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NewandFuture DevelopmentsinMicrobial Biotechnologyand Bioengineering

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NewandFuture DevelopmentsinMicrobial Biotechnologyand Bioengineering

SustainableAgriculture:RevisitingGreen Chemicals

Editedby

HARIKESHBAHADURSINGH

DepartmentofBiotechnology,GLAUniversity,Mathura,India

ANUKOOLVAISHNAV

DepartmentofBiotechnology,GLAUniversity,Mathura,India Plant-SoilInteractionGroup,Agroscope(Reckenholz),Zurich, Switzerland

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Listofcontributors

Abouttheeditors

Preface

1.Alternativestrategiestosyntheticchemicalfertilizers:revitalizationof soilqualityforsustainableagricultureusingorganic-basedapproaches1 WaleedAsghar,MuhittinOnurAkça,HanifeAkça,OmmolbaninJafariTarf, RyotaKataokaandOguzCanTurgay

1.1 Introduction1

1.2 Greenmanurefortherevitalizationofsoilquality2

1.3 Organiccompostfortherevitalizationofsoilquality4

1.4 Biocharfortherevitalizationofsoilquality7

1.4.1 Whatisbiochar?7

1.5 Effectsofbiocharonthenutrientavailabilityinsoil8

1.6 Effectsofbiocharonsoilquality8

1.7 Microbialcarrierofbiochar9

1.8 Useofbiocharforremediationinagriculturalsoils12

1.9 Uncertaintiesofbiochar13

1.10 Futureprospectsofbiocharuseinagriculturalsoils13

1.11 Organo-mineralfertilizers:past,present,andfuture13

1.11.1 Whatisanorgano-mineralfertilizer?13

1.12 Effectsoforgano-mineralfertilizersonsoilproductivity14

1.13 Effectsoforgano-mineralfertilizersonplantgrowthandplantnutrientuseefficiency15

1.14 Roleoforgano-mineralfertilizersinsustainableagriculture16

1.15 Bio-fertilizers17

1.16 Futureperspectivesofbio-fertilizers19

References 20

2.Applicationofbiostimulantstoimproveagronomicandphysiological responsesofplants:areview31

MonirehMonesSardrodi,ZahraBiglariQuchanAtigh,ZahraDehghanian, KhosroBalilashaki,BehnamAsgariLajayerandTessAstatkie

2.1 Introduction31

2.2 Theresponseofplantstobiostimulantelements32

2.3 Biostimulants:definitionsandclassifications34

2.4 Biostimulantorigins35

2.5 Factorsofbiostimulantsongrowth36

2.6 Theefficiencyofbiostimulantsonthechemicalcomposition37

2.7 Biostimulantuseonvegetablecrops39

2.8 Conclusions 40 References 41

3.Greennanotechnology:aparadigm,panaceaandnewperspectivefor sustainableagriculture45

ChandraMuktesh,SinghShiwaniandMishraBhawana

3.1 Introduction45

3.1.1 Background45

3.1.2 Greennanotechnology46

3.1.3 Nanomaterialsornanoparticles48

3.1.4 Briefdescriptionofgreensynthesisofnanomaterialandcharacterization48

3.1.5 Overviewofengineerednanomaterials49

3.1.6 Classificationofnanomaterials54

3.1.7 Factorsaffectingtheeffectofengineerednanomaterials55

3.2 Reviewliteratureandrecentdevelopments56

3.2.1 Occurrenceofnanomaterialinalivingsystem56

3.2.2 Occurrenceofnanomaterialintheagriculturesystem56

3.2.3 Uptakeandtranslocationmechanismofnanoparticlesinplants57

3.2.4 Phytotoxicityofengineerednanomaterials59

3.2.5 Greennanotechnologyapproachforsustainableagriculture59

3.2.6 Greennanotechnologyapproachesinothersectors69

3.3 Conclusionandfutureprospects71 References 72

4.Feasibilityandchallengesofbiopesticidesapplication83

AlaaElDinMahmoud,ManalFawzyandMohamedHosny

4.1 Introduction83

4.2 Biopesticides84

4.2.1 Microbialbiopesticides85

4.2.2 Plant-incorporatedprotectants87

4.2.3 Biochemicalpesticides87

4.3 Meritsanddisadvantagesofbiopesticides87

4.4 Roleofbiopesticides88

4.5 Applicationofbiopesticides88

4.6 Commercializationofbiopesticides92

4.7 Conclusionandrecommendations93

References 94

5.Howthesoilnitrogennutrientpromotesplantgrowth acriticalassessment99

AnkitaSingh,AkashHidangmayum,PushpendraTiwari,Vivekkumar, BanshNarayanSinghandPadmanabhDwivedi

