CO-AUTHORED AND CURATED BY JOY SIGAUD IN COLLABORATION WITH THE JAMAICAN HIGH COMMISSION UK An EDITIONS Media Windrush Legacy Publication
A Windrush Legacy Publication
7
Acknowledgements Editor: Joy Sigaud
This book is published by Editions Media Limited on behalf of the Jamaican High Commission UK.
Assistant Editor: Miranda Pyne Editorial Assistants: Carol Lee-Lea, Serena Lee, Claudette Barrett-Francis
His Excellency, Seth George Ramocan High Commissioner of Jamaica wishes to express his gratitude to the volunteers, sponsors and all who have contributed to the compilation of this book:
Design: Frank Tyson Production Manager: Angus Thompson
SPONSORS: Windrush Day Community Grant Scheme Grace Foods (UK)
The Nurses Association of Jamaica UK for their invaluable support. The publishers wish to acknowledge the staff and interns at the High Commission including Deputy High Commissioners Angella Rose-Howell (former) and Patricia Laird Grant for their time and dedication.
Members of the Executive Committee include: His Excellency Seth George Ramocan, Mrs Joy Sigaud, Ms Paulette Lewis MBE, Ms Carol Lee-Lea, Mrs Vivienne Siva, Mrs Delores Cooper OD, Editions Media Limited, Mrs Angella Rose-Howell. Other supporting High Commission staff members include: Mrs Juliet Dennison, Ms Angela Edwards, Ms Ann-Marie Pinkney, Mrs Claudette Barrett-Francis.
Jamaica National Bank (JNB) Victoria Mutual Building Society UK
Features and articles written by J Sigaud (Editions Media) unless otherwise stated.
Port Royal Patties
NOMINATIONS SECTION
National Commercial Bank (NCB) UK
Writers and Sub-Editors: Alex Gordon, Colin Tomlin, Jacqueline Thomas, Veronica Clarke, Debbie Lawrence, Lorna Jackson, Beverly Lindsay, Emelia Kenlock, Serena Lee, Georgina Robinson, Merika Ramocan, Paula Neil, Martin Williams.
Editions Media Limited JP Shipping Services Limited NBC Distributions Limited The Voice Newspaper JLB Shipping Diamond Travel Dees Import Professor Sir Godfrey Palmer CD, OBE Mr. Wade Lyn CD, CBE Lady Colin Campbell
Research and Administration: Charles Small, Oryo Eubanks, Aisha Asher-Morgan, Alan Oakley, Skinder Hundel OBE, Karen Hamilton-Bannis, Valerie Graham, Nadine James, Shayna Lewis, Sherece Rainford, Georgina Robinson, Dr. Michael Sivapragasam, Tameka Small, Tiffany Stewart, Tanesha Westcarr, Raona Williams. Monica Coke, Dr Lola Ramocan, Joan Blaney CBE, Winifred Adeyemi, Michelle Curtis, Lenaine Foster-Bennett, Janet Lawrence, Hermin McIntosh, Susan Pitter, Mia Morris, Claudette (Laws) Parry, Pablo Reid, Melody Walker, Alan Oakley. We also wish to acknowledge and thank: The Windrush Foundation, Visit Britain, Tate Britain, Goldsmiths University of London, Black Cultural Archives, Jim Grover, Evewright Arts Foundation, National Portrait Gallery, Britannica, Wikipedia, Charlie Philips, Museum of London Archives, Supra National Consultancy Limited, Sandals Foundation, “Moving Out” by Lorna Holder, Mervyn Weir, University of Huddersfield Professor Wendy Webster, Vanley Burke, Neil Kenlock.
Jamaican High Commission, Editions Media Limited © 2020. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,transmitted in any form nor by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise without prior consent of the publisher in writing. We disclaim any and all liabilities as a result of the information published in this book including damages or loss as a result of use or misuse of the book. ISBN 978-1-3999-1828-2. Please note that many entries were submitted by members of the Jamaican diaspora in the UK. The entries cannot always be read as entirely accurate but we have endeavoured where possible to ensure that they are.
8
Courtesy: VB
9
Courtesy Neil Kenlock
22
Windrush The Story The story began long before 1948. The mighty British public relations machine had successfully enticed the British to migrate from England to Jamaica up until and during the colonial era. In wartime Britain the machine was again switched on, but this time, in reverse. Of the 15,204 soldiers from the British West Indies Regiment (BWIR), formed in 1915, a staggering 10,280 were Jamaican and that was not the beginning of the military story. As far back as 1795, free Blacks and slaves had been recruited to fight for the British in the former West India Regiment. In 1807, all serving Black soldiers who had been recruited as slaves were freed by an Act of Parliament. Much of Europe was destroyed during the Second World War. By 1944, the British government realised that just as they had called on the Colonies for assistance in warfare over the centuries, they would now need assistance to rebuild and grow. The propaganda machine set to work again, but this time to invite Afro-Caribbeans to come to live and work in Britain, with the promise and prospect of a better life.
Windrush migrants - 22nd June 1948
HMT Empire Windrush set sail from Kingston on 24th May 1948 and arrived at the Tilbury Docks London on 21st June, almost a month later. The Jamaican passengers disembarked on the 22nd June 1948. Some already had relatives or friends in Britain and those passengers with no place to stay were offered shelter in the former underground Air Raid Shelter in Clapham South, London. For these passengers, many of whom had only intended to stay a few years, save some money and return “home” it was the dawning of a new life. This first wave of pioneers and those who followed in subsequent decades had no idea that Britain was to become their permanent home and the home of their children for generations to come. Their lives had changed forever!
Every Jamaican child had learned about Great Britain in school. Demobbed veterans of World War II had returned to Jamaica after the war with tales of their experiences in Britain and many yearned to return to the “mother country.” The public relations campaign in Jamaica was so effective that when the HMT Empire Windrush docked in Kingston, Jamaica, in May 1948, there was in fact a scramble to purchase tickets for the journey. People came from all over the island, some had existing skills, including the many ex-servicemen. In May 1948, 492 Jamaicans boarded the ship at a cost of £28.10 shillings (approximately £1000 today).
23
FORE WORD By Arthur Torrington CBE
When MV Empire Windrush landed at Tilbury Docks, Essex, on 22 June 1948, British Pathé News announced: “The Empire Windrush brings
to Britain 500 Jamaicans, citizens of the British Empire coming to the mother country with good intent.”
