90th Anniversary of Saturnus

1921-2011 90th Anniversary of Saturnus A Period of Progress and Succes

1921-2011 90th Anniversary of Saturnus A Period of Progress and Success

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

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Publisher: 1921-2011 90th Anniversary of Saturnus Hella Saturnus Slovenija, Ltd Letališka cesta 17 1000 Ljubljana www.saturnus-90let.si www.hella-saturnus.si Concept and editing: www.ecetera.si Editor in Chief: Lilijana Dolenc Managing editors: Sonja Sara Lunder Concept design: Design realisation and technical editing: Translation: Photography: Hella Saturnus Slovenia Archives Ad hoc edition The publication is not available for over-the-counter transactions. © 2011 publisher.

CIP – Catalogue Inscription of the Publication National and University Library, Ljubljana 658:629:331:064(497.4 Ljubljana)”1921/2011” HELLA Saturnus Slovenija (Ljubljana) [Ninetieth] 90th Anniversary of Saturnus: 1921-2011: The Archives]. – Ljubljana: Hella Saturnus Slovenija, 2011 257533440

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90th Anniversary of Saturnus

Contents 5

Lighting is Our Passion and Future Christof Droste

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A Quintessential Cog in the Wheel of Automotive Suppliers Dr. J端rgen Behrend

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Hella Saturnus Slovenija is One of the Brightest Foreign Investments in Slovenia

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Co-operation with Industry is Important for Pro-Active Academic Environment

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From Tin Can to Car Headlamp 1921-1988

41 Seeing and Being Seen 46

From Idea to Headlamp

48 Saturnus Marked by Innovations, Design and Marketing

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From Idea to Awards

59 Rally Saturnus, More than a Mere Sporting Event 65

From Idea to Rally Race

67 Chronological Outline

24 Highlights Glas Saturnusa

70 Lighting Equipment Products

27 From Privatisation to Global Competence Centre 1989-2011

73 Hella Saturnus Slovenija References

37 Hella Saturnus in the Media

79 Acknowledgements

39 Highlights

80 Sources

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Lighting is Our Passion and Future

Lighting is our passion process and service innovation our sharpest noneÂŤ our philosophy.

This is the result of the 90 years of experience and during all that time improvements. Standstill does not exist in our vocabulary and with continuous development we managed to become the competence centre for fog and auxiliary lamps and for sports car lightning within Hella Group.

Since the beginning of 2008, we increased our turnover by almost 2.5 times and created more than 800 new jobs. In the last business year, we employed 30 new

engineers and we will go for further increase of development capacities in the next years. Now is the time to invest in the future, into the development capacities and new technologies. A competence team for LED development, new laboratories, innovative lacquering technology, automatic assembly lines, future lighting Hella marine and Hella street lamps could all contribute years. In addition to a politically stable environment, long-term international business experiences, welleducated young people and a sense of belonging among the employees are the right ingredients for the recipe to become a part of Hella Saturnus. Our excellent team and ambitious approach signify that the next 90 years of success have just begun.

Christof Droste, Managing director Hella Saturnus Slovenija d. o. o.

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A Quintessential Cog in the Wheel of Automotive Suppliers

It gives me great pleasure to be able to celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of Saturnus with you. Ninety years is indeed a long time, a complete era.

The history of Saturnus is no exception to this rule. Who would have thought at the outset that a former manufacturer of tin cans would one day become a quintessential cog in the wheel of ternational company, i.e. a global automotive supplier?

Certainly in 1921, the year of the company's founding, such a thought never entered anyone's head, not even Emil Lajovic's, the founder of Saturnus. Therefore, I am even more delighted that Hella Saturnus Slovenija has, in the meantime, become part of the competence centre for auxiliary headlamps in new vehicles, occupies a special place in our company.

The collaboration between Saturnus and Hella can launching its production of headlamps for VW under the Hella license. Good two decades were to pass before it reliable partner in the heart of Eastern Europe. The choice Saturnus. And the result was equally obvious: the rewardare extremely well-trained, but also of collaborating with experience with clients in Western Europe. The next mileity owner of the company, and then again in 2004, when was this step that brought about the creation of the name Hella Saturnus Slovenija. The original name Saturnus was products. ambition and unswerving commitment throughout the past years. Hella Saturnus made a large contribution to anniversary, I wish you all the best and continued success in all your endeavours.

Dr. J端rgen Behrend, Chairman and President HELLA KGaA Hueck & Co.

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Hella Saturnus Slovenija is One of the Brightest Foreign Investments in Slovenia

German economy

Hella Saturnus Slovenija d.o.o. From the very beginning

of the world economic crisis and emerged stronger than it was tion of Germany. As the driving force of the economy, export is again scoring high numbers. Simultaneously, the domestic economy had recovered, which brings pleasing news to the German companies and their employees, as well as all Slovenian partners closely co-

of the Slovenian-German Chamber of Commerce and Industry. In view of this fact, the Managing director of that time, Andrej Lazar, remains a founding member of the chamber’s administrative board. Since the initial establishment of the chamber, Hella Saturnus Slovenija has performed a crucial role as its main touchstone,

operating with Germany.

An example of one of the brightest of all, not only German, but foreign investments in general in Slovenia, man Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the company

To our great delight, the existing Managing director of Hella Saturnus, Christof Droste, has also been a member of the chamber’s administrative board for several years now. For that reason, the co-operation between Hella Saturnus Slovenija and the SlovenianGerman Chamber of Commerce and Industry has for a number of years set an example of excellence in sevdiverse services. We can only wish to continue our close co-operation with Hella Saturnus Slovenija as one of the most successful member companies also in the future.

As president of the Slovenian-German Chamber of Commerce and Industry, I personally wish the company great success on its way to further development.

Gertrud Rantzen, President of the Slovenian-German Chamber of Commerce and Industry

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Co-operation with the Industry is Important for Pro-Active Academic Environment

remember that period. Through quality development and international involvement, the developmental path of Saturnus’s headlamps achieved a growing increase in quality and international recognition. The company’s potential of the younger generation further increases it.

Therefore, ideas, implementations and realisations do not constitute obstacles for co-operation.

In the company Hella Saturnus Slovenija, the Ljubljana-based Faculty of Mechanical Engineering has The company Saturnus was synonymous to a quality tool factory and redesign of thin tins. These products are extremely technologically demanding, although at that time people perceived them as everyday commodilow value added products. The competency of the head personnel and experts to understand changes enabled a future vision towards technologically more advanced products, namely automotive headlamps. The secret to luminosity comprises low power consumption and large illuminated surface.

A new headlamp programme was introduced in the company Saturnus. As engineers, several professors and assistants at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering still

potential development. To the younger generations, namely students, Hella Saturnus Slovenija represents a state-of-the-art headlamp production. The company’s cooperation with the faculty provides a lasting and reliable foundation for development, which, in addition to co-ex-

the European model for human co-existence.

Further steps of co-operation can be made with the people who recognise such integration as a symbiosis of the socially successful. The Ljubljana-based Faculty of Mechanical Engineering with its freshly renewed programmes provides new opportunities for integration in research and co-operation.

Dean of the Ljubljana Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

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90th Anniversary of Saturnus

FROM TIn CAn TO CAR HEADLAMP

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Initial Establishment of the Company the year following WW1, the period of major economic and political changes in Central Europe. After several centuries, the mighty Habsburg monarchy witnessed its own disintegration in line with the national borders.

New national economic spaces were formed, among them the Yugoslavian space that also encompassed the Slovenian population. The principles of Yugoslavian economic policy were formed according to the zeitgeist of the period. Customs and other measures of economic policy were designed to promote domestic entrepreneurship, therefore replacing import with the encouragement of domestic production. Thus, in the few years following WW1, Slovenia saw a veritable tidal wave of newly founded businesses.

A series of companies adhering to diverse business branches was founded until the mid-1920s, more or less

of the company later named Saturnus. It was founded by the Ljubljana-based entrepreneurs Emil Lajovic and Anton Lampret, namely on 9 May 1919. Anton Lampret

The company helped us maintain a better position, which was especially noteworthy during the crisis years between 1930 and 1934. Mother and father and my brother to diverse journeys. In addition to many places in the former Yugoslavia, we also visited Germany, Austria, Bolgaria, Hungary and Italy.

In a few years, we managed to change

and the third one an Opel Admiral.

There were only around 600 cars in Slovenia at the time, 500 motorcycles limit inside a settlement at that time was

his name to the company – which was initially dubbed Emil Lajovic, Tin Products Industry. The company was registered on 16 October 1919. operate with thirteen machines on 12 February 1920. sumers’ demand. Therefore, the owners began to expand their production by acquiring fourteen new machines, around lithography, along with the arising need for a new factory facility. The entrepreneurs were in desperate need order to strengthen the company’s credit potential, they a public partner. Thus, on 12 July 1920, the company was transformed into a public trading company. Simultaneously, the partners started to negotiate a capital increase production range, the operating factory and the promis-

highly imaginative person. Although he was but an accountant, he had extraoropinions tended to crash when it came to the introduction of technical improvements, which was very interesting.

The pre-war generation of businessmen did not have only themselves and not lavish and almost all of them had an extreme social sensitivity about them.

When my father was head of the Saturunwed mothers, which is still standing even today. Those people were temperamental and successful businessmen, yet at the same time dreamers and idealists.

Lajovic through the eyes of his son Dušan S. Lajovic.

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Emil Lajovic, the founder of the com1915, when he fell ill as an Austrian

concluded before 28 August 1920, a date which is considered to be the day of the initial establishment of the new company. and the partners founding a new public limited company, of the shares, the other half pertaining to entrepreneurs Lajovic and Lampret. The company’s administrative and control bodies were formed in the same way, while both entrepreneurs still remained at the operative head of of the capital of the previous business on 19 September

An example of a share of the tin and metal product factory EMIL LAJOVIC & DRUG, D. D. LJUBLJANA.

as the date of registration, although archival documents on several occasions refer to a somewhat later date, namely 8 July 1921.

Year 1921 Slovenians was adopted – the Vidovdan Constitution. It that Serbs, Croats and Slovenians were three tribes of a single nation.

Croats and Slovenians. The entire country had a population of 12,017,323, while Slovenia’s population was 1,056,464.

Canadians Frederic Banting and Charles Best managed for cure for diabetes.

Scientists discovered the vitamins D and E.

The factory SATURNUS, D. D. Tin Products Industry on a painting by Gustav Simon

with one of the most famous Ljubljana-based constructhe new public limited company decided to construct a new production facility, for the former facilities located in expansion of production. Even before that, the company, bearing in mind the need for a new facility, bought a large plant site in the city district of Moste. The construction of new production facilities in Moste started on 6 June 1921,

operating on 16 June 1922. Most notably, the Saturnus building in Moste is a representative example of the Slovenian industrial architecture of the 1920s, so it would be advisable to maintain it as such also for the future.

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The Company’s Ownership Structure Year 1930

The construction of the new production facility triggered events determining the company’s ownership structure. During the construction period, it turned out es, above all to acquire modern machinery. It was decided that the additional funds would be acquired via the company’s capital increase. In line with the sharehold-

capital increase, each contributing an equal share. Should one party not be able to pay the new capital in the period of six months, the other party could do it. However, at at the end of 1921. It was further reduced during the next year and was said to comprise only 15 percent in 1922, which is contrary to the data from 1924, according to which it supposedly still amounted to one quarter.

The controversy and hardly reconcilable standpoints on the level of the operative management of the company between the entrepreneurs, mostly Lajovic, and the administrative board in the hands of the Co-operative ceedings of the administrative board meetings, as well as several law-suits between both groups of shareholders.

The disagreements came to an end in 1923, when Anton

Year 1924 of commodities exchange, and it was not until the year 1927 that it started to handle security transactions. in Turkey. The six-hundred year authority of the Otoman state.

Thomas Watson founded the company IBM. The former tsarist Russian capital Petersburg was renamed Leningrad.

Edwin Hubble announced the existence of other galaxies. to the triumph of Stalin.

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90th Anniversary of Saturnus

Clyde William Tombaugh discovered the planet Pluto.

In the Hague, the second conference on German war reparations began.

The nazi Party in Germany became the second largest parliamentary party.

American scientist and founder of contemporary In Graz, the Slovenian-Austrian physician and chemist Friderik Pregl died, after receiving the nobel chemistry prize in 1923.

Lampret withdrew from the company. Even though Lajovic was also deprived of his position as managing direcafterwards. Then he stepped down and founded a new 1925, namely the company Tuba, transferred to Ljubljana later on.

