‘Gatekeeper’ training
Cazenovia community to host free suicide prevention event May 6
the Cazenovia Public library will host a free 90-minute suicide prevention gatekeeper training on May 6.
from the non-profit Contact Community Services will lead the training.
By kate hill Staff writer
The Cazenovia Area Volunteer Ambulance Corps (CAVAC) will recognize Mental Health Awareness Month by partnering with the Cazenovia Central School District, Cazenovia Fire Department, and Community Resources for Independent Seniors to bring a free, 90-minute QPR Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Training to the Cazenovia Public Library.
The event will be held on Tuesday, May 6, from 5:30 to 7 p.m. in the Betsy Kennedy Community Room.
According to the Surgeon General’s National Strategy for Suicide Prevention (2001), a gatekeeper is someone in a position to recognize a crisis and the warning signs that someone may be contemplating suicide.
QPR stands for Question, Persuade, Refer, “three simple steps that
anyone can learn to help save a life.”
The training was developed by the QPR Institute, an educational organization with a mission to save lives and reduce suicidal behaviors by providing innovative, practical, and proven suicide prevention training.
“Just as cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the Heimlich maneuver equip individuals to save lives in medical emergencies, QPR teaches participants how to recognize warning signs of suicide and take action to help someone in crisis,” said Kristine Knutson, who will lead the May 6 training.
Knutson is the manager of community programs at Contact Community Services, a Syracuse-area nonprofit dedicated to mental health education, suicide prevention, and crisis support. Its mission is to provide a lifeline for individuals in crisis and foster well-being
Gatekeeper l Page 2
Running for a cause
Local runner, 72, heads to Boston Marathon
In 2024, Fairmount resident Penny Noll accomplished her goal of running a marathon in every state in the country.
Now, she has her sights set on the 129th Boston Marathon, which she will run on April 21, 2025.
Noll, 72, has aspired to participate in the Boston Marathon since she began running in her early fifties.
“[It] has been my dream because it is
one of the oldest marathons,” she said. “It has a beautiful course from Hopkinton to the center of Boston, and each of the 26.2 miles is lined with cheering crowds. The race is a big, exciting celebration and attracts runners from around the world and elite athletes. I have volunteered at the Boston Marathon finish line for the past six years, and it was so inspiring.”
Noll has been accepted as a charity runner for the Michael Lisnow Respite Center in Hopkinton, Massachusetts, which Boston l Page 2
School district seeks community input on budget
District proposes tentative five-year financial plan
By kate hill Staff writer
On March 25, the Cazenovia Central School District (CCSD) held a School Budget Community Dialogue Night in the high school gym to inform the public about the current budgetary landscape, existing challenges, and potential avenues for growth. Attendees also had the opportunity to share their priorities and offer insights on key school programs and initiatives.
“We seek your valuable input to ensure that our resource allocation reflects the community’s highest priorities and maintains the quality of education our students deserve,” the event announcement said. “Your participation will be instrumental in shaping a responsible and sustainable budget for the upcoming school year.”
Superintendent Christopher DiFulvio began the event by highlighting the complexities of the annual budget process and explaining that it requires collaboration between district administrators, the CCSD Board of Education (BOE), and the local
community. The district submits a budget proposal to the BOE for adoption, then the proposed spending plan must be approved by eligible voters in the district.
“New York is one of the only states in the country that does budgeting this way,” DiFulvio said. “Most school budgets in the rest of the country are simply set by the board of education.”
The CCSD BOE anticipates adopting its final budget on April 21 and putting it up for a public vote on May 20.
“As we look at this budget, what we are trying to focus on as an administrative team is sustaining our identity and providing opportunities for children,” said DiFulvio. “We want to provide a high-quality education that is aligned with our district’s mission. We also recognize that we need to maintain financial responsibility and long-term financial stability.”
CCSD’s mission is to nurture, inspire, and empower students to make a positive impact in the world by building healthy relationships in a safe, diverse, and welcoming environment that encourages learning and growth for all.
DiFulvio explained that upholding CCSD’s identity means sustaining the guaranteed curriculum, maintaining high schoollevel advanced courses and Career
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PaGe 2
and Technical Education (CTE) offerings, and preserving extracurriculars at all school levels.
CCSD highlights Assistant Superintendent of Instruction, Equity & Personnel Kevin Linck shared the district’s achievements in two areas of its strategic plan, which aims to enhance the school community through fostering mental wellness, ensuring curriculum alignment, cultivating an inclusive culture, strengthening special education support, and expanding student opportunities for academic and personal growth.
Linck focused specifically on curriculum alignment and special education.
He first presented 2024 English language arts (ELA), math, and high school Regents proficiency data demonstrating that the district’s efforts to establish a vertically aligned curriculum, prioritize grade level standards, and eliminate redundancies have yielded positive results.
“There is a lot to celebrate with this data,” he said. “This shows that we are challenging our students; we are pushing our students. This shows that they are meeting those challenges. This shows that we have very high standards for our students. . . . We also have a high percentage of students who are gaining
advanced Regents diplomas. We have anywhere between 61 and 78 percent getting advanced Regents diplomas based upon [their success] on these Regents exams.”
Linck also reported that for the past 15 years, Cazenovia’s graduation rate has been between 94 and 98 percent.
Students can earn college credits through the high school’s 12 AP classes and 12 concurrent enrollment offerings.
According to Linck, students have left CCSD with as many as two years of college already completed. Last year, 48 percent of students who graduated had taken at least one AP class.
Two graduates had passed nine AP classes, and one student had earned a five, the highest score, on all nine AP exams.
When discussing special education, Linck explained that the district’s goal is to provide the education and support students need in the least restrictive environment — the classroom, ideally — and help the students develop independence by the time they move on from the district.
Linck shared a figure showing that CCSD special education students outperformed students at three comparable schools on eighth-grade ELA, math, and science assessments.
“We see strong academic performance, we see opportunities,
government: Mannion introduces act to protect students with disabilities.
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and [we see] a focus [on] an inclusive environment and an opportunity for all students to be successful,” said Linck.