5.1 Introduction99

5.1.1 One-to-onecareforsoilNcontrolling101

5.1.2 StatusofNconcentrationinplantingsoil102

5.1.3 Nmineralizationandimmobilizationfromsoilorganicmatter102

5.1.4 Ismicrobehelpinginplantnitrogenacquisition?104

5.1.5 Nitrogenuptakeandassimilationinplants108

5.1.6 Nlocalizationinplants108

5.1.7 CrosstalkofN,NO,andNtransporters109

5.1.8 ApproachesforimprovedNfertilization111

5.1.9 Solnitrogenmanagementthroughagronomiccroppingpracticenitrogen111

5.2 Conclusion113 References 113

6.Morphologicalandphytochemicalchangesof Cannabissativa L.affected bylightspectra119

MehdiBabaei,LadanAjdanianandBehnamAsgariLajayer

6.1 Introduction119

6.2 Secondarymetabolitesincannabis120

6.3 Biosynthesispathwayofcannabinoids122

6.4 Howtoanalyzeandmeasuretheamountofcannabinoidsintheplant124

6.5 Theimportanceoflightspectrainplantcultivation124

6.6 Examiningtheeffectsoflightspectraoncannabis126

6.6.1 Morphologicalcharacteristics126

6.6.2 Phytochemicalcharacteristics129

6.7 Conclusion130 References 130

7.Applicationofphosphiteasabiostimulantinagriculture135

FernandoCarlosGómez-Merino,LibiaFernandaGómez-Trejo, RubénRuvalcaba-RamírezandLibiaIrisTrejo-Téllez

7.1 Introduction135

7.2 ChemistryofPhianditsmetabolisminplants136

7.3 Phosphiteasabiostimulantinagriculture138

7.4 Cerealandpulsecrops139

7.5 Fruits 144

7.6 Vegetables 144

7.7 Otherfoodcrops146

7.8 BeyondagriculturalapplicationsofPhi:biotechnologicalandindustrialusage146

7.9 Conclusionandprospects147 References 148

8.SustainablemainframesforcontrolofSugarcaneearlyshootborer, Chiloinfuscatellus (Snellen)155

S.A.Dwivedi,LelikaNameirakpamandAjayTomer

8.1 Introduction155

8.2 Biologyofearlyshootboreronsugarcane158

8.2.1 Embryonicdevelopment159

8.2.2 Larvaldevelopment159

8.2.3 Theexternalappearanceofpupaform160

8.2.4 Descriptionandmorphmetricsofadult162

8.3 Integratedpestmanagementforearlyshootborer, Chiloinfuscatellus 162

8.4 Designmakingstageforearlyshootborer163

8.5 Roleofsoilnutrientsontheincidenceof Chiloinfuscatellus onsugarcanevarieties164

8.6 Utilizationofeggsparasitoid165

8.7 Genotype 3 roleofclimaticfactorsinunderirrigationconditioninsugarcaneat advancedscreeningstages165

8.8 Adumbratethemolecularmarkerscharacterofsugarcaneformingresistance againstearlyshootborer167

8.9 ApplicationofPheromonetrapstechniques167

8.10 Invitrobioassaytodeterminethetoxicityofcry1fproteineffectiveagainst ChiloInfuscatellus 170

8.11 SynthesizeBtgeneseffectiveinthemanagementofearlyshootborer171

8.12 Effectofgranulosisvirusonearlyshootborer172

8.13 Conclusions172

References 173

9.Levulinicacid:apotentgreenchemicalinsustainableagriculture179

ProthaBiswas,SamapikaNandy,DevendraKumarPandey,JoginderSinghand AbhijitDey

9.1 Introduction179

9.2 Levulinicacid:willitreplacefossilfuels?180

9.3 Chemicalandphysicalproperties180

9.4 Applicationoflevulinicacidanditsderivatives181

9.4.1 Fuelorfueladditives182

9.4.2 Pharmaceuticalsandmedicines183

9.4.3 Foodadditivesandpreservatives183

9.4.4 Resinandadhesives183

9.4.5 Solvent183

9.4.6 Otherusesoflevulinicacidinproductpreparations184

9.5 Industriallyimportantderivativesoflevulinicacid,applications,andsynthesis184

9.5.1 Diphenolicacids185

9.5.2 Δ-Aminolevulinicacid186

9.5.3 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran186

9.5.4 &e_0263;-Valerolactone187

9.5.5 Succinicacid187

9.5.6 Pyrrolidones188

9.5.7 Levulinicketals189

9.5.8 Levulinateesters189

9.6 Synthesisoflevulinicacid190

9.6.1 Levulinicacidproductionfromfirst-generationbiomass190

9.6.2 Fromthesecondgenerationofbiomass192

9.6.3 Fromotherrenewableresources200

9.6.4 Thethirdgenerationofbiomass200

9.7 Differentprocessesforlevulinicacidsynthesis201

9.7.1 Biofineprocess201

9.7.2 Homogenouscatalyticsystem202

9.7.3 Heterogeneouscatalyticsystem203

9.7.4 Biphasicsystem204

9.7.5 Ionicliquidssystem205

9.7.6 Supercriticalfluidsystem206

9.8 Bottlenecksoflevulinicacidproduction206

9.9 Conclusionandfutureremarks207 References 208

10.Roleofchitosanineco-friendlymanagementofplantdiseasesfor sustainableagriculture219 VallabhaneniTilakChowdary,SKRoshanBaba,JaganaDivyaandP.KishoreVarma