The changed ownership ratios in the company were founder Emil Lajovic was removed from the company name in August 1924. The company was renamed into SATURNUS, D. D., Tin Products Industry. It is interesting that the ownership structure of Saturnus also featured a foreign investor as a minor shareholder. It is impossible to disclose the identity of the foreign investor according to the accessible documentation, for it only mentions the names of representatives in the Saturnus administrative board, namely Willy Reeser from Amsterdam, and Max only assume that one of the suppliers of quality tin from abroad entered the ownership structure. Neither does whether Lajovic and Lampret sold them their shares, which is most probable, or whether they entered in some The latter option is less probable, given that the Counchangeable share.

The company’s ownership structure again started to shift in the mid-1930s. Foreign investors and the

bilitation included desinvestment and for that reason,

and most modern printing houses in Slovenia at the time.

As printing house manager, he was a close collaborator of ownership structure of the company Saturnus through it.

At the end of WW2, Saturnus had four owners – in addi-

shares and the company was controlled operatively as

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Year

Business Path

In the city of Portage, US federal state of Wisconsin, Leonard

In the period between WW1 and WW2, Saturnus was a

canned beer.

and in sets, trays, oil lamps, bicycle pumps, ashtrays, bells and sprayers for deodorants and desinfection. The company also manufactured component parts for diverse lighting and photocameras, bottle stoppers, registration plates for bicycles, can-openers, tin advertising panels/ posters and signboards (printed as well as engraved), petrol cans. In retail quantities, it also provided goods for ness was successful between the two wars as well as in the 1930s, during the Great Depression. It regulary made payments of dividends to its owners, amounting to from 5 to 10 percent. that before WW2, the company was planning to expand its production into other parts of Yugoslavia. The demand for Saturnus products was great on the Yugoslavian -

In the period between WW1 and WW2, Saturnus also manufactured a wide range of drugstore products and sprayers.

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grew even more, so much so that Saturnus had trouble meeting it. Therefore, the company planned to construct supply the South-Eastern part of Yugoslavia with their

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from industrial to domestic, was well sold in Bolgaria, -

and later prevented the manifestation of such ambitious

and Kairo.

Part of the hall for the manufacturing of rectangular products. Endoubtedly, some of the hardest tasks were to manually insert the tin into the printing machines and to take it out again, as well as cut the tin with scissors using hands or legs, and manual brazing. The female worker had work included design.

Among other things, the catalogue from the 1930s stated the following: - Special attention is dedicated to quality and control: testing hall for watering cans, where each item is tested for airtightness.

- The company is excellently suited to produce product quantities relevant to Yugoslavia and the East, where the major part of our export is aimed, and is able to meet the needs of the entire Yugoslavian

In the purchase of tin, Saturnus depended on the

ity tin was purchased in Germany and Great Britain, while other raw materials were exclusively purchased on the

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guished clients and interested parties that in the manufacture of tin products, special

expensive. Therefore, we advise them especially in view of our wide range of selection.

production were manufactured by Saturnus in its own tool factory. Rumours were also spread regarding the concern for updating the technological production processes within the company. Before WW2, the company had almost 400 employees, 350 in the manufacturing and 40 in the administration.

World War 2 WW2, which in Slovenia lasted from April 1941 to May 1945, cut deeply into the everyday life of Slovenians. The territory was occupied and divided among the four invading forces. The area around Ljubljana and the Lower Carniola region was occupied by the Italians, the Upper Carniola and Styrion regions by the Germans, the around Bregana was ruled by the quisling Independent State of Croatia. The occupiers systematically included own military needs.

Therefore, part of the production of Saturnus, which before the capitulation of Italy in September 1943 lay in the Italian occupation zone, was included in the Italian military industry. The company manufactured special spotlights and also continued with the production of gas the Yugoslavian army. The Slovenian territory occupied by

Italians also became part of the Italian economic space.

Thus, Saturnus began to co-operate with the Italian as component parts for lights, bicycle bells, beer bottle stoppers and in minor quantities also other products from its wide product range.

At the time of the German occupation of Ljubljana (from autumn 1943 to May 1945), Saturnus was also included in the programme of the German military

for clients who could provide the tin. In 1944, Saturnus coils. One of the orders was mediated by the Celje-based company August Westen, another by the Berlin-based company Auer Gesellschaft.

The Post-WW2 Period After the end of WW2, Slovenia and Yugoslavia underwent great change. Yugoslavia, and Slovenia along with it, became a communist state with central planning economy in line with the Soviet pattern. All the economic subjects were nationalised and even Saturnus could not involved in court procedures, while in line with the court state property.

In the new environment, the role of the company was central planning state plan, where it could not perform its utmost due to its orientation into the production of consumables. The economic policy at the time was controlled by tendencies to construct a basic infrastructure industry, therefore an industry to build an industry needed to be built. Nevertheless, this period gave way to

The tool-makers employed by Saturnus in the year 1955.

Even before WW2, Saturnus manufactured all the tools for its products itself.

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Year 1948 At the session in Bucharest, the Informbureau resolution was adopted at the proposal of the Soviet delegation, discussing the situation of the Yugoslavian Communist Party.

The Organisation for European Economic Co-operation was established in Paris, to co-ordinate the programmes of European reconstruction within the framework of the billion USD of economic aid to the West European states.

The Soviet Union closed all the land- and waterways to Berlin. During the so-called Berlin blockade, the USA and Great Britain maintained an air bridge for 11 months, providing food, fuel and medicine for the city.

Work in the Saturnus machine workshop hall in 1956.

David Ben Gurion announced the founding of Israel. It was Iraq attacked the newly-founded state.

The Citroën car 2CV, also known as “Deux Chevaux”, was launched.

sion on forming a dedicated production of headlamps.

The economic model of central planning began to be abolished in the mid-1950s. Reforms started to transfer nist economic system.

One of the important decisions was to strengthen the companies’ responsibility for their own success. In this way, conditions were formed for the companies to start came co-responsible for their own survival, they started pursuing their own objectives. After 1966, the state, by joining the forerunner of today’s World Trade Organisation, entered the international currents and liberalised the international trade. Even the national economic policy, directed towards the promotion of consumer goods production, was favourable to Saturnus, especially the decision of state authorities to launch mass production of cars in Yugoslavia, namely in the facilities of Crvena zastava in Kragujevac. Saturnus is one of the companies that have adapted well to the new situation.

The post-WW2 period for Saturnus was a time of extraordinary expansion on domestic as well as foreign

as gradual assimilation of contemporary technological was also a period of large investments into production

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Even before WW2, Saturnus employed a lot of women, who were still prevalent in the production after WW2.

in employment, which was the highest in eighty years of the previous century. At the time, Saturnus had around 2,000 employees, mostly women. Therefore, approximately two thousand families or 8,000 persons materially depended or co-depended on the success of Saturnus’s management.

After the war, the once wide product range was reduced, but at the same time expanded to encompass

manufacture of tools, machines and other devices. The production division was followed by the organisational division of the company. Saturnus was divided into three tory, an automotive equipment factory and tool-factory with maintenance.

chemical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry, diverse signposts and printing and lacquering of tin. The producwas presented in the form of new production facilities for house and tin lacquering factory were constructed at the ture, the development department intensely co-operA set of products manufactured in Saturnus after WW2.

special presentation of our box and set Chef�. And yet, although the same as the others, this box is something special.

The box and the set have been, without in almost the same way as today since the year 1938 – which is exactly what has outlived many others which were assimilated later.

To answer the question of why the box is so special, let us quote a few statements by our buyers from the meeting to sign contracts on general consumption. The buyers found that the design solution of the Little Chef was

equally up-to-date as the motive drawing attention at the begining of production of this box, as well as today, even though consumers’ taste and their purchasing opportunities have changed. It was precisely the adaptation of purchasing opportunities that enable this product to live as long as it does. Thirty years ago, bourgeois circles, given that the box or set was meant to provide a luxury apartment decoration element. Today, it is a product accessible to the largest circle of consumers, while the design solution remains up-to-date. And it is precisely today, this is its specialty and this is why the Little Chef is a big hero.

Source: Glas Saturnusa, 1973.

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Since the very beginning, the tool-factory played an important role in the company. This division provided the tools and devices for the demands of everyday production and introduction of new products and technologies.

The tool-factory was an integral part of the development department. Decade after decade, the needs gradually

grew, along with the number of employees. That is why the initial location, to house the tool-factory. Most of the decades, the tool-factory served the needs of Saturnus, but in the 1980, the new orientation brought about a therefore to become a supplier of technology, as well.

The tools and machines developed for the demands of tor vehicles were to be sold to other producers of metal

The decision was an important step towards the transit into the activities with higher added value and gradual abolishment of technologically unadvanced products. All this was the result of several decades of experience, critiguidelines of the international economic environment.

Tool-factory employees at work in 1956.

Entering the World of Automotive Industry With an accurate perception of international economic guidelines and an awareness of meaning an opportunity of the upcoming mass motorization, Saturnus managed to re-direct into the production of automotive equipment. Within this scope, one can see a continuity compared to the pre-WW2 period. The company Saturnus was namely closely connected to the mobility of population since its initial establishment. Thus, it manufactured

1948 entrusted it with the manufacture of headlamps for ian purposes. The production started operating in the Maribor-based car factory (TAM). For the production of headlamps, Saturnus developed special tools, as well as

Yugoslavian authorities decided immediately after the

similar things, in addition to lighting devices for the demands of the automotive industry. In time, they passed this less demanding production on to other, smaller producers, while they themselves focused exclusively on

and military motor vehicles production. Saturnus was

The assimilation of new technology was not an easy

was coincidental, the decision to co-operate with Satur-

pertise, appropriate tools and machines, which could not

human resources in the country, the state authorities in

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from copying and imitating to the development of their made after foreign models. In the mid-1950s, a social-

bled by the national Ministry of Economy of that time, which amounted to 50,000 USD, were used by Saturnus to purchase the indispensable machines for the printing house and processing plants.

In 1954, the managing director at the time, Ciril Fain, managed to also acquire 124,000 GBP of non-refundable means of the tripartite aid provided by Great Britain, France and Germany to buy more modern machines and devices for tin can production, for the orders have greatly increased due to the formation of food industry. They had to buy the machines and equipment in England. The allocated sum was increased by 4,000 additional GBP in order to enable the manufacture of headlamps entirely in line with the

new technology and requirements of the motor vehicle industry. Thus, ing. Lovro a state-of-the art high vacuum machine for evaporation inside a vacuum from the company Edwards in 1954, which

acquire an additional 60,000 DEM to buy tool machines from the West, under the condition that the machines were not bought from German companies.

in Slovenia and Yugoslavia and became a milestone for the conquering of new equipment. All machines were supplied to Saturnus in 1955 and were immediately introduced to the production process, only a few of them had to wait until the evaporation device enabled Saturn for Saturnus and for the entire counLjubljana Mayor of that time, Marjan

200 in a modern way for the Mariborbased client TAM.

On the one hand, there were economic reforms we have already described, while on the other hand, mass produc-

to vehicles for other purposes. And all these vehicles, of

were small.

In the mid-1950, Saturnus strengthened its endeavours for a technological modernisation and expansion of the motor industry lighting production. Because they had to develop, they found a shortcut. Through mediation of state authorities, they contacted large European lighting producers in Germany (Bosch, Hella), Italy (Carello), ing a request for help in the transfer of lighting production technology, they wanted to connect to the technologically most advanced European producers. However, the foreign manufacturers one after the other declined co-operation with Saturnus, let alone the transfer of tacted the English company Lucas that had no reserva-

showcases Sandi Sekirnik and Charles Spencer, development manager of the English company Lucas. and lamps, visited Saturnus on several occasions and contributed to the work in the light laboratory and development with his knowledge and experience.

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lighting equipment producers. Within the Yugoslavian experience and manufacture of light sources for the automotive industry. In 1959, they accepted the Saturnus technical experts on a free training course, while the Yugoslavian state covered their accommodation expenses.

Saturnusu got free equipment for its light laboratory, moreover, Lucas sent its instructors to Moste to facilitate the transfer of English technological solutions into the Saturnus’s environment.

Thus, a successful path began in the beginning of the 1960s, entering Saturnus among the leading automotive

began to press upon Saturnus, even using political supAnd in the very years when Saturnus began to receive interests for its decade of investments into technologi-

rebut the pressures, thereby maintaining their leading

Years The world is inhabited by 4.158 billion people by then.

An agreement was signed on the common construction of councils of the national Assemblies of the Slovenian and the Croatian republic.

1960 The world is inhabited by 3.039 billion people by then.

After the accident, Apollo 13 returned to Earth.

Arthur Leonard Schawlow and Charles Townes received the

Leslie Bruce McLaren, the car racer and automobile constructor from new Zealand, died.

underwater voyage around the world.

time created a gene, the part of the chromosome carrying hereditary information.

