First Break October 2019 - Reservoir Geoscience and Engineering

VO L U M E 3 7 I I S S U E 10 I O C T O B E R 2 019

SPECIAL TOPIC

Reservoir Geoscience and Engineering TECHNICAL ARTICLE FWI AS AN EFFECTIVE SOLUTION FOR NEAR SURFACE MODEL BUILDING CROSSTALK CLEARING THE SKIES FOR DRONES INDUSTRY NEWS UK RELEASES FULL SET OF SEISMIC MAPS

Geoscience - Software

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FIRST BREAK® An EAGE Publication

CHAIRMAN EDITORIAL BOARD Peter Rowbotham (Peter.Rowbotham@apachecorp.com) EDITOR Damian Arnold (editorfb@eage.org) MEMBERS, EDITORIAL BOARD • Paul Binns, consultant (pebinns@btinternet.com) • Patrick Corbett, Heriot-Watt University (patrick_corbett@pet.hw.ac.uk) • Tom Davis, Colorado School of Mines (tdavis@mines.edu) • Anthony Day, PGS (anthony.day@pgs.com) • Peter Dromgoole, Equinor UK (pdrum@equinor.com) • Rutger Gras, Oranje-Nassau Energy (gras@onebv.com) • Hamidreza Hamdi, University of Calgary (hhamdi@ucalgary.ca) • Ed Kragh, Schlumberger Cambridge Research (edkragh@slb.com) • John Reynolds, Reynolds International (jmr@reynolds-international.co.uk) • James Rickett, Schlumberger (jrickett@slb.com) • Dave Stewart, Dave Stewart Geoconsulting Ltd (djstewart.dave@gmail.com) • Femke Vossepoel, Delft University of Technology (f.c.vossepoel@tudelft.nl) MEDIA PRODUCTION MANAGER Thomas Beentje (tbe@eage.org) ACCOUNT MANAGER ADVERTISING Keziah Starrenburg (ksg@eage.org) PRODUCTION Saskia Nota (layout@eage.org) Ivana Geurts (layout@eage.org) EAGE EUROPE OFFICE PO Box 59 3990 DB Houten The Netherlands • +31 88 995 5055 • eage@eage.org • www.eage.org EAGE RUSSIA & CIS OFFICE EAGE Russia & CIS Office EAGE Geomodel LLC 19 Leninsky Prospekt 119071, Moscow, Russia • +7 495 640 2008 • moscow@eage.org • www.eage.ru EAGE MIDDLE EAST OFFICE EAGE Middle East FZ-LLC Dubai Knowledge Village Block 13 Office F-25 PO Box 501711 Dubai, United Arab Emirates • +971 4 369 3897 • middle_east@eage.org • www.eage.org EAGE ASIA PACIFIC OFFICE UOA Centre Office Suite 19-15-3A No. 19, Jalan Pinang 50450 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia • +60 3 272 201 40 • asiapacific@eage.org • www.eage.org EAGE LATIN AMERICA OFFICE Carrera 14 No 97-63 Piso 5 Bogotá, Colombia • +57 1 4232948 • americas@eage.org • www.eage.org EAGE MEMBERS CHANGE OF ADDRESS NOTIFICATION Send to: EAGE Membership Dept at EAGE Office (address above) FIRST BREAK ON THE WEB www.firstbreak.org

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Improved seismic images through full-azimuth depth migration

Editorial Contents 3

EAGE News

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Crosstalk

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Industry News

Technical Articles

33 Assessing soil amplifications in Groningen, the Netherlands Janneke van Ginkel, Elmer Ruigrok and Rien Herber 39 FWI as an effective solution for land near-surface model building into the area with complex geological settings: Eastern Siberia case study D. Tverdokhlebov, V. Korobkin, A. Kleshnin, E. Kashirina, E. Danko, V. Zaravnyaev and R. Melnikov

Special Topic: RESERVOIR GEOSCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

49 Reducing drilling risk on Culzean using WAVI-VSP Rachel Jones, John Banks, Howard Simpson, Nick Randall and Antoine Paré 55 The New Exploration Journey: Are we there yet?

Neil Hodgson and Karyna Rodriguez 61

T he decision-oriented world: effective management of uncertainty in geomodelling workflows Lucy MacGregor, Michael Stewart, Keegan Benallack and Luke Johnson 65 Increasing confidence in estimating stimulated reservoir volume by integrating RTA and microseismic analysis Peyman Moradi, Katie Jeziorski and Doug Angus 73 Integrated sedimentological and seismic reservoir characterization studies as inputs into a Lower Cretaceous reservoir geomodel, offshore Abu Dhabi Ferran Pacheco, Michael Harrison, Shraddha Chatterjee, Kiyotaka Ishinaga, Shunsuke Ishii, William Mills, Nathaly Vargas, Subhrankar Paul and Pierre Roy 85 Horizontal infill well with AICDs improves production in a mature field – a case study IIhami Giden, Michael Nirtl, Hans Thomas Maier and Ismarullizam Mohd Ismail 91 Improved seismic images through full-azimuth depth migration: updating the seismic geological model of an oil field in the preneogene base of the Pannonian Basin Tatiana Olneva, Daniil Semin, Alexander Inozemtsev, Ilya Bogatyrev, Kirill Ezhov, Elena Kharyba and Zvi Koren 98

Calendar of Events

ISSN 0263-5046 (print) / ISSN 1365-2397 (online)

cover: Oil wells at the super-mature Matzen field in Austria. This month OMV and Tendeka demonstrate how a horizontal infill well with AICDs improves production (p. 85).

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European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers

Board 2019-2020

Michael Pöppelreiter President

Dirk Orlowsky Vi c e-President Elect

Everhard Muijzert Secretary-Treasurer

Near Surface Geoscience Division George Apostolopoulos Chair Alireza Malehmir Vice-Chair Micki Allen Contact Officer EEGS/North America Riyadh Al-Saad Oil & Gas Liaison Esther Bloem Technical Programme Officer Hongzhu Cai Liaison China Albert Casas Membership Officer Eric Cauquil Liaison Shallow Marine Geophysics Ranajit Ghose Editor in Chief Near Surface Geophysics Hamdan Ali Hamdan Liaison Middle East Andreas Kathage Liaison Officer First Break Musa Manzi Liaison Africa Myrto Papadopoulou Young Professional Liaison Koya Suto Liaison Asia Pacific Catherine Truffert Industry Liaison

Oil & Gas Geoscience Division

Caroline Le Turdu Membership and Cooperation Officer

Ingrid Magnus Publications Officer

Colin MacBeth Education Officer

Michael Peter Suess Chair; TPC Lucy Slater Vice-Chair Caroline Jane Lowrey Immediate Past Chair; TPC Erica Angerer Member Wiebke Athmer Member Rick Donselaar TPC Xavier Garcia NSGD Liaison Sebastian Geiger Member Juliane Heiland TPC Tijmen-Jan Moser Editor-in-chief Geophysical Prospecting Ann Muggeridge IOR Committee Liasion Francesco Perrone YP Liaison Philip Ringrose Editor-in-chief Petroleum Geoscience Conor Ryan REvC Liaison Martin Widmaier TPC Aart-Jan van Wijngaarden Technical Programme Officer Michael Zhdanov NSGD Liaison

SUBSCRIPTIONS First Break is published monthly. It is free to EAGE members. The membership fee of EAGE is € 50.00 a year (including First Break, EarthDoc (EAGE’s geoscience database), Learning Geoscience (EAGE’s Education website) and online access to a scientific journal.

