8 • Eagle Edition • Nov. 3, 2017
False Thinspiration Story and graphic by Anastasia Sotiropoulos
Fad diet culture encourages rapid weight loss, proves dangerous
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alorie tracker app Lose It! opens as senior Jake Charnes flips through the Hopdoddy menu. After some quick number crunching, he settles for a chopped up black bean burger and side of lettuce—the only meal option that will allow him to stay under his max “budget” of 1,300 calories a day. For Charnes’ entire sophomore year, caloriecounting was a part of his paleo diet. Fad diets, characterized by their crash diet nature (intense food and drink restrictions), are increasing in popularity for those seeking rapid results. “I was just unhappy with my body,” Charnes said. “I saw that the paleo diet would help people lose weight. I was only eating things cavemen would eat— greens and meats, no processed [foods], no bread.” It wasn’t just his nutritional content that Charnes altered but also how much of that content he consumed, adjusting the diet’s recommendation of 2,500 calories a day to 1,000. In a matter of months, he dropped from 185 pounds to 130. “It made me have the idea of, ‘It’s not enough,’” Charnes said. “I think that’s what spiraled into my eating disorder.” Dr. Briana Sacco, Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and eating disorder specialist at UT Southwestern Medical Center, says that dieting in any shape or form is a risk factor for developing an eating disorder. “Any time you’re changing your diet in any kind of meaningful way, you want to make sure you get medical professionals involved,” Sacco said. “One thousand calories per day is not sufficient for a teenager. You could be a completely sedentary person, and a thousand calories won’t be enough.” Health concerns from his parents led Charnes to seek intervention from a specialist. “She said I was healthy but on the verge of anorexia,” Charnes said. “Because I hadn’t eaten a lot for a year, I was very accustomed to a thousand calories a day, like a
plate of meat slices for dinner. That took some changing.” Fad diets have proven particularly hazardous as they can make it hard for some to tell when they have crossed into eating disorder territory. Red flags include not having the flexibility to make exceptions when appropriate, increased irritability and less energy. “Some of those early signs that we may be getting into trouble is if we had initially just planned to be healthy, but we modified that goal and set that standard for our weight to be even lower and then even lower,” Sacco explained. The rigid menus of fad diets and their tendency to label certain foods as strictly “good” or “bad” add to their danger. When cutting out entire food groups rather than moderating them, there is the “elimination” mentality that effective dieting must involve deprivation. “Just like you don’t want to be eating fried foods or cookies all day long, you also shouldn’t be eating broccoli all day long,” Sacco said. “I’m a proponent of not necessarily limiting things, but having an appropriate balance.” Although Charnes has since moved on to healthier eating habits, he remembers what that year of fad dieting was like, still inadvertently counting calories in his head. While some turn to fad diets for rapid weight loss, others like junior Kelsey Wittman try short-term ones out of curiosity. After routinely ordering smoothies from the Juice Bar, she undertook two separate three-day “cleanses” or “detoxes” from food, during which she only drank three 16 oz. juices a day. “I wanted to test my willpower, honestly,” Wittman said. “I wanted to see if I could actually not eat food for three days and just drink juice.” The Juice Bar recommends drinking only water in addition to juice, their website stating, “If you need to chew something, eat thinly sliced raw veggies.” After each three-day cycle, she experienced a numbness to hunger. “It just made me feel sick every single day,” Wittman said. “After that, it kind of hurt to eat food. The first morning, I felt really energized. Second morning, not so much. Third morning, I just felt horrible.” Sacco advises against cleanses, no matter how innocent they may seem compared to long-term diets. “[Cleanses] can have major changes in terms of your body’s electrolyte balance,” she said. “You guys shouldn’t need to be doing any type of cleansing. Eating over the holidays is great, but there shouldn’t be something you need to do to negate it.” From a physiology standpoint, Sacco
22 percent
of fad diets last two+
months*
fails to see the purpose in cleansing, especially for those at more of a genetic or personality risk for developing an eating disorder. “It may take doing that threeday cleanse, and that’s enough to kick-start what could end up as an eating disorder,” she said. “For someone else, it may not be a big deal, but we don’t always know until after the fact.” Fad dieting comes down to its speed— something particularly handy during Homecoming season. According to an Oct. 27 poll of 220 students, 43 percent admit to having dieted for an end goal like looking their best in their Homecoming dress or Spring Break swimsuit. Sacco recognizes the external pressures behind teens’ tendency to resort to extremes for social events. “That identity development is really what happens in adolescence,” she said. “You are trying to figure out who you want to be—a vulnerable place.” Stars ranging from Gwyneth Paltrow and Blake Lively to Anne Hathaway and Beyoncé have sworn by cleanses like Wittman’s, attributing to their popularity and further propagating their cultural aspect. “Some of these things don’t have a real science behind them,” Sacco said. “Kids are getting this arbitrary expectation based on what Hollywood is portraying, what we are seeing in the news media, in magazines and billboards.” Although 71 percent of students find fad dieting healthy, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics insists that risks not be overlooked. Muscle cramps, dizziness, fainting, dehydration, mood changes and constant hunger are just some of the effects. “Thinking back when I was in high school, I don’t think [fad dieting] was something that was even crossing my mind, but things are different now,” Sacco said. “It’s definitely a conversation worth having.”
1 in 4 students have fad dieted*
43 percent
of students have dieted for a dance, vacation*
* according to an Oct. 27 poll of 220 students
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