Next, DiFulvio spoke about the value of the district’s extracurricular programs, including the Cazenovia High School (CHS) InterGroup Dialogue Club, which helped lead the evening’s table discussions; the CHS Academic Decathlon Team, which will compete in this year’s national championship in Iowa; Cazenovia’s championship-winning First LEGO League team; the CHS Drama Club, which recently presented a successful production of “Legally Blonde — The Musical;” Project Café, which helps organize the Fourth of July Parade and other events; and all the athletic teams.
“The more connected students feel [to school], the better they are going to perform in the classroom,” DiFulvio said.
The superintendent also discussed the district’s partnership with the Greater Cazenovia Area Chamber of Commerce and its Caz Life events committee. He explained that the chamber’s brick-and-mortar location is now inside CHS, providing opportunities for students to collaborate with local businesses through internships and help plan and market events.
Budget l Page 5
Submitted photo
Kristine Knutson
Submitted photoS
On april 21, 72-year-old Fairmount resident Penny Noll will run in the 129th Boston Marathon.
By kate hill Staff writer
provides emotional and physical support for individuals with disabilities and their families.
“Many charities have arrangements with the Boston Marathon,” Noll said. “A charity runner has applied to and been chosen to raise donations for the organization. [The] runner pays for the race registration and receives a bib after raising an average of $12,000. Well over 100 people apply for bibs from each charity.”
The Boston Athletic Association, which organizes the Boston Marathon, has a strict qualification system that requires runners to meet specific time standards based on age and gender to qualify to enter the race.
However, a runner can bypass the qualifying standards by running for a charity and raising funds.
Noll has been trying to increase her speed to achieve a qualifying time for over five years. Although she has gotten close, her times have not met the requirements.
“That’s why I was thrilled to be accepted as a Michael Lisnow Respite Center charity runner,” she said. “. . . I am [elated] that finally, after running over 20 years and finishing 62 marathons in all 50 states and two Canadian provinces, I will be following in the footsteps of Olympic
Gatekeeper
athletes and running legends [who have crossed] the iconic Boston Marathon finish line.”
Noll began training and raising funds on Feb.12 when she was accepted by the Michael Lisnow Respite Center.
“I had only 10 weeks to prepare, which is not recommended,” she said. “But training and fundraising are progressing positively thanks to the support of family and friends, a great coach, and an inspiring charity. I am so grateful.”
Noll moved to the
across the communities it serves.
According to Knutson, suicide gatekeeper training is essential for empowering individuals to recognize and respond to signs of distress in those around them.
Such programs equip participants with the skills to identify warning signs of a suicide crisis, intervene effectively, offer hope to someone in distress, and connect individuals to the right resources before a crisis escalates.
“Suicide prevention is not just the responsibility of mental health professionals — anyone can be a lifesaver with the
Town of Camillus in the fall of 2023 after 35 years of living in Cazenovia.
“My neighborhood is great for training,” she said. “I have the hills and the West Genesee High School track. It is also beautiful to run along the Erie Canal trail past the Sims Store Museum or towards Syracuse.”
To learn more about the Boston Marathon, visit baa.org/races/boston-marathon
For more information on the Michael Lisnow Respite Center, visit hopkintonrespite.org.
right training,” said Knutson. “By increasing access to gatekeeper education, we strengthen our communities and ensure that people in crisis are met with compassion, understanding, and action.”
According to the February 2025 Madison County Public Health Data Brief on Suicide, suicide is nearly twice as common in rural areas compared to urban ones.
Madison County, a predominantly rural area, has the fifth highest suicide rate among New York State’s 62 counties, based on data from 2019-2021. NYS has the second lowest suicide rate among the 50 states.
The brief also reports that one in five students in Madison County has seriously
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considered suicide.
“[I] recently lost a friend to suicide, and I have always been interested in helping people stay healthy and engaged to make their lives meaningful and worthwhile,” said CAVAC Crew Coordinator Colleen Majka, who worked with the CAVAC board to bring the training to Cazenovia. “. . . [Suicide] is a real issue, especially in today’s stressful environment and economy. It can affect both young and old and anyone in between. The goal is to gain knowledge and empathize enough to start a conversation, reach out, and hopefully save one human at a time. Each person has the potential to make a difference. We should visualize jumping into someone else’s shoes to see the view and hopefully see a way to steer that individual to someone who can help.”
CAVAC was established in 1974 and is currently based at 106 Nelson St. in Cazenovia. The local ambulance service relies on
a team of volunteers — drivers, crew coordinators, emergency medical technicians, and general members — and paid professional paramedics. A high school student corps also supports its operations. In addition to providing emergency medical services to Cazenovia and surrounding communities, CAVAC offers short-term medical equipment loans and has a NYScertified child/baby car seat installer. Volunteers also offer hands-only CPR and CPR-Basic Life Support training. For more information, visit cavacambulance.org To learn more about QPR, visit qprinstitute.com. Questions about the upcoming gatekeeper training can be directed to Knutson at kknutson@contactsyracuse. org To read the full Madison County Public Health Data Brief on Suicide and view a list of local resources and initiatives, visit madisoncounty.ny.gov/2481/Suicide.
By eleNa SelthuN photo by elena Selthun
Submitted photoS
On april 21, 72-year-old Fairmount resident Penny Noll will run in the 129th Boston Marathon.
toloa J. Perry, 88
CHS art teacher, avid equestrian
Toloa Jane Perry passed away on March 15, 2025. She was born in Providence, RI, on Oct. 9, 1936, and was the daughter of Guy and Pat Schiller of Lyndhurst, Ohio. She received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the College of Wooster, Ohio and her Masters of Education from Syracuse University. While attending Syracuse University she met her husband, James Perry and they were married in 1960. They resided in Cazenovia, New York on Rathbun Road until they built their dream house on Burlingame Road in 2000. They lived in that house until August 2024.
Toloa was a pleasant, multi-talented, and resourceful person. She was an amazing artist of many different types of media, especially watercolor. She was particularly good at animal portraits; you can still find her paintings hanging at various locations in Cazenovia.
Toloa’s many talents included gardening, upholstery, and cooking. She taught art at Cazenovia High School, as well as painting, upholstery, and gave horseback riding lessons.