On Wednesday June 23, 1948, The Times newspaper reported the arrival of MV Empire Windrush under the headline “Jamaicans arrive to seek work.” The article said: “Of the 492 Jamaicans who arrived at Tilbury on Monday to seek work in this country, 236 were housed last night in Clapham South Deep Shelter. The remainder had friends to whom they could go with and prospects of work. The men had arrived at Tilbury in the ex-troopship Empire Windrush. Among them are singers, students, pianists, boxers and a complete dance band. Thirty or forty had already volunteered to work as miners.” The ship in fact carried more than 1027 passengers, including hundreds of other men, women and children from the West Indies/Bermuda, British Guiana (now Guyana), Trinidad, Barbados, and British Honduras (now Belize), as well as 66 Polish refugees who embarked at Mexico. The ship travelled from Tilbury Docks, then Southampton, Trinidad, Jamaica, Cuba, Mexico, Cuba, Bermuda and Tilbury Docks. The passenger list shows people of diverse heritage including African, Indian, Chinese, European, et al. Their arrival signalled the beginning of a new era in British history. Among the passengers was a WWII RAF serviceman, Jamaican born, Sam B. King, age 22, who was determined to make Empire Windrush iconic, and their arrival to be annually commemorated. On board, he took the names and addresses of dozens of his friends. He sent them Christmas cards annually, and on 22 June 1988, he brought them together at Lambeth Town Hall, London, to celebrate the 40th anniversary of their arrival. The event was hosted by the Mayor of Lambeth. There is a Plaque on the Town Hall’s wall to mark the occasion, and the event, the first occasion of its kind. The now late Sam King was the first to coin the phrase, Windrush Generation, to represent his fellow passengers and friends. Sam and Arthur Torrington (of Guyanese heritage) set up Windrush Foundation, a charitable organisation, in 1995 to ensure that the Windrush Day commemoration of June 1988 would continue forever. This was materialised in June 2018 when the British Government institutionalised Windrush Day, as one to be nationally commemorated. 2018 was also the year that brought to light an immigration scandal that highlighted gross injustices to thousands of Caribbean people who had travelled to the UK with their parents during the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. British Government’s hostile environment laws caused them, now aged over 50 to be wrongly put into detention centres, deported to the Caribbean, sacked from their jobs, denied health service treatment, and other horrendous things. The injustice became known as the Windrush Scandal, and most of the victims were Jamaicans. The Government’s apologies and an offer of more than £300 million in compensation to victims have not ameliorated the situation. Sam B. King was among hundreds of Jamaicans who made outstanding contributions to Britain. This book includes some of them. Their services feature in all walks of life. They were in the majority on Empire Windrush and after 1950 hundreds of thousands settled in the UK. They have played a crucial role in the rebuilding of Britain after WWII, having brought with them their own culture which has become an integral part of Britain’s culture. This book will introduce you to new personalities and new stories.
32
Nominated Candidates Selected by the British Jamaican Diaspora
Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the entries, it cannot be guaranteed. We disclaim any and all liabilities as a result of the information published in this book including damages or loss as a result of use or misuse of the book. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or reprinted in any form without the express permission of the publishers in writing. Jamaican High Commission UK © Editions Media Limited ©
33
Photo: Winter Scene Courtesy Hardt Antoine
Many people who arrived during the winter months were quite perplexed by the deciduous trees, void of leaves and greenery, believing they had all withered and suffered an unfortunate demise. 34
Diane Abbott MP
Camille Eloise Ade-John
Gladstone (George) Afflick
Politician
Activist
Activism
Britain’s first Black female MP Diane Juliet Abbott was born in 1953 in west London to Jamaican parents Reginald and Julia Abbott. She was educated at Harrow County School for Girls and read history at Newnham College, University of Cambridge.
Camille Eloise Ade-John was born in Johnson Mountain, St Thomas, Jamaica, and attended school in the parish of Portland.
Gladstone (George) Afflick was born in Portland, Jamaica, in 1942 and moved to the UK at the age of 17.
In 1971 Ade-John left Jamaica to join her parents in Birmingham, England.
Afflick wanted to study medicine or law, but the racism he encountered in the enrolment process deterred him, and he sought alternative employment to earn a living.
After university, she was fast-tracked into a senior civil service role at the Home Office. From 1978-80, she worked as the race relations officer at the National Council for Civil Liberties before working in the media, first as a researcher for Thames Television, then as a press officer for the Greater London Council before becoming head of publicity for Lambeth Council (1986-1987). In 1982, Abbott was elected to Westminster Council, serving a four-year term. During this period, she was active in the Labour Party Black Sections movement and sought greater representation for Black and Asian members. Her historic election to the House of Commons in 1987, alongside three other Black MPs – Bernie Grant, Paul Boateng and Keith Vaz, changed the face of parliament. Abbott has been re-elected as MP for Hackney North and Stoke Newington continuously since 1987. Abbott has chaired the All-Party Parliamentary British-Caribbean Group and the All-Party Sickle Cell and Thalassemia Group and founded the London Schools and the Black Child Initiative. Abbott’s speech on civil liberties during the Counter-Terrorism Bill 2008 debate won The Spectator magazine’s Parliamentary Speech of the Year Award. She swung behind Jeremy Corbyn’s successful election as Labour leader and in 2015 found herself back on the front bench as shadow minister for International Development. She was promoted to shadow home secretary in 2016 until Keir Starmer was elected as Labour leader in 2020. Abbott is known for her principled views on a variety of subjects, including Britain’s military interventions and cutbacks in public services. Abbott married the Ghanaian architect David P Ayensu-Thompson in 1991. She divorced two years later and has one son.
She worked as a secretary before migrating to Nigeria in 1976 with her fiancé, where she worked as a personal assistant to a professor at Lagos University. On the birth of her daughter in 1980, Ade-John returned to Birmingham and joined the Commission for Racial Equality on their Community Service Scheme to find quality placements for unemployed young people. She gained a 2.1 honours degree in Sociology from Birmingham Polytechnic (1989) and, following two lecturing appointments at Sandwell College and Solihull College, left to pursue her first love: community work. Camille was manager of education at the Afro-Caribbean Association for Economic and Social Security and liaised with Sheffield University and Birmingham City Council to place young people in sustainable employment and university. She was a founding member and education and training manager of The Drum Arts Centre in Aston, Birmingham, where she successfully fundraised to furnish and equip the building for technical and catering training. Ade-John, along with Joan Campbell, founded Community Vision West Midlands , focusing on at-risk families, providing support for a wide range of socio-economic problems and victims of serious crime. She has held numerous positions, including as member of the Race Equality Advisory Group and the Scrutiny Group of West Midlands Police. Ade-John was also a member and director of COPE, a Black mental health charity (2005-2011). In 2004, Ade-John raised funds and assistance for the Grenadian victims of Hurricane Ivan. When she returned to Jamaica in 2015, the then Jamaican High Commissioner, and over 200 guests, gave her a resounding farewell party.