10.1 Introduction219

10.2 Sourcesofchitosananditschemicalstructure221

10.2.1 Chemicalstructureofchitosan221

10.2.2 Sourcesofchitosan221

10.3 Applicationofchitosaninplantgrowthpromotionandyieldimprovement223

10.4 Applicationofchitosaninplantprotection223

10.5 Modeofaction226

10.5.1 Modeofactionofantimicrobialactivity231

10.6 Factorsaffectingchitosanactivity232

10.6.1 Microbialfactors233

10.6.2 Intrinsicfactorsofchitosan233

10.6.3 Physicalstate235

10.6.4 Environmentalfactors235

10.7 Conclusion236 References 237

11.Roleoftrehaloseinplant rhizobiainteractionandinducedabioticstress tolerance245

AbhishekBharti,HemantSinghMaheshwari,DipantiChourasiya,AnilPrakashand MahaveerPrasadSharma

11.1 Introduction245

11.1.1 Trehalose anabioticstressprotectantmetaboliteinrhizobia246

11.1.2 Trehalose anabioticstressprotectantsmetaboliteinplants247

11.2 Trehalosebiosynthesispathwaysinmicroorganismsandplants248

11.2.1 Pathwaysoftrehalosebiosynthesis248

11.2.2 Trehalaseenzyme:trehalosecatabolicenzyme250

11.3 Geneticmodificationofplantsandmicroorganismsforhighertrehalose biosynthesisandexternalamendmentsoftrehaloseforabioticstressalleviation251

11.4 Roleoftrehaloseinmicrobialprotectionfromabioticstress253

11.5 Roleoftrehalosein Rhizobium-legumesymbiosisandabioticstresstolerance254

11.6 Useoftrehaloseinseedpriming,improvedshelflife,preservation,andmaintenance ofmicrobialstrains256

11.7 Conclusionandfutureprospects258 Acknowledgments258 References 258

12.Combinativeeffectofseedprimingwithplantgrowth-promoting rhizobacteriaandgreenchemicalsonplantgrowthandstresstolerance265 ManmeetKaurandHarpreetSinghSodhi

12.1 Introduction265

12.2 Biopriming267

12.3 Mechanismofpriming267

12.4 Molecular,biochemical,andphysiologicalchangesinseedsonpriming268

12.5 Recentstrategiesandoperatorsofseedpriming271

12.5.1 Hydropriming271

12.5.2 Halopriming271

12.5.3 Osmohardening271

12.5.4 Matrixpriming273

12.5.5 On-farmpriming273

12.5.6 Hormoneenhancerpriming273

12.5.7 Micronutrientseedpriming273

12.5.8 Chemicalpriming274

12.5.9 Nanoparticlepriming275

12.6 Thepotentialofgreenchemicalsseedprimingsynthesizedwithnanoparticles topromoteplantgrowth275

12.7 Componentsinfluencingtheseedprimingprocess276

12.8 Essentialityofbiopriminginstressforbearance277

12.9 Roleofbioprimingagainstabioticstress277

12.10 Modesofplantgrowth-promotingrhizobacteriaintercededdroughtand saltstressresilience278

12.11 Beneficialeffectsofseedpriming282

12.12 Conclusionandfutureprospects282 References 283

13.Burgeoningtrendsusinggreenchemicalstoimpedetheobliterating invasiveinsects289

B.L.Manisha,N.Ramana,T.Hemadri,M.Ramaiah,P.KishoreVarmaandC.S.Jayaram

13.1 Introduction289

13.2 Futureprospectsandconclusions307 References 308

14.Routingmicrobialbiosurfactantstoagricultureforrevitalizationofsoil andplantgrowth313

