Erica Helms Environmental Planning Portfolio

Erica Helms

Environmental Planning Portfolio

Erica Helms ehelms2@uic.edu (980) 254- 0584

Table of Contents:

Section Introduction Experience Internship Theory of Change and Implementation Plan Case Study

Case Study

Comprehensive Plan Case Study Systems Modeling Community Profile

Title Meet Erica Helms Resumé and References Sustainability Fellow with the Village of Oak Park Equitable Housing Distribution Ordinance Improving Oyster Shell Recycling and Reef Restoration in North Carolina Coastal Dredging, Beach Renourishment, and Soil Contamination in Southeastern North Carolina The Village of Melrose Park 2040 Metro Manila and its Sprawling Peri-Urban Fringe Acid Rain Niles, Illinois

Page Number(s) 3 4-5 6-9 10-14 15-18

19-22

23-27 28-30 31-33 34-37

Introduction Meet erica Helms Erica is originally from North Carolina and grew up traveling from coast to coast with her family. She has spent the last decade exploring and researching the Greak Lakes region. These experiences have formed a deep passion for coastal zone management, ecology, geology, and planning.

Her background in environmental science, waste diversion, and urban agriculture has paved a path of sustainability and stewardship. She favors action oriented, inclusive, and equitable policies that are founded from the bottom up.

Her professional goals include mitigating environmental problems with innovative solutions and protecting our vulnerable coastal communities for future generations.

This portfolio showcases Erica’s research and allows her to give explicit detail on how each project has shaped her environmental planning career.

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

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Erica Helms Environmental Planner ericajhelms@gmail.com (980) 254-0584

Education

• University of Illinois Chicago

August 2019 - December 2021 Masters of Urban Planning and Policy (Environmental Planning)

• University of North Carolina Wilmington

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Bachelor of Science, Environmental Science (Physical Science) French Minor

Skills

• Urban Forestry Maintenance - Certified TreeKeeper with OpenLands.

• Outreach and Education - Associate Board Member with Advocates for Urban Agriculture (AUA).

-Communication Committee with Illinois Recycling Association and Federation (IRA/IRF).

• Data Analysis and Reporting - ArcMap; Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint; Adobe Illustrator, InDesign, and Photoshop; Insight Maker; ICLEI ClearPath; and EnergyStar.

• Copy Editing and Fact Checking - Research Assistant at UIC. • Meeting Facilitation - Environment and Energy Commission with the Village of Oak Park - NOAA Facilitation Basics for Coastal Managers Training.

Memberships

Work Experience

Village of Oak Park (Oak Park, IL)

Sustainability Fellow - July 2021-Present - Gathering and analyzing data, identifying gaps and trends, and making recommendations related to baseline performance and structure.

- Developing data-driven best practices and providing data entry, technical calculations, reporting, energy analysis, and general support for the Village’s climate initiatives related to energy and sustainability.

- Establishing the annual process including sources and contacts to collect the GHG granular data needed to maintain the integrity and accuracy of Oak Park’s GHG Inventory.

Apologue Liqueurs (Chicago, IL)

Community Coordiantor - May 2018-Present - Production of all natural, non-GMO, liqueurs with ingredients sourced from local farms.

- Developing value-added relationships with bars, restaurants, and retailers.

-Traveling internationally to develop new products and engage with partners.

- Lead engagement for Apologue community-driven events and volunteer days in the Chicagoland community.

-Cocktail class content creator and instructor.

Clean Vibes (Various Locations)

Supervisor - June 2011-Present - Managing event recycling programs.

- Leading crews of staff, volunteers, and temp workers to keep the site clean and organized.

- Providing outreach and education to the public.

- Processing and sorting recyclable, compostable and landfill waste material.

- Coordinating with multiple departments and municipalities, driving company vehicles, and working around heavy machinery.

