after normalcy returns. This will create a massive churning in the electrical equipment manufacturing sector, and many small manufacturers will find it difficult to continue their operation in the long run. However, among this gloom, the only glimmer of hope for the industry is the government's commitment towards Productivity Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes for domestic manufacturing of Advance Chemistry Cell (ACC) Batteries, High-efficiency Solar PV modules, White Goods (ACs & LEDs) under "Aatmanirbhar Bharat" scheme. In addition, govt. of India is also committed to improving the quality of electrical products available in the market through various Quality Control Orders. These two policies will give a fillip to worldclass quality electrical equipment manufacturing in India for national and international markets.

coming out from various middle rung engineering colleges are far from satisfactory. Suitable engineers for the power industry are not readily available in the job market. Also, the new age engineers coming out fresh from the colleges are not always industryready. Hence industries need to train the fresh engineers as per their requirement for one year or more to make them industry-ready. Therefore, a lot of time and resources are to be spent to make them industry-ready. The jobs in the industry require patience and passion, and thus retaining those trained engineers are the most significant challenge faced by the industry. If we consider other professional courses like Medical Sciences, Law, Chartered Accountant, they complete duration of internship or apprenticeship before they are professionally enrolled. We have never tried to implement this kind of rigorous skill-based training for our engineering graduates. Before the final year, the one-month vocational training fulfils a part of the curriculum without fulfilling the skill development. We may think about a bold suggestion for engineering graduates also. The B.Tech project which students do in their last six months (8th semester) may be scrapped. Instead, they should work in an industry as an apprentice, and the industry will give their final grading following some fixed guidelines. To implement this kind of training, both the technical institutes and the industries need to work hand-in-hand. The college has to identify all the industries nearby and the specific training they can provide. Based on that, the students can choose their industry and training area. If effectively implemented, it will help all three stakeholders: the academic institutes, the tie-up industries, and the graduating engineers.

Q. Do you have any ongoing training program?

We conduct workshops on various evaluation and other technical topics with both theoretical and practical sessions from time immemorial. These workshops are widely popular among manufacturers, utilities, industries and laboratory personnel. During the last year, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a restriction of movement among our customers. Hence, we conducted various online webinars and workshops, both during the first and second wave period, to benefit our customers. We have received tremendous response and participation for these webinars and workshops. This positive response has encouraged us to plan more webinars and workshops than last year. The latest calendar of these workshops is available on our website www.erda.org. || JULY 2021 ||

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Interview

Q. How is the company emerging to fulfil the needs of

the Indian electrical industry? ERDA supports all Government initiatives to improve the quality of electrical products manufactured in India or exported from outside. The government of India promulgates Quality Control Orders for various electrical equipment from time to time, mandating these products to be sold in India with BIS certification. During the implementation of the Quality Control Order for Distribution Transformers as per BIS 1180, ERDA rose to the challenge and substantially increased its infrastructure and significantly improved its operational efficiency. Thus ERDA was able to test around 3000 Distribution Transformers per year. Today around 700 DT manufacturers are BIS certified, and ERDA has tested over 75% of India's Distribution Transformers, thus making this QCO a success. At present, the primary focus of electricity seems to be on smart energy meters. Millions of smart energy meters are being installed in the distribution system in India. However, we need to be very careful about the quality of such meters being produced. Otherwise, the customer may lose confidence in these meters, and the adaptability of the scheme would be under doubt. For us, this creates a unique challenge of testing various smart energy meters accurately within the shortest possible time. So far, we have successfully met these challenges and have become the most preferred laboratory for smart meters in India. All the global manufacturers of smart meters are coming to us to evaluate their products under BIS 16444 & 15959.

. How is ERDA providing assistance to motor and control gear manufacturers? We have complete testing facilities for Low Voltage Induction Motor (up to 150HP) and Low Voltage Switchgear and Control gear as per the latest standards with NABL and BIS accreditation. Govt. of India has enacted Quality Control Order on LV Induction Motor as per IS 12615:2011 and on LV Switchgear & Control gear as per IS 60947. ERDA provides complete testing facilities to LV Induction Motor and LV Switchgear and Control gear manufacturers to obtain BIS certification for these products. We also offer a developmental testing facility on these products to manufacturers, SMEs and start-ups in this field. They can utilize this option at a highly discounted rate to develop and improve their product design. We also offer expert services for design up-gradation to meet the energy efficiency challenges and new application challenges like Textiles and e-vehicles. ERDA has provided

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various designs to small scale industries in Ahmedabad and Surat region to meet these specific application challenges, including energy efficiency. In addition, ERDA has provided its expert services to various small scale industries to develop their own motors for e-vehicle applications. ERDA has also developed high-efficiency IE3 & IE4 Induction Motors, and these technologies are available for commercialization. ERDA has developed a novel process for manufacturing economic Silver-Tin oxide contacts containing 14% Tin-oxide using the powder metallurgy route. The contact tip made using the new method has been evaluated for material properties. The performance of contacts in contactor of 16A, AC3 rating conforms to IEC 60947-4-1 (2012) for endurance test and is found to be at par with conventional contacts. This technology is readily available for commercialization.

. How is ERDA transforming itself to cater to the emerging needs of the Indian electrical industry? We at ERDA had always maintained pace with the changing electrical, industrial scenario. ERDA was the first Indian laboratory to get BIS accreditation for Smart Meter testing as per IS 16444: 2015 way back in April 2016. We also got accreditation for the DLMS COSEM communication protocol testing facility for smart meters. Today we test more than 50% of India's Smart Meters. Similarly, we have set up a communication protocol testing facility as per IEC 61850 for communicable IEDs. This facility has become helpful for indigenous manufacturers of communicable protection relays in India. On the R&D front, ERDA has set up a Grid Simulator facility for research in the power systems field. We have also set up India's first High-Temperature Low Sag (HTLS) conductor testing facilities, for which Indian manufacturers earlier travelled to foreign countries. This facility will give a great fillip to Indian manufacturers and utilities for HTLS conductor. In our state-of-the-art High Voltage Partial Discharge laboratory, we have started testing GIS and HV Cables up to 245 kV. Furthermore, in our 10 meters semi-anechoic chamber, EMI / EMC testing is done as per commercial and MIL standards. As a result, local manufacturers can develop global standard products and export them to the global market or use them for our indigenous defence manufacturing sector. ERDA had pioneered testing of Power Transformers at manufacturer's works independently with its own instrument ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Q. What are the markets served by ERDA?

All the power utilities in India accept our test reports. At ERDA, we test equipment from Kashmir to Kanyakumari and Dwarka to Dibrugarh, i.e. from all over India. Apart from that, ERDA is well known and widely accepted for its reliable test reports in some of the SAARC countries, Middle East, Far East and African countries. Even the world's best-known certification agencies, e.g. Intertek (ASTA), UL, KEMA, CSA, TUV etc., have accredited ERDA as their evaluation partner. Middle East countries like Dubai, Sharjah, Abu Dhabi, Oman and Far East countries like Malaysia, Vietnam accept ERDA's test reports. Among our neighbours, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka accept ERDA Test reports. Moreover, ERDA engineers regularly visit Middle East countries to conduct Onsite testing and calibration jobs. ERDA is thriving to expand its horizon

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to other countries across the world.

. What are the future plans of ERDA? What will be the outlook of the Indian Electrical industry in the coming quarters? We are setting up a complete type testing facility of Solar PV Panels as per IS 14286 and IS / IEC 61730 at Vadodara. This project is expected to be completed by December 2021. We will also be upgrading its existing 600kV Partial Discharge Test Facility to 900kV and has planned to set up a Climatic Test facility for Dry Type Transformer, Fully Automatic Transformer Test System. In addition, ERDA is also planning to upgrade its Conducted immunity and Radiated immunity test facility under EMI/EMC Testing facility. We will also set up an e-vehicle charger testing facility to support the growing EV infrastructure in India. However, the dream project of ERDA is to set up a Centre of Excellence for Medium Voltage Short Circuit Laboratory for testing of Medium Voltage Switchgear equipment and Power Transformers up to 50 MVA, 132kV. ERDA believes it to be a project of national importance. This project is having an outlay of around Rs. 600 Cr. The financial closure of this project is awaited from the Government of India and the Government of Gujarat. We are cautiously optimistic about the rejuvenation of the Indian electrical industry if we can reign in the future spread of the COVID 19 pandemic and the overall economy springs back to normal. We hope that India and the world will come out of this COVID-19 menace at the earliest. The Indian electrical industry will emerge from this testing times stronger like the proverbial Phoenix reborn from its ashes. EM

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www.erda.org

under NABL accreditation at the behest of various TRANSCOs. We have now added a state-of-the-art Portable Accurate Transformer Loss measuring system with a higher range and better accuracy in our repertoire. With the help of this portable instrument, we shall be able to test Power Transformers up to 500MVA independently, 400kV, 3 phase and 500MVA, 765kV, 1 phase rating, at manufacturer's works, the highest rating of Power Transformers commercially manufactured in India. Our Hon'ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modiji, on his "Mann ki Baat" programme on 27th December 2020, emphasized that "it is time to ensure that our products meet global standards. Whatever is global best; we should make it in India and prove it." ERDA is working relentlessly towards fulfilling this goal by uplifting the quality of Indian Electrical equipment to a global standard and contributing to the nation's development.

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Chandmal Goliya Director Kusam ElECtriCal industriEs ltd.

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KUSAM-MECO today enjoys a reputation as a leading company, offering industry’s broadest line of Digital Test Instruments for Electrical, Electronic and Environmental Testing and Measurement applications. In the 80’s the use of Digital Test & Measuring Instruments was in a nascent stage. At that time 90% of the Multimeters & Clampmeters used in the industry were Analog Meters. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Q. How the second wave of Covid-19 is affecting the

market and the company?

The first & second wave of Covid-19 has caused untold miseries to the business community. On the one hand may establishments & shops are closed due to the lockdown restrictions, on the other hand, the overhead expenses have to be met by the owners. Many workers, fearing even worse times compared to the first lockdown, migrated to their native places at the very onset of the second wave of Covid-19, without waiting for the official announcements by the state governments. Also the partial lockdowns announced by the states was not simultaneous, but in a sort of relay system due to which atleast 4-5 states were closed at a time which also hampered business activities. Movement of people and goods was also heavily affected.

Considering the slowdown in business due to Covid-19, our company also slowed down the introduction of new products. However, we recently launched a new 6000 counts, TRMS Auto ranging Digital Multimeter, to measure inverter voltage (2000V DC) of Solar Panels, Meters to measure the intensity of LED lights, new range of GAS Detectors, Loop Impedance Tester to comply with the new CEA regulations, Electroplating Thickness Gauge, Infrared Thermometers, Fork Clamp Meter, etc.

. Please tell us about the key smart features of your products.

All KUSAM-MECO products have high reliability and excellent repeatability. The construction of the products is rugged and can withstand rough use without comprising the quality. If used properly, our products can give many years of service. KUSAM-MECO has the largest range of High Safety “UL” Listed Digital Multimeters & Clampmeters which even “Phoren” brands do not have, who have only “CE” marking. “UL” listed

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. How Kusam-Meco is transforming itself to cater to the emerging needs of the Indian T&M instrument market? We at KUSAM-MECO constantly monitor customer’s requirement in the new emerging situations & research suitable products to fulfill the needs of the customers.

. How will you provide flexible maintenance services and the price structures for the customers?

We have a highly qualified & experienced team of Technical Engineers for providing after-sales-service for almost all our products to the satisfaction of the customer. We hold ISO certificate for AFTER-SALES-SERVICE for our products. We have serviced some instruments even after 25 years after it was sold.

. How do you distinguish yourself from others as far as your offered T&M solutions are concerned?

With sound technical knowledge, our engineers can provide the right product to the customer after studying his requirement, unlike other companies who simply push any product available with them to the customer even if it does not suit his requirements.

Q. What are the future plans of Kusam-Meco? What will

be the outlook of Indian Electrical industry in coming quarters?

KUSAM-MECO has plans to add about 10 new products in this year to cater to the competitive market requirements. The Electrical Industry is passing through a difficult phase. If the situation on the COVID front improves the industry may see a good all round growth rate in the later part of the year. EM

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. What are the recent additions in your product bucket? Is there any plan to launch any new product?

Multimeters & Clampmeters have Polycarbonate body unlike CE products. UL products have sturdy Holster making it shock resistant, it has HRC fuses for Current range protection. They have Surge Protection of 6-12 KV which again no “Phoren” brand has.

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

Cambridge Instruments & Engg. Co. is engaged in manufacturing and supplying various Electrical Test and measuring instruments. The list of measuring instruments include Insulation tester, Earth Resistance Tester, micro ohm meter, High voltage breakdown Test set, Primary current Injection kit, Relay Test set, Clamp meter, Power analyser, Multimeter, Transformer Oil Insulation Test Set, etc. The measuring instruments are manufactured using the cutting-edge technology.

Manoj Sharma Partner

Cambridge Instruments & Engineering Co.

This year has been quite satisfactory for Cambridge Instruments. Like other industries we too have suffered due to lockdown and disruption in supply chain has hampered our production. The cost of raw materials and components are rising day by day but it is not possible to hike rate of our end products. Things are tough but however we have managed the situation to best possible effort. Pre- lockdown things were coming to normal but sudden second wave of Covid and price hike in petroleum and metal products have hit our progress to some extent. Post lockdown we are confident of doing very good.

All our products are in-house designed and enhancement of performance of our products is carried out in house. We are trying to use as much Indian made components as possible to accomplish "ATMANIRBHAR BHARAT" mission.

. How has this year been for CAMBRIDGE INSTRUMENTS? What . How are you exactly contributing to the ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ are the differences that you see in the market in pre & post mission? We are manufacturing almost all our product on indigenously made parts. lockdown period?

Q. How is CAMBRIDGE INSTRUMENTS playing a major role in

Q. How is CAMBRIDGE INSTRUMENTS business shaping up? Cambridge Instruments is shaping up very well.

Q. How has the electrical industry evolved in India?

Electrical industries are evolving satisfactorily in India. With the help of better policies of government in present and hope for best policies in future electrical industry is shaping well in India.

ensuring safety of the consumers from electrical hazards? Is there . How are government policies influencing the power & energy any new addition in your products? sector? Cambridge Instruments is manufacturing Test and measuring instruments for maintenance and trouble shooting of failures in power projects and power distribution and generations. By providing reliable, accurate and durable Test and measuring instruments we are playing a major role in ensuring safety of consumers from electrical hazards. Our instruments like Insulation Testers, Earth Resistance Testers, High voltage breakdown Test set, Transformer oil insulation test set, Relay test set, Micro (contact resistance) OHM meter, Phase sequence indicator, power analyser etc. are all important in diagnosing the fault in electrical set up and equipments to avoid breakdown. We are planning for automatic microprocessor android based advance level instruments.

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Present government policies are favouring the power and energy sector but still much more effort is required particularly on economic front industries need boosting to overcome particularly bad patches last and present year due to covid. Prices of raw materials and petrol / diesel needed to be controlled to bring back normalcy to boost our electrical industries which further will influence our power and energy sector.

Q. What are your plans for upcoming years?

We are planning to develop world class electrical diagnostic instruments to keep pace with latest development worldwide and also to enter diversified sector of electrical industries. EM

for more info visit us at www.cieinstrument.com ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Best Power Equipments (India) Private Limited is a leading Indian organization engaged in providing end-to-end strategic power solutions for most critical applications. More than 2 decades of manufacturing experience, innovation and deep knowledge of energy conversion help us to understand new and better ways of delivering clean & reliable power for our valued customers.

Amitansu Satpathy Managing Director

Best Power Equiptments

Q. Please enlighten us about the journey of Best Power Equipments

(India) Private Limited (BPE).

The company provides end-to-end strategic power solutions for most critical applications, has more than two decades of manufacturing experience. In FY 19-20, BPE achieved revenue of approx. Rs 200 Cr. BPE has its manufacturing facility in Noida and has expanded to international markets, including the Philippines, Turkey, Singapore, Dubai, and Taiwan. BPE has served customers across industries like industrial & plant automation, IT/ITES BPO services, banking, insurance & finance, government sector, corporate sector, small scale sectors, and small-scale businesses.

Q. What are the products and services you offer for electrical industry? Is there any plan to launch any new product?

BPE product offerings include Line Interactive UPS, Single Phase Online UPS, Three Phase Online UPS, Modular/Rack Mount UPS and Inverter. BPE is focusing on innovation, R&D, expansion and technology and aim to align themselves to 4.0 technologies.

We have installed many products to various customer sites across India, e.g. YOTTA Data Centre, HDFC Bank, IDBI bank, J&K State Data Centre etc.

Q. How BPE is transforming itself to cater to the emerging needs

of the power solution industry?

BPE aims toalign to 4.0 technology, which is enabling faster, more flexible and more efficient processes to produce higher-quality goods at reduced costs. Our aim is to be the leading manufacturer in the industry, with innovation and adapting to market changes.

Q. How you provide flexible maintenance services and the price

structures for the customers?

Our products are priced competitively, and we have a presence across all of India with a good service network. We are always there to support customers for any business-related inquiries or concerns due to our vast network reach, service support team, and sales support team.

Q. How do you distinguish yourself from others as far as your offered power solutions are concerned?

Q. How the second wave of Covid-19 is affecting the market and

We believe in ease of doing business. We have product stability, quality and price competitive products.

Our sales and the business did not have too much impact because of continuous product demand from healthcare sectors, especially into ICUs and test centers. Though the market has gone down, we have seen an increased demand in the healthcare sector.

. What are the future plans of BPE? What will be the outlook of Indian Electrical industry in coming quarters?

the company?

Q. Please tell us about the key smart features of your products.

We have a wide range of products like Online UPS, Modular UPS, Customized Smart Track Solutions from 600 VA to 8000 kVA.

Ans. We have recently set up a factory at Greater Noida, which is more than 20,000 sq feet, for manufacturing UPS for the Indian market. With business expansion, we aim to expand to other industry segments & targeting 40 to 50 percent in the Indian market. We aim to achieve approximately 250 crore turnover for the year 2021-22. EM

f o r m o r e i n f o v i s i t u s a t w w w. b p e e . c o m ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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Renewable Energy

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Growth in the Renewable Energy Sector of India The year, 2020 proved to be a decisive year for clean energy in India. Bids for new solar projects hit record lows last year, affirming that coal is no longer the cheapest source of electricity. The country awarded landmark supply contracts for flexible renewable power, an important step in addressing the limitations of intermittent wind and solar. Cheap renewables were favored on the grid last year, which caused coal use to fall as energy demand plummeted amid the economic slowdown. Stimulus measures for utilities, an extension to project commissioning deadlines, and domestic solar manufacturing initiatives also helped to bolster the outlook for renewables. But while the renewable energy industry endured a turbulent 2020, coal remains the dominant player in India’s electricity mix. With power demand expected to triple by 2040 as India’s population continues to achieve upward mobility, fossil fuels are poised to see continued growth even as the clean energy market thrives. Two burning questions for India — and the world — are how fast the use of renewables and related clean energy technologies can scale, and to what extent can they mitigate the increase in fossil fuel use. As the second-largest coal-producing and -consuming country on earth and the third-largest emitter of

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greenhouse gases, India’s transition from carbon-intensive resources is a critical front in the global climate change fight. Challenges lie ahead, but there may be cause for optimism. As the country grapples with the intertwined issues of air pollution, water scarcity and energy security, along with energy access and affordability, experts say they’re starting to see a future for India where coal will no longer be king. One key action the Modi government took to bolster clean energy in 2020 was to grant wind and solar projects “must-run” status, which means that their power cannot be curtailed except in conditions that would compromise grid stability. Renewables were insulated from the decline in electricity demand as a result, while coal plants took a major hit. During the 2019/2020 fiscal year, the average coal-fired power plant ran just 55.5 percent of the time, according to the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA). In April 2020, the average Indian coal-fired power plant operated at just 40 percent capacity utilization, creating inefficiencies and ultimately increasing the cost of production. In addition to granting renewables must-run status through the pandemic, the government launched multiple tenders for new renewable energy projects to meet India’s future energy

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demand. Not only did the auctions continue but the country also saw a series of record-low solar bids. In a testament to India's growing demand for low-cost and locally manufactured power, Indian power minister R.K. Singh announced last fall that the country would boost its domestic solar manufacturing base to reduce reliance on solar cells and modules imported from China. He also announced that renewables would replace the generating capacity from 29 coal plants slated to retire in the coming years. State-owned enterprise Coal India — the largest coal-producing company in the world — announced that it will enter the solar value-chain business and launch a new renewable energy vertical. The company received board approval to establish an integrated solar wafer manufacturing facility in December. There are also reports that other state-owned companies could be required to establish a domestic polysilicon supply chain.

Types of renewable energy sources

Hydropower: For centuries, people have harnessed the energy of river currents, using dams to control water flow. Hydropower is the world's biggest source of renewable energy by far, with China, Brazil, Canada, the U.S., and Russia the leading hydropower producers. While hydropower is theoretically a clean energy source replenished by rain and snow, it also has several drawbacks. Large dams can disrupt river ecosystems and surrounding communities, harming wildlife and displacing residents. Hydropower generation is vulnerable to silt buildup, which can compromise capacity and harm equipment. Drought can also cause problems. In the western U.S., carbon dioxide emissions over a 15-year period were 100 megatons higher than they normally would have been, according to a 2018 study, as utilities turned to coal and gas to replace hydropower lost to drought. Even hydropower at full capacity bears its own emissions problems, as decaying organic material in reservoirs releases methane.

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Solar: From home rooftops to utility-scale farms, solar power is reshaping energy markets around the world. In addition to solar panels, which convert the sun's light to electricity, concentrating solar power (CSP) plants use mirrors to concentrate the sun's heat, deriving thermal energy instead. China, Japan, and the U.S. are leading the solar transformation, but solar still has a long way to go. Solar thermal energy is also being used worldwide for hot water, heating, and cooling. A push for more powerful solar equipment underscores how further cost reductions remain essential to advance the shift away from fossil fuels. While grid-sized solar farms are now typically cheaper than even the most advanced coal or gas-fired plants, additional savings will be required to pair clean energy sources with the expensive storage technology that’s needed for around-theclock carbon-free power. Biomass: Biomass energy includes biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel, wood and wood waste, biogas from landfills, and municipal solid waste. Like solar power, biomass is a flexible energy source, able to fuel vehicles, heat buildings, and produce electricity. But biomass can raise thorny issues. Critics of corn-based ethanol, for example, say it competes with the food market for corn and supports the same harmful agricultural practices that have led to toxic algae blooms and other environmental hazards. Similarly, debates have erupted over whether it's a good idea to ship wood pellets from U.S. forests over to Europe so that it can be burned for electricity. Meanwhile, scientists and companies are working on ways to more efficiently convert corn stover, wastewater sludge, and other biomass sources into energy, aiming to extract value from material that would otherwise go to waste. Geothermal: Used for thousands of years in some countries for cooking and heating, geothermal energy is derived from the Earth’s internal heat. On a large scale, underground reservoirs of steam and hot water can be tapped through wells that can go a mile deep or more to generate electricity. On a smaller scale, some buildings have geothermal heat pumps that use

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temperature differences several feet below ground for heating and cooling. Unlike solar and wind energy, geothermal energy is always available, but it has side effects that need to be managed, such as the rotten egg smell that can accompany released hydrogen sulfide.