Toloa was an avid equestrian and had a special love for animals, bringing home stray pets at any given time.
Her husband used to say “if you gave her a hippo she would welcome it into the house.” She took her daughters to Pony Club and spent an enormous amount of time involved with their equestrian pursuits until they went off to college. She was a big part of the foxhunting community in Cazenovia and the Master of Limestone Creek Hunt Club for many years as well as the president and honorary secretary. She was also quite involved with the Cazenovia Gardening Club, Wa -
tercolor Society and the First Presbyterian Church of Cazenovia. She is survived by James Perry; her two daughters, Tanya and Heather Perry. In addition to her parents, Toloa was preceded in death by her brother Brad Schiller. A memorial service will be held in her honor at 11 a.m., Saturday, April 12, 2025 at the First Presbyterian Church of Cazenovia, 27 Albany St., Cazenovia, with a reception to follow beginning at 1 p.m. at the Lincklaen House. A private burial will be at Evergreen Cemetery. In lieu of flowers, donations can be made to the Limestone Creek Hunt Club, P.O. Box 286, Cazenovia, NY 13035, online at limestonecreekhunt.org or through email at limestonecreekhunt@yahoo.co m . Condolences for the Perry family can be left at michaelebrownfuneralservices.com.
Barbara J. elliott, 80 enjoyed reading
Barbara Jean Elliott, of Cazenovia, passed away peacefully with her loving family by her side on March 28, 2025. Barbara was born on Sept. 13, 1944 in Guilford, N.Y., to Bertha and Otis Weeden. She attended Alfred State College and was employed as a medical secretary before meeting her husband, Richard. They were married on Sept. 3, 1966. Barbara enjoyed reading and watching hummingbirds, but her most treasured pastime was taking road trips to visit her grandchildren and great-grandchildren, to be at a sporting event (rain or shine), musical, party of any kind or just because.
as well as her nieces, nephews and their families.
Barbara is survived by her husband, Richard Elliott of Cazenovia; her daughter, Amy (Joseph) Perrone of Fabius, N.Y.; her son, Andrew (Janet) Elliott of Morrisville, N.Y.; six grandchildren: Peighton (Chad) Douty, Cassandra (Aaron) Wintermute, Dominic and Mitchell Perrone, Mackenzie and Wade Elliott; two great-grandchildren: Elliott and Gianna Douty; her sister Sandra (K) Weeden of Goodyear, AZ, her brother Gordon (Debbie) Weeden of Bristol, TN
Calling hours will be held from 12 to 2 p.m., with services to follow on Saturday, April 5, at Michael E. Brown Funeral Services, 2333 Fenner Road in Cazenovia. In lieu of flowers, contributions can be made to CAVAC, 106 Nelson St., Cazenovia, NY 13035 (cavacambulance.org), CazCares, 101 Nelson St., Cazenovia, NY 13035 (cazcares.org) or to the Cazenovia Fire Department, 121 Albany St., Cazenovia, NY 13035. Condolences for the Elliott family may be left at michaelebrownfuneralservices. com.
toloa J. Perry
Barbara J. elliott
OuR vOicE
More than facts and figures
According to the Alzheimer’s Association website, ALZ.org, more than 6.9 million American are living with Alzheimer’s and that number is projected to reach 13million by 2050.
This is a staggering number of people to think about.
There are also some stark facts about the disease and despite years of research, many unknown factors that may contribute to the disease, who does and doesn’t get it, and how the disease will progress.
Currently there is no cure or treatment for Alzheimer’s. Current medications may help address some symptoms of the disease for a period of time but ultimately they do not address the underlying cause of the disease.
There are recommendations that similar activities as those recommended for good heart health, such as exercise and diet as well as staying active mentally as well as physically can help, but beyond this there are no clear cut answers when it comes to Alzheimer’s.
While certain aspects of the pathology are better understood, the root cause remains a mystery.
This condition, especially given its nature, is difficult for the people living with it as well as for those who care for people living with it.
The Alzheimer’s Association strives to shine a light on this condition, offering support for both those living with Alzheimer’s as well as those providing care.
The organization shared a study that reflects some of the statistics about Alzheimer’s. But these are more than numbers, they are people, more than facts and figures who are contending with a difficult situation.
The Alzheimer’s Association 2024 Alzheimer’s disease Facts and Figures report revealed that both dementia caregivers and health care workers report difficulties in navigating dementia care within the U.S. health care system. The report estimates that of the 6.9 million people age 65 and older in the U.S. living with Alzheimer’s dementia, 426,500 are in New York State.
The cost of caring for people living with Alzheimer’s and other dementias is projected to reach $360 billion, a $15 billion increase from a year ago. This does not include unpaid care provided by family caregivers and friends, according to the organization.
Last year in New York, there were 543,000 dementia family caregivers, providing 879 million hours of unpaid care valued at nearly $19 billion.
According to the Alzheimer’s Association, New York State caregivers and those across the country face significant emotional, physical and health-related challenges as aresult of caregiving as well. According to the report dementia caregivers report higher rates of chronic conditions, including stroke, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer compared to other caregivers. In New York, 59% of caregivers reported at least one chronic condition. The prevalence of depression is higher among dementia caregivers when compared to other caregivers. In New York, nearly 25% of caregivers reported depression.
Across the country, 59% of dementia caregivers report high to very high emotional stress due to caregiving and 38% report high to very high physical stress due to caregiving.
“The new Facts and Figures report sheds light on the continued challenges and burdens that many Central New York families are going through as a result of Alzheimer’s and other dementias,” said Jessica DesRosiers, senior director of programs for the Central New York Chapter of the Alzheimer’s Association. “As the number of individuals living with Alzheimer’s continues to grow, ensuring patients, their caregivers and families have a clear understanding of how to navigate dementia care resources is critical to improving health outcomes.”
The Alzheimer’s Association strives to offer support with tips and information about symptoms and what to look for as well as information on how Alzheimer’s can progress.
It also works to provide support for people living with Alzheimer’s as well as caregivers.
To learn more visit alz.org.