The weather satellite Tiros 2 was launched.

Douglas Engelbart received a patent for a computer mouse.

high school. He actively practised several fencing. After successful performances and due to his good possibilities for sports training, he became a member of the fencing section at the Ilirija sports club in 1933. He trained regularly and

urnus, has been an extremely important nus after WW2 and in the decades that followed with his more than four decades jobs at the company. He was born in 1918 in Predtrg near Radovljica. He was a very active and multi-talented young man, among other things, a member of the scouts’ organisation until the end of

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international fencing competitions as an internationally registered contestant in foil and sword.

Because he was unable to continue with his studies of mechanical engigraduated there in 1942. As a young next year at Saturnus, where he was acat the tool-factory of that time. Due to arrangement with the head of the facility to get involved with the direct production

new products. He gained an insight into the tools, technologies and production demands, which was very useful for him later on, when he became head of the facility. Recognising the meaning of technical documentation and drawings he used a construction unit, while he maintained the principle of obligatory beginners’ practice in the tool-factory and machine hall when employing new engineers, technicians, as well as foremen. After opment of the company as its technical decisions of development orientation.

Furthermore, he established extremely important contacts with foreign companies that enabled Saturnus to gradually, but persistently begin gaining recognition in the automotive industry.

Among others, he established contact with the English company Lucas, which

helped Saturnus greatly in transferring end of the 1950, Saturnus’s technical experts were thus accepted for a training period in England. They were also given free equipment for the light laboratory and provided instructors to transfer technological solutions to Saturnus. disregarded principle that Saturnus is a business partner to factories and production companies, but not directly to trading companies selling the end-products.

His personal expert development and Saturnus’s development. Already in the ment plan for the factory 1921-1967. white tin development. In 1974, after the reconstruction of the factory and the in-

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of development and investments. business and experts’ associations of that period, collaborated with the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Slovenia, the Ljubljana Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and several international development and research institutions, above all the Institute for White Tin Research.

As a lecturer, he attended international conferences. He held the expert status of the United Nations for technological and development projects and thus accepted

The leading Saturnus workers during their visit to the Hannover fair in April 1953. At that time, they managed among other things to establish contact with the companies Schuler and Muller and buy a printing and lacquering line, because the Ministry of Economy of that period earmarked 150,000 USD for them to modernise the factory.

(From left to right: technical manager of director Ciril Fain and head of printing house Vekoslav Bregant.)

occasions. Being engaged with the direct him to accept foreign missions. until the year 1983, but continued to actively participate in the company with his

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Business Internationalisation The next steps followed. Saturnus’s contract givers increasingly demanded improvements in the quality of sources. Again, a technological move was necessary, mostly in the application of plastic mass and the produc-

so the momentum for change was again found in the form of entry into the international environment. The mid-1960 therefore also signify the beginning of gradual internationalisation of a part of Saturnus’s business. The

sion and the number of domestic and above all foreign customers, the Moste facilities became too small. Within pany to build a new factory in 1976 and started operating However, even those facilities in time failed to satisfy the needs of production and administration. Therefore, an extension of the production facility and a construction of a new business building were implemented on the same location in 1988.

a change of approach in development, production and application of more modern technology. They started to co-operate with the French automotive industry. Frist, they sent light sources, developed and made by Saturnus, for testing to the company Citroen, which in Slovenia collaborated with the company Tomos, a moped manufacturer. The result was devastating, given that every single one of the samples failed to meet Citroen’s criteria.

Therefore, they made contact with the leading French manufacturer of lighting technique at the time, otherwise a supplier of Citroen’s. They signed a contract of business and technological co-operation with the company Cibie in 1967, which helped Saturnus assimilate state-of-theart technology and renew the principles of large-series enter the circle of light source suppliers to the biggest European and later world automotive producers. At the end of the 1980s, Saturnus already exported more than half -

Year The world is inhabited by 4.690 billion people by then. to an earthquake. north and South Vietnam were merged into the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

The spaceship Viking 2 landed on the surface of the planet Mars. The automatic devices started taking photographs of the planet and sending its footage to Earth.

Company.

London to Washington.

22

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

The idea about building a new automotive equipment factory arose already at the end of 1960s, when Saturnus began to co-operate with the renowned headlamps factory Cibie.

The Saturnus experts visited several factories in France and Belgium, in order to acquaint themselves with the production organisation in line with the contemporary concepts of technology and started to consider the organisation of their new factory. Market research, new commissions, opportunities to sell products abroad and the increased interest of the domestic automotive industry for such the facilities of that time cannot increase their production enough to meet the demand, and that it is high time to construct a new factory. In 1974, the decision on the new

Year 1983 The world is inhabited by 4.632 billion people by then.

American president Ronald Reagan dubbed the Soviet Union the kingdom of evil. applicable personal computer with an intermediate graphic processing unit and a computer mouse. It was named Apple Lisa.

At the London Heathrow airport, unknown perpetrators took 6,800 gold ingots from the vault of Brinks Mat, worth almost 26 million GBP. The ingots weighed three tons.

1986

Saturnus had highly developed social standards. They had 287 apartments for their workers in Ljubljana, and during the holidays, the employees could take a rest at the small hotel on the island of Veliki LoĹĄinj (photograph right), the holiday homes in Kranjska Gora (photograph left) and Velika planina or in one of the camping caravans.

The assassination of the head of Swedish Social Democratic minister since the year 1982.

The space station Mir was launched into orbit.

After thirty-seven years, the American Senate authorised a document condemning genocide.

Uranus.

Great Britain and France publicly announced their plans to build a tunnel below the English Channel.

1988

female authors Sonja Gomzi and 4,000 copies in 1988 by Saturnus, PLC, is a

The world is inhabited by 5.104 billion people by then.

The Red Army started to pull back from Afghanistan after over eight years of military battles.

Saturnus during the pre-WW2 period and on the battle of tion. The meaning and content of these battles is also nus, the red fort�. The purpose of the issued publication is to maintain and nurture all the values that the high level

MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). organised the so-called Red nose day. They managed to collect

the participants of the battle. It dedicates a lot of atten-

beginning of the trade union movement, trade union and In addition to the extended production facility, a new business building was also built in 1988 on the territory along the LetaliĹĄka Street.

territory and the resistance against the invader.

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

23

Highlights Position In order to chose the direction of proAs we have already reported, the Saturnus factory this year celebrates the 50th anniversary of its existence and operation.

On the meadow where the factory now stands, entrepreneur Ciril Lajovic to manufacture metal war, the company had not achieved visible progress. It was not until after the liberation, and mostly after 1950, that Saturnus started rising vertically. Before and during

in the motor industry. We are facing very

the competition. Let the development

two or even three times cheaper abroad. competition, seeing that we imported 15,000 cars in the past year. The competition is even stronger in exports, where future even further, let us state that in the next years, 40-50 European producers will which exceed global prices by 300%. vehicles a year.

In this state, our company can face create by our exports. This is acceptable for us. However, we must underscore that ex-

young revolutionaries. Next to

after 1925, the heaviest burden of political

the developing countries and the countries of East Europe. In addition to series and prices, we face the issues of crediting. All our attention was dedicated to the relation-

became head of the communist party organisation inside the factory.

concluded that the production of 180,000

The factory SATURNUS started to establish contacts with the company CIBIE, the largest French headlamps manufacturer, already in autumn 1966. We were tion, which would be mutually useful.

The opportunity came about when our factory signed a contract with the Franch company CITROEN, for which we were to produce the symmetric and asymmetric headlamp to use with their vehicle DYANE.

24

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

global prices. Out of sympathy, we must not maintain the high prices of develop-

propaganda, maintenance service, prices and other things. The quality of developGlas Saturnusa 1967

and the production of 300,000 vehicles envisaged in the second stage are too low to meet new economic challenges. We have decided to enter the international division of labour alone or in cooperation with some of the western producers.

Glas Saturnusa 1967

contract between their company and our factory. With the contract, the company CIBIE was bound to provide help and technical assistance to the factory Saturnus with the assimilation and production of the headlamps for DYANE and other round headlamps, while SATURNUS was bound to install regular payments of a certain amount of compensation.

ber), Mr. D’Heurle (head of production) and his assistants showed us around the factory, beginning with the lines for round operations of transformation, and ending with the headlamps being nicely wrapped up and stored.

Glas Saturnusa 1968

Highlights Thousand Cars biggest car manufacturer and our largest consumer of automotive lighting equipto our own development of the production of headlamps and other lighting matter. great buyer of our products.

When the managing director of the the corner stone at the beginning of this

cars have left the halls of the Kragujevacbased factory. Today, these halls became too tight. Machinery is being built to increase production to 200 thousand cars a year. The plan envisages an enlargement by around 100 thousand square metres of production halls, 95 thousand sq. metres of of other objects necessary for the automotive industry. The calculations show that the enhancement will cost around 130 billion dinars.

Glas Saturnusa 1970

the automotive factory. In fact, this was ond phase” of the institute construction.

However, exactly 10 years ago, at the beginning of April in 1960, the construction of the existing automotive factory began.

nus”), an internal newsletter, was published between the years 1959 and 1993. It was aimed at informing and educating the employees.

Yugoslavian automotive factory launched its production. Since then, thousands of

bought them through the mediation of the

This year, we celebrate the 40th anniversary of the sports collective in our one, organised within the scope of the

purchase. A bicycle cost around 150 dinars. salary amounted to 1500 dinars, this was very costly.

In addition to regular training, we also

yet allowed to hold a road-race, because we tion at that time. In spite of bad weather, the race was a success. The organisation was excellent, in line with all the rules

the repairman, so two of the racers had to themselves.

of former Yugoslavia to become a member

Glas Saturnusa 1970

societies.

The society had 12 male and 9 female

Bistrica.

In July – I do not recall the exact date -,

training. This was a considerable quantity for the situation of that time, because owning a bicycle was considered wealth.

The race was held at the horse-race venue of that time, today’s airport. We were not

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

25

Highlights Saturnus The manufacturing of equipment for factory started between 1947 and 1948. At that time, the General Directorate for Metal Processing Industry and the Federal Directo Saturnus to start manufacturing diverse pressings and lighting and signal devices for the motor industry then in formation. headlamps already thirty years ago, for initial, somewhat variegated production programme, became purer with the age, forming into a specialised production of lighting equipment through the development of domestic automotive industry. The growing motor industry (establishments,

When diverse shooting sport interest groups, families and so-called shooting sport teams in trade union organisations were formed in the post-WW2 years, Saturnus also had such a team, later renamed Meanwhile, the targets for the Saturnus shooters were printed by the Saturnus printing factory. There were no adequate training premises, so they trained in unsafe places: the courtyard, the canteen, the department premises and later in a newly built tin warehouse. But the shooters would not give up! guns in 1953, manufactured in Kragujevac, the interest and success in their training to arise in diverse competitions, organised

26

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

the decision.

In the medium-term programme, they planned to further extend the product range and quantities, to enter the motor industry of the USSR, to promote modern, rational product constructions, to reduce imports, to constantly reduce costs and increase productivity, all of which will provide the factory’s economic stability and the social security of its employees.

They started to build the new factory in October 1974. This is the biggest Saturnus’s investment so far. The production premises are to measure 14,400 square metres, while the entire factory will encompass 18,000 square metres. The production is to be organised according to lines. Today,

unions in our municipality or in Ljubljana.

Meanwhile, shooting sports are one of the types of sport that promote an individual’s thoughtfulness, studiousness, important for his duty performance in the defence capacity of our fatherland. The shooters must always be and we should let them be defending our fatherland.

Glas Saturnusa 1986

Organisation of Associated Labour Automotive Equipment Factory”) employs 600 the entire revenue.

Glas Saturnusa 1976

Belgrade Automobile Salon For any manufacturer connected to the automotive industry in any was, a guestappearance at the Belgrade Automobile Salon is a considerable achievement, even if it does not feature novelties each year.

It is important for creating an impression, showing the company’s good management and competence.

The image of the exhibition space plays a considerable role. Imagination, combined with an aesthetic touch, is able to attract attention unexpectedly. Not without pride, our promotion department recalls how one with which we had no contact at the time, came to visit the Saturnus exhibition space.

The image of the stand seemed attractive to him, so he expressed his contentment Glas Saturnusa 1987

FROM PRIVATISATIOn TO GLOBAL COMPETEnCE CEnTRE 1989-2011

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

27

As many other Slovenian companies in the 1990s, Saturnus was faced with the process of privatisation and the question of how to implement it in a least painful man-

nus Tool-Factory and Maintenance, PLC�) and Poslovni -

of that time, which organisationally consisted of three Labour�) and corporate services, into four public limited companies in socially-owned property, namely Saturnus

recovered the majority share of the company Saturnus 2000 to buy it, rehabilitate it and then sell it.

