The Case For Cage-Free

r o F e s a The C e e r F e g Ca a ls a n d im n A lp e H n a e - Fre e C H o w G o in g C a g s in e s s u B r u o Y t s o o B J a n u a ry 2 0 2 0

What you do makes a difference.

And you have to decide what difference you want to make.

Jane Goodall DBE Renowned primatologist and anthropologist

Image: We Animals / EAST

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Who Are We?

The Environment & Animal Society of Taiwan (EAST) EAST is Taiwan’s leading animal protection nonprofit.

Established in 1999, we have successfully advocated for ground breaking changes for animals including the introduction of the Animal Protection Act and key regulations governing humane farming, transport, and slaughter.

We are committed to finding synergies with stakeholders to uplift the welfare of animals in Taiwan.

The Cage Free Alliance Through engaging on policy, guiding farmers, and collaborating with companies, EAST has long worked to create a more humane future for animals in Taiwan.

In 2017 we took this to the next level with the establishment of the Cage Free Alliance. The Alliance plays a critical role in assisting farmers transitioning to barn and free range systems, ensuring better animal welfare and food safety outcomes. The Alliance provides farms with technical advice and strict auditing mechanisms and connects them to suitable distribution channels. Like EAST, the Cage Free Alliance is a non-profit entity and does not accept payment for its work.

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Happy Hens Lay Healthy Eggs Countless studies have shown that industrial farming has negative consequences for farm animal health.

health and the importance of farm animal welfare and husbandry management in ensuring food safety.1

Intensively-farmed animals are routinely dosed with antibiotics to avoid the spread of disease, making industrial agriculture the biggest user of antibiotics worldwide.

In addition to the threat of antibiotic residues and associated food safety risks, growing antibiotic resistance also threatens humanity’s ability to control zoonotic diseases that spread from animals to humans.

Acknowledgement of animal welfare has burgeoned over the last three decades. In 2012, the European Union ban on battery cages for laying hens came into effect, influencing a global shift within the food industry to improve animal and human health.

The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) has long advocated the concept of One Health, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of human and animal

Human health and animal health are interdependent and bound to the health of the ecosystems in which they exist — World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)

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What are Ba Taiwan produces 7.7 billion eggs per year. Less than one in a million of these are tested to ensure they are safe for human consumption.

And if you search for “Taiwan Egg Scandal” on Google you will be inundated with results—fipronil, nicarbazin, sulfonamide, maduramicin, lasalocid, florfenicol—the list goes on and on. Contamination of eggs with toxic residues has become a regular occurrence.

At present, more than 90% of Taiwan’s 37 million laying hens are raised in tiny, barren battery cages. Three to four birds are crammed into cages around the size of an A4 sheet of paper—so small that hens are unable to stretch their wings.

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When hens are confined to cages, they are deprived of the ability to engage in their most basic natural behaviors, such as nesting privately, preening their feathers, perching, and dust bathing. When their laying rates fall, such hens are frequently

attery Cages?

Cage systems are associated with a host of respiratory, digestive, immune, and skeletal diseases. Because of this, antibiotics are regularly added to feed on cage farms to prevent disease from erupting in the cramped, sickly environments.

When eggs are laid on farms like this, it is little wonder egg-related food safety scandals have become par for course in Taiwan and a major risk to food company reputations.

Food safety cannot depend solely on end-stage testing. Upholding strong animal welfare standards is essential for any company seeking to maintain a healthy, safe food supply chain.

Image: We Animals / EAST

deprived of food for up to two weeks, shocking their bodies to increase egg production.

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= s n e H y h t l a Unhe s g g E y h t l a e h n U Less than one in a million eggs are tested to ensure they are safe for human consumption in Taiwan. And of those tested, a startling number fail to meet government food safety regulations.

Drawing on the proportion of failed tests, as many as 140 to 210 million contaminated eggs make it onto the market each year, threatening consumer health and company reputations.

Until we acknowledge the crucial link between animal and human health, a secure supply chain will always be one step away.