POStal PaNDeMONiuM
The current administration in Washington has rolled out what I consider to be draconian changes to the post office.
When I was a child, a phone call was 10 cents but a stamp was three cents, so writing a letter was the preferred, the thrifty way to communicate. This was a time before ball point or felt tipped pens. Way before. At school we used straight pens with removable tips that we dipped into ink wells on our desks. At home, my parents used fountain pens.
Letter writing was part of the curriculum at our school featuring the pragmatic use of the skill which we laboriously practiced every day: Cursive writing a la the Palmer Method.
We learned to craft beautifullywordedformalinvitations for the numerous occasions
which required them, everything from birthday parties to weddings. We learned how to write an equally lovely acceptance note. Just as important were “bread and butter “letters, or short notes thanking someone for extending their hospitality. Of course, for elementary school children, these were more like science fiction than reality since we never received formal invitations to anything. We learned how to properly address an envelope from the postman who handled the mail both to and from our school. He was impressive in his uniform and his series of posters explaining how to address men, women and children under many circumstances. “Mr., Mrs., Miss, Master,” etc. The return address was particularly important and had to be crafted exactly … just in case. There
Peaceful rallies planned
To the editor:
America is headed for a police state. Pretending otherwise is just fantasy or denial. Connect the dots: intimidation and threatening of legislators, judges, the press, wholesale demonizing of non-white-malestraight individuals and groups, continued support of Israeli genocide of Palestinians, and international actions that look everything like Putin’s pulling the puppet strings, and on and on. We are headed for a police state, and here are the next few dots as I see them.
Trumps words and actions are threatening and dictatorial, which is exactly what the core of his base wanted. But there are many who voted for him for other, more hopeful reasons, and they are becoming alarmed.
The number of Trump defectors will increase as the economy becomes worse, as our property taxes rise drastically with Medicaid and Department of Education cuts, and as the Social Security Administration becomes totally dysfunctional. As public unrest and non-violent demonstrations continue to pop up all over the country, there will come a time when someone(s), from the Brownshirt-wannabees that he pardoned, will fabricate violence in one of these rallies. And that will be all the excuse he will need to attempt to invoke some kind of ban that will make it even more dangerous for us mere citizens to exercise our first amendment rights.
I’m not a “radical left socialist,” a “professional troublemaker,” or whatever other infantile insult he may come up with for those who stand up to him. I am a retired white guy on a fixed income trying to keep my head above water. But I will not sit idly by and wring my hands while Trump and his obscenely wealthy cronies try to turn America into their own fiefdom. I once said that my greatest fear with this creeping authoritarianism would be to lose my freedom to speak out. If we the people do not stand up to these guys, now, then we will lose that freedom. If that happens, I don’t intend my greatest regret to be that I didn’t try hard enough to keep it.
On April 5 there will be peaceful rallies in cities and towns all across the country. Find one near you and speak with your feet, before it becomes even more dangerous to do so! Visit handsoff2025.com/abou t JOhN O’Neill Cazenovia
Disappointed
To the editor:
“A nation that is afraid to let its people judge the truth and falsehood in an open market is a nation that is afraid of its people.” - John F. Kennedy
I am disappointed that only one Village of Fayetteville’s elected officials is unafraid of their constituents. Trustee Cleary-Hammarstedt’s proposal to livestream and post recordings of budget workshops received no support from the Mayor or fellow trustees. Her call to improve communication and transparency of the budget process was denounced with sophistry by Trustee Rice
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we were in our blue skirts and white blouses, heads down, carefully, awkwardly writing in our best cursive on envelopes donated by the post office. And although our individual results were not perfect, because we paid attention, we were treated to a field trip to the local post office. Probably one of the most exiting events in my third grade life. We met the postmaster and were treated to an epic display of thousands of commemorative stamps, each a work of art that highlighted a person, place or event of interest over many years. I was smitten and became a stamp collector lusting after the art of the commemorative and the interesting postmark.
The ordinary three cent stamp had a profile of George Washington and was the stamp that was affixed to most of the mail that came
Ramblings from the empty nest ann Ferro
to our house. But every once in a while, one of those commemorative stamps would arrive, complete with its postmark. To this young collector, it was a rare and wonderful treasure. If I had to depend on the stamps that came to our house, my collection would have remained quite small, but clever child that I was, I knew that our very cosmopolitan neighborhood had residents that received mail from Denmark, Greece, Italy, Malta and Poland. I became the annoying child begging stamps from everyone. You learn a lot from collecting stamps. I still can remember my shock at finding out that the names we called other nations were not the same as what they called
Years Ago in History
By CiNDy Bell tOBey
100 years ago – april 2, 1925
Both the senate and the assembly passed the bill authorizing the state to take over the county road on the west side of the lake from the tunnel north to the county line.
It is expected that the governor will sign the bill.
This action brings nearer the construction of a concrete road from Cazenovia connection with the Fayetteville-Syracuse concrete road.
75 years ago – March 30, 1950
Roads, official monthly publication of the New York Good Roads Association salutes Madison County’s Department of Highways in its February issue, using two illustrations.
One illustration, captioned: “It’s been a long, long time” shows one of the country’s “sidewalk” styled concrete roads, Peterboro-Cazenovia, laid as an experiment 19 years ago and never completed, for lack of funds.
The intent was to lay one strip of concrete the first year and then eventually lay the opposite strip.
The second strip was never laid, the unpaved section being maintained with gravel and crushed stone.
The other illustration, the department’s rotary-wing plow unit working along a badly drifted road in the Fenner area, is used as the cover design.
50 years ago – april 2, 1975
It’s the second day of April. The robin’s on the wing, but snowflakes sprinkle the bird feeder.
It gets warm, but then it freezes. Somebody opens the window, somebody else turns up the thermostat.
The sparkles on the evergreens aren’t sunbeams, they’re leftover Christmas lights.
It’s too soon to put the snowshovel down cellar, and too soon to drag out the lawnmower.
Fur coats and boots are ready for moulting, and Florida vacationers wish they’d stayed south another week.