Renewable Energy

Growth in Renewable Energy Sector

India is witnessing a radical change on account of the government’s move towards power generation via renewable energy resources; Government has set a target to achieve175 GW renewable energy installed capacity by 2022. This includes 60 GW from wind power, 100 GW from solar power, 10 GW from biomass power and 5 GW from small hydro power. Further, with increased focus on offshore wind power, floating solar parks and hybrid parks etc., it is expected to over achieve the target by 2022. The increased focus of Government of India (GOI) towards renewable energy has created attractive opportunities for investments in this sector. Government has rightly recognized RE to be seen not only as sources of energy, but also a tool to address many other pressing needs, including improving energy security and access; reducing the health and environmental impacts and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. The renewable energy sector in the country witnessed transformational growth in last few years, in terms of both installed capacity and increasing share of renewable energy (RE) in total power generation of the country. The growth is driven by the government’s efforts to create a conducive policy and regulatory environment. Also, the developments in power sector such as modernization of transmission capacity and distribution networks, electrifying villages and extending power to all households, have resulted in improvements in energy consumption, fiscal discipline in utilities. Over the years, renewable energy sector in India has emerged as a significant player in the grid connected power generation capacity. It supports the government agenda of sustainable growth, while, emerging as an integral part of the solution to meet the nation’s energy needs and an essential player for energy access. It has been realized that renewable energy has to play a much deeper role in achieving energy security in the years ahead and be an integral part of the energy planning process. The country aims to strengthen its energy security and independence by developing renewable energy resources. These include stringent norms for the construction and operation of energy generation equipment and increasing reliance on more advanced generation technologies in the field of renewable. So there is a great need of renewable energy source in Indian power sector to meet future energy demand and remove Green House Gases (GHG) emission for environment protection. In this connection Government of India has come up with Acts, Policies and regulations to support renewable energy. The

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Electricity Act 2003 that was notified by the Ministry of Power in June 2003 with other policies National Electricity Policy and National Tariff Policy appears to be in the helm of affairs for the promotion of renewable energy at the state as well as to national level in India. The Act and policies also emphasizes the importance of setting renewable energy quotas and preferential tariffs for renewable energy procurement by the respective SERCs in their restructured states power sector. At present India is fifth largest country in the world in electricity generation, having presently aggregate capacity of 360 GWs as on July’ 2019, out of which approximately 63% is from thermal, 12.5% from hydro, 2% from nuclear and the rest about 22% is from renewable energy sources. Although Indian power sector has experienced a more than ten-time increased in its installed capacity in 1981 to till date but still there is need to be establish more generation plants preferably to be come from renewable sources by governmental as well as various private participation. Contribution of renewable energy sources in the total capacity as well as gross generation is still very low. The Indian power sector is predominantly based on fossil fuels, with more than about three-fourth of the country’s power generation capacity being dependent on vast indigenous reserves of coal. But in few last decades Indian government has taken several steps to reduce the use of fossil fuels-based energy while promoting renewable generation. Core drivers for development and deployment of new and renewable energy in India are Energy security, Electricity shortages, Energy access and Climate change. India has taken a voluntary commitment of reducing emission intensity of its GDP by 33-35 per cent from 2005 levels by 2030. India’s present generation capacity is about 200,000 MW. The country could potentially increase grid-connected solar power generation capacity to over 200,000 MW and wind energy to over 100,000 MW by 2030 if the right resources (and more importantly, energy policies) were developed. India can develop massive commercial wind farms to harness the strong onshore costal area and offshore wind to boost the country’s supply of clean renewable energy. But, to tap this vast resource, India must develop and implement smart business models and favorable policies as quickly as possible. In India Andhra Pradesh, a major producer of renewable energy (RE), had an installed RE capacity of about 8,792 megawatt (MW) till 30 June 2021, according to the latest data. Of the 8,792 MW capacity installed, solar energy took the largest share with 4,116 MW capacity followed by wind energy with 4,084 MW capacity, according to the latest status report by the state’s nodal agency for implementation of RE programmes, New and Renewable Energy Development Corporation of Andhra Pradesh. Solar is now by far the lowest-cost source of new energy in ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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Renewable Energy 88

India. Solar is helping to meet the country’s objective of making power affordable to low-income residents, he said. But that is far from the only benefit. India's economy is going to see its energy consumption double over the next decade or two, and they want to enhance energy security, which means they want to ideally use domestic energy supplies, said Buckley. They also have a massive air pollution problem, so they want to reduce the air pollution issues. They have a massive water security issue, too…so they want to use energy sources that are least taxing on their water supply. Solar ticks every one of those boxes. And it doesn't emit carbon dioxide or methane,” he added. “So there's an ancillary benefit that it helps solve the world's climate crisis.”

Development in Solar Panel Design

The solar industry has spent decades slashing the cost of generating electricity direct from the sun. Now it’s focusing on making panels even more powerful. With savings in equipment manufacturing hitting a plateau, and more recently pressured by rising prices of raw materials, producers are stepping up work on advances in technology — building better components and employing increasingly sophisticated designs to generate more electricity from the same-sized solar farms.

Perovskite

While many current developments involve tweaks to existing technologies, perovskite promises a genuine breakthrough. Thinner and more transparent than polysilicon, the material that’s traditionally used, perovskite could eventually be layered on top of existing solar panels to boost efficiency, or be integrated with glass to make building windows that also generate power. Adoption of perovskite has previously been challenged by costs

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and technical issues that prevented commercial-scale production. Bi-facial Panels: Solar panels typically get their power from the side that faces the sun, but can also make use of the small amount of light that reflects back off the ground. Bi-facial panels started to gain in popularity in 2019, with producers seeking to capture the extra increments of electricity by replacing opaque backing material with specialist glass. They were also temporarily boosted by a since-closed loophole in U.S. law that exempted them from tariffs on Chinese products. The trend caught solar glass suppliers off-guard and briefly caused prices for the material to soar. Late last year, China loosened regulations around glass manufacturing capacity, and that should prepare the ground for more widespread adoption of the two-sided solar technology. Doped Polysilicon: Another change that can deliver an increase in power is shifting from positively charged silicon material for solar panels to negatively charged, or n-type, products. N-type material is made by doping polysilicon with a small amount of an element with an extra electron like phosphorous. It’s more expensive, but can be as much as 3.5% more powerful than the material that currently dominates. The products are expected to begin taking market share in 2024 and be the dominant material by 2028, according to PV-Tech. Bigger Wafers, Better Cells: For most of the 2010s, the standard solar wafer was a 156-millimeter (6.14 inches) square of polysilicon, about the size of the front of a CD case. Now, companies are making the squares bigger to boost efficiency and reduce manufacturing costs. Producers are pushing 182and 210-millimeter wafers, and the larger sizes will grow from about 19% of the market share this year to more than half by 2023, according to Wood Mackenzie’s Sun. EM

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The Bifacial Era - Reliable & Optimal PV Solutions for 2021-22

Technical Article

Mr. Sai Charan Kuppili Technical Director JinkoSolar

Technology optimisation is one of the key parameters when it comes to Solar PV. The existing available wafer sizes of 182mm/163.75mm/166mm/210mm can achieve maximum power class of up to 450Wp-600 Wp with number of cells as per the conventional design for each per module make. The continued shortfall and rising prices of major raw materials during 2020-21, starting with Polysilicon and Glass, has changed the face of PV industry forcing a shift towards high efficiency, better energy density and lower LCOEs. Project developers today, consider these as the most critical and important factors wile choosing modules, apart from the product and performance warranties. Reliability aspects specific to extended IEC metrics on Thermal Cycle, Damp Heat, Humidity Freeze, LeTID and PID instil higher confidence in advanced Solar PV Products. Jinko’s Tiger and Tiger Pro Series top the charts in the 3rd party reliability reports on all available variants. Tropical Indian climatic conditions standing at an available GHI of 1700-2100 KWh/Sq.mt./Year can benefit both Monofacial and Bifacial variants depending on the location. For GHIs up to 1800 kWh/Sq.mt./Year – Monofacial modules can be utilised with K film or PVDF back sheet option. At GHIs beyond that value, Bifacial modules with PVF composite 3-layer back sheet will have higher reliability. Bifacial Technology Modules have the advantage of absorbing both global horizontal irradiation on the front side of the module and diffused/reflected irradiation on the rear side of the module. Depending on the type of installation, location and albedo factor

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- the range of gain in specific energy yield varies and is higher than that from Monofacial modules for a particular location. JinkoSolar has done an analysis with all possible ground textures at our Haining factory in China. We have observed that the gain in energy with Bifacial modules can go up to 22% and the same has been ratified by 3rd party agencies. Tiger Pro Bifacial with Transparent back sheet design has a product warranty of 30 years due to the high reliability characteristics of the materials being used - POE as encapsulant and PVF in the form of Tedlar based back sheet. This composition is more sophisticated in comparison to normal encapsulant and back sheets. This optimizes performance and yield improving project CAPEX and OPEX calculations which ultimately results in lower LOCEs. Reduced linear degradation in Bifacial modules is another inherent advantage over Monofacial modules. This implies higher specific energy yield in any given year during the life of the plant. Bifacial technologies are getting widespread acceptance in projects across the globe due to these added advantages which improve the overall project economics. It is expected that Bifacial module installations will grow multiple fold in the near future and capture majority of the market share by 2025. Tiger or Tiger Pro Bifacial Modules, with power class ranging from 460-585 Wp, exhibit higher power/energy densities on surfaces which have low soil moisture content. This in turn increases the reflectivity sensitivities of the soil (surface) enabling the module to produce more energy from the rear side. EM

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Wires & Cables

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Indian wires and cables industry has grown considerably in size while transforming itself Cables & Conductors are one of the essential components required for the development and strengthening of any country’s T&D network. The cables and conductors market in India has grown at a significant rate in the past few years on the back of investments in the power and infrastructure sectors. The current manufacturing base is well established with a large number of organized players. As of today, due to growing emphasis on developing a robust T&D network in the country to meet the rising demand for reliable power, a number of government initiatives and programmes have been undertaken that have helped create a positive market for cables and conductors in the country. As per various estimates, it is expected that the industry which has been growing at the rate of around 15 percent currently will start growing at the CAGR of over 20 percent over the next five years. Industry Insights The global wires and cables market size was estimated at USD 164.94 billion in 2018 and is expected to expand at a CAGR of 4.9% over the forecast period. Increasing urbanization and rapidly growing building infrastructure are

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the major factors driving the growth. These have impacted the energy and power demand in residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. Increased investments in smart grids and upgrading power transmission and distribution systems are expected to further drive the market. Adoption of smart grid technology has fulfilled the rising need for grid interconnections, significantly resulting in rising investments in the new submarine and underground cables. In addition, growing offshore wind farms, high voltage direct current links, and grid interconnections are projected to fuel the growth of the market. Smart grid is an electric grid, which consists of controls, computers, automation, and new technologies and equipment which functions together and provides efficient transmission of electricity. Rising population is leading to increasing demand for power. To reduce the frequency and duration of power outages, storm impacts, and to restore service faster after outages, it is necessary to make the grid smarter and technologically advanced. Smart grid helps provide more reliable power, generating efficient renewable power, using a mix of energy sources, working

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Wires & Cables 94

with smart devices and smart homes, reducing carbon print and encouraging the use of electric vehicles. Increased energy needs in Asia Pacific, Middle East, and South America has resulted in rising investments in smart grids in these regions, further driving the demand for low voltage cables. Growth in the power distribution sector, power generation from renewable energy sources, and demand from automotive and non-automotive industries are the other factors projected to positively influence the demand for low voltage cables. Urbanization is one of the major reasons for the overall growth of the wires and cables market. The need for power grid interconnections in densely populated areas is creating a demand for submarine and underground cables. The underground cables reduce space required and offer reliable transmission of electricity. Environmental regulations that observe the impact of electrical cables on the environment, the safety of electrical installations, implications for the health of the materials used for cable manufacturing have led to various innovation and new product development. These regulations have encouraged the introduction of new products such as halogen-free flame retardant compounds and implement new processes with low energy consumption and efficient use of raw materials. Cables & Conductors are one of the essential components required for the development and strengthening of any country’s T&D network. The cables and conductors market in

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India has grown at a significant rate in the past few years on the back of investments in the power and investment sectors. The current manufacturing base is well established with a large number of organized players. As of today, due to growing emphasis on developing a robust T&D network in the country to meet the rising demand for reliable power, a number of government initiatives and programmes have been undertaken that have helped create a positive market for cables and conductors in the country. As per various estimates, it is expected that the industry which has been growing at the rate of around 15 percent currently will start growing at the CAGR of over 20 percent over the next five years. Market Overview: Over the past two decades, Indian wires and cables industry has grown considerably in size while transforming itself into an organized one from being an unorganized sector. Though the unorganized sector still constitutes a notable one-third of the industry, however, the market is dominated by few major players. To be precise, the market is led by major players specializing in designing, manufacturing viz. Polycab wires, Finolex cables, CMI, RR Kabel, Sterlite Technologies, KEI Industries and Havells India. Other significant players include Cable Corporation of India, Cords Cable Industries, Diamond Power Investment, Gupta Power Investment Ltd., KEC International Ltd., LS Cable India, Shilpi Cable Technologies, Universal Cables, V-Guard Industries, etc. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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Wires & Cables 96

The overall size of the cables industry in India is estimated to be around INR 412.50 billion in 2016-17 as per IEEMA, recording a moderate growth of around 5.1 percent over the previous FY 2018-19. As for the current financial year, the industry has registered a growth of 9.6 percent during the first half of FY 2017-18 (April to September). On the other hand, due to the delays in order finalizations by major buyers – the conductors market saw a decline of 10.76 percent falling in overall size from INR 81.25 billion in 2015-16 to INR 72.50 billion in 2016-17. Unfortunately, the segment is still facing the heat and negative growth of 17.40 percent during the first half of current FY 2017-18 (April to September). During 2016-17, the exports stood at INR 19.55 billion (registering a growth of 14.5 percent) and the imports stood at INR 5.76 billion (with a decline of 1.1 percent). Thus, the exports have supported the growth in the cable segment. If we look at the exports/imports comparison during the first half of the current FY 2017-18, the total value of cable exports stood at INR 11.96 billion, whereas the cable imports during the same period stood at INR 4.59 billion. While the exports recorded an increase of 2 percent over the corresponding period in the previous year, the imports witnessed a sharp decline of 50 percent over the corresponding period of the previous year. On the other hand, during the first half of the current financial year 2017-18, the import of conductors stood at Rs 3.11 billion, recording a significant decline of 41 percent over the same period in the previous year. Fortunately, the exports of conductors registered a growth of 5 percent in this period and stood at Rs 8.29 billion. Trends: Market & Technology Overall, the cables and conductors industry has grown significantly in the past few years with investments infused in the power and investment sectors by the government. While the cable segment witnessed a positive growth, the conductor segment experienced sluggish demand last year. Across cable sub-categories, the power cables segment registered a growth of 5.2 percent in 2016-17, while the control cables segment saw a decline of 3.4 percent. However, the first half of 2017-18 saw a reversal of trends wherein the high voltage power cable growth tumbled by 7 percent and the control cable segment grew by 2.9 percent. The cable segment is the shift towards high voltage transmission lines. This demand is essentially driven by the creation of high capacity long distance corridors to deliver

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electricity to high demand regions and the development of green energy corridors for integrating the increasing share of renewable energy into the grid. Further, underground cabling is gaining increased acceptance among state and central transmission utilities as it provides greater safety (against electrocution) as compared to overhead cables. On the technology front, the industry is witnessing a number of new technologies being introduced to enable utilities to augment their capacities without encountering the issues of right-of-way (RoW) clearances. Further, due to the risks associated with bare overhead cables, covered cables have been gaining importance in the market. Crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE), high-density polyethylene, aerial bunched cables and spacer cable systems are some of the most commonly used covered cables. In addition, an emerging technology trend of high-temperature low sag (HTLS) conductors is witnessing a greater adoption by the utilities. These conductors not only enhanced the operational efficiency but can also be used for the purpose of reconductoring the existing lines that enable utilities to transmit a higher quantum of power through existing corridors and can significantly scale down losses as well as instances of power outages. Further, to increase the current carrying capacity and scale down the transmission losses, utilities are turning to high-temperature superconductors (HTS) that have 5 to 10 times the current carrying capacity as compared to conventional conductors. Gas-insulated lines (GILs) that can be installed under the ground as well as in tunnels and trenches are today a well-accepted technology trend in the overseas market. Due resistive losses of GILs being lower than overhead lines and other types of underground cables, they offer greater reliability with no risk of fire. This technology can serve as a viable alternative to overhead lines where RoW is not available for the transmission of electricity. However, it is still waiting to see a widespread adoption in the domestic market. Opportunities Ahead: Overall, the cables and conductors industry is open to significant growth opportunities on account of investments planned in the power and investment sectors by the government. The large-scale grid integration of intermittent renewable energy and the centre’s focus on achieving “Power for All” by 2018 that is backed by initiatives and programmes support investment in network strengthening and up gradation are some of the positive growth indicators for ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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Way Forward: There is utmost need to look into corrective measures to deal with the issue faced by the industry. There is lack of standardisation of the end product posing a serious challenge for the sector. It is therefore imperative to develop standard guidelines for the industry as a whole so as the quality is not compromised. Further, the government should look into creating a single window clearance mechanism for all players to deal with the issue of delays in projects. This will help in faster project clearances leading to spur in the demands for the industry. Though increasing industrialization and growing population agriculture for reliable and efficient power supply have kept demand high for cables and conductors. Going forward, looking the investments infused in the power and investment sectors by the government and various initiatives undertaken, this demand trend is expected to continue for the industry in the future as well. According to the IEEFA, India’s T/R grids will requirement adding modernization investments totaling between $60 bn & $ 80 bn. Additionally, GoI has established a target to add100 GW of solar power capacity by 2022 which requirements between $6 bn & $8 bn of grid investment to move this power from its sources to its users. After this India’s grid will be much more accessible, reliable, cleaner & efficient than it currently is. Much of this investment seems to be made using world-class equip’, materials & techniques to ensure that every penny invested gets put to good use. Cables &conductors are crucial elements of a T&D network. Cable & conductor market in India seen strong growth over the past few years on the back of expansions

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cables and conductors industry. As per the Central Electricity Authority’s draft National Electricity Plan – Transmission, 2016, an investment of Rs 2,600 billion is expected to be made during the period 2017-18 to 2021-22 for transmission system augmentation in the country. Of this, Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (Powergrid) is expected to invest around Rs 1,000 billion. Further, investment by the central government through schemes such as DDUGJY, IPDS, and Saubhagya will continue to maintain the demand in the cables and conductors segment. In addition, most of the state’s discoms are expected to improve their T&D investment through renewed capital expenditure that signed in for UDAY scheme. With the development of large-scale renewable energy plants and solar parks, is the need for integration of the new renewable-based capacity into the existing grid. Powergrid and the state transcos are also expected to undertake significant investments under the GEC project for improving connectivity to renewable energy projects. Certainly, this can be counted as one of the major demand drivers for the cables and conductors industry. Another key driver for the growth is governments Smart Cities Mission which is expected to propel the demand in the country and present new opportunities in the cables and conductors segment. Issues & Challenges one of the biggest challenges faced by the industry is volatility in raw material prices. Any upward movements in the prices of raw material like steel, zinc, copper, and aluminium have an adverse effect on the profit margins. In addition, as the wire and cable industry is dependent on imports from China, the UAE, Russia, and Japan, thus exchange rate variations highly affects the industry. Further, delay in the execution of projects due to the agriculture of multiple clearances and approvals, and the shortage of manpower, this too poses a major impediment to the growth of the industry. Lately, the industry is also seen grappling with the challenge pertaining to lack of fair level playing field in the market. In many of the instances, it is seen that the tenders released by utilities have specific pre-qualification condition that hampers the wider participation by the domestic industry. Also, being a large section of the industry still unorganized, there is lack of quality product offerings by these players, due to non- compliance with the product guidelines.

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in the power sector as well as other investment sectors. This market in India comprises nearly half of the electrical industry & has grown at a CAGR of over 12% between 2013-14 & 2017-18. Governments continued focus on 24×7 reliable power supply, reduction in T&D losses & universal household electrification has helped drive demand in the market & this rising trend is expected to continue in the near term. Development & strengthening of the country’s T&D network has always been a key focus area. For this, a no’ of government initiatives & programs have been undertaken such as the DDUGJY, IPDS & the recently launched Saubhagya scheme. All these schemes have created a market for this sector in the country. Indian wire & cable industry gone through different phases of expansion & contraction. JFTC is now being used no more for the telephone lines& is an e.g. of boom & bust cycle. Fiber optic cable too will have its boom & bust period; it had one 17 years ago & it will have one again. India will have consolidation of certain plants & closure of certain others but there will be an ongoing market for fiber optic cables. This industry has had a cyclical demand profile where demand is based upon the economy & technology, both of which run at different speeds & so some¬ times these peaks & troughs in the 2 different demand cycles coincide & either get a boom/ get a bust & at other times a steady trickle of business. Some players in India have survived through all of that & the people who are still here are the ones who know how to manage & survive it. In the next 2-3, some good growth can be seen in the cable industry, especially the fiber optics. India cannot produce enough fiber at the moment to satisfy the demand that will come over the next 2-3 years. And is a reason why major fiber makers in India are investing a lot to expand production to produce fiber that will be needed. India stands to be in a good position globally in terms of being a producer of these products. Once saturated own market with cable there will still be a market for replace¬ment. Some additions will be there but there will also be other markets which need it & those become the export market. African countries are the next big & growing markets. China is covering its domestic market. Middle East will grow but small population may impact the scope for business there. Market size & growth Size of the cable industry in India has increased at a CAGR of 14.6% between 2013-14&2017-18. As per IEEMA, total size of the domestic cable market in 2017-18 was est’ at Rs 500 bn, a remarkable growth of 20% over 2016-17. In

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the first 6 months of 2018-19 (Apr-Sep), market registered a 30% growth. Meanwhile, Domestic conductor industry has witnessed sluggish growth over the past 5 years, recording a CAGR of about 2%. Size of market increased marginally from Rs 72.5 bn in 2016-17 to Rs 81 bn in 2017-18, after recording -ve growth for 2 consecutive years. In the first half of 2017-18 (Apr-Sep), it again registered a decline of 6.3% over the previous year. Which can be attributed to delays in the finalization of orders by major buyers? In the cable industry, demand for all subcategories of wires & cables such as power cables, control cables & comm. cables has grown consistently. In 2017-18, the LV cable segment registered a growth of 27.87%, followed by the control cable segment at 12.2%, & the HV cable segment at 9.7%. In the first half of 2018-19, the LV, HV & control cable segments recorded growth rates of 33.5%, 29.3% & 22.9%, respectively. Yet, increase in import of cables & conductors have affected domestic demand. In 2017-18, import of cables stood at Rs 7.34 bn &conductors at Rs 5.25 bn, about 20 & 33% higher than respectively imports recorded in 2016-17. In the first 6 months of 2018-19, while the import of cables continued to grow, recording an increase of 23% over the previous year, import of conductors recorded a significantly decline of 24%. Total value of cable exports in 2017-18 stood at Rs 25.6 bn &conductor exports at Rs 18.2 bn, hence registering a growth of 18%&15%, respectively which is a +ve indicator for the domestic industry. Growth drivers Cable & conductor industry have grown significantly in the past few years with investments being made in the power & investment sectors by the government. Size of the industry is expected to double over the next 5 years, growing at a CAGR of 20%. Continuing focus on 24×7 power supply, development & strengthening of the T&D network & electrification of all villages & households are some of the key growth drivers of the cable & conductor

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market. Various government programs including the IPDS, Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana & the UDAY have led to new investments in the distribution segment. Government has planned an investment of about Rs 2.6 tn in the T/R sector during the XIIIth plan period, which is 1.4 times higher than the proposed capex in the XIIth plan period. Of the planned investment, Rs 300 bn is likely to be spent on T/R systems of 220 kV & below. One of the major drivers for this industry is the integration of renewables to the system. Government has set a target to install 225 GW of renewable capacity by 2022. A large share of which will come from solar installations, creating a significantly opportunity for solar cables. Also, to evacuate power from the large-scale RE plants being developed under the plan, a no’ of T/R lines are being constructed, hence driving demand for conductors. Also, ongoing smart city projects are expected to lead to large-scale developments in the power, telecom, housing & other investment sectors, creating more demand. Underground cabling is an essential part of smart city projects. It has become almost mandatory in densely populated areas owing to increasing RoW issues. It is also being preferred owing to its benefits such as low susceptibility to damage from severe weather conditions, greater safety, protection against illegal connections, theft & pilferage & better aesthetics. Government also plans to undertake 100% electrification of its broad-gauge network by 2021-22 which involves electrification of almost 40,000 route km of railway lines, which is a huge opportunity for this market. Metro rail projects worth Rs 1.75 tn are at various stages of approval & are likely to come up for bidding in the next 5 years, creating a Rs 175 bn opportunity. Also, the oil & gas industry is set to invest Rs 6 tn over the next 7 years, largely focusing on increasing the refining capacity & developing new fields. And, this is expected to boost the cable industry as 3% of the capex in the oil & gas industry is spent on cables. Reconductoring also increases the demand as it enables utilities to transmit a higher quantum of power through existing corridors & can significantly scale down losses & instances of power outages. While the cable segment witnessed a positive growth, the conductor segment experienced sluggish demand. With the development of large-scale RE plants & solar parks, there is a need to lay down lines in order to connect them to existing grid. Meanwhile, investment in the coming years will continue to be driven by the central government through schemes such as DDUGJY, IPDS & Saubhagya. Even though the DDUGJY scheme is nearing its target, the focus on ||www.electricalmirror.net||

household electrification through Saubhagya will continue to sustain the demand in the cables & conductors’ segment. Also, with most of the states adopting UDAY, the state discoms are expected to improve their T&D investment through renewed capital expenditure. Apart from the impetus provided by the government, other key driver for the growth of the cable segment is the shift towards HVT/R lines. This demand is essentially driven by the creation of high capacity long distance corridors to deliver electricity to high demand regions & the development of green energy corridors for integrating the increasing share of RE into the grid. Future growth in the cable segment is likely to be driven by 132 kV&400 kV lines. Underground cabling too is gaining increased acceptance among state & central T/R utilities as it provides greater safety as compared to overhead cables. Lastly, the increase in government infra spending, particularly under the Smart Cities Mission, is expected to propel demand &present new opportunities in the cables & conductors’ segment. Wires And Cables Market Share Insights Key players such as Prysmian S.p.A; Furukawa Electric Co. Ltd.; Nexans; Fujikura Ltd.; Sumitomo Corporation; Southwire Company; Leoni AG; NKT A/S; Belden Inc.; LS Cable & System Ltd.; and KEI Industries Ltd. held the leading position in the market. These companies are adopting various organic and inorganic growth strategies. Extensive investments in smart grid transmission have led players to aggressively receive contracts and agreements. For instance, in 2017, LS Cable & System Ltd. received a contract from Power Grid Company of Bangladesh (PGCB), an overhead cable project worth $60 Billion. LS Cable & System Ltd. will manufacture and supply all the products and construct the transmission towers for the project. Mergers and acquisitions and partnerships have positively impacted the growth and are significantly driving the overall market share of key players. For instance, in August 2016, Nexans and American Superconductor Corporation (AMSC) entered into a partnership to market and sold AMSC’s Resilient Electric Grid (REG) system. The partnership involves AMSC and Nexans to collaborate and deliver products and solution to electric utility customers in U.S. and Canada. Also, in June 2016, Nexans signed a framework agreement with Energinet.dk, a Danish Transmission System Operator (TSO). The agreement was to deliver 500 km of high voltage (HV) cables, and the contract is worth more than 20 billion euros. EM

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Manoj Verma Executive President & Chief Operating Officer

Polycab India Limited

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Q. Polycab has gradually established itself as a leading Q. What are smart (switchgears, lighting & luminaires

name in Indian wire and cable industry. Tell us about etc.) products offered by Polycab? What is the response the journey of Polycab? you are getting on your smart products range?