• SWANA, APA, and IRA/IRF

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

References Dr. Ning Ai Academic Advisor University of Illinois Chicago 412 N Peoria St. Room 258 Chicago, IL 60607 (312) 413-9786 ain@uic.edu

Ms. Mindy Agnew Sustainability Coordinator Village of Oak Park, IL 123 Madison St. Oak Park, IL 60302 (708) 358.5778 Magnew@oak-park.us

Mr. Robert Haynes Founder Apologue Liqueurs 400 E Margaret St Thornton, IL 60476 (919) 632-6418 rhaynes@apologueliqueurs.com

Ms. Anna Borofsky Founder Clean Vibes Recycling PO Box 1268 Marion, NC 28752 (828) 738-3817 annab@cleanvibes.com Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

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Internship- Sustainability Fellow with the Village of Oak Park

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

At the Village of Oak Park I gained valuable hands on experience and aided municipal staff at the Village Manager’s Office and the Board of Trustees in working towards their sustainability goals. I made networking connections with community organizations and learned the inner mechanisms of local government by attending committee meetings, taking official minutes, drafting research memos, and training in office protocols such as FOIA requests.

The most significant project that I worked on for my internship was the 2020 Greenhouse Gas Inventory using the ICLEI ClearPath platform. I worked closely with staff from the Public Works department and local utilities such as ComEd, Nicor, and MWRD to collect and analyze large amounts of emissions data, perform the required calculations, and enter the data into the ClearPath system. I created a detailed project log, contact list, and Excel spreadsheet to aid in the development of future GHG inventories and provide a traceable procedure for audits and fact checking.

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These inventories are not yet final, but will be used in the planning process for a Sustainability/Climate Action and Resiliency Plan (S/CARP) that is currently being created with the help of a consulting firm hired by the Village.

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

I worked with the Oak Park Sustainability Coordinators and a marketing firm to launch a campaign focused on increasing awareness and participation in the Village’s energy efficiency grant programs.

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The “Better Homes, Better Planet” campaign is designed to reach residents that have inquiries about how to obtain funding for home retrofits, weatherization, and renewable energy sources (i.e. home solar and geothermal). These programs help residents save money on their energy bills and reduce their individual impacts on the environment (residential energy emissions are the largest sector in the 2020 VOP GHG inventory). I helped direct the marketing firm in using climate data and language that is specific to the Midwest and Oak Park region. I also provided feedback on the design of the website (sustainoakpark.com) and all of the associated creative deliverables. Witnessing this campaign from its initial concept to the final launch has taught me so much about community outreach and education and the results that can be achieved.

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

I worked with local organizations and Village staff to ensure that native nectar plants were included at a recent bioswale development near the Public Works building. I was able to get this native garden certified as a Monarch Waystation, thus fulfilling the Mayor’s Monarch Pledge. This project is also tied to a 2022 board goal from the Board of Trustees to “report on status of community gardens and pollinator gardens in our Village.”

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Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

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Theory of Change and Implementation PlanEquitable Housing Distribution Ordinance

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

This project aims to combat NIMBYism and racial segregation in Chicago by addressing the inequitable distribution of affordable housing across the city. I worked with three peers to research exisitng affordable housing policies around the globe and create the Equitable Housing Distribution Ordinance (EHDO). Our report outlines the history of this important issue, the stakeholders involved, the implementation plan, enforcement of the ordinance, CRNY\c YO 2RJXQN and the desired outcomes.

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Chicago mirrors much of the nation in that it lacks affordable housing. As of 2018 Chicago had 31 units per 100 rental units designated for Extremely Low Income (ELI) renters where rents are 30% of the area median income (AMI), 3S]^\SK_^SYX YO 0ňY\MJKVN 7Y_]SXQ compared to the national total of 36 units.

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Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

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We propose setting the target for each Chicago neighborhood to have 40 units per 100 ELI at 30% AMI, and 65 units per 100 households at 50% AMI.

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If neighborhoods fail to adhere to theses affordable housing requirements the residents will be assessed a fee until their community achieves compliance.This fee will consist of a scaled increase in effective property tax depending on the units of affordable housing in each community. Conversely, neighborhoods that meet or exceed this optimal affordable housing metric will receive a reduction of effective property taxes.