Companies can subscribe to First Break via an institutional subscription.

Every subscription includes a monthly hard copy and online access to the full First Break archive for the requested number of online users.

Aart-Jan van Wijngaarden Technical Programme Officer

George Apostolopoulos Chair Near Surface Geoscience Division

Michael Peter Suess Chair Oil & Gas Geoscience Division

Orders for current subscriptions and back issues should be sent to EAGE Publications BV, Journal Subscriptions, PO Box 59, 3990 DB, Houten, The Netherlands. Tel: +31 (0)88 9955055, E-mail: subscriptions@eage.org, www.firstbreak.org.

First Break is published by EAGE Publications BV, The Netherlands.

However, responsibility for the opinions given and the statements made rests with the authors.

COPYRIGHT & PHOTOCOPYING © 2019 EAGE All rights reserved. First Break or any part thereof may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transcribed in any form or by any means, electronically or mechanically, including photocopying and recording, ­without the prior written permission of the Publisher.

PAPER The Publisher’s policy is to use acid-free permanent paper (TCF), to the draft standard ISO/DIS/9706, made from sustainable ­forests using chlorine-free pulp (Nordic-Swan standard).

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19.045

HIGHLIGHTS

EAGE MEMBERS

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Inaugural ProGREss 2019 in Sochi means business

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Kaliningrad conference advances discussion on horizontal wells

12

First workshop coming on distributed optical fibre sensing

India’s magnificentt geology captures PhotoContest 2019

‘The Himalayas - A Folded and Faulted Beauty Undergoing Weathering’ by Soumya Chandan Panda.

This month we can announce the winners of the 2019 Photo Contest, judged by members of EAGE and the European Federation of Geologists.

Your choice for the Best Photo of the Year was a stunning portrait of ‘The Himalayas - A Folded and Faulted Beauty Undergoing Weathering’ in India, submitted by Soumya Chandan Panda. Second place went to ‘Vinicunca Legend’ in Cerro Colorado Valley, Peru photographed by Dario Chisari. Third most popular photo was ‘The Solution of the Student Hammer in the 21st Century’ taken by Camille Thomasset in Ben Guerir, Morocco. The winners are being contacted directly.

What are your legends of geoscience? That was the question that the PhotoContest asked EAGE and EFG

‘Vinicunca Legend’ by Dario Chisari.

members. The goal was to share our passion for geoscience. Legends could be expressed in different ways: they could be individuals - men and women, role models or everyday scientists; they could be roles and professions with the potential to go beyond the technical work and produce a real impact for the advancement of science and society; and they could also cover the disciplines themselves because geoscience is a broad, multidisciplinary and ever-evolving world.

Three new categories were proposed: ‘Geosciences for Society’, ‘Women Geoscientists’ and ‘Landscape and Environment’. We received submissions from 27 different countries covering all regions and a kaleidoscope of geoscience applications. The 12 finalists were exhibited at the EAGE Annual 2019 in London, and FIRST

votes were collected over five months from April to August.

Congratulations to all and thank you for sharing the beauty of geoscience with us! We look forward to another year in pictures. If you have an idea for the 2020 PhotoContest? Let us know via eage@eage.org.

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‘The Solution of the Student Hammer in the 21st Century’ by Camille Thomasset.

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EAGE NEWS

Fifth Borehole Geophysics workshop promises a big event in The Hague No doubt about the interest being shown in our fifth Borehole Geophysics workshop being held on 18-21 November 2019 in The Hague. We have over 40 presenters expected and a short course to make this a great opportunity to find out why borehole geophysics is such a key component in linking surface measurements with the reservoir.

In previous workshops, the quality of the technical submissions has been excellent with representation from a wide cross-section of the industry from around the world: operators, consultants, contractors, and academics. For this fifth workshop, the technical committee has adopted the same proven formula so that

professionals can share latest research findings, case studies, successes and lessons learned, all built around a technical programme of oral papers and posters.

The topics featured for the 2019 programme will focus on acquisition and processing of borehole seismic data, and there will be plenty of opportunity to discuss a wider range of geophysical techniques that utilize gravity, electromagnetic (EM) and micro-seismic surveys, to name but a few.

In addition to the three-day technical programme, we are offering a short course presented by Schlumberger on ‘Advanced Elastic Anistrophy Calibration: From Borehole to Seismic Scales’. Three cur-

rent experts each with over 20-30 years of experience will provide the fundamental knowledge necessary to understand, identify and estimate different types of elastic anisotropy, and will show how to integrate the measurements across different scales, from cores up to surface seismic.

Registration for both the workshop and short course is now open and we encourage intending participants to take advantage of the early rates. Spaces are also limited for the short course so hurry and secure you place.

EAGE would like to thank our sponsors - Saudi Aramco, Total, Halliburton, and Sercel - for their generous contributions to the workshop.

East African petroleum geoscience event gearing up for 2020 Next year sees the EAGE’s popular Eastern Africa Petroleum Geoscience Forum return for the fifth time. It is being held on 30 March to 1 April in Cape Town, South Africa with a lot to discuss under the theme of ‘Paving the Way to Future Energy Supply’.

The wealth of potential resources such as geothermal, coal bed methane and shale gas provide an opportunity for Southern and Eastern Africa to develop a diverse supply in meeting the energy needs of the region and elsewhere in the world. With world-class gas resources in Tanzania and Mozambique and the more recent gas-condensate discovery in South Africa, terms and regulatory frameworks are now evolving to accommodate the unique differences in the exploration and development of the region’s resources.

Mining operations in the region have also been long established. Terms and regulatory frameworks are now evolving 4

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to accommodate the unique differences between the mining and emerging hydrocarbon industries in the exploration and development of the region’s resources.

Technology, local capability and capacity enhancement driven by collaboration between governments, academia, and the mineral and energy industry are developing to encourage investment, move discovered resource into production, and unlock remaining potential to meet the energy challenges of the future.

The Forum will provide a platform for geoscientists and engineers to share knowledge and liaise across a broad range of topics, ranging from new play concepts, play de-risking and development in the hydrocarbon industries, to applied geosciences in the geohazards, mining and water industries.

The beautiful city of Cape Town is ideally located for a forum of this type, easily accessible and stunning landscape,

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with the geological backdrop of Table Mountain.

We invite practitioners, innovators and industry experts to contribute to the Forum. The deadline to submit abstracts is 30 November 2019. Please visit the event website for more details.