. Tell us about your key focus and product line. Is there any new addition in your product list?

FMEG segment broadly operates in Fans,LED Lighting & Luminaires, Switches, Switchgear, Pumps and Geysers, Coolers. Our focus has always been on expanding the sub product segments within these categories to become one stop shop for all electrical solutions. Driven by the market demand, there has been a focus on improving the share of premium and super premium products by working on improving functionality, aesthetics, technology, and sustainability aspect. Polycab has recently entered a new segment with the launch of Hohm as a portfolio of smart products such as Smart Fans, lighting, IR blaster etc for the B2C segment. Polycab recently launched Purocoat, India's First Antivirus Ceiling Fans which are manufactured with Nanova Hygiene+TM Technology.

Q. Do you feel Covid-19 can prove to be a huge opportunity for India to emerge as a global manufacturing hub? What steps and policies are required to capitalize on this opportunity?

India has been provided a major opportunity to increase its manufacturing capabilities as global companies would seek to develop additional supply chain outside China. The manufacturing industry is also a massive job provider. This is invaluable for a country like India, which has such a high unemployment rate and the fact that a million people enter the workforce every month and they all need new jobs. Therefore, India should grab this opportunity to bolster its manufacturing sector by working on cost and quality standards. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Polycab offers IOT based smart products through a brand called “Hohm” from the House of Polycab which will cater to the needs of the digital age. Current portfolio pans across products categories like Fans, Lighting, Switches and Water Heaters that can be operated using state-of-the-art mobile app and voice control. In addition to these, we also have Hohm Switchboard and Vivere Smart integrated panel designs which are available in various designs and finishes like Concrete, Brick,Marble, Glass,Corean & Wooden. These can be customized to match your floor, preferred colour, or design. Hohm smart product range includes Hohm Lanre Smart Plug, Hohm Zuerst Smart Water Heater, Hohm Lusiant Smart Panel, Hohm Avenir Smart Batten, Hohm Avance Smart Bulb, Hohm Stolz & Stolz-i Smart Fan, Hohm Krasa Smart BLDC Fan and HOHM Mirai IR Blaster.

. How do you evaluate the developed and developing market when it comes to technology, product offerings, and marketing strategies?

We evaluate all the markets based on factors such as overall market demand, demographics, consumer spending and aspirational value, maturity of distribution channel etc. By and large, all standard products are offered in both kinds of markets, but with a portfolio such as Hohm which has been positioned in the super premium category, we had identified key developed markets only where the consumer spending and aspirational value is relatively higher and therefore, will have to be sold through proper online and offline channel. Similarly, we do offer economy range in certain products specifically targeting the developing markets.

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Polycab had a Humble beginning in a small electrical retail shop in Mumbai in 1968 which was followed by the setting up a Manufacturing plant at Halol, Gujarat. The company got incorporated in Jan 1996 and expansion in manufacturing continued with the setting up of a facility for PVC insulated power cables house wires, telephone cables, optical fibre cables, switch board cables and quad cables at Daman. With the strong manufacturing and customer base, Polycab Crossed INR 10,000 mn in revenue in 2006 and INR 3,1000 mn in 2011. Having witnessed exceptional growth in the wires and cables segment, the company forayed into Switches in 2013, followed by Fans, Lighting and Switchgear in 2014 to continue its growth journey in the electrical industry. It continued to focus on strengthening the manufacturing capabilities by setting up facilities for Fans in Roorkee and for Switchgear in Nashik. Polycab also entered a joint venture with Techno Electromech for manufacturing of lighting products. Recently, the company has embarked upon a sales acceleration program focussed at expanding retail reach in top 300 markets for all FMEG products.

. How is Polycab as a company fairing in the market? Are you planning any launches in the coming 3 months?

FMEG segment continued its strong momentum, withstanding all disruptions in the last financial year. The year was marked with impressive broadbased growth and market share gains across categories. Within the fans category we emerged leader in few geographical clusters. Lighting business posted strong industry leading growth over last year despite tough market conditions and input cost inflation. Our strategic interventions to unlock synergies helped revive growth in categories like switches and switchgears. A focused programme is underway to develop premium and value-added products which resonates better to market trends. We have a series of new launches planned for the next quarter. In Fans, we are coming up with a new range of remote control operated super premium fans with exceptional aesthetics and energy efficiency. In addition, product extensions are planned in other businesses. EM

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Vinay Rathi Director

Gloster Cables ltd.

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Q. How has this year been for Gloster Cable? What

sector like Solar Power plants in line with “Atmanirbhar Bharat” we have developed Solar Cables with our own technology which will contribute majorly to these solar plants.

Global Economy got affected drastically during pandemic. We at Gloster quickly transformed us towards using digital platform like online interaction with customer through video calls, making us available round the clock for any of their queries through regular emailers, conference calls, webinars etc. We reached all of our clients through these modes. We noticed change in buying pattern of customers and accordingly we addressed their queries. We conducted several online inspections for customers because of restrictions in visits. As a matter of fact although we faced some hurdles in initial days but we coped up with the situation with our quick transformation from offline to online mode.

Q. How is your export business shaping up?

are the differences that you see in the market in pre & post lockdown period?

safety of the consumers from electrical hazards? Can you share about Gloster Cable s’ products to address the situation?

Gloster manufactures a variety of fire-resistant cables with limited integrity in accordance with various international construction and testing standards. We provide these types of cables with Copper and Aluminium conductors, but according to existing standards, only Copper conductors are intended. We have accumulated some experience in the use of Aluminium conductor, so we can provide a flame temperature higher than the melting point of Aluminium. These cables are very important when extinguishing fires because they can ensure that the power supply is maintained for a long enough time. Help people trapped in the building in the event of a fire, check the escape signs, listen to the alarm system, ensure that the water pump, smoke vents and stair ventilation systems continue to work, and ultimately help people leave the affected building

Q. Is there any new addition in your products’ list for the wire & cable segment?

We have a wide product range from 1.1 kV LT Cables to 33 kV HT Cables. We have mastered in different types of special cables like Fire Survival cable. Fire Alarm Cable, Solar Cables, Instrumentation Cables, AB Cables etc.

Q. How has the electrical industry evolved in India? What is the wide range of opportunities for the sector across the value chain?

Since India is a developing countries and lots of infrastructure plan is on way viz. JNNURM, AMRUT, IPDS, RAPDRP etc, Upgradation of existing Airport & New Airport in Class B & C class cities, High speed Road & Rail connectivity, Renovations & upgradations of Ports, Housing for all etc , Smart cities projects, As per the economist the Electrical manufacturing sector is growing at CAGR of 15 to 20 % . Keeping all the facts, there is huge potentials for the electricals manufacturing sectors.

Q. How are government policies influencing the power

& energy sector? What are the policies that would be an enabler to the industry if adopted on a government and national level?

From the 2021-22 Union Budget, the government has allocated Rs 305,984 crore ($42 billion) in the next five years for a new, reform-based, results-oriented power distribution system. By 2022, the goal of 175 GW will be gradually achieved. It is estimated that the energy consumption in 2022 will reach 1,894.7 TWh. 100% FDI allowed in the power sector has stimulated the inflow of foreign direct investment in the sector. According to the National Infrastructure pipeline 2019-25 projects in the energy sector account for the largest share (24%) of the total expected capital expenditure of Rs 111 Lakh Crore(US$1.4 trillion).

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Q. How is Gloster Cable playing a major role in ensuring

Due to the problems of Covid 19, due to travel bans and slowing development, various industries are facing many challenges in improving their export business. However, we are exploring business opportunities in Africa, Bangladesh, Nepal and the United Arab Emirates.

Q. On the technical side, in what direction are we

headed? What are we seeing with regard to technological Q. How are you exactly contributing to the ‘Atmanirbhar innovation? What are the trends? Technical innovations are an important aspect for consistent Bharat’ mission? 99% of our procurement of raw materials are from Indian manufacturers. Moreover to cater to the renewable energy

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growth of any manufacturing industry. Quality & Safety are the two important parameters, where Gloster consistently focus and added value over the standard technical parameter. EM || JULY 2021 ||

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Gautam Seth Joint Managing Director

hPL eLectric and Power Ltd.

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HPL Electric & Power Limited is India’s leading electric equipment manufacturer with a formidable presence across five key verticals: Metering Solutions, Switchgears, LED Lighting, Wires & Cables, Solar Solutions and Modular Switches. Our backward (backend) integrated facilities have the capabilities of product design and development, component designing, tool manufacturing and commercial production. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Q. How has this year been for HPL? What are the

Q. Is there any new addition in your products’ list for

the wire & cable segment? As one of the leading manufacturer of wires and cables in the country, our product portfolio already caters to all major segments in the wire and cable industry. At the same time, we are continuously exploring and innovating with new technology and materials to come out with new products in the wire and cable segment.

Q. How are you exactly contributing to the ‘Atmanirbhar

Bharat’ mission? We are an Indian brand committed to ‘Make In India’ and Atmanirbhar Bharat. With over 50 years experience in the Indian market, we understand the mood of the nation is to have a robust industrial and technological capacity, to be a resilient economy in view of the global uncertainties. We are not only designing and manufacturing electrical components and products at our manufacturing facilities, we also have elaborate R&D and testing facilities. We . How is HPL playing a major role in ensuring safety have recently set up R&D centre to conduct advanced of the consumers from electrical hazards? Can you share research in developing solutions smart IOT technology about HPLs’ products to address the situation? and communication technology. HPL has been promoting and creating awareness on electrical safety through its vendor network and keeps . How is your export business shaping up? customers and distributors aware on key safety features and In the recent years we have done exceptionally well in aspects of all our products. All our products are certified the export market and HPL has established itself in more with Indian and International standards conforming to than 35 countries in regions of Asia, Africa, Europe, UK highest safety standards. We educate our customers to and Indian Sub-continent. Our exports have substantially buy only certified products and on good operation and grown year on year and in the near future we are looking maintenance practices that enhance safety and durability to further expand our footprints in the African, Middle of electrical systems and products. East and Asian markets. EM

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differences that you see in the market in pre & post lockdown period? It has been very challenging year for the entire economy, despite this, we managed to show considerable resilience and have bagged many new orders and fulfilled our existing orders. We recently we bagged an order of Rs 372 Cr for its switchgear, wires and other related accessories for low-cost housing projects in Andhra Pradesh. Our business has picked up considerably in the recent months and the company hopes for improved growth in the coming months. If we look at the overall industry scenario, the demand of electricity has been reduced undoubtedly due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Governments were constrained to reduce the business activity in response to minimize the danger of coronavirus. This on-going situation due to COVID-19 has changed the lifestyle globally as people are mostly staying home and working from home if possible. Hence, there is a significant increase in residential load demand while there is a substantial decrease in commercial and industrial loads. This calamitous situation creates new challenges in the technical and financial activities of the power sector and hence most of the utilities around the world proposed a disaster management plan to tackle these ongoing challenges/threats. As of now many states are doing some relaxations in the guidelines in the lockdown period. This can somehow increase the commercial and industrial loads in power sector.

All our products have the highest safety standards and best in terms of technology, quality and design. An enhanced fire retardant property in insulation plays a major role in fire safety. Cables are insulated/jacketed by such blend of insulation which are more resistant to fire. We are offering cables with fire retardant PVC, fire retardant low smoke PVC, extremely low smoke and halogen free compound. We are developing FR-LSH (Flame Retardant Low Smoke Halogen) cables which is made up of Bare-annealed copper and unicolour FR-LSH PVC.

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Sameer Saxena Director-Marketing

Legrand India

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Legrand is a global specialist in electrical and digital building infrastructure. In India, we have been a leader in the protection business for over two decades, and leverage global knowledge to customise offerings locally, delivering end-to-end solutions across categories and sectors, from residential and commercial, to hospitality and industrial. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Q. Please tell us about the journey of Legrand in India.

Q. How has the second wave of the pandemic affected

business?

The second wave of the pandemic is unlike the first wave, which has impacted all the businesses and our loved ones. The first wave of pandemic focused on to revive the businesses whereas, the second wave has unprecedently impacted our customers and team members. Owing to the ongoing pandemic, we understand the sentiments and do not believe in rushing to revive the business. At the current situation, health & wellbeing is our utmost priority. Once things grow to be normal at personal front for all our stakeholders, is when we start reviving our business which will be slow and steady. We will not hustle into business immediately with terms of orders and new customers.

What are the special initiatives taken by the organization for the well-being of the employees?

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic organizations must have focus on employees’ mental well-being and emotional quotient to reinstate efficiency. The significant impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on employees’ personal and work lives is leading to employee anxiety, frustration, and burnout. Lack of attention could affect employees’ productivity and engagement, leading to poor work quality, errors and eventually influencing an organization’s ability to survive in these difficult times. We at Legrand have introduced Employee Wellness and Assistance Program (EWAP) for mental health and wellbeing of all our Employees and their families. We have also scheduled free consultation with doctors on call and video call, assistance with oxygen cylinders, hospitalization, vaccination drives for employees, etc.

Q. What kind of technological excellence or uniqueness

can be found in the products offered by Legrand?

Disruptive technologies lead to transformational changes. In today’s scenario, everything is connected via Internet. The integration of networked buildings is altering the reality of how business operates. The IOT/IIOT have a profound impact upon the future of business. Numerous organizations have analyzed and anticipated the impact of the IoT devices . What are the operational challenges faced by Legrand creating the opportunity as big as 397 billion dollars by 2025. New categories of services and products are being developed; due to Covid-19? thereby leading the next economic revolution or we can say As a philosophy, health, and safety are key paramount for building revolution. Legrand and all our stakeholders. The first challenge faced was to bring each one of us to the level of normalcy. Our aim In the present era of technological advancement, it’s essential is to maintain track on the recovery of our impacted team to maintain building’s efficiency and ensure uptime. We, members, in terms of health whether they have recovered as consumers, need to keep a control on our building’s well, are the post-recovery protocols being followed under consumptions and how this in turn will be beneficial to us. doctor’s guidance. The second challenge was to ensure that We recommend that one should use switchgear products, which are connected, energy efficient and adhere to environment our employees are vaccinated. standards. Connected products like LV Panel complying The most important challenge is on two parameters, one is with IEC-61439-2, Bus Bar trunking system, ACB, MCCB, business and the other is back end (Manufacturing & Supply Capacitors, MCB, UPS, Lighting Management with data and

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Legrand India is a global specialist in the electrical and digital building infrastructure. Legrand offers a comprehensive, high-performance portfolio dedicated to electrical and digital infrastructures in buildings—including controls and command products and systems, energy and data flow distribution, cable management and installation components. Globally, Legrand is a leader in wiring devices and cable management with a global market share of over 20% and 14% respectively. It holds leadership position in protection/modular devices and a strong challenger in wiring devices. The company also holds a leading position in Home Automation, MCCBs and Cable management systems. Legrand’s products enjoy undisputable brand equity because they have a clear advantage which reflects in the design-engineering that works, in the simplicity of use and in the simplicity of installation. The company is fast emerging as a leader in its core business by extending products and services that suit every segment in the local market.

Chain). On business front, we will not rush in reviving the business whereas, the manufacturing and the supply chain have continued to work under the Government Safety guidelines. We have increased our inventory during the lockdown owing to when the markets will open, we would be able to serve our customers better. The back end has been working steadily within the limitations to ensure that the supply chain is not impacted. But on the customer end, we will go slow and steady and serve them as and when required.

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clothes is no more a human task. AI means ‘machine learning’. For data to be useful it must be analyzed, which is exactly what AI does. AI makes huge volume of data meaningful. It tries to imitate human brains, how . Why there is a need to invest in automation equipment? the human brain thinks, behaves, and react to the respective What are the different smart solutions offered by Legrand actions. AI provides results as per consumer behavior, for for the Indian market? example, Amazon will suggest you movies and books based As Covid-19 reaches all facets of industries like healthcare, on your last buy. It brings in ‘intelligent connectivity’ to the life sciences and the public sector, are finding new ways to users of IoT since mere connectivity of devices will do no defend against the spread of virus and mitigate the impact good until the data from those devices is analyzed in terms that could have long-term effects on businesses and the of what is relevant and what is not. economy. Home Automation provides tools and solutions to support customers in navigating these unforeseen challenges. . Given the current situation, what will be the future The overall home automation market is expected to grow of electrical switchgear market in India? from USD 45.8 Billion in 2017 to USD 114 Billion by 2025 Owing to global pandemic the shut down of manufacturing at a CAGR of 12.1% during the forecast period. The wireless and processing industries have led to decline in growth. home automation systems segment is expected to be driven The emerging economies are investing heavily in developing by the increasing demand from around the world. (Content power infrastructures to strengthen the grid projects. As the Credit – Fortune Business Insights Report). COVID-19 spread in India is approaching the third wave We offer various smart solutions for the Indian market such lockdown, it is showcasing a decrease in the power demand as Smart home IOT for retrofit solution, Smart home with from the industrial and commercial sectors. MyHomup, Smart home with customized keypad & integrated The increasing energy demand has led to a need for a reliable solution Vantage for IB's, Smart & connect Energy Meters, and stable T&D network. New regulations for reducing the Smart connect Audio system " Nuvo players & speakers", Smart power blackouts and upgrading the power system infrastructure Connected Door Phone" Classe300", Smart IP door Phone, across the globe are creating a potential opportunity for the Smart connected " Electrical Cabinet CX3", Smart Connected growth of the market. Weather station, Air quality Monitor , Indoor & outdoor The global switchgear market size was USD 105.43 billion in cameras, Smart integrated KNX system, Smart connected 2019 and is projected to reach USD 170.40 billion by 2027, Lighting Management system, Smart connected Guest room exhibiting a CAGR of 6.6% during the forecast period. (Content Hotel Management system for Hotels & Smart connected Credit – Fortune Business Insights Report). Nurse calling system "Neat" for assisted living & healthcare. Home Automation system and Dry type transformers confirming to ECBC norms can be at the core of connected buildings and help installations improve their overall efficiency and reliability.

Interview

Q. How is Legrand as a company fairing in the market? Q. How technologies like IoT, Big Data and other smart Are you planning any launches in the coming 3 months?

technologies are helping the industry in survival?

We have already stepped into a world where virtual communication exists. IoT which means a network of physical devices, vehicles, electronics, sensors, software, and every other object around you that are digitally connected and assists collection and exchange of data. IoT technology refers to the Universe of devices with in-built sensors that provide data for further transmission in a much more convenient way. In today’s time all the latest technologies are simply for survival. The latest technologies have impacted all industries, from logistics to manufacturing to healthcare – we are about to enter a connected world. Not just organizations, IoT has also led to massive empowerment of the consumers by providing greater control of household systems and appliances, washing 108

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We as a company are progressing well. The first quarter of 2021 was quite robust as compared to the year 2020 and the momentum was good. Unfortunately, the second quarter was impacted due to the second wave. Our inventory and supply chain were progressing smooth and ready to serve the customers once the markets open. Product launches are a key part of Legrand's strategy from past 20 years. All have witnessed Legrand's aggressive product launches each year with various products. Although we are facing pandemic from last year till now, our product platforms are robust and are investing in product launches. We have launched Myrius Next Gen product in January month. We have also planned few more launches once market is normal. EM

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Gensets

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Generation industry in India is largely split into conventional & non-conventional ways The battery revolution is moving from the highway to the construction site. At a project in northern Hong Kong, vn Ltd. has swapped out diesel generators with massive lithium-ion batteries called Enertainers to power the giant cranes that erect high-rises. It’s yet another indication of how reduced cost and improved efficiency have opened the door for the technology to move into fields once thought impossible to electrify. While construction cranes have always run on electricity, they have tended to use diesel generators because the massive bursts of power needed would drain local grids and risk blackouts. Batteries can take barely noticeable sips from the network all day and night in order to provide the giant discharges needed by the builders, with benefits that go beyond helping to limit pollution. “We can work longer hours as it produces much less noise, it’s significantly more economical from a fuel and maintenance point of view, and our company is able to reduce our carbon and air quality emissions,” said Sammy Lai, a director

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at Gammon Construction, which is using the batteries for a development at Hong Kong Science Park in the New Territories. Gammon got the batteries from Ampd Energy Ltd., a Hong Kong startup founded in 2015. It delivered its first unit about a year ago, and now has shipped 17 to seven different companies using them on 14 sites. Another 16 units are set to be delivered by the end of the year. Others are looking at electrifying construction sites as well. Caterpillar Inc. has touted expanded electrification in its product lines. Oslo’s city government has proposed targeting zero-emission construction sites for municipal work by 2025. Even as the power ministry looks to focus on providing power supply to all, besides ensuring generation of surplus power, the number of diesel power generator sets in the country may be on a rise. None of the government agencies publicly share any data related to the number of operating diesel generator sets (gensets) in India. However, data sourced through industry sources shows

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that diesel power generator sets capacities have raised at a rate of around 5,000 megawatts (MW) per annum in the last two years in the country. According to data sourced through its internal research, private power producer Tata Power said capacity of diesel gensets is estimated to stand at 90,000 MW as on 2016-end, from 80,000 MW in 2014. Increase in capacity is rather surprising as the past three years have seen the government focusing on increasing power supply in the country, besides witnessing a surplus condition in some scenarios. To be sure, the power exchanges in the country or the spot market for power have been trading at cheaper rates, as compared to their performace a few years back. Power Minister Piyush Goyal took to social media platform Twitter and said that around 4,396 megawatts of power was available at rate of Rs. 2.59 per unit for states. Industry experts attribute the rise in diesel gensets to the largely erratic and uneven power supply in the country, besides issues faced at the transmission and distribution level. "Diesel generator sets are operated only for a short period of time during the day and are used as a back-up power supply," said Ashok Sethi, chief operating officer and executive director for Tata Power. "The rise is not surprising as generator sets are a solution for erratic power. Unless, the country moves towards reliable power supply and solves the transmission and distribution

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related issues, this trend will continue," said an industry official who did not wish to be identified. Power demand deficit peaked at 0.8% or 1,197 MW in April due to erratic power supply in the country. Another industry consultant added that the increasing number of new factories and buildings in the country may have also contributed to the rising number of diesel-run generators sets as they require a running supply of power for operations. The estimated figure gains significance when it is juxtaposed with the country's total generating capacity of 3,30,260.53 MW, as per data compiled by Central Electricity Authority (CEA). The total generating capacity, however, does not include the capacity of power generated by diesel-run generator sets. Strengthening construction sector, booming transportation systems coupled with growing social infrastructure in the country would spur India diesel gensets market forecast revenues over the next six years. Diesel gensets have become a major source of power in the construction of modern infrastructure. Further, gensets are also heavily deployed to provide back-up power across several application areas such as construction, residential and commercial verticals. India Diesel Genset Market Size is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.6% during 2019-25. Diesel gensets with 5 kVA-75 kVA rating accounts for significant India diesel gensets market share due to their wide usage across various ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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applications, ease of availability, and low cost. Increasing utilization of lower rating gensets across domains such as telecom infrastructure in unreliable and off-grid areas would help 5 kVA-75 kVA diesel genset market segments to maintain its dominance during the forecast period. By region, the Southern region accounted for the highest revenue share in the overall market in 2018. The Northern region would however, witness a significant increase in demand for diesel gensets over the coming years on account of upcoming large-scale infrastructure projects such as Delhi Metro expansion and Lucknow Metro. India Diesel Genset market report thoroughly covers market by kVA ratings, applications and regions. India diesel genset market outlook report provides an unbiased and detailed analysis of the on-going India diesel genset market trends, opportunities/high growth areas and market drivers which would help the stakeholders to devise and align their market strategies according to the current and future market dynamics. According to report, “India Diesel Gensets Market By Rating, By End User, Competition Forecast & Opportunities, 2011 – 2021”, the diesel gensets market in India is anticipated to register market revenues of around $2.9 Billion by 2021. Diesel gensets play a crucial role in providing reliable and high-quality power backup during power outages as well as stand-alone power generation systems. Diesel gensets are increasingly being used for meeting power requirements from various end users across industrial, commercial and residential sectors. Broadly, diesel genset finds application as standby power system when prime source of power is unable to meet electricity requirements. Diesel gensets are also used as prime power source as well as for peak shaving purpose. As per the Indian Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF), India’s retail sector is anticipated to increase from USD600 billion in 2015 to USD1,300 billion by 2020, exhibiting a CAGR of 16.72% during 2015 – 2021. While, the FMCG sector of the country is likely to grow at a CAGR of 20.61% during 2016 – 2020, reaching USD103.7 billion by 2020. In 2016, India surpassed the United States to become the second largest smartphone market in the world, with around 220 million active unique smartphone users registered in 2015. According to the Indian Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF), the telecom infrastructure has expanded at a CAGR of 20% during 2008 – 2015, reaching 571,000 towers in 2015. On an average, the country’s telecom tower network consumes

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over 11 billion kWh annually, and this is likely to increase to 17 billion kWh by the end of 2016. Hence, with anticipated high growth in the end user sectors of diesel gensets in India, the demand for diesel gensets in the country is expected to grow at a healthy pace during forecast period. “Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has mandated telecommunications companies to switch from diesel gensets to renewable sources of power generation, as the total switch-over cost from diesel gensets would save nearly 2 billion litre per year of diesel, amounting to around USD1.19 billion annually. This is expected to curb the carbon footprint in the country over the next few years. In addition, the Department of Telecommunications has mandated many telecom companies to increase the proportion of hybridpowered tower sites to 75% in rural areas and 33% in urban areas by 2020. All these developments are expected to positively influence the country’s diesel gensets market over the span of next five years.” “India Diesel Gensets Market by Rating, By End User, Competition Forecast & Opportunities and 2011 – 2021” has evaluated the future growth potential of India diesel gensets market and provides statistics and information on market size, structure and future market growth. The report intends to provide cutting-edge market intelligence and help decision makers take sound investment evaluation. Besides, the report also identifies and analyses the emerging trends along with essential drivers, challenges and opportunities in India diesel gensets market. Power generation industry in India is largely split into conventional & non-conventional ways of generating electrical power. Historically, in India, prominent sources of generating electrical power are, hydel (water based), thermal (coal based), nuclear (atomic based) along with these sources diesel engine based electrical power generation has been popular. Indian diesel generator set market (only based on high speed diesel) has been witnessing growth owing to infrastructure expansion, establishment of new industries & changing business environment in the country. Strong economic growth coupled with power deficits in many parts of the country would foster the demand for diesel generator sets. Also, growing number of telecom towers in the country are expected to boost the diesel generator set market. Diesel engine-based power generation has been growing during this decade, in applications such as prime power or continuous duty as well as in backup or standby. It is worthwhile to understand the significance of start-ups in this industry in the context of challenges & opportunities. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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‘Power generation’ is a casually used term but when it comes to receiving end of usage, power generated gets transmitted through transmission network which is then followed by local distribution using distribution network. Power generation industry Imagine a day or night without electrical power. Every day or night, any human being needs electrical energy. Presently, in India, the electrical power need is fulfilled using conventional & non-conventional sources of energy. Basic electrical need across the nation gets catered using boiler (coal fired) or turbine (steam or nuclear or hydel operated) & diesel generator set. Day-by-day, with the influence of ‘Make in India’ initiative, infrastructure segment in India & other industries across India have started peaking up the electrical power demand. In the year 2015, IBEF has done extensive survey on ‘Electrical Machinery’ potential mapping in the Indian market, till year 2022. They have covered power generation machinery, distribution machinery & transmission machinery under ‘Electrical Machinery. Study indicates that electrical power generation machinery installed capacity is expected to grow from 267 GW to 350 GW from year 2015 to year 2022 which is CAGR of 3.9% whereas power demand is expected to have growth at CAGR of 17%. This clearly indicates that there is high probability of having peak demand for electrical power across country. During the same research, IBEF, in reference with a report published by Ministry of Heavy Industries, GoI, indicated to have CAGR of 27.2% for backup power generation units. Generators are expected to have 5-fold growth till 2022. Boilers are contributing to 63% of total generator industry followed by turbines with 27% & remaining approximate 10% is catered by Diesel engine driven power generator. High Speed Diesel is the one which is famous ‘Diesel’ utilized to power automobiles or generator sets. Presently, in the Indian market, High Speed Diesel engine-based power generation is enjoying 72% of market share against other sources. IBEF report indicates that the electrical machinery market has been opened for 100% FDI starting 2013 end, which is in line with the Central Pollution Control norms implementation strategy by the GoI. Even though there are government efforts to make India free from power-cuts & generate surplus power with continuity in supply & better quality of power, still there are gaps in present establishments & hence the option like UPS or Diesel engine-based power generation is becoming a popular source of back-up electrical supply.

