Patient information atlas. Cardiology

PRESENTATION

BROCHURE

Patient information atlas Cardiology Review and texts: M.ª Victoria Mogollón Jiménez, Luis Enrique Lezcano Gort and Zineb Kounka

Patient information atlas Cardiology

Patient information atlas. Cardiology

Review and texts: M.ª Victoria Mogollón Jiménez, Luis Enrique Lezcano Gort and Zineb Kounka

eBook

available

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The illustrations in this atlas are intended to facilitate the effective transmission of information between the healthcare professional and the cardiac patient. Each sheet describes graphically the functioning of the cardiovascular system, as well as its main pathological processes. The specific nature of the topics dealt with will also help the clinician to establish and expand knowledge.

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TARGET AUDIENCE:

✱ Consultant cardiologists ✱ Specialist registrar doctors and cardiology nurses ESTIMATED ✱ Medicine students RETAIL PRICE FORMAT: 22 × 28 cm NUMBER OF PAGES: 48-50 NUMBER OF IMAGES: 44 BINDING: hardcover, wire-o

€75

Authors MARÍA VICTORIA MOGOLLÓN JIMÉNEZ Degree in medicine from the University of Navarra. Specialist qualification in cardiology at the Virgen del Rocío Hospital in Seville. She is currently working as a cardiologist at the University Hospital Complex of Cáceres.

LUIS ENRIQUE LEZCANO GORT Degree in medicine and surgery from the University of Havana. Specialist qualification in cardiology at the

University Hospital of Cáceres. Deputy head of the Cardiology department of the University Hospital of Cáceres.

ZINEB KOUNKA Degree in medicine and surgery from the University of Cádiz. Currently a consultant at the University Hospital Complex of Cáceres and the Virgen del Puerto de Plasencia Hospital.

KEY FEATURES:

➜ Very visual sheets. Excellent quality illustrations. ➜ Very useful tool for communication with cardiac patients. ➜ The main aspects that the professional usually faces in the field of cardiology are precisely and rigorously described in this book.

Presentation of the book Understanding on the part of cardiac patients of what is happening in their heart, the symptoms they suffer and the treatments they need, is essential to achieve their acceptance and involvement in the therapy.

To facilitate explanations and make the time spent with them profitable, the healthcare professional could make use of this work, which includes anatomical and physiological aspects of the functioning of the cardiovascular system as well as its main pathological processes. All this is organised in a clear way, in large cardiac syndromes, so that finding the material of interest is as fast and intuitive as possible.

The clarity and precision of the drawings of each of these sheets, accompanied by the text written by several specialists in the field, make this atlas an additional tool in daily clinical practice, which can facilitate the doctor-patient relationship

Patient information atlas. Cardiology

The authors María Victoria Mogollón Jiménez Degree in medicine from the University of Navarra. Advanced studies diploma from the University of Seville. Specialist qualification in cardiology at the Virgen del Rocío Hospital in Seville. She is currently working as a cardiologist at the University Hospital Complex of Cáceres, specialising in the field of Cardiac imaging, congenital and family cardiopathies.

She has accreditation in “Adult transthoracic echocardiography” from the “European Society of Cardiology”, as well as several masters and postgraduate degrees.

Luis Enrique Lezcano Gort Degree in medicine and surgery from the University of Havana. Specialist qualification in internal medicine from the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the University of Havana. Specialist qualification in cardiology at the University Hospital of Cáceres. Deputy head of the Cardiology department of the University Hospital of Cáceres. Coordinator and head of the cardio-oncology unit.

Degree in medicine and surgery from the University of Cádiz. Training in cardiology at the University Hospital Complex of Cáceres-Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara. University masters degree in Diagnostic imaging in cardiology. Visiting fellow at Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Coronary Care Unit at Foothills Hospital and Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, Calgary, Canada. Currently working as a consultant at the University Hospital Complex of Cáceres and the Virgen del Puerto de Plasencia Hospital.

hkeita/shutterstock.com

Zineb Kounka

Table of contents 1. Normal heart How does a normal heart work?