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EAGE NEWS

EAGE Workshop to focus on the East Mediterranean exploration hotspots EAGE is holding the Second Eastern Mediterranean Workshop in Athens from 19-21 November 2019. John Underhill, professor of exploration geoscience, Heriot-Watt University and co-chair of the workshop technical committee, explains the significance of the event.

Until recently, the notion that offshore waters of the Eastern Mediterranean could be a hot spot of petroleum exploration and development activity was considered fanciful. However, acquisition of new seismic datasets, application of new technologies and outcomes of several licence rounds led to exploration successes in several areas including offshore Egypt, Cyprus, Israel, Lebanon, Turkey, Greece, Albania, Montenegro and Croatia.

Given the continued exploration interest across the region, it is particularly timely that EAGE is convening its Second Eastern Mediterranean Workshop (at the St George Lycabettus Hotel in central Athens). The event will bring geoscientists from industry, government bodies and academia together to promote discussion and interchange between those interested in extending petroleum exploration in the area.

The region’s complex geodynamic history has seen it evolve from two Tethyan passive continental margins to one dominated by Alpine collision and neotectonic subduction-accretion along its northern flank. The rifting initiated in the Permo-Triassic continued through the Mesozoic and was characterized by the development of a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate platform attached to the African, Arabian

and Eurasian plates. The resulting Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous spreading led to the creation of transform faults and the formation of isolated carbonate outer-high platforms on continental blocks (e.g., Eratosthenes, Ionian Sea and around Apulia).

The subsequent influx of siliciclastic sediments due to the tilting of the Afro-Arabian shoulders and the initiation of Cenozoic (Dinaride-Albanide-Hellenide-Tauride) fold-and-thrust systems during the late Oligocene to early Miocene formed younger reservoirs. Subsequent marine isolation and evaporation during the Late Miocene led to the Messinian Salinity Crisis, when the Mediterranean dried up, before the rejuvenation of clastic systems were in the Late Neogene in response to northward drainage off the African continent (Nile Delta). Moreover, continued collision led to the creation of Syrian Arc structures and a neotectonic overlay that includes northward-directed subduction beneath Greece (Hellenic Trench) and Cyprus.

Given this geological complexity and the play diversity that results, it is timely to follow up on the success of the workshop held in Malta with one focused on the key elements of regional geology and its controls on prospectivity. The idea is to do this in a holistic way and seek to compare,

contrast, link and synthesize the geology across international borders.

The workshop will examine a series of themes and topics that include the challenges of seismic acquisition and how state-of-the-art geophysics can be best deployed to visualize the structure, stratigraphy and sedimentology of the petroleum reservoir fairways that lie beneath the Messinian evaporites. It also consider how modern seismic and drilling techniques can be deployed safely with the maximum consideration for the environment in offshore waters, yet obtain a social licence to operate.

As well as the programme of talks, the workshop will provide an opportunity for delegates to go into the field in and around the Gulf of Corinth to view the Neogene to Recent (neotectonic) history of an evolving rift, the lessons from which are relevant to prospective extensional basins.

We look forward to welcoming you to Greece for the workshop for which registration remains open until 11 November.

EAGE would like to thank our Sponsors, Total, Hellenic Petroleum and ION Geophysical, for their support at this Workshop.

Further details on the meeting can be accessed via the link to the event website, on our calendar of events: events.eage.org.

EAGE Education Calendar 17 OCT

EAGE EDUCATION TOUR 13, BY IAN JONES

STAVANGER, NORWAY

23-24 OCT

EDUCATION DAYS OSLO: MULTIPLE SHORT COURSES PROGRAMME

OSLO, NORWAY

25 OCT

EAGE EDUCATION TOUR 13, BY IAN JONES

LISBON, PORTUGAL

26-27 NOV

EDUCATION DAYS AMSTERDAM: MULTIPLE SHORT COURSES PROGRAMME

AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS

4 NOV

EAGE EDUCATION TOUR 13, BY IAN JONES

THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS

12-15 NOV

EDUCATION DAYS HOUSTON

HOUSTON, USA

17 NOV

EAGE EDUCATION TOUR 13, BY IAN JONES

LAGOS, NIGERIA

18-22 NOV

EDUCATION DAYS MOSCOW: MULTIPLE SHORT COURSES PROGRAMME

MOSCOW, RUSSIA

27-20 NOV

EDUCATION DAYS AMSTERDAM: MACHINE LEARNING PROGRAMME

AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS

FOR MORE INFORMATION AND REGISTRATION PLEASE VISIT WWW.EAGE.ORG AND WWW.LEARNINGGEOSCIENCE.ORG.

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EAGE NEWS

ModelVision Magnetic & Gravity Interpretation System All sensors Processing 3D modelling 3D inversion Visualisation Analysis Utilities

Inaugural ProGREss 2019 in Sochi means business

Minerals Petroleum Near Surface Government Contracting Consulting Education

Marine station - port of Sochi.

Tensor Research

In a new initiative, EAGE is to hold the inaugural ‘ProGREss 2019 - Exploration as a Business’ conference, to be held in Sochi, Russia on 5–8 November 2019.

For the first time an event will bring together top geology experts and management of oil and gas companies to solve business problems and find exploration solutions.

The speakers will be acknowledged experts and representatives of related government agencies and significant Russian and international companies.

Representatives from the following companies have already confirmed their participation: Shell, Repsol, Total, IPA, Rystad Energy, Schlumberger, PetroTrace, Rosneft, Gazprom neft, NOVATEK, Tatneft, Wintershall, NIS, Belorusneft, Bashneft-Dobycha, Irkutsk Oil Company, VNIGNI (All-Russian Research Geological Oil Institute), OMV and others.

The main sponsors of the conference are PetroTrace and Schlumberg-

support@tensor-research.com.au www.tensor-research.com.au Tel:

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Tensor1019.indd 1

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er. Gazprom neft is the general partner of the event.

The programme is being based on relevant topics identified after a survey among Russian oil and gas company managers and exploration professionals. More than 100 abstracts from 10 different countries have been received.

Topics include New Technologies, Best Practices, Digitalization and Business approaches in Oil and Gas Exploration.

In addition to the scientific programme, a geological trip ‘Carbonate and Clastic Sedimentation, Jurassic and Oligocene Petroleum Systems of Sochi-Adler Depression’ will be organized for the participants on 8 November.

Please fill the registration form online on www.eage.org to register for the event. All registered participants are offered special accommodation prices.

Deadline for pre-registration is 25 October 2019.

The conference programme as well as the information about the round tables and discussions can be found on the website.

EAGE NEWS

Entry time for student team Laurie Dake Challenge 2020 Notice for students! You should already be considering the formation of a team to enter the Laurie Dake Challenge 2020 organized by the EAGE Student Fund (ESF). The contest will once again invite university students to work on a cross-disciplinary geoscience and engineering integration challenge. The finalists will compete for the title and a prize of €2000 at the EAGE Annual 2020 in Amsterdam.