35
His first job was in the weaving room at Horrockses Mill on Stanley Street in Preston. He lodged with his uncle before later moving in with Sybil Daley (his life partner). Passionate about cricket, Afflick hosted the first meetings to address discrimination and racism in this field. He pointed out that when Black cricketers sought to join various cricket clubs in Preston, they were not welcomed. This eventually led to the founding of the Jalgo Cricket Club (JCC) in 1962, which, shaped by Afflick, became a symbol of perseverance and strong leadership. JCC’s place in the Preston League opened possibilities for West Indian cricketers to play in English teams and in higher divisions. Black cricketers and supporters from across the Caribbean were given the opportunity to join, strengthening the support network for Black people in Preston. Afflick served as the League’s secretary for nine years. However, interest waned, and when it closed in 1994, there were only remaining five teams remaining. Afflick’s contributions went far beyond the JCC and indeed the UK. He ensured that Caribbean people became a central part of the Preston Guild in different sectors and ensured that Black heritage and history were well represented in the years that followed. He led a fundraising campaign to provide a solar hot water system in the National Children’s Home in Kingston, which was realised in 2014. Afflick was a founding member of the Jamaican National Council, and in 2002 he succeeded Lewis Walker as chairman of the northern region.
Aswad Music Aswad (meaning ‘Black’ in Arabic) were an iconic and uniquely Black British band, whose members grew up in the Ladbroke Grove area of north west London in the sixties Aswad, the sons of immigrants from different Caribbean islands and mainland Guyana, expressed the new roots reggae sound of a young, Black and English generation. The band’s original members were founder and vocalist Brinsley Forde MBE (a famous child actor who also became a DJ for VH1 and a presenter on BBC Radio), Angus Gaye (drums/ vocals) Donald Griffiths (lead guitar), George Oban (Bass) and Courtney Hemmings (keyboards). They were joined later by Tony “Gad” Robinson. Their debut album was simply: Aswad on Island Records (1976). They gained world attention when their track “Back to Africa” hit number 1 in the UK reggae charts. In 1979 their second album Hulet, was released and they also produced the famous soundtrack for the iconic British film Babylon, a powerful instrumental called “Warrior Charge” (1980). The group’s 1983 Island release Live and Direct is considered one of the quintessential live reggae albums. The famous single, “Don’t Turn Around” topped the UK chart in 1988, and “Give A Little Love” was a top 20 hit.
Aswad has toured ‘worldwide’, and played with a vast range of musicians. They are the only British group to have recorded and/or performed in concert with top Jamaican artists such as Burning Spear, Bob Marley, Peter Tosh, Bunny Wailer, and Dawn Penn. According to band members, Aswad’s crowning moment was performing at the Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute concert (11 June 1988), in front of 75,000 well-wishers at Wembley Stadium, broadcasted to 67 countries and a worldwide audience of 600 million. Aswad have twice been nominated for a Grammy Award and received a MOBO award for Outstanding Contribution to Music (2000).
Dalian Atkinson
Sir William Atkinson DL
Football
Education
Dalian Robert Atkinson (21 March 1968 - 15 August 2016) was an English-born footballer of Jamaican heritage. During his career as a striker, he played in England for Ipswich Town, Sheffield Wednesday, Aston Villa and Manchester City. He also played for teams abroad, including in Spain for Real Sociedad, in France for Metz and, in Turkey for Fenerbahce. In 1994 he won the Football League Cup with Villa.
Sir William Atkinson is recognised as being one of the UK’s most respected headteachers.
The young and fast Atkinson impressed the football world first at Ipswich Town, especially against Middlesbrough in the 1987-88 season. In 1989, manager Ron Atkinson brought him to Sheffield Wednesday. In his only season there he scored 10 goals but was unable to save them from relegation. He then went to Real Sociedad for £1.7 million - the first Black player in its history. Atkinson was affectionately nicknamed El txipiron (The squid) by Sociedad fans during the 1990–91 season, during which he made a good contribution, scoring 12 goals in La Liga. Atkinson joined Aston Villa for £1.6 million in July 1991, where he was praised and loved by the fans. He scored against Wimbledon in a 3–2 away win on 3 October 1992, which won Match of the Day’s Goal of the Season award for the 1992–93 season, and also scored Villa’s first Premier League goal at Ipswich, and scored winning goal in the 1994 League Cup final win against Manchester United. In 1995 Atkinson was sold to Fenerbahce for £1.7 million. Sadly, Atkinson died on 15 August 2016 after an incident in which he was unlawfully tasered and kicked in the head by a police officer near his father’s house in Trench, Telford. Atkinson went into cardiac arrest on the way to the Princess Royal Hospital, where he was pronounced dead. The incident was referred to the Independent Police Complaints Commission and a police officer was found guilty of manslaughter in 2021.
40
Born in Jamaica (9 April 1950), Atkinson, his mother and two younger brothers relocated to the UK, to join his father in Battersea, London when he was seven. Atkinson went on to do teacher training in Portsmouth and took up his first teaching appointment at Portsmouth Modern Boys’ School in 1971. He became a deputy head and head at age 31 and 36, respectively. He is a graduate of King’s College London (MA, 1980) and has held several headteacher posts: Holloway Boys School, Copland Community School and Cranford Community School. In 1995 he became headteacher at the Phoenix High School, Hammersmith and Fulham, when it was one of the most challenging schools in the UK with only 4% of pupils achieving five top grade GCSE passes. He agreed to take the post on two conditions a) he would be the only candidate interviewed, and b) he would be allowed to manage without interference from the education authority. With a strong and resolute management style that put pupil educational interests first, he started the transformation. Under his guidance ,the school was turned around and eventually stood at the top of the Government’s exam tables for improved performance, receiving an ‘outstanding’ Ofsted report. Atkinson was knighted for “Services to Education and Community Relations” and has received several other awards, including the London Schools and the Black Child “Teacher of the Year” Award (2008). He has also recieved honorary doctorates from The Open University and University of North London for Services to Education. He has contributed to a range of television and radio programmes including Newsnight, Panorama and Question Time. Atkinson has been a member of the Department for Education and Skills (DfES) Standards Task Force; Special Measures Action Recovery Team; The Industrial Society; J. Sainsbury Education Board, and the Home Office Youth Justice Task Force.