The First Attempt at Privatisation Fails For Saturnus Avtooprema, d. d., then producing all

trial. Almost overnight, they lost all the former buyers in the disintegrated Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, from Crvena zastava, FAP and Tas to Slovenian factories, started to recover slowly, but persistently. The leadership of that time, with Daniel Gamberger as managing director, realised it would be in the best interest of the company to connect with a foreign strategic partner as in view of the fact that Avtooprema, compared to the large global producers of automotive equipment increasingly merging among themselves, was developmentally, pendent supplier for the automotive industry. Namely, the car manufacturers at the time tended to transfer the development of car parts, as well as entire car composites, to their suppliers.

Negotiations were under way, along with the careful inspections of the entire Saturnus company by the large

the ownership structure of the time, while BMW pointed out the once truly quite modest development potential of Saturnus. As it turned out later, VW provided a very wise advice for them to step in touch with the most important supplier of lighting equipment, the German company the negotiations, Hella did not express a great interest to form a strategic and ownership connection with Saturnus. However, Hella and Saturnus started their business co-operation through the project of headlamp manufacturing for the vehicle VW Golf, third generation. VW made some other positive business moves for Saturnus.

It entrusted Saturnus with the development of the plate lamp for the same model. The Saturnus development experts did more than an excellent job. They used stateof-the-art technology, which in combination with high lamp for all their models. ing equipment for automobiles and a long-term business when Avtooprema had approximately 520 employees.

The opportunity for selling the company to foreign the time was too low according to the Development Fund mediating the sale.

28

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

Hella has its roots in the Westfälis(WMI), a company founded on 11 June 1899 as a special factory for laterns, head-

family acquired a majority shareholding in Hella. In 1959, the WMI group was converted into a limited liability company.

The name of the company was changed

for bicycles, carriages and automobiles. ated for the top product in the acetylene headlamp range. In 1911, the construction of the new factory on the site of the present-day Plant 1 in Lippstadt was

resolution adopted by the partners dated 13 November 2003 the company was converted into a partnership limited by shares a decisive part in the development of the Issuer as a long-term Family share holder.

focused on the production of lamps for

The business building of the German company Hella KGaA & Co. in Lippstadt

mately 500,000 DEM, which was a fabulous success for lower the product prices and rationalise its transactions the company Saturnus Avtooprema was increasingly developing into an independent developer of individual products (before, it mostly developed technological processes and technologies). Field experience was gained vehicles.

Saturnus Avtooprema, d. d. received an international in 1994, a document with which to prove to the foreign buyer that its products have been developed and manufactured in line with the high-quality standard.

Hella Becomes the Majority Owner of Saturnus Avtooprema A new period of hardships for Avtooprema arose in the second half of the year 1995, when the orders for the headlamp of VW Golf 2nd generation vehicles were reduced. The production of this headlamp amounted to 50 percent of all Saturnus’s production. Due to the reduced scope of orders, the company Saturnus Avtooprema re-

this was the reason why Avtooprema decided on another In the second stage of the search for a strategic parttive response from Hella, as well. The company, based in Lippstadt, Germany, in its letter of intention among other things expressed a desire to invest some fresh capital into

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

29

the joint venture and to eventually become the majority owner of the company Saturnus Avtooprema. The desires and expectations of Avtooprema were for the strategic partner, in addition to providing the fresh capital, to ment and thereby, of course, to increase the number of jobs.

The long-lasting negotiations with Hella were sucmajority owner of the company Saturnus Avtooprema in April 1997. The process of ownership transformation was strategic partner, and shares of authorised investment companies, the capital and compensation funds, Hella owned 51 percent of the company and thus became its majority owner. At the time, Hella employed altogether

In February 1998, a new production facility was dedicated to its purpose of manufacturing headlamps for the new vehicle Opel Astra. The facility, using state-of-the-art technology, was worth 15 million DEM and opened 82 new job positions.

while its annual turnover in 1996 amounted to almost three billion DEM. 1996 created a turnover of 70,000 DEM per employee, while the average sum in Hella amounted to 206,000 DEM. Already by the end of the year 1997, Hella invested 15 million DEM into state-of-the-art technological procedures and machine equipment to manufacture headlamps for the new vehicle Opel Astra, while Avtooprema also assimilated the headlamps production for the new vehicle Fiat Multipla and lighting equipment production for the

Renault, Peugeot and other vehicle manufacturers, this

The photograph shows (from left to right): president of the managing director of the company Saturnus Avtooprema Andrej Lazar, guest of honour – the Slovenian President Milan and president of the Slovenian Chamber of Commerce and

according to the managing director at the time, Andrej Lazar, generating headlamps for around 260,000 cars each year.

30

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

Managing director Andrej Lazar, who was also the president of the commission choosing the strategic partner, estimates development and strategic connection of the company Saturnus Avtooprema, d. d. with Hella was the only possible way to enter the global economy system, and turers follow the globalisation of the increase. Large manufacturers reduce for the achievement of these objectives is lowering the number of component suppliers. They choose so-called system

exclusively among the companies which highest quality at the lowest price, and must in addition be capable of ensuring ing of production, as well as supplies for over ten years. Small and medium-sized companies are unable to do that, and even among the large companies, only a few can provide such conditions. Five years ago, Peugeot had two thousand tion, compared to only eight hundred this year. Some other factories even reduced the number of suppliers to three hundred.

Increasingly, the automotive factories decide to supply entire assemblies. While

choosing the system suppliers, the automotive giants favour those who are able for new product development. In the struggle for cost reduction, they require stability, in addition to innovativeness, standardised quality and regular supply.

This means that the company they sign human resources potential at the time of new car model creation, regular supply at the production for ten years after the out of production.�

Source: MANAGER, August 1997

The Automotive Industry Never Lacks Challenges During the transition into the new millennium, the automotive industry faced new challenges. In addition to the general global economic recession, it had to face globalisation and the plummeting number of suppliers to automotive factories. In the 1990s, the number of automotive suppliers fell by around 40 percent, while the number of

company Saturnus Avtooprema’s buyer structure was such at the time that the sales did not decline, they even grew at the end of 2002. Certainly, their system supplier status contributed to that fact. As a system supplier, they had enough to physically follow the automotive industry on any location, they had to meet high quality standards and from generation to generation. At that time, the world of-

fered around 40 percent more production capacities than the global automotive industry even needed, which caused further closing of automotive suppliers’ factories.

After the strategic connection with Hella, the lighting equipment production at the company Saturnus Avtooprema started to rise vertically, the sales increasing from 18 million EUR in 1997 to 72 million EUR in 2003. The same period also saw an increase of the number of employees, namely from 520 to 850. However, special focus was dediing on the development of new technologies and products in 2004, for which 5% gross of the annual turnover was entity responsible for the development and production of fog lamps for all the automotive factories supplied by Hella.

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

31

Due to its development competences, Hella Saturnus Slovenija became an important and reliable component of the concern.

In 2004, it became its competence centre or main developer and producer of auxiliary headlamps (fog lamps, daytime running lamps etc.) for large-series cars. Simultaneously, the company develops and manufactures headlamps for large-series automo-

Hella Saturnus Slovenija became a competence centre or main developer and producer of fog lamps for large-series cars in 2004.

brands Ferrari, Maserati and Lamborghini. In 2008, 80 experts were employed in the development sector, compared to over 130 in 2011. In the future, the company intends to strengthen its development capacities by employing 50 new engineers, mostly

In June 2004, Saturnus Avtooprema started to operate under a new name – Hella Lux Slovenija d. o. o. This was the year when Hella was made sole holder of the company and wanted to use the new name to incorporate Saturnus Avtooprema more closely into the family of Hella companies around the globe in order for it to name, the company also transformed its formal status, converting from public limited company to limited liability company. In the same year, Saturnus Avtooprema manufactured over seven million items of lighting equipment for motor vehicles.

In 2005, it became completely clear that the decision to involve a foreign partner yielded interest. The turnover went up from 18 to 90 million EUR since 1997, while the number of employees almost doubled. The automotive

ver at Saturnus Avtooprema, there were a number of suggestions regarding the name of the new company. Opinions, heard by the managing director of Saturnus Avtooprema at the time, Andrej Lazar, were divided. The Slovenian part of the company’s leadership wanted and urnus within the new name. In line with

32

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

main buyers of headlamps made by Hella Lux Slovenija according to value were General Motors, more precisely, Opel and Fiat. The second large group was VW-Audi, while Renault came in as third.

In June 2008, Hella again changed its name, this time to Hella Saturnus Slovenija d. o. o. (Ltd). The Saturnus ognisable at home and abroad, above all on the territory of other former Yugoslavian states. In this period, Hella’s company in Slovenia exported as much as 95 percent of their production. This was also due to a new, 10 million EUR worth facility producing plastic lenses for headlamps and fog lamps, which had been opened in December 2007.

Before the implementation of the new technology, the plastic lenses were bought in Germany and the Czech

the strategy of that time, namely that of ing to the concern division of lighting, the Hella management followed the of the country”. However, things were complicated due to Slovenian legislation, which did not allow the use of foreign words. It was, however, legal to use a name from an extinct language, Lux Slovenija.

In December 2007, the president of

the concern Dr. Behrend, pleasantly surprised the company’s leadership and employees on the opening of the facility for plastic lenses, announcing the return of the name Saturnus into the and it will always be Saturnus,” said Dr. Behrend. The new name Hella Saturnus Slovenija again connected the company’s tradition of several decades and its local recognisability to the opportunities

Republic, whereas later on, they manufactured them by themselves with less costs and higher quality. This helped the company achieve even higher competitiveness and growth.Including this investment, the company acquired three new large-series headlamps projects (GM Insignia, Gallardo project in LED-implementation and six new fog lamps projects for VW, BMW and Audi vehicles.

At the beginning of the year 2008, the position of the

manager of the Hella factory for the production of lighting equipment in China, and had been head of the development and production sector at Hella Saturnus as its technical manager from 2003 until his departure to China.

In the middle of 2008, North America and Europe registered an approximately 16 percent fall in new car sales.

Revoz, the biggest Slovenian automotive producer, had to adapt to the situation in November the same year by reducing production. Meanwhile, the recession consequences were felt in the next few years by all Slovenian suppliers to the automotive industry. Hella Saturnus end of 2010, their revenues rising from 2008 to the end of 2010 by the rate of a few dozen percent. With new orders

In December 2007, Hella Lux Slovenija opened a new plastic lens production facility for headlamps and fog lamps, worth ten million EUR. The photograph shows (from left to right):

the Saturnus supervisory board Werner Lenke and managing director of Hella Lux Slovenija Andrej Lazar.

for headlamps and fog lamps manufacturing for largeseries cars, the company employed almost 800 additional of 2011. In the business year 2010/2011, concluding with the end of May 2011, it generated a revenue of 251 milSaturnus Slovenija, with its 1,900 employees, of which 130 are top experts in machine engineering and electrotechnology, is one of the largest Slovenian exporters, exporting as much as 95 percent of its products.

The company in the future remains socially responsible and at the same time ambitious, open to change,

Managing director of Hella Saturnus Slovenija Christof Droste and Director of Opel Slovenija Borut Gazvoda in January 2008 on the presentation of the vehicle Opel Insignia on the Slovenian market.

LED-technology is destined to play 2011, namely as one of the possible solutions for daytime running lights.

The European Commission drafted a directive compelling all new cars from 2011 onwards to be equipped with special daytime running lights. Daytime running lights (DRL) are special headlamps that

in Class”.

turn on whenever the vehicle is in contact mode and improve the vehicle’s visibility the manufacturers’ data, the use of LEDtechnology for daytime running lights enables us to spend ten times less electricity as the use of ordinary headlamps. In 2008, Hella Saturnus Slovenija together with its parent company developed the

in the world to launch the serial production of the full LED headlamp. The LEDdiodes in headlamps have changed at the turn of the previous decade, or better, they set the design guidelines in cars.