For 2020, the data set for the competition will be provided by Shell, based on a discovered hydrocarbon resource. There are several stages: (1) an exploration round;(2) an intermediate deliverable of the field development plan; and, (3) the final presentation of the field development plan. If you are keen to get involved, make sure to follow the EAGE Student Fund blogs and students social media updates.

A first tip to get ready is to aim for a diverse team. For example, the IFP School team which won in 2019 defined themselves as both multi-cultural (students from Venezuela, France, Brazil and Argentina), as well as multi-disciplinary in gathering one geologist, one geophysicist, two reservoir engineers and one petroleum engineer.

They were able to produce a workflow which aimed to build an integrated development plan, from the geological study to the design of the subsea facilities, while assessing the economics of the project and taking into account potential additional prospects in the immediate surroundings. The team was able to apply the skills acquired in various training programmes at IFP School.

For those wanting to get involved, a full guide can be found in the Octo-

Winners’ cheque on display.

IFP team in the school.

ber 2017 issue of First Break (p. 12).

All submissions will be checked for plagiarism, and will be reviewed by the EAGE Student Affairs Committee.

Authors of the 10 best submissions will be selected to work on the second stage: only six of those will get a spot in the finals, and receive three travel grants per team, to go to the 2020 EAGE Annual in Amsterdam.

Each university team should include 3-5 full-time geoscience and petroleum engineering students, with a maximum of one PhD student per team. Now is the time to enter the Challenge! Online applications for the Laurie Dake Challenge 2020 open on 13 October 2019. For details, please go to: https://students.eage.org/en/laurie-dakechallenge/how-to-participate

EAGE Student Calendar 13 OCT

LAURIE DAKE APPLICATION

ONLINE

28 OCT - 1 NOV

X GEOPHYSICAL WEEK

SALVADOR, BRAZIL

29 OCT

EAGE GEO-QUIZ

KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA

FOR MORE INFORMATION AND REGISTRATION PLEASE CHECK THE STUDENT SECTION AT WWW.EAGE.ORG

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EAGE NEWS

Kaliningrad conference advances discussion on horizontal wells

CONFERENCE

REPORT

Kaliningrad hosted the best attended conference yet on Horizontal Wells on 27-31 May, bigger than the previous events in Moscow (2015) and Kazan (2017). Vladimir Vorobev, chairman of the Organizing Committee and geology manager at Gazpromneft-Geo reports.

The event brought together 170 geologists, geophysicists and petroleum engineers representing both Russian and international petroleum companies to participate in a scientific programme of six sessions, 74 reports, two lecture courses, debates, a round table and a geological field workshop.

Each session included scientific reports delivered by leading experts from universities, research institutions, petroleum and service companies.

Before the plenary session, participants had an opportunity to attend the keynotes delivered by N. Kayurov of SPE Looch and I. Kuvaev of ROGII. They spoke about the application of well operations monitoring and mud logging data in petrophysics, geomechanics and geonavigation and also about modern approaches to geonavigation.

Such subjects as well operations monitoring and geonavigation became topical and were often discussed during the sessions as well as on the sidelines.

Following the keynotes, there were presentations by M. Novikov, director of the EAGE Moscow office; V. Vorobev, chairman of the Organizing Committee and representative of Gazpromneft-Geo; and G. Erokhin, director of the Research Institute of Applied Informatics and Mathematical Geophysics of Immanuel Kant, Baltic Federal University.

The Geophysical and Hydrodynamic Studies and Monitoring of Paying Horizontal Wells session was devoted to searching for new ways of obtaining reliable reservoir information. According to the participants, the most informative reports in this section were delivered by I. Novikov (‘Modern Technologies for Monitoring of Paying Horizontal Wells: Comparing the Effectiveness of Methods, Technologies and Approaches’); M. Kremenetsky (Gazpromneft ‘Experience in Development of FT Techniques in Horizontal Wells’); and R. Sharfutdinov (‘On Using Heat Sources 10

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in Horizontal Wells for Pay Section Detection’).

The Horizontal Well Approach in Reservoir and Production Engineering session was built around optimizing petroleum production. Popular reports in this section were delivered by A. Glebov (‘Horizontal Wells as a Key to Undersaturated Reservoirs of the Vikulov Formation of the Krasnoleninsk Field’) and D. Tengelidy (‘Retrospective Field Analysis as a Tool to Form Additional Site Appraisal Programme for Timely Business Solutions at Early Stages of Big Projects’).

The Drilling Technologies, BHT, RIW, WO and Well Killing session was devoted to issues such as working with a borehole and a near-wellbore formation for forming, preserving or/and restoring of the borehole/formation interrelation. Well received reports were those by V. Karpov (‘Our Experience in Applying of Flexible TBGs when Working with Difficult Oil in Western Siberia’) and D. Partyko (‘Cuttings Transport Monitoring for Better Cleaning of Inclined and Horizontal Wells’).

The Petrophysics session was devoted to obtaining exact data about a geological section in the vicinity of a horizontal well.

Papers generating significant discussion were delivered by V. Vorobev (‘Application of Mud Logging Data While Drilling Horizontal Wells in Changeable Sections of the Terrogenic Horizons of Eastern Siberia’); E. Shkunov (‘Practical Aspects of Logging Data Interpretation for Horizontal Wells’) and E. Karpekin (‘Seismo-acoustic Investigation in Horizontal Wells to Study Fractured Reservoirs’).

The Hydraulic Fracturing in Horizontal Wells session was devoted to measurements and investigations of wells after multistage fracturing. Best reports here were by K. Saprykina (‘Marker Diagnostics of Horizontal Wells in Western Siberia’) and A. Bukharova (‘Development of the Achb Object of the Imilor Field

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Horizontal Wells 2019 conference hall.

Using Multi-Zone Hydraulic Fracturing: Problems and Technological Solutions).

Traditionally the Geonavigation session has the biggest number of reports delivered. The presentation by V.Nemova (‘Geonavigation While Drilling Horizontal Sidetracked Wells in the Upper-Jurassic Deposits Of Western Siberia’) was acknowledged to be the best.

Interesting and stimulating discussions took place during the round table devoted to heterogeneous data integration moderated by T. Rakhimov and V. Kolesov. A further discussion regarding the application and future perspectives on boundary mappers while drilling horizontal wells in the main Russian petroleum basins was moderated by K. Kudashov. The discussions generated a move at the end of the conference to establish an industrial taskforce to introduce a geonavigation difficulty index (GDI). This will become a basis for a new classification for horizontal wells.

The conference confirmed that a subsoil user pays more and more attention to the quality of the data obtained while drilling horizontal wells. For instance, Gazpromneft and Gazpromneft-Geo have started to change the culture of well operation monitoring in Russia. They made the point that proper monitoring ensures even long-time used technologies operate more effectively and safer. RRosneft and Novatek are moving in the same direction having introduced 3D well logging interpretation in horizontal wells.

The Horizontal Wells will be back in 2021.

EAGE NEWS

Prof Dr Reinhard Bortfeld, 1927-2019 Professor Reinhard Bortfeld was one of the first geoscientists to identify the significant role of multiple reflections in processing and, as such, became one of the fathers of amplitude-versus-offset (AVO) methods.

