500 common business verbs by Andrew D. Miles Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
500 Business Verbs Copy right by And re w D. M il es, Ba rcel ona , 2007. All rights rese rved . No pa rt of this p ubl ica tion may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitte d, in any form without written authorization from the author. Cove r p hotograp h by And re w D. M iles
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Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
amortize or amortise amortizar, depreciar
A
amount sumar abandon abandonar
analyse analizar
abate 1. suprimir 2. rebajar
announce anunciar
abrogate revocar, rescindir absorb absorber accelerate acelerar, adelantar accept aceptar
appeal apelar appoint designar, nombrar apportion asignar, repartir, prorratear appraise 1. tasar, valorar, valuar 2. evaluar 3. peritar
accrue 1. acumular 2. devengar, periodificar
appreciate apreciar, valorizar
accumulate acumular acquire adquirir
arrange compaginar, organizar, ordenar
add 1. sumar 2. agregar
assign asignar, adjudicar, traspasar
adjourn retrasar, aplazar
attach 1. adjuntar, anexar 2. embargar, incautar, decomisar
adjust 1. ajustar 2. liquidar administer administrar, gestionar, dirigir
approve aprobar
attend asistir, atender attest certificar, atestar
administrate administrar, gestionar, dirigir
authenticate autentificar, autenticar, refrendar
advertise anunciar, publicitar
authorize or authorise autorizar, habilitar, acreditar
advise 1. asesorar, aconsejar 2. avisar affiliate afiliar age clasificar segĂşn antigĂźedad, anticuar agree acordar, pactar, convenir aid ayudar, subvencionar
automate automatizar, sistematizar award 1. adjudicar 2. conceder, otorgar
B
allocate asignar, afectar, distribuir
back respaldar
allot asignar, dotar
back up 1. hacer copias de seguridad 2. respaldar
allow 1. permitir 2. reservar 3. descontar alter alterar
balance balancear, cuadrar, saldar
amalgamate fusionar, amalgamar
bargain 1. regatear 2. pactar
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barter permutar, canjear
catalogue or catalog catalogar
bear devengar, rendir, producir, redituar
centralize or centralise centralizar certify certificar
benefit beneficiar
change cambiar
bequeath legar
cheapen abaratar
berth atracar amarrar
claim reclamar, demandar
bid ofrecer, pujar (en una licitaci贸n, concurso, subasta, etc.)
classify clasificar
bill facturar
close cerrar, cesar, clausurar coadministrate coadministrar
block bloquear, congelar, inmovilizar board embarcar
code codificar codify codificar coin acu帽ar
bond caucionar book 1. reservar 2. asentar bottle embotellar
coinsure coasegurar collect cobrar, recaudar collocate colocar
boycott boicotear break even 1. llegar al punto de equilibrio 2. estar en una situaci贸n en que los gastos son iguales que los ingresos break up 1. separar, dividir 2. desguazar
comanage coadministrar, codirigir combine combinar, consolidar, mancomunar commercialize or commercialise comercializar
bribe sobornar
commission comisionar, dar en comisi贸n, encargar
budget presupuestar
communicate comunicar
buy comprar
compensate 1. compensar 2. indemnizar
C
compete competir complain quejarse, reclamar compound combinar
calculate calcular
compute computar, calcular
call llamar, convocar cancel cancelar, anular, rescindir cannibalize or cannibalise canibalizar capitalize or capitalise capitalizar
conceal ocultar condone condonar confiscate confiscar, decomisar, comisar, incautar
carry transportar
conform conformar, aprobar, autorizar
cast 1. fundir 2. colar, vaciar
consign consignar
Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
consolidate consolidar, fusionar
defalcate desfalcar
consume consumir
defer diferir, aplazar
contract contratar
deflate deflactar deforest deforestar
contribute contribuir, aportar control controlar convey 1. transportar 2. transferir, traspasar
defraud defraudar, estafar delay retrasar, atrasar delegate delegar
coordinate coordinar
