PRESENTATION
BROCHURE
Pet owner educational atlas
NEUROLOGY Texts and review: Juan José Mínguez Molina
PET OWNER EDUCATIONAL ATLAS
Pet owner educational atlas
NEUROLOGY
Neurology
Texts and review: Juan José Mínguez Molina
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14/1/19 12:00
REVIEW AND TEXTS: Juan José Mínguez Molina. FORMAT: 22 × 28 cm. NUMBER OF PAGES: 76. NUMBER OF SHEETS: 70. BINDING: hardcover, wire-o.
RETAIL PRICE
€75
eBook included
Like the preceding volumes in this series, the goal of this new
Pet Owner Educational Atlas – dedicated to neurology in dogs and cats – is to assist veterinary surgeons in providing pet owners with appropriate explanations regarding their pet’s condition or treatment. In addition to facilitating the communication of complex neurological concepts, the information provided will also help practicing veterinary surgeons to consolidate their knowledge in this particular specialty.
Presentation of the book Achieving the owner’s acceptance and implication, both in the required diagnostic tests and the therapeutic compliance, is an essential aspect for the optimal resolution of any clinical case. To this end, it is necessary that he or she understands what is happening to the pet and what diagnostic and treatment guidelines are being established by the veterinary surgeon. In order to make the explanations easier and take profit from the time dedicated to them, the practitioner can rely on this book, where anatomical and physiological aspects of the nervous system are gathered, as well as the main techniques and diagnostic tools that can be applied and the most common pathological conditions and neurological diseases. The clarity and accuracy of the illustrations on every sheet, accompanied by the texts of an expert in this issue like Juan J. MĂnguez, will be an important support point for the veterinary surgeon in those cases presenting a neurological problem.
Pet owner educational atlas | NEUROLOGY
Review and texts Juan José Mínguez Molina Graduated in Veterinary Medicine by the Complutense University of Madrid in 1995. He obtained a postgraduate degree in Neurology and Neurosurgery I, II and III at the Postgraduate degree at the European School for Advanced Veterinary Studies (ESAVS) in Bern (Switzerland) from 2003 to 2006. Accredited by AVEPA in neurology and neurosurgery in 2013. Since October 2008 he holds a position at the European College of Veterinary Neurology in order to obtain the European Diploma in neurology, rotating his work at the Neurology and Neurosurgery Service of the Veterinary Hospital of Guadiamar in Sanlúcar la Mayor (Sevilla), and at the Veterinary Neurology Center in Getafe (Madrid).
He is member of the European Society of Veterinary Neurology (ESVN) and the Group of Neurology and Neurosurgery of AVEPA.
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In addition to his jobs as clinical neurologist, he participates in research projects collaborating with medical institutions like the University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, University Hospital Virgen de la Macarena, and the National Throttle Center. He is author of many different publications and has participated as speaker in various courses and congresses, as well as the Master of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery of the Complutense University of Madrid, teaching issues related to spinal surgery.
Pet owner educational atlas
NEUROLOGY Texts and review: Juan José Mínguez Molina
Table of contents 1. Anatomy and physiology of the nervous system
3. Pathologies of the CNS Epilepsy and related syndromes
• Nervous system (CNS and PNS)
• Epilepsy
• Nervous system (CNS and PSNS)
• Cauda equina syndrome
• Brain
• Central vestibular syndrome
• Spinal cord
• Peripheral vestibular syndrome
• Cranial nerves • Reflex arc • Micturition reflex
2. Clinical evaluation and diagnostic tests Examination • Alterations in mental status and level of consciousness • Abnormal postures • Postural reactions • Cranial nerve assessment • Evaluation of hindlimb and forelimb spinal reflexes • Other spinal reflexes
Diagnostic tests and techniques • Collection of cerebrospinal fluid • Myelography
Compressive lesions of the spinal cord • Atlantoaxial instability • Caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy (wobbler syndrome) • Vertebral malformations • Herniated disc • Spinal cord injuries • Vertebral tumours
Non-compressive lesions of the spinal cord • Vascular myelopathies • Aortic thromboembolism • Infectious inflammation • Noninfectious inflammation • Syringohydromyelia • Spinal dysraphism • Degenerative myelopathy
Encephalopathy
• Electrophysiological tests
• Cerebrovascular accident
• Other tests
• Inflammatory encephalopathies
• Hydrocephalus
• Lesions of the sciatic and radial nerves
• Caudal occipital malformation syndrome (COMS)
• Brachial plexus avulsion
• Subarachnoid diverticulum • Hepatic encephalopathy • Traumatic brain injury
• Lumbar compression syndrome • Metabolic neuropathies • Myasthenia gravis • Myositis
• Brain tumours • Cognitive dysfunction syndrome
Cerebellar pathologies • Disorders of the cerebellum • Cortical cerebellar degeneration
5. Elimination disorders • Urination disorders • Defecation disorders
• Idiopathic cerebellitis
Neuro-ophthalmology • Vision process and its responses • Ophthalmoscopy and other diagnostic tests • Horner’s syndrome
6. Neurosurgery: surgical techniques • Rostrotentorial and caudal fossa craniotomy • Transfrontal and suboccipital craniotomy • Hemilaminectomy • Dorsal laminectomy
4. Pathologies of the PNS
• Ventral cervical spinal cord decompression
• Classification of pathologies of the PNS
• Corpectomy
• Inflammatory neuropathies
• Disc fenestration
• Idiopathic facial neuropathy
• Neurosurgery-associated complications
• Acute idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis
• Postoperative care
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PET OWNER EDUCATIONAL ATLAS. NEUROLOGY
2 Nervous system (CNS and PSNS) The manner in which the nervous system operates is comparable to that of a computer network. The central nervous system (CNS) is analogous to the main computer, i.e. the server that receives and processes all information. In this scenario, the peripheral devices correspond to the set of nerves that begin in the spinal cord and the brain and give rise to the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic) corresponds to an internal control device, connecting the entire network and adapting its overall function.