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

33

Development and Manufacturing of Lighting Equipment for Renowned Automotive Trademarks Today, Hella Saturnus Slovenija is on of the biggest Slovenian exporters, successfully combining its experience of over 60 years in the development and production of automotive lighting equipment in Slovenija with Most of the revenue is created by exporting to other countries of the European Union. The company also exports its products into Asian and South American countries, such as China, Brazil and Mexico. The largest domestic buyer of the Hella Saturnus headlamps is the only Slovenian automotive factory, the Novo mesto Revoz. On 67,000 square metres of surface, 30,300 square metres comprising production premises and warehouses, the factory produces 3,3 million headlamps and 8 million fog lamps annually. Two thirds of the entire production comprise lighting equipment for the groups General MoRenault-Nissan and one sixth of the entire production going out to other renowned global automotive producers,

From the year 2008, when the position of managing director was taken over by Christof Droste, Hella Slovenija’s revenue grew annually by the rate of a few dozen percent. From 92 million EUR in 2007, it grew to 251 million EUR until the of employees in the same period almost doubled. Hella has around 1,900 employees today. The photograph shows Managing director of Hella Saturnus Slovenia Christof Droste and the second name of the Renault company Patrick PÊlata in 2009.

In addition to innovative products, the company Hella procedures and services.

Hella Saturnus Slovenija thus develops and produces a series of high quality lighting equipment products for cars, such as headlamps, fog lamps, daytime running lamps and single or multifunctional lamps. In addition to innovative products, they also excel by their operative

34

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

procedures and services, which help them maintain their exceptionally competitive position within Hella. Rich international business experience, well educated, loyal and

Saturnus with the role of a competence centre for auxiliary headlamps a few years ago. It supports Slovenian society in further growth, investments into developmental capacities and new technologies, thus strengthening its competitiveness.

Seven Values of the Hella Company

Regarding its vision, Hella Saturnsus Slovenija wrote that it wishes to become the most wanted partner of its buyers in the development and production of headlamps and extra lamps due to adaptability, desire for novelties, dynamic character and capability, and at the same time manage ment and the development of systems of lighting support for the driver.

The personnel of Hella Saturnus Slovenija realises that their objectives will be more easily met if they live according to the values, encompassed by the principle of

Members of the collegiate body of Hella Saturnus Slovenija upon the annual visit by the CEO of the group Hella, Dr. Breidenbach, and the head of the operative Nils-Jörg Kranz (from left to right): Matej Štempelj, Lilijana Dolenc, Metelko, Boštjan Furlan, Tjaša Cetinski, Christof Droste, Dr. Rolf Breidenbach, Nils-Jörg Kranz, Dr.

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

35

From the Airport and the Street to the Living Room Today, the company Hella Saturnus Slovenija is not accommodation and business premises. People demand more and more user- and environment-friendly light, technology of LED-lighting, applicable in many, even extremely demanding areas. One of the most important

public premises. Simple ceiling lights therefore will not

Hella's LED-lighting Eco StreetLine excels by its modular design, adapted for the future – with each replacement of the LED-module with built in new technology, the public streetlight is automatically upgraded. In addition to the

entirely controlled by the user. In its programme, Hella

enables additional energy savings, which in comparison to the old technology amount to as much as 70 percent.

The possibility to choose the appropriate light direction -

developers, Hella Saturnus Slovenija plans to develop a new Hella line of street and industrial lighting excelling by its precise light reproduction and high energy

standards regarding hygienic standards of light sources, such as refrigeration chambers, car washes etc. Within

most demanding users in the public as well as private sector, and develop sustainable solutions with the use of new technologies that help to raise the quality of life and urban ecosystems.

innovative ground lighting for airports,

this form of lighting also lowers carbon emissions (up to 85 percent), thus providing as ecologically friendly illumination as possible. LED-light modules have

36

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

a 12-year product lifespan and 20-year ering maintenance and servicing costs.

The newly developed Hella LED-lighting Eco StreetLine excels by its modular design, well adapted for the future.

Hella Saturnus in the Media

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

37

Hella Saturnus in the Media

38

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

Highlights

companies. These functions include: devel-

Both variants were explained at the trade union meeting by Stane Peterca, who based his presentation entirely on the to the college at the beginning of October.

owned company or a composite company (the proposal for such an arrangement came from Avtooprema), from the viewpoint of the division of individual business functions, economic basis of organisation, management, authorisation and liability, as well as self-governing organisation.

Both variants tend to maintain or even more consistently implement the organisational division of Saturnus in line with its production programmes. Should we motive equipment and tool-factory with machine building, would be organised as an independent company that would simultaneously unite a large part of the business functions (so-called operative functions) now performed by the corporate services: planning, human resources, law, general function, and partly information and gic importance� would be performed on the level of the composite company, established as a legal entity by all three

external trade transactions, establishment consulting, human resources development, organisation system and development of applications of information programmes, leisure activity and social nutrition. ic unit, which, in turn, could not perform its functions as an independent legal entity.

Individual production units would, in the same way as with the composite company, separately perform all operative business functions, including those that are now performed by the corporate services, while strategic functions would be performed on the level of the entire company.

Glas Saturnusa 1989

A series of mass excursions, easier and more demanding expeditions to domestic guides, on average 20 excursions a year etc. All this and more was organised by the Mountaineering Society Saturnus this year celebrating its 20th anniversary.

The birthday of the Mountaineering Society Saturnus is 23 April 1970, on the occasion of the society’s founding community meeting. Organised mountaneering started with a mass expedition to Triglav. On the initiative of the enthusiastic mountainlovers, a mountaineering section and its committee were established next year. a variegated programme of excursions and sary arrangements to for the founding of a mountaineering society.

Those who persisted as society members all those 20 years or even less were able to experience our mountains from left unclimbed. plaque of the Ljubljana Municipality on 25 April this year, while its members who sacrithe Slovenian Mountaineering Association.

GOOD LUCK on your future paths and expeditions!

Glas Saturnusa 1990

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

39

Highlights

A lot of domestic companies have expressed their interest in our products, howMeanwhile, our exhibition space was also visited by Fiat and PSA, who are considering the extension of their cooperation with Saturnus to new products, as well.

An appearance at the Salon of Automotive Equipment in Belgrade has special connected to the automotive industry, because it is the only fair of this type in our country. Our promotion department each year attempts to display the Saturnus lighting equipment in a most attractive way

possible.

This year, the focus of the exhibition space was a car made of blue neon tubes.

He had Saturnus headlamps built in, going viewers’ attention. The driver was a robot, made of lamps and headlamps from our

(Saturn!).

Foreign and domestic visitors both assessed the Saturnus exhibition space in a very positive manner. The Belgrade television even showed as the introductory recording from the exhibition of the fair.

Glas Saturnusa 1990

its debt to Saturnus is an example of good business co-operation and morally ethical operation, as well as mutual trust in former mandate, from 1994 to 2001, and when all payment transactions between Serbia

though it could have avoided it.

Saturnus 1994

40 Years of the Saturnus The Saturnus Mountaineering Society although it started operating a few years before that with a climb on Triglav. The society was founded with a purpose of

Ojstrica. In 1987, Saturnus also got to man-

mountaineers.

alpine guides. The Slovenian Mountaineer-

organised, dedicated to co-founder Emil

merits on the members of the society, among others the bronze and silver badge

until 1984. Around 20 expeditions were held

40

each year, including foreign mountains.

Some of the most enthusiastic mountaineers climbed over four thousand meter mountains. The most renowned mass

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

SEEInG AnD BEInG SEEn

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

41

Naturally, the history of automotive headlamps is intrinsically connected to the history of automobiles. to illuminate their surroundings – in the same way as carriages -, however, their role, illustrated by the slogan day. The vertical technological development has, however, seen to it that we percept automotive light bodies

vehicle’s design.

Electricity in automobiles, and the electrical automobile headlamp along with it, lit up in 1913. The company Bosch at that time introduced a system called BoschLicht, consisting of a headlamp, a battery, a dynamo and a regulator. In spite of the great interest in the Bosch

carbide lights until the end of WW1. However, the next decade brought along the full enforcement of electric automotive headlamps. The headlamps of that period had a recognizable shape, they were round and built into a cone casing. in 1924, the car light-bulb manufacturer Osram manufactured a light-bulb with a double function. The so-called BILUX light-bulb comprised a long as well as short-range headlamp. Before that, to wit, automobiles had a separate headlamp for the short and the long range. manufacturers began to integrate headlamps into the Olympia in 1935), thereby stepping on a path that still lasts today. Namely, in the next century, the car headlamp became an increasingly important automotive design element. American manufacturers (in the same year of 1935) invented the so-called valve light, which is recognisable by it being hidden from view when unused (in the daytime, therefore), staying inside the mudguard or the engine lid, from where it is raised when turned on. can Cord 810/812, however, the American and Japanese car manufacturers used it for long decades, almost until headlamps to its sports model Corvette as late as in 2005.

Meanwhile, the 1930s were also a springboard for the headlamps.

headlamp, Tam Pionir, in 1949.

between 1947 and 1948 were manufactured after the foreign examples, however, they were only provisorily useful, therefore we sought the help of the leading lighting equipment manufacturers. Between 1960 and 1961, the English

42

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

company LUCAS decided to help us organise a lighting laboratory in which manufacturing could be planned and controlled along with our experts, based on the requests of the international agreement on the homologation of motor vehicles’ equipment. Our lighting

laboratory was the only one in Yugoslation measurements and luminosity control, as well as the control of colour characteristics of the lighting-signal equipment of motor vehicles.

Source: The Saturnus Brochure, 1981

The round shape of car headlamps prevailed in the automotive industry for more than half a century, the lamps appearing as late as in the 1960s. Among the more recognisable models sporting such headlamps were Ford

short and two for long-range lights, became constant for almost all American models of the 1970s. Evidently,

models RO 80 and Prinz 1000. The American automotive industry, placing all bets on large vehicles from the very

its C-class model introduced the characteristic verticallyshaped headlamps, a true design hit. The 1970s also brought along the change in light-bulbs, Hella being the

Fiat 1300 and Lancia Flavia also sported an abundance of -

of headlamps. The use of double headlamps, meanbuilding H4-type light-bulbs into its headlamps.

among fog lamps and were not replaced by the rectangular shapes until the 1970s. The photograph (left) shows a halogenous fog lamp from Saturnus in 1974 and a halogenous long-range fog lamp from Saturnus in 1976 (right).

A true design goody was introduced during the transition from the 1960s to the 1970s by CitroÍn. Their SM model from 1970 was a true engineers’ achievement,

Saturnus constantly developed its production of -

Bosch, Carello, Cibie, Hella, Lucas and Marchal. In

the adequate light-bulb and the carefully constructed

They placed a transparent piece of glass in front of the headlamps, which gave the vehicle a special image. With the development of new technologies for car manufacroad turns as soon as forty years ago - the designers gained additional freedom in shaping the front of the car.

Hella launched its serial production of headlamps illuminating road turns in 2003.

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

43

in the world of automotive headlamps to the year 1988, when car manufacturers started to introduce transparent glass on the headlamps. The light dispersion was of the headlamp had no more visible structure and was entirely transparent. The same year, Hella developed a computer-navigated beam of light. The new technol-

in the headlamps lens. In the next decade, the headlamp manufacturers replaced the protective transparent glass with the specially developed transparent plastic, which is contemporary headlamps are thus almost entirely made als remains, mostly for electric conductors.

The next development step came about due to a technical solution called the lens headlamp. The placement of the lens in front of the headlamps helps to direct the light beam, which was necessary in the xenon light bodies’ technologies. The xenon and bi-xenon lights and headlamps enabled the designers to unleash their creativity, because the headlamps could become smaller and smaller in dimension, although the large surfaces of

produced already in 1992, while Hella started to produce bi-xenon headlamps in 1999.

There are no boundaries for technological development, and the demands for high luminosity along with low consumption led to the use of lamps comprising LED diodes. At the turn into the new millennium, the automo-

Hella began to manufacture xenon technology headlamps in 1992. into the automobiles of the Mercedes-Benz manufacturer. The photograph shows a xenon headlamp developed by Hella for the Maserati Quattroporte.

manufacturing of the third stop lamp, followed by its LED-lamps were moved into the front part of the vehiusing them were the Audi designers, who underscored a Thus, the Audi and other cars today can even be rec-

are being produced in the Hella factories. because the LED-technology is entering the main headlamps. The luminosity of these light bodies is high, the possibility to direct light beams excellent and precise.

Furthermore, the technology enables designers to freely create images and even more freely design the entire

Hella in 2008 also developed and created the LED-headlamps for the Cadillac model Escalade Platinum.

LED-headlamps represent the latest fashion. They can mostly be found in cars of the higher price range. The photograph shows a headlamp developed by Hella Saturnus Slovenija for Lamborghini Gallardo.

44

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

and van vehicles and tractors. Moreover, they produced light bod-

1949

1950

1950

1968

1970

cargo vehicle TAM Pionir.

lamp.

vehicle TAM Pionir.

Headlamp for the automobile Citroën

Saturnus on the glass. It was built into

1974

1974

Halogenous rally headlamp for fog

Headlamp for the automobile VW Golf I. In 1979, the headlamp was upgraded with a H4 light-bulb.