The Bortfeld approximation of reflection coefficients in 1961 is a classic and oft-cited paper. He was also known for his general works on wave propagation and range-dependent amplitude attributes in layered media which finally led to amplitude preserving, processing and imaging.

His research on second-order approximations of traveltimes led to a data-driven approach to describe the kinematics of wavefields exploiting the full redundancy of 3D reflection data. This work influences current developments on wavefront oriented processing, imaging and inversion.

Educated in mathematics at the University of Göttingen, Germany, Bortfeld graduated with a state exam in 1950 and completed his PhD in 1951.

From 1952 to 1962 he worked for Mobil Oil at Celle, Germany. As head of research and development at Prakla-Seismos in Hannover, Germany, until 1975, he helped to pioneer digital data and signal analysis, computers, and digital processing. Heading the data processing centre at Prakla-Seismos, he advanced the use of computers in exploration geophysics and gave presentations and courses at oil companies, government institutions and universities all over the world.

In 1975 he joined the Koninklijke Shell Exploratie en Produktie Laboratorium in Rijswijk, The Netherlands, leading a group of international research scientists. He is fondly remembered at Shell, where some of his work is still being actively used.

In 1980 Bortfeld accepted a position as university professor at Clausthal University. Here, he established an educational programme of lectures, exercises and seminars on mix theory.

His students considered it ‘extremely cool’ when Bortfeld gave his lectures in a cross-country skiing suit so that he could hit the tracks of the nearby Harz mountains after delivering his lecture.

From 1983 Bortfeld was in charge of the processing centre for the German conti-

nental reflection project (Deutsches Kontinentales Reflexionsprogramm, DEKORP).

The centre started with a computer system donated by Mobil Oil which was later succeeded by a larger system financed by public funding. The programme attracted substantial external funds and donations to the university. Here, generations of students and PhD students learnt ‘hands on’ processing from changing of tapes to programming of seismic processes and applying these to field data.

Bortfeld was recognized with EAGE’s Conrad Schlumberger Award in 1960, and SEG’s Reginals Fessenden Award in 1989.

He also served as president of the European Association of Exploration Geoscientists (now European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers) in 1974, and occupied various other honorary professional positions.

Former colleagues fondly recall his warmth and kindness. He leaves a legacy of scientific work and the many geoscientists he helped to nurture. He is survived by his wife Monika and their children, Thomas and Ina. Professor Dr Reinhard Bortfeld was born on 25 February, 1927. He died on 10 July, 2019, aged 92.

Make sure you are part of a Local Chapter near you After a Summer break, our Local Chapters (LCs) are back in action with new meetings and projects. For example, last month was busy for most chapters, notably, a double event in London (evening technical lectures with Ali Karagul and Tony Martin) and in Delft (networking with the community) both on 26 September.

For all groups it is time to think of the activities for the next year and guide members to renew their subscriptions for 2020. If you have ideas for new projects,

then get in touch with your LC team: in the coming weeks we will work together to plan ahead and your input will surely be appreciated.

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If you are not part of a LC, joining is as easy as becoming an EAGE member.

Find the closest group via lc-eage.org and connect. If there is no chapter in your vicinity, why not seize the chance to gather a group of at least 10 colleagues and peers to apply for a new LC. New and existing LCs can also request up to 10 sponsored student memberships to encourage the younger members of their community to get involved: a great way to start the new academic year, for sure.

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First workshop coming on distributed optical fibre sensing for reservoir and production monitoring EAGE is to hold a first Workshop on Fibre Optic Sensing for Reservoir and Production Monitoring on 9-11 March 2020 in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Co-chair of the event Mahmoud Farhadiroushan, co-founder, Silixa, explains why interest is growing in the E&P oil and gas industry.

Figure 1 (a) Distributed Optical Fibre Sensor based on Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR), (b) Rayleigh, Brillouin and Raman backscatter spectrum.

Distributed optical sensors can provide wide coverage for monitoring dynamic fluid movements along the wellbore and for acquiring high resolution seismic images deep down in the reservoir. The optical fibre acts as a dense array of sensors with a wide aperture to monitor the temperature, strain and acoustic energy distributions.

Multiple fibres can be housed within a cable and deployed in different configurations to offer novel methods to acquire data continuously downhole.

Measurement principle The principle operation of the majority of distributed optical fibre sensors is based on Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR). As indicated in Figure 1, a tiny fraction of the incident light is backscattered towards the optoelectronic interrogator unit as a laser pulse travels through the fibre.

The distributed temperature sensor (DTS) utilizes the very weak inelastic Raman backscatter light resulting from interaction of the incident light pulse with molecular lattice thermal vibrations energy along the fibre. A resolution of down to 0.01oC with sub-metre spatial resolution can be achieved over 10 km of fibre. The DTS can be used for production profiling by characterizing the heating 12

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and/or cooling effects resulting from the inflow/outflow temperature variations at different depths along the wellbore.

The distributed strain sensor (DSS) uses the inelastic Brillouin backscatter light where the incident light interacts with acoustic phonon energy in the fibre.

The frequency of the Brillouin backscatter light varies with strain and temperature.

Compensating for the temperature effect, the strain profile can be measured along the fibre. The DSS can provide a resolution of several mirostrain (με) with spatial resolution of several metres. One application is subsidence monitoring where the

fibre is installed behind the casing and cemented to the formation.

The phase coherent Distributed Acoustic Sensor (DAS) is based on digital detection of elastic Rayleigh backscatter resulting from small built-in inhomogeneous variations of the refractive index along the fibre. The DAS measures the dynamic strain perturbations down to sub nano-strain (nε) along the fibre which are induced by acoustic vibration energy. The system can be used as a continuous dense array of acoustic sensors with a wide aperture. The DAS system has a wide range of applications for inwell monitor-

Figure 2 Examples of the sensing cable deployment and seismic data acquisitions for different well conditions.

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Figure 3 Microseismic events recoded over a wide detection aperture of the precision Engineered Acoustic Sensor (EAS).

ing including production profiling, sand and leak detection, as well as active and passive seismic data acquisition.

Installations methods The small diameter, rugged fibre optic sensing cable can be deployed in different configurations as indicated in Figure 2. The flowing well conditions may be adjusted while recording the data simultaneously to characterize the well production profile and/or acquire seismic data. The fibre can be used to listen to the flow noise across the perforated zones, and the acoustic energy and the spectra response may be used to characterize the flowing conditions. In addition, using a phase array processing technique, we can determine the speed of sound in up-going and down-going directions. The fluid properties may be determined from the average speed of sound, and the fluid

velocity may be calculated by determining the doppler shift experienced between up-going and down-going sound waves.

The optical fibre can withstand high temperatures and permanent installation offers many practical benefits for continuous production monitoring, passive seismic and seismic acquisition on-demand. Distributed Acoustic Sensing can provide higher resolution 3D VSP images near the wellbore than ocean bottom seismic, enabling better placement of infill wells, side-tracks or new perforations. Since the fibre is permanently installed low-cost, regular, repeat seismic acquisition is possible and time-lapse VSP seismic images can reveal changes within the reservoir.