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With this change in pollution level norms on diesel enginebased power generation, various multinational generator set manufacturers have invested in India & have started challenging the established domestic giants. In the recent past, government has assigned various regional SEZ’s which are attracting these multinational giants to set up plants or factories & become competitive in global market as well. Some of them are directly investing or some of them are coming in via joint venture route. One of the well-known research organizations in this field, RNCOS, have indicated in their report ‘India Diesel Market Outlook-2018’ that generator set market in India is on a growth path primarily due to peak demand in electrical power & also due to lack of continuous availability of power with better quality. Also, the ‘back-up’ power availability has started playing a crucial role in Indian industries such as engineering, infrastructure, realty, hospitality & many more. This report indicates that the generator market has seen a growth of 9.5% in the year 2013 over its previous calendar year. It further indicated that it would have similar growth in next 5 years to come. The Indian diesel generator market is expected to grow at 11% CAGR in the product range of below 100 KVA & higher rating product ranges are expected to grow at CAGR of 7.8% till the year 2018.Power generation industry has been through various phases of evolution. Generator manufacturers have started understanding the need of market or customers from their product than merely selling the generator sets. One of the critical evolution phases was sustaining in the change of pollution norms laid down by the GoI. First norms were laid down 10 years ago (CPCB-1) & the second were laid down in the year 2014 (known as CPCB-2). These have compelled the industry players to work on the structured or well organised sales process. The reason to change norms was purely based on environment protection & bringing in technical advancement in product, buying options for the buyers including the imported & domestic products. This has resulted in introduction of full-time availability of imported generator sets in India. Imported generator-set manufacturers have increased their capacities in India helping in boosting the Indian economy. To start with, the boost in economy looks to be negligible but the plans for next five years would attract investment of approximately USD 10 Bn. In the era of CPCB-1, India power generation segment has seen most dominating domestic players like Cummins India Ltd., Kirloskar Oil Engine, Greaves, Ashok Leyland & to some extent Mahindra & Mahindra. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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Expanding activity across all segments in the manufacturing sector, construction and infra sectors, and standby power from the residential segment, all add up to generating a robust demand for gensets in India, across all types and capacities. A trend boosting market growth for gensets is technological advances. Improved fuel economy continues to be the most significant advancement in diesel engine technology. Though many end-users prefer gasoline-powered equipment, the diesel engine segment has a solid end-user base in data centers as it is an economical option - an important parameter considered for owning power backup equipment. Over the years, several initiatives and changes have been implemented to improve the overall efficiency of engines in a diesel genset. Most of the modifications involve igniting of power within the engine itself, derived from a combination of oxygen and fuel. According to the report, a key growth driver is frequent power outages. Power outages form one of the common problems faced by developing countries such as India. India, being one of the fastest developing nations in the world, depends largely on electricity for its industrial, commercial, infrastructure, transport, and other sectors. India is the third largest electricity producer and consumer in the world after the US and China. However, an estimated 27% of the energy generated in India gets lost during transmission or is stolen. Peak supply falls short of 9%, and frequent power outages last for an average of 10 hours in many regions of the country. EM

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As compared to presence of only 4 major domestic players in the past, there are 8 major players now, essentially adding 4 giants from global market (Caterpillar, Perkins, MTU & Mitsubishi). Over the years, since 2013, market potential for diesel generator sets has gone up from 75,000 units per year to 100,000 units per year, making it to approximate increase of turnover in value terms as INR 3000 crore annually. This estimates out to 25% growth in potential & doubling the number of players. Power generation industry evolution Power generation industry has travelled a long way from its first articulate level of ‘chaotic or chaos’ to present days ‘reportable’ stage. In one of the recent articles by ‘Markets & Markets, on generator set industry growth prospects worldwide (till year 2020), growth indicated to be around US $ 20 Bn USD from present level of US $13 Bn (2015) which means at CGAR of 5.4%. Primary reasons for this growth are indicated to be growing need of continuous power supply & increasing power outages. The report also segments the diesel generator market on the basis of end-user, which includes industrial (power generation/ utilities, oil, gas & others), commercial (IT & telecom, healthcare, & others) and residential. The industrial segment is one of largest users of diesel generators and occupies more than 50% of the total market share in the end-user segment of the diesel generators market. This market is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period, owing to chronic power outages & rapid growth of industries, infrastructure, IT & tele-communication industry across the world. Growing industrialization & frequent power outages are driving the demand for diesel generators in this region. The diesel generator market in India is expected to grow at the highest CAGR, owing to growing IT, data centre, telecom, & ongoing infrastructure development programmes in the country. Start-ups are essentially of two kinds. The first one starts ground up or the one which no one has thought about. In last two to three years, many such start-ups came in & vanished on their own. This type of start-up is difficult to create but once created often sees unprecedented growth. The second type is primarily the ones that do not want to reinvent the wheel. They are interested to adding old sauce in a new dish with little value addition, either superficial, or in actual, to create something new &innovative. Both these major types of start-ups are seen in all industries. Whatever may be the kind of start-up, Indian start-ups face their own set of challenges & some stellar opportunities. Conclusion

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Sameer Wagh Sr. General ManaGer – SaleS DiStribution, Service & it

mecc alte IndIa Pvt. ltd.

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We at Mecc Alte are fully behind the trends in the market and our product expansion. We truly believe in providing solutions that make our partner’s life simpler and for this reason we are working on not just simplifying the supply chain but also in offering extra intelligence when the controllers are used in conjunction with a Mecc Alte digital alternator. With our expertise in the power generation market, we focus on exceeding customer expectations and have worked with them to offer options on how to interact with all product line-ups, from bare components to complete sub-systems. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Q. How Mecc Alte asses the Indian electrical industry

amid the second wave of Covid-19? Mecc Alte like all other electrical industries and industry in general is going through the pains of ongoing COVID-19 impact,

. What are the latest products on offer by Mecc Alte India? Please enlighten us about the applications of those products. We have launched the C-Type range of alternators- the next generation in power. Drawing on over seventy years’ experience in manufacturing the world’s class alternators, our radical new approach has led to product innovations that deliver tangible performance benefits for our customers. We have reconsidered every aspect and variable to create a ground-breaking new family of alternators. We have consolidated these innovations in all aspects of performance and function to create and introduce the new Mecc Alte C-Type Alternators. The C-Type Alternator Series is a family of three core products lines with six to eight models each, producing between 7.5kVA to 165kVA across the range. This truly builds on Mecc Alte’s leading design features and benefits from many years of continuous refinement. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Mecc Alte follows a no compromise approach on product quality. The design guidelines are followed strictly at all manufacturing locations. As a result, we consistently get the same world class quality at all our factories. As power generation becomes much more about complete solutions than products, we recognized the growing need to offer single source supply and present versatile and robust power solutions for OEMs. As such Mecc Alte can now offer: Genset Controller, Engine Controller and Battery Chargers. These products will carry the same class and quality as that of Mecc Alte Alternators With flexible component packages and our new product introductions, we will continue to meet our customers’ order requirements in the post Covid-Era as we all look to work together and mutually build success.

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• Second wave of COVID was seen as an ultimate human crisis Indian faced and much graver than the first wave. • Unlike the first wave, Industry in general was allowed to operate with certain restrictions hence financial impact was lesser than the first wave where everything was closed for 2+ months. • Different States had different problems thus restrictions & its timelines were not uniform which severely affected the supply chain. • Second wave saw huge oxygen shortage and COVID infections across all the age groups, both had an impact up to 50% on the output & thus the revenues of the electrical and manufacturing industry in April and May 2021. • Electricity use reduced by over 10% in May 2021 but the alternate & emergency power requirements surged for powering oxygen production plants and hospitals. The demand kept accumulating due to non-supply/low-supply in the lockdown period and should expect a V-shaped demand increase.

• MORE POWERFUL: C-Type alternators make the most of energy conversion to produce the maximum power to size ratio. With an increased power density they really punch above their weight. • MORE ACCESSIBLE: C-Type is easier than ever to assemble and integrate, reducing your production times. It’s a double-win for the end user and your maintenance/service team. • MORE CONFIGURABLE: Maximum power from the smallest, lightest and strongest alternators and our designers has lavished the C-Type with auxiliary winding, the MAUX and 12 wire connections as a standard, much more flexibility for adjusting power settings on the fly. The result is outstanding performance and practicality from the most easily adjustable and maintainable family of alternators on the market.

Q. How Mecc Alte is transforming itself to meet the

emerging needs of the Indian power industry? Mecc Alte has been a highly focused company in the field of industrial alternators. And that has been the reason for the success of the product across the globe. Mecc Alte offers a single product range – Synchronous Alternators from 1 – 5000kVA, right from portable alternators to industrial alternators through to medium and high voltage alternators for power generation. In the Indian market we have very significant opportunities across all the segments. From a manufacturing perspective we will be continuously moving towards higher horsepower || JULY 2021 ||

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Interview

(HHP) alternators to cover the entire range of requirements. Our products are under consideration for use in the Indian Railways and we are also looking to broaden opportunities in the field of alternators for agricultural applications and lighting towers. Our customers will also find superior value in the range of accessories that we will introduce shortly and provide our customers with a single window service for all products related to alternators. Mecc Alte also offer 2 pole and 4 pole alternators that provide best in class efficiencies and excel in other performance parameters. As a leading manufacturer of industrial alternators, we have consistently addressed our customer requirements through product modifications and innovations. Mecc Alte using the highly specialized products has made advances in the niche segments of Marine, Aviation and Indian Armed forces

Q. How IoT & other technological advancements are

changing the face of alternator industry? Digital platforms have led to the changes in how one perceives the Alternator product and Mecc Alte has started very early and thus been the pioneers and leaders in digital regulators over the last 15 years. Mecc Alte alternators fitted with our own digital regulators ( AVRs )are designed and proven to deliver power, guaranteed uptime and complete peace of mind for all power applications from 1- 5000kVA. Digital AVRs are fitted as standard, throughout our range. Mecc Alte AVR not only serves the purpose of controlling, monitoring and fine parameterization of the Alternator output but through the Mecc Alte App, available on Google and Apple stores, users can set alarms and source technical data from simply scanning a barcode. All these digital features and parameters have been further enhanced in our new innovative ‘NEXT GENERATION AVR - MAVR”, with many added advantages that bring in more flexibility and smarter controls: • Self-stability setting by adaptive and/or auto tuning algorithms

LOG) • Standard C.T. input • Dynamic response adjustable by trimmer (STAB) • Improved control robustness. • USB communication embedded & Up to 118 digital settings (parameters) • 4 Models: MAVR2 (Basic), MAVR3 (Enhanced) MAVRHD (Enhanced HD), MAVRHD+ (Advanced). • New communication board with WiFi enabled to set the AVR by means of mobile phone app or Windows software.

Q. Do you feel Covid-19 can prove to be a huge

opportunity for India to emerge as a global manufacturing hub? The mantras of ‘Made in India’ and ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ have started to have a big impact on how India responds to the available opportunity in the post COVID-19 era. The QUAD group is also emphasizing on having collaboration and improving coordination in all the areas of business. India has charted out a new path for a self-reliant country during the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Various initiatives by Government of India is giving a big push to the manufacturing sector and efforts in localization is being taken at up at the Apex levels to avoid dependence on other countries. Atmanirbhar Bharat is an attempt to merge domestic production and consumption with global supply chains, without being self-contained or being closed to the world.

Q. How do you evaluate the developed and developing

market when it comes to technology, product offerings, and marketing strategies? • Single and three phase sensing. There’s no standard metric for differentiating between developed markets and emerging markets, but there are a • CAN Bus J1939 communication protocol. • External E2PROM (calibrations, settings and alarm number of identifiable characteristics that are hallmarks of

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each. Developed market is a country that is most developed in terms of its economy and capital markets. This term is contrasted with developing market which are emerging markets and frontier markets in the process of rapid growth and development but they have lower household incomes and capital markets that are less mature than developed countries.

to withstand the future outbreaks that scientists tell us are inevitable, and increasing.

Developed nations have more advanced economies, infrastructure and higher standards of living. Emerging economies have developing manufacturing bases with more rudimentary infrastructure; they may be suppliers of components or natural resources to other more advanced manufacturing nations.

The lessons learnt can guide decisions to help reduce economic and social impacts, we can use innovative technologies and financing mechanisms in pandemic response. In-spite of Pandemic Mecc Alte is growing by 20% over last year and have strategic expansions plans in place for future growth which have started taking shape. This has only been possible due to efficacy shown in the areas of management of supply chain, man management in pandemic by vaccination drives (completed vaccination of 100% of our employees), localization of components like the digital regulator and other critical components to become self-sufficient and thus avoid the hassles and burden of imports during the testing times.

Gone are the days when good quality was often not even a hygiene requirement, let alone a differentiator in emerging markets but yes, technology still remains a sought after area in the developing market. This results in a preponderance of low-technology buyers in the developing market, and technology becomes a key differentiating factor for the small group of customers that demand it.

Our domestic as well as export customers have appreciated Mecc Alte’s timely supplies in-spite of the pandemic problems, we have also supported newer customers, who approached us temporarily for their urgent requirements, thus improving our image as an reliable supplier in the Alternator and Genset market. This will certainly pay dividends in the near future and we are waiting to reap its benefits with open hands and improve the market . What have your key learnings from this experience share by atleast 15% in the next year. been from this virus outbreak? Will this in any way lead to a change in positioning of Mecc Alte as the . What are your plans for the Indian market in brand in the future? coming years? People keep saying it, everything has changed. As power generation becomes much more about complete As the days spent in our homes blur together and become solutions than products, we recognized the growing need indistinguishable, outside in the world huge shifts in to offer single source supply and present versatile and robust power solutions for OEMs. consciousness are happening. Just as it was unimaginable that things could go back As such Mecc Alte can now offer: Genset Controller, Engine to normal, things have gone back to normal after the Controller and Battery Chargers. 9/11 attacks and the continents have survived two animal With flexible component packages and our new product influenzas and several waves of Ebola – lessons are introductions, we will continue to meet our customers’ emerging about the kinds of societies that will be required order requirements in the post Covid-Era as we all look to work together and mutually build success. EM

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Hence the marketing strategies and product offerings have to be differentiated with the intimate understanding of consumers and how to meet their demands. Innovative products rather than technological products and its pricing plays an important part while deciding product strategies in the emerging markets. Developing markets are large markets like the BRIC countries hence fast and widespread delivery of good has to be part of smart services strategy.

There have been diverse management strategies displayed in COVID-19 crisis response which can guide adjustments to our crisis response strategies. Transparency, decisive leadership, effective communication, solidarity, and accountability are vital.

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Anil Munjal CEO & Director

Riello Power India

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Reillo Power India is continuously striving to develop power solutions that address and anticipate the customer’s needs across various industries. The robust combination of strong engineering, designing & manufacturing skills and ably aided by marketing & servicing resources has resulted in an installation base of thousands and thousands of UPS systems in India & the Indian Subcontinent. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Q. How is RIELLO POWER business shaping up?

top 5 players in the world. Riello started business operations in late nineties in India We've been at the forefront of the industry in developing future-oriented solutions that boost energy efficiency while and it has been an encouraging journey so far. ensuring reliable, resilient and scalable power. Our core business is the power conditioning solutions and we manufacture Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS), . Is there any new addition in your products’ list? devices that ensure power quality and business continuity, Yes, we have recently launched new modular range of guaranteeing power supply for all the critical business UPS as well as enhanced our current range with new applications. models of transformerless ON LINE UPS for smaller and We manufacture our products in India and our range medium Data Centres and all mission-critical applications. of UPS includes single-phase and three-phase UPS with These new UPS products facilitate Data Centres to be a power from 6kVA to 6.4 MVA with all topologies for scalable, resilient and able to adapt to ever changing healthcare, pharma, Data Centres, Telecommunication, demands while delivering outstanding performance and IT and manufacturing industries, as well as aviation, up to 97% efficiency. engineering, financial services, education, hospitality, entertainment, defence, space, retail and many more . How are you exactly contributing to the ‘Atmanirbhar applications where power continuity is a must. Bharat’ mission? Riello UPS is a global brand and we entered the Indian . How has the last financial year been for RIELLO market with a primary goal & vision to establish ourselves POWER? What are the differences that you see in the as a strong industry player and giving a boost to the market in pre & post lockdown period? Indian economy. It is for this reason that we set-up our The impact of COVID 19 on the power conditioning sector state-of-the-art manufacturing facility in India and today, is relatively less pronounced as compared to other sectors. our company produces the widest range and ratings of Despite the lockdowns and limited economic activity, UPS systems in India. Many of the components used in several essential industries that rely on continued power manufacturing of our UPS systems are manufactured in requirements have been running at a reasonable level. India. As a result, our business was not much affected. . On the technical side, in what direction are we This pandemic condition has undoubtedly provided India with a chance to expand local manufacturing and industries. headed in the power conditioning industry? What are COVID has also emphasised the importance of the power the trends? conditioning business as more and more business operations Industry and all other business applications now place a rely on digital platforms now. We're preparing ourselves higher value on a clean, secure, scalable, reliable, energyat Riello to seize this opportunity and increase our market efficient, flexible, high-density as well as environmentally friendly power supply solutions. share. And Riello Power India is fully committed to deliver the . How is RIELLO POWER playing a major role in same to the Industry. EM ensuring safety of the environment and energy efficiency through its products? Can you share about RIELLO POWERs’ products to address the situation? Riello Power India is a UPS manufacturing company dedicated to continuously improving UPS technology through innovation and R&D initiatives in order to make our UPS solutions more and more energy-efficient and bring down the carbon footprints and reduce heat losses. We are totally committed to our business philosophy of "reliable power for a sustainable world." It is this reason that Riello UPS brand is consistently ranked among the

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Case Study

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VARIOUS CASE STUDIES ON OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEMES FOR GRID SUB-STATION Contd….

Er. P.K.Pattanaik, is presently working with OPTCL as General Manager, EHT (O&M) Circle Bhubaneswar - Odisha and associated with the Protection and Control schemes of Electrical systems. Having 29 years of technical experience on various HT and EHT voltage level in the field of transmission sector. Specialization on the development techno-economical design of protection control schemes for system development and planning. At present involved with various on-going projects on GIS, SAS and updated Remote SCADA control stations of OPTCL. Published 105 technical papers in National and International arena and is a regular contributor to the National journals like Electrical Mirror, Electrical India, CBIP journal and IEEMA journal and author of many technical books. Also Awarded in various arena on National level. He is also the coordinator of a Nationwide Power Engineers’ Technical Group named “SPARK- Ignited to share” consisting of Senior Electrical Engineers from different parts of the country. ele.pkpattanaik@optcl.co.in

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1. Introduction: For the last few months, the response of the readers to the case studies on various incidents is overwhelming. Hence this month we are again choosing the write up on similar kind of studies for developing the synchronization of practical observation to the theoretical concepts. The analysis of each incident being supported by actual observations had been described during the situation to add awareness amongst the operation, testing and commissioning engineers to know the cause of problems and be helpful for easy rectification of the problems. This can also help to develop economic schemes for the smooth running of the operation and control system in the Grid Sub-Station. 2.1. Frequent Air Trap in Bucholtz Relay: At one of the grid Sub-station in one 132/33KV 40 MVA, it was observed with air trap in the Bucholtz relay in the interval of 4 to 5 days. Observations: 1. This transformer had been taken Shutdown for conditioning of oil. 2. So necessary vacuum had been done and on breaking the vacuum, oil had been pushed. 3. The transformer was charged, stood OK and loaded properly. 4. But after a gap of one week, air trapped in the bucholtz relay. The air being released; the transformer was loaded successfully. But this occurrence of repeated air trap

continued with the interval of 4-5 Days. 5. So, all the checking of the system associated to the transformer was done. a. Functionality of BUCH HOLTZ relay, AIR CELL was checked and found in order. b. The Firefighting system containing of NITROGEN cylinder was also checked and found in order. c. Air at different pockets and release plugs were also released properly. d. DGA and TDCG was done and found in order. 6. The transformer was again charged, but problem again occurred. 7. This time the grid personnel were inquired about the total process of oil conditioning and machineries used for the system. 8. On inquiry it was found that during vacuum process, they have used NORMAL VACUUM PUMP not the ROOTS PUMP and oil filling rate was fast with 12KL. 9. So, the decision was taken to drain complete oil for re-process. This time ROOT PUMP was used for vacuum and on completion of the process oil was also pushed breaking the vacuum at the of 5 KL.

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7. As per thumb rule. Minimum allowable value should be approximately 33x1.5 = 50 Mohm for allowing energization of the line. 8. With such obtained value of quite low of magnitude 5.95 Mohm, the 33 KV system can not be charged and asked the team to patrol line and testing of suspected PIN insulators in the circuit. 9. The line was checked thoroughly regarding the close vegetation, insulator status and statutory electrical clearance on the OH line. 10. But on detail patrolling, nothing was found abnormal. But the line was crossing under the EHT 132KV lines with allowable clearances. 11. Once again, the IR value was measured and found with no any remarkable difference.

10. Oil was settled for 24 Hours. All the Oil release valves and air pockets along with BUCHOLTS relay was released properly. 11. The transformer was charged and loaded successfully. 12. Further trap of air in the BUCHOLTZ relay vanished.

Case Study

Technical Analysis:

1. As in this situation, the operators were not serious about the process of vacuum and type of vacuum pumps used, few air was trapped inside the CCA (Core Coil Assembly). On charging on filling the oil and due to load rise and fall during the working operation of the transformer, the air on coming out to the oil moves upward and trapped in the Bucholtz relay, causing the situation as described. 2. But during the second evacuation process, correct ROOT vacuum pumps were used and processes were done as required with proper filling of oil into the transformer. So the issues as developed was solved.

Recommendations:

Use of proper vacuum pumps especially ROOTS pump with mechanical vacuum booster should be important criteria for filtration process of Transformer. Learning from the case is during erection, proper vacuum, vacuum pump capacity, it's operation and rate of oil filling is important to avoid air trapping in transformer CCA. 2.2. LOW IR value of 33KV line: One 33KV Overhead HT line of approximately of 12KM was constructed and planned for the new energization first time.

