Table of Contents
Cover Title page
Copyright
Contributors
About the editors
Preface
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Oxygen reduction reaction in nature and its importance in life
Abstract
1.1: Introduction to oxygen reduction reaction: Background and significance
1.2: Oxygen activation and oxygen reduction reaction
1 3: Oxygen reduction catalyzed by metalloenzymes: A close look into the structure-function relationship
1.4: Natural and artificial metalloprotein models as ORR catalysts
1.5: Oxygen reduction reaction by bio-inspired synthetic catalysts
1.6: The future of oxygen activation: Summary and outlook
References
Chapter 2: Oxygen reduction reaction by metalloporphyrins
Abstract
2.1: Introduction
2.2: The porphyrin cofactor
2.3: Common methods used in the study of O2 reduction reaction
2.4: Different metalloporphyrins as ORR catalysts
2 5: Porphyrin-based frameworks for ORR
2.6: Metal-free porphyrins
2.7: Future direction of oxygen reduction by porphyrins
References
Chapter 3: Oxygen reduction reaction by metallocorroles and metallophthalocyanines
Abstract
Acknowledgments
3.1: Introduction
3.2: Different routes of ORR
3.3: Advantages of phthalocyanine and corroles for ORR
3.4: Metallocorroles as ORR catalysts
3.5: Metal complexes of phthalocyanine as ORR catalyst
3.6: Summary and future prospect
References
Chapter 4: Oxygen reduction reaction by metal complexes containing non-macrocyclic ligands
Abstract
4.1: Introduction
4.2: Reactivity
4.3: Summary and outlook
References
Chapter 5: Oxygen reduction reaction by noble metal-based catalysts
Abstract
5.1: Introduction
5.2: Analytical methods to assess ORR
5.3: Standard protocols for obtaining data with Pt/C
5.4: Mono- and multi-metallic catalysts
5.5: Alloy-based catalysts
5.6: Metal oxides catalysts
5.7: Photocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction
5.8: Direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide on transition metal surface
5.9: Noble metals in aerobic oxidation reactions
5 10: Commercial and environmental viability
5.11: Summary and future directions
References
Chapter 6: Oxygen reduction reaction by non-noble metal-based catalysts
Abstract Acknowledgments
6.1: Introduction
6.2: ORR mechanism
6.3: Oxygen reduction reaction kinetics
6.4: Single and dual metal sites-based single atomic catalyst
6.5: Alloy-based catalysts
6.6: Metal oxides catalysts
6.7: Transition metal chalcogenides
6.8: Transition metal carbides/nitrides/oxynitrides
6.9: Commercial and environmental viability
6.10: Summary and future directions
References
Chapter 7: Oxygen reduction reaction by metal-free catalysts
Abstract
Acknowledgments
7.1: Introduction
7.2: Synthesis and synergistic effects of dopants
7.3: Carbon nanotube-based catalysts
7.4: Graphene-based catalysts
7.5: Graphite or graphitic nanoplatelet-based catalysts
7.6: 3D porous carbon catalysts
7.7: Other carbon material catalysts
7.8: Commercial and environmental viability
References
Chapter 8: Oxygen reduction reaction in hydrogen fuel cells
Abstract
8.1: Introduction
8.2: Fundamental concept and working principle
8.3: Catalyst materials used: Design, synthesis, and performances
8.4: Commercial and environmental viability
8.5: Existing challenges and future direction
8.6: Summary
References
Further reading
Chapter 9: Oxygen reduction reaction in methanol fuel cells
Abstract
Acknowledgments
9.1: Introduction: Background and significance
9.2: Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs)
9.3: ORR catalysts in DMFC: Design, synthesis, and performance
9.4: Commercial and environmental viability of the catalyst materials
9.5: Existing challenges and future directions
9.6: Summary
References
Further reading
Chapter 10: Oxygen reduction reaction in ethanol fuel cells
Abstract
10.1: Introduction
10.2: Fundamental concepts and working principle
10 3: Cathode catalysts
10.4: Commercial and environmental viability of the catalyst materials
10.5: Existing challenges and future directions
10.6: Summary
References
Chapter 11: Oxygen reduction reaction in solid oxide fuel cells
Abstract
11.1: Background and significance
11.2: Fundamental concepts and working principle
11.3: Catalyst materials for oxygen reduction reaction
11.4: Methods used for preparation of cathode catalyst
11.5: Method used for catalyst deposition on electrolytes
11.6: Commercial and environmental viability of the catalyst materials
11.7: Challenges and future directions
References
Chapter 12: Oxygen reduction reaction in enzymatic biofuel cells
Abstract
Acknowledgment
12.1: Introduction
12.2: Basic features: Kinetics and thermodynamics
12.3: Immobilization of enzymes onto electrodes for electronic coupling
12.4: Enzymatic O2 reduction
12.5: Application of EBFCs
12.6: Conclusion and outlook
References
Chapter 13: Oxygen reduction reaction in lithium-air ba eries
Abstract
13.1: Introduction: Background and significance
13.2: Fundamental aspects of LABs
13.3: Catalyst materials
13.4: Commercial and environmental viabilities of catalyst materials
13.5: Summary, existing challenges and future directions
References
Index
Copyright
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Contributors
