Theories 3 week1 introduction

“

Lecture 1: Introduction Theories of Architecture [ 3 ] FA 400 .4.5 . Fall 2014 Faculty of Fine Arts . Department of Architecture Alexandria University A.Prof Dr .Ebtissam M.Farid Moustapha Associate professor

Introduces the student to the following :

1. Structure Systems  Basic structure of things.  Understanding of essential structural principles and behavior by a descriptive and largely nonmathematical approach.  Raise architects’ perception of structure as an integral element of architecture rather than as just an applied technology.  How structure might assist to add aesthetic and functional to enrich the value of the design work.

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Introduces the student to the following :

2. Introduction to Interior  an over view of the principles and elements

of

Interior

Design.

The

student will come to recognize the basic skills

used

by

Interior

Design

professionals as well as the creation of an artistic point of view on the part of the student.

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Lecture 1 . Introduction

In Dictionary : a skeleton is a rigid framework that provides protection and structure in many types of animals , humans , insects ‌‌ etc Lecture 1 . Introduction

           

Human and animal skeletons Birds' wings fish flowers Honeycombs Leaves Plants Rock caves Shellfish Snails Snowflakes Spiders' webs

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Here are some examples of man-made objects, all of which have a structure in one or more forms:   

Aeroplanes Bicycles Bridges

 Buildings                     

Cars Clothes Cranes Dams Engines Fabrics Fastenings Furniture Musical instruments Packaging Pottery Roads Sculpture (3-D art) Ships and ~achts Sports gear Technical instruments Tents Tools Toys Tunnels Wheels

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Lecture 1 . Introduction

The basic function of a structure is to transmit loads from the position of application of the load to the point of support and thus to the foundations in the ground.

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Lecture 1 . Introduction

All structures develop internal forces which as the result of external applied loads and the weight of the structure itself

Lecture 1 . Introduction

a. A compression ; force cause a member to be squeezed b. A tension ; force cause a member to be stretched c. A bending ; force is a complex force state associated with bowing d. A Shear ; force cause a member to slide or tilt

e. A torsion ; force will cause a member to be twisted Lecture 1 . Introduction

Dead load : The self load of the object or part due to its mass

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Imposed Load : The user load which is removable and thus is a ‘Live’ load

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Thermal load : The load induced by temperature change causing expansion or contraction of the object

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Dynamic Load : A cyclical load caused by varying external conditions to vibrate or oscillate

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Structures must always be designed for the worst anticipated combination of loading otherwise unserviceability or failure can result

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Causes movements and distress in building structure

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Lecture 1 . Introduction

A bold building for its time, embodying the technological spirit of the Industrial Age and heralding a future of steel and glass buildings.

Joseph Paxton’s Crystal Palace,1850

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Gustave Eiffel’s Tower in Paris manifested the soaring heights that new buildings could reach.

Artist Protests : "We, writers, painters, sculptors, architects and passionate devotees of the hitherto untouched beauty of Paris, protest with all our strength, with all our indignation in the name of slighted French taste, against the erection…of this useless and monstrous Eiffel Tower … To bring our arguments home, imagine for a moment a giddy, ridiculous tower dominating Paris like a gigantic black smokestack, crushing under its barbaric bulk Notre Dame, the Tour Saint-Jacques, the Louvre, the Dome of les Invalides, the Arc de Triomphe, all of our humiliated monuments will disappear in this ghastly dream. And for twenty years … we shall see stretching like a blot of ink the hateful shadow of the hateful column of bolted sheet metal“ published in le temps

Lecture 1 . Introduction

It then took another 100 years for the glass and steel buildings to become ubiquitous worldwide, with gleaming skyscrapers part of every metropolis’ skyline.

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Frank Gehry’s Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao The Information Age, just like the Industrial Age before, is challenging not only how we design buildings, but also how we manufacture and construct them.

Lecture 1 . Introduction

1

Serve the Architectural concept

Walt Disney Concert Hall Lecture 1 . Introduction

Frank O. Gehry & Partners

2

Carry Long Spans

Dubai Mile-Long Arch Bridge

Fwfowle

FWFOWLE drew its inspiration from the city’s rivers & near-by sand dunes. The result is an elegant arched bridge that as built will be worlds largest & tallest spanning (arch bridge).

Lecture 1 . Introduction

3

New types of buildings with big spans

The Crystal Palace , London - 1887

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Joseph Paxton

3

New types of buildings with big spans

Millennium Dome , exhibition space – London Lecture 1 . Introduction

Richard Rogers

4

Tall Structures

Burj Dubai - UAE

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Skidmore, Owings and Merrill [SOM]

The Designer

The Design process

Who conceives a structural part or a structural system which functions satisfactorily, is integrated successfully within the overall design and is appropriate for its purpose in terms of material and form.

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Optimum design

Influences on the designer

The Designer

The Design process

The brief sets the basic framework for the designer providing the lead-in for the first analysis of the problem which then develops into an iterative process, with ideas being tested, modified, rejected, until an appropriate solution to the problem is reached.

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Optimum design

Influences on the designer

The Designer

The Design process

Optimum design

Influences on the designer

To obtain the maximum benefit with the minimum use of material within the constraints of strength, stiffness and stability.

The result will be EFFICIENCY combined ideally with ELEGANCE & ECONOMY. Lecture 1 . Introduction

The Designer

The Design process

Optimum design

Influences on the designer

Precedent - what's gone on Awareness - what's going on Practicality - how to do it

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Olympic stadium in Munich 1972 Translated this geometry into revolutionary tensile roof structures

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Following the civil engineering tradition of Nervi, Candela and others , Calatrava’s main works are structures that combine construction with distinct architectonic forms His focus is on the elegant and impressive balancing of masses and forces

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Lecture 1 . Introduction

Aware if the value of using scale models to explore the behaviors or structures Form of surfaces that could be easily described mathematically – sphere , conoids and hyperbolic paraboloids – to enable the forces and stresses within to be more easily calculated

Lecture 1 . Introduction

PTW Architects, CSCEG Design and Arup

Lecture 1 . Introduction

2008

“

Thank you for your attention

Theories of Architecture [ 3 ] FA 400 .4.5 . Fall 2014 Faculty of Fine Arts . Department of Architecture Alexandria University A.Prof Dr .Ebtissam M.Farid Moustapha Associate professor