Shaun Bailey AM
Danny Barnes
John Barnes MBE
Politician, Journalist
Community Development
Football
Shaun Bailey was born in London to Jamaican parents in 1971. His grandfather, who had served in WWII had lived in Britain since 1947. He grew up in social housing with his mother and the support of his uncles.
Danny Barnes is the founder of Acknowledging Youths CIC, an organisation that supports young people to improve their lives by providing education, training and employment opportunities.
John Charles Bryan Barnes was born 7 November 1963 in Jamaica, the son of a Trinidadian military officer, Roderick Barnes and Jamaican mother Frances Hill. At the age of 12, the family moved to London.
Bailey had a chequered youth and overcame many adversities and the trappings of gang culture before turning his life around. By the age of 27, he had graduated in computer-aided engineering from London South Bank University. In May 2006, Bailey co-founded MyGeneration, a charity that aimed to address inner-city social issues. Shortly afterwards, Bailey entered politics and was selected by the Conservative Party to stand in the Hammersmith constituency where he was unsuccessful. He also began research work at the Centre for Policy Studies - writing articles for the press. In 2010, he was appointed by the then Prime Minister David Cameron as a special advisor on youth and crime. Following that period, he was moved to the Cabinet Office on a part-time basis. In 2015, Bailey was selected as the third Conservative candidate on the London Assembly top-up list after Kemi Badenoch and Andrew Boff. Bailey became a household name when he was selected as the Conservative candidate in 2018 to run in the 2020 London Mayoral Election. He came second out of numerous candidates in the final vote, which was eventually won by the incumbent Labour party candidate Sadiq Khan.
Barnes had a troubled start to his life and spent time in prison, experienced gang life and was homeless. Inspired by his daughter to make a change, he decided to turn his life around and give back to the local area by supporting young people to make positive life choices. In 2012, Barnes started working in the local community to find out more about what support local young people needed.
Acknowledging Youths CIC now offers young people one-to-one support to help them identify where they could get work, help with CV writing and training in interview techniques. The organisation also works with juvenile ex-offenders, drug dealers, gang members, young people in care, and pupil referral units for young people who are not able to attend mainstream education, often due to exclusion. To date, AY CIC has worked with 4,000 young people across London, and they plan on opening a community hub to promote positive community cohesion and wellbeing. Barnes recognises how entrepreneurial young people are, and to help them get started, he set up an Enterprise Club in partnership with NatWest to give them the opportunity to make it on their own.
At age 17, Barnes signed for Watford. Over six years, Barnes made 233 appearances, scored 65 goals and made his international debut for England in 1983. Barnes joined Liverpool for £900,000 (1987), becoming part of the formidable Liverpool attacking line. Between 1987 and 1997, Liverpool won the First Division and FA Cup twice, with Barnes playing a pivotal role. Barnes was named the PFA Players’ Player of the Year twice (1987–88 and 1989–90) and the Football Writers’ Association Footballer of the Year (1987–88). In a poll of Liverpool fans’ Favourite Player (2006), Barnes was fifth, and a year later, 4 4 2 magazine named him Liverpool’s Best Player of all Time. By 1995, the last time he played for England, Barnes had been capped 79 times – then a record for Black players. In the run-up to England’s 1990 FIFA World Cup campaign, he recorded the official team song, New Order’s World in Motion.
After two years with Newcastle United, he ended his playing career at Charlton Athletic in 1999. At Club Management, Barnes managed Celtic (1999) for one season, Jamaica National Team 2008-09 and Tranmere Rovers for four months in 2009. Barnes withstood racial abuse in the game, but remained one of Britain’s beloved players. Imported fresh foods, a staple of Jamaican diet, were soon available in markets. Today yams, plantains and sweet potatoes are nationally incorporated into British diets - even in the form of snacks and crisps. Many are now referred to as “Super Foods” because of the high nutritional value. Photo courtesy Angus Thompson
41
In 2005, Barnes was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame.
Tony Fairweather
Ivor E. Fairweather
Culture Entrepreneur
Activism
Tony Fairweather was born in Clapham, South London, in October 1958 to Jamaican parents. His father served with the British armed forces during WWII.
Ivor E Fairweather left Fairy Hill in Portland, Jamaica, and his wife and family, to migrate to the UK to sign up for the British Army. At the end of WWII, he was unemployed and homeless, finding refuge in the Clapham Common air-raid shelter.
Tony Fairweather worked as a residential social worker caring for mainly African-Caribbean children. He later worked for the Black co-owned Byrons Mens Wear in the West End.
Fairweather worked for the Royal Mint for 25 years until it relocated to Wales. Like many others in the community, he used “Paadnas” as an informal way to save money, which assisted many Caribbean families in homeownership.
Tony Fairweather launched NARADA, the first Black-owned culturally conscious store retailing African-centric products including books, board games, toys, prints, posters and cards, sourced from the US, African Continent and the Caribbean.
In 1955, now reunited the Fairweather family moved to 106 Cavendish Road, Clapham South. The house soon became a focal point for new and settled arrivals, enjoying a range of social activities, including house parties and dominos. These activities led to the forming of the Balham and Tooting Sports and Social Club (BTSSC).
He created the Voice Book Club that became the biggest Black book club in the UK. His love for books led him to form The Write Thing producing Black books, shows and events across the UK and US that linked educational and culturally specific events and audiences to established and emerging storytellers.
Politician Diane Abbott
Tour de force politician Diane Abbott A Legacy standing the test of time.
He is also the creator, producer and director of In Celebration Of My Sisters - an international Women’s Month event in the UK. Other events include In celebration Of Our Culture - celebrating Black History month and The Jerk Cookout, an outdoor Caribbean food festival in London and Birmingham. He has co-produced a number of events and activities, including The Angie Le Mar One Woman Show, in the West End and live music shows featuring the Kings and Queens of Lovers Rock and The Queens Of Lovers Rock. Tony Fairweather is the chair of Balham and Tooting Community and Sports Club Building committee.
96
The founders were Ivor Fairweather, Burton, Skinner, and four other men. The process of securing a property for cultural activities was complex. Despite the challenges, BTSSC was a great success, helping both young and old from the Caribbean community with an array of services, such as housing, health and social care, funeral, education, volunteering, and an assortment of cultural activities. It became a safe place where Black people actively engaged with one another and the society around them. The Balham and Tooting Sports and Social Club pioneering work has been visited by Jamaican Prime Ministers and High Commissioners, British MPs, London Mayors, actors, international athletes and artists, including Bob Marley, Dennis Brown and Gregory Issacs. As one of the founders of the BTSSC and chairman of its Domino’s Club, Ivor Fairweather has played a significant role supporting the Black community in the oldest Caribbean club in the UK owned by its members.