SeemaSangwan,HarpreetKaur,PankajSharma,MeenaSindhuandLeelaWati

14.1 Introduction313

14.2 Mechanismsofactionofsurfactantmoleculesonsurfacesandinterfaces315

14.3 Possibleapplicationsandenvironmentaltoxicity315

14.4 Thesurfactantsofbiologicalorigin317

14.5 Microorganismsinvolvedintheproductionofbiosurfactants319

14.6 Productionandextractionofmicrobialbiosurfactants320

14.7 Biosurfactantsasapossiblestimulantinagriculture322

14.8 Seedgerminationandplantgrowthenhancement323

14.9 Biosurfactantsinnutrientmobilization325

14.10 Biosurfactantsasbiocontrolagents327

14.11 Conclusionandfutureprospects332

References 332

15.Nanopriminginsustainableagriculture:recentadvances,emerging challengesandfutureprospective339

BasantKumar,Indu,RajeshKumarSinghal,SubhashChand,JyotiChauhan, VivekKumar,UditNandanMishra,AkashHidangmayum,AnkitaSinghandBandanaBose

15.1 Introduction339

15.2 Nanotechnologyinagriculturalsustainability340

15.3 Seedpriminganditsimplicationsinagriculture342

15.4 Nanopriming343

15.5 Themechanismunderlyingthenanoprimingofseeds345

15.5.1 Mechanismofnanoparticlesuptakeduringseedgermination345

15.5.2 Roleofreactiveoxygenspeciesandphytohormonesduringgermination usingnanoprimedseeds346

15.6 Influencesofnanoprimingatdifferentplantgrowthstages347

15.6.1 Germinationstage347

15.6.2 Vegetativestage347

15.6.3 Reproductivestage348

15.7 Nanopriminginimprovingvariousabioticandbioticstresses349

15.7.1 Droughtstress352

15.7.2 Salinitystress352

15.7.3 Heavymetalstress353

15.7.4 Nanoprimingforimprovingbioticstressconditions355

15.8 Otherimplicationsofnanoprimingforimprovingsustainability357

15.9 Summary 358 References 358

16.Toxicologicalassessmentofbiobasedproducts:trendsandchallenges367

NataliaKlanovicz,AlineFrumiCamargo,CharlineBonatto,FábioSpitzaStefanski, AndressaWarken,LetíciaPaliga,CristianeFunghettoFuzinattoandHelenTreichel

16.1 Rawmaterialforbiobasedproducts367

16.1.1 Biomass367

16.1.2 Enzymaticextracts368

16.1.3 Microorganisms370

16.1.4 Examplesofbiobasedproducts371

16.2 Toxicologicalaspectsofthebiobasedproductsanditsproductionchain372

16.2.1 Upstreamprocesses372

16.2.2 Midstreamprocesses373

16.2.3 Downstreamprocesses376

16.3 Bioproductstoxicityassessment:approachesandresults377

16.5 Thetrendsandchallengesoftoxicologicalassessment384 References 387

17.Advancetechnologyforbiostimulantsinagriculture393 AyushBahuguna,SachinSharma,AshishRai,ReshuBhardwaj,SanjibKumarSahoo, AsthaPandeyandBhartiYadav

17.1 Introduction393

17.2 Differentadvancedtechnologyforbiostimulants394

17.3 Nanobiostimulant394

17.3.1 Nanosilver394

17.4 Mechanismofnanosilverparticle395

17.4.1 Agri-nano395

17.5 Mechanismofagri-nanoproduct395

17.6 Plantbiostimulant396

17.6.1 Aminoacids396

17.6.2 Seaweed397

17.6.3 Chitosan400

17.6.4 Proteinhydrolysates403

17.6.5 Microalgae405

17.7 Humicsubstances407

17.7.1 Mechanismofactionofhumicsubstances408

17.7.2 Roleofhumicsubstancesasbiostimulantinplant408

17.7.3 Methodofapplicationofhumicsubstances409

17.8 Conclusion410

References 410

18.Chitinandchitosanaselicitorsinsustainableproductionofmedicinalcrops413 TusheemaDutta,SamapikaNandy,JoginderSingh,DevendraKumarPandeyandAbhijitDey

18.1 Introduction413

18.2 Immuneresponsesofmedicinalplants414

18.3 Inducingresistanceinmedicinalplants416

18.3.1 Syntheticinducers416

18.3.2 Microbialelicitors416

18.4 Chitinandchitosan:thefungalelicitors416

18.5 Mechanismofactionofchitinandchitosaninmedicinalplants418

18.6 Applicationsofchitosaninenhancedproductionoftherapeutics419

18.7 Conclusion421 Acknowledgements423 References 423

19.Decipheringtheroleofphytohormonesintheregulationofarbuscular mycorrhizalfungalsymbiosisandmechanismsinvolved427 DipantiChourasiya,RahulGajghate,AbhishekBharti,AnilPrakashand MahaveerPrasadSharma

