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New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering

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New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering Sustainable Agriculture: Revisiting Green Chemicals Edited by

HARIKESH BAHADUR SINGH Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, India

ANUKOOL VAISHNAV Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, India Plant-Soil Interaction Group, Agroscope (Reckenholz), Zurich, Switzerland

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This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).

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ISBN: 978-0-323-85581-5 For Information on all Elsevier publications visit our website at https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals

Publisher: Susan Dennis Acquisitions Editor: Susan Dennis Editorial Project Manager: Howi M De Ramos Production Project Manager: R. Vijay Bharath Cover Designer: Matthew Limbert Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India

Contents

List of contributors About the editors Preface

1.

Alternative strategies to synthetic chemical fertilizers: revitalization of soil quality for sustainable agriculture using organic-based approaches

xvii xxv xxvii

1

Waleed Asghar, Muhittin Onur Akça, Hanife Akça, Ommolbanin Jafari Tarf, Ryota Kataoka and Oğuz Can Turgay 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

2.

Introduction Green manure for the revitalization of soil quality Organic compost for the revitalization of soil quality Biochar for the revitalization of soil quality 1.4.1 What is biochar?

1.5 Effects of biochar on the nutrient availability in soil 1.6 Effects of biochar on soil quality 1.7 Microbial carrier of biochar 1.8 Use of biochar for remediation in agricultural soils 1.9 Uncertainties of biochar 1.10 Future prospects of biochar use in agricultural soils 1.11 Organo-mineral fertilizers: past, present, and future 1.11.1 What is an organo-mineral fertilizer?

1.12 Effects of organo-mineral fertilizers on soil productivity 1.13 Effects of organo-mineral fertilizers on plant growth and plant nutrient use efficiency 1.14 Role of organo-mineral fertilizers in sustainable agriculture 1.15 Bio-fertilizers 1.16 Future perspectives of bio-fertilizers References

1 2 4 7 7 8 8 9 12 13 13 13 13 14 15 16 17 19 20

Application of biostimulants to improve agronomic and physiological responses of plants: a review

31

Monireh Mones Sardrodi, Zahra Biglari Quchan Atigh, Zahra Dehghanian, Khosro Balilashaki, Behnam Asgari Lajayer and Tess Astatkie 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The response of plants to biostimulant elements 2.3 Biostimulants: definitions and classifications

31 32 34

v

vi

Contents

3.

2.4 Biostimulant origins 2.5 Factors of biostimulants on growth 2.6 The efficiency of biostimulants on the chemical composition 2.7 Biostimulant use on vegetable crops 2.8 Conclusions References

35 36 37 39 40 41

Green nanotechnology: a paradigm, panacea and new perspective for sustainable agriculture

45

Chandra Muktesh, Singh Shiwani and Mishra Bhawana

4.

3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Background 3.1.2 Green nanotechnology 3.1.3 Nanomaterials or nanoparticles 3.1.4 Brief description of green synthesis of nanomaterial and characterization 3.1.5 Overview of engineered nanomaterials 3.1.6 Classification of nanomaterials 3.1.7 Factors affecting the effect of engineered nanomaterials 3.2 Review literature and recent developments 3.2.1 Occurrence of nanomaterial in a living system 3.2.2 Occurrence of nanomaterial in the agriculture system 3.2.3 Uptake and translocation mechanism of nanoparticles in plants 3.2.4 Phytotoxicity of engineered nanomaterials 3.2.5 Green nanotechnology approach for sustainable agriculture 3.2.6 Green nanotechnology approaches in other sectors 3.3 Conclusion and future prospects References

45 45 46 48 48 49 54 55 56 56 56 57 59 59 69 71 72

Feasibility and challenges of biopesticides application

83

Alaa El Din Mahmoud, Manal Fawzy and Mohamed Hosny 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Biopesticides 4.2.1 Microbial biopesticides 4.2.2 Plant-incorporated protectants 4.2.3 Biochemical pesticides 4.3 Merits and disadvantages of biopesticides 4.4 Role of biopesticides 4.5 Application of biopesticides 4.6 Commercialization of biopesticides 4.7 Conclusion and recommendations

83 84 85 87 87 87 88 88 92 93

Contents

5.