Tony Douglas, Trevor Walters, Dennis Brown and Winston Reedy - British Reggae Artists Famine Appeal (BRAFA) at Hive Studios Stoke Newington London February 1985. Photo: ©David Corio
British Reggae Artists Famine Appeal 1985 Music was at the centre of the Jamaican community. It brought messages of hope, healing, news and views.
97
Dawn Hill CBE
Janet Hills
Donald Hinds
Health, Cultural Heritage
Law Enforcement
Writer Historian
Dawn Hill, Jamaican born, has been instrumental in raising the awareness of the tremendous contributions and achievements that the African and Caribbean nationals and their descendants have made to the development of British Society. She was the trustee and chair of the Black Cultural Archive (BCA) from 1988 to 2021.
Janet Hills, a proud “South Londoner”, was born in Croydon to Jamaican parents. In 2013, she was the first female chairperson of the Metropolitan Black Police Association (MetBPA). Hills was a serving detective sergeant with 28 years of service.
Donald Hinds is a Jamaican writer, journalist and historian. He was born on 13 January 1934 in Kingston, Jamaica. His mother migrated to Britain when he was months old, so he lived with his grandparents in Richmond Gap, St Thomas.
Hills joined the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) in 1991, starting her service at Brixton Policestarting her service at Brixton Police Station before venturing into the Criminal Investigation Department (CID). She worked with burglary and robbery squads and the Community Safety Unit and Human Trafficking Unit before returning to Brixton as a detective sergeant.
He travelled to join his mother and stepfather in Britain aged 21 in 1955. By the time he arrived Hinds found himself in Brixton, which he described as ‘the slum capital of all slums’.
She was the president of the National Black Police Association (NBPA) from 2015-2017. As the strategic lead for the MetBPA, her ambition was for the association to remain relevant and deliver the best possible service to its members and community. In addition, she wanted it to influence and challenge the governing bodies to reflect a more representative police service for the diverse communities of London. She asserts the Met BPA is still a crucial agent for change within the capital and a driver for excellence in police service delivery to its diverse communities.
He encountered vicious racism from some passengers, but between shifts, he wrote for the newspapers, Magnet and the West Indian Gazette.
On 24 July 2014, under Hill’s leadership, BCA was launched as the first national Black Heritage Centre in Windrush Square in Brixton, the only national repository of Black culture and heritage in Britain. She has championed an inclusive approach in raising the awareness of Black history that is accessible to all. Hill is an experienced management consultant and a former trained nurse (SRN) with a background in social administration and personnel management, having held senior positions in the NHS, Social Services, and education and health organisations. Hill is a trustee and President of the Mary Seacole Trust. She was also keenly involved in bringing about the statue of Mary Seacole to the gardens of St Thomas’ Hospital, which was unveiled on 30 June 2016. She founded the flagship Rainbow nursery in Hackney in 1973 and for ten years chaired Blackliners, the London-based HIV/Aids service for African, Caribbean and Asian people of which she was one of its founders in 1989. Hill was conferred the Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 2018 in recognition of her pivotal contribution to recording and celebrating Black history and heritage. She also received the Points of Light Award from the Prime Minister, The Rt. Honourable Theresa May MP, in 2017 for championing diversity and inclusion.
Hills has a passion for young people and is a trustee of the BPA Charitable Trust, under which the “Voice of Youth and Genuine Empowerment” (VOYAGE) sits. For recreation, Hills is a keen netballer and plays for the Met Police teamFor recreation.
Hill has two children Carolyne and Andrew, and two grandsons Lewis and Jonas.
126
He eventually became one of six Caribbean bus conductors, a job he held for nearly ten years.
The West Indian Gazette was based in Brixton, founded by Claudia Jones, the Trinidadian political activist and founder of the Notting Hill Carnival. In 1966, Hinds wrote Journey To An Illusion in response to the riots of 1958, which told of the plight of Commonwealth immigrants to the ‘mother country’ in the postwar decades; he also wrote Black Peoples of the Americas (1992); and Mother Country: In the Wake of a Dream (2014). He also taught at Tulse Hill School and lectured at South Bank University. Hinds was an active member of the Caribbean Artists Movement (CAM), which included some of the greatest diasporan minds in the UK, such as Edward Kamau Brathwaite, CLR James, and Stuart Hall. National Life Stories conducted an oral history interview with Hinds in 2012 for its ‘Oral History of Oral History’ collection held by the British Library.
WEDDINGS Weddings were frequent and very stylish affairs. It was an opportunity for the community to come together and celebrate. The wedding receptions were held in people’s homes - usually someone who owned a house. Single men would sometimes “send home” for a wife - often someone whom they had never met. In spite of this divorces were rare.
127
Sly & Robbie Music
The Jamaican “drum and base magicians”, professionally known as, Sly and Robbie (S&R) are amongst some of the most innovative and sought-after musicians. The duo was formed by drummer, Lowell (Sly) Dunbar and bassist, Robert (Robbie) Shakespeare in the mid-1970s. They bonded over a love of Motown, Stax Records, the Philly Sound, Country Music and, Jamaican legendary labels, Studio One and Treasure Isle. Their first project was with The Revolutionaries for Channel One studio, owned by the Hoo Kim brothers. The Mighty Diamonds’ 1976 album, Right Time, established Sly and Robbie as the “masters of groove and propulsion.” They are responsible for significant advancements in reggae, including innovations with rhythm, like the harder beat called, Rockers (1976), followed by the then-prevalent, One Drop style, and the Rub A Dub sound (early 1980s). They were instrumental in developing the trend towards “computer-assisted music” and programming, mid-1980s. In S&R, Chris Blackwell saw a powerful musical foundation with the ability to expand and he appointed them to the core of the Compass Point All Stars (CPAS), his Nassau recording band. CPAS was to produce classic records for Grace Jones, Joe Cocker and Gwen Guthrie among many others. S&R 1987 album, Rhythm Killers, was produced by Bill Laswell with an ensemble of musicians and showcased the duo’s branching outside of the reggae market and experimenting with electronic sounds. It also produced a number 12 hit on the UK Singles Chart with, “Boops” (Here to Go). Early 1990s, S&R introduced the hits, “Bam Bam” and “Murder She Wrote” by Chaka Demus and Pliers. In the, Bam Bam style, Dunbar introduced East Indian tabla sounds in his drum beats. S&R continued to innovate during the late 1990s and early 2000s, fusing dancehall and Latin music sounds (La Trenggae) or dancehall and hip hop/R&B (their 2004 Big Up riddim). They produced tracks for Suggs’ 1996 debut solo album, The Lone Ranger , including the hit version of “Cecilia” featuring Louchie Lou and Michie One. Over 500,000 copies were sold in the UK alone reaching number 4 on the UK Singles Chart. After 35 years together, S&R still tour and record relentlessly. They won a Grammy Award in 1999 for the album, Friends and received their 11th Grammy Award nomination (2014) for the album, The Reggae Power. In October 2015 the duo received the Gold Musgrave Medal, in recognition of their contribution to music.