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Egg Testing Rate

Year

No. of batches tested

Estimated no. of eggs tested

Annual egg production in Taiwan

Rate of testing

2015

625

5,000

6.9B

0.000072%

2016

547

4,376

7.3B

0.000060%

2017

2,697

21,576

7.5B

0.000288%

2018

495

3,960

7.7B

0.000051%

Note: It is assumed that each 400g batch contains eight eggs, based on the average weight of eggs in Taiwan.

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Cage-Free: A Better Choice Intro Introduction to egg production systems

Free Range

Hens are free to roam inside a barn or outside on the range

Barn

Hens are free to move in ventilated, temperature controlled barns

Enriched Cages

Hens are confined to metal cages just 40-45cm high, with just enough room for hens to stand

Battery Cages

Hens are crammed into tiny cages, completely unable to engage in natural behaviors

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Space

Nesting Perching Foraging

Are hens given sufficient space?

Are hens able to satisfy their fundamental need to nest?

Are hens able to satisfy their fundamental need to perch?

Are hens able to satisfy their fundamental need to forage and dust bathe?

Only 750 cm² of space per bird2

No nesting box; only plastic curtains

Only a single horizontal bar

Hens unable to dust bathe3

Barn Image: We Animals / EAST

Free Range

Enriched Cages

Battery Cages

Scan to learn more about egg production systems!

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The Perfect Perch Hens need a good night’s sleep, just like you and I. Hens have a strong desire to roost on elevated perches at night as it gives them a sense of security. Perching can strengthen leg bones and reduce the incidence of weak bones and fractures.4 Motivational behaviour studies have concluded that hens are highly motivated to perch, and will push through a progressively heavily weighted door to gain access to a suitable place to perch.5

Cluck Cluck!

Wild at Heart Wild domestic fowl spend more half of their active time scratching, exploring, and foraging for food.6 On free range and barn farms hens will make use of loose, dry litter to engage in these instinctive behaviors.

Studies have shown that hens prefer to forage for feed on the ground, even when an identical food is readily available from a feeder.

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Clean-Loving Critters Hens love to shower! In a natural environment, hens will regularly scrape out small craters, sprinkle dust through their feathers and dislodge parasites and excess oil. Dust bathing is vital to maintaining healthy skin and feather conditions and is an integral part of hens’ natural behavioural repertoire. It is common to see hens with their legs in the air enjoying a bath in the dust, not dissimilar to a cat grooming their coat!

Im age : Th

Learn more about the hens who lay your eggs

e Daily

Dish

Nothing Like a Nest Egg laying is an extremely energy intensive process. Hens will seek out a remote, private nesting location to protect their next of kin up to 90 minutes before laying7 . Hens maintain this instinct regardless of their environment or whether the egg is fertilized, and will even go without food and water to do so.8 When hens are unable to carry out this behavior, they experience acute anxiety and distress.

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Switzerland

Banned battery cages from 1992

European Union

Banned battery cages from 2012

HOT! The New Global Standard In 2019, the EU for the first time mandated that imported eggs must come from farms that adhere to EU animal welfare standards to receive duty-free treatment under the provisional terms of the European Union-Mercosur free trade agreement.9

Countries Around The World Are Saying ‘No’ to Battery Cages From Switzerland to Bhutan, battery cages are on the way out Since the European Union’s ban on conventional battery cages came into force on January 1, 2012, countries and regions around the world have rushed to introduce laws prohibiting the use of conventional battery cages.

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In addition to outlawing conventional battery cages, the European Union’s world-leading regulations also require that production systems are clearly labelled on egg packaging, ensuring consumers can choose eggs in accordance with their ethics.

New Zealand & Bhutan Phasing out battery cages from 2012

Canada

Phasing out battery cages from 2017

India

In 2018, the Delhi High Court declared that conventional battery cages provide inadequate space for laying hens The court ruled that the government must draft new legislation to respond to the ruling

State of the Union US states have scrambled to ban battery cages since Michigan first outlawed battery cages in 2009. Battery cages have now been banned in more than seven states including the nation’s biggest egg market, California.

The entire West Coast of the United States has banned the production and sale of eggs from any type of cage system, and now boasts the strongest protections for laying hens of any region in the world!10

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Council of Agriculture:

When it comes to ‘friendly eggs’ there’s no turning back!