delete borrar
copy copiar
deliver remitir, enviar, expedir, despachar
corner monopolizar, acaparar cost costar, valer
demonetize or demonetise desmonetizar
counsel asesorar, aconsejar
demote degradar
count contar, arquear counterbid contraofertar
denationalize or denationalise desnacionalizar
counteroffer contraofertar
deplete agotar
credit abonar, acreditar, imputar, registrar en el haber
deregulate liberalizar, desregular
cumulate acumular
design dise単ar
customize or customise personalizar
devaluate devaluar
cut cortar, rebajar
devalue devaluar, desvalorizar
derive derivar
deviate desviar
D
digitalize or digitalise digitalizar digitize or digitise digitalizar
damage da単ar, averiar
dilute diluir
date 1. fechar, poner fecha, datar 2. citar
diminish disminuir, mermar, decrecer
deal traficar, tratar, comerciar
direct dirigir, administrar
decapitalize or decapitalise descapitalizar
disburse desembolsar
decentralize or desentralise descentralizar
dismiss despedir
decide decidir
display exhibir, mostrar dispossess desahuciar, desalojar
declare declarar decode descifrar, descodificar decree decretar
disconnect desconectar
dissolve disolver, liquidar distribute distribuir, repartir divest desinvertir
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dock atracar
exchange cambiar, intercambiar
document documentar
execute ejecutar
draft 1. realizar en borrador, hacer un esquema 2. delinear, dibujar
exhibit exhibir, exponer
draw 1. dibujar 2. girar, librar 3. retirar 4. devengar, producir
expand expandir expire 1. caducar 2. vencer, prescribir exploit explotar
E
expose exponer expropriate expropiar
earn 1. ganar, percibir 2. devengar, producir
extend 1. extender, ampliar 2. conceder
economize or economise economizar, ahorrar
extract extraer, resumir
edit corregir un texto, redactar embargo embargar
extrapolate extrapolar
employ emplear
F
empower delegar poder, conceder poder, facultar, capacitar, potenciar, habilitar
fabricate fabricar
enclose adjuntar encode cifrar, codificar encumber gravar, afectar endorse endosar, avalar, respaldar enlarge ampliar enrol or enroll 1. v.t. inscribir, matricular, registrar 2. v.i. inscribirse, matricularse, registrarse. enter registrar, asentar, apuntar, inscribir erase borrar
fail 1. fracasar, fallar 2. quebrar fall bajar, caer fall behind atrasarse. fall due vencer file archivar finance financiar fine multar fire despedir flop fallar, fracasar flow fluir fluctuate fluctuar, variar
erode erosionar establish establecer
fold 1. cerrar o cesar operaciones 2. plegar, doblar
estimate presupuestar, tasar, valorar, estimar
foreclose ejecutar
evade evadir
forge falsificar found 1. fundar 2. fundir
evaluate evaluar examine examinar, revisar
fragment fragmentar
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franchise dar en concesi贸n o franquicia, franquiciar free liberar freeze bloquear, inmovilizar, congelar function funcionar
indemnify indemnizar, compensar index indexar indorse endosar. industrialize or industrialise industrializar inflate inflar
G
inform informar inherit heredar
gain 1. incrementar, aumentar 2. beneficiarse graduate 1. v.t. graduar 2. v.t. escalonar 3. v.i. graduarse, recibirse, licenciarse, obtener el t铆tulo universitario grant 1. otorgar, conceder 2. donar grow crecer
inject inyectar input ingresar
J join 1. v.i. incorporarse, asociarse, unirse, hacerse socio, afiliarse 2. v.t. unir, juntar
guarantee garantizar, avalar guard custodiar, cuidar, vigilar
K key teclear
H
L
harvest cosechar hedge proteger, cubrir
label etiquetar, rotular
help ayudar highlight resaltar, destacar hoard acaparar, acopiar hold tener, poseer hypothecate hipotecar, pignorar
I
labour or labor 1. trabajar, laborar land 1. aterrizar 2. desembarcar lapse prescribir, vencer, caducar launch lanzar launder blanquear, lavar, hacer aflorar lead liderar, dirigir legalize or legalise legalizar
import importar
lend prestar
impose imponer
let arrendar, alquilar