1975

1976

1981

Halogenous long-range headlamp for

101 with the H4 light-bulb.

Headlamp for the automobile Fiat 750 1970

1981

S 200”. Very popular headlamp with domestic and foreign rally drivers.

Halogenous long-range headlamp

1971

1971

FAP with a plate-lamp.

Headlamp for the automobile Renault 4.

1982

1984

Headlamp for the automobile VW Golf II with the H4 light-bulb.

1989

Universal headlamp for cargo vehicles and buses Daimler-Benz and FAP, 366x205 mm.

Headlamp for the automobile 1973 Saturnus-Cibie.

as the winner’s cup at the 12th Rally Saturnus in 1989.

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

45

Highlights

We have now enriched our set of light-

From Idea to Headlamp

therefore used the front lamp of the vehicle FIAT 128. It served as a model to provide us with adequate tools for serial production.

with a front direction indicator lamp. While

facturing of also had quite a few problems

series of the front direction indicator lamp shown on the picture is being omitted from the installation programme.

The birth of the mentioned lamp was -

lamp.

As it is with the introduction of any new product, there were some initial problems tor lamp, but they will be eliminated in the shortest possible time.

Last year, Saturnus assimilated the halogenous fog lamp and the long-range headlamps with a diameter of 136mm.

the renowned lighting producers, such as CIB16, BOSCH, LUCAS, MARCHAL, HELLA, CARELLO and others.

Tests show that both products have very favourable characteristics for driving in our Yugoslavian conditions. Both are designed though their function as lamps is entirely With the use of a precise parabolic mirror, the most adequate light-bulb available and a carefully constructed lens, we have achieved a strong, low, very wide light beam, harshly limited vertically.

The combination of two main and two long-range headlamps 136 Saturnus prowhich is exceptionally strong in the narrow central area of the light beams (2째 left to 20 right).

Glas Saturnusa 1974

It can be installed in all types of motor vehicles, its light beam can be regulated, and it can be fastened with a bolting implement M. The fog lamp sports a very wide light beam of white or yellow, enabling road orientation while driving in the fog.

The long-range headlamp has a strong, narrow beam of white light, which serves as a supplement to the long beams of the vehicles main headlamps.

Glas Saturnusa 1974

46

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

Highlights

From Idea to Headlamp

wind-screen will be highly inclined, so that ality it will be even shorter than the present model, namely by 2.3cm. The tail window will be panoramic – slightly bent and larger.

the time, which became quite successful and soon became imitated by other car in 1983.

More than the originality of design, elaboration. However, the form of the new Golf will also be quite transformed. The

this new form. The entire car will be more rounded, allowing less air resistance. The

duce manual regulation of the light beam from the vehicle’s cabin. This time though, it presented an automatic version of the remote light beam regulation. car body, and of the headlamps along with it, changes in line with the change of the vehicle’s load, causing the headlamps to manual control enabled the driver to correct the headlamps slope depending of the load through a steering engine, there were, however, irregularities due to additional ing. Automatic regulation enables the slope of the headlamps to adapt to the incline of the vehicle in half a second. The correction id dictated by special elements on the front

all the way to the bumper.

The present Golf model is counting its last days. In the second half of next year,

most for us is that the new model is going to sport transformed headlamps. Especially the manufacturing of headlamps with paraboloids from duroplast will call for a lot of and also new investments.

Glas Saturnusa 1990

Among its novelties, Hella presented the three-axial elliptic (DE) projection headlamp. Because it is low and incorporates a diverging lens with a high slope, it can be built into modern vehicles sporting an aerodynamic shape with an optimal cw-factor (factor of aerodynamics). The loid, no longer goes through the diverging lens, but through a special diverging lens optics, which dissipates the light in an optimal, proportionate manner. Therefore, it is almost impossible for the fog, strong rain and snow to dip the beam.

Another novelty is a complex surface headlamp or free surface headlamp (FF), used as a dipped-beam headlamp. Given that it uses the entire illuminating surface of the paraboloid, it provides around 80% more light than the average paraboloid allow for a high slope of diverging lenses.

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

47

BY InnOVATIOnS, DESIGn AnD Janez Damjan, MSc

48

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

boxes we are today able to see in museum collections

apart from the name, to the highly technological company Hella Saturnus Slovenija, which among other products manufactured the headlamps of the European car of the year. The development experts invest tens of thousands

but ended up developing the technology of tin printing part of the production process,” as state the old Saturnus documents. Saturnus also needed resourcefulness due to the constant social changes and tumultuous times, when they were often forced to produce the things they had

today’s top headlamps for Opel Insignia, the European car of the year 2009, have nothing in common. And yet, both products are connected through the business strategy of the same brand, in which key roles have been and still are occupied by innovativeness, technological development, design and marketing.

and the business strategy through time shows that the old and the new Saturnus products have important common characteristics.

chemical and other products. Their diverse shapes and lively graphical image directly addressed the consumer.

Form and other visible characteristics were important and bicycle equipment. The bicycle bell and the rattle even addressed the user on the auditory level. Similarly is excellent illumination, while their shape and outside image are the most evident characteristics. Symbolically

image and usefulness are therefore important characteristics of all Saturnus’s products and at the same time elements of good design, aimed at the increase of quality of the user’s life.

Innovation is another common characteristic of Saturnus’s products or the people creating them. The son of how to adapt the entire car-body to the family needs.

an English light-body company Lucas already in 1959, followed by other foreign partners. Already in the 1960s, they started collaborating with expert human resources tions. In Saturnus, innovativeness was not exclusively

system of self-government in 1951, and twenty years organisation bureaux”.

Development and creation of new forms are goal oriented in all successful companies, new solutions provide

a certain time period. The company Saturnus precedes present in it from the very beginning. Thus, we are able to read in the archival material how the new lithography department in 1930 increased its choice, improved its quality and competitiveness. Adaptability towards the buyers was foremost already at that time, often at the WW2, in the socialist period, the politicians were not considered more important than the buyers. From the many articles in the Saturnus newsletters, one could deduct that the excellent political connections and the

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

49

and Communist Party functions even contributed to the are able to read a title in a brochure from 1971, when the Sales – Relationship Towards the Buyer”, even though no

try, lighting and other additions to transport vehicles, domestic products, toys and even weapons all have a common denominator in the Saturnus brand. It could be ness, an awareness of the meaning of industrial design

business trust and understanding. Such a business concept, such a business orientation does not allow for one-hit wonders or the policy of momentary sales results. We introduce forms of long-term business cooperation into our everyproducts, the operation of the repair service, introduction of sales according to agreement by holding commercial meetings, the care for fairs and catalogues... The long-term sales policy is based on understanding and trust.” of Saturnus, 1971) sary of Saturnus in 1971 bears witness to the fact that the Saturnus personnel understood the essence of successful

The shampoo packaging from the 1960s and the car headlamp for Twingo, the smallest Renault vehicle, are but two examples of the Saturnus products that excellently combine function and form. The Saturnus’s foremen, technologists and engineers were always good designers.

tional opportunities to study the business path of the successful company and the Slovenian economic history and consumer society. On the occasion of the ninetieth anniversary of Saturnus, we dedicated special attention to the development of the Saturnus brand, which is based on the photographs of items and other documentation from the collection of the Fabiani museum shop.

Saturnus, which underwent great changes in technology and economy, as well as wars and other most radical social changes. Unfortunately, most companies in our -

who could respond to the needs and demands of the economic and political environment and simultaneously introduce new business models, along with models of Much has already been written regarding the diverse aspects of Saturnus’s development and its meaning for our economic and social environment, but there are still some areas needing to be explored in further detail.

Although the development of the company is not -

50

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

Several dozen Yugoslavian Oskars for packaging prove that Saturnus dedicated a lot of attention to packaging design.

Factory of Metal Packaging “Saturnus” Ljubljana is accepting an Oskar for packaging in 1962.

Origin and Development of the Saturnus Brand a personal or family name of the owner and founder is a characteristic example of how many brand names came about, and was generally the prevailing manner of namAt the time of the initial establishment of the company Saturnus in 1921, Emil Lajovic only owned one quarter of all shares, he was, however, the business operator and started the production of tin products with his partner Anton Lampret two years before that.

According to written and oral sources, the company in 1924, but there are no concrete data to be found on which company that was. The same sources, namely former employees and their records in the company’s articles, newsletters and other documents, say that this

name Saturnus was something special for our economic environment at the time.

The round tin tablet measuring 16.5 cm in diameter, is the only known preserved product from the initial period of the operation of the factory, between 1921 and 1924 named Emil Lajovic & Drug, d. d., Ljubljana. The contracting authority for the product was Zavarovalnica Triglav (“Triglav Insurance Company”), which is an interesting detail, for the managing director of the company at the time was Ladi Lajovic, Emil Lajovic’s brother.

Saturn was the roman god of agriculture and harvesting, who also symbolised abundance and peace. In the Middle Ages, it gained great connected with melancholy, justice and order. The planet Saturn, the second largest in our sun system, was already known in the ancient period, while his characteristic rings were discovered by Galileo at the beginning of the 17th century.

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

51

However, an examination of old business register shows that at that time, there were already several com-

Hermes, Helios, Minerva and Neptun. Another interesting

one of the most educated businessmen of that time. It is therefore entirely possible that the factory was renamed according to the Latin version of the name of the planet and the Roman god upon the initiative of its Slovenian owners.

Printed document from the year 1930 showing the graphic corporate design of the company Saturnus between 1924 and 1935, when the company’s operation was headed by a Dutch-German co-owner.

The oldest preserved tin box bearing the name SATURNUS, namely from the period right after the renaming of the company in 1924, is the packaging for the Dutch cocoa brand Van Kaster, imported and sold by the Ljubljana-based trader Filip Ĺ ibenik and his company Adria.

SATURNUS was used, then the abbreviation D. D. was added, and then the word LJUBLJANA. Several hundred preserved items from the pre-WW2 period thus mostly bear the inscription SATURNUS D. D. LJUBLJANA, which

52

the beginning of the 1930s. We gather that after the year

Most of the Saturnus products in the pre-WW2 period is branded with the name SATURNUS D. D. LJUBLJANA in

the inscription in slightly bold upright writing began to dominate.

dominating.

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

Individual Saturnus products, which are typically aimed at foreign customers or international companies, only sport a sign in the shape of a capital letter S inside a circle probably representing the planet Saturn with its typical rings. We assume it developed from an attempt to place the inscription Saturnus, d. d., Ljubljana into a circle ing items. This probably happened as late as in the midcreated before the year 1934, the sign does not appear.

On rare products, the sign appeared also as a part of the

entire company name, after the words D. D. During WW2 or in the period of Italian occupation, the Slovenian signpost Ljubljana was replaced by the Italian tory still used old printed matter, while the products bore the short version of the entire name with a sign, but without the abbreviation D. D. Saturnus most probably got the role, in 1951, upon the thirtieth anniversary of the factory and the introduction of self-government.

The head of the printed matter (left) shows the graphic corporate design of the company after company was registered in 1951. Two years later, the factory also got a new corporate design (picture right).

are the same as before the war, only without the abbreviation D. D. signifying the pre-war economic form of the public limited company.

The word Ljubljana in the name of the company was gradually replaced by the word Yugoslavia.

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

53

urnus already in 1949, however, its sign was not printed on it. The same goes for the light sources made in the 1950s, even though the Saturnus factory already gained time. At the beginning of the 1960s, Saturnus assimilated the modern English technology of headlamp production

Technical drawing of the headlamp, also Saturnus headlamps label in the period 1961-1971.

the Saturnus trademark was by far the most widely known, sported by all headlamps in the period between 1970 and 2004, which were manufactured for over a million cars of diverse brands. Moreover, it is the only form of the Saturnus trademark, used even today on the spare parts for older cars.

At the end of the 1960s, Saturnus started to produce light sources for passenger vehicles of European brands, and the need arose for more distinctive labelling of its products. Thus, in 1970, the inscription SaturnuS was

The Saturnus corporate design from the beginning of the 1950s underwent a slight change in 1972, when the

by itself. All the Saturnus headlamps for Fiat, Renault, that inscription until 2004.

54

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

Later, the sign was omitted and was not used in promotion materials.

In the beginning of the 1990s, a new corporate design was formed, again underscoring the planet Saturn. This image was used until 2004 by all companies that were established after the company.

After the year 2004, the Ljubljana-based factory Hella Saturnus Slovenija has been producing top-range automotive light sources with the label Hella.