Anatomy of a healthy heart Cardiac physiology

2. Heart failure Heart failure Pathophysiology Diagnostic tests Treatment Prevention

3. Cardiovascular risk and ischemic cardiopathology Cardiovascular prevention. Arterial hypertension. Lipids Arterial hypertension Lipid alteration Diabetes mellitus Acute myocardial infarction Pathophysiology Diagnostic tests Treatment and prevention Chronic angina pectoris Pathophysiology Diagnostic tests Treatment and prevention

5. Valvulopathies and myocardopathies Valvulopathies. Aortic stenosis.

Mitral insufficiency Pathophysiology Diagnostic tests Treatment and prevention Cardiomyopathies. Dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic and infiltrative Pathophysiology Diagnostic tests Treatment and prevention

6. Diseases of the pericardium and the aorta Diseases of the pericardium.

Pericarditis. Pericardial effusion Pathophysiology Diagnostic tests Treatment and prevention Diseases of the aorta. Acute aortic syndromes. Aortic aneurysm Pathophysiology Diagnostic tests Treatment and prevention

4. Arrhythmias Atrial arrhythmias. Atrial fibrillation Pathophysiology Diagnostic tests Treatment and prevention Ventricular arrhythmias. Sudden cardiac death Pathophysiology Diagnostic tests Treatment and prevention

Plaza Antonio Beltrán Martínez, 1 Centro Empresarial El Trovador planta 8, oficina 50002 Zaragoza, España

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+34 976 461 480

Patient information atlas Cardiology Review and texts: M.ª Victoria Mogollón Jiménez, Luis Enrique Lezcano Gort and Zineb Kounka

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PATIENT INFORMATION ATLAS. CARDIOLOGY

HEART FAILURE

Pathophysiology

3

Heart damage caused by a medical illness or condition, or by combinations of them. The detection and early treatment of these conditions can prevent or delay its development.

Causes

Symptoms

Ischemic heart disease

The appearance of any of these symptoms is a reason for medical consultation: ■ Dyspnoea or shortness of breath and limiting fatigue from activities of daily life.

■ Fluid retention or oedemas that cause swelling of the ankles.

■ Decrease in urine due to reduced blood flow through the kidneys.

■ Urinate several times at night (nocturia).

■ Rapid and unexplained weight gain due to fluid retention.

■ Sleeping difficulty due to fluid retention in the lungs.

Arteries clogged by fatty deposits

Arterial hypertension

Produces a work overload of the heart

Sleeping difficulty

Cardiomyopathies

Dyspnoea or shortness of breath Rapid weight gain Nocturia

Decrease in urine

Swelling of the ankles

Valvulopathies

Abnormal contraction and/ or relaxation of the heart muscle

Other symptoms: Lack of appetite due to the feeling of abdominal fullness.

■ Dizziness due to reduced blood flow to the brain.

■ Feeling tired due to muscle fatigue.

■ Palpitations.

■

Narrowing or not proper closing of the valves

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HEART FAILURE

9

HEART FAILURE

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Diagnostic tests The diagnosis is based on the symptoms and a physical examination of the person.

However, there are many diagnostic tests that can help provide more information about the disease.

Electrocardiogram Electric activity of the heart recorded by electrodes attached to the skin.

Allows diagnosing heart rhythm problems and heart damage.

Chest X-ray Allows an assessment of the lungs and heart, in addition to helping the diagnosis of other diseases.

Stress test It is done with exercise or coupled with intravenous medication.

Allows an assessment of the response of the heart to effort.

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Blood test Detects specific markers of heart disease (NT-proBNP).

Echocardiography Provides information on the anatomy and function of the heart muscle, as well as the heart cavities and valves.