Acknowledgments References

94 94

How the soil nitrogen nutrient promotes plant growth—a critical assessment

99

Ankita Singh, Akash Hidangmayum, Pushpendra Tiwari, Vivek kumar, Bansh Narayan Singh and Padmanabh Dwivedi

6.

5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 One-to-one care for soil N controlling 5.1.2 Status of N concentration in planting soil 5.1.3 N mineralization and immobilization from soil organic matter 5.1.4 Is microbe helping in plant nitrogen acquisition?

5.1.5 Nitrogen uptake and assimilation in plants 5.1.6 N localization in plants 5.1.7 Crosstalk of N, NO, and N transporters 5.1.8 Approaches for improved N fertilization 5.1.9 Sol nitrogen management through agronomic cropping practice nitrogen 5.2 Conclusion References

99 101 102 102 104 108 108 109 111 111 113 113

Morphological and phytochemical changes of Cannabis sativa L. affected by light spectra

119

Mehdi Babaei, Ladan Ajdanian and Behnam Asgari Lajayer

7.

6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6

Introduction Secondary metabolites in cannabis Biosynthesis pathway of cannabinoids How to analyze and measure the amount of cannabinoids in the plant The importance of light spectra in plant cultivation Examining the effects of light spectra on cannabis 6.6.1 Morphological characteristics 6.6.2 Phytochemical characteristics 6.7 Conclusion References

119 120 122 124 124 126 126 129 130 130

Application of phosphite as a biostimulant in agriculture

135

Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino, Libia Fernanda Gómez-Trejo, Rubén Ruvalcaba-Ramírez and Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Chemistry of Phi and its metabolism in plants 7.3 Phosphite as a biostimulant in agriculture

135 136 138

vii

viii

Contents

8.

7.4 Cereal and pulse crops 7.5 Fruits 7.6 Vegetables 7.7 Other food crops 7.8 Beyond agricultural applications of Phi: biotechnological and industrial usage 7.9 Conclusion and prospects References

139 144 144 146 146 147 148

Sustainable mainframes for control of Sugarcane early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen)

155

S.A. Dwivedi, Lelika Nameirakpam and Ajay Tomer

9.

8.1 Introduction 8.2 Biology of early shoot borer on sugarcane 8.2.1 Embryonic development 8.2.2 Larval development 8.2.3 The external appearance of pupa form 8.2.4 Description and morph metrics of adult 8.3 Integrated pest management for early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus 8.4 Design making stage for early shoot borer 8.5 Role of soil nutrients on the incidence of Chilo infuscatellus on sugarcane varieties 8.6 Utilization of eggs parasitoid 8.7 Genotype 3 role of climatic factors in under irrigation condition in sugarcane at advanced screening stages 8.8 Adumbrate the molecular markers character of sugarcane forming resistance against early shoot borer 8.9 Application of Pheromone traps techniques 8.10 In vitro bioassay to determine the toxicity of cry 1f protein effective against Chilo Infuscatellus 8.11 Synthesize Bt genes effective in the management of early shoot borer 8.12 Effect of granulosis virus on early shoot borer 8.13 Conclusions References

155 158 159 159 160 162 162 163 164 165

170 171 172 172 173

Levulinic acid: a potent green chemical in sustainable agriculture

179

165 167 167

Protha Biswas, Samapika Nandy, Devendra Kumar Pandey, Joginder Singh and Abhijit Dey 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4

Introduction Levulinic acid: will it replace fossil fuels?

Chemical and physical properties Application of levulinic acid and its derivatives 9.4.1 Fuel or fuel additives

179 180 180 181 182

Contents

9.4.2 Pharmaceuticals and medicines 9.4.3 Food additives and preservatives 9.4.4 Resin and adhesives 9.4.5 Solvent 9.4.6 Other uses of levulinic acid in product preparations 9.5 Industrially important derivatives of levulinic acid, applications, and synthesis 9.5.1 Diphenolic acids 9.5.2 Δ-Aminolevulinic acid 9.5.3 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran 9.5.4 &e_0263;-Valerolactone 9.5.5 Succinic acid 9.5.6 Pyrrolidones 9.5.7 Levulinic ketals 9.5.8 Levulinate esters 9.6 Synthesis of levulinic acid 9.6.1 Levulinic acid production from first-generation biomass 9.6.2 From the second generation of biomass 9.6.3 From other renewable resources 9.6.4 The third generation of biomass 9.7 Different processes for levulinic acid synthesis 9.7.1 Biofine process 9.7.2 Homogenous catalytic system 9.7.3 Heterogeneous catalytic system 9.7.4 Biphasic system 9.7.5 Ionic liquids system 9.7.6 Supercritical fluid system 9.8 Bottlenecks of levulinic acid production 9.9 Conclusion and future remarks References