Not time yet to mothball winter clothes, but the soul longs for golf and swimming. Kids are out on their bikes, but cross-country skiers refuse to give up hope.
The cheerful crocus come up, looks around, and strikes its colors ‘til a better day.
The skies are bright long enough to marvel at the dust on the window panes, and then it hails.
There’s thunder, and then the sun comes out. The seeds in their packets are waiting to burst forth, but a shovel in the garden still strikes frost pockets.
It’s spring. Isn’t it?
25 years ago – april 5, 2000
Professor and New Woodstock resident Matt Potteiger called it work, student Brenda Wadsworth called it play.
Either way the works Wadsworth and her peers installed in Cazenovia willow patch last weekend were inspired by area history.
“I talked to three men who played in the willow patch when they were young,” said Wadsworth from the branches of a tree near Chittenango Creek, where it winds under the Mill Street Bridge. “They told me about digging up bottles and climbing trees. What I’m doing is re-enacting that, in honor of play.”
Potteiger, who teaches landscape architecture at the SUNY school of Environmental Science and Forestry, or ESF, said he asked first-year students in his class to plan meaningful installations along the creek between Carpenter’s Pond and Mill Street.
“There are temporary, interpretive installations which reveal things about the ecology and some of the hidden patterns about the willow patch,” said Potteiger. The willows of which Potteiger spoke are relatively young. They grew alongside Chittenango Creek after the water was re-routed to feed the Erie Cana. They are known as French basket willows, suitable and once frequently used for weaving.
Letters l Page 11
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FROM THE MAILBAG
“All these things that make our community great, the students in this school have a hand in,” he said. “. . . These are the great things that make people want to come visit Cazenovia, make people want to live in Cazenovia, and make people proud to be here.”
enrollment, wealth ratio, class sizes
DiFulvio presented a table showing that CCSD’s enrollment has “just about leveled off” since 2019. He also addressed the misconception that the amount of state funding a district receives is based solely on its enrollment.
“One of the things that you may hear about from Albany or lawmakers [is], ‘We are lowering school funding because enrollment is going down,’” he said. “Well, I think the reality [is] that school funding has really been going down across the country since 2011. [So, the] enrollment is one piece. There is a formula that the state is supposed to use to fund schools every year, and there are over 50 variables in the formula. What happens — it’s happening right now, and it happened last year — is lawmakers negotiate which variables they want included. Almost always, one of the ones they talk about is enrollment, but that doesn’t [show] the whole picture.”
CCSD is particularly impacted by its high wealth ratio, which can limit state funding. According to the superintendent, New York State determines a school district’s wealth by considering its residents’ income tax returns.
Shifting his attention back to historic enrollment trends, DiFulvio remarked that as student numbers declined from 2013 to around 2022/23, the district rightsized its programming.
“From where I sit, I think we have the appropriate amount of programming,” he said. “Our students have what they need, and I want to make sure our children continue to have what they need next year.”
DiFulvio then discussed CCSD’s class sizes, sharing that the average at Burton Street Elementary School is 21, the average in the middle school is 22, and the average at the high school is 14-30.
According to the superintendent, CCSD closely monitors its class sizes to ensure its teachers and students can build the relationships necessary to be successful.
CCSD’s financial situation and how it got here
CCSD anticipates facing a significant budget gap again this year.
According to DiFulvio, projected federal funding decreases for schools and NYS’s failure to maintain previously promised funding levels have contributed to the district’s challenging financial situation.
The CCSD Winter 2025 Newsletter reports that, according to the state aid projections from Governor Kathy Hochul’s Executive Budget Proposal, CCSD faces a “diminutive increase” in projected Foundation Aid — the primary source of state funding for NY schools — for the 2025/26 school year.
“They are cutting [funding] at the federal and state level,” said DiFulvio. “Now it’s [up to the locality] to decide if you want to fund the school adequately.”
The district’s projected budget gap is also a consequence of rising expenses related to inflation on goods and services, contractual salary increases, benefit cost increases, growing student needs, etc.
In past years, CCSD has had low or no tax increases. While those decisions were considerate of local taxpayers, the lack of consistent revenue increases has made the district vulnerable to economic downturns.
The administrators’ presentation emphasized the district’s history of efficient
spending and its demonstrated ability to operate effectively with limited resources. However, it also acknowledged that a tax levy increase at the district’s tax levy limit (cap) is insufficient to address the current financial shortfall.
“Really, we are at a point where we would have to take away programming,” said DiFulvio. “We recognize that it is our responsibility to be fiscally responsible, but it is also our responsibility to provide the programming that our children need.”
DiFulvio turned the microphone over to Assistant Superintendent/School Business Official Thomas Finnerty, who explored how CCSD’s current financial situation has been “years in the making” and can be traced back to the implementation of the Gap Elimination Adjustment (GEA).
The GEA was a policy designed to help NYS close its budget deficit. To achieve this, the state reduced the amount of money it provided to public schools from fiscal year 2009/10 to fiscal year 2016/17.
“The first year, they withheld over $1 million in state aid from Cazenovia,” Finnerty said. “The second year, [it was] similar, over $1 million. The third year, almost $1.9 million of our state aid [was withheld]. Ironically, at the same time, that was the year Governor Cuomo’s tax cap legislation came into being. Now, we can no longer raise taxes above two percent without getting a supermajority. So, we are getting strangled from the tax cap line, and we are also getting [almost] $1.9 million taken away.”
A budget requires approval by a supermajority of voters (60 percent or more) if the proposed tax levy increase exceeds the district’s tax levy limit, calculated using the NYS property tax cap formula. If the proposed tax levy increase is within the limit, a simple majority of voters (50 percent + 1) is required for budget approval.
According to Finnerty, CCSD saw a total loss of $8,102,722 from 2009/10 to 2016/17 due to the GEA.
During that period, the district took drastic measures, such as cutting positions and programs and using fund balance (the district’s savings account), to continue operating and attempt to maintain its identity.
“This really started what we are seeing today,” said Finnerty.
He added that once a district removes something from its budget, it is difficult to add it back in.