Precision Engineered Acoustic Sensor (EAS) The DAS systems usually utilize single-mode fibres. However, more recently, precision an Engineered Acoustic Sensor (EAS) utilizing a sensing fibre with bright scatter centres has been demonstrated to provide significantly improvements in sensitivity by 100x (20 dB). Figure 3 shows the capturing of multiple microseismicw events over the wide aperture of the engineered fibre extending all the way to the surface.

We encourage you to contribute to the technical programme of the First EAGE Workshop on Fibre Optic Sensing for Reservoir and Production Monitoring. The deadline to submit extended abstracts is 8 December 2019. For more information on the submission topics and guidelines, please check out the event website via our calendar of events: events.eage.org.

Figure 4 Long-offset subsea wells monitoring using Engineered Acoustic Sensor (EAS).

The EAS also provides a new platform for acquiring high resolution seismic images in deep water subsea wells. As indicated in Figure 4, the downhole engineered fibre can be connected to existing fibres in the umbilical (up to 30 km) and the optoelectronics interrogator unit can be installed on a topside facility.

In addition, using optical amplification techniques (controlling light with light), the operating range can be extended to long-offset subsea wells over 100 km.

Conclusion Distributed fibre optic sensing technology provides a new powerful tool for continuous high-resolution mapping of the subsurface.

The EAGE Student Fund supports activities that help bridge the gap between the university and professional environments for students of geosciences and engineering. Thanks to our Student Fund contributors we can continue supporting students around the globe and through this securing the future of our industry. For more information to become a Student Fund contributor, please visit eagestudentfund.org or contact us at students@eage.org.

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Clearing skies for drones The disturbing attack on oil-related facilities in Saudi Arabia company Ehang, and have talked up its smart city credentials. was an unwanted reminder of the dark side of unmanned aerial Uber and others are also investing heavily to explore this market. vehicles (UAVs) or drones. Their development over the last More mundane applications of drones have already crept into century has until very recently been almost exclusively focused many business applications, originally focused on the benefits of on military applications. easily accessed aerial photography. Over time a technology revolution in component miniaturization, robotics and communications The so-called Kettering Bug, named after its inventor Charles F. Kettering, was designed as an aerial flying torpedo at the have enabled a range of sensors to be deployed that vastly increase request of the US Army in 1917. Its purpose was to deliver bombs the scope of surveys from the air that can provide new opportunibeyond the range of field artillery and as such is usually credited ties, efficiencies, improved safety, etc. A list of current activities as achieving the first landmark in the evolution of pilotless planes. in which drones have already provided significant benefits would Today’s targeted ‘drone strikes’ by forces around the world are a include geographic mapping and modelling, structural inspection direct descendant of this military strategy and a cause of dread for and monitoring, agricultural crops management, law enforcement, many vulnerable communities. Equally significant has been the search and rescue, weather forecasting, plus photography and deployment of UAVs as a sophisticated surveillance device for filming in numerous contexts. spying undetected from the air on countries and individuals.

This begs the question of how useful the UAV can be for geoscientific endeavour. Attaching photogrammetric devices and There is hope, however, in that we may have reached a tipping point: the sinister chapter in the development of drones is rapidly other sensor equipment to drones has long made sense. It provides giving way to an explosion in more beneficial an otherwise unattainable perspective on terrain for a variety of geological and geophysical commercial applications. The market in easily ‘Full potential of operated, low-cost drones for recreational purinvestigations. poses is already well established. The focus is drone applications in Yet, there is a suspicion that the full increasingly on the higher margin adaptation of geoscience has yet to potential of drone applications in geoscience drones for specific business activities, many of has yet to be realized. This must of course be be realized’ which the average person is probably unaware. a motivation behind the EAGE’s inaugural Drone news headlines have been domworkshop on UAVs being held in Toulouse inated by the huge investment bets being made by the likes of on 2-4 December with the emphasis on the oil and gas industry.

Google, Amazon and Uber in goods delivered to the doorstep and Suggested topics for the event include ‘platform technology, transportation. Although Amazon’s chief Jeff Bezos was the first remote sensing, automated image analysis and processing, 3D to seriously moot the idea, Google’s parent company Alphabet has modelling, sensor and communication technology, European civil the first pilot of a commercial delivery service up and running in aviation regulations and specific application to oil and gas industry Canberra, Australia through its Wing division. Feedback so far processes’. has focused on the noise in the neighbourhood, which is being The venue of Toulouse and choice of Total as event sponsor addressed. Surprisingly, orders for an immediate serving of hot are scarcely a coincidence. Five years ago as part of the company’s coffee have been the most popular request.

Earth Imaging research programme, the company indicated its Meantime, two years ago Dubai authorities carried out testing interest in UAVs by launching a revolutionary approach to land of a ride-hailing autonomous vehicle, produced by the Chinese seismic data acquisition worthy of science fiction. By now the

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geoscience community is aware of the Multiphysics Exploration dropping mechanism was able to automatically take off and travel Technology Integrated System (METIS) concept and its first over 4 km across mountainous terrain and drop the six nodes using RTK positioning at the exact prescribed locations. successful trial in Papua New Guinea (PNG).

Total was frustrated by the logistics, cost, HSE issues and It is notable that these potential game-changers in land seismic lengthy cycle times involved in acquiring high-quality 3D data acquisition arise out of the initiative and funding from super-majors. This is a reversal of the R&D over the past two decades that utilizing conventional land seismic technology, particularly in hard-to-access areas. With a number of partners, it decided to go has almost entirely been devolved to contractors and equipment back to basics in search of methodologies and new technologies manufacturers. The two most obvious successes have been the wireless node-based acquisition systems and the massive channel and came up with the extraordinary solution. The major novelty count cable systems deployed in desert regions, both rendering is the dropping of sensors as DARTS (Downfall Air Receiver significant cost savings and efficiencies to oil company operations.

Technology) from a fleet of drones on to predetermined locations.

Up to now use of drones has not been on the radar because Real time recording is achieved based on the high-speed, real-time there is precious little money for research available in a hard radio telemetry system developed by Wireless Seismic. As a furpressed business such as land seismic acquisition, and the return ther innovation, the DART units are intended to be biodegradable on investment is not clear. Nor has the need been obvious. The leaving no lasting environmental footprint. In the same vein, it potential for using drones for pre- and post-survey planning, is planned to introduce an airship in full-scale projects to move safety, security and environmental documentation issues has not heavy equipment with minimal ground level disruption. really taken off. Because blind shooting with nodes has become The proof of concept in late 2017 involved a survey conducted the preferred option for land surveys, at least in North America, in the challenging rain forest foothills of PNG. Among other things, there seemed a possibility to interrogate them during operation it was designed to show the system could meet the environmental for QC purposes. This has not caught on yet (although this may limitations of working in one of the least explored and inaccessible change in time). areas on the planet. During the three-week The Toulouse workshop will doubtless operational time, around 100 DARTs were ‘Drone operations are discuss the extraordinary extra geological dropped through gaps in the nearly impenetrable vegetation and forest. In 250,000 man- having an impact on insights possible for oil and gas explorationists hours, there were no safety incidents. geology education by mounting cameras or sensors on a drone, adding usefully to the growing library of data A presentation on the results at the EAGE and training’ on this topic.