10. Role of chitosan in eco-friendly management of plant diseases for sustainable agriculture

183 183 183 183 184 184 185 186 186 187 187 188 189 189 190 190 192 200 200 201 201 202 203 204 205 206 206 207 208

219

Vallabhaneni Tilak Chowdary, SK Roshan Baba, Jagana Divya and P. Kishore Varma 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Sources of chitosan and its chemical structure 10.2.1 Chemical structure of chitosan 10.2.2 Sources of chitosan 10.3 Application of chitosan in plant growth promotion and yield improvement 10.4 Application of chitosan in plant protection 10.5 Mode of action

219 221 221 221 223 223 226

ix

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Contents

10.5.1 Mode of action of antimicrobial activity 10.6 Factors affecting chitosan activity 10.6.1 Microbial factors 10.6.2 Intrinsic factors of chitosan 10.6.3 Physical state 10.6.4 Environmental factors 10.7 Conclusion References

11. Role of trehalose in plant rhizobia interaction and induced abiotic stress tolerance

231 232 233 233 235 235 236 237

245

Abhishek Bharti, Hemant Singh Maheshwari, Dipanti Chourasiya, Anil Prakash and Mahaveer Prasad Sharma 11.1 Introduction 11.1.1 Trehalose—an abiotic stress protectant metabolite in rhizobia 11.1.2 Trehalose—an abiotic stress protectants metabolite in plants 11.2 Trehalose biosynthesis pathways in microorganisms and plants 11.2.1 Pathways of trehalose biosynthesis 11.2.2 Trehalase enzyme: trehalose catabolic enzyme 11.3 Genetic modification of plants and microorganisms for higher trehalose biosynthesis and external amendments of trehalose for abiotic stress alleviation 11.4 Role of trehalose in microbial protection from abiotic stress 11.5 Role of trehalose in Rhizobium-legume symbiosis and abiotic stress tolerance 11.6 Use of trehalose in seed priming, improved shelf life, preservation, and maintenance of microbial strains 11.7 Conclusion and future prospects Acknowledgments References

12. Combinative effect of seed priming with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and green chemicals on plant growth and stress tolerance

245 246 247 248 248 250 251 253 254 256 258 258 258

265

Manmeet Kaur and Harpreet Singh Sodhi 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5

Introduction Biopriming Mechanism of priming Molecular, biochemical, and physiological changes in seeds on priming Recent strategies and operators of seed priming 12.5.1 Hydropriming 12.5.2 Halopriming

265 267 267 268 271 271 271

Contents

12.5.3 Osmohardening 12.5.4 Matrix priming 12.5.5 On-farm priming 12.5.6 Hormone enhancer priming 12.5.7 Micronutrient seed priming 12.5.8 Chemical priming 12.5.9 Nanoparticle priming 12.6 The potential of green chemicals seed priming synthesized with nanoparticles to promote plant growth 12.7 Components influencing the seed priming process 12.8 Essentiality of biopriming in stress forbearance 12.9 Role of biopriming against abiotic stress 12.10 Modes of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria interceded drought and salt stress resilience 12.11 Beneficial effects of seed priming 12.12 Conclusion and future prospects References

13. Burgeoning trends using green chemicals to impede the obliterating invasive insects

271 273 273 273 273 274 275 275 276 277 277 278 282 282 283

289

B.L. Manisha, N. Ramana, T. Hemadri, M. Ramaiah, P. Kishore Varma and C.S. Jayaram 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Future prospects and conclusions References