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

We selected 3 Chicago communities that represent a range of income and affordability levels to apply our ordinance and visualize the results. I created a map using data from the Chicago Open Data Portal to highlight Englewood Uptown, and Lincoln Park.

We can see that they have very different amounts of affordable housing and poverty levels.

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

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This chart below breaks the monetary mechanism of EHDO. We found the median property tax and effective tax rates for each community and applied the appropriate tax increase or decrease based on the ordinance. The savings in Englewood remain with the homeowners, while the funds generated in Lincoln Park and Uptown go to supporting affordable housing developments and programs throughout the city.

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The implementation and enforcement of EHDO will provide an equitable and inclusive tool for increasing the amount of affordable housing units throughout the city of Chicago and balance the distribution of units to ensure diversity in every community. While incentivizing resident behavioral changes, the ordinance will also fund government agencies and organizations that reduce obstacles for low income residents.

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

Case StudyImproving Oyster Shell Recycling and reef restoration in north Carolina

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

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This project involves two major passions of mine, coastal zone management and waste diversion. I examined Oyster Shell Recycling programs in a cities with similarities to my study area and developed a policy recommendation for North Carolina. This paper has a focus on enforcement and environmental economics.

The tidewater region on the southeastern coast of North Carolina is home to a plethora of vibrant coastal communities and diverse ecosystems, including estuaries and shellfish harvesting areas.

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While the state is not quite notorious for their oyster production (like the nearby Chesapeake Bay or Gulf of Mexico), the North Carolina Coastal Federation has proclaimed their goal to become the “Napa Valley of Oysters’’. This statement reflects the organization’s intentions to utilize holistic and environmentally friendly techniques for managing the state’s oyster growth, harvest, shell disposal, and reef restoration.

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

Socioeconomic Analysis By using the benefit transfer approach and analysis of a 2011 study by Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, it is confirmed that the positive impacts of oyster shell recycling far outweigh those of other disposal options. In this case, the alternative is to simply throw the spent shells into a landfill. The coastal region of Texas (TX) is well known for gulf oyster production, so this research method can be a useful tool for other harvesting areas. Although in comparison, North Carolina has a higher number of growing sites and better overall conditions for shellfish aquaculture.

This could lead to even more benefits for all stakeholders.

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

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Strategies and Interventions A policy intervention that could increase participation is the implementation of an official Oyster Shell Enforcement Agency. The enforcement officers would work under the Department of Natural Resources or the Health Department. Development of this type of agency has the potential to generate revenue through citations and provide incentives for investment in infrastructure. Municipalities that utilize this strategy will serve as role models for other communities that are also restricted by landfill bans, but do not currently offer disposal alternatives.

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Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

Case Study- Coastal Dredging, Beach Renourishment, and Soil Contamination in Southeastern North Carolina

This project addresses an environmental problem in the tidewater region of North Carolina. The area has experienced decades of industrial and agricultural pollution that has seeped into the soil and poisoned waterways.

Periodic coastal dredging and renourishiment operations are putting residents at risk. The goal of this paper is to expose the potential dangers and offer alternative methods to stabilize the shoreline, mitigate the pollution, and protect the community.

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Table of Contents I.

Introduction and Purpose pg. 3

II.

Study Area: Masonboro Inlet and Island Reserve pg. 3-5

III.

Overview of Shoreline Maintenance Processes pg.6-9

IV.

Current Conditions and Relevant Policies pg. 9-11

V.

Potential Dangers of Coastal Dredging pg. 11-14

VI.

Stakeholders pg. 15-16

VII.

Alternatives pg. 16-18

VIII.

Conclusion and Recommendations pg. 18-20

IX.

Sources pg. 21-22

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

V. Current Conditions and Relevant Policies There are many past and recent policies that address shoreline protection and maintenance in North Carolina. These include: ● Federal Water Pollution Control Act (1948). ● North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act (1974). ● The Clean Water Act (1972). ● North Carolina Coastal Resources Commission ban of the use of hard structures (1985). ● United States Army Corps of Engineers Wrightsville Beach Validation Study (2019). ● Water Resources Development Act (2020). ● Proposal to build terminal groin on Topsail Island (2020). ● North Carolina National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan (2020-2025).