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Eye-Tear gland 1
Salivary glands
Brain
2
Lungs
1
3
Cervical Heart
2
4
Liver Stomach
Thoracic
Pancreas Small intestine Large intestine 3 4
Rectum
5
Kidneys-Adrenal glands
Lumbar
Reproductive organs 5
Bladder
Sacral
6
1 2 3
Superior cervical ganglion Stellate ganglion Celiac ganglion
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Spinal cord
4 5 6
Cranial mesenteric ganglion Caudal mesenteric ganglion Sympathetic trunk
1 2 3
Oculomotor nerve (III) Facial nerve (VII) Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
4 5
Vagus nerve (X) Pelvic plexus
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
3 Brain This is the most important organ of the nervous system. The function of the brain is to exert centralised control over the rest of the body’s organs. It is located inside the skull and subdivided into the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.
Encephalon of the cat (external view) Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Olfactory bulb
Brainstem
Cranial nerves
Encephalon of the dog (sagittal section)
Cerebral hemisphere
Corpus callosum
Choroid plexus Quadrigeminal of the 3rd cistern ventricle
Arachnoid villi Splenial sulci Dorsal sagittal venous sinus Dura mater Arachnoid mater Meninges Subarachnoid space Pia mater Cerebellum
Mesencephalic duct
Interthalamic adhesion Olfactory bulb Optic chiasm Interventricular foramen
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Spinal cord Mammillary body
Pons
Pituitary 3rd ventricle
4th ventricle
Choroid plexus of the 4th ventricle
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PET OWNER EDUCATIONAL ATLAS. NEUROLOGY
4 Spinal cord This is the most caudal part of the central nervous system, and extends from the medulla oblongata to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It connects the brain to the rest of the body and is well protected by the spinal column, the meninges, and the cerebrospinal fluid.
Its three main functions are: ■
■
■
To send messages from the brain to other parts of the body (usually a muscle) to stimulate an action. To send the messages received from the sensory receptors throughout the entire body to the brain. To coordinate reflexes (rapid responses to external stimuli that are not transmitted to the brain but directly processed by the spinal cord).
Vertebra
Dura mater Arachnoid mater
Subarachnoid space Dorsal spinal arteries
Pia mater
Spinal cord
White matter Grey matter Ventral spinal artery Longitudinal ligament
Intervertebral disc
Ventral venous plexus Spinal nerve (dorsal branch) Spinal ganglion
Spinal nerve (ventral branch)
Sympathetic trunk (ganglion) Aorta Ramus communicans
Peripheral nervous system
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Sympathetic nervous system
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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
5 Cranial nerves These nerves pass through small orifices located at the base of the skull, and are responsible for transmitting information and connecting the brain with different parts of the body (e.g. sensory organs, motor system, muscles, organs).
I
Olfactory nerve (I)
Trigeminal nerve (V)
II
III Optic nerve (II)
Facial nerve (VII)
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII IX
X XII
Oculomotor nerve (III) Trochlear nerve (IV) Abducens nerve (VI)
Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
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XI
Vagus nerve (X)
Spinal accessory nerve (XI) Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
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PET OWNER EDUCATIONAL ATLAS. NEUROLOGY
6 Reflex arc The reflex arc includes an afferent pathway, the spinal cord region in which the information is integrated (via interneurons), and an efferent pathway, formed by lower motor neurons (LMNs), which innervates a muscle or muscle group (myotome). The information is not only processed locally, but also ascends to the sensory cortex and the cerebellum. A response is then generated that travels along the upper motor neurons (UMNs) towards the corresponding spinal segment and modulates the reflex arc via an inhibitory mechanism.
A reflex is defined as the involuntary and quantitatively invariable response of the nervous system to a stimulus.
Motor cortical regions
Sensory cortical regions
Neuromuscular junction
Thalamus
Sensory nerve (afferent pathway)
Stimulus
Cerebellum
Motor nerve (efferent pathway) Interneuron
Damage to these pathways results in disinhibition of the reflex arc, giving rise to an exaggerated response (hyperreflexia and muscle hypertrophy, i.e. UMN signs). If any of the components of the reflex arc (sensory pathway, spine integrating centre, or motor pathway) are damaged, maximum inhibition will occur, resulting in an attenuation of the response (hyporeflexia and hypotonia, i.e. LMN signs).
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Spinal cord
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The publishing strength of Grupo AsĂs Editorial Servet, a division of Grupo AsĂs, has become one of the reference publishing companies in the veterinary sector worldwide. More than 15 years of experience in the publishing of contents about veterinary medicine guarantees the quality of its work. With a wide national and international distribution, the books in its catalogue are present in many different countries and have been translated into nine languages to date: English, French, Portuguese, German, Italian, Turkish, Japanese, Russian and Chinese. Its identifying characteristic is a large multidisciplinary team formed by doctors and graduates in Veterinary Medicine and Fine Arts, and specialised designers with a great knowledge of the sector in which they work. Every book is subject to thorough technical and linguistic reviews and analyses, which allow the creation of works with a unique design and excellent contents. Servet works with the most renowned national and international authors to include the topics most demanded by veterinary surgeons in its catalogue. In addition to its own works, Servet also prepares books for companies and the main multinational companies in the sector are among its clients.
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