14. Routing microbial biosurfactants to agriculture for revitalization of soil and plant growth

289 307 308

313

Seema Sangwan, Harpreet Kaur, Pankaj Sharma, Meena Sindhu and Leela Wati 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Mechanisms of action of surfactant molecules on surfaces and interfaces 14.3 Possible applications and environmental toxicity 14.4 The surfactants of biological origin 14.5 Microorganisms involved in the production of biosurfactants 14.6 Production and extraction of microbial biosurfactants 14.7 Biosurfactants as a possible stimulant in agriculture 14.8 Seed germination and plant growth enhancement 14.9 Biosurfactants in nutrient mobilization 14.10 Biosurfactants as biocontrol agents 14.11 Conclusion and future prospects References

313 315 315 317 319 320 322 323 325 327 332 332

xi

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Contents

15. Nanopriming in sustainable agriculture: recent advances, emerging challenges and future prospective

339

Basant Kumar, Indu, Rajesh Kumar Singhal, Subhash Chand, Jyoti Chauhan, Vivek Kumar, Udit Nandan Mishra, Akash Hidangmayum, Ankita Singh and Bandana Bose 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5

Introduction Nanotechnology in agricultural sustainability Seed priming and its implications in agriculture Nanopriming The mechanism underlying the nanopriming of seeds 15.5.1 Mechanism of nanoparticles uptake during seed germination 15.5.2 Role of reactive oxygen species and phytohormones during germination using nanoprimed seeds 15.6 Influences of nanopriming at different plant growth stages 15.6.1 Germination stage 15.6.2 Vegetative stage 15.6.3 Reproductive stage 15.7 Nanopriming in improving various abiotic and biotic stresses 15.7.1 Drought stress 15.7.2 Salinity stress 15.7.3 Heavy metal stress 15.7.4 Nanopriming for improving biotic stress conditions 15.8 Other implications of nanopriming for improving sustainability 15.9 Summary References

16. Toxicological assessment of biobased products: trends and challenges

339 340 342 343 345 345 346 347 347 347 348 349 352 352 353 355 357 358 358

367

Natalia Klanovicz, Aline Frumi Camargo, Charline Bonatto, Fábio Spitza Stefanski, Andressa Warken, Letícia Paliga, Cristiane Funghetto Fuzinatto and Helen Treichel 16.1 Raw material for biobased products 16.1.1 Biomass 16.1.2 Enzymatic extracts 16.1.3 Microorganisms 16.1.4 Examples of biobased products 16.2 Toxicological aspects of the biobased products and its production chain 16.2.1 Upstream processes 16.2.2 Midstream processes 16.2.3 Downstream processes 16.3 Bioproducts toxicity assessment: approaches and results 16.5 The trends and challenges of toxicological assessment References

367 367 368 370 371 372 372 373 376 377 384 387

Contents

17. Advance technology for biostimulants in agriculture

393

Ayush Bahuguna, Sachin Sharma, Ashish Rai, Reshu Bhardwaj, Sanjib Kumar Sahoo, Astha Pandey and Bharti Yadav 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Different advanced technology for biostimulants 17.3 Nano biostimulant 17.3.1 Nanosilver 17.4 Mechanism of nanosilver particle 17.4.1 Agri-nano 17.5 Mechanism of agri-nanoproduct 17.6 Plant biostimulant 17.6.1 Amino acids 17.6.2 Sea weed 17.6.3 Chitosan 17.6.4 Protein hydrolysates 17.6.5 Microalgae 17.7 Humic substances 17.7.1 Mechanism of action of humic substances 17.7.2 Role of humic substances as biostimulant in plant 17.7.3 Method of application of humic substances 17.8 Conclusion References

18. Chitin and chitosan as elicitors in sustainable production of medicinal crops

393 394 394 394 395 395 395 396 396 397 400 403 405 407 408 408 409 410 410

413

Tusheema Dutta, Samapika Nandy, Joginder Singh, Devendra Kumar Pandey and Abhijit Dey 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Immune responses of medicinal plants 18.3 Inducing resistance in medicinal plants 18.3.1 Synthetic inducers 18.3.2 Microbial elicitors 18.4 Chitin and chitosan: the fungal elicitors 18.5 Mechanism of action of chitin and chitosan in medicinal plants 18.6 Applications of chitosan in enhanced production of therapeutics 18.7 Conclusion Acknowledgements References

19. Deciphering the role of phytohormones in the regulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal symbiosis and mechanisms involved