increase aumentar, incrementar
limit limitar
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navigate navegar
link enlazar, vincular
negotiate negociar
liquidate liquidar
nominate nominar, nombrar, designar
load cargar loan prestar
note anotar, apuntar
log registrar
notice avisar, notificar
lose perder
notify notificar nullify anular, invalidar
M
O
maintain mantener make hacer manage gestionar, administrar, dirigir
object oponerse, objetar occupy ocupar
manufacture fabricar, manufacturar
offer ofrecer, ofertar
mark 1. marcar 2. poner nota, calificar
offshore| deslocalizar
offset balancear, compensar
mature vencer, caducar measure. medir merchandise comercializar merge fusionar, consolidar, amalgamar mint acuĂąar misappropriate malversar
open abrir operate operar optimize or optimise optimizar organize or organise organizar outlay desembolsar overcapitalize or overcapitalise sobrecapitalizar
mix mezclar
overdraw girar en descubierto, sobregirar
monopolize or monopolise monopolizar
overload sobrecargar
mortgage hipotecar
overproduce sobreproducir overstate sobretasar, sobrevalorar
multiply multiplicar
overtrade comprar o vender en demasĂa, comprometerse a comprar o vender mĂĄs de lo que se puede afrontar
N name nombrar, nominar, designar nationalize or nationalise nacionalizar
overvaluate sobrevaluar overvalue sobrevalorar, sobrevaluar, sobretasar
Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
P
2.
print imprimir
pack 1. empaquetar, embalar 2. envasar
v.t.
private privado, particular privatize or privatise privatizar process procesar
participate participar pass 1. v.i. aprobar 2. pasar
preestrenar, avanzar
transferir,
procure comprar, adquirir, obtener
pawn empe単ar
produce 1. producir 2. redituar, rendir, devengar
pay back devolver, reembolsar
profit ganar, beneficiarse.
pay in 1. pagar, desembolsar 2. depositar, ingresar pay out pagar, desembolsar pay up pagar una deuda, pagar por completo, cancelar
program or programme programar promote 1. promover, fomentar, promocionar 2. ascender, promocionar prorate prorratear protest protestar
pension jubilar perform rendir, desempe単arse, funcionar, actuar place colocar, posicionar plan planificar plough back or plow back reinvertir plough into or plow into invertir polish pulir poll sondear, encuestar pollute contaminar position posicionar, colocar possess poseer
publish publicar purchase comprar purvey suministrar, proveer
Q quote 1. cotizar 2. ofertar, presupuestar
R
post 1. enviar por correo 2. asentar, registrar 3. anunciar, publicar
raise 1. aumentar, incrementar 2. recaudar
postpone posponer, prorrogar, aplazar
rate 1. calificar, evaluar 2. tasar, valorar
power propulsar
rationalize or rationalise racionalizar
prefabricate prefabricar
reacquire readquirir, recomprar
prefinance prefinanciar
readjust reajustar
preliminary preliminar
recapitalize or recapitalise recapitalizar
prescribe prescribir preview 1. ver previamente
reconcile conciliar, reconciliar
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record 1. registrar, asentar 2. grabar recover recuperar, rescatar recruit reclutar, contratar
restate 1. redefinir 2. tasar o valorar de nuevo, actualizar restrict restringir restructure reestructurar, reconvertir
recycle reciclar redeploy reubicar, recolocar rediscount redescontar reduce reducir, rebajar reexport reexportar
result resultar retain retener revaluate revaluar revalue revaluar reverse invertir, revertir
refinance refinanciar reimburse reintegrar, reembolsar reimport reimportar
revise revisar revoke revocar rise aumentar, incrementar, alzar
reinsure reasegurar release 1. liberar 2. estrenar, lanzar
risk arriesgar
relocate reubicar, recolocar
robotize or robotise instalar robots, robotizar
remit remitir, remesar
rotate rotar, girar
remunerate remunerar
round off redondear
render rendir, presentar, exponer
rule dictaminar, fallar
renegotiate renegociar
run 1. v.t. dirigir, administrar, gestionar, manejar 2. v.t. poner en funcionamiento, hacer funcionar 3. v.t. ejecutar 4. v.i. funcionar
