5 The Verb
5.4.
INDICATIVE
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Indikatiboa
In En glish there are diverse forrns to express the different verb tenses of the indieative form, for example: I am, I was going, I have been/gone, I went, I will go. . . In Euskara dif ferent tenses ean also be expressed, but the system is not the same as in English. The auxiliary verbs in the indieative ean take two forms: a) b)
Present Past
: naiz, zait, dut, diot : nintzen, zitzaidan, nuen, nion ••.
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On the other hand, the principal verb ean take three differerit forrns in the indieative: I . Perfeet 2 . Simple 3. Future
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-T(Z)EN -KO (-GO)
: etoRRI, apurTU, egin, esan, ikusI : etorTZEN, apurTZEN, egiTEN, esaTEN : etorriKO, apurtuKO, eginGO, esanGO •••
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The diverse verb tenses emerge fTOm the eombination of these forms. Here are the verb tenses of the indicative whieh are known as eompound tenses:
Present I . Present Perfectl Near Past 2 . Present Progressive 3. Simp le Presentl
Present Habitual 4. Simple Future
Past 1 . Past Perfeetl Remote Past 2. Past Progressive 3. Simple Pastl
Past Habitual 4. Future in the past
joan_ jan_ DOA jaTEN ARI joaTEN jaTEN joanGO janGO
joan j an_ ZIHOAN jaTEN ARI joaTEN jaTEN joanGO janGO
DA DU DA DA DU DA DU
ZEN ZUEN ZEN ZEN ZUEN ZEN ZUEN
: : : : : : : :
shelhe has gone shelhe has eaten shelhe is going she/he is eating she/he usually goes shelhe usually eats she/he will go shelhe wil l eat
: : : : : : : :
shelhe went she/he ate she/he was going shelhe was eating she/he usually went she/he usually ate she/he was going to go she/he was going to eat
The top half of the table presents the tenses made with the present ten se auxiliary, and the lower half of the table presents the tenses made with the past tense auxiliary. There are however, some irregularities: Where do doa, zihoan, jaten ari da and jaten ari zen eome from?
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