“You have growth every year, expenses go up every year, but once you have taken something away, how do you put it back on top of the things you still have to pay for, that you still have?” he said. “We keep cutting and nibbling and cutting and nibbling away at our budget. I started here in 2015, and I have not had one budget yet that has been a piece of cake. We have had to look at lines every year and say, ‘Take a little [here], take a little there . . .’ We are in a place now where it’s just not safe; it’s just not smart to keep taking away.”
Funding considerations and future planning
According to the administration, CCSD has been actively exploring various budget funding avenues and considering longterm forecasts while remaining focused on funding its strategic plan, preserving core programming, and maintaining a healthy fund balance.
The district’s current options are to decrease spending through cuts; increase revenue through grants, the tax levy, and/ or fund balance use; or do a combination of those approaches.
DiFulvio noted that Cazenovia’s high wealth ratio makes the district ineligible for many grants that other schools might receive.
He also expressed his belief that the district is at a point where there is nothing left to cut if it wants to preserve its identity
and give its kids the same programming as other schools.
According to Finnerty, the administration and BOE believe in using a little bit of fund balance every year. For example, the current budget includes $1,641,005 in fund balance use, some of which CCSD plans to put back into its savings account.
“We have contingencies built into the budget for the worst-case scenarios,” Finnerty said. “Why should we tax the taxpayer for that every year? We should plan on using our savings just in case those things happen.”
long-term forecast
Finnerty described the budget process as one big exercise in estimation.
In November 2024, he looked at CCSD data from the past 16 years and used averages to forecast the estimated revenues — tax levy, miscellaneous income, state aid, and fund balance — and expenditure budgets for the next five years.
The graphic he created shows a gap between the revenues and expenditures for each of the five years, with the gap increasing in size from 2025/26 to 2029/30.
“As I say year after year, between declining state aid and a tax cap that puts a stigma on exceeding [the district’s levy limit], the revenue does not keep up with the expenditures,” Finnerty said. “So, we have to take drastic measures; we have to use more fund balance, we have to get rid of programs, we have to get creative. We are at a point where we can’t do that anymore. We are going to run out of [our savings] account if we keep using it. . . . We are hoping for more state aid, but I think [the answer] is going to need to be tax levy because we can’t keep relying on fund balance to bridge the gap.”
According to Finnerty, failing to safeguard the district’s reserves could decrease its credit rating and put it in “moderate fiscal stress,” a rating given by the NYS Comptroller’s Office to local governments or school districts experiencing financial strain but to a lesser degree than those in significant fiscal stress.
long-term plan to close the gap
The administration has developed a plan for the next five years that is subject to change due to state and federal funding variables.
CCSD is proposing a 7.55 percent tax levy increase for 2025/26, a 9.49 percent tax levy increase for 2026/27, a 4.66 percent increase for 2027/28, a 4.65 percent increase for 2028/29, a 4.63 percent increase for 2029/30, and a 4.62 increase for 2030/31.
Finnerty pointed out that Cazenovia’s tax rate on true/full market value is the second lowest in Madison County. He also stated that although he does not have this year’s complete data, he can report that CCSD’s 2023/24 tax rate on true/full market value was the sixth lowest of the 23 districts in OCM BOCES.
“Again, revenues aren’t keeping up with expenditures if [the tax levy increase] is two percent; it is just not happening,” Finnerty said. “We have got to make decisions, so this is our plan. We have cut as much as we can cut. It is time to support kids.”
In addition to the 7.55 percent tax levy increase, the district’s tentative plan calls for appropriating $1,641,005 of fund balance, and a one-time injection of funds from the debt service fund to balance the 2025/26 budget.
“The 7.55 percent tax levy increase is still subject to change, as we have not yet received the state budget,” said Finnerty. “If we get more aid than the governor proposed, the 7.55 percent could — and likely will — go down. If we get less, 7.55 percent could go up. In either case, it is up to the board [to decide] what to do with more or less state aid.”
Finnerty estimates that if voters ap -
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prove the proposed 2025/26 budget, taxpayers in the Town of Cazenovia will see their bills increase by $154.17 per $100,000 of assessed value. His estimation is based on 2024/25 property assessments and equalization rates.
“So, for a $200,000 house, you’re going to expect about a $308 increase with the budget as proposed,” he said.
The district’s proposed 2025/26 expenditure budget is $40,446,980, representing a $2,019,758 increase over the current budget.
According to a figure comparing CCSD to Madison, Cortland, Onondaga, and Oswego County school districts with similar student enrollments, Cazenovia has one of the lowest 2024/25 expenditure budgets and the lowest budget per pupil. Even if all the other districts were to freeze their spending for 2025/26 while CCSD increased its expenditures to the proposed $40,446,980, Cazenovia would still have the lowest budget per pupil.
DiFulvio concluded the presentation by stating that he would be derelict in his duty as superintendent if he did not express his belief that the district’s proposal is what CCSD students need and what the community will support.
table discussions
The presentation was followed by small group discussions guided by the following questions:
1. What makes Cazenovia Schools a source of community pride?
2. What are your top priorities for ensuring our district not only continues to excel but reaches even greater heights?
3. How can we, as a community, maximize our collective support for our students’ success, well-being, and overall development?
4. What suggestions and ideas do you have for optimizing our resources, further strengthening our schools, and building an even brighter future for Cazenovia students?
Discussion facilitators recorded the public feedback for the district’s consideration.
The event concluded with a questionand-answer period. DiFulvio announced that the district will update all the information on the budget section of its website, and the questions raised during the Q&A will be used as frequently asked questions if they have not already been added.
Next steps
The BOE is anticipated to adopt a proposed budget on Monday, April 21. A public hearing on the proposal is scheduled for Monday, May 12, and the budget vote and BOE election will be held on Tuesday, May 20, from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m., in the middle school auxiliary gym.
If the proposed budget fails, the BOE can choose to put the same budget up for a vote a second time, put a revised budget up for a vote, or go directly to a contingency budget.
If the district decides to go out at the tax cap for the revote, the budget will be reduced by $1,008,117.
If the June 17 revote fails, the board must enact a contingency budget without a tax levy increase. That would mean reducing the budget by $1,726,636.