19.1 Introduction427

19.2 Phytohormonesasbiostimulantsinarbuscularmycorrhizalfungidevelopment431

19.3 Strigolactones431

19.4 Gibberellins433

19.5 Auxins 433

19.6 Abscisicacid434

19.7 Ethylene435

19.8 Cytokinins435

19.9 Brassinosteroids436

19.10 Jasmonicacid436

19.11 Salicylicacid437

19.12 Conclusionsandfuturedirectionofresearch438 Acknowledgments439

20.Biopreservation:analluringmethodtosafeguardfoodfromspoilage449 MohiniPrabhaSingh,PoojaNikhanj,PratikshaSingh,RajeshKumarSinghand AnjneySharma

20.1 Biopreservation449

20.2 Chemicalpreservativesversusbiopreservatives450

20.3 Advantagesofbiopreservatives450

20.4 Lacticacidbacteriaanditspotentialuseinfoodsafety451

20.5 Bacteriocin452

20.6 Labbacteriocins453

20.6.1 Classification453

20.6.2 Factorsinhibitingbacteriocinproduction454

20.6.3 Factorsaffectingbacteriocinactivityinfood455

20.7 BacteriocinsofvariousGram-positivebacteria455

20.8 Bacillus asbiopreservative455

20.9 Applicationsofbacteriocin-producinglacticacidbacteriainfood456

20.10 Bacteriophagesandtheirantibacteriallifecycle458

20.10.1 Currentbacteriophage-basedfoodapplications459

20.11 Endolysins:structureandmodeofaction460

20.11.1 Endolysinsinfoodapplications461

20.12 Limitationsofbiopreservationprocess461

20.13 Hurdletechnology462

20.14 Applicationsoflacticacidbacteriabacteriocinsinhurdletechnology463

20.15 Pulsedelectricfield463

20.15.1Limitations469

20.16 Nanotechnology469

20.17 Futureprospects469

20.18 Conclusion470

21.Sustainableagriculturethroughimprovedonfarmprocessingtechniques andvalue-addedorganicfoodproducts477

OluwoleOluwatoyinBolanle,IbironkeOlaide,RajiFatimaand AbodurinJosephineOlabisi

21.1 Sustainableagriculture477

21.2 Driversofsustainability478

21.3 Constraintsandconsiderationofagriculturalsustainability479

21.4 Traditionalon-farmprocessingtechnologiesandchallenges480

21.5 Someselectedvalue-addedorganicfoodproductsandtheirmarketstatus, prospects,andchallenges483

21.5.1 Melonseed(Citrulluslanatus)483

21.5.2 Groundnut(Arachishypogaea)487

21.5.3 Inputsupply490

21.5.4 Maize(Zeamays L.)492

21.5.5 Datepalmfruit(Phoenixdactylifera)498

21.5.6 Spinach(Spinaciaoleracea)505

21.5.7 Recommendations509

21.6 Benefitsoforganicagriculture509

21.7 Conclusion510

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Listofcontributors

LadanAjdanian

DepartmentofHorticulturalSciences,FacultyofAgriculture,FerdowsiUniversityof Mashhad,Mashhad,Iran

HanifeAkça

DepartmentofSoilScienceandPlantNutrition,AnkaraUniversity,Ankara,Turkey

MuhittinOnurAkça

DepartmentofSoilScienceandPlantNutrition,AnkaraUniversity,Ankara,Turkey

BehnamAsgariLajayer

DepartmentofSoilScience,FacultyofAgriculture,UniversityofTabriz,Tabriz,Iran

WaleedAsghar

DepartmentofEnvironmentalSciences,UniversityofYamanashi,Yamanashi,Japan

TessAstatkie

FacultyofAgriculture,DalhousieUniversity,Truro,NS,Canada

MehdiBabaei

DepartmentofHorticulturalSciences,FacultyofAgriculture,FerdowsiUniversityof Mashhad,Mashhad,Iran

AyushBahuguna

InstituteofAgriculturalSciences,BanarasHinduUniversity,Varanasi,UttarPradesh,India

KhosroBalilashaki

DepartmentofHorticulturalScience,FacultyofAgriculturalScience,UniversityofGuilan, Rasht,Iran

ReshuBhardwaj

InstituteofAgriculturalSciences,BanarasHinduUniversity,Varanasi,UttarPradesh,India

AbhishekBharti

MicrobiologySection,ICAR-IndianInstituteofSoybeanResearch,Indore,MadhyaPradesh, India;DepartmentofMicrobiology,BarkatullahUniversity,Bhopal,MadhyaPradesh,India

MishraBhawana

DepartmentofEnvironmentalScience,CentralUniversityofHimachalPradesh(CUHP), Kangra,HimachalPradesh,India

ZahraBiglariQuchanAtigh

DepartmentofEnvironmentalScience,FacultyofNaturalResourceandEnvironment, FerdowsiUniversityofMashhad,Mashhad,Iran