Millie Small CD
Winnifred Smikle
Music
Health
Millicent Dolly May Small, born 6 October 1946, at Gibraltar in Clarendon, Jamaica, was the daughter of a sugar plantation overseer. After winning the Vere Johns Opportunity Hour talent contest at age twelve, Small moved to live with relatives in Love Lane in Kingston.
Winifred Smikle RMN, SRN, SCM was born on 11 March 1938 in Clarendon, Jamaica. She has established herself in the UK as a qualified district nurse within the National Health Service (NHS) and possesses a wealth of management, leadership and organisational skills.
Small recorded a duet with Owen Gray, Sugar Plum (1962) and later recorded with Roy Panton for Coxsone Dodd’s Studio One record label as ‘Roy and Millie’, achieving a local hit with, “We’ll Meet”. Chris Blackwell, the owner of Island Records, became her manager and legal guardian, who brought her to Forest Hill, London, in 1963. Small made only her fourth recording, an Ernest Ranglin rearrangement of “My Boy Lollipop” released in 1964. The song became a massive hit, achieving number two both in the UK Singles Chart and the US Billboard Hot 100. Number one and two were the Beatles and Rolling Stones, respectively. In Australia, the song went to number one and number three in Canada. It stayed in the Nigerian Top Ten for six years.
“My Boy Lollipop” was the first major hit for Island Records and is regarded as one of the best-selling ska songs of all time, selling more than seven million copies worldwide. As a young recording star in London’s swinging 60s, Small appeared on the 1964 Beatles TV special Around The Beatles. On 6 March 1965, Small appeared on the Australian television programme Bandstand, Melbourne, part of the Moomba Festival, and she toured Africa, bringing Jamaican music to the continent. Though her later recordings were less successful: “Sweet William” and “Bloodshot Eyes”, she continued to tour and perform up to the early 1970s. On 6 August 2011, the 49th anniversary of Jamaica’s independence, Small was made a Commander in the Order of Distinction for her contribution to the Jamaican music industry. She died in May 2020 at her home in London, survived by her adult daughter, who is also a musician.
204
Now retired, she has used these skills during her long and faithful service within the charitable sector, and has been a dedicated member, first as treasurer and then general Secretary of The Friends of The Heart Foundation of Jamaica (Foundation) between 1988 - 2015. She is currently patron of the Foundation. Smikle has served the Jamaican community with compassion, dedication and a commitment to the diverse needs of its members. She has worked tirelessly to position the Foundation internationally by collaborating with Heart foundations in other Caribbean countries, the US, UK providing opportunities for individuals to pursue health choices and further their educational needs. A truly remarkable individual, Smikle has worked tirelessly for her community, organised several charity fundraising initiatives, raised money to purchase valuable medical equipment and employed service personnel for the Foundation’s recipients in Jamaica. She has also instigated similar projects in other areas of the UK. At present, Smikle is working with other members of the Foundation to write its history, an initiative that will be used to engage the younger generation of British-born Jamaicans to develop a passion to serve and support their community. Smikle was also a foster carer for children and young people in the care of the London Borough of Merton for a number of years. Through this role she offered the security of a family home for a number of young people from a wide and varied backgrounds.
Award-Winning Make Up Artist
Dame Pat McGrath DBE has been called the most influential make-up artist in the world by Vogue magazine and other commentators. In 2019, she was included in The Time’s 100 Most Influential People list. She has worked at the top of the fashion industry for over 35 years. In 2015 she launched a cosmetic line which has made her one of the wealthiest beauty moguls in the industry. Dame Pat McGrath
Tahlia Gray is the first to market a range of tights for people of colour through the giant chain John Lewis.
Multi award-winning Hairdresser and Stylist Junior Green.
205
Basil Watson Jamaican born artist Basil Watson OD was selected by public vote to design the Windrush Monument at Waterloo Station. The erection of the bronze monument itself will be a permanent reminder of the pioneering Caribbeans who came to Britain from 1948 to work, rebuild after WWII and create a better life for themselves and their families. The Jamaican government awarded Basil Watson the Order of Distinction (Commander Class) in 2016 in recognition of his artistic accomplishments. Sculptor and painter Watson has designed public sculptures and monuments across the world including statues of Martin Luther King, Usain Bolt and Merlene Ottey. This is his first public artwork in the United Kingdom. Watson says “ the design represents so many things on different levels and the suitcases indicate the traveller and his family with all their possessions, which hold the key to the past including their culture whilst looking to the future.” The monument will be unveiled in 2022.
240
Reach Society A Dynamic Trio Building Connections Left to right: Professor Donald Palmer, Dr Dwaine Neil OBE, Rob Neil OBE
“Reach Society is an award-winning social enterprise that encourages, motivates and inspires young people, especially Black boys and young Black men to realise their potential and make viable transitions into adult life” Reach Society was founded in 2010 by 3 pioneers who recognised that many young people, Black boys and young Black men were not sufficiently informed to attain their full potential. Aside from social issues, the lack of information and understanding of the opportunities available to them needed to be addressed in both a long-term and sustainable manner. Associate Professor Donald Palmer, an Immunologist at the Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Dr Dwain Neil OBE, Nuclear Chemist and Management Consultant, and Rob Neil OBE, a former Civil Servant, disappointed with the government’s efforts to address the needs of young people, especially Black boys and young Black men, founded the Reach Society. The 3 Jamaican professionals, already established in their own respective fields, developed an award-winning programme to inspire the young people to develop their potential and to date they have engaged more than 25,000 young Black people in the process for developing their potential in order to make viable transitions into adult life. The programmes which now extend from London to Wolverhampton, Leicestershire, Birmingham as well as Bedfordshire from 2022, are based on the exacting principles of being well-informed and that everyone has a right to knowledge. This is effected through several large inspirational events, the most notable being The Annual Careers Conference. The conference, held in London at the Royal National Hotel is attended by 2000 young people, some as young as 13 and upwards. The event incorporates, role models, potential employers, and workshops - always with an interactive Q&A session at the end. Reach’s self-sustainable approach has enabled them to hold Employability Days, which are scaled-down events in the same format as the annual careers conference which are held in urban areas outside London. An important innovation are their Careers Days. These specifically target primary school children preparing them to recognise and understand their own talents and give some insight - in a child friendly manner - from a very young age. Reach provide a host of services from Networking Programmes to Recognition Awards. They have published several books and more recently have begun the Mentoring Gen-Z programme giving young people the opportunity to take control of their futures by receiving pertinent advice from aptly qualified leaders ranging from a small to medium and large Blue Chip companies in a variety of fields. Raising self-esteem and building connections is a giant first step to take on the road to success! Patrons of the Reach Society are: Lord Herman Ouseley, Marva Rollins OBE, Professor Trevor Williams, John Budu-Aggrey and Professor Sir Geoff Palmer.