CCSD BOE meetings are open to the public, and community members are encouraged to attend. Meeting dates are listed on the district website and the school calendar. For more information, visit cazenoviacsd.com/board. To contact the entire board, email boe@caz.cnyric.org
Anyone not directly affiliated with CCSD can sign up for the ParentSquare Community Group to receive newsletters and other information. Sign up at parentsquare.com/ community_signups/94dc9c19-0570-4ecdbd7a-868cb499bc46/new.
circa 1903, a rare Arts & Crafts period “Bench Made” Metal Calling Card Stand with history, etc.), Beautiful Hand Made Oriental Rugs, Huge amount of Estate Jewelry (with Diamonds and other Precious Stones, Cameos, Jade, Pearls, Gold & Silver, etc.), Dozens of pieces of “Heidi Daus” Designer “statement” Jewelry, MANY Watches (including a Rare “Chanel” 18K Wristwatch, “Le Coultre”, “Rolex”, etc.), Incredible amount of Sterling Silver (there is more than $20,000.00 value at scrap prices!), Nice Silver Plate, Huge wardrobe (including designer pieces with “Louis Vuitton” and “Dolce & Gabbana” handbags, etc.), Small Library, Art Pottery (including many local artisans), Fine Glass (with ABP Cutglass Lamp, Art glass, Steuben, Swedish, Pairpoint Butterfly & Spiderweb Pieces, etc.), Collection of “Swarovski” Crystal, Orientalia, African Artwork, Toys (including Trains, Antique Steam Plant, Star Trek pieces, Antique Marbles, etc.) Antique Shotgun, Rare Wine, Coins, China & Porcelain (including the rarest large antique “Meissen” Hand Painted Plaque), Primitives, Textiles (including a very rare and important Jacquard Coverlet from Waterville, NY dated 1835 and a pair of Gorgeous antique hand crocheted Bedspreads), Antique Stoneware, Clocks, NOTE: Estate Consultants will be selling EVERYTHING in this home “TO THE BARE WALLS” Including the appliances and
Mannion introduces act to protect students with disabilities
Rep. John W. Mannion (NY22,) alongside Representatives Jahana Hayes (CT-5) and Lucy McBath (GA-6,) introduced the “Protecting Students with Disabilities Act” to ensure that special education programs within the U.S. Department of Education are administered as Congress intended.
This legislation reaffirms the department’s statutory responsibilities under the landmark ”Individuals with Disabilities Education Act” (IDEA) and prevents any attempts to weaken enforcement or disrupt critical services for students with disabilities, according to a press release from Mannion’s office.
This bill is Mannion’s first piece of legislation in Congress and serves as a direct response to the Trump administration’s efforts to dismantle the Department of Education by transferring special education programs to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), according to Mannion’s office.
“Such a move would disregard fed-
and head-scratching reasoning from Mayor Small. The mayor suggests that posting recordings of the budget meetings could lead to misinformation if a constituent only viewed one meeting. The mayor’s reasoning is sad but true. Making it arduous for constituents to obtain budgetary information will prevent the proliferation of information, be it misinformed or not. Not one official provided reasoning as to why recording and posting village meetings would be too costly or technically unfeasible. All but one elected village official prefers minimizing constituents’ ability to glimpse behind the curtain. We, the people, deserve better.
thOMaS PaRkeR fayetteville
Praise for Ann Ferro’s column
To the editor:
Ann Ferro is a true asset to the Eagle
eral law, undermine oversight, and threaten the quality of education and support services for millions of students with Individualized Education Programs (IEPs),” Mannion’s press release says.
“The IDEA has been the foundation of special education in the United States for 50 years, ensuring that students with disabilities receive the free, appropriate public education they are entitled to under federal law,” mannion said. “Attempts to strip special education programs from the Department of Education and shift them to agencies without the expertise or legal mandate to oversee their implementation are not only reckless but also unlawful. The Protecting Students with Disabilities Act ensures that Congress, not the executive branch, determines how we support and educate children with disabilities. I’m proud to stand with Representatives McBath and Hayes to uphold our commitment to these students, their families, and educators.”
Hayes and McBath shared Man-
Bulletin . I look forward to her interesting weekly columns. They are always seasonal, educational, nostalgic or witty, and often remind me of my own life experiences. I found her article “It’s Your Choice” outstanding. She accurately described the chaos, confusion and unrest our country has endured since Donald Trump and Elon Musk took over our government.
My ideal choice to preserve our republic would be to demand our selfserving Republican controlled Congress work for their constituents and not to save their own lucrative, privilegepacked jobs while thousands are losing their jobs, often the sole family income.
Since this scenario appears to be unlikely, here are a few satiric suggestions. First, have a do-over of the Nov. 5, 2024 election. Second, petition Canada to annex New York State as its fourth territory. And, lastly, secede from the union and become our own entity – the country of New York. Works for me.
M. ClaiRe CRull minoa
Everybody needs a mentor… Especially in golf!
Have you ever had a good mentor during your golf career? If you have, consider yourself lucky. If you haven’t, there is still time. e value of having a good mentor for golf is signi cant. e value of having one for life, is a blessing. Mentors come in all sizes and shapes. Some are parents, some are teachers some are friends and many are professionals. For those of you who are struggling to nd a way to start playing the game of golf…looking for assistance to buy some clubs…getting some lessons…seeking some advice about joining a league, playing in a tournament or just someone to show you a few “basic” fundamentals about the grip, posture over the ball, the back swing, down swing and follow through, a good mentor “could” be the right choice for you… now. Please be reminded, the o cial golf season in CNY usually starts around April 1st. Should you decide to seek out a “good” mentor, there are a few distinguishing traits that a mentor should have to be a “good t” for you.
GOOD MENTORS…SHOULD BE:
HIGHLY SKILLED - Ideally, a good mentor should have a high degree of knowledge and experience in golf as well as a proven record of success in competitive golf events. PGA Golf Professionals are clearly suited to be mentors. e challenge will be to nd one who is willing to spend 16-20 hours a month with you.