In 2018, the Legislative Yuan’s Sustainability Committee convened a public hearing titled ‘Trends and Challenges in the Global Cage-Free Movement’. At the hearing the Council of Agriculture declared “There is no turning back the egg industry’s transition to ‘friendly egg production’.”11

Taiwan is on the front foot!

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Image: Jon Flobrant

Since the Council of Agriculture enacted the Definitions and Guidelines for Friendly Egg Production Systems (DGFEPS) in 2015, egg producers in Taiwan have flocked to cage-free farming systems. Cage-free egg production has soared, signalling an irreversible shift in the Taiwanese egg industry landscape.

2015

In 2015, the Council of Agriculture enacted the DGFEPS, setting a policy framework for ‘friendly egg production systems.’

2016

In 2016, the Act Governing Food Safety and Sanitation was revised to require eggs produced in ‘friendly egg production systems’ display free range, barn, or enriched cage labels on their packaging.12

2016

Get to know the DGFEPS!

In 2016 the Council of Agriculture instituted low-interest loans for ‘friendly egg production systems’ to encourage investment in alternative production systems.

Farmers may apply for grants of up to NT$30 million with an interest rate of just 1.5%.13 The loans are not available to farms that do not meet the criteria laid out in the DGFEPS.

Did you know?

There is already more than enough land allocated to egg production in Taiwan to accommodate a full transition to cage-free farming!

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Business for Good The Open Wing Alliance (OWA) and its more than 70 member organizations have helped more than 300 manufacturers, retailers, and food service companies introduce timebound policies to source 100% cage-free eggs.

The world’s largest food companies including Nestlé, PepsiCo, and Kraft-Heinz have all committed to sourcing 100% cage-free eggs, with leading brands across every sector joining the trend.

The United States Department of Agriculture estimates that once corporate cage-free pledges are fully implemented, 72% of eggs produced in the US will come from cage-free systems (excluding organic eggs).14

corporate commitments and counting16

Leverage Your Purchasing Power When McDonald’s announced its commitment to going cage-free in the US and Canada the supply of cage-free eggs required did not yet exist. Several years on, McDonald’s is sourcing more than 700 million cagefree eggs per year in the US and the price difference between cage and cage-free eggs has halved.15

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This demonstrates the importance of companies announcing a public commitment demonstrating their intent—providing suppliers with the certainty needed to invest in new systems and increase supply, and lowering costs in the process. Regrettably, McDonald’s has yet to commit to using cagefree eggs in Taiwan.

Join the Global Cage-Free Movement!

Global Commitments

*俄羅斯與烏克蘭除外

Regional Commitments

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Taiwanese Companies Are Joining the Fight Forward-thinking food companies in Taiwan are responding to growing awareness of animal welfare issues.

Leading names including THEFREEN BURGER, Cottonfield Organics, and the Namchow Group—parent of Dian Shui Lou, Paulaner Bräuhaus, and Duroyal Cafe— already source 100% cage-free eggs in Taiwan, while others such as city’super have set timelines to stop sourcing eggs from caged hens.

By shifting to cage-free eggs, these forward thinking companies are boosting the value of their brands and ensuring they are prepared to meet the needs of future consumers.

Carrefour Taiwan: Asia’s First Cage-Free Retailer In May 2018, Carrefour Taiwan became the first retailer in Asia to release a cagefree commitment, setting a goal of selling exclusively cage-free eggs from 2025.

Since then Carrefour has debuted Taiwan’s first cage-free tea eggs, established distinctive cage-free zones in all stores nationwide, and debuted Asia’s first line of cage-free private label eggs.

Cage-free eggs now account for more than 17% of Carrefour’s total egg sales and more than half of all sales in some locations, highlighting the power of consumer education to shape consumption habits.

Companies embracing the cage-free trend Don’t be left behind!

city'super

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THEFREEN BURGER

Cottonfield Organics

Café Muji

Matcha Prince Shu Shin Bou

And Taiwan is Not Alone...