ProthaBiswas

DepartmentofLifeSciences,PresidencyUniversity,Kolkata,WestBengal,India

OluwoleOluwatoyinBolanle

DepartmentofFoodTechnology,FederalInstitute ofIndustrialResearchOshodi,Lagos,Nigeria

CharlineBonatto

LaboratoryofMicrobiologyandBioprocesses,FederalUniversityofFronteiraSul,Erechim, Brazil;DepartmentofChemicalandFoodEngineering,FederalUniversityofSantaCatarina, Florianópolis,Brazil

BandanaBose

DepartmentofPlantPhysiology,InstituteofAgriculturalSciences,BanarasHinduUniversity, Varanasi,UttarPradesh,India

AlineFrumiCamargo

LaboratoryofMicrobiologyandBioprocesses,FederalUniversityofFronteiraSul,Erechim, Brazil

SubhashChand

ICAR-IndianGrasslandandFodderResearchInstitute,Jhansi,UttarPradesh,India

JyotiChauhan

DepartmentofPlantPhysiology,InstituteofAgriculturalSciences,BanarasHinduUniversity, Varanasi,UttarPradesh,India

DipantiChourasiya

MicrobiologySection,ICAR-IndianInstituteofSoybeanResearch,Indore,MadhyaPradesh, India;DepartmentofMicrobiology,BarkatullahUniversity,Bhopal,MadhyaPradesh,India

VallabhaneniTilakChowdary

DepartmentofPlantPathology,CollegeofAgricultureBapatla,AcharyaN.G.Ranga AgriculturalUniversity,Guntur,AndhraPradesh,India

ZahraDehghanian

DepartmentofBiotechnology,FacultyofAgriculture,AzarbaijanShahidMadaniUniversity, Tabriz,Iran

AbhijitDey

DepartmentofLifeSciences,PresidencyUniversity,Kolkata,WestBengal,India

JaganaDivya

DepartmentofPlantPathology,UniversityofAgriculturalSciencesDharwad,Dharwad, Karnataka,India

TusheemaDutta

DepartmentofLifeSciences,PresidencyUniversity,Kolkata,WestBengal,India

PadmanabhDwivedi

DepartmentofPlantPhysiology,InstituteofAgriculturalSciences,BanarasHinduUniversity, Varanasi,UttarPradesh,India

S.A.Dwivedi

DepartmentofEntomology,SchoolofAgriculture,LovelyProfessionalUniversity,Phagwara, Punjab,India

RajiFatima

DepartmentofFoodTechnology,FederalInstitute ofIndustrialResearchOshodi,Lagos,Nigeria

ManalFawzy

EnvironmentalSciencesDepartment,FacultyofScience,AlexandriaUniversity,Alexandria, Egypt;GreenTechnologyGroup,FacultyofScience,AlexandriaUniversity,Alexandria, Egypt;NationalBiotechnologyNetworkofExpertise(NBNE),AcademyofScientific ResearchandTechnology(ASRT),Cairo,Egypt

CristianeFunghettoFuzinatto

EcologyandConservationLaboratory,FederalUniversityofFronteiraSul,Erechim,Brazil

RahulGajghate

CropImprovementDivision,ICAR-IndianGrasslandandFodderResearchInstitute,Jhansi, UttarPradesh,India

FernandoCarlosGómez-Merino

LaboratoryofPlantNutrition,CollegeofPostgraduatesinAgriculturalSciences,Texcoco, Mexico

LibiaFernandaGómez-Trejo

DepartmentofPlantProtection,ChapingoAutonomousUniversity,Texcoco,Mexico

T.Hemadri

UniveristyofAgriculturalSciences,Raichur,Karnataka,India

AkashHidangmayum

DepartmentofPlantPhysiology,InstituteofAgriculturalSciences,BanarasHinduUniversity, Varanasi,UttarPradesh,India

MohamedHosny

EnvironmentalSciencesDepartment,FacultyofScience,AlexandriaUniversity,Alexandria, Egypt;GreenTechnologyGroup,FacultyofScience,AlexandriaUniversity,Alexandria,Egypt

Indu

ICAR-IndianGrasslandandFodderResearchInstitute,Jhansi,UttarPradesh,India

C.S.Jayaram

CSKHPKV,Palampur,HimachalPradesh,India

RyotaKataoka

DepartmentofEnvironmentalSciences,UniversityofYamanashi,Yamanashi,Japan

HarpreetKaur

DepartmentofMicrobiology,COBSH,CCSHaryanaAgriculturalUniversityHisar,Haryana, India

ManmeetKaur

DepartmentofMicrobiology,PunjabAgriculturalUniversity,Ludhiana,Punjab,India

NataliaKlanovicz

LaboratoryofMicrobiologyandBioprocesses,FederalUniversityofFronteiraSul,Erechim, Brazil;ResearchGroupinAdvancedOxidationProcesses(AdOx),DepartmentofChemical Engineering,EscolaPolitécnica,UniversityofSãoPaulo,SãoPaulo,Brazil