Annual Meeting in 2018 reported that the pilot Drone operations are already having an demonstrated successful dropping of seismic impact on geology education and training. Students don’t even receivers from the air with an UAV (beyond line of sight), good have to be on site to examine outcrops, for example. Even if they penetration and coupling of most of the DARTs after a free fall are on location, there is no need to physically climb around the drop, and the reliability of the wireless real-time recording system whole geological feature when a drone is handy to do the job. in a dense jungle environment. The future vision is to upscale so Better still the drone may often be able to provide a wider horizon that several thousands DARTs released deployed by a swarm of for viewing and analysing rock formations.

UAVs can cover a bigger survey area. A seismic source designed Optimism about the value of drones to geoscience has to be to do 3D imagery of the overburden would be part of the project. tempered. Current restrictions are stifling development. This is The METIS team say that much of the productivity gain from the explicitly acknowledged by both Total and Shell. The payloads drone operated ‘carpet recording’ strategy is only valid if recovery allowable, flying beyond line of sight and operating in proximity of the receivers is not needed. This is why research is continuing to to communities are all rules that have to be clarified. develop an eco-friendly DART. The Middle East desert is thought As of July next year, a new EU regulatory framework for to be the location for the next pilot. every category of drone operation comes into force, applicable Shell has also been studying drone assisted seismic acquisition to all member countries. The US Federal Aviation Administration in challenging areas. As a first step, the company has developed (FAA) and numerous other countries are wrestling with the same a drone seismic node transportation system able to carry seven issues. The common goal is to accommodate the privacy, security nodes to 1 km range in less than 10 minutes cycle time including and environmental concerns of private citizens and local comlanding, replacing the payload and battery change. The idea is munities, while implementing an unmanned traffic management to reduce the requirement for mountaineers or other line crew to system for drone operations in low-level airspace, beyond visual make long excursions from their support vehicles. line of sight and over congested areas. That is a so far unresolved Terra Drone Europe has reported carrying out several tests for challenge, unsurprising when they still don’t exactly know what Shell PDO in Oman to evaluate the use of drones in the dropping they’re dealing with. of seismic sensors. Earlier this year the selected drone and

Views expressed in Crosstalk are solely those of the author, who can be contacted at andrew@andrewmcbarnet.com.

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HIGHLIGHTS

INDUSTRY NEWS

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Equinor signs carbon capture agreements

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UK releases full set of seismic maps of its waters The final set of geological maps from the UK Oil and Gas Authority’s UK Continental Shelf Regional Geological Maps project have been released.

The maps, produced by Lloyd’s Register, mark the culmination of a threeyear project, which has delivered a set of digital, regional geological maps and associated databases for all the UK’s offshore basins – delivering a key action identified in the UK government-commissioned Wood Review into the country’s oil and gas industry.

The final geographic series covers the West of Shetlands, Rockall Trough, Irish Sea and Cardigan Bay. In addition, a single merged set of maps and databases for the whole of the UKCS is now available, combining each of the individual geographic areas, published on a rolling basis throughout the duration of the project.

Although the UKCS Regional Geological Maps project data is public domain

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data, the project has benefited from several additional third-party data sources, used to help inform the final maps and/or derive the interpreted products. These include UK data from CGG, TGS, PGS and the BGS (British Geological Survey) plus cross-border data from the PAD (Petroleum Affairs Division, Ireland), TNO (Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research) and Jardfeingi (Faroese Geological Survey). The project has also benefited from collaboration with research teams from Heriot-Watt University, the University of Aberdeen and Durham University.

The full set of maps and data included in this release can be downloaded using the links below. The products are available in both ArcGIS and Open Source formats.

Meanwhile, the OGA has released the final deliverables from the two-year post-doctoral Frontier Basins Research Rockall Trough project that was completed by the University of Aberdeen earlier this year.

The University of Aberdeen research project has produced a regional seismic interpretation based on the OGA’s released 2D and legacy seismic data plus a detailed well look-back audit and final project report that presents a series of play element maps. The project also provides some new insights into the petroleum system in the Rockall Trough area to the north-west of the UK by bringing together the findings of other research projects carried out in adjacent areas.

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The data have been released under the OGA User Licence Agreement and all copyright for the products is held by the University of Aberdeen.

Links to the OGA’s full set of geological maps can be found below West of Shetlands & Rockall Trough • ArcGIS version: https://dataogauthority.blob.core.windows.net/ external/DataReleases/GeologicalMaps/ WoS_ArcGIS.zip • Open Source version: https://dataogauthority.blob.core.windows.net/ external/DataReleases/GeologicalMaps/ WoS_OS.zip East Irish Sea & Cardigan Bay • ArcGIS version: https://dataogauthority.blob.core.windows.net/ external/DataReleases/GeologicalMaps/ EIS_CB_ArcGIS.zip • Open Source version: https://dataogauthority.blob.core.windows.net/ external/DataReleases/GeologicalMaps/ EIS_CB_OS.zip UKCS Merged Maps • ArcGIS version: https://dataogauthority.blob.core.windows.net/ external/DataReleases/GeologicalMaps/ UKCS_Merged_ArcGIS.zip • Open Source version: https://dataogauthority.blob.core.windows.net/ external/DataReleases/GeologicalMaps/ UKCS_Merged_OS.zip

INDUSTRY NEWS

Shearwater completes 3D survey in Southern North Sea Shearwater Geoservices has completed a broadband 3D seismic survey extending to approx 420 km2 over the Pensacola Prospect on Licence P2252 in the Southern North Sea for clients Cluff Natural Resources and operating partner Shell.

The vessel Polar Empress completed the 17-day survey on time on 21 August.

The data is now being processed, along with the existing legacy dataset, to prestack depth migration (‘PSDM’). Final results are expected to be received by early Q3 2020, although some interim results may be available before this date.

Under the terms of the farm-in agreement, Shell is paying 100% of the costs of the seismic acquisition, processing and interpretation work programme until the end of 2020 or until a well investment decision is made. A decision on the contingent well commitment is expected to be taken in the second half of 2020.

Cluff holds a 30% non-operated interest in Licence P2252 and the Pensacola prospect which is estimated to contain gross P50 Prospective Resources of 309 BCF in an untested Zechstein Reef.

Graham Swindells, chief executive of Cluff, said: ‘The PSDM datasets represent a key step towards the drilling of an

exploration well on the Pensacola prospect and we look forward to receiving the final products in due course. While awaiting delivery of the newly acquired seismic data, we continue to work with Shell on licence P2437 as we progress the Selene prospect towards a drilling decision.’

CNOOC reports first half profit of $4.2 billion CNOOC has reported record exploration and production levels in the first six months of 2019 with 16 oil and gas discoveries and 35 successful appraisal wells drilled.