Japan

In January 2018, industry publication Japan Poultry Research predicted a shift towards cage-free systems in Japan’s egg industry. According to a recent survey of more than 270 retail locations, the proportion of retail outlets selling cage-free eggs more than doubled between 2015 and 201917

Korea

In July 2018, McDonald’s Korea announced that it will source only cage-free eggs by 2025, in line with other McDonald’s markets18

Thailand

In its 2017 Sustainability Report, Charoen Pokphand Foods (CP Foods), one of the world’s largest agribusiness companies, committed to going 100% cage-free on all company-owned farms in Thailand19

Singapore

Since 2017, a spate of Singaporean hospitality groups have joined the cage-free movement, with the Lo & Behold Group, The Privé Group, SaladStop!, the Grand Hyatt, and Andaz Singapore all committing to go cagefree before 202520

Indonesia

In 2018, Southeast Asia’s first technical workshop on cage-free egg production was held in Surabaya, Indonesia, and attended by some of the world’s biggest food companies, academics, and nearly 100 producers from across Southeast Asia21

In October 2019, Subway, the world’s largest restaurant chain by number of locations, announced that it would source 100% cage-free eggs across seven Asian markets including Taiwan by 2025. The updated policy applies to more than 2,400 restaurants22

Images (from top): Liam Burnett-Blue (Unsplash), Myskers (Flickr), Gareth Harrison (Unsplash), Andaz Singapore, Niko Lienta (Unsplash)

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Cage-Free Eggs: A Cracking Opportunity For animals and your business After announcing its cage-free commitment, sales of America’s biggest mayonnaise brand, Hellman’s, surged 7%—even as global sales of mayonnaise fell 9%. Hellman’s attributed the boost to its use of cage-free eggs, which it promoted heavily on product packaging23 .

7%

When McDonald’s USA announced it would go cage-free in 2015 as part of its turnaround strategy the iconic restaurant chain saw sales spike 5.7%, reversing seven straight quarters of declining sales. McDonald’s has continued to reap the rewards, with ongoing positive media attention as it reports on progress towards its goal.

A study of Taiwanese consumers published in 2018 found that consumers are willing to pay NT$14.43 per egg for cage-free eggs24 , far greater than current average egg prices25 . The National Chung Hsing University study by Associate Professor Yu-Chen Yang revealed that many consumers associate animal welfare with food safety, in line with the One Health ethos.

Studies show that Taiwanese consumers are willing to

pay more for improved food safety and animal welfare!

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Image: We Animals / EAST

Taiwanese Consumers are Ready for Cage-Free Eggs “… the Livestock Research Institute’s Li Jiarong unveiled a new consumer survey probing respondents’ understanding of basic animal welfare concepts such as the ability to extend limbs and freedom from thirst and hunger. The results were obtained from 360 valid responses across northern, southern, and central Taiwan.

The survey revealed that 95% of respondents who consumer eggs will accept a price increase of 5% or more for humanelyproduced eggs, while 17% will accept a twofold increase in price, equivalent to NT$100 per kilo.

Taiwanese consumers showed similar levels of acceptance to those in wealthier nations such as Switzerland and the Netherlands, Li noted, based on data from the 2016 Attitudes of EU citizens towards Animal Welfare survey.

I’ll pay more!

Li said the analysis showed that humanelyproduced eggs have market potential in Taiwan, and that there is more room for investment from large-scale businesses and retailers in this area. Increased consumer awareness of humane production systems and the benefits they bring to both animals and people would enable consumer support to grow even further, she predicted.”

Source: Guo Xiuzhen, 90% of consumers willing to pay more to support animal welfare, United Daily News, October 5, 2019.26

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Consumers Have The Right to Know As a multi-channel retailer, Carrefour has a profound responsibility to provide customers with safe food products. Since the launch of our Food Transition campaign in 2008, we have used our relationship with customers and our purchasing power to educate consumers and provide better food choices.

After learning that egg production systems are crucial to ensuring the safety of food products, we made the decision to partner with the Environment & Animal Society of Taiwan to create lasting change in the egg industry.

Central to this partnership is our commitment to go 100% cage-free by 2025, announced in May 2018. Since then we have established distinctive cage-free zones in all Carrefour stores nationwide, organized consumer education events, and worked directly with cage-free farmers to create supply. In late 2019 we were proud to launch our first ever line of cage-free private label eggs, simultaneously supporting cage-free producers and enabling our customers to shop with ease.