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

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Planners should prioritize using alternative shoreline stabilization methods such as living shorelines and geotubes to strengthen coastlines and restore natural processes. Oyster reefs and vegetative zones can also help to filter harmful pollutants from the water and prevent future sediment contamination. Implementing these inexpensive and sustainable strategies could allocate funds for additional coastal restoration needs, research projects, or community outreach and engagement.

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

Comprehensive PlanMelrose Park 2040 23 .

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

This project provided hands on experience with examining the social, economic, and environmental demographics of a municipality and developing a document that fosters a shared vision for the future. I worked with a large team of peers and stakeholders to create a 2040 Comprehensive Plan and set of recommendations for Melrose Park. My contribution was collaborative creation of the vision statement and sole creation of Chapter 5, Natural Resources and Hazards.

2040

MP Village of Melrose Park

The Village of Melrose Park is located within suburban Cook County, twelve miles west of the City of Chicago. In the next century, Melrose Park will face many challenges to remain a community that is welcoming to immigrants and industrial employers.

Comprehensive Plan

Published April 2020

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In 2040,

Melrose Park will continue to thrive as an industrious community that centers its residents by investing in their growth, preserving their culture, and sustaining their environment & well-being.

Melrose Park will achieve this vision by first taking a resident-centered approach to planning, as the needs of community members must be given the same level of importance as that of industry. The prioritization of inclusive growth will further this vision by expanding industry and business in Melrose Park while also enhancing safeguards, job training, and educational opportunities for residents. Similarly, Melrose Park should embrace and emphasize the diverse cultures and immigrant heritage of its residents while preserving its legacy as an industrial suburb. And lastly, Melrose Park should sustain the well-being of its residents by remedying the harmful environmental effects of manufacturing and industry while best utilizing its natural resources.

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INTRODUCTION

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

5

Des Plaines River. Photo by Kazuya Kawamura

In 2040, Melrose Park will sustainably manage its natural resources, expand access to green space and parks, and reduce environmental stress related to flooding, pollution, and climate change.

OBJECTIVES AND RECOMMENDATIONS

In order for Melrose Park to continue to thrive into the future and support the well-being of its residents, the Village must make concerted efforts to protect and sustainably manage its valuable green space, parks, waterways, and air quality. This section assesses the current conditions of Melrose Park’s natural resources and hazards and makes recommendations for how to address challenges and capitalize on opportunities to improve these environmental assets for the local community and broader region.

Parks and Green Space

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The industrial heritage of Melrose Park is undeniably important for economic growth of the community and remains a key part of the Village’s history. However, it seems that the amount of industrial land use compared to open space is currently out of balance, casuing this could be causing problems for residents. Out of the 4.24 square miles in Melrose Park, 25.9% of land is allocated for industry. This is more than double the average for eight surrounding municipalities (11.1%).1 Conversely, only 1.8% of land is allocated for open space (compared to average 7.9% in neighboring communities). As mentioned in the Economic Development section, Melrose Park is a major employment center. The Village stands to benefit from balancing economic opportunities with a quality environment.

Access to a sufficient quantity of parks and green space is an important factor in maintaining the health and well-being of the community. These natural resources improve air quality, provide shade, offer less crowded and quiet places, provide visual stimulation against urban landscapes, absorb stormwater runoff, serve as meeting places, and restore blighted neighborhoods.

There are also methods for measuring the economic value of parks and green space. Most homebuyers are willing to pay a premium for a location with physical and/or visual access to open space and the education and recreational benefits that they provide. Increases in property values around parks lead to increases in the amount of property tax revenue that the local government receives from its residents. Net gains to the city’s annual income means that parks and green spaces could ultimately pay for their own implementation and maintenance.

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

1 Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning. (2013). Parcel-Based Land Use Inventory.