Md Estak Ahmed Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
Afsar Ali Chemistry Discipline, IIT Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India
Sankeerthana Bellamkonda School of Chemistry, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
Moumita Bera Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
Susovan Bhowmik Department of Chemistry, Bankura Sammilani College, Bankura, West Bengal, India
Prasenjit Bhunia Department of Chemistry, Silda Chandra Sekhar College, Jhargram, West Bengal, India
Ashmita Biswas Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Mohali, Punjab, India
Biswarup Chakraborty Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
Sudipta Cha erjee Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) – Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India
Samir Cha opadhyay Department of Physical ChemistryÅngström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Arvind Chaudhary Science and Engineering Research Board, New Delhi, India
Avijit Das Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
Ramendra Sundar Dey Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Mohali, Punjab, India
Arnab Du a Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
Kingshuk Du a Advanced Polymer Design and Development Research Laboratory (APDDRL), School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals (SARP), Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Arnab Kanti Giri Department of Chemistry, Karim City College, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
In-Yup Jeon Department of Chemical Engineering/Nanoscale Sciences and Technology Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
Vipin Kamboj Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Yeong A. Kang Department of Chemical Engineering/Nanoscale Sciences and Technology Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
Shikha Khandelwal Chemistry Discipline, IIT Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India
Min Hui Kim Department of Chemical Engineering/Nanoscale Sciences and Technology Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
Piyali Majumder Techinvention Lifecare Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
Laxmikanta Mallick Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
Kaustuv Mi ra Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine,
CA, United States
Biswajit Mondal Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat, India
Subir Panja Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
Sayantan Paria Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
Moumita Patra Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, India
Ranjan Patra Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research and Studies, Amity University, Noida, U ar Pradesh, India
Chinmoy Ranjan Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Souvik Roy School of Chemistry, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
Subhra Samanta Material Processing and Microsystems Laboratory, CSIR-CMERI, Durgapur, India
N. Sandhyarani School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
Subhajit Sarkar Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Mohali, Punjab, India
Pritha Sen Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Kushal Sengupta Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
Asmita Singha Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
Anagha Yatheendran School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology
Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India
About the editors
Kushal Sengupta is currently an Alexander von Humboldt (AvH) fellow at Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mulheim an der Ruhr, Germany. Before winning the AvH fellowship award, he served as an assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry at Abhedananda College under Burdwan University in India (August 2020-March 2021). Prior to this, he was an NIH postdoctoral research fellow in the Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology at Cornell University, United States (August 2016December 2019). He carried out his doctoral studies at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, with a CSIR-UGC NET fellowship (2010–16). He obtained his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in Chemistry from Jadavpur University. His research interests lie in the field of bioinorganic chemistry especially in oxygen and proton reduction, electrocatalysis, Alzheimer’s disease, and so on, and in field of biophysical chemistry especially in metal homeostasis in bacteria, protein purification, superresolution fluorescence imaging, and so on. He is the recipient of two prestigious international awards, the SBIC travel grant (2015) and the SNIC student bursary (2014) during his PhD. He has authored 26 research articles (to date) in reputed international journals and 2 books chapters and has presented several posters and talks in international and national conferences. He has been actively involved as a reviewer for several scientific publishers and has been a member of the Society of Bioinorganic Chemistry for several years now.