We need each and every person to create a more sustainable world—I urge you to join Carrefour Taiwan in taking action.

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Marilyn Su

CSR & Communications Director at Carrefour Taiwan

In November 2019 Carrefour Taiwan debuted its cage-free private label line, fulfilling the second plank of its four step cage-free commitment.

Upon opening the carton, customers are greeted with a heartfelt message from a hen named Fei Fei:

I am Fei Fei. Thank you for allowing me to fly again!

There are 37 million laying hens like me in Taiwan, with the vast majority still trapped in tiny cages the size of an A4 sheet of paper. Living in battery cages we will never feel the ground beneath our feet, or extend our wings to preen our feathers. Instead, we have been put in cramped cages where we cannot engage in any of our natural behaviors, and are destined to live a life of fear and distress.

As you purchase this box of barn-laid eggs you are not only opening up my cage, but also happiness and health for you and your loved ones. Thank you! *Original message in Chinese

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Unleash Your Brand Mitigate your food safety risk “Companies need to understand what innovative and disruptive solutions ... can help identify and manage food safety supply chain risk.”

— Thomas McGinnis, Deloitte Risk and Financial Advisory partner Deloitte & Touche LLP27 By implementing changes at the source—rather than relying solely on postproduction testing—you can effectively reduce the risk of food safety issues arising in your supply chain.

Higher animal welfare standards, sustainable practices, and a genuine concern for consumer health are your best insurance when it comes to mitigating food safety risk in your supply chain.

Lift your brand image and customer loyalty “CSR has evolved from simply doing good deeds to integrating with core business competencies, and becoming the second driver of company growth.”

— CSR@CommonWealth Magazine28 CSR initiatives can greatly enhance a company’s brand image and help you to build trust with customers. A 2017 Taiwanese study found that CSR associations had positive effects on consumer attitudes towards a company, and increased the likelihood of return patronage and purchase.

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d Potential Stay abreast of consumer expectations “We believe that it is becoming important to our customers for us to serve more humanely-sourced eggs.”

— Jesus Delgado-Jenkins, executive vice president and chief merchandising officer for 7‑Eleven29 Consumer preferences can change quickly—faster than supply chains can keep up. That is why it is crucial that companies anticipate and respond to incoming consumer trends.

Describing the cage-free shift, Michelle Edkins, managing director at BlackRock, warned “With consumer tastes changing quickly, companies may be best served by pre-empting or anticipating changing sentiment rather than waiting to be hurt by the shifting tide.”30

Cage-Free Eggs: Your Brand’s Missing Ingredient 26

Your Trusted Partner Since we first began advocating for laying hen welfare in 2008, we have secured countless legislative and policy advances for laying hens and worked tirelessly to support egg farmers transitioning to cagefree production. In 2017 we took this a step further, establishing the Cage Free Alliance to enhance our collaboration with food companies and producers.

We have a comprehensive understanding of the egg industry in Taiwan and are willing to help you identify cage-free egg suppliers that meet your supply chain needs.

“Nestlé works with World Animal Protection, a global animal welfare organization, and SGS to assess its suppliers against these commitments.” 31

“We also continue engaging with our partners at The Humane Society of the United States and Humane Society International to better understand the issue and others like it.” 32

As a not-for-profit, we remain fiercely independent and do not charge egg producers or food companies for our work.

Join us for the journey!

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Image: We Animals / EAST

The Cage Free Alliance:

We’re Here to Help EAST established the Cage Free Alliance as a continuation of its work to improve the welfare of farm animals. The Alliance aims to increase consumer awareness of higher welfare products, promote animal welfare, and ensure better products for consumers.

Farms in the Cage Free Alliance must abide by the rigorous Welfare Standards for Laying Hens. This comprehensive set of animal welfare standards is based on world-leading RSPCA Assured and EU guidelines, and has been refined in consultation with domestic academics and cage-free farmers.