The corporate graphic design featuring a sign from the 1950s was used by Saturnus until the beginning of the 1970s, when the factory leadership estimated that the was entrusted with the modernisation of the sign. She drafted a new corporate identity and then maintained it for over forty years. This dynamic period witnessed many organisational changes which among other things left their trace on the image of the company and its products.

Thus, at the end of the year 1990, a new Saturnus corSaturn above the name of the company, without the addition Ljubljana or Yugoslavia. The image was used by all the companies in the new corporation, divided into the

factory and machine manufacture.

Noot, which preserved the name Saturnus until 2011, -

Ltd, but since 2008, it has been named Hella Saturnus Slovenija, Ltd. The products manufactured in Ljubljana no longer bear the label Saturnus, while the name Saturnus still persists in the company’s corporative business.

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

55

into this printed matter. Their success is

received several of them. Among other merits, she received the award from

December 1982 for her Saturnus New Year’s Calendar 1982 at the exhibition of various already awarded promotion materials from the period between 1978 and 1985. The author of excellent

calendars in 1983, followed by the highest recognition of the expert commission, the Golden Dragon, for her calendar

serves a lot of credit for the awards.

nitions of diverse Yugoslavian institutions

In addition to catalogues, brochures and advertisements for its products, the Saturnus promotion department also published annual calendars without language. The authors of the Saturnus annual calendars could therefore incorporate all of their creative potential

1986, the Slovenian Designers Association awarded her with

One of the largest Slovenian export companies and the only manufacturer of automotive lighting in Slovenia is Slovenija d.o.o..

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90th Anniversary of Saturnus

What Are the Saturnus Products Able to Tell us about Our Economic History?

In view of the fact that the Saturnus products are component parts of several wide consumption products and at the same time represent an important means of

companies, as well as economic history in general.

An interesting example of packaging from the 1930s, labelled only with the Saturnus sign, consists of tin cookie boxes sporting the exact same motive and identical pattern.

Apparently, they were used by at least two manufacturers,

tomobile Association of Slovenija”) in 1977, in order to test and promote its headlamps. The publication issued on the seventieth anniversary of the company a favourable opinion on Saturnus and its products, the latter not being aimed

Calendar and signboard from the end of the 1950s show how at that time, the symbolic language of advertisement entered our space, along with the form of business cooperation which would today be called the “automotive cluster”.

the rally developed into an internationally acclaimed sporting event.

The photograph on the left features an interesting tin box or bag from the

materials. The right photograph shows s corporative advertisement for the company Saturnus Avtooprema upon the occasion of the sixteenth rally in 1993.

tional attendance, meetings between factory teams and business partners, large media response.” In a few years,

the Slovenian historical memory, is today present in the media mostly as part of the Rally Saturnus brand.

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

57

Highlights

From Idea to Awards

Eurostar, which allows entry only to the aging. The award was bestowed for our the bestowal, the jury underscored that country. The award was conferred due to its original form and excellent lithography.

58

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

In spite of all the reservations, the striving for novelties in our case is not simply turer in the country, but should be an everyday care for a better and more successful SATURNUS of tomorrow.

Glas Saturnusa 1974

RALLY SATURnUS MORE THAn A MERE SPORTInG EVEnT

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

59

factory unanimously thought they urgently needed a polygon to test their headlamps. So they got organised and in 1978, each one of them volunteered in line with their own capabilities to help with the preparations of road velocity held under that name. Actually, rally as a sport began in the Saturnus factory even before that year, being the favourite leasure-time sport of several employees. From the very beginning, Rally Saturnus was meant

The start ramp of the

industry. In addition to sport contestants, the organisers at the events also got acquainted with developers and businessmen from the automotive industry.

1978.

At the beginning of the 1970s, the company Saturnus was mostly a metal-processing company. The manufac-

Thus, the idea of their own medium in the form of a sporting event was formed and developed. It gained

aging – was not technologically demanding. Meanwhile, the development and manufacturing of car headlamps,

Saturnus. The ideological godfather of the project Roman

VW, opened an entirely new dimension to Saturnus and organise their own rally event was thus at the same time

able personalities from the automotive world of the entire European space. In those years, national borders were a lot more closed than today, so getting in touch and maintaining contacts with potential foreign buyers ness part of the rally provided for meetings between the and the development personunadvisable for these personalities to even meet, much less communicate, during the big automotive fairs, the automotive sporting event was used for an exchange of opinions, which provided Saturnus with important contacts and factory sympathisers.

As soon as in 1973, the Saturnus employees used the notions rally and Saturnus at the same time on their stickers.

Five years from then, the graphic image was transformed into a real event.

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90th Anniversary of Saturnus

Rally calendar from the year 1978.

The objectives of the event were extremely ambiit an important European automotive event. The event generated increasing success from year to year, becoming more and more attractive to viewers as well as business guests. International attendance grew by numbers, meetings between factory teams presenting and testing new products were multiplied. The event helped Saturnus open many doors with the biggest names of the motorsport.

With the inclusion of the Avto-moto zveza Slovenije ganisation of Rally Saturnus, the sporting event gained by people from several sport circles, the Automobile As-

The most attractive viewers’ positions were long turns with rally cars drifting across the track.

Rally Saturnus to reach a higher level.

the European Championship calendar. Since then, the of 2002. The race in 1981 was attended by racers from

European Championship rallies.

In the mid-1980s, the event exceeded its sports framegatherings in Slovenia and Yugoslavia of that time. Due

to year, the rally increasingly gained recognition and in 1985, Saturnus contributed to the gathering of points for the European Championship. In 1978, the race encompassed only six speed trials, compared to 26 in 1986,

category. The range of street cars was enriched by their sports car versions.

Saturnus was also famous for its night races. Brane be followed by three more, remembers his adventures the start, the factory equipped our cars with a set of

over in spite of my repeated use of the horn. I drove with no other option than to hit his bumper and drive him out them, but I won nevertheless.� The Saturnus event experienced one of its greatest adventures in 1989, when

year 1982 without the lid protecting the headlamp from mechanical damage during daytime races.

Mohhamed Bin Sulayem, appeared at the race, being the most successful rally driver from the Middle East. He succeeded in winning the regional championship in that region as many as fourteen times. He drove a factory model of Toyota Celica GT4.

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

61

to establish contact with the wide audience and successtrials including drifting and daring driving gave paved the

was also the only female contestant at the Rally Saturnus to enter the national championship in 1987, and came in best female contestant of the championship. Indeed, she In 1990, a little over two months before the thirteenth edition of Rally Saturnus, the company founded the AvtoSaturnus was also famous for its night-time races.

The photograph was taken at the Rally Saturnus night race in 1987.

most recognisable Yugoslavian automotive sporting event, was to promote it throughout the year, organise organising visits to rally races etc. The Automobile Society (AMD) Saturnus was initially established on 7 March

Rally Saturnus hit the lowest point in the year 2000, when after twenty years it stopped contributing points for the Austrian national championship and was mostly

technical manager at the time.

were mainly merited for the fact that at least the last speed trial was held on Slovenian asphalt. The two direct competitors entered a veritable paper war, for which they were awarded in Koper, when several thousand viewers showed up at the trial.

It is hard to select the most acclaimed speed trial of the Rally Saturnus so far. The greatest number of sup-

place in a landscape with spectacular views, and the latter because of its technically demanding dirt road sec-

the Planina serpentines also became famous and attracted an extremely wide audience each time.

In over thirty years of Rally Saturnus, the technical regulations have changed several times, which is why the The WRC-class automobiles, today considered to be the until 1999. most viewers. The speed trials at Predmeja and Hrušica quickly became known as prestigious locations for the fans of rally races.

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90th Anniversary of Saturnus

Romana Zrnec with her driver’s assistant Pavel Nartnik in a Renault 11 Turbo at the Golovec race of the 1987 Rally Saturnus, where she had to turn the overall victory over to her rival due to air supercharger trouble.

Only a few female drivers managed to succeed in motorsports. One of them a step away from victory at the 1987 Rally Saturnus.

Because of her fearless driving, Romana became popular with several thousand speed driving is in my genes. In my family, driving was always my mother’s, not my father’s nec, today an entrepreneur. recognition in the rally sport category, because women ously in automobile clubs.

However, after two successful performances, Renault invited her into its factory

Today, Rally Saturnus is certainly the biggest automotive sports event in our country. This year, it was organised for the 34scree time. In the past years, the event experienced its ups and downs, however, it regained its previous reputation in the last few years. Sports and sporting competitions, such as the Rally Saturnus, are eration, friendship and co-existence. For the realisation of the event, the support provided by the company Hella Saturnus Slovenija is essential, meanwhile, the sponsor is able to uplift the company reputation within its operative environment by participating at this event.

drove a Renault in the third race, surprising everyone with my result,” she recalls.

Especially dear to her are the memories of the 1987 Rally Saturnus, when she held out hopes for a historic achievement behind the steering wheel of Renault 11 Turbo, but had to pass victory over to her rivals due to a sudden would have won for sure. Of course I regret not having won, victory at the Saturnus was always something special,” explains Romana well among the otherwise all-male contestants, in spite of all the stereotypes. After motorsports career, we are still waiting for her true successor.

The start ramp from the year 2007, when the event was still called Rally Hella.

A while ago, the event was again renamed from Rally Hella to Rally Saturnus, because the latter has a well anchored tradition in the Slovenian space. For the sponsor, the company Hella Saturnus Slovenija, the event provides a construction of its reputation and a sense of belonging among the employees, as well as recognition in a wider space, but most of all the sponsor gains recognition or continue their career in the company.

The announcement of the winners at this year’s Rally Saturnus.

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

63

Recollections The following, now legendary, racers’ statements explain why Rally Saturnus is such a special event.

-

– four times to the Planina hill and two times to Krim.

The latter trial on dirt roads was excellent. I also recall the

addition to all the impossible things that have happened to me, I once even forgot to enter as a contestant in all the fervour of car preparations. Despite my forgetfulness, I did appear at the start line, but I was the very last contestant to start.” , who won the national rally champi-

the thousands of sports fans, cheering and encouraging us on all trials, and mostly because of the dirt road trials which made Saturnus so famous. And also because you could show what you can do as a driver and what you are pensate for everything you lost due to the lower performance of the race-car motor.”

race car burned to the ground that year.”

HE EARnED An AWARD FOR FAIR-PLAY

Philippe Bugalski, French racer, after the 1993 Satexperienced such slithering asphalt.”

At the end of the year, Jemc received an award for sports gesture of the year, conferred by the Association of Slovenian Sports Journalists.

cupied the third place in the state in a Not only did Saturnus have its own rally, it also had its own rally drivers.

The most successful among them was Janez Milavec, otherwise an employee at the promotion department of the company Saturnus. In his successful twelve competition seasons, he was a three-time state (Yugoslavian) champion and a six-time republic (Slovenia) champion. He says he still favours

to 1150 cubic centimetres and third in motorsports by default include crashes.

Thus, Milavec once literally cut down no longer adequate to drive, while he himself, sporting as couple of partly race a few days later. After his second

unchallenged achievement for many years. Twice, he became vice-champion at the Yugoslavian rallies, and also oc-

64

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

Janez Milavec’s Zastava 101 model, his rally career due to the consequences of severe injuries.

Rally Saturnus in 1978.

Highlights

From Idea to Rally Race

According to the statements of the attendants of this year’s fourth trial for the

Slovenian competitors have won in all classes – Janez Milavec (Automobile SoAutomobile Society Slovenija avto became

Yugoslavian and Slovenian automobilists have obtained a new rally competition for years as the organiser of motor races True rally it is, then! True rally in view of ing competition and number of teams

proven himself at the speed trials, all the

pion James Hunt has Saturnus fog lamps installed in his private car Vauxhall. This photograph has been distributed to the attendants of the meeting with out buyers at Bled, which

swept away with the competition – Good response from the competitors at the start of the season

to wonder: Which fog lamps do I have installed in my car...

Glas Saturnusa 1978

Member of the domestic Automobile

of the competitors, but ended up at the time control nine minutes too soon, probassistant Stojan Abram, which in spite of his advantage at the speed trials reduced him

car driver Clay Ragazzoni, the winner of the Brazilian Grand Prix and member of the Ferrari team, drove a sports version

This year’s season of automotive competitions was started by AMK Titotvo received 120 (!) applications for this traditional competition, 84 teams have started

lamps. Our halogenous fog lamps and extra long-range lights have a good reputation, more and more sports car drivers decide to equip their cars with our extra lighting gear.