BasantKumar

DepartmentofPlantPhysiology,InstituteofAgriculturalSciences,BanarasHinduUniversity, Varanasi,UttarPradesh,India

VivekKumar

DepartmentofPlantPhysiology,InstituteofAgriculturalSciences,BanarasHinduUniversity, Varanasi,UttarPradesh,India

HemantSinghMaheshwari

MicrobiologySection,ICAR-IndianInstituteofSoybeanResearch,Indore,MadhyaPradesh, India

AlaaElDinMahmoud

B.L.Manisha

AcharyaN.G.RangaAgriculturalUniversity,Guntur,AndhraPradesh,India

UditNandanMishra

M.S.SwaminathanSchoolofAgriculture,CenturionUniversityofTechnologyand Management,Paralakhemundi,Gajpati,Odisha,India

MonirehMonesSardrodi

DepartmentofPlantBreedingandBiotechnology,FacultyofAgriculture,Universityof Tabriz,Tabriz,Iran

ChandraMuktesh

CentreofBioinformatics,UniversityofAllahabad,Prayagraj,UttarPradesh,India

LelikaNameirakpam

DepartmentofEntomology,SchoolofAgriculture,LovelyProfessionalUniversity,Phagwara, Punjab,India

SamapikaNandy

DepartmentofLifeSciences,PresidencyUniversity,Kolkata,WestBengal,India

PoojaNikhanj

PunjabHorticulturalPostharvestTechnologyCentre,PunjabAgriculturalUniversity, Ludhiana,Punjab,India

AbodurinJosephineOlabisi

DepartmentofFoodTechnology,FederalInstituteofIndustrialResearchOshodi,Lagos, Nigeria

IbironkeOlaide

DepartmentofFoodTechnology,FederalInstituteofIndustrialResearchOshodi,Lagos, Nigeria

LetíciaPaliga

LaboratoryofMicrobiologyandBioprocesses,FederalUniversityofFronteiraSul,Erechim, Brazil

AsthaPandey

InstituteofAgriculturalSciences,BanarasHinduUniversity,Varanasi,UttarPradesh,India

DevendraKumarPandey

DepartmentofBiotechnology,FacultyofTechnologyandSciences,LovelyProfessional University,Phagwara,Punjab,India

AnilPrakash

DepartmentofMicrobiology,BarkatullahUniversity,Bhopal,MadhyaPradesh,India

AshishRai

InstituteofAgriculturalSciences,BanarasHinduUniversity,Varanasi,UttarPradesh,India

M.Ramaiah

IndianAgriculturalResearchInstitute,Pusa,NewDelhi,India

N.Ramana

AcharyaN.G.RangaAgriculturalUniversity,Guntur,AndhraPradesh,India

SKRoshanBaba

DepartmentofPlantPathology,CollegeofAgricultureBapatla,AcharyaN.G.Ranga AgriculturalUniversity,Guntur,AndhraPradesh,India

RubénRuvalcaba-Ramírez

DepartmentofPlantProtection,ChapingoAutonomousUniversity,Texcoco,Mexico

SanjibKumarSahoo

CollegeofAgriculture,OdishaUniversityofAgricultureandTechnology,Bhubaneswar, Odisha,India

SeemaSangwan

DepartmentofMicrobiology,COBSH,CCSHaryanaAgriculturalUniversityHisar,Haryana, India

AnjneySharma

GuangxiKeyLaboratoryofSugarcaneGeneticImprovement,KeyLaboratoryofSugarcane BiotechnologyandGeneticImprovement,MinistryofAgriculture,SugarcaneResearch Center,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,SugarcaneResearchInstitute,Guangxi AcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Nanning,Guangxi,P.R.China

MahaveerPrasadSharma

MicrobiologySection,ICAR-IndianInstituteofSoybeanResearch,Indore,MadhyaPradesh, India

PankajSharma

DepartmentofMicrobiology,COBSH,CCSHaryanaAgriculturalUniversityHisar,Haryana, India

SachinSharma

InstituteofAgriculturalSciences,BanarasHinduUniversity,Varanasi,UttarPradesh,India

SinghShiwani

DivisionofGenetics,IndianAgriculturalR esearchInstitute(IARI),NewDelhi,Delhi, India

MeenaSindhu

DepartmentofMicrobiology,COBSH,CCSHaryanaAgriculturalUniversityHisar,Haryana, India

AnkitaSingh

DepartmentofPlantPhysiology,InstituteofAgriculturalSciences,BanarasHinduUniversity, Varanasi,UttarPradesh,India