ENTHUSIASTIC - How important is Enthusiasm? Critical! ey should have a positive attitude at “all” times, not just once in awhile. ey should have a genuine respect, fondness and attachment to golf that is above reproach and a willingness to share their knowledge and experience with you. ey should enjoy and value watching you make the necessary changes that lead to your success.
A GOOD LISTENER - A good mentor should always take time to listen and understand your needs by asking questions and being interested in your challenges both on and o the golf course. ey should embrace your thoughts and approach to golf that can help them be more e ective without always imposing “their” preferences.
AVAILABLE - A good mentor should be available to you for a reasonable amount of time each day or week for the relationship to be e ective and lasting. Also, you must gure out who is checking in with whomduring the day, at the end of the day or for a longer time on weekends. Be speci c and remind your mentor you value their time and appreciate their energy.
INTEGRITY, ETHICS & HONOR - Good mentors are not just knowledgeable and have experience in the game of golf. ey should have an exceptional reputation for their Integrity, Ethics & Honor. ey should hold themselves accountable for your success and always be professional and honorable. A good mentor should also tell you what it’s going to take for you to reach your goals and objectives as well as the dedication it will require to succeed.
ADAPTABLE - A good mentor will always be up front and inform you the advice they give you about the fundamentals may not work for you in every situation because there are so many di erent instructional philosophies about the modern day golf swing. ey should encourage you to work with a certi ed PGA Golf Professional and then work on the drills and techniques during the golf season with you.
FOCUSED ON SUCCESS - Good mentors should always be focused on developing a program that results in success for you, both in golf and life. e program should have clear goals and objectives for you that are consistent with your potential and realistic expectations.
To the best of my knowledge there are no o cial credentials required to become a Certi ed Golf Mentor. Now what? Don’t give up until you nd one!
nion’s point of view.
“The Protecting Students with Disabilities Act aims to ensure IDEA programs are administered as Congress intended, upholding the right of students with special needs to receive the free and appropriate public education they deserve,” Hayes said.
“As we’ve seen with recent actions, our public school system is under attack. IDEA programs and resources provided by the Department of Education are the only way that schools can offer the specific support necessary to provide a quality education to a child with disabilities,” McBath said. “Every family in this country has the right to a free and appropriate education that is tailored to their child’s needs. I am proud to stand with both of my colleagues and former public-school teachers, Representatives Mannion and Hayes, as we defend that right in Congress.”
Prior to IDEA, kids with disabilities were regularly turned away from public schools and were denied access to a basic education.
Our principles
To the editor:
In the past few years there’s been an outpouring of demagoguery by many regarding asylum seekers and immigrants. Current polling suggests that while most of the Trump/Musk administration’s policies are deeply unpopular the one that is on average still above water is his border/immigration policy. That approval I’d suspect is why we are seeing the brazen approach to even those here legally.
Mike Johnson claimed that if you are “an aspiring young terrorist.... you’re going home.”
His definition of terrorist? Holding a peaceful demonstration of the killing of innocent Palestinians in Gaza. Mahmoud Khalil did not incite violence, did not support Hamas-he decried it, and did not spout antiSemitism.
Yet the Republicans need to dumb it down so any contradiction their far right fervor that all coming here in hopes of a better life are taking away from current citizens or putting them in danger. The actual data says the opposite.
The Protecting Students with Disabilities Act prohibits the use of federal funds to eliminate, consolidate, or restructure any office within the Department of Education that administers or enforces IDEA programs.
It protects the Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP), which has spent decades developing the necessary expertise, research and oversight mechanisms to ensure states comply with IDEA and provide high-quality special education services.
As a New York State senator Mannion was the founding chairman of the Senate Disabilities Committee and during his nearly 30-year career as a public school science teacher worked in a 15:1 special education classroom directly supporting students with disabilities.
The legislation is supported by leading advocacy organizations, including the American Federation of Teachers (AFT), National Education Association (NEA), National Center for Learning Disabilities (NCLD), the Council of Administrators of Special Education (CASE), and EdTrust.
Now we see Kristi Noem going to the El-Salvador prison and boasting of sending asylum seekers and immigrants to Buekele’s for hire concentration camp, with no due process.
We see Rumeysa Ozturk, a Turkish PhD student at Tufts abducted by masked ICE “officers,” in no uniforms and taken to a Louisiana detention center. For? Co-authoring an opinion essay to the Tufts student paper. Not a crime nor has one been established. We cannot be blind or not be outraged by legal residents or asylum seekers not being afforded due process let alone detained for speech that is not inciting any violence whatsoever. That is a line crossed that started this country’s formation against an English tyrant who did exactly the same thing.
And if you hold the principles of this dear you should denounce this behavior as it will continue to permeate to other types of speech and freedoms that stand in the way of this administration’s quest for enhanced power and control.
BOB WheeleR manliuS
Eagle Newspapers is here to help readers share their milestone celebrations, including birth announcements, engagements, weddings, anniversaries and milestone birthdays. The deadline to submit an announcement is 10 a.m. the Friday before publication. Announcements of up to 250 words with a photo cost just $50, with an additional 15 cents per word over 250 words. Announcements will be posted to eaglenewsonline.com within 24 hours of receipt of payment. To submit a milestone announcement, email Alyssa Dearborn at adearborn@eaglenewsonline.com, or call 315.434.8889 ext. 305.
Award Winning 18 Hole Golf Course and Practice Range, Full-Service Restaurant and Snack Bars, PGA Pro Shop, Bag Room, and Swimming Pool
We are a working-teaching facility where team members make a competitive wage while developing life skills in a fun, vibrant and social environment. Each department has unique earning and learning opportunities for this upcoming season.
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Servers, bartenders, hosts, food runners and bussers will learn both casual and fine dining service skills while receiving comprehensive food, beverage, and wine training from our certified sommelier and professionally trained servers- and Cavalry Club offers 20% gratuity on all served beverages and meals!
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Swimming Pool: The Club’s iconic 4500 square foot swimming pool is a popular destination for life-guard summer jobs, complete with American Red Cross life-saving training, the Cavalry Club Swim Team, swim meets, swim lessons and fun family programming. Seasonal pay ranges from $15.50 to $18.50 depending on position and experience.