The Cage Free Alliance certification mark

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Image: We Animals / EAST

Benefits of the Cage Free Alliance Higher standards The Cage Free Alliance enforces comprehensive animal welfare standards for all member farms.

The standards are based on internationallyrecognized RSPCA guidelines and close consultation with academics and egg farmers.

Rigorous enforcement The Cage Free Alliance’s professional auditors conduct annual and unscheduled audits of member farms to ensure compliance with the standards. All farms must pass a membership audit before they can use the certification mark, protecting the integrity of your supply chain.

Professional oversight The Cage Free Alliance’s experienced advisory team composed of leading animal science scholars provides guidance to members to ensure continuous on-farm improvement.

Sustainability in action The Cage Free Alliance combines food safety, animal welfare, and sustainability principles to help you deliver on your CSR goals.

Fair and independent The Cage Free Alliance is a non-profit initiative and doesn’t charge farms for auditing or technical advice. As a third-party entity, it can be trusted to conduct fair, reliable audits that are trusted by consumers.

Visit the official CFA website (Chinese)

Download the Welfare Standards for Laying Hens

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Change

But we’re

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is coming.

here for you.

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Sources

1 World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). (2020). One Health“ at a glance”.Retrieved from: https://www.oie.int/en/for-the-media/onehealth/

2 行政院農業委員會農. (2015). 雞蛋友善生產系統定義及指南. Retrieved from: https://law.coa. gov.tw/glrsnewsout/LawContent.aspx?id=GL000691 3 Platz S, Heyn E, Hergt F, Weigl B, and Erhard M（. 2009）. Comparative study on the behaviour, health and productivity of laying hens in a furnished cage and an aviary system. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 122，7/8:235-40.

4 Hughes BO, Wilson S, Appleby MC, & Smith SF. (1993). Comparison of bone volume and strength as measures of skeletal integrity in caged laying hens with access to perches. Research in Veterinary Science 54(2):202-206. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/8460260

5 Olsson IAS & Keeling LJ. (2002). The push-door for measuring motivation in hens: laying hens are motivated to perch at night. Animal Welfare 11(1):11-9. Retrieved from: https://www. researchgate.net/publication/216131996_The_push-door_for_measuring_motivation_in_Hens_ Laying_hens_are_motivated_to_perch_at_night 6 Savory CJ, Wood-Gush DGM, & Duncan IJH. (1978). Feeding behaviour in a population of domestic fowls in the wild. Applied Animal Ethology 4:13-27. Retrieved from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304376278900901

7 Duncan IJH, Savory CJ, & Wood-Gush DGM. (1978). Observations on the reproductive behaviour of domestic fowl in the wild. Applied Animal Ethology 4:29-42.

8

Duncan IJH. (1998). Behavior and behavioral needs. Poultry Science 77(12):1766-72.

9 Busby, Mattha. (2019, October 2). EU imposes hen welfare standards on egg imports for first time. The Guardian. Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/ oct/02/euimposes-hen-welfare-standards-on-egg-imports-for-first-time

10 Block, Kitty. (2019). Breaking news: Oregon governor signs law ending cage confinement for egg-laying hens. A Humane World. Retrieved from: https://blog.humanesociety.org/2019/08/ breaking-news-oregon-governor-signs-law-ending-cage-confinement-for-egg-laying-hens.html 11 陳俊華. (2018, May 15). 推動蛋雞友善飼養 農委會：是條不歸路. 中央社. Retrieved from: https://www.cna.com.tw/news/ahel/201805150250.aspx

12 衛生福利部. (2019). 食品安全衛生管理法. Retrieved from: https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/ LawAll.aspx?PCode=L0040001 13 行政院農業委員會. (2019). 辦理政策性農業專案貸款辦法. Retrieved from: https://law.moj. gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=M0070066

14 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). (2017). Egg Markets Overview – August 4, 2017. Re-trieved from: https://givewell.app.box.com/s/s0u73yvn422grut6p3u21bs99wxsx7dx 15 Patton, Leslie. (2019, April 11). U.S. Egg Market Cracks After McDonald’s Pledges Cage-Free McMuffins. Bloomberg. Retrieved from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-11/mcdonald-s-quest-for-sustainable-eggs-erodes-cage-free-s-premium