This guarantees that this very extra gear

the Socialist Republic of Slovenia were the happiest, having successfully repeated last year’s competition results. They have won

thus replace former foreign equipment in

the overall positioning! Among the indi-

rally-adapted version national champion glasses) next to the car and Ray Calzoni behind the steering wheel.

was the most ouststanding, having won the

up to 35KM are very suitable for rally races, and if we compare the achieved timing from some mountain speed trials, it becomes obvious that some competitors have achieved

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

65

66

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

1921 Initial establishment of the company – metal packaging production.

1948 Start of headlamps production.

First product export for German car manufacturer Volkswagen.

Business co-operation between Hella and Saturnus in manufacturing headlamps for the company VW.

2004 changes its legal status and name to become Hella Lux Slovenija d.o.o.

2008 The company name was changed from Hella Lux Slovenija d.o.o. to Hella Saturnus Slovenija d.o.o.

CHROnOLOGICAL OUTLInE

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

67

Business Name Through Time 1921 1924

Saturnus PLC Tin Products 1945

Saturnus – Tin Products

1956 1960

SATURNUS, Metal Processing Industry, Installation, Automotive Equipment, Unlimited Solidary Responsibility

1974

1992

Hella Lux Slovenija, Ltd Hella Saturnus Slovenija, Ltd

2004 2008

Number of Employees

40

250

350

450

564

550

120

173

203

489

445

597

642

683

665

765

855

877

950

1027

1428

1543

1614

1620

1514

1622

1645

1638

1828

1775

1725

1732

1815

1799

1780

1921

1924

1925

1930

1931

1935

1941

1945

1946

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

Employees

2000

1500

1000

500

0

68

90 let saturnusa

List of Leading Employees Name and Surname Function

1921—1924 1924—1943 1943—1945 1935—1945 1945—1947 1947—1950 1950—1952 1952—1953 1953—1956 1956—1973

Oskar Loeser Rudolf Stermecki

1973—1980

Miha Košak

Dušan Avsec Anton Veter Viktor Stopar

Director of Saturnus – Tin Products Managing director of Saturnus – Tin Products Managing director of Saturnus – Tin Products

Ciril Fain Managing director of the company SATURNUS, Metal Processing Industry, Installation, Automotive Equipment, Unlimited Solidary Responsibility Managing director of SATURNUS, Metal Processing Industry, Installation, Automotive Equipment, Unlimited Solidary Responsibility

1980—1986 1975—1987 1975—1986 1975—1986

Zvone Gogala Managing director of SATURNUS, Metal Processing Industry, Installation, Automotive Equipment, Unlimited Solidary Responsibility

1986—1992

Jakob Borštnar Managing director of Saturnus Automotive Equipment, PLC

Jakob Borštnar

1932

1856

1634

1248

944

811

800

777

747

731

639

613

620

597

525

523

606

590

644

633

666

683

703

764

758

670

628

611

701

Managing director of Saturnus Tool-Factory and Maintenance, PLC Manager of Saturnus Business System, Ltd Managing director of Saturnus Automotive Equipment, PLC Managing director of Hella Lux Slovenija, Ltd Managing director of Hella Saturnus Slovenija, Ltd

Christof Droste

1750

1734

1904

1952

1887

1986—1992 1987—1992 1987—1992 1992—1997 1992—1997 1992—1997 1992—1997 1997—2004 2004—2008 2008—

PLC Ljubljana Director of Saturnus PLC Tin Products Director of Saturnus PLC Tin Products Majority owner of the company - Saturnus PLC Tin Products

724

Mandate

2000

1500

1000

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1989

1988

1987

1986

1985

1984

1983

0

**

*

1982

1981

1980

1979

1978

1977

500

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

69

Lighting Equipment Products 1949 to 2011 Headlamps

2004 HELLA 2004 HELLA

TAM Pionir

1949 Saturnus

Renault Clio X65

Citroen Diana Cibie R2

1968 Saturnus

Mercedes -G

2006 HELLA

Renault R4 Cibie R2

1971 Saturnus

Opel Astra A3317 ES

2006 HELLA

Simca Ø180

1973

Opel Astra A3317 LES

2006 HELLA

Renault Twingo X44

2006 HELLA

Renault Twingo, vapor

2006 HELLA

Saturnus - Cibie

1973 Saturnus Universal Ø130

1973 Saturnus

Universal 150X90

1976 Saturnus

Opel Insignia 3700 AFL

2008 HELLA

Universal 192X108

1976 Saturnus

Opel Insignia 3700 HAL

2008 HELLA

VW Golf A1

1979 Saturnus

Opel Astra A3315 Brazil

2008 HELLA

1981 Saturnus

VW Golf A6 HAL

2008 HELLA

2008 HELLA

1982 Saturnus

2009 HELLA

Universal Ø170-Rally

1982 Saturnus

2009 HELLA

Headlamp 270X196 Simca

1984 Saturnus

Mercedes – R2 366x205

1987 Saturnus

Opel Astra A3400 HAL

2009 HELLA

VW Golf A2

1989 Saturnus

Opel Astra A3400 Sport

2009 HELLA

Mercedes – H4 366x205

1989 Saturnus

Opel Astra A3400 AFL

2009 HELLA

Fiat Uno

1989 Saturnus

VW Golf A6 AFL

2009 HELLA

Fiat Panda

1990 Saturnus

VW Golf A6 LED

2010 HELLA

Universal -2B1 200x142

1990 Saturnus

VW Golf A3

1991 Saturnus

Universal 167x106

1991 Saturnus 1995 Saturnus

Peugeot 205H4

1995 Saturnus

Peugeot 106 H4

1995 Saturnus

Opel Corsa H4

1997 Saturnus

Opel Astra A3000 ES

1998 HELLA

Opel Astra A3000 LES

1998 HELLA

Fiat Multipla 186- Halogen

1998 HELLA

VW Lupo GTI – Halogen

1999 Saturnus 2000 Saturnus

70

Maserati M139

Lamborghini Murcielago L147 – Xenon

2001 HELLA

Lancia 843 – Halogen

2002 HELLA

Ferrari Enzo FX – Xenon

2002 HELLA

Lamborghini Gallardo L140 – Xenon

2003 HELLA

Astra A3300 ES – Halogen

2003 HELLA

Astra A3300 LES – Halogen

2003 HELLA

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

2009 HELLA

Fog lamps Universal Ø130 Universal 150X90 Universal 192X108 Universal Ø170-Rally VW T4 VW Lupo 3L VW Polo A04 VW Audi D3 Mitsubishi MG0X3 VW T5 Toyota Avensis VW Golf A5 VW Touran MCC Smart Roadster VW Passat B6 Citroen C5

VW Golf A6 CD 340 Galaxy Ford Galaxy Ford S-Max * Toyota Corolla VW Touran VW Transporter in VW Polo GP BMW series X5 Citroen Picasso * Ford Mondeo * BMW series 3

VW Polo ** VW Sharan VW Golf A6 LED PSA B58 Peugeot 508 RXH *** Passat B7 ** VW 411 New Beetle

1976 1976 1976 1982 1995 1999 2001 2001 2001 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2005 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011

Saturnus Saturnus Saturnus Saturnus Saturnus Saturnus HELLA HELLA HELLA Saturnus HELLA HELLA Saturnus HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA

Nissan X02B ** Audi 484 Audi 481 Audi 370

2011 2011 2011 2011

HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA

1970 1973 1979 1988 1996 1997 1997 1999 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2011

Saturnus Saturnus Saturnus Saturnus Saturnus Saturnus Saturnus Saturnus Saturnus HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA Saturnus Saturnus HELLA Saturnus HELLA HELLA HELLA HELLA

1949 1996 1997 1999 2000 2001 2002 2007 2007

Saturnus Saturnus Saturnus Saturnus Saturnus Saturnus Saturnus HELLA HELLA

Plate lamps Lamp LESN 70 001 Lamp ET 95 X 50 Lamp ET 100 X 50 VW Passat B6 VW Golf A04 VW Vento Bora VW Sharan Ford Galaxy DC W203 DC W211 DC W219 Audi B6 VW T5 Porche Cayenne Smart Roadster Smart BR451-FOR FOUR Audi B8-(AU481-AU482-AU484) Seat25X-Ibiza VW 120

Third Stop Lamps Third Stop Lamp S3 Seat Arosa VW A3 Cabrio VW Lupo GTI DC S203 BMW E65 VW T5 Fiat Bravo

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

71

Rear Combination Lamps

for Lorries and Trailors

Lorry Trailers LEIU 200 001 LEIU 280 001

1971 1971 1982 1975 1976 1981 1991

Iveco 2000

1998

Saturnus Saturnus Saturnus Saturnus Saturnus Saturnus Saturnus HELLA, Iveco

Tractor trailers 1979 1979

Saturnus Saturnus

1970 1973

Saturnus Saturnus

Zastava

SB 124 X 62 SB 152 X 80

SB Ø110 SS Ø 88 Rear Fog-lamp 120 X 85 Reverse Driving Lamp 120 X 85

SB 140 X 50 Mercedes

Tomos mopeds 1988 1988

Saturnus Saturnus

1979 1980 1991 1987

Saturnus Saturnus Saturnus Saturnus

1995

Saturnus

2006 2006

HELLA HELLA

2006

HELLA

Fog-lamp 150 X 100 GB 88 X 44

1970 1970 1971 1971 1971 1971 1971 1972 1973 1976 1982 1982 1984 1984 1986 1987 1987 1989 1989 1991

VW Golf

VW Transporter Lamp L2T Hymer Hymer BC Hymer Verdi Lamborghini Lamborghini Gallardo

72

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

RES 300 01 RER 40 001 RES 20 001 Triangle RET 100 001 Ø 50 96 X 46 Ø 80 Triangle 130 145 X 90

1970 1970 1971 1971 1982 1982 1983 1989 1990

HELLA SATURnUS REFEREnCES

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

73

OEM Headlamps for Large-Series Cars

Opel Insignia AFL

Opel Insignia HAL

Opel Astra 3317

Opel Astra Delta AFS

Opel Astra Delta HAL

Opel Astra 3300

VW Golf A6 HAL

VW Golf A6 AFS

Renault Clio

Lancia Ypsilon

74

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

Lancia Musa

Renault Twingo

Headlamps and Tail Lamps for Limited-Series Cars

Lamborghini Murcielago

Lamborghini Murcielago

Lamborghini Gallardo

Ferrari Enzo

Mercedes G

Artega

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

75

Fog Lamps

VW Sharan

VW Passat

VW Polo

VW T5

VW Touareg

VW Scirocco

VW Golf

76

VW Golf GTI

VW Tiguan

VW Jetta

VW Eos

VW Passat

VW Golf

VW Golf Plus

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

VW Touran

Audi A4

Audi A6

BMW 3

BMW X1

BMW X3

BMW X5

Ford Galaxy

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

77

78

Ford Mondeo

Ford S Max

Seat Altea

Seat Exeo

Seat Ibiza

Seat Leon

Seat Toledo

Citroën C5

Citroën C4 Picasso

Toyota Verso

Toyota Sienna

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

Acknowledgements

drafting of the summary of nine consecutive dacades, we

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

79

Sources Glas Saturnusa: Ljubljana: published by the author, 1988.

GEDL, G.: (2009) 21, p.46.

LAJOVIC, D.:

GRBEC, B.:

In Finance

Ljubljana:

1921 – 1971 50 - letnica tovarne Saturnus. 1st edition.natis.

Ljubljana : published by the author Ljubljana.

HUMAR, P.: Svetla prihodnost?

1921 – 1981 60 let razvoja 30 let samoupravljanja tovarne Saturnus. 1st edition. Ljubljana : published by the author Ljubljana

KENDA, A.: Od 2011 na avtomobilih v EU obvezne In Finance (26 Sept. 2008) 186, p.6.

35 let tovarne Saturnus. 1956. 1st edition. Ljubljana : published by the author Ljubljana.

industriji.

st

edition. Ljubljana :

published by the author Ljubljana.

v Evropi. In Finance (9. Apr. 2009) 69, p.18.

1921 – 1986 Obdobje uspeha Saturnus. 1st edition. LjubljaIn Finance (10 Dec. 2009) 240, p.16.

1st edition.

Ljubljana : published by the author Ljubljana.

(18 Apr. 1997) 30, p.2.

PAVLIN, B.: Delo (22 Jul. 2008) 168, p.8.

1st edition. Ljubljana : published by the author Ljubljana.

In Gospodarski

1st edition. Ljubljana : published by the author Ljubljana.

1st edition. Ljubljana : published by

1997) 8, p.19.

the author Ljubljana.

TKALEC, R.: In Finance (7 July 2009) 128, p.22.

80

90th Anniversary of Saturnus

Arhiv Slovenije, AS 76, 164 LJU 88, Rg II 0004

Hella Saturnus Slovenija, d. o. o.

Letališka cesta 17 1001 Ljubljana Slovenia www.saturnus-90let.si