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VILLAGE OF MELROSE PARK COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

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Community gardens offer many opportunities for education and training, as well as physical activity. Participants learn important skills such as garden design and management, fundraising and marketing, program development and coalition building, as well as carpentry and horticulture techniques. Moderate to high physical activities are also associated with gardening, these include: digging, raking, weeding, mulching, hoeing, sowing seeds, harvesting, watering, mixing growing mediums, and replanting transplants. In addition to sites for growing food and flowers, gardens are seen as cultural and social neighborhood centers, where people go to meet with friends, family, neighbors, newcomers, and visitors. People of all ages can get together, sometimes on a daily basis, to play games, relax, exercise, cook and share food, chat, and find out what is going on in the community. Today community gardens also appeal to newly arrived immigrants, who use them to help maintain cultural traditions, preserve heritage, and pass on skills to their children. This could be very important for the thriving Hispanic population which currently makes up over 70% of Melrose Park residents.

Gardeners generally seek to improve health and wellness, practice environmental stewardship, build relationships with neighbors, and organize around other neighborhood issues and needs. Urban gardening is an effective tool for crime reduction, community empowerment, and promotion of civic participation. A study in Denver, CO found that each new community garden contributed to residents’ increased perception of neighborhood safety and a reduction in violent and non-violent crime. Involvement in community gardens can also help neighborhoods to analyze their own problems, take action to improve economic, social, cultural, or environmental conditions, and can create a feeling of being part of society as a whole.

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These spaces also serve as much more than inexpensive places to gather and relax.

Community gardens have unique plants and structures that reflect the culture, creativity, and aesthetics of the members. These personalized, independently-created, and constantly changing participatory landscapes contrast sharply with the more uniform and refined aesthetics of institutionalized landscapes, such as city parks.

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Photo Source: https://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/news.detail.html/content/ Pages/news/us/en/2012/Aug/0801_urbangarden.html

VILLAGE OF MELROSE PARK COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

Recommended Zones for Adding Green Space

(1) Recommended zone for planting trees in west Melrose Park

Recommendations for green space near Lake ST: (2) Community garden in Westlake Hospital underused parking lot; and (3) Pocket parks in residential zones according to Lake ST Plan

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

OBJECTIVES AND RECOMMENDATIONS

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Pollution and Flooding Hazards Perhaps the most valuable natural asset and recreational amenity in Melrose Park is the Des Plaines River, which borders the Village to the east. However, in 2016 the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) determined the water quality of the Des Plaines River is impaired for use by aquatic life, fish, consumption, primary contact, and recreation.2 The EPA identified several reasons for this impairment, including atmospheric deposition, channelization, combined sewer overflows, municipal point source discharges, and urban runoff/storm sewers. The majority of Melrose Park lies within the Lower Des Plaines River watershed and, as such, is contributing to this impairment through the deposition of air pollution, stormwater runoff, and combined sewer overflows.

Air pollution is an unfortunate byproduct of the vast amount of industrial and transportation land use in Melrose Park. In the US EPA’s 2014 National Emissions Inventory database, Melrose Park had 10 documented point sources of air pollution that emitted 403 total tons of pollutants.3 Stormwater is an issue for water quality because rainwater picks up pollutants like oils, road salt, pesticides, and fertilizers as it flows across streets, sidewalks, and lawns. It also contributes to flooding, as impervious surfaces prevent rain and snowmelt from soaking into the ground and cause stormwater to pool in neighborhoods and funnel quickly into storm drains. In Melrose Park, these storm drains are connected to the sewer systems that carry wastewater from homes and businesses. This combined sewer system is frequently overwhelmed during storm events, causing sewage backups in homes and overflows of untreated sewage and stormwater into the river. In addition to the Des Plaines River, Silver Creek and Addison Creek run through Melrose Park. The flood plains for all three of these water bodies place homes and property in those areas at risk for flood damage. As shown in Map 1 (right), business owners and residents in West Melrose Park are particularly vulnerable to this flood risk.

Map 1:

Areas in Melrose Park Vulnerable to Flood Risk

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Recommendation 12 Section 303(d) List (2016).

