Period 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
3
2.1
Group 1
H
hydrogen 1.01 1.0 4
Li
1.5
Be
lithium beryllium 6.94 9.01 0.9 12 1.2
Ca Sr Ba
francium [223]
Fr radium 226.03
Ra
cesium barium 132.91 137.33 0.7 88 0.9 87
Cs
rubidium strontium 85.47 87.62 0.7 56 0.9 55
Rb
potassium calcium 39.10 40.08 0.8 38 1.0 37
K
sodium magnesium 22.99 24.31 0.8 20 1.0 19
Na Mg
11
2
® AP Chemistry 1
2025 edvantagescience.com
21
symbol
4
Ti
1.5 23
B
1.6 24
Rf 1.1 59
Nb Mo Tc
Ta Db
dubnium [262] 1.1 60
W Sg
seaborgium [266] 1.2 61
1.5 26
Re Bh
bohrium [264] – 62
8 1.8 27
Ru Os Hs
hassium [269] 1.2 63
Solid Gas
Liquid
Synthetic
Ni
10
11 1.9 30
Cu
1.8 29
Based on carbon-12
1.8 28
Rh Ir Mt
Pd Pt Ds
1.1 65
12 1.6
Zn Ag Cd Au Hg
Rg
Cn
1.2 67
Dy Ho
1.2 66
meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium [268] [281] [272] [277] 1.2 64
Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb
1.2 68
13
B
2.0 6
14
C Si
2.5 7
Sn Pb
15
N
P
3.0 8
As Sb Bi Mc moscovium [288]
Fl
flerovium [289]
1.1 71
Nh
nihonium [284]
1.2 70
Tm Yb
1.2 69
Er
16
O
S
Pa
uranium 238.03
U
Np
neptunium 237.05
americium [243]
curium [247]
berkelium [247]
Pu Am Cm Bk plutonium [244]
Cf
californium [251]
Es
einsteinium [252]
1
3.5 9
Se Te Po Lv
Lu
1.2
livormorium [291]
mendelevium [258]
nobelium [259]
Fm Md No fermium [257]
Lr
lawrencium [262]
17
H
2.1 2
18
He
Ne
–
helium hydrogen 4.00 1.01 4.0 10 –
F
Cl
Ar
Br Kr
I
Xe
At Rn
tennessine [294]
Ts
oganesson [294]
Og
thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon 204.37 207.37 208.98 [209] [210] [222] – 114 – 115 – 116 – 117 – 118 – 113
Tl
indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon 114.82 118.69 121.75 127.60 126.90 131.30 1.8 82 1.8 83 1.9 84 2.0 85 2.2 86 – 81
In
gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton 69.74 72.59 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80 1.7 50 1.8 51 1.9 52 2.1 53 2.5 54 – 49
Ga Ge
aluminum silicon phosphorus sulphur chlorine argon 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95 1.6 32 1.8 33 2.0 34 2.4 35 2.8 36 – 31
Al
boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.17 1.5 14 1.8 15 2.1 16 2.5 17 3.0 18 – 13
5
AP®CHEMISTRY 1
7
Co
9
Periodic Table of Elements
1.6 25
Transition Elements
2.0 electronegativity
6
Cr Mn Fe
boron 10.81
V
5
atomic number 5
1.3 22
name atomic mass
3
Sc Zr
scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc 44.96 47.90 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.71 63.55 65.38 1.3 40 1.4 41 1.6 42 1.8 43 1.9 44 2.2 45 2.2 46 2.2 47 1.9 48 1.7 39
Y Hf
yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 [98.91] 101.07 102.91 106.40 107.87 112.41 1.3 73 1.5 74 1.7 75 1.9 76 2.2 77 2.2 78 2.2 79 2.4 80 1.9 1.1 72 57
La
Ac actinium [227] 58
Ce
Th
protactinium 231.04
lutetium cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium 174.97 140.12 140.91 144.24 [145] 150.35 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.04 – – 103 1.3 91 1.5 92 1.7 93 1.3 94 1.3 95 1.3 96 – 97 – 98 – 99 – 100 – 101 – 102 90
Pr
rutherfordium [261]
hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury lanthanum 178.49 180.95 183.85 186.21 190.20 192.22 195.09 196.97 200.59 138.91 – 105 – 106 – 107 – 108 – 109 – 110 – 111 – 112 – 1.1 104 89
6
7
thorium 232.04