renew renovar reorganize or reorganise reorganizar repay reintegrar, devolver, reembolsar replace 1. reemplazar, sustituir 2. reponer reply responder
save 1. ahorrar, economizar 2. salvar 3. guardar
represent representar reproduce reproducir reprogram reprogramar repurchase recomprar request solicitar, pedir rescind rescindir rescue rescatar
S schedule planificar, programar, proyectar seal sellar second secundar segment segmentar segregate segregar, separar
reserve reservar
seize secuestrar, confiscar, decomisar, embargar, incautar
resign renunciar
sell off liquidar
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send enviar, remitir
subcontract subcontratar
settle 1. acordar, fijar 2. saldar, liquidar, cancelar
sublease subalquilar, subarrendar sublet subalquilar, subarrendar
settle up saldar cuentas, pagar
subscribe suscribir
share participar, compartir
subtract restar, deducir
ship remitir, despachar
sue demandar
shop comprar
sum sumar, totalizar
shorthand taquigrafiar
summon convocar, citar, emplazar
show mostrar, exponer, exhibir
supervise supervisar
smuggle contrabandear sort clasificar
supply abastecer, aprovisionar, suministrar
specialize or specialise especializarse.
support 1. apoyar, respaldar 2. mantener
speculate especular
surcharge recargar, sobrecargar
spend gastar
survey 1. encuestar 2. relevar, peritar, reconocer, estudiar
spin hilar
suspend suspender
split dividir sponsor auspiciar, patrocinar, promover square 1. cuadrar 2. elevar al cuadrado 3. cancelar, saldar squeeze restringir stamp 1. sellar, timbrar 2. estampar, imprimir standardize or standardise estandarizar, normalizar staple grapar, engrapar stock almacenar, tener en existencias stockpile acopiar
sustain mantener, sostener swap intercambiar systematize or systematise sistematizar
T tag 1. etiquetar 2. codificar take on contratar tally hacer que algo cuadre, hacer que algo concuerde, cuadrar tax gravar telecommute teletrabajar
store almacenar
telephone telefonear
streamline racionalizar strike declararse en huelga, ir a la huelga, parar
tend tender terminate terminar, rescindir
structure estructurar
test 1. examinar 2. ensayar, probar
study estudiar
total totalizar
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totalize or totalise totalizar trader traficante, comerciante, mercader traffic traficar train 1. entrenar, adiestrar 2. instruir, formar, capacitar
W warrant 1. justificar 2. garantizar, asegurar waste malgastar, desperdiciar
transcribe transcribir
watch vigilar, custodiar
translate 1. traducir 2. convertir 3. trasladar
water diluir
travel viajar
weigh pesar
treat tratar
will legar
turn over rotar, girar
wind up cerrar, cesar operaciones, liquidar
type mecanografiar
wear 1. v.t. usar 2. v.t. y v.i. desgastar
wire telegrafiar withhold 1. retener 2. denegar
U
write escribir
underestimate 1. subvalorar, infravalorar, calcular por debajo del importe real 2. subestimar underuse infrautilizar
write down 1. reducir el valor, devaluar 2. apuntar, anotar write in agregar, incluir
undervalue subvaluar, subvalorar
Y
unionize or unionise sindicalizar, agremiar
yield 1. redituar, rendir 2. producir
unload descargar
Z
update actualizar upload cargar utilize or utilise usar, usufructuar
zone dividir en zonas, zonificar, calificar
V validate legalizar, validar valuate valuar, tasar vary variar veto vetar
Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007
And re w D. M iles is the d irec tor of English for Business Barcelona, Engl ish for Business M adrid and English Phone English for Business Barcelona teaches English lessons to companies in the Barcelona area. English for Business M adrid teaches English lessons to companies in the Madrid area. English Phone provides lessons by telephone to students who want to improve their oral communication skills
www.barcelonaenglish.com www.madridenglish.net www.englishphone.biz
Copyright by Andrew D. Miles, 2007