Observations:

1. The line was strung through rail pole and joists with triangular configuration. The type of conductor was used of 33 KV HORSE. 2. The insulators were of few porcelain Disc PIN type and few other with PIN type polymer insulators. 3. On the day of initial charging, the line was availed with shutdown for energization and Insulation resistance measurement was done just before charging. 4. The Insulation tester was of 5 KV with facility of measuring the PI value. 5. Purposely the PI value was taken for 1 Minutes to 3 Minutes. 6. The results were observed as follows.

Terminals

Values in Mega Ohm

60 sec

180 sec

Rph-G

5.95

11.07

1.86

Yph-G

11.06

11.93

1.005

BPh-G

6.42

6.59

1.02

Common Observations: The 5 KV voltage application was maintained throughout the testing method. 126

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Terminals

Values in Mega Ohm 60 sec

180 sec

Rph-G

8.96

14.98

1.67

Yph-G

12.06

16.93

1.404

BPh-G

13.42

17.59

1.31

Common Observations: The 5 KV voltage application was maintained throughout the testing method.

Action Taken:

1. It was decided for energization of the line, considering the 5 KV DC voltage application being maintained by the kit continuously. 2. The insulation resistance such obtained is also in rising trend and maintaining PI value more than 1. 3. Both these indicate regarding the NO PROBLEM in the line with objectionable point. 4. The system was charged successfully and even loaded with allowed load of 10.5 Mwatt.

Technical Analysis:

1. 33 KV line as measured with insulation resistance was found with lesser value as that of the limit. The reasons being as follows. a. The Line was connected with DISC INSULTORS and Polymer insulators. All insulators being in parallel may have contribute lesser value. b. Dust deposition may also be the other reason of lesser value of IR value. c. The 132 KV induction effect also be the other point of providing lesser value as than that of the limit. 2. But with of this lesser value also the system can be taken with the decision of energization due to the points that the applied voltage of being maintained in persistent mode without resulting any decrement or any fluctuation. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

3. Moreover, the IR value was also not in decrement mode, hence 33KV feeder could be energized obtaining the symptom of continuous voltage application and rising IR trend.

c. The BUCHOLTZ relay status was also checked and found with no deposition of any gas.

Recommendations:

The 33KV lines if tested for energization with IR value, then maintaining of applied Voltage constancy with rising trend in IR value can be considered for energization of the line irrespective of IR limit. 2.3. TRIPPING OF TRANSFORMER WITH REF and Differential Relay: At one of the 132/33KV GSS, one of the 40 MVA transformer tripped in observance of heavy sound.

Observations:

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Fig 2.4.1 : Bird’s Nest on BEAM STRUCTURE, Fig 2.4.2 : Affected Y Ph CT with Sparking

d. The stability testing of the transformer was also done and found with all circuits in order. e. The associated equipment like ( LAs, Line CTs) were tested and found all in order. 8. But on Physical checking of the LT side jumper towards transformer side from LT Y phase CT to LT bushing, it was found with a clue of Sparking on the Jumper and base of the structure. ( Fig 2.4.2 ) 9. Now the cause of this Sparking on the jumper was inquired from the situational condition. 10. It was observed with a Bird Nest on the top cross beam just above to this Y phase CT. ( Refer Fig 2.4.1) 11. The nest was also found with stray aluminum wires and the aluminum wire was the culprit of such fault resulted with heavy sound, falling down, coming in the tripping zone due to reduction of distance for Close-In Earth fault.

Technical Analysis:

1. Falling of the aluminum wire from the BIRS NEST just above the Y phase CT installed on the gantry, caused the flashing fault due to reduction of clearance between LIVE 33 KV conductor and ground base structure.

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1. In this GSS, there were two 40 MVA transformers were in parallel, connected to common 33 KV Bus and meeting the required load of 25.5 MWatt at the time of fault occurrence. 2. As reported by Shift in charge that both the transformers tripped simultaneously with heavy sound at the Switch yard, causing total blackout of the grid Sub-Station. 3. Immediately, operators rushed to the Switch yard for detail investigation and found with no physical occurrence. 4. The tripping detail were recorded from the tripping relays and found with following data. a. Transformer 1 tripped with Differential relay and also LT side REF protection. 132kV side: Bias HS1 Trip (IA1: 112.1, IB1: 1.121kA, IC1: 43.33A) IA3: 110.3A , IB3: 4.874kA, IC3: 212.7A IA LV Mag: 110.3A, IBLV: 4.874kA, ICLV: 212.7A V1: 67.24kV, V2: 8.399kV, Vn Derived Mag.: 51.32kV, Ref relay operated b. Transformer 2 , 132kV side: Did not trip 33kV side: Master relay operated, and tripped on LV side High set. 5. Considering the fault could be inside zone of Transformer 1 and not in Transformer-2, this transformer no-2 was charged and load was availed on this transformer immediately. 6. The Transformers resulting with tripping on Differential and REF and heavy sound was kept under shutdown for detail checking along with all associated equipment in the system. 7. The testing gang reaching on the site, tested the transformer in detail. a. All LT supply tests were conducted and results found in order. b. The diagnostics tests like (Winding resistance, Tan delta, Turns Ratio and IR, PI measurement done) and results all found in order.

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2. So fault current tracked and resulted with internal zone fault for transformer-1. So current from 132 KV Bus rushed to the fault point with simultaneous flow of fault current through the other transformer (Transformer-2). The fault current flow path is shown in the figure 2.4.3. 3. Now due to flow of fault current the electrical protections like differential and REF relay being actuated tripped the transformer with fault current as observed in fault record. 4. The reason of tripping of Transformer-2 was due to provision of Highset in the relay. So as per the gradation limit, this transformer also tripped along with transformer-1. 5. But seeing the fault current on transformer-2 as external type, this transformer was charged and load was allowed to cater.

LEARNING ON THIS INCIDENT:

1. All Grid Engineers were requested to maintain NEST FREE system on any System Structure.

2. The RAINBOW RING (Plate with 7 colored Rainbow rings) used at different structure to keep birds away for nesting inside Sub-Station. ( As like Shown in Fig 2.4.4) 3. The Stay Aluminum wires are all collected and kept away from the Grid premises. 4. On doing this nothing any issues resulted thereafter. 2.4. Experience Study of Mal-operation of SSR3V Relay (Starter Switched Reactance Relay): (Extracted from the Experience Talk of Late Er. KVSP Rao – Ex Chief Engineer APTRANSCo)

Observations:

1. This incidences was resulting at one of the 62.5 MW Thermal Power Station ( Ramagundam –B) with following 132 KV Feeders during 1980s. ( Refer SLD 2.4.1) a. 2nos 132KV Warangal feeders connected to grid b. one no 133KV Pochampad feeder c. one no 132KV Karimnagar feeder. d. 2nos 132KV FCI feeders (parallel feeders)

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e. one 132KV feeder connected to 40MVA, 132KV /66KV Auto transformer which in turn connected at 66KV to Ramagundam 37.5 MW 'A' Power Station 2. Whenever there is tripping of either Karimnagar or Pochampad feeder on fault the FCI feeders used to trip at FCI end. 3. Because of these incidences, it was decided for the testing of SSR3V relays with MHO starter by the then available ZFB test kit of EE make 4. The test results were far away from calculated values. Sometimes Mho relay was not picking up. These relays are of draw-out. We have interchanged Mho starters. 5. To know the current injection and voltage application from the KIT, purposefully 5 Ampere Ammeter and voltmeter of 110Volt was connected along with the relay circuit. 6. Surprisingly, it was observed with current injection from the kit being measured by the ammeter was found with 0.5 Ampere for the same application of the variac knob. 7. So it was suspected upon the contacts of the relay. In practice MHO units are of draw out type. 8. The relays were drawn out and found with TWO BLOCKS of contacts (One bottom and one top contact block each having 10 contact strips with insulation between strips). These individual strips make contact with the strips in the case. 9. Now the contacts were adjusted by drawing out the relays, loosening the side fixing screws of top and bottom contact blocks and pushed both the blocks slightly away from relay unit and tightened the fixing screws. 10. Inserted the relays and tested and now current got injected properly and results obtained as per the calculation. 11. The problem of mal-operation was eradicated.

Technical Analysis:

1. Whenever fault was resulting on 132 KV Karim Nagar or Pochampad Feeder, this feeder was supposed to trip correctly and the relay should clear the fault correctly without affecting the fault reflection to other zone. 2. Practically the relays on these feeders were mal-operating due to the problem on the contacts as pointed out during testing of the relays. 3. So these relays were not actuating to the fault correctly. Now due to non-clear of the fault and due to directional feature, the relays at the other end shall be tripping to make the system free from fault zone. 4. After rectification of the issues, correct tripping resulted and system made ready. EM

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Rajkumar Khanapure Food and Beverages Segment leader

ABB India

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ABB is a leading global technology company that energizes the transformation of society and industry to achieve a more productive, sustainable future. By connecting software to its electrification, robotics, automation and motion portfolio, ABB pushes the boundaries of technology to drive performance to new levels. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Q. How has the electrical industry evolved in the F&B

ABB offers an extensive service support for safe replacing old ABB and non-ABB switchgears in the existing setup space in India? What is the wide range of opportunities of power panels to create safety environment around the for the sector across the value chain? equipments and the people who operate electrical system. The Food & Beverage industry is under constant pressure to adapt and evolve to meet the changing demand from . Explain in detail how ABB has facilitated continuous the retailers and consumers. Manufacturers must work at operation of the electrical systems and machines in the increasing production, variety, quality, and efficiency to F&B industry. How to take care of electrical system meet the ever-evolving F&B space in the country especially since there are multiple components like harmful in the current situation. microorganisms like bacteria, oil spill, liquids, volatile Towards this, electrification is fundamental in keeping up operational environment, etc involved. with the Food & Beverage industry’s evolving practices. With the F&B industry constantly trying to meet consumer The future of the F&B sector looks promising with the and retail demand, there is continuous running of the growing demand due to a change in the consumer's machines and electrical system. lifestyle and consumption patterns. The sector's growth is Most of the Food & Beverage manufacturing plants which dependent on the ability to organize, invest, and innovate run 24 hours a day are sensitive to poor power quality to deliver high value products to the consumer. events. Modern plants running with high intensity of process The changing preferences of the consumers from the automation, digital solutions need high quality of electrical urban areas as well as Tier I and II cities have given power supply to produce high quality products consistently prominence to the F&B space in India and, in turn, the with better efficiency, however poor power quality has electrical industry to keep up with the increasing demand. been shown to lead to reduced efficiencies, increased This gives an opportunity to the sector across the value risk of downtime and higher energy and operating costs. chain right from sourcing to processing to delivering Depending on the event and situation, costs relating the last mile. to product loss, production downtime, or supply chain

India is offering for the F&B industry in the current times of the pandemic? Safety is of top priority in F&B industry - safety solutions to protect people and assets all along the production chain is an important part of the F&B industry design to keep maximum uptime to produce more with maximum efficiency. ABB as an organization has Safety aspect on top priority so products, we design has to perform with utmost safety in the real production process. ABB provides safety products & solutions across low voltage electrical system, medium voltage distribution systems, building management system to make perfect production processes, safeguarding products, and people integrity as a must. ABB safety solutions like – Arc fault detection and mitigation solutions, real time temperature monitoring inside the power panels helps customer to operate plants with maximum availability with clear visibility on the health parameters of the panel components across the plant floor to take right decision at right time with predictive approach. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

disruption can be significant. When it comes to continuous operations, the easiest and most effective solution to avoid unplanned shutdowns is the correction of voltage anomalies coming from the grid. What constitutes a power quality problem? There are several phenomena that fall into this category (e.g., load imbalance, voltage transients, harmonics, and reactive power problems) and they can be interrelated. ABB’s power protection portfolio is a unique line up of Power Conditioning solutions with UPS products designed to solve power quality issues for food and beverage applications. Presence of harmful microorganism, dust, water, condensation and accidental spills of machine oils and lubricants can all shorten the life of electrical system. There needs to be effective protection of the electrical system. Corrosion is a major cause of downtime in electrical systems. Harsh chemicals, pressurized washdowns and dissimilar metals in contact with one another accelerate the corrosion process. ABB installation solutions like anticorrosion, antimicrobial flexible conduit systems, fittings, bacterial || JULY 2021 ||

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Q. What are the various safety solutions that ABB

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resistance cable ties etc. save time and replacement costs. ABB Plant Installation Product Assessment is a service that helps food and beverage processors find and address existing and potential electrical issues. After assessing the facility’s installation system concerns, ABB provides a customized proposal of solutions that can help the plant. • Increase food, plant, and personnel safety • Cut electrical system changeover/downtime by 40-50% • Increase overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) • Extend electrical system service life by up to 300% • Improve sustainability and revenue

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. What kind of electrical digital solutions are being provided by ABB for F&B industry and in what way digital solutions brings value to F&B customers? F&B industry is undergoing critical transformations due to the impact of digitalization on production machines which, since ever, have high levels of automation. At the same time, it is a great advantage to combine the benefits coming from monitoring, controlling and measuring a production line comfortably from remote which helps for continuous improvements of productivity, energy efficiency, safety requirements for both food and employees and the quality of electrical power. ABB’s Smart Power portfolio for food and beverage consists of a comprehensive range of digital solutions, systems and products allowing maximum production, ensuring the greatest utilization of the facility and enhanced product quality to the customer ABB Ability Digital solutions helps to digitize low voltage, medium voltage systems and components supporting digital production processes, improving safety, assets life and saving costs. With the ability to monitor, control, analyse, optimize, predict, and automate the electrical plant from remote, with just few clicks will ensure production continuity and energy management, digital analysis of assets performance for a continuous optimization of the plant. Thus, these ABB Ability Digital solutions enables predictive capabilities that reduces downtime needed for maintenance and enables users to reduce operational costs.

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Q. What have been some of the latest innovations

in this industry that ABB has launched in India, and how are these supporting the sustainable future vision of ABB? ABB India has been committed towards sustainability and eco-efficiency right since the beginning in the F&B industry. As one of the world’s leading engineering companies, we help our customers to use electrical power efficiently, to increase industrial productivity and to lower environmental impact in a sustainable way. The increasing demand from consumers for new innovative products, customer preference is driving shorter product development cycles, faster changeovers, integration across the value chain, and adoption of new technologies faster than ever before. At the same time, stricter regulations are driving new labeling requirements and more robust food safety practices. The scope of “sustainability” is broadening, and F&B players are moving to demonstrate more than simple compliance. Some of the components for sustainable food and beverage operations include flexibility and reliability. A transformative shift has begun, and an estimated 86% of leading F&B companies have set specific targets and ambitious goals to adapt and meet demand. Beyond emissions, efficient consumption of energy is an immediate priority. ABB support towards lowering the operating and maintenance costs in the plant by making switchgears and electrical systems digital to bring real time visibility of entire plant performance, to customers to take right decision at right time. Maximizing the availability and reliability of electrical assets while minimizing risks, increasing personnel safety, reducing operational costs, and improving energy efficiency are the key drivers of the various solutions at ABB. As companies change their business models to match their strong sustainability goals, rethinking their service strategies could help get them there. ABB’s latest innovations are aligned with the vision of a sustainable future and help in upgrading a company’s system and machinery to meet global sustainable standards. EM

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Sub-Station Automation 134

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Breaker Failure Protection (50BF) in conjunction with “GOOSE communication system” in IEC 61850 Protocol 1.0 Synopsis: With the growing complexities in any EHV Grid-system network containing 765kV, 400kV, 220 kV systems with associated Transformers/ ICTs and Bus configurations, failure of Circuit Breaker and non-operation of its associated conventional Breaker failure protection wired up with hard copper wires may lead to system disturbance and affect the life expectancy of out-door equipments/may lead to equipment failure as well. Keeping this in view, the IEC TC 57 committee has felt its importance and has incorporated GOOSE Communication in the IEC 61850. Modern IEDs available in the market are IEC 61850 compliant. The signal transmission time in GOOSE communication is < 4ms (extremely fast).This feature has been utilised in Breaker Fail protection (50BF) schemes in the EHV switch-yards. This shall not only safeguard the Power system from disturbances but also prevent failure of outdoor equipment /hamper life expectancy thereof. The authors narrate salient points of IEC 61850 Protocol in the Automation of EHV Sub-stations and the core topic on GOOSE communication feature of IEC61850 Protocol in Circuit Breaker

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Failure Protection scheme 2.0 Key words: SAS (Substation Automation System), IEC 61850, GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Sub station Event) messages, Interoperability, ISO/OSI (International standards Organisation/Open System Interconnection) 3.0 IEC 61850 Structure; Prior to utilising IEC: 61850 protocol, other protocols like Modbus, DNP3 and IEC 60870-5-101 protocol were used. The IEC Committee TC 57 had developed IEC 61850 and had published it as” COMMUNICATION NET WORKS AND SYSTEMS FOR POWER UTILITY AUTOMATION.” Sub-station automation is based on this IEC 61850 Protocol. The important feature of this protocol is Time-Synchronisation and Inter–opera ability. Before proceeding to the core subject of GOOSE Communication feature in IEC 61850 protocol for substation automation system, it is pertinent to appraise the readers with the different parts of the IEC 61850 standard which have been specifically designed for communication needs for Power Utility Automation.

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3.1Structure of the IEC 61850 Standard.

Sub-Station Automation

Part

136

Title

Introduction and overview

Glossary

General requirement

System and project management

Communication requirements for functions Device Models.

Configuration description Language for Communication in electrical Sub Station related to IEDs

Basic communication structure for Substation and Feeder equipment 7.1

Principle and models.

7.2

Abstract communication interface(ACSI)

7.3

Common Data Classes(CDC)

7.4

Compatible Logic node classes and data classes.

Specific communication service 8.1

Mapping to MMS(ISO/IEC9506-part-1 & Part -2 and ISO/IEC 8802-3 Specific Communication Service Mapping(SCSM)

9.1

Sampled Values over Special Unidirectional Multi-drop Point to point Link

9. 2

Sampled Value over ISO/IEC 8802-3 Conformance testing

Table 1: Parts of IEC 61850

Though Part 3, 4 and 5 define the general and specific functional requirement for communication in Substation automation, other parts are equally important, which are the building-blocks of the Substation automation system. Part 7.2: defines Abstract services, Part 7.4: abstraction of Data object referred to as logic nodes. Part 8.1: mapping of abstract data object and services onto Manufacturing messaging specification (MMS). Part 9.1: Mapping of sample measured values (Unidirectional Point-to-Point and bidirectional Multi point accordingly) on to an Ethernet data frame. Part 9.2: Defines in other words “Process bus” Part 6: Defines XML (Extensible Mark up language) based substation configuration language (SCL).It allows formal description of relationship between the substation automation system and the substation (Switch yard) At the application level, the switch yard topology and relation of switch yard Structure to the SAS functions (Logical nodes) configured on the IEDs can be described. Each device is provided with a SCl file which shall describe configuration of it. IEC 61850 has not only taken over the drive of communication technology suitable for of power Utilities, but it has also adopted the best possible protocols and configurations for high functionality and reliable data transmission.

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In a nut-shell, the salient features and advantages of IEC 61850 are enumerated here under: • Inter-operability by various manufacturer’s IEDs as an integrated system. • High data transfer amoung IEDs considdering peer to peer communication model instead of master – slave communication model in previewed protocol. • Data definition based on advanced object oriented model which contains whole data specification instead of single–oriented model with each data definition by numeric address. • Supporting functiomality of devices to provide better Communication. • Communication extendibility and data integrity. • Support of sampled value exchange. • File transfer for disturbance recording Communication services to connect primary equipment such as Instrument transducers to relays • Increasing reliability by proer bus toology. • Offers a complete set of specifications covering all communication issues inside a Sub-Station.

4.0 Substation Automation methodology - brief description;

Substation automation consists of 3-level stages and their functions which are as follows; 1) Process level functions: It is the lowest level where the Substation outdoor equipment Circuit breakers, CTs etc are installed. The relevant information are received by the sensors and actuators and to send them to the bay level devices, The other major task of the process level function is to receive the control command from the bay level device and execute it at appropriate switch level. 2) Bay level functions: Acquires the data from the bay and mainly acts on primary (Power circuit) equipment of the bay. It is the middle level where IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices) which are multifunction electronic devices they contain protection and metering etc. They are physically connected through hard wires. The basic process of transferring data is through binary and anologue input or output informations such as voltage and current transformer outputs and trip controls from the protective relays.The MU ( Merging unit) is the device to collect the instantaneous values of current and voltages from CT & PT, sample the same and send them to protection and control unit 3) Station Level Fuctions : They are of two types; i. Process related functionas act on the data from multiple ||www.electricalmirror.net||

bays or sub station level data base.these functions are used to convey the control commands for for primary equipment Circuit breaker and collect the sub station data like voltage , current, pf, etc from the bay level devices (please refer figure 1).Each by includes ond primary equipment Like transformer and feeders. ii. Interface related functions enable interactive interface of sub staion automation syatem to the local operator HMI (Human Machine Interface),to a remote control center TCI( Tele Control Interface) or to a Remote monitoring Center for monitoring ,TMI(Tele Monitoring Interface).

provides appropriate path to messages. GOOSE Message is also performed in the bay level to communicate with Peer to peer IEDs of different bays,particularly in case of Bus bar protection and Breaker fail protection. (3) Process level: The Merging Unit acts like a switch and provides appropriate path to messages.Eventually,the function will be performed by the process level devices.

5.0 Communication system Structure: Fig. 1: Schematic of sub-station automation system with IEC 61850 Protocol

4.0 Conceptual Sub Station Automation topology:

Figure No.2 depicts the Sub station automation topology of two bays. The process bus is established through standard local area net work(LAN)..This Switch filters and fowards data packet between LAN segments. The sequence of activities/operations from Staion Bus level to Process level is as follows; (1) Station Level: The station Bus is created by installing a multiport Ethernet Switch.This switch is a device in computer network that filters and forwards data packets between LAN segments. Generally Router,Human Machine Interface(HMI) and Engineering Concols are connected with Ethernal switch at station level. Router fecilitates data communication between substation and Master Control Center(MCC). (2) Bay Control Level: If Station level node has to communicate with Process level node,it will send message to Bay lenel node through Ethernet switch. Ethernet switch will send the message to appropriate node at bay level.This bay level node executes its function and forwards the message to process level node through merging Unit. merging Unit acts like a switch and ||www.electricalmirror.net||

IEC 61850 basically has state of art communication structure. Following figure (Fig. 3) depicts graphical representation of the Communication structure.

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Fig 2: Conceptual Sub Station Automation topology

Fig 3: basic communication structure. Methodology of data exchange as per IEC 61850

Protection data exchange between Bay and Station level

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Nomenclature of Nos. depicting data Exchange 1.

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Protection data exchange between Bay level and remote protection

Data exchange within bay level

CT& PT instantaneous data exchange between process & bay levels

Control-data exchange between process and process & bay level

Control data exchange between bay and station level

Data exchange between substation and remote engineer’s workplace

Direct data exchange between the bays especially for fast functions like interlocking

Data exchange with in station level

Control data exchange between substation devices( devices and a remote control centre

Table:2

6.0 Inter-operability:

Sub Station Automation Systems based on DNP3 & IEC 60870-5-101 protocols had some limitations of peer to peer communication calling for protocol converters for peer to peer Communication between IEDs of different manufacturers. This feature in IEC 61850 Protocol has enabled the Sub Station Automation operators to overcome the the excercise of using costly protocol converters for IEDs manufacturered by different vendors, for establishing Interoperability between them. They can be integrated in one Sub station infra-structure, this is done by defining the station bus.

This kind of Communication is very important specially at the time of critical function that must be highly reliable.They are definend in IEC 61850 as follows; • GOOSE(Generic Object Oriented Sub station Event). • GSSE(Generic Sub station Status Event).

8.0 Time Synchronization;

Time Synchronization is a very essential feature of Automation in a substation. Events of operations have to be published in chronological order of time. All the IEDs have to be Time synchronised .Range of accuracy as defined in IEC 61850 in milliseconds in LAN that should be NTP(Net work time protocol) and SNTP(Simple Net work Time Protocol) based. Radio signals and GPS (Global Position System) can be used also to implement Time synchronisation. SNTP is able to Provide accuracy only about 1-millisecond which is not enough for raw data sample values and for merging units .As stipulated in IEEE 1588 Std. the requirement for such functions is less than 1millisecond .The solution is to use PTP (Precision Time Control) which has been developed off late having accuracy level of less than 1- micro-second.

9.0 GOOSE & GSSE Communication:

Fig 4:Interoperability feature in IEC 61850 Protocol.

7.0 Horizontal Communication:

This is defined as peer-to- peer comunication betweeIECDs of different manufacturers or IEDs of same manufacturer. 138

Fig. 5:Peer to Peer Communication

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Features of GOOSE & GSSE Messages; • GOOSE(Generic Object Oriented Sub station Event) messages:- These include many data type analogue, binary and integer values. • GSSE(Generic Sub station Status Event) messages:- limited to support only fixed structure of binary event status data. GOOSE and GSSE are high-speed-time-critical messaging system with high priority transmission capability to the final desitination in < 4ms. These protocols can be considered as multicast publisher/ subscriber model such that ,those published GOOSE messages can be received by various IEDs which have been configuted to subscribe them. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

10.0 Prioritization of GOOSE messages:

Ethernet Traffic may slow down the GOOSE message, however using managed Ethernet switch GOOSE Message prioritization and segregation can be done at Ethernet network. 10.1 Etherne Switch Priority tagging

• Fast signal transfer between Sub staion IEDs. • Reduced Copper wiring for protection and control schemes. • GOOSE messages are supervised signals transfer which ensures high system availability. • Flexibility and expandability for Protection and Control schemes

12.0 Implementation of IEC 61850 protocol;

Fig.6:Priority tagging in GOOSE messages.