2 Integrated Water Quality Report and 3 https://edap.epa.gov/public/extensions/nei_report_2014/dashboard.html#point-db Explore tree planting and beautification initiatives.

Melrose Park residents are affected by the urban heat island effect and

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OBJECTIVES RECOMMENDATIONS air AND pollution with medium- and long-term impacts on their health. Many

cities around the U.S. are implementing the “Million Trees” initiative to reduce these health impacts.

As mentioned above, the EPA has documented 12 point sources of air pollution in 2014 in Melrose Park. According to the Planting Healthy Air report, trees are known to filter out fine particulate matter (PM). PM is also called “particle pollution” and can contain microscopic solids or liquids that, when inhaled, lead to serious health problems.

While there has not yet been an assessment of impact on residential areas, priority should be to assess the lower income residential areas of Melrose Park. A study from the University of California stated that climate change disproportionately affects the poor and minorities in the United States.

The western area of Melrose Park has the lowest income for the residential areas.. These areas are surrounded by industry, making them optimal starting points for tree planting initiatives.

Tree planting initiatives are great tools for beautification of retail and commercial corridors as well. Improving the health and visual aspects of these areas can boost economic development. It is proven that trees and green infrastructure can be effective in lowering temperature, reducing energy costs and enhancing property valuesX.

Des Plaines River Bridge. Photo by Kazuya Kawamura

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

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VILLAGE OF MELROSE PARK COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

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Case StudyMetro Manila and its Sprawling Peri-urban fringe

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

This project involved research into global urbanization and rapid development.

I worked with a small team of peers to uncover the emerging patterns and planning issues associated with urban sprawl in Metro Manila, Philippines. My contribution to this case study was development of the Background section and sole creation of the section on Environment.

Manila Mega-Urban Region: an analysis of Metro Manila and its Sprawling Peri-Urban Fringe

Table of Contents

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Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

Systems Modeling- Acid Rain 31 .

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

Acid rain has been a persistent and transboundary issue for decades.

Effective solutions have been implemented in the US, but countries that are actively urbanizing still struggle with the negative effects. This project uses systems modeling techniques to determine the most appropriate solutions for these areas.

The Flying Goose Model shows the progression of urban development throughout Asia. I compared acid rain mitigation methods from these countries, as well as Poland and the United States (i.e. electronic beam accelerators, cap and trade systems, and policies such as the Gothenburg Protocol).

32 .

This stock and flow model of the acid rain system allows decision-makers to identify the optimal ratio of reduction rate to implementation cost for their municipality’s specific GDP. Tools like this make it easier to see the interconnections and possibilities for solving important global environmental problems.

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

33 .

This causal loop diagram showing that awareness is an important leverage point that leads to implementation of mitigation methods and overall balancing of the acid rain system.

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

Community Profile- Niles, IL 34 .

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

This project provides an in depth look at the Village of Niles, Illinois. I used data analysis techiniques to determine trends in population, land use, and employment. I was able to visit the community to perform a street survey and research their history. I then formulated recommendations for future develoment and investment in the Village.

Village of Niles • • • • •

5.85 Square Miles Settled on Potawatomi land in the 1830’s Sits on the northwestern border of Chicago Incorporated in 1850 Population of 29,184 (2018 Census)

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Age

Niles, Illinois 2030 Population Pyramid 85+ 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 1,500

1,000

500

0

500

Number of Residents Males

Females

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

1,000

1,500

36 .

Land Use Other Commercial Industrial Institutional Multi-Family Residence Open Space Single Family Residence Transportation or Utility Vacant Total

Frequency

Percent 59 174 63 46 104 39 428 27 25 965

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

6% 18% 7% 5% 11% 4% 44% 3% 3% 100%

37 .

Recommendations • Implement more accessible bus and train routes to increase mobility.

• Continue to redevelop and annex unincorporated areas for expected population growth.

• Maintain social resources for seniors and aging population.

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.

Thank you!

38 .

Please contact Erica Helms for additional questions or to request full documents.

Erica Helms - ehelms2@uic.edu - (980) 254-0584.