413 414 416 416 416 416 418 419 421 423 423

427

Dipanti Chourasiya, Rahul Gajghate, Abhishek Bharti, Anil Prakash and Mahaveer Prasad Sharma 19.1 Introduction

427

xiii

xiv

Contents

19.2 Phytohormones as biostimulants in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi development 19.3 Strigolactones 19.4 Gibberellins 19.5 Auxins 19.6 Abscisic acid 19.7 Ethylene 19.8 Cytokinins 19.9 Brassinosteroids 19.10 Jasmonic acid 19.11 Salicylic acid 19.12 Conclusions and future direction of research Acknowledgments

431 431 433 433 434 435 435 436 436 437 438 439

References

439

20. Biopreservation: an alluring method to safeguard food from spoilage

449

Mohini Prabha Singh, Pooja Nikhanj, Pratiksha Singh, Rajesh Kumar Singh and Anjney Sharma 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5

Biopreservation Chemical preservatives versus biopreservatives Advantages of biopreservatives Lactic acid bacteria and its potential use in food safety Bacteriocin

449 450 450 451 452

20.6 Lab bacteriocins 20.6.1 Classification 20.6.2 Factors inhibiting bacteriocin production 20.6.3 Factors affecting bacteriocin activity in food 20.7 Bacteriocins of various Gram-positive bacteria 20.8 Bacillus as biopreservative 20.9 Applications of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria in food

453 453 454 455 455 455 456

20.10 Bacteriophages and their antibacterial life cycle 20.10.1 Current bacteriophage-based food applications 20.11 Endolysins: structure and mode of action 20.11.1 Endolysins in food applications 20.12 Limitations of biopreservation process 20.13 Hurdle technology 20.14 Applications of lactic acid bacteria bacteriocins in hurdle technology

458 459 460 461 461 462 463

20.15 Pulsed electric field 20.15.1 Limitations

463 469

20.16 Nanotechnology 20.17 Future prospects

469 469

Contents

20.18 Conclusion References

21. Sustainable agriculture through improved on farm processing techniques and value-added organic food products

470 471

477

Oluwole Oluwatoyin Bolanle, Ibironke Olaide, Raji Fatima and Abodurin Josephine Olabisi 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5

Sustainable agriculture Drivers of sustainability Constraints and consideration of agricultural sustainability Traditional on-farm processing technologies and challenges Some selected value-added organic food products and their market status, prospects, and challenges 21.5.1 Melon seed (Citrullus lanatus) 21.5.2 Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) 21.5.3 Input supply 21.5.4 Maize (Zea mays L.) 21.5.5 Date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) 21.5.6 Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) 21.5.7 Recommendations 21.6 Benefits of organic agriculture 21.7 Conclusion References Index

477 478 479 480 483 483 487 490 492 498 505 509 509 510 511 513

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List of contributors

Ladan Ajdanian Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Hanife Akça Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Muhittin Onur Akça Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Behnam Asgari Lajayer Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Waleed Asghar Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan Tess Astatkie Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada Mehdi Babaei Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Ayush Bahuguna Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Khosro Balilashaki Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Reshu Bhardwaj Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Abhishek Bharti Microbiology Section, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India; Department of Microbiology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India Mishra Bhawana Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh (CUHP), Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India Zahra Biglari Quchan Atigh Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resource and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Protha Biswas Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

xvii

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List of contributors

Oluwole Oluwatoyin Bolanle Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria Charline Bonatto Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil; Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil Bandana Bose Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Aline Frumi Camargo Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil Subhash Chand ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India Jyoti Chauhan Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Dipanti Chourasiya Microbiology Section, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India; Department of Microbiology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India Vallabhaneni Tilak Chowdary Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture Bapatla, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India Zahra Dehghanian Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran Abhijit Dey Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Jagana Divya Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India Tusheema Dutta Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Padmanabh Dwivedi Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India S.A. Dwivedi Department of Entomology, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India