12.1 Constraints of of earlier SAS Protocol used Prior to IEC 61850 protocol; (a) Prior to IEC 61850 protocol, Sub Station Automation System was based on DNP3 & IEC 60870-5-101 protocol which had some limitations of peer to peer communication calling for protocol converters for peer to peer Communication between IEDs and hard wired connections betwwen each IEDs as depicted in a specimen SLD of a Sub-Station here under;

11.0 ISO/OSI (International Organisation of Standardafrdization/Open System Interconnection) Stack layers

The ISO-OSI model is 7- layer architecture. It defines 7- layers or levels in a complete communication system. It is worth mentioning that GOOSE Messages are sent in level 2 of ISO/OSI, TCP/IP stack, as a result GOOSE Messages can not be transmitted through Routers and Fire walls,hence out siders shall have difficulty in accessing or sending any threat to sub station automation Ethernet LAN.Therefore GOOSE and Ethernet LAN are secured for Sub Station Automation Fig.:8 IED to IED connection through hard wiring(Copper).

(b) With the implementation of IEC 61850 and GOOSE as a feature thereof ,all such cumbersome panel to panel and IED to IED hard wiring would be eliminated and so also the protocol converters.

Fig.7:ISO/OSI Stack layers

The Main benifits for GOOSE in the Sub station automation are as follows; ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Fig.9:Connection between IEDs with implementation of IEC 61850 protocol(without hard wires) || JULY 2021 ||

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13.0 Breaker Failure Protection- Concept:

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In order to safeguard the power system against Cascade trippings/ System disturbance consequent to Local circuit breaker failure to open and clear the fault,Breaker failure protection is implemented .This protection is also known as LBB protection(Local breaker Backup protection). 13.1 Reasons for Breaker not opening on faults; • Non availability of adequate Aux DC supply to trip coil. • Loose connections to trip-coil. • Trip coil assembly mechanically damaged. • Defective breaker auxiliary switch. • Trip latch of breaker not Properly aligned. • Leakage of gas. 13.2 Breaker failure Protection logic;

viii. The trip relay 86 shall get enegized and shall give tripping command to all the adjucent breakers. ix. The backup relay time of remote bus is co-ordinated such that it is more than total time from innitiation of fault to clearing of fault through Breaker fail protection.

14.0 Breaker Failure Protection(50BF) in conjunction with GOOSE communication:

Figure 10: Breaker failure logic Fig. 12: BFP through GOOSE communication in a S/s having single infeed and radial feders.

Figure 11: Fault clearing time chart

13.3 Sequence of Operations: Non-opening of local breaker on account of the reasons ennumerated in cl13.1, the sequence of operation is as follows (Ref. figure 10); i. 50 BF is an Over-current sensor(O/C Relay) will pick-up simultaneously along with the operation of protective relay. ii. BFI (Breaker fail innitiator circuit),It will get energizedas soon as the the trip signal is transmitted to the Breaker. iii. 50BF and BFI together shall innitiate the Breaker failure Timer (62-1) and shall startcounting the time. iv. The time setting is given a margin of time above the Breaker interruption time+ 50BFdrop our time. v. 50BF will drop out in case there is no breaker failure as soon as the Breaker Opens. vi. With the dropping-off of 50BF the 62-1timer shall reset. vii. If the Braker fails to open,after the set-time of Breaker failure timer (62-1)which is >( breaker tripping time + 50BF drop out time + Margin time).

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Breaker failure protection is also known as 50BF as per ANSI / IEEE protection code and is an essential Protection to minimize the Power system disturbance and failure of/ strain on other equiment during a fault condition in which circuit breaker fails to open after receiving a protection trip command from IED. If the Circuit breaker fails to trip within a predefined pderiod of time, IED sends a trip command to the up-stream breaker to clear the fault.Here fault clearance time is the essence of protction scheme.Prior to introduction of IEC 61850 containing GOOSE system for communication of command from one IED to another, Copper wiring was the only choice earlier. In the hard-wired system the signal has to pass through out-put contact of sending IED and then through input contact of receiving IEDs.Using GOOSE message it is possible to reduce fault clearnce time in the breaker failure protection scheme and over all relay co-ordination time.

Fig. 13:Time chart indicating Breaker failure Protection in conjunction with GOOSE Communication. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Circuit breaker failure Protection is achieved by monitoring the time delay between the trip signal and actual opening of the Breaker.If the Circuit breaker fails to trip in predefined time, ie fault current has not been interupted within a set time, the breaker failure protection 50BF is innitiated.This is realised by sending a trip signal to in coming Breaker.It is depicted in the sample case as shown above.(fig. :12 ) &(fig 13) Note: a) The LBB or 50BFprotection timer is given a time of 200ms. b) GOOSE Communication time is< 4ms.

15.1.2 Case (2): When some of the feeders are fed from bus No1and remainig feeders(in the instant case only -1 feeder) are being fed from Bus No 2 via bus-coupler.(Figure: 15) In such cases all the feeder breakers connected on Bus No -1 shall receive Trip command through GOOSE message communication sysyem and also the Bus coupler circuit breaker. In minimum possible time of < 4ms to 4ms. Thus the feeders connected on to the bus No 2- shall not be disconnected and shall keep on functioning as usual.

15.0 Breaker Failure Protection In EHV S/Ss;

Fig.14: BFP of an EHV S/S all the feeders are fed from MB1 ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Fig. 15: BFP of an EHV Sub station having some feeders on MB1 and one feeder on MB2

By using GOOSE communication the basic advantage is, it reduces time of operation as low as 4 ms and also gets-rid-of cumbersome hard-copper wirings.

16.0 Conclusion:

(1) Substation automation using IEC 61850 protocol containig GOOSE messeging feature is very advantageous for Breaker Failure Protection,Early clearance of fault would not only save the sysyem from disturbance but also shall prevent the out door equipment like Transformers CTs ,PTs etc from failure and/or shall not hamper the life expectancy thereof. (2) In India too ,all the STUs, CTUs and other private Transmission units may adopt Sub station Automation system in their EHV S/Ss above 220 kV in particular.

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In case of Grid system where feeding sources are on either side of the Sub-stations with 2 bus(2 main bus + 1 Aux bus) sysyem or 1&1/2 breaker schemes, the Circuit breakers of all the feeders connected onto that particular bus wherein the the ill-fated feeder ‘s Circuit breaker Failure protection operated, are sent trip signal through GOOSE communication to individual IEDs of all the feeder to trip.After all the circuit breakers trip, the fault is isolated. 15.1.1 Case (1): The figure No.14 depicts a 2- Main bus and 1- Auxilliary Bus system in an EHV Sub station in a Grid system having feeding source of power on either side of this Sub station. Case (1) Please refer to the fig. no 14 in which the system a has been shown as all the feeders are on main bus 1.In the normal case, the load of feeder A is supplied from this particular Sub station. Operation of the Breaker Failure Protection on feeder no.D has innitiated due to non-operation of the circuit breaker of feder D despite having fault on this feeder.The IED of feeder D gives trip command through GOOSE communication to the IEDs of the breakers of feeder A, feeder B and feeder C which are connected to the same Bus as feeder D, to trip their breakers immediately in the stipulated time period of <4ms to 4 ms.

17.0 References:

i. ABB- Substation automation solution with IEC 61850. ii. Overview of IEC61850 and benefits paper by R.E.Mackiewicz, member IEEE. iii. Industrial communications Hand Book-Chapter 7, IEC 61850. iv. Saeed Roostee; Substation automation using IEC61850. v. R.C.Gupta Member IEEE: Substation Automation using IEC 61850 Standard. vi. IEEE PSRCC K 23 WG headed by Roger Whittaker as Chairman -- Summary of revision, IEEE C 37.1192016,Guide For Breaker Failure Protection of Power Circuit Breakers. || JULY 2021 ||

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K.K.Murty He is B.E.( Hons) Elec. Engg , FIE(India) & CE(India),Member-CIGRE’ India. • Former Chief Engineer & HOD (Testing & Commun.), M.P. Power Transmission Co. Ltd. Jabalpur. (Served in MPSEB & MPPTCL, Jabalpur for 33 years at different levels from the Assistant Engineer to the Chief Engineer) • Empanelled as an Expert Professional on the panel of CPRI, Bangalore and carried out TPI of Power equipments on behalf of CPRI, Bangalore/Bhopal.( from 2008 to 2012) • Worked as Advisor (Testing) in SOUTHCO, Berhampur. Odisha (A DISCOM in Odisha of Anil Dhirubhai Ambani group). (from 2004 to 2006). • Worked as Metering Consultant to M. P. Electricity Regulatory Commission, Bhopal, for 1year. In 2005). • Worked as the Course Director for the Graduate Electrical Engineering Trainees, in the Training Institute of MPPTCL, Jabalpur. (For 2-batches, 2006 & 2007 batches.) • Presently rendering services as Sr. Visiting /Guest Faculty, for the In- house Training Institutions of the MPPTCL, Jabalpur and the M.P. East Zone, DISCOM, Jabalpur. • Recipient of plaque in recognition of eminence and contribution to the profession of Electrical Engineering at the National level by Institute of Engineers India, Kolkata in Oct 2015.

SHRI RAJESH SHRIVASTAVA is currently heading T&C Department in M.P.Power Transmission Co. Ltd., Jabalpur and is designated as Chief Engineer. • Educational Qualification: BE(Electronics & Telecommunications)in 1982 from JEC(Jabalpur Engineering College Jabalpur). • Experience: He holds enriching 38+ years of collective experience in various field viz. Protection, substations, Procurement, Projects, contracts, ERP, SCADA of Transmission utility. • Recognitions/awards :He has been awarded five times, for meritorious work, By Chairman MPEB/MD MPTRANSCO. • The projects, SCADA, executed by him have been awarded with SKOCH Order-Of-Merit Award-2019 - Installation of State of the Art Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA)- Category Automation. • Similarly ADMS project was awarded with SKOCH Order-Of-Merit Award-2018 for Automatic Demand Management System (ADMS).

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Shripat Tech-Innovation Corporation, India is an ISO 9001-2015 certified Innovative Company engaged in Conceptualize, Design, Develop, Manufacture & Supply of various type of Specialized Electrical Connection Systems, Clamping products and customized solutions for Utilities, OEMs, Solar etc….

Shrinivas B. Shripat Founder

Shripat Tech-Innovation Corporation “Electrical Connection Experts”

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Q. Please enlighten us about the journey of Shripat Tech

Innovation Corporation.

Q. Could you brief us about the performance of STIC and

about the overall performance of the industry?

At initial stages, STIC was engaged in identifying issues of customers and then proposing the potential solutions. This approach has helped us to enter other energy segments like SOLAR, WIND, OEMs etc. The customers are looking for new products at economical price, which is a big challenge for us. Hence, we have taken cost reduction initiatives by optimizing the design and investing in improved manufacturing process. We are working towards execution of orders as early as possible (ex-stock for some products), so that new orders can be served with best lead times. Major utilities have approved STIC make for our strongest positive approach - “Concept-to-Service under one-roof”. We have provided many applicable and proven solutions to various issues of customer e.g. Special Terminal for Switch Fuse Unit at ADANI Electricity, Mumbai.

. What are some of the new and promising technology trends that are shaping the Indian electrical equipment . How has the second wave of Covid-19 affected the industry? Trend is to produce Energy Efficient products to reduce environmental electrical power industry?

The major setback is “Unexpected Rise in Raw Material Prices” which our industry is facing during & after second wave of COVID and on the other hand, price reduction pressures from customers. The situations are very challenging and it’s difficult to handle this opposite trend. The low acceptability of new products in the Power Sector is also a concern, as major industries including utilities are trying to keep expenses at minimum due to reduction in their revenues.

footprints and to initiate energy savings. Power sector is witnessing many technological changes such as IoT - Wireless Based Smart Technologies which are giving Real-Time Live Parameters, Bigdata Analysis Process, Predictive Data and many more updates. All these New Technologies will need smart equipment as well as smart components also which is a new trendsetter for electrical equipment industry.

Q. How are government policies influencing the power

. What are the different products in your product list? & energy sector? Recent government policies are supporting infrastructure growth. As Have you launched any new product recently? We have various products which cater our theme of “Connect, Clamp, Protect & Monitor”.

Till now, we have following major products categories,

1. TUSKER : A New Generation of Transformers Terminals – Patent Filed 2. KANGARU : Insulated Jumper Assembly – for MV & HV Lines 3. EASYCON : Shear Bolted Connectors – Complete Range 10-1000mm2 4. MVCC & LVABC Accessories 5. INSULATION Products 6. Solar IDT Transformer Terminals for Multi-Cable Connections NEW PRODUCTS: Recently we have launched “POWERKON – Substation Connectors upto 400KV” and got 1st breakthrough at PSTCL for 220KV Circuit Breaker and Disconnector terminals and received one more order from major OEM for 66KV Power Transformer Connectors. We are expecting more orders for 400KV Equipment Terminals from major Generation Plant. POWERKON also include SMARTY, which is A WIRELESS COMMUNICABLE CONNECTOR with integrated temperature sensor. This product is under

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part of this, new policies allows 100% FDI in power sector which has boosted the FDI INFLOW. The schemes such as DDUVGJY, IPDS, SAUBHAGYA are expected to augment the electrification across the country, which in-turn will provide a much required boost to electrical equipment/component industry.

w w w. s h r i p a t - I n d i a . c o m

STIC Journey Started on 12th June – 2018 to cater CONNECT, CLAMP, PROTECT & MONITOR requirements of power sector, with optimistic belief that things are positive & will continue to be encouraging to us. We have experienced many unexpected positives & negatives in the past 3 years. However, we strongly kept ourselves into continuous improvement mode wherever possible. In Product front, we follow FIT, FORM, FUNCTION rules with customer delight factors like COMPACT FOOTPRINTS, LIGHT WEIGHT, ROBUST DESIGNS, EASY O&M etc. We guarantee that our products will perform best at worst conditions with actual site installations, which has gained faith & confidence from user group. Our friends became our customers and some of our customers also became our friends which made our journey more interesting. We got new product approvals & orders from major customers like ADANI, TOSHIBA T&D, MPMKVVCL, BESCOM, PSTCL, ACME, BMRCL, OPG POWER, WINDWORLD and many more customers are major part of our journey till now. We are continuously looking for breakthrough opportunities in coming months.

final qualification stage.

Q. How STIC is transforming itself to cater to the emerging

needs of the Indian market?

STIC is already into energy efficient connectors which is the need of hour. Also, we have developed I-IoT Based Solution SMARTY which is a smart communicable connector with in-built temperature sensor. We have further plans to develop more smart components for smart equipment which will be a part of smart grid trend.

. What will be the outlook of Indian Electrical industry in coming quarters?

Considering announcement in recent budget and expected increase in power demand, our industry is looking forward to strengthen the electrical infrastructure and increased renewable’s share in the power generation matrix. In coming months, new power projects are expected to kick-start with bidding process. EM || JULY 2021 ||

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Sanjay Madhwal Vice President – Sales & Marketing

WAGO India

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Q. How the second wave of Covid-19 is affected the

market and the company?

The first wave of the pandemic completely stalled the progress of Infrastructure projects in both the public and the private sector. For over 2 months the manufacturing sector was largely shut. This did affect us as orders begin to dry up. The start of 2021 saw the market recover. Then the second wave struck, creating doubts once again. But this time industry was better prepared. Learnings from recent past helped us to continue business critical functions without compromising safety. In fact, at WAGO India, we expect to post our best sales ever this year!

. Tell us about your key focus and product line. Is there any new addition in your product list?

. What are the special initiatives taken by the organization for the wellbeing of the employees?

WAGO continues to be vigilant in ensuring the best work environment for all its employees. We have been conducting general health check-ups at regular intervals for all our workforce. During the pandemic, we made extensive arrangements for prevention of virus spread and have been very successful at this. We understand that as an organization, we have responsibility towards society at large and not just our own employees. Recently, we donated high-end medical equipment to a Government hospital in Vadodara, Gujarat for treatment of Mucormycosis (black fungus) that has helped saving precious lives.

Q. How Wago is transforming itself to cater to the emerging needs of the Indian market?

Indian companies have recognized the benefits of new technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Data Analytics, and Internet of Things (IoT). These aid decision-making, reduce downtime via predictive maintenance and provide quantum improvements in quality. Most of all, they provide real time insights on the process, allowing both plant level personnel and management to take informed decisions. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Q. Do we need to emphasize on Research and Development to obtain global quality standards?

Investment in Research and Development is imperative for any progressive organization. The gap between India and global quality standards is thinning sharply. However, there is still some ground to cover. Our Government is also driving multiple initiatives to enable MSMEs to adopt cutting-edge technology. This will enable them to compete with global players when it comes to quality. WAGO has adopted a single quality standard across all its manufacturing facilities. This enables each WAGO product unit to maintain conformity to global standards. This is the reason our customers trust our products for unconditional performance and reliability. They are assured of safe, efficient operation of their systems every time.

Q. How do you evaluate the developed and developing

market when it comes to technology, product offerings, and marketing strategies?

The developed and developing markets are always on the lookout for new technology to improve their products and processes. In fact, our customers are continuously pushing us to provide cutting edge solutions to their operational challenges. WAGO, as technology solution providers, relish this opportunity to co-create a better product.

w w w. w a g o . c o m / i n

WAGO is the inventor and market leader in screwless wiring connection technology. Since 1951, this product line has been the torchbearer for us. Meanwhile, we have continued to expand our product offerings to support market requirements. We have developed Interface Electronics and Automation Control technology solutions that are well accepted in the industry today. These new products from the WAGO stable are equipped with intelligent capabilities and comply to the highest quality standards. For example, the WAGO Pro2 Power Supply offers an industry best efficiency of 96%. It also offers diagnostic features, and communication capability with controls systems and the cloud via various fieldbus protocols. Ever evolving WAGO automation control technology offers futureready solutions for modern machines, systems, and buildings. These include software components, operating and monitoring products, control technology solutions, I/O systems, and sensor/actuator boxes.

WAGO provides edge computing devices and cloud solutions, as well as a range of Interface electronics and Automation solutions to support our customers digitization needs. For example, WAGO provides modular type packages (MTP) for decentralized automation in diverse industries from Marine to Process and Building Automation. With more and more data moving to the cloud, Cyber Attacks has become a real threat. The WAGO PFC100 and PFC 200 range of controllers encrypt information directly in the controller. This ensures that machine data is optimally protected against unauthorized access.

. What are the future plans of Wago for the Indian market? What will be the outlook of Indian Electrical industry in coming quarters?

WAGO is committed to become the backbone of the smart connected world. We are already the leader in screwless wiring connection technology. Our goal is to become a significant player in Interface Electronics and be known as a reliable Automation solutions provider. WAGO products are used in a wide range of industry. You will find our products in the power and process industry, building automation and machinery, as well as transportation applications. We have seen increased investment in many of these core sectors. So, the trend for the Industry looks positive as we seem to have adjusted to the “new normal”.

. Any company-side developments you would like to comment on?

WAGO’s commitment towards India market is evident with set-up of our new production facility in Vadodara, Gujarat. Spread over 1,00,000 square meters, this world class plant will cater to our customers, both in India and across the Globe. EM || JULY 2021 ||

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Lightning Protection 148

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Understanding the Lightning for Protection What Is Lightning

Prabhat Khare Director, KK Consultants BE (Electrical), Gold Medalist, IIT Roorkee Life Member of National Safety Council BEE Certified Energy Manager Lead Assessor For ISO 9K, 14K, 45K & 50K Industry Expert from Tata Motors, Honda Cars & Ashok Leyland Email: prabhat.pkmail@gmail.com/ khareprabhat@hotmail.com

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Lightning, the visible discharge of electricity that occurs when a region of a cloud acquires an excess electrical charge, either positive or negative, that is sufficient to break down the resistance of air. Lightning is a naturally occurring electrostatic discharge during which two electrically charged regions in the atmosphere or ground temporarily equalize themselves, causing the instantaneous release of as much as one gigajoule of energy. This discharge may produce a wide range of electromagnetic radiation, from very hot plasma created by the rapid movement of electrons to brilliant flashes of visible light in the form of black-body radiation. Lightning causes thunder, a sound from the shock wave which develops as gases in the vicinity of the discharge experience a sudden increase in pressure. Lightning occurs commonly during thunderstorms and other types of energetic weather systems, but volcanic lightning can also occur during volcanic eruptions. Lightning is a very common event in nature. At any one time, there are some 1700 electrical storms active throughout the world, producing in excess of 100 flashes per second. This equates to an aggregate of some 7 to 8 million flashes per day. Of these, approximately 90% are cloud-to-cloud flashes and the remaining are predominately

cloud-to-ground flashes. It is a natural phenomenon where the charge generated due to cloud/ air movement and other turbulent atmospheric conditions. When these separated charged clouds get very large, the air between the positive and negative regions breaks down in a giant spark (an intra-cloud stroke), or a charged region breaks down to ground (a cloud ground stroke). The resulting current being extremely high (it can vary from 30 kA to 100 kA and may sometime even scale up to 450 kA) ionizes and heats the air along the path to ~30,000 DegC. The ionized air glows brightly (the lightning), and the sudden increase in temperature expands the channel and nearby air, creating a pressure wave that makes the thunder. Globally approximately 90% of all lightning flashes are cloud-to-cloud & only 10% being cloud-to-ground flashes (in which negative charge is transferred from the cloud to ground). Ground-to-cloud flashes are extremely rare and generally only occur from high mountain tops or tall man-made structures-they are typically positive strokes (positive lightning). Strokes between clouds are relatively rare. To be capable of generating lightning, the cloud needs to be 3 to 4 km deep (cumulonimbus), the taller the cloud, the more frequent the lightning. The center column of the cumulonimbus can have

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updrafts exceeding 120 km/hr, creating intense turbulence with violent wind shears and consequential danger to aircraft. This same updraft gives rise to an electric charge separation which ultimately leads to the lightning flash.

Ligthning Protection

Lightning – Few Interesting Information

Different Types of Lightning & Development Of Lightning With Downward Leader

Need of Lightning Protection System (LPS)

But the big question is, if lightning is a natural phenomenon and is inevitable, why invest in a safety system to handle this? Why not just let the lightning strike as it may and let the building dissipate the energy to ground? To understand it, we must understand the Lightning first. Lightning is nothing but a discharge of atmospheric electricity which is generated by an accumulation of differing charges within a cloud. It is one of the most common causes of weatherrelated deaths in the India. Apart from causing deaths each year lightning strikes cause crore of monetary losses in property damage and devastation. Because of sheet intensity & short duration for which lightning current flows, the related energy has high level of damaging power severity, despite the fact that it flows for a few µ seconds. It is well recorded that an average lightning strike may contain energy up to 1 Billion Joules and the core temperature of a lightning strike is approximately 30,000 DegC, which in normal energy consumption terms is only about 300 KWh but since the lightning current has very short average time (~350 µs or so), the energy flow per unit of time (i.e. power burst or rate of energy flow) becomes too large (approx. 800 KW). Such large power flow has a massively destructive impact on the structure or any live body, be it human or animal, through which it flows. The precise details of such impacts can never be predicted however, in humans or animals, it can be damage the central nervous system, heart, lungs, and other vital organs (like any other electrical shock leading to even deaths in most of the cases. Buildings, structures & power lines may get affected by the excessively high voltages, intense electromagnetic forces and heat, getting generated by electromagnetic forces when lightning current passes through the structure. The rise system id voltage of electrical power supply may also damage house wiring or appliances & may also start the fire indirectly by causing power faults (short circuit or wire burning). The non-availability or poorly designed LPS will also not limit the rise in surface potential (see pic below) creating an unsafe condition leading to unsafe surroundings and may cause loss of lives.

Structures’ Surface Potential Status Under Normal Conditions

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Structure Surface Potential Status When Lightning Strikes

Ligthning Protection

India-Life Loss Due To Lightning

As per Mid Monsoon 2019 Lightning Report By Indian Meteorological Department, between 01.04.2018 to 31.07.2019, there were a total of 64,55,540 lightning strikes, out of which 23,52,614 (36%) were cloud to ground lightning while rest of 41,02,926 (64%) were In-Cloud (IC) lightning strike (See graphs below). According to data analyzed by the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune, on 16.04.2018 there were almost 41,000 clouds to ground (CG) lightning strikes all over India, in which about 89 people in 11 states were killed. The data from 1999 from the reports of National Crime Records Bureau, MoHA (Accidental Deaths & Suicide in India) shows an alarming trend of deaths by lightning in absolute numbers and more steeper in %age of deaths due to natural calamities. The %age rise probably proves that despite the good work of National Disaster Management Program, though India could reduce the number of deaths due to other natural calamities, the deaths by lightning has remain at same level. Hence there is a greater need to understand Lightning phenomenon, and spread awareness to put a proper LPS, in all places in order to have a much safer social environment in which we are able to save more lives when lightning strikes. It is important to note here that as of now there is no formal system in India to account & record property losses due to lightning.

travelling down through the LPS, may seek alternative paths during this travel through anything where it find lower resistance to ground leading side-flashing. To avoid this, IS: 2309 1989 strongly recommends reduction of the resistance to earth to a value below 10 Ohm to help in reducing the potential gradient around the earth electrodes to reduce the risk of side-flashing to metal in or on a structure. For this the IS: 2309 1989 recommends two different ways of preventing side flashing, namely: a) isolation, and b) bonding as described below: Isolation: Isolation requires either providing a large gap or providing an insulation between the LPS Conductor and any nearby metal structures (e.g. water or other services) to ensure it does not get connected to any other metal objects connected with ground.