241
Passenger List Continued... C HAROLD LUE Not accompanied by wife C LUBERT LAING Not accompanied by wife C ERIC LINTON Not accompanied by wife C EDWARD LECKY Not accompanied by wife C CHARLES LLEWELLYN Not accompanied by wife C JAMES LAMBERT Not accompanied by wife C KENNETH LYNCH Not accompanied by wife C SYDNEY LAWTON Not accompanied by wife C DANIEL LAWRENCE Not accompanied by wife C STANFORD LOCKE Not accompanied by wife C STANLEY LEON Not accompanied by wife C CLINTON LECKY Not accompanied by wife C HENRY LAWRENCE Not accompanied by wife C ARTHUR LEIGH Not accompanied by wife C LESLIE LOWE Not accompanied by wife C EDWARD LYN Not accompanied by wife C DUDLEY LEVY Not accompanied by wife C MARTIN LEE Not accompanied by wife C JOSEPH LAING OSEPH LAING Not accompanied by wife C ALVIN MCKENZIE Not accompanied by wife
C ROY MARAGH Not accompanied by wife C ALBERT MCBRAN Not accompanied by wife C HAROLD MCDONALD Not accompanied by wife C IVAN MORGAN Not accompanied by wife C KENNETH MURRAY Not accompanied by wife C WILMOT MONTAGUE Not accompanied by wife C VARON MITCHELL Not accompanied by wife C VINCENT MCFAYDEN Not accompanied by wife C LAWRENCE MILLER Not accompanied by wife C ROLAND MENZIES Not accompanied by wife C REGINALD MASON Not accompanied by wife C ANSEL MCLAREN Not accompanied by wife C GEORGE MARSHALL Not accompanied by wife C TERRY MITCHELL Not accompanied by wife C CLAUDIUS MONTAGUE Not accompanied by wife C RENFREW MCMURRIN Not accompanied by wife C ARTHUR MORRIS Not accompanied by wife C ASTON MCLACHLAN Child Aged 1-12 C OWEN MARTIN Not accompanied by wife C EGBERT MOORE Not accompanied by wife
C WINSTON MCLEAR Not accompanied by wife C EDWARD MCLACHLAN Not accompanied by wife C GODFRY MCLACHLAN Not accompanied by wife C LYNDON MEIKLE Not accompanied by wife C HEPBURN MAYNE Not accompanied by wife C GRANALD MALE Not accompanied by wife C STERLING MULLINGS Not accompanied by wife C URIAH MEIKLE Not accompanied by wife C JOHN MORRIS Not accompanied by wife C LOUIS MAILLARD Not accompanied by wife C VERLEY MAY Not accompanied by wife C STEADFORD MCGALLA Not accompanied by wife C OSWALD MCKENZIE Not accompanied by wife C GEORGE MCPHERSON Not accompanied by wife C GORDON MCCARTY Not accompanied by wife C EDWARD LAWSON Not accompanied by wife C WILBUR MCCREA Not accompanied by wife C BEVIS MAIR Not accompanied by wife C MESSIL MEIKLE Not accompanied by wife C MORTIMER MARTIN Not accompanied by wife
C CHRISTOPHER MINTO Not accompanied by wife C POWELL MUNRO Not accompanied by wife C ARTHUR MITCHELL Not accompanied by wife C IVAN MOSES Not accompanied by wife C JOSEPH MALCOLM Not accompanied by wife C JOCLIN MCDONALD Not accompanied by wife C CLARENCE MORRIS Not accompanied by wife C STANFORD MARKLAND Not accompanied by wife C SYDNEY MOFATT Not accompanied by wife C RICHARD MOSWORTHY Not accompanied by wife C WINSTON NELSON Not accompanied by wife C AUBREY NELSON Not accompanied by wife C BERESFORD MASRALLA Not accompanied by wife C LEONARD NELSON Not accompanied by wife C RODOLPH NUNES Not accompanied by wife C VINCENT NAM Not accompanied by wife C KENNETH NELSON Not accompanied by wife C BEVIS MAIR Not accompanied by wife C MESSIL MEIKLE Not accompanied by wife C MORTIMER MARTIN Not accompanied by wife
254
C KENNETH NELSON Not accompanied by wife C LESTER NEWELL Not accompanied by wife C ASTLEY O’NEALLY Not accompanied by wife C FESTIN O’NEALLY Not accompanied by wife C AGASANDE OGILVIE Not accompanied by wife C ERIC PRENDERGAST Not accompanied by wife C BERTRAM PALMER Not accompanied by wife C JULIAN PATERSON Not accompanied by wife C JOHN PATERSON Not accompanied by wife C ARTHUR PATERSON Not accompanied by wife C CLEMENT PATTERSON Not accompanied by wife C NORMAN PRESTON Not accompanied by wife C EVERARD PEART Not accompanied by wife C CALVIN PALMER Not accompanied by wife C CALEB PETERKIN Not accompanied by wife C GAROLD POWELL Not accompanied by wife C JOHN PORTER Not accompanied by wife C GEORGE PALMA Not accompanied by wife C CURTIS POWELL Not accompanied by wife C ALLEN PLUCKER Not accompanied by wife
C CLEMENT PHILP Not accompanied by wife C LORRAINE ROCHESTER Not accompanied by wife C REUBEN RITCHIE Not accompanied by wife C VERNON RICHARDSON Not accompanied by wife C VINCENT REID Not accompanied by wife C ERNEST ROCHESTER Not accompanied by wife C RUDOLPH RICKETTS Not accompanied by wife C ALDWIN ROBERTS Not accompanied by wife C ALPHONSO REECE Not accompanied by wife KINGSTON C EUSTACE REID Not accompanied by wife KINGSTON C JOSEPH ROSE Not accompanied by wife C SIMOIN ROWE Not accompanied by wife C K REMACHANDAN Not accompanied by wife C CALVIN REID Not accompanied by wife C DOUGLAS RAE Not accompanied by wife C HANLEY RICKETTS Not accompanied by wife KINGSTON C FRANKLIN RUSSELL Not accompanied by wife C HAMSLEY REID Not accompanied by wife C ASTON ROBINSON Not accompanied by wife