BanshNarayanSingh

ICAR-NationalBureauofAgriculturallyImportantMicroorganisms,Kushmaur,Maunath Bhanjan,UttarPradesh,India

JoginderSingh

DepartmentofBiotechnology,FacultyofTechnologyandSciences,LovelyProfessional University,Phagwara,Punjab,India

MohiniPrabhaSingh

DepartmentofMicrobiology,PunjabAgriculturalUniversity,Ludhiana,Punjab,India

PratikshaSingh

RajeshKumarSingh

RajeshKumarSinghal

ICAR-IndianGrasslandandFodderResearchInstitute,Jhansi,UttarPradesh,India

HarpreetSinghSodhi

DepartmentofMicrobiology,PunjabAgriculturalUniversity,Ludhiana,Punjab,India

FábioSpitzaStefanski

LaboratoryofMicrobiologyandBioprocesses,FederalUniversityofFronteiraSul,Erechim, Brazil

OmmolbaninJafariTarf

DepartmentofSoilScienceandPlantNutrition,AnkaraUniversity,Ankara,Turkey

PushpendraTiwari

ICAR-NationalBureauofAgriculturallyImportantMicroorganisms,Kushmaur,Maunath Bhanjan,UttarPradesh,India

AjayTomer

SchoolofAgriculture,GLAUniversity,Mathura,UttarPradesh,India

HelenTreichel

LaboratoryofMicrobiologyandBioprocesses,FederalUniversityofFronteiraSul,Erechim,Brazil

LibiaIrisTrejo-Téllez

LaboratoryofPlantNutrition,CollegeofPostgraduatesinAgriculturalSciences,Texcoco, Mexico

O ˘ guzCanTurgay

DepartmentofSoilScienceandPlantNutrition,AnkaraUniversity,Ankara,Turkey

P.KishoreVarma

AcharyaN.G.RangaAgriculturalUniversity,Guntur,AndhraPradesh,India;Departmentof PlantPathology,RARSAnakapalle,AcharyaN.G.RangaAgriculturalUniversity,Guntur, AndhraPradesh,India

AndressaWarken

LaboratoryofMicrobiologyandBioprocesses,FederalUniversityofFronteiraSul,Erechim, Brazil

LeelaWati

DepartmentofMicrobiology,COBSH,CCSHaryanaAgriculturalUniversityHisar,Haryana, India

BhartiYadav

InstituteofAgriculturalSciences,BanarasHinduUniversity,Varanasi,UttarPradesh,India

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Abouttheeditors

ProfessorHarikeshBahadurSingh isaDistinguishedprofessorintheDepartmentofBiotechnology,GLAUniversity, Mathura,India.HehasservedasaProfessorandHeadofthe DepartmentofMycologyandPlantPathologyattheInstitute ofAgriculturalSciences,BanarasHinduUniversity,India.His majorresearchfocusisonbioinoculants,biologicalcontrolof plantpathogens,andnano-biotechnology.Prof.Singhhas beendecoratedwithseveralprestigiousnationalawardsand honorsforhisscientificcontributionsinthefieldoforganic farmingandtranslationalagriculture,notablebeingtheCSIR TechnologyPrizeforBiologicalSciences,M.S.SwaminathanawardbytheSocietyfor PlantResearch,VigyanBhartiAward,Prof.V.P.BhideMemorialAward,Society forPlantResearch,andmanymore.Tohiscredit,hehas20USpatents.Hehas successfullytransferredtechnologyforcommercialproductionofbiopesticidesto severalindustrialhousesinIndia.Hehascoauthoredmorethan375publicationsand 35books.

Dr.AnukoolVaishnav isworkingasaPost-Doctoral Scientist(Swissexcellencefellow)atUniversityofZurich, Switzerland.HeisalsoassociatedwithDepartmentof Biotechnology,GLAUniversity,IndiaasanAssistantProfessor. HereceivedhisPh.D.inBiosciencesfromModyUniversityof Science&Technology,Sikar,India.HehasoperatedSERBNationalPostdoctoralFellowship(NPDF)attheDepartmentof MycologyandPlantPathology,InstituteofAgricultural Sciences,BanarasHinduUniversity,Varanasi,India.Hehas abouttenyearsofresearchexperienceinthefieldofplant–microbeinteractionandsustainableagriculturepractices.Asanactiveresearcher,he hasabout50publicationsincludingresearcharticles,reviewarticlesandbookchapters forreputedjournalsandeditedbooks.Heisalsoeditorofsixbookspublishedwith SpringerandElsevier.Recently,hehasawardedoneIndianpatentandninepatents arestillunderexamination.HeisaneditorialmemberoftheJournalFrontiersin MicrobiologyandCurrentGenomicsHehasbeenawardedwithSwissExcellence FellowshipandseveralYoungScientistAwardsfromdifferentsocieties.