Bonding: In bonding, adjacent metal works need to be connected with LPS (so that the lightning does get diverted to them) with careful consideration of possible effects of such bonding which it might have upon metalwork which has been protected.

Lightning Protection System (LPS)

The purpose of a LPS is to safely direct the lightning current with intense electrical energy, travelling from the clouds to the ground after breaking the natural barrier of atmosphere. This system must be designed to make an isolated & safe path with lowest possibly electrically resistive so as to reduce its impact on nature, infrastructure and/ or human/ animal lives. Although any LPS cannot guarantee a 100% protection and at best can only avoid loss of lives and damage to infrastructures to a certain extend if lightning strikes yet a well-planned LPS would certainly help in reducing its impact (and in eliminating in some cases) along with meeting the basic purpose of saving lives. However, it may be noted that when a lightning strikes a structure, its electrical potential with respect to earth is also raised (see the picture) and thus the lightning current, while 152

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Lightning Flash/ Current

Almost everybody is aware of the two most common two waveforms of electricity as shown – while DC waveform remains at fixed level depending upon the level of current flowing in circuit, the AC current has sinusoidal wave form whose amplitude shows the amount of current flowing however when many harmonics get mixed in AC Current the wave form also gets distorted.

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However, it has been a challenge for researchers to arrive at the wave form of Lightning current, because of its highly short duration of existence & transient nature due to which the shape of the lightning current may vary from event to event, place to place. Still for study and application purposed, based on statistical probability, the researchers have defined a wave shape of these lightning currents as:

Understanding Wave Form of Lightning Current

Risk Assessment & Threat Exposure from Lightning

Detailed programs are available for Risk assessment for designing the LPS however they all are based on following 10 set of losses/ Risks categories: ||www.electricalmirror.net||

Loss

Risk To Structure

L1-Loss Of Human Life

R1-Risk Of Loss Of Human Life

L2-Loss Of Essential Services

R2-Risk Of Loss Of Essential Services

L3-Loss Of Cultural Heritage

R3-Risk Of Loss Of Cultural Heritage

L4-Economic Loss

R4-Risk Of Economic Loss

Risk To Services

R’2-Risk Of Loss Of Essential Services

R’4-Risk Of Economic Loss

Lightning protection level (LPL) is a n umber assigned to represent maximum and minimum lightning parameters that should not be exceeded by natural lightning. While LPL I offers the highest protection level (greatest level of protection), with LPL IV offering the lowest level of protection as shown below:

For example, LPL I positions terminals have the probability that 99% of all lightning flashes are intercepted (all those of 3 kA or greater). There is only a 1% probability that lightning may be smaller than the 3 kA minimum, and may not be close enough to an air-terminal to be intercepted. It should be noted that flashes of less than 3 kA are rare, and typically would not be expected to cause damage to the structure. The table also gives details the rolling sphere radius used in the rolling sphere design method (which is most preferred method for determining positioning of air-terminals) as well mesh sizes for the mesh methods for designing LA protection system. There is one method known angle method.

w w w. e l e c t r i c a l m i r r o r. n e t

One of the most fundamental requirements of any concept of protection is to define the nature of the hazard. Lightning is one of its kind uncontrolled natural phenomenon which a variability so high that this definition is not easy. n order to be able to test protection networks and provide comparison data, various standard waveforms have been proposed over the years. These are all defined in terms of magnitude and wave shape, and can refer to current (normally associated with short-circuit conditions) or voltage (associated with open-circuit faults). Waveforms are usually double exponential rise and decay shapes, specified by two time periods; rise-time to peak value and decay-time to 50% peak value. The wave form is defined as T1/T2 µs waveform where T1 refers to Wave Front Time (µs) & is the time taken by current to achieve 90% of its peak value while T2 refers to Wave Tail Time (µs) & is time taken by the current to diminish down to 50% of that peak value. The lightning is a very short burst of voltage and as such no accurate waveform for these currents can be defined (even mathematically) however with based on statistical data of numerous measurements of actual lightning strikes, researchers have arrived at conclusion that the 10/350 µs waveform is a reasonable approximation for the current waveform for the primary lightning stroke. IEC 60060-2 describes a particular method of determining slopes by choosing the 10/350 µs waveform to represent the electrical and mechanical stress associated with direct conducted lightning. Both the IEC and the IEEE have standardized on 2 types of current wave forms: 1. 10/350 µs waveform to represent direct lightning stroke 2. 8/20 µs waveform to represent induced lightning stroke

Risk Assessment

Typically LPS follows two installation approaches:

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Isolated System: Here, LPS is isolated from the structure under protection by a specified distance, sufficient enough that energy flowing through the LPS does not spark with the protected structure. They are mainly used for structures which store combustible materials or are part of telecommunication sites. Air Terminal Placement: For air-terminal placement, the main consideration is the minimum value of expected current and the ability of the LPS to intercept these smaller flashes. As described earlier, as the lightning downward leader approaches the ground or structure, the electric field increases to the point that the ground or structure launches an upward leader that may eventually intercept the downward leader. This is termed the “striking distance”.

The larger the amount of charge carried by the lightning leader, the greater will be the distance at which this happens (as the larger the charge of the leader, the larger the resulting lightning current). This formula shows that it is more difficult for an air-terminal to intercept a smaller lightning flash than a larger flash, as the smaller flash must approach closer to the air-terminal before the upward leader is launched. To protect the structure against smaller lightning flashes, air-terminals must be spaced closer together. For smaller lightning flashes there is a risk that an air terminal may not be close enough to intercept the down leader, thus a closer structural point releases an upward leader which intercepts the flash (i.e. the building is struck). For each of the lightning protection levels, a minimum current level to be protected against has been statistically determined along with their probability percentages that lightning may be greater than these levels. However, no LPS can claim to be 100% effective or safe as Lightning protection is an issue of statistical probabilities and risk management. A system which is protected by a well-designed system will statistically reduce the chances of risk which are may occur when we consider Lightning hit. Some of them are: Basics of Designing Method for LPS Rolling Sphere Method (RSM): In this method the radius of the

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sphere is considered as equal to the striking distance associated with the minimum current level for the chosen lightning protection level. This imaginary sphere is rolled over the structure. The surface contact points traced out by the sphere define possible points that may launch an upward leader to intercept with the downward leader. All these points are deemed to require protection, whilst the untouched points do not. Generally a LPS is designed such that the rolling sphere only touches the LPS and not the structure. This is the most effective way of designing LPS. Protection Angle Method (PAM): Air-terminations (rods/masts and catenary wires) are located so the volume defined by the protection angle covers the structure to be protected. The height of the air-termination is measured from the top of the air-termination to the surface to be protected. The protection angle method is limited in application to heights that are equal to or less than the corresponding rolling sphere radius. Where the protection angle method alone is employed, multiple rods are generally required for most structures. However the protection angle method is most commonly used to supplement the mesh method, providing protection to items protruding from the plane surface. The protection angle method can be used on inclined surfaces, where the height of the rod is the vertical height, but the protection angle is referenced from a perpendicular line from the surface to the tip of the rod. Additionally, the Protective Angle Method is only valid up to heights equal to the radius of the rolling sphere as defined by the class of LPS defined for the structure, Mesh Method: The mesh method is recommended for flat roof surfaces in which meshed conductors are placed on edges as well as on surface to form a mesh & then from each edge joint, minimum two separate paths are made to direct to ground. Natural components (*) may be used for part of the mesh grid, or even the entire grid. It is also recommended for the protection of the sides of tall buildings against flashes to the side. The mesh method should not be used on curved surfaces, but can be used on non-horizontal plane surfaces and compound surfaces e.g. on the vertical sides of tall buildings for protection against flashes to the side, or on compound surfaces such as industrial roofs. For compound surfaces, conductors should be placed on the roof ridge lines if the slope exceeds 1/10. (*) Natural components are typically metallic structural items that will not be modified during the life of the structure, such as reinforcing steel, metal framework and roofing/cladding. Natural components must meet minimum material requirements and be electrically continuous with secure interconnections between sections such as brazing, welding, clamping, seaming, screwing or bolts. Due to highly unpredictable nature of lightning, there is no single ||www.electricalmirror.net||

method which can be said to be fool proof and it is always a combination of system which is preferred for lightning protection which is shown below with volume protected by combination of all three methods: Combination Of Different Methods Used For Arriving At Protected Volumes/ Areas

Air Terminal Placement

Also All items on the roof that contain electronic or electrical equipment require protection via air-terminations. Surge protective devices must be installed on the circuits to limit current entering into the internal environment Earthing & Its Importance in LPS: The most critical part of LPS is earthling which if not made correctly or maintained correctly in which case lightning will cause the havoc despite inverting money on all other items. The reliable performance of the entire LPS is dependent upon an effective earthing system. Following points must be kept in mind • Providing a low impedance network to dissipate the fast-rising lightning impulse • Minimization of touch and step potential hazards • Long term performance of the system – i.e. quality of materials and connections While the earthing system of LPS is normally installed and tested as a dedicated system, it is required by most codes that the earthing system of any LPS must be kept separately yet interconnected with other earthing systems. Isolation from the telecommunication, power and other earthing systems is highly recommended. The earthing system (and down-conductors) should be located away from entrances and exits of the structure and places where people may congregate. If the earthing system is in locations accessible to the public, then measures should be taken to minimize step potential risks. • The earthing system should be located away from other metallic buried items (e.g. bore well, Gas & water pipelines and services). • Test joints should be installed between the local electrode ||www.electricalmirror.net||

sections and down-conductor to enable isolation and measurements of sections of the system during future inspection and testing. • It is recommended that IS: 3043 1987 must be followed while making an earth pit. • And preferably multiple paths to multiple earth pits should be provided for diverting the Lightning current. Earthing Resistance Requirements: The general requirement is that the earthing of LPS must have a resistance of less than 10 ohms (measured at a frequency different from the power system frequency or multiple thereof. Epilogue: When we look at a Lightning Protection System in its most elementary form, it is quite simple in which simple metal rods (air terminal) are installed to divert the striking lightning to ground by providing a low resistance conducting path. The system provides protection from lightning to the structures. The overall concept seems very simple yet considering the unpredictable nature of lightning, which till no one is able to define till date, it is very complicated. It is this unpredictability, which brings one of those very difficult challenges of designing a protection system which requires use of historical data & statistical model to forecast its behavior & nature. Yet this statistical model is based upon a great amount of science and theoretical investigation developed over the last two plus centuries. These researches & studies have created modern theories which guide engineers to work out engineering solutions and develop LPS to provide a statistically derived protection system by optimizing the overall cost and designed to work silently 24X7 without any recurring cost. Ref: 1. IS: 2309 1989 Lightning Protection/ IS: 3043 1987/ IS: 8437 (Part I) 1993/ IS: 302-2-7 2010 2. Technical Handbook: Lightning Protection Handbook of nVent ERICO 3. Lightning Protection Guide (DEHN) 4. Lightning: Protection Guide (OBO Bettermann) 5. Mid Monsoon 2019 Lightning Report & Reports of Accidental Deaths & Suicide in India (MoHA) 6. How to Protect Your House and Its Contents Form Lightning (IEEE) (**) Note: Impact on Human Body on Flow of Electrical Current EM

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Earthing

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An earthing system comprises of protective earthing conductor Abstract: Environmental medicine generally addresses environmental factors with a negative impact on human health. However, emerging scientific research has revealed a surprisingly positive and overlooked environmental factor on health: direct physical contact with the vast supply of electrons on the surface of the Earth. Modern lifestyle separates humans from such contact. The research suggests that this disconnect may be a major contributor to physiological dysfunction and unwellness. Reconnection with the Earth's electrons has been found to promote intriguing physiological changes and subjective reports of well-being. Earthing (or grounding) refers to the discovery of benefits—including better sleep and reduced pain—from walking barefoot outside or sitting, working, or sleeping indoors connected to conductive systems that transfer the Earth's electrons from the ground into the body. This paper reviews the earthing research and the potential of earthing as a simple and easily accessed global modality of significant clinical importance. The purpose of earthing is to minimize risk of receiving an electric shock if

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touching metal parts when a fault is present. Generally green wire is used for this as a nomenclature. Under fault conditions the non-current carrying metal parts of an electrical installation such as frames, enclosures, supports, fencing etc. may attain high potential with respect to ground so that any person or stray animal touching these or approaching these will be subjected to potential difference which may result in the flow of a current through the body of the person or the animal of such a value as may prove fatal then they may get shocked. The earthing discharges the leakage current to the earth and hence avoid the personnel from the electric shock. It also protects the equipment from lightning strokes and provides the discharge path for the surge arrester, gap and other devices. To avoid this non-current carrying metal parts of the electrical system are connected to the general mass of earth by means of an earthing system comprising of earth conductors to conduct the fault currents safely to the ground. Earthing has been accomplished through bonding of a metallic system to earth. It is normally achieved by inserting ground rods or other electrodes deep inside earth. Earthing is to ensure safety

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Earthing

or protection of electrical equipment and human by discharging the electrical energy to the earth. The earthing is achieved by connecting the parts of the installation to the earth by using the earth conductor or earth electrode in intimate contact with the soil placed with some distance below the ground level. The process of transferring the immediate discharge of the electrical energy directly to the earth by the help of the low resistance wire is known as the electrical earthing. The electrical earthing is done by connecting the non-current carrying part of the equipment or neutral of supply system to the ground. Mostly, the galvanised iron is used for the earthing. The earthing provides the simple path to the leakage current. The shortcircuit current of the equipment passes to the earth which has zero potential. Thus, protects the system and equipment from damage. The earthing mat or electrode under the ground level have flat iron riser through which all the non-current-carrying metallic parts of the equipment are connected. When the fault occurs, the fault current from the equipment flows through the earthing system to the earth and thereby protects the equipment from the fault current. At the time of the fault, the earth mat conductors rise to the voltage which is equal to the resistance of the earth mat multiplied by a ground fault. The contacting assembly is called earthing. The metallic conductors connecting the parts of the installation with the earthing are called electrical connection.

What is a solidly earthed system?

A device or a system can be said to be solidly earthed if it is electrically connected to an earth electrode without the intention of additional resistance or impedance in earth connection, and this system can protect the device from over-voltages.

What are the objectives of earthing?

• It can provide an alternative path for the fault current so the fault current can travel in that path without damaging the equipment or endanger the user • The conductive parts which are exposed won’t reach a dangerous potential • Voltage can be maintained in an electrical system by preventing over current and excessive voltages • Low impedance path will be provided to the fault current and by this, it can ensure the correct operation of protective devices

Why do we need earthing? Earthing is done for the safety of humans, equipment, and property and if there is no effective earthing then it could lead to the loss of property and lives. • It can ensure the safety of property and lives • It can prevent insulation breakdown by keeping the system voltage under limits when a fault condition occurs 158

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• It can provide an equipotential platform where electronic equipment can be operated • Electrical noise in the cable can be reduced by providing an alternating path for induced current. • It can minimize arcing faults

What is the difference between system earthing and equipment earthing? System earthing is done by considering the protection of electrical equipment, by stabilizing voltages with respect to ground. Whereas the equipment earthing is done for the protection of the personnel by maintaining the potential of non-current carrying equipment at or near earth potential. Mostly the system earthing is done by earthing the neutral of the supply system. In case of fault conditions the non-current carrying conductors of the electrical installations such as frames, enclosers, fencing could attain high potential with respect to ground so it would be dangerous to the person who comes in contact with it, to avoid this equipment earthing is done by connecting the non-current carrying conductors of the electrical system to the earth, it is done by the earthing system which consists of earth electrodes which conduct the fault current safely to ground.

Why coal and salt is added in earth pits? Coal is added to earth pits because it is a bad conductor; it is made up of burning wood. It has a property of absorbing water because it is porous. Salt is added to earth pits because it is basically sodium chloride and when it comes in contact with water it breaks into ions and helps in electrical conduction.

Aim of Earthing:

The earthing system is essential for any electrical installation to avoid dangers associated with fault currents and lighting strikes. A properly designed common earthing system is used for both electrical system and lighting protection system. An earthing system comprises of protective earthing conductor, equipotential bonding bars, connectors and earthing electrode. A good earthing system aims as: • Protect installations and equipment by providing a low impedance path for fault current. • Ensures that all exposed conductive parts do not reach a dangerous potential. • Avoid the risk of fire in electrical installation system. • Provide security for people by limiting step and touch voltages – by providing an alternate path for the fault currents to flow. • Provide safe path to dissipate lighting and short circuit currents. The earthing provides the easiest path to the flow of short circuit current even after the failure of the insulation. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

WHERE OTHER MATERIALS FAIL, EARTHING SPECIALISTS RELY UPON MARCONITE

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• Improve the quality of the signal by equal signal reference and minimize electromagnetic noise. • Provide stable platform for operation for sensitive electronic equipments i.e. to maintain voltage at any part of an electrical system at a known value so as to prevent over current or excessive voltage on the equipment.

Earthing

Earth Electrodes

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In general horizontal ring earthing combined with vertical earth electrodes shall be used. In horizontal earth electrode, copper coated steel round solid conductor of 10 mm size shall be used. Horizontal earth conductor shall have minimum number of joints. The minimum length between joints shall be greater than 20 meters. Vertical earth electrodes shall be of copper coated solid steel with minimum coating thickness of 250 microns. Each electrode shall be 1 meter long with suitable coupling mechanism between roads so that multiple rods can be driven deep in soil. Conductive concrete based earth enhancing materials shall be used for back filling the augured earthing hole after inserting the vertical earth electrode. Approximately 25 kg’s earth material shall be used for a three meter road inserted in a 100 mm augured hole in a slurry form. The earth enhancing material shall not contain Bentonite content. All joints under soil shall be exothermically welded. Joints with SS clamps and SS bolts are allowed only in exposed area. If one earth electrode does not provide required value, additional rods shall be installed ideally two rod lengths apart, but as a minimum at 1 rod length apart. The more electrodes used, better will be the electrical connection to the earth. Connect all vertical electrodes together with a horizontal earth conductor and finally to the equipotential bonding but at the shelter’s power entry panel. When the ordinary earth electrode provides a poor earth resistance and value is not stable throughout the year, particularly in places with rocky soil, chemically charged electrodes can be used. The chemically charged electrodes shall be 3 meters long, made of copper pipe with minimum external diameter of 55 mm and thickness of 2.5 mm. The chemicals filled inside the charged electrode leaches into the nearby soil and provide a low resistance value. Care should be taken while providing the earth electrode under the ground: • The earthing electrode should not be placed near the building whose installation system is earthed more than 1.5 m away. • The resistance of the earth wire should not be more than 1 ohm. • The wire use for electrode and circuit should be made

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up of the same material. • The electrodes should be placed in vertical position so that it can touch the layers of the earth.

Types of Electrical Earthing

The electrical equipment mainly consists of two non-current carrying parts. These parts are neutral of the system or frame of the electrical equipment. From the earthing of these two non-current carrying parts of the electrical system earthing can be classified into Neutral Earthing and Equipment earthing. In neutral earthing, the neutral of the system is directly connected to earth by the help of the GI wire or GI strip. The neutral earthing is also called the system earthing. Such type of earthing is mostly provided to the system which has star winding. For example, the neutral earthing is provided in the generator, transformer, motor etc. Equipment type of earthing is provided to the electrical equipment. The non-current carrying part of the equipment like their metallic frame is connected to the earth by the help of the conducting wire. If any fault occurs in the apparatus, the short-circuit current to pass the earth by the help of wire. Thus, protect the system from damage.

Grounding:

Grounding means connecting the live part (it means the part which carries current under normal condition) to the earth for example neutral of power transformer. Grounding is done for the protections of power system equipment and to provide an effective return path from the machine to the power source. For example grounding of neutral point of a star connected transformer. Grounding refers the current carrying part of the system such as neutral (of the transformer or generator). Because of lightening, line surges or unintentional contact with other high voltage lines, dangerously high voltages can develop in the electrical distribution system wires. Grounding provides a safe, alternate path around the electrical system thus minimizing damage from such occurrences. Generally Black wire is used for this as a nomenclature. In grounding, the current carrying parts are directly connected to the ground. The grounding provides the return path for the leakage current and hence protect the power system equipment from damage. When the fault occurs in the equipment, the current in all the three phases of the equipment become unbalance. The grounding discharges the fault current to the ground and hence makes the system balance. The grounding has several advantages like it eliminates the surge voltage and also discharge the over voltage to the ground. The grounding provides the great safety to the equipment and improves the service reliability. ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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Earthing

All electrical/electronic circuits (AC & DC) need a reference potential (zero volts) which is called ground in order to make possible the current flow from generator to load. Ground is may or may not be earthed. In electrical power distribution it is either earthed at distribution point or at consumer end but it is not earthed in Automobile (for instance all vehicles’ electrical circuits have ground connected to the chassis and metallic body that are insulated from earth through tires). There may exist a neutral to ground voltage due to voltage drop in the wiring, thus neutral does not necessarily have to be at ground potential. In a properly balanced system, the phase currents balance each other, so that the total neutral current is also zero. For individual systems, this is not completely possible, but we strive to come close in aggregate. This balancing allows maximum efficiency of the distribution transformer’s secondary winding.

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Basic difference between Grounding and Earthing:

• In grounding the current carrying part is connected to ground whereas in earthing the body of the equipment is connected to ground. • Grounding is the link between the neutral of the equipment and ground whereas earthing is the link between the equipment body and earth pit which is placed under the earth surface. • Grounding protects the power system equipment whereas earthing protects the human from electric shock. • Grounding provides the return path to the current whereas earthing discharges the electrical energy to the earth. • Three types of grounding generally used in electrical network namely Solid grounding, Resistance grounding and Reactance grounding. Type of earthing used in electrical system/network are Pipe earthing, Plate earthing, Rod earthing, earthing through tap and strip earthing • Grounding indicated by black color and earthing indicated by green color. • Grounding use for balancing the unbalance load whereas earthing use for avoiding the electrical shock. • Neutral of generator and power transformer is connected to ground. The enclosure of the transformer, generator, motor etc. is connected to the earth. • The grounding wire is placed between the neutral of the equipment and the earth whereas in earthing the earth electrode is placed between the equipment body and the earth pit which is placed under the ground. • In grounding the equipment is not physically connected to the ground, and the current is not zero on the ground,

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whereas in earthing the system is physically connected to the ground and it is at zero potential. • The grounding gives the path to an unwanted current and hence protects the electrical equipment from damage, whereas the earthing decrease the high potential of electrical equipment which is caused by a fault and thus protects the human body from the electrical shock.

Functional difference between earthing & Grounding:

There is no major difference between earthing and Grounding, both means “Connecting an electrical circuit or device to the Earth”. This serves various purposes like to drain away unwanted currents, to provide a reference voltage for circuits needing one, to lead lightning away from delicate equipment. Even though there is a micro difference between grounding & earthing. • Balancing the Load Vs Safety: Ground is a source for unwanted currents and also as a return path for main current some times. While earthing is done not for return path but only for protection of delicate equipments. It is an alternate low resistance path for current. When the neutral for a three phase unbalanced connection take out and send it to ground, it is called grounding. Grounding is done to balance unbalanced load. While earthing is used between the equipment and earth pit so as to avoid electrical shock and equipment damage. • Equipment Protection Vs Human Safety: Earthing is to protect the circuit elements whenever high voltage is passed by thunders or by any other sources while Grounding is the common point in the circuit to maintain the voltage levels. Earth is used for the safety of the human body in fault conditions while Grounding (As neutral earth) is used for the protection of equipments. • Earthing is a preventive measure while Grounding is just a return path: The ground conductor provides a return path for fault current when a phase conductor accidentally comes in contact with a grounded object. This is a safety feature of the wiring system and it would never expect to see grounding conductor current flow during normal operation. Do not Ground the Neutral Second time When It is grounded either at Distribution Transformer or at main service panel of consumer end. Grounding act as neutral. But neutral cannot act as ground. • System Zero Potential Vs Circuit Zero Potential: Earthing and Grounding both is refer to zero potential but the system connected to zero potential is differ than Equipment connected to zero potential .If a neutral point of a generator or transformer is connected to zero potential then it is known as grounding. At the same time if the body of the transformer ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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neutral makes you an energy thief as the meter uses only the Phase and neutral for recording your energy consumption. Many Consumers make energy theft by using Earthing wire as a Neutral wire in an Energy meter.