C JOHN RICHARDS Not accompanied by wife C WELLESLEY RICKETTS Not accompanied by wife C ARTHUR ROBINSON Not accompanied by wife C HALBERT RICKETTS Not accompanied by wife C ROY RILEY Not accompanied by wife C STEPHEN RAYNOR Not accompanied by wife C LOUIS ROBOTHAM Not accompanied by wife C ALPHONSO RAPHAEL Not accompanied by wife C LLEWELLYN ROACH Not accompanied by wife C HENRY RAFFINGTON Not accompanied by wife C STAUNTON SWABY Not accompanied by wife C REUBEN SMITH Not accompanied by wife C SYLVESTER SMART Not accompanied by wife C WILLIAM SHERIE Not accompanied by wife C WILFRED SMITH Not accompanied by wife C RYNOLD SMIKLE Not accompanied by wife C ARTHUR SMITH Not accompanied by wife C CHARLES STINESON Not accompanied by wife C AUSTIN SNOW Not accompanied by wife C EUSTACE SPENCE Not accompanied by wife
C JEFFREY SMITH Not accompanied by wife C HENRY SMITH Not accompanied by wife C LESLIE SHIN Not accompanied by wife C OWEN STEPHENS Not accompanied by wife C CHARLES SMITH Not accompanied by wife C SYDNEY SAND Not accompanied by wife C DELROY STEPHENS Not accompanied by wife C JOSCELYN SOMMERS Not accompanied by wife C LESLIE STEPHENS Not accompanied by wife C VINCENT STEWART Not accompanied by wife C VERNON SOLLAS Not accompanied by wife C MARTEL SCOTT Not accompanied by wife C CLARENCE SULLIVAN Not accompanied by wife C FRANKLIN STEPHENS Not accompanied by wife C HENRY SINCLAIR Not accompanied by wife C DENNIS SYMMS Not accompanied by wife C ALFRED HARPE Not accompanied by wife C CLIFTON SYNMOIE Not accompanied by wife C HANFORD SPENCE Not accompanied by wife C HOPETON SAMUEL Not accompanied by wife
C KARL SIMMS Not accompanied by wife C EDWIN SAMUELS Not accompanied by wife C KEITH SMELLIE Not accompanied by wife C ASTON SENIOR Not accompanied by wife C WILTON SWIRE Not accompanied by wife C BERTRAN SPRINGER Not accompanied by wife C WEBSTER TAPPER Not accompanied by wife C ABRAHAM TANQUER Not accompanied by wife C LESTER TEMPLE Not accompanied by wife C GUY THOMAS Not accompanied by wife C ISHMAIL THOMPSON Not accompanied by wife C EGBERT TOWNSEND Not accompanied by wife C LAMBERT TAYLOR Not accompanied by wife C EGBERT TINGLING Not accompanied by wife C FELIX THOMAS Not accompanied by wife C VINCENT THOMAS Not accompanied by wife C HAROLD THOMAS Not accompanied by wife C LLOYD TOMLINSON Not accompanied by wife C MALTON THOMPSON Not accompanied by wife C RAPHAEL TOMLINSON Not accompanied by wife
C RONALD THOMPSON Not accompanied by wife C EGBER THOMPSON Not accompanied by wife C JOHN THOMPSON Not accompanied by wife C MAURICE TAIT Not accompanied by wife C NATHANIEL THOMPSON Not accompanied by wife C CLEVELAND VALENTINE Not accompanied by wife C ALLEN VANZIE Not accompanied by wife C SAMUEL WALKER Not accompanied by wife C RUDYARD WHITE Not accompanied by wife C CLIVE WINSTON Not accompanied by wife C FREDERICK WILLOUGHBY Not accompanied by wife C SYDNEY WHITE Not accompanied by wife C FERDINAND WATSON Not accompanied by wife C LOYAL WILLIAMS Not accompanied by wife C HOLLAND WOOD Not accompanied by wife C ISHMAEL WARREN Not accompanied by wife C IRWIN WONG Not accompanied by wife C HAROLD WILMOT Not accompanied by wife C EDGERTON WILLIAMS Not accompanied by wife C CLARENCE YIN Not accompanied by wife C
C HERBERT WAYNE Not accompanied by wife C AUBREY ZAYNN Not accompanied by wife C HAIS WILLIAMS Not accompanied by wife C DUDLEY YAPP Not accompanied by wife C ADRIAN WALTERS Not accompanied by wife C ADOLPHINE WALLEN Not accompanied by wife C LOUIS WRIGHT Not accompanied by wife C RUDOLPH WILLIAMS Not accompanied by wife C VIVIAN WALKER Not accompanied by wife C BARRINGTON WILLIAMS Not accompanied by wife C CHARLES WRIGHT Not accompanied by wife C RUDOLPH WILMOT Not accompanied by wife C EDWARD WILLIAMS Not accompanied by wife C GRAVILLE WILSON Not accompanied by wife C ASTON WILLIAMS Not accompanied by wife C REUBEN WRIGHT Not accompanied by wife C LESLIE WRIGHT Not accompanied by wife C EDWARD WILLIAMS Not accompanied by wife C JAMES WENTWORTH Not accompanied by wife C DAVID WHITE Not accompanied by wife
255
C GERALD WILSON Not accompanied by wife C LASCELLES WILSON Not accompanied by wife C RONALD WILLIAMS Not accompanied by wife KINGSTON C GEORGE WHYTE Not accompanied by wife C EVELYN WAUCHAPE Not accompanied by husban C SAMUEL JOHNSON Not accompanied by wife A and C denotes the class
This list is reproduced as an extract by kind permission of Goldsmiths University. It has been compiled and reproduced from hand-scribed documents and information held at the National Archives. As such some information may not be absolutely accurate. It is to be noted that in the following decades many migrants from Jamaica and other Caribbean countries came to Britain both by ships and aeroplanes. The HMT Empire Windrush sank in the Mediterranean Sea in March 1954. In recent years efforts have been made to promote and sponsor the raising of the HMT Empire Windrush Anchor to serve as a tribute the original Windrush passengers and all those that subsequently followed. The project is ongoing. Notes: Please note, not all the passengers who embarked at Kingston were Jamaican
Young girl © Charlie Phillips Courtesy: Akehurst Creative Management
ISBN 978-1-3999-1828-2