16 18 ChickenWatch. (2020). CAGE-FREE PROGRESS TRACKER. Retrieved from: https://chickenwatch.org/progress-tracker?filterK=Cage-free

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17 19 Animal Rights Center Japan (ARCJ). (2019). SUPERMARKET SURVEY: ANIMAL WELFARE. Retrieved from: https://arcj.org/en/investigation-en/supermarket-animal-welfare-2019/ 18 Park, Jae-hyuk. (2018, July 25).‘ Chicken rights activists’cause trouble for McDonald’s, Woowa Bros. Re-trieved from: https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/tech/2018/07/694_252743. html

19 CP Foods. (2017). Annual Report 2017. (8) CSR towards Sustainability Page 2. Retrieved from: https://www.cpfworldwide.com/storage/annual_review/pdf_enCPF_Annual_Report_2017_ ENG_Report_1549600056.pdf 20 Humane Society International (HSI). (2018, December 20). 2018 brings us closer to a cage-free future globally. Retrieved from: https://www.hsi.org/news-media/2018-farm-successes-122018/

21 Humane Society International (HSI). (2018, October 8). Southeast Asia’s first workshop on cage-free egg production attracts dozens of farmers from the region. Retrieved from: https:// www.hsi.org/news-media/se-asia-cage-free-egg-workshop-100818/ 22 Subway. (2020). Our Plan - Policies. Retrieved from: https://www.subway.com/en-US/ AboutUs/SocialResponsibility/OurOverallCommitment

23 Purdy, Chase. (2016, January 21). Unilever’s answer to the global mayonnaise malaise: A squeeze bottle. QUARTZ. Retrieved from: https://qz.com/597842/unilevers-answer-to-the-globalmayonnaise-malaise-a-squeeze-bottle/

24 Yang, Yu-Chen. (2018). Factors affecting consumers’willingness to pay for animal welfare eggs in Taiwan. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review. 21(6):741-754. Retrieved from: https://www.wageningenacademic.com/doi/abs/10.22434/IFAMR2017.0072 25 財團法人中央畜產會. (2019). 畜禽產品物價統計月報 - 民國108 年5月. Retrieved from: https://www.naif.org.tw/downloadCount.aspx?tb=foreword&id=15190&fName=/upload/46/20170810_084210.52527.pdf

26 郭琇真. (2019, October 5). 挺動物福利 9成民眾願多付點. 願景工程 - 聯合報. Retrieved from: https://vision.udn.com/vision/story/120745/4086725

27 Deloitte. (2017). From Farm to Fork: Addressing Food Safety Risks Along the Supply Chain.

The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from: https://deloitte.wsj.com/cfo/2017/10/06/from-farm-tofork-addressing-food-safety-risks-along-the-supply-chain/ 28

CSR@天下. (2018). 關於我們. Retrieved from: https://csr.cw.com.tw/about

29 7-Eleven Corporate. (2016). 7-Eleven Sets Goal for 100% Cage-Free Eggs By 2025. Retrieved from: https://corp.7-eleven.com/corp-press-releases/05-03-2016-7-eleven-sets-goal-for100-cagefree-eggs-by-2025

30 Baertlein, Lisa. (2015, September 24). Big food investors to meet on cage-free eggs, humane sourcing. Reuters. Retrieved from: https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-funds-food/bigfood-investors-to-meet-on-cage-free-eggs-humane-sourcing-idUSL1N11T1P120150924 31 Nestlé. (2016). Nestlé Canada commits to using 100% cage-free eggs. Retrieved from: https://www.corporate.nestle.ca/en/media/newsandfeatures/cage-free

32 Restaurant Brands International. (2016). 2016 Sustainability Report. Page 24. Retrieved from: https://www.rbi.com/interactive/newlookandfeel/4591210/2016sustainabilityreport.pdf

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s / EAST

Image: We Animal

iwan imal Society of Ta

ment & An © 2020 Environ

eastfree@east.org.tw 02-2236-9735 #6 02-2365-1701 Suite 3, Level 3, No. 162 Roosevelt Rd Section 4 Zhongzheng District, Taipei 10091 east.org.tw

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