Conclusion:

The Earth Resistance measurement could be carried out at selected points along its route. The Earth Resistance profile varies between 10 Ohms and 20 Ohms. Soil identifications as well as programmed intensive field measurements of soil resistivity and earthing system at selected sites proves that soil resistivity values’ depend on the type of soil. In rocky areas, the resistance could be lowered by a buried network of well-designed earth mat or by a network of buried counterpoise earth wire in order to reduce the effect of lightning stroke. For better earthing of electrical systems the soil resistivity should be improved for effective earthing of system. From the above information it can be concluded that, if the grounding is not carried out properly, it can cause number of problems like: • An improper grounding results in higher potential being created in the equipment that can damage equipment and pose safety threat to working personnel. • It can delay in clearing of faults that will result in insufficient current flow. • The dangers of a fire caused by leaking electricity are increased exponentially. • It can cause reduction in the operational efficiency of the machine. In addition, the choice of earthing system depends on the priority given to many aspects mentioned in the relevant distribution company and regulatory authority of county. EM

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or generator is connected to zero potential then it is known as earthing. The term “Earthing means that the circuit is physically connected to the ground and it is Zero Volt Potential to the Ground (Earth) but in case of “Grounding” the circuit is not physically connected to ground, but its potential is zero(where the currents are algebraically zero) with respect to other point, which is also known as “Virtual Grounding.” Earth having zero potential whereas neutral may have some potential. That means neutral does not always have zero potential with respect to ground. In earthing we have Zero Volt potential references to the earth while in grounding we have local Zero Volt potential reference to circuit. When we connect two different Power circuits in power distribution system, we want to have the same Zero Volt reference so we connect them and grounds together. This common reference might be different from the earth potential. • Illegal Practice of interchange Purpose of Grounding & earthing wire: Neutral wire in grid connections is mandatory for safety. Imagine a person from 4th floor in a building uses Earth wire (which is earthed in the basement at Basement) as neutral to power his lights. Another Person from 2nd floor has a normal setup and uses neutral for the same purpose. Neutral wire is also earthed at the ground level (as per USA practice Neutral is Grounded (earthed) at Building and as per Indian Practice it is Grounded (earthed) at Distribution Transformer). However, ground wire (Neutral wire) has a much lower electrical resistance than Earth Wire (Earthing) which results in a difference of electrical potential (i.e. voltage) between them. This voltage is quite a hazard for anyone touching a Earth wire (Metal Body of Equipment) as it may have several tens of volts. The second issue is legality. Using ground wire instead of

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Your strong partner for machine building by Phoenix Contact Machine building is a global and very dynamic market. The competition you are facing as a supplier is tough. For you, it is important that you meet the requirements of your customers and develop a range of products and services that allows you to be sustainably competitive. The focus is on the cost- effectiveness, quality, flexibility, and performance of your machines. Phoenix Contact offers you an extensive portfolio of products and services – the decisive contribution to your competitiveness.

Guest Article

Safety for every function

Utilize PSR safety relays if your machine requires few safety functions and logical links to be implemented. The combination of innovative connection technology, space-saving style and clearly arranged design contributes to the quick and economic implementation of the safetyrelated application.

Protecting network and data

The FL MGUARD security routers and firewalls protect your machine and your network against unauthorized access by people or malware.

Reliable power supply

QUINT POWER with SFB technology trips circuit breakers magnetically and quickly with six times the nominal current. Only faulty current paths are switched off selectively, important machine parts remain in operation. The QUINT UPS-IQ uninterruptible power supply with its IQ technology thinks along and warns you early about a breakdown.

Intelligent motor switching

Switch and reverse motors quickly and reliably with CONTACTRON compact hybrid motor starters. The micro processor control enables wear-free switching. This means that the service life of devices is up to ten times longer than that of purely mechanical devices.

Intelligent motor protection

The CONTACTRON motor manager combines overload and underload detection in a single device. This allows you to detect all critical load states. In the event of an emergency, the motor manager protects the motor and subsequently your machine, because the device shuts down the drive in case of a malfunction.

Securely connecting the field level to the controller

VARIOFACE system cabling connects the controller to the field - easy and error-free. Phoenix Contact provides the corresponding front adapters, system cables, and interface modules.

Protection against surge voltages

Surge voltages pose a risk for machines and can lead to the destruction of important function groups. Increase the safety and machine availability with eff ective surge protection in the supply and before signal interfaces.

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Reliable connection with sensor/actuator cabling

The easiest way of performing the signal wiring in the field consists of the use of sensor/actuator cables and corresponding junction boxes. With M8 and M12 lines in variants for all different types of requirements, you can connect individual sensors and actuators as quickly and as safely as modularly designed system components.

Space-saving and safe cable entry systems

CES is the cable entry system for assembled cables and lines. It allows routing all types of different cables in a space-saving way from the control cabinet to the field. You assemble the system consisting of individual sleeves and frames according to your requirements.

One system – fewer parts

The HEAVYCON EVO plug connector system features a standardized mount for cable glands from size M20 to size M40. The cable outlet direction can easily be determined on site. This allows up to eight conventional sleeve housings to be replaced.

All connection technologies, one system

With CLIPLINE complete, you can freely choose the connection technology. Whether screw, push-in, spring-cage, quick, bolt or plug connection: Combine all connection types using the same accessories.

Optimum marking material for your application

The manifold product range covers all the requirements of terminal, cable and conductor marking as well as device and system marking. The quality labeling on plastic markers, labels and metal signs expand the applicability up to areas with increased requirements.

The right tool for every application

The Toolfox tool program offers excellent hand tools and machines for cutting, stripping, crimping, screwing and testing. Our ergonomically-designed tools convince through simple handling, high service life and best working results. EM For further details please contact: Phoenix Contact India Pvt. Ltd., F-26/2, Okhla Industrial Area Phase -2, New Delhi – 110020, E-mail- adverts@phoenixcontact.co.in

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Smart Switchgears

Guest Article

‘Powering a smarter tomorrow’

166

Mr. Vivek Yadav, Senior Vice President, Havells India

The integration of industrialization and informatization, development of smart-grids and smart cities, growing focus on energy management and green buildings, is all rapidly transforming the electrical industry. Some of the key industries and infrastructure sectors like telecom, railways, airports, and ports are expanding. Therefore, the increasing prominence and development of smart grids is going to become an enormous part of the switchgear market. With the electrical system being intricate in nature, it is essential to have an intelligent switchgear installed so that it monitor & controls the electrical power system improving electrical efficiency and safety. Smart Switchgears ensuring smart distribution The smart internet of things (IoT) ready switchgear solutions is reality now, which provide real time monitoring, predictive diagnostics, and precise protection against electrical faults. They can seamlessly integrate with building management system, extending supervisory control and other enterpriselevel utility systems to control power flow and achieve energy savings. With the increasing integration of renewable energy into grid, smart switchgears are playing an important role in meeting the requirements of high level of energy efficiency and power distribution. It is essential to have intelligent switchgears power system as it facilitates the automatic regulation of incoming and outgoing power, transfer of power during peak load, and opening and closing of switches to maintain power load and preventive maintenance. The adoption of smart switchgears will improve uptime making modern businesses more competitive and limiting

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intervention cost. With advanced programming of load cycle and efficient energy management, it minimizes energy wastage and improve the efficiency/sustainability. The Indian switchgear industry is dominated by the organized sector and has kept pace with global changes in the industry and utilizes the latest technology in the design and manufacturing process. Some of the leading brands in the Indian market are designing smart switchgears in-house to have a complete quality control, switchgears are designed in the interest to protect the lives and electrical systems, therefore the reputed brands while manufacturing ensure that switchgears are made using engineered materials such as nickel-plated terminal and flame-retardant material, which saves it from operational degradation and helps it adapt to the adverse/harsh environmental conditions like India. Various endeavours are also being undertaken by the government for the development of smart grids and smart cities which is rapidly transforming the electrical industry. According to a recent report from Research and Markets, the Indian switchgear industry is poised to reach $3.7 billion by 2022. It outlines that there is a need to develop different kinds of switchgear suitable for smart grid operation and which is connected, compact, reliable, environment friendly and requires minimum installation and commissioning time (Plug and play concept). It is crucial to note that that the smart switchgear is not only smart enough to operate but keeps the power management in sync with everyday operations such as Protection & Monitoring, Control and. Metering. It has a very important connotation in respect to the longevity and seamless integration of the entire power system. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

K-LITE Introduces LED Landscape – Redefined The Essence of lighting is one of the most important things in our lives. At K-Lite we are passionate about creating a distinctive atmosphere that improves the quality of life in the cities and towns by exploring the many potential facets of lighting that supports the well being and safety of all. Founded in 1977 in India, K-Lite has grown to be the leading manufacturer of outdoor luminaires and decorative poles. K-Lite’s proven performance in the landscape segment is because of its ability to stylishly convey the identity of a space with a blend of efficiency and modularity to maximise the visual comfort that is best suited to each specific space.

Product Info

Our Landscape range includes :

Linear Wall Washer, Up-Down Lighters, LED Strips/Neon flex, Promenade Lighting, Bollards, Under Water Lighting, Post top luminaires, Bulk Heads, Path finders, Polar lighting and newly added series of Facade Lighting. EM

K-LITE INDUSTRIES D-10, Ambattur Industrial Estate, Chennai – 600058 Tel : 044-26257710, 48581950, Fax: 044-26257866, Mobile : 95000 79797 95000 85511 E-mail : info@klite.in, Website : www.klite.in ||www.electricalmirror.net||

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APPLICATION SPOTLIGHT – Utilities Improve

Reduce Downtime

Improve Safety

LOAD TAP CHANGERS (LTC) ASSESS LTC HEALTH WITH THERMAL IMAGING

Product Info

THE CUSTOMER’S CHALLENGE If an LTC fails, the entire transformer will shut down. Transformer failures can cost your utility millions of dollars, adding overtime pay for workers and additional expenses to expedite repair. This outage will adversely affect numerous distribution circuits and the remaining power grid due to the need to reroute the load to supply the affected circuits. Regularly assessing the health of LTCs and catching problems before a failure occurs is important to prevent downtime and minimize the cost of repairs. An LTC plays a critical part in a transformer’s operation

A SOLUTION A thermal imager is a valuable tool for recording or monitoring temperatures in realtime to assess the health of an LTC, as well as ensure that LTCs meet EPRI guidelines. A tap changer should not be hotter than the main tank of the transformer, and it should not be more than 5°C different from the top to bottom – any temperature rise may be an indication of a problem. Fixed thermal sensors, such as the FLIR AX8, can provide constant, 24/7 temperature trending of critical components including LTCs. You can even send data via local network or a cloud-based solution.

Fixed thermal sensors can provide constant 24/7 temperature trending

THE RESULTS tion monitoring can help you understand the temperature trends of an LTC and make critical decisions on the health of the transformer bef inspection. Inspect from outside the fence line and still get real-time, accurate data to

For more information about FLIR in substations/transmission, or to schedule a product demonstration visit: www.flir.in/substation-transmission Imagery for illustration purposes only.

AX8

FLIR

www.teledyneflir.in NASDAQ: FLIR

For more information, please call us at +91-11-4560 3555 or write to us at flirindia@flir.com.hk

Equipment described herein is subject to US export regulations and may require a license prior to export. Diversion contrary to US law is prohibited. ©2018 FLIR Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 11/02/18 – 18-1610-INS_EMEA

To know more, please write to us at flirindia@flir.com.hk or call us at +91-11-4560 3555 168

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HARTING har-modular®

The new modular connectivity solution for your board application. CREATE YOUR OWN!

Developing engineers for electronical industry devices knows this problem. The livelines of data, signal and power have to be connected from one PCB to another, and the most stock connectivity solutions do not fit for the own project. No reason to despair. The new HARTING har-modular® PCB connector system gives you over a billion combination possibilities for data, signal and power. Configurable online by yourself from quantity 1. The ideal solution for innovative prototyping or your next successful device series. Modularity and flexibility are becoming increasingly important in equipment development. The development times of new devices are becoming shorter and shorter and prototyping is playing an increasingly important role. A limited selection of available standard components is often an obstacle in device development. The solution to this need for modularity, flexibility and more speed in device development is called har-modular. A plug connection with future potential that can be configured absolutely individually by the customer. No matter how innovative and creative the arrangement within a device design, it is no longer dependent on whether a suitable standard strip or variant is available. The developer adapts

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the connector to his requirements. Not vice versa. Every solution is conceivable and can be realised from batch size 1. This offers developers completely new perspectives for fast and cost-effective prototype development.

3 steps to your individual connector

STEP 1 - How many modules In the first step you have to ask yourself what lifelines and how many lifelines you want to connect. Data, signal or power? Or all three? Check out our har-modular® modules. STEP 2 - The guiding pin For a safe connection of all your modules, every har-modular® connector needs two guiding pins. Depending on your application you can select them in plastic or metal. If you ask us, the best places for the guiding pins are the connectors ends, but every other place is also possible. STEP 3 - The connecting rail Found the right sort and number of connection modules? Two guiding modules? Perfect. Lets finish. EM

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Raytech AG’s Switzerland State Of Art

WR50-12 and CAPO 12 WR50-12 Next Gen Equipments is pleased to announce winding resistance (WR50-12) unit and its latest state-of-the-art 12 KV Tan Delta unit from Raytech AG, Switzerland

Product Info

Digital Winding Resistance Meter 50A: WR50-12

WR50-12 is a fully automatic and it is designed for high degree of accuracy for the measurement of very low resistance of any inductive loads and never charges the Transformer windings while testing. The self-contained instrument performs measurement of both the winding HVLV sides. The WR50-12 is lightweight system; this advance kit can also take the reading in three different modes like single, continuous and interval mode for heat run test shutdown.

Measurements can be made up to by the user, from 0.025A to 50A. WR50-12’s key features • Highest Accuracy and Precision of any high current test system. • Automatic measurements of Low Resistance from 0.00µΩ ...100kΩ. • Demagnetising Circuit (Advanced design). • Complete automatic calibration system and system diagnostics. • Temperature channels with automatic resistance correction. • Fastest discharge time in the market. • Temperature correction.

• Single Piece Construction – The portable and rugged instrument is perfect for use in the FIELD, FACILITY OR MANUFACTURING PLANT. • Touch Screen Operation. • Microprocessor based system with internal storage for over 10,000 test results. • Data exchange via USB-Key or USB / RS Connection. • On Board Thermal Printer. • Touch Screen Operation. • Internal Thermal Printer. • Internal storage for over 10 000 test Results. • Portable, rugged & Easy to transport. EM

CAPO 12 for factor measurement CAPO 12 The CAPO 12 is a fully automatic 12kV AC Capacitance & Insulation tan δ / Power Factor measuring instrument at variable frequency. The self-contained instrument performs measurements of Insulation Power Factor (Cos Ø), Dissipation Factor (tan δ), Capacitance, Inductance, Excitation, Quality Factor and Power Loss (watts).

Tested at Ladakh & Kargil, India in “-23°C” Measurements can be made up to 12KV

AC at variable frequency (From 10HZ TO 400HZ) which can be changed during the testing.

CAPO12’s key features

• Single Piece Construction – The portable and rugged instrument is perfect for use in the FIELD, FACILITY

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“Heat Run Test Graph without Laptop”

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• • •

•

• • •

OR MANUFACTURING PLANT No Laptop Required – Touch Screen Operation Capacitance measurement up to 53nF Test Voltage: 0 to12 KV continuously adjustable even during the ongoing testing. 10 Hz to 400Hz, 45-100 Hz (12 kV); 10-400 Hz (7.5 kV); Frequency sweep with selectable frequencies should be possible. Test Current of 200mAmp Continuous at 12 KV On Board Thermal Printer Very Fast Testing, single test time is less than 30 sec

• In-Built Standard Capacitor • Inbuilt Trolley For Easy Transportation at Site Or Within The Plan • Extremely Lightweight Cable Set of < 7 KG for 10 Meter Length and <10 KG for 20 meter Lengh • Touch Screen Operation. • Tan δ accuracy ± 10-4 • Internal Thermal Printer • Internal storage for over 10 000 test Results • Portable, rugged and Easy to transport It is specially designed for fast and easy measurements with well-known high precision and quality of all Raytech instruments. Raytech Products are readily available in India and it also has efficient after sales support set up. EM ||www.electricalmirror.net||

“KUSAM-MECO”

TRMS DIGITAL FORK CLAMPMETER MODEL KM 039

MODEL - KM 039

• • • • •

NEW FORK CLAMP! AC-TRMS-200A! HIGH SAFETY CAT-III 600V ! 12mm SLIMMEST CLAMPS TO FIT IN NARROW SPACES! Rugged Fire Retarded Housing

KUSAM-MECO presents its latest offering of Fork Clampmeter with only 12mm Slim-Probe open jaws for easy slide into tight wiring. It is packed with features not available in competition. Features include 6000 counts display dual sensitivities EF-Detection, 12.5mm ACA FORK Clamp, Backlight LCD Display, fully body, Crest, Max Min, IN-RUSH Currents, (5milli seconds) innovative Beeplit Diode Test, Records

Max/Min reading over time, Automatic APO disable feature, Relative Zero for convenient reading comparison, Data Hold, AC Voltage (LPF), DC Voltage, Capacitance, Resistance, Temperature (Type K-Thermocouple), DCmA for HVAC flame sensors testing, BeepLit Continuity Test. Non-Contact EF-Detection (NCV) with Hi / Lo selectable sensitivities. Direct LPF / ACV & LPF Hz for VFDS (signals upto 600V). EM

“KUSAM-MECO”

MODEL - KM 2719

TRUE RMS DIGITAL CLAMPMETER MODEL KM 2719 KUSAM-MECO has introduced a new Clampmeter Model KM 2719 which is an upgraded version of their earlier Model KM-2718. The instrument is suitable for HVAC measurements. The new Clampmeter has 11 functions & 37 Ranges. It has 4000 counts display. The Measurement is True RMS measurement. It measures AC current upto 400 ampers (frequency response 50Hz -100Hz). It has AC Voltage range upto 600 Volts (Frequency response 10Hz - 10KHz) with a resolution 1mV. It has DC Voltage Range upto 600 Volts with resolution 0.1mV. The Resistance

measuring range is 40 mega with a resolution 0.1 Ohm. The Capacitance range is upto 4.000 mF with a resolution of 0.001 nF. It also has Diode & Continuity test function. It can measure Frequency upto 10MHz with resolution 0.01Hz. It also has Temperature measurement function with K-type Thermocouple having range upto 1000 degree C. The Thermocouple supplied along with the clampmeter is suitable upto 250 degree C. Additionally it has Non-Contact Voltage Detection function. EM

The Jaw opening is 28mm diameter. Over load input signal is displayed by “OL”. If there is no operation of any function switch or any button for 15 minutes the instrument will be automatically power off. It is light in weight (approximately 248g including batteries). The clampmeter is supplied with Test lead, Battery, User Manual, K-Type Temperature Probe range upto 250 degree C & Carrying case. Optionally, thermocouple upto 1000 degree C can be supplied. E m a i l : - s a l e s @ ku s a m - m e c o . c o . i n , We b s i t e : - w w w. ku s a m e l e c t r i c a l . c o m

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Akshyan Power Solutions Pvt. Ltd. ............................... 49

K-Lite Industries......................................................... 20-21

Altanova India Private Limited.................................... GF-RS

Kusam Electrical Industries Ltd. .................................... 57

Cable & Wire Fair 2022 ................................................ 129

Maxwell Scientific Corporation ...................................... 95

Cambridge Instruments & Engineering Co. ..................

Mecc Alte India Pvt. Ltd. .............................................. P-07

Deif India Pvt. Ltd. ....................................................... 25

Mikrotek Machines Ltd. ................................................. IBC

Delta Electronics India Pvt. Ltd. .................................... 31

MultiPower Earthing Solutions Pvt. Ltd. ...................... 161

Dirak India Panel Fittings Pvt. Ltd. .............................

Newtronics Green Energy .............................................. 87

Eaton Power Quality India Pvt. Ltd. ............................. P-09

Next Gen Equipments Pvt. Ltd. ..................................... 173

Electrical Research and Development Association ......... P-01

OSH India Virtual Expo ................................................. 151

Fluke Technologies Pvt. Ltd. .........................................

Polycab India Limited ................................................... P-03

Gloster Cables Limited .................................................. 19

Phoenix Contact (India) Pvt. Ltd. ................................. 29

HARTING India Pvt. Ltd. ............................................... 143

Rohitra India pvt. Ltd. .................................................. 45

H.D. Wire Pvt. Ltd. ........................................................ 15

RR Kabel Limited .......................................................... 17

Himoinsa ........................................................................ 115

Shripat Tech-Innovation Corporation ............................ 23

Hitachi ABB Power Grids ............................................... BC

FLIR Systems India Pvt. Ltd. ......................................... IFC

IFSEC Virtual Expo 2021 ............................................... 133

Testo India Pvt. Ltd. ...................................................... 71

Inter-Tech ....................................................................... 159

The Motwane Manufacturing Co. Pvt. Ltd. ................... 61

Indian Energy Exchange ...............................................

Treflik solar ................................................................... 89

JinkoSolar Holding Co., Ltd.......................................... GF-LS

Wire India Expo 2021 ................................................... 175

KVTEK Power Systems Pvt. Ltd. ...................................

Wago Private Limited ................................................... P-05

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EVENT DIARY 12-15 August 2021

20-22 July 2021

Karnataka Trade Promotion Organisation, Bengaluru

www.indiaelectronicsweek.com

EFY Expo is the only event in India that focuses on prototyping and small-scale manufacturing solutions via manufacturing techniques like Rapid Prototyping, Desktop Manufacturing and the latest in Components. Prototyping equipment and desktop manufacturing equipment vendors have their very own show to reach out to engineering teams across India. EFY Expo also helps semiconductor vendors influence Design Engineers and ensures Design Ins and Design Wins for Component Suppliers from India and abroad.

27-29 Oct 2021

Elektrotec is one of the largest Electrical and Industrial Electronics sector trade event in India. The show registers high overall visitor figures and facilitates the smooth exchange of relevant business information among the participants. With wide global participation, it is an ideal platform to launch new products, invite enquiries and generate potential leads across the globe.

Bombay Exhibition Centre, MUMBAI www.oshindia.com

For more than 15 years, POWERGEN India has served as India's premier forum for the power generation industry. Attracting over 8,000 attendees, POWERGEN India covers all forms of power generation, from conventional to renewable energy and other low-carbon options. This leading forum is where the power industry can meet, share and discuss solutions for India's energy future.

1-3 March 2022

Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, India www.cablewirefair.com

Cable & Wire Fair (CWF) is now undisputed leading Indian event for the global wire & cable industry. The show is centered at creating a consensus-driven, growth-oriented stage for the wire and cable industry in India. The telecom and power networks act as the nerves and veins of today's societies where the most fundamental integrating elements are wires and cables.

ELECTRICAL MIR ROR

www.elektrotec.codissia.com

25-26 Nov 2021

IECC, PRAGATI MAIDAN www.powergen-india.com

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CODISSiA, Coimbatore, India

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South Asia’s largest occupational safety & health event, OSH India Expo brings together internationally renowned exhibitors, consultants, business experts and key government officials on an industry platform. The show facilitates exchanges of global best practices and seeks solutions for challenges in upholding workplace safety and health. The show witness safety professionals from across India.

19 – 21 May 2022

Bombay exhibition centre (BEC), Mumbai, India www.led-expo-mumbai.in LED Expo is India's only show covering the entire value chain of the LED industry. It has recognised the industry potential and has identified it as a futuristic technology which will take the lighting industry by storm. It has created a platform for its exhibitors and visitors to source and explore the latest in trend products and technologies from around the globe. Being the foremost and exclusive exhibition showcasing the strength of the Indian LED industry, it has become the maiden choice of the architects, interior designers, construction, real estate companies, builders, contractors etc. for sourcing the latest in trend products and technologies.

15-17 Sept 2021

India expo mart, greater Noida www.renewableenergyindiaexpo.com

The 14th edition of Renewable Energy India 2020 Expo observed a grand opening on the first day, with participation from leading international stakeholders and experts from across the globe at the India Expo Centre, Greater Noida. Over the years, REI has been established as the most comprehensive, reputed and Asia’s largest expo in this domain where the green community congregates to discuss the trends, addresses challenges and showcases the best and most innovative technological solutions available to overcome them.

16–18, Dec 2021

Bengaluru, India https://electronica-india.com/en/

Electronica India is the leading trade fair for electronic components, systems and applications in India. The fair is one of the most important industry gatherings for the electronics industry in Asia. The trade fair showcases products such as Semiconductors, Embedded systems, Displays and LED, Micro and nano systems, Sensor technology, Test and measurement, Passive components, PCBs, other circuit carriers and EMS.

23-25 Nov 2022 Mumbai, India www.wire-india.com

Wire India aims in bringing the economic development of India to higher summit and its objective has increased the importance of the show in all over the world. The participants are availed with incredible business opportunities which aid the exhibitors to establish their brand and advertise it to the worldwide market. Advanced range of products are demonstrated which has pulled the attention and investment of the foreign delegates as well. The exhibitors can also get into new partnership dealings with the attending companies.

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Tel+91-8042688999

Email - info@mikrotek.org

Improving network availability…

…through enhanced power quality.

ENHANCING POWER QUALITY FOR A STRONGER ELECTRICAL NETWORK. Power quality is key to improving grid availability and reliability. It enables the optimization of operating costs and secures grid code compliance. Power quality supports the integration of renewables into the grid and enhances energy efficiency, leading to lower carbon emissions and minimizing environmental impact. Hitachi ABB Power Grids is a technology leader with a wide range of products, systems and services that improve power quality including capacitors and filters, power electronics-based compensators and software solutions, across the power value chain for low, medium and high-voltage applications, helping to shape a stronger, smarter and greener grid. www.hitachiabb-powergrids.com

The Customer Connect Center Toll Free Number: 000 800 919 0400 I E-mail: power-grids@hitachi-powergrids.com

ABB is a registered trademark of ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd. Manufactured by/for a Hitachi Power Grids company.

EM July 2021

Articles inside

Breaker Failure Protection (50BF) in conjunction with “GOOSE communication system” in IEC 61850 Protocol

An earthing system comprises of protective earthing conductor

Understanding the Lightning for Protection