Sudipta Cha erjee is currently employed as an assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry at Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) – Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus, India. Prior to this, he worked as a postdoctoral researcher (2019–22) in KAUST Catalysis Center at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia and as a postdoctoral associate (2017–19) in the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Cornell
University, USA. Before joining Cornell University, he was a doctoral student (2011–17) in the Department of Inorganic Chemistry at Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, India. Dr. Cha erjee is the recipient of Outstanding Potential for Excellence in Research and Academics (OPERA) Award, funded by BITS Pilani. He has also been a recipient of junior and senior research fellowships funded by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India. He completed his BSc (2006–09) from Burdwan University and MSc (2009–11) from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. His research areas lie in the field of small molecule activation and catalytic reduction (O2, H +, CO2) toward sustainable energy production, including electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical techniques to isolate and study vital catalytic intermediates for understanding the structure-function correlations. During his PhD, his focus was primarily on the mechanistic investigations of electrocatalytic oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions of various biomimetic systems for monitoring the structural evolution of the reactive centers that help developing improved catalytic systems for sustainable future. To date, he is the author of 33 international journal articles and two book chapters. He has also served as a peer reviewer for several society journals. He has been a member of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry (2015–18) and American Chemical Society (2018–19).
Kingshuk Du a is currently employed as a scientist at the Advanced Polymer Design and Development Research Laboratory of the Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology, India. Prior to this, he had worked as an Indo-US postdoctoral fellow at the Cornell University, United States (2018) and as a national postdoctoral fellow at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India (2016–17), both funded by the Science
and Engineering Research Board, Government of India. Earlier, as a senior research fellow funded by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India, he had carried out his doctoral studies at the University of Calcu a, India (2013–16). He possesses degrees in both technology (BTech and MTech) and science (BSc), all from the University of Calcu a. He has been a recipient of the prestigious Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) and National Scholarships, both from the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, and was also awarded the Dr. D.S. Kothari Postdoctoral Fellowship by the University Grants Commission, Government of India. His areas of research interest lie in the development of electrochemical, bioelectrochemical, and photoelectrochemical devices, as well as water treatment and biodegradable polymers. To date, he has contributed to 55 experimental and review papers in reputed international platforms, 24 book chapters, and has given many national and international presentations. In addition, he has edited/coedited three books published by Elsevier and two books published by the American Chemical Society. He has also served as a guest associate editor for Frontiers in Chemistry, and is currently serving as a review editor in Frontiers in Nanotechnology. To date, he has served as a peer reviewer for over 180 journal articles, conference papers, book chapters, and research project proposals. He is a life member and an elected fellow of the Indian Chemical Society, a life member of the International Exchange Alumni Network (US Department of State), and a member of the Science Advisory Board (United States). Earlier, he held memberships of the International Association for Hydrogen Energy (United States), the International Association of Advanced Materials (Sweden), the Institute for Engineering Research and Publication (India), and the Wiley Advisors Group (United States).
Preface
Kushal Sengupta
Sudipta Cha erjee
Kingshuk Du a
The growing global population, along with the rapidly increasing energy demand, has forced mankind to use fossil fuels extensively over renewable energies because of their limited availability and the immature infrastructure of low-carbon energy. As a result, the atmospheric CO2 concentration has reached a threatening level of 415 ppm, leading to climate change and environmental disruption. To challenge this pressing issue of generating clean and sustainable energy, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has emerged as one of the most suitable and fundamental chemical transformations involved not only in naturally occurring biological processes but also in renewable energy generating devices, such as fuel cells, metal-air ba eries, and so on, that are standing out among various alternative techniques. Moreover, in such energy devices, the selective 4H+/4e reduction of O2 to release H2O is vital for high efficiency as well as long-term stability. Otherwise, the production of H2O2, due to the partial reduction of O2, often becomes detrimental for the devices under consideration, leading to decreased efficiency and stability. Therefore, deciphering the structure-function correlation of naturally occurring metalloenzymes that selectively reduce O2 to H2O aids the design and development of inexpensive ORR catalysts with enhanced activity, high selectivity, and improved durability for the widespread application of various energy conversion technologies.