List of contributors

Raji Fatima Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria Manal Fawzy Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Green Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; National Biotechnology Network of Expertise (NBNE), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT), Cairo, Egypt Cristiane Funghetto Fuzinatto Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil Rahul Gajghate Crop Improvement Division, ICAR- Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco, Mexico Libia Fernanda Gómez-Trejo Department of Plant Protection, Chapingo Autonomous University, Texcoco, Mexico T. Hemadri Univeristy of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India Akash Hidangmayum Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Mohamed Hosny Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Green Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt Indu ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India C.S. Jayaram CSKHPKV, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India Ryota Kataoka Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan Harpreet Kaur Department of Microbiology, COBSH, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, Haryana, India Manmeet Kaur Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India Natalia Klanovicz Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil; Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

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List of contributors

Basant Kumar Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Vivek Kumar Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Hemant Singh Maheshwari Microbiology Section, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India Alaa El Din Mahmoud Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Green Technology Group, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; National Biotechnology Network of Expertise (NBNE), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT), Cairo, Egypt B.L. Manisha Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India Udit Nandan Mishra M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Gajpati, Odisha, India Monireh Mones Sardrodi Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Chandra Muktesh Centre of Bioinformatics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India Lelika Nameirakpam Department of Entomology, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India Samapika Nandy Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Pooja Nikhanj Punjab Horticultural Postharvest Technology Centre, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India Abodurin Josephine Olabisi Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria Ibironke Olaide Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria Letícia Paliga Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil

List of contributors

Astha Pandey Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Devendra Kumar Pandey Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India Anil Prakash Department of Microbiology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India Ashish Rai Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India M. Ramaiah Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India N. Ramana Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India SK Roshan Baba Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture Bapatla, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India Rubén Ruvalcaba-Ramírez Department of Plant Protection, Chapingo Autonomous University, Texcoco, Mexico Sanjib Kumar Sahoo College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India Seema Sangwan Department of Microbiology, COBSH, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, Haryana, India Anjney Sharma Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China Mahaveer Prasad Sharma Microbiology Section, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India Pankaj Sharma Department of Microbiology, COBSH, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, Haryana, India Sachin Sharma Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Singh Shiwani Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, Delhi, India

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List of contributors

Meena Sindhu Department of Microbiology, COBSH, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, Haryana, India Ankita Singh Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India Bansh Narayan Singh ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India Joginder Singh Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India Mohini Prabha Singh Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India Pratiksha Singh Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China Rajesh Kumar Singh Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China Rajesh Kumar Singhal ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India Harpreet Singh Sodhi Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India Fábio Spitza Stefanski Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil Ommolbanin Jafari Tarf Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey Pushpendra Tiwari ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh, India Ajay Tomer School of Agriculture, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India Helen Treichel Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil

List of contributors

Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco, Mexico Oğuz Can Turgay Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey P. Kishore Varma Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India; Department of Plant Pathology, RARS Anakapalle, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India Andressa Warken Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, Brazil Leela Wati Department of Microbiology, COBSH, CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, Haryana, India Bharti Yadav Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

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About the editors

Professor Harikesh Bahadur Singh is a Distinguished professor in the Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, India. He has served as a Professor and Head of the Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology at the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, India. His major research focus is on bioinoculants, biological control of plant pathogens, and nano-biotechnology. Prof. Singh has been decorated with several prestigious national awards and honors for his scientific contributions in the field of organic farming and translational agriculture, notable being the CSIR Technology Prize for Biological Sciences, M.S. Swaminathan award by the Society for Plant Research, Vigyan Bharti Award, Prof. V.P. Bhide Memorial Award, Society for Plant Research, and many more. To his credit, he has 20 US patents. He has successfully transferred technology for commercial production of biopesticides to several industrial houses in India. He has coauthored more than 375 publications and 35 books.

Dr. Anukool Vaishnav is working as a Post-Doctoral Scientist (Swiss excellence fellow) at University of Zurich, Switzerland. He is also associated with Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, India as an Assistant Professor.

He received his Ph.D. in Biosciences from Mody University of Science & Technology, Sikar, India. He has operated SERBNational Postdoctoral Fellowship (NPDF) at the Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. He has about ten years of research experience in the field of plant– microbe interaction and sustainable agriculture practices. As an active researcher, he has about 50 publications including research articles, review articles and book chapters for reputed journals and edited books. He is also editor of six books published with Springer and Elsevier. Recently, he has awarded one Indian patent and nine patents are still under examination. He is an editorial member of the Journal Frontiers in Microbiology and Current Genomics He has been awarded with Swiss Excellence Fellowship and several Young Scientist Awards from different societies.

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