Cardiac catheterisation A thin tube (catheter) is inserted through an artery in the arm or groin and guided to the coronary arteries. Detects possible narrowness or clogging in the arteries.

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PATIENT INFORMATION ATLAS. CARDIOLOGY

HEART FAILURE

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Treatment Heart failure is a chronic disease that normally requires lifelong treatment. It consists of an association of medication with a staggered onset. In some cases, surgery or a procedure to treat the underlying problem that caused heart failure is indicated. Sometimes, it is necessary to use devices that help the heart beat and contract properly.

Stage 1

Stage 2 Symptoms

Stage 3

Persistence of symptoms

Stage 4 Refractory symptoms Surgery device

Pharmacological treatment Phase 2 Pharmacological treatment Phase 1 Prevention

Devices and surgery

Subcutaneous AICD. It restores the heart rate

Cable to right atrium

Cable to right ventricle

Automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD)

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CRT Coordinates the contraction of the two ventricles

Cable to left ventricle Cable to right ventricle

Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy (CRT)

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Medical treatment Phase 1

Phase 2 Decreases: The degradation of natriuretic peptides (peptides that increase the discharge of sodium and water in urine).

■ Blood pressure.

■ Protects the heart from the development of fibrosis.

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■

Diuretics

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Angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARA II)

Increase in urine excretion.

Decrease the accumulation of fluid in body and lungs.

Aldosterone antagonists

They block the effects of aldosterone, a hormone that worsens cardiac insufficiency.

■ Weak potassium-sparing diuretics (meaning that it is sometimes necessary to monitor their levels).

Gliflozins

Oral antidiabetics may be useful as they favour the elimination (through urine) of: ■ Sugar.

■ Water.

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Vasodilators, decrease: ■ Blood pressure.

■ The workload of the heart.

Decrease: ■ Heart rate.

■ Blood pressure.

■ The strength exerted by the heart.

Beta blockers

Sacubitril

Blood pumped to the aorta

Heart transplanted from healthy donor

Blood from the left ventricle enters VAD

VAD mechanical pump. Pumps blood to the rest of the body

Ventricular Assist Device (VAD)

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Heart transplant

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PATIENT INFORMATION ATLAS. CARDIOLOGY

HEART FAILURE

6

Hygiene-dietary measures

Healthy habits Weight control Allows early detection of fluid retention: ■ Same time.

■ Before breakfast.

■ Same scale.

Medication control ■ ■

Regular physical exercise

■ ■

Helps strengthen the heart.

Schedule of taking.

Carry a list of medicines.

Know their function.

Do not modify the doses or abandon the treatment.

Healthy diet A varied and balanced diet helps prevent cardiovascular diseases.

Sex According to the indications of the doctor.

Risk factors

Unhealthy diet

Tobacco and alcohol

Salt causes fluid retention and saturated fats increase blood cholesterol and its accumulation in arteries.

■ ■

Hypertension

Obesity and blood cholesterol

Increases cardiac work.

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Diabetes High probability of ischemic heart disease and heart failure.

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Weakens the heart muscle.

Accelerates the heart rate and damages the coronary arteries.

■

Increases cardiac work and the risk of ischemic heart disease.

High blood cholesterol-LDL increases the risks of cardiovascular disease.

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The publishing strength of Grupo AsĂ­s Grupo AsĂ­s, with its imprints Servet and Edra, has become one of the reference publishing companies in the health science field worldwide. More than 15 years of experience in the publishing of contents guarantees the quality of its work. With a wide national and international distribution, the books in its catalogue are present in many different countries and have been translated into nine languages to date: English, French, Portuguese, German, Italian, Turkish, Japanese, Russian and Chinese.

Its identifying characteristic is a large multidisciplinary team formed by doctors and graduates in Health Sciences and Fine Arts, and specialised designers with a great knowledge of the sector in which they work. Every book is subject to thorough technical and linguistic reviews and analyses, which allow the creation of works with a unique design and excellent contents.

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