Among them, the appraisal well of Bozhong 19-6 condensate gas field in Bohai, China added proved in-place volumes exceeding 100 million tonnes of oil equivalent. In Stabroek block of Guyana, three new discoveries were made and the recoverable resources were further

expanded to more than 6 billion barrels of oil equivalent (boe). Meanwhile the Glengorm discovery in the North Sea announced at the beginning of the year has proven to be one of the largest oil and gas discoveries in UK in the past decade.

A net production of 243 million boe in the first half of the year represents an increase of 2.1% year on year. The Egina oilfield, Huizhou 32-5 oilfield and the Appomattox project have successfully

commenced production in the first half of the year.

CNOOC’s all-in-cost fell below $30 per boe, reaching $28.99, representing a decrease of 8.9% year on year. The company’s capital expenditure was $4.7 billion, representing an increase of 60.5% year on year. Oil and gas sales reached $13.15 biillion, representing a year-onyear increase of 4.4%; net profits amounted to $4.2 billion for the first half of the year.

AGS wins OBN contract offshore Brazil Axxis Geo Solutions (AGS) has won a $4 million contract for source work in Brazil with SAExploration. The initial contract is for a minimum of three vessel months.

The source vessel, Neptune Naiad, is owned by AGS and will be transferred

from the North Sea for commencement of Ocean Bottom Node (OBN) operations in Brazil in October. The Neptune Naiad is a dual and triple source vessel that has worked continuously on OBN projects since mid-2017.

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TGS and Schlumberger reimage Red Sea 3D data TGS and Schlumberger have completed a 3D seismic reimaging project in the Egyptian Red Sea. The project comprises reimaging data from three overlapping seismic surveys totalling 3600 km² that were acquired between 1999 and 2008 – the only available 3D data in this part of the Red Sea. It includes the integration of all legacy seismic and non-seismic data and will apply advanced imaging technologies to better define complex subsalt structures.

The project will be carried out by TGS and WesternGeco, the geophysical services product line of Schlumberger.

Data was available before Egypt’s offshore Red Sea international licensing round closed on 15 September, 2019.

Kristian Johansen, CEO of TGS, said: ‘The Red Sea 3D reimaging project follows a multi-client 2D seismic acquisition programme that was completed in March 2018 as the initial step in mitigating the complex salt imaging challenges in the area. The underexplored offshore

Egyptian Red Sea area is made up of large, untested structures that offer growth opportunities for oil companies.’

TGS and Schlumberger have a longterm commitment with the Egypt Ministry of Petroleum and South Valley Egyptian

CGG revenue set for big increase CGG has reported that its third quarter 2019 segment revenue is expected to be above $350 million, based on strong multi-client sales in the range of $160m (including transfer fees) and ‘steady demand for geoscience technology and equipment’.

As a result CGG is raising its fullyear 2019 guidance. Its 2019 segment revenue is expected to increase by more than 10% year on year with segment EBITDA margin around 50% and segment operating income of around $200 million. The company will generate positive net cash flow this year, for the first time since 2012.

Meanwhile, CGG has started acquisition of Nebula 3D long-offset BroadSeis survey in the Campos and Santos Basins, offshore Brazil.

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is being acquired by the Geo Caribbean and a portion of the survey will provide 3D data coverage where no other 3D data currently exists. CGG Geoscience’s Subsurface Imaging Centre in Rio will deliver images of pre-salt structures in these prolific basins.

Dechun Lin, EVP, Multi-Client & New Ventures, CGG, said: ‘CGG has the industry’s most extensive multi-client data library in Brazil. Nebula will further expand our vast contiguous volume of data in the Santos and Campos Basins.’

Finally, BHP has commissioned CGG to perform a large-scale seismic imaging project in the offshore Orphan Basin in Eastern Canada.

The company will employ its FWI and least-squares migration algorithms over the entire survey area of more than 10,000 km².

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Petroleum Holding Company (GANOPE) to acquire and process seismic data and promote the prospectivity of the Egyptian Red Sea. GANOPE is responsible for managing Egypt’s hydrocarbon resource potential under latitude line 28°.

AGS starts largest 3D survey in Israel Acoustic Geophysical Services (AGS) is carrying out what is believed to be the largest high-density land 3D seismic survey ever performed in Israel.

Client Zion Oil and Gas signed a deal with AGS, an international seismic company based in Budapest, to perform the 3D survey on its 99,000acre Megiddo-Jezreel licence area.

The geophysical survey crew has mobilized and the landowner permitting process is complete. Zion’s COO, Robert Dunn said. ‘Barring any unforeseen circumstances, we expect the equipment to be on location within the first few weeks of September.

US-based Zion Oil and Gas reported in February 2018 that it had encountered oil at the Megiddo-Jezreel licence area.

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INDUSTRY NEWS

Equinor signs carbon capture agreements Equinor has agreed with seven European companies to develop value chains in carbon capture and storage on the Northern Lights project to store carbon on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS).

Memoranda of understanding have been signed with, Air Liquide, Arcelor Mittal, Ervia, Fortum Oyj, HeidelbergCement AG, Preem, and Stockholm Exergi to co-operate on possible CO2 handling at relevant third-party premises and on transport to Equinor’s Northern Lights project.

The agreement covers evaulating solutions for CO2 deliveries and transport; developing a timeline for possible final investment decision and start of operations; and co-operating on CCS dialogue with national authorities and the EU. In co-operation with Shell and Total, Equinor is developing the Northern Lights project. The scheme includes transport, reception and permanent storage of CO2 in a reservoir in the northern part of the North Sea and is part of the Norway’s demonstration project: ‘Full-scale CO2 handling chain in Norway’.

‘Carbon capture and storage will be vital to reach the global climate goals of the Paris Agreement. Sustainable carbon capture and storage projects can only be developed in co-operation between gov-

ernments and companies. We are therefore very pleased that the Northern Lights partners and leading European companies are taking the first steps to realize a European CO2 transport and storage system,’ said Eldar Sætre, president and CEO of Equinor.

Final binding commercial agreements will depend on positive investment decisions for the Northern Lights project, the Norwegian State’s full-scale carbon capture and storage project and for third-party projects.

The partners are currently reducing costs and further developing the Northern Lights project aiming for an investment

decision in 2020. ‘We are also co-operating with the authorities to establish a commercial framework enabling us to pursue the project,’ said Sverre Overå, project director for the Northern Lights project.

More than 150 people from Equinor, Total and Shell are currently involved in the Northern Lights project. At the end of 2019, the partnership plans to drill a confirmation well for CO2 storage in the Johansen formation covered by the Aurora licence (EL001) to study the reservoir’s suitability and capacity for CO2 storage.

Earlier this year the authorities decided to help fund the work on this well.

US Gulf of Mexico sales generates $160 million in bids The region-wide Gulf of Mexico Lease Sale 253 generated $159,386,761 in high bids for 151 tracts covering 835,006 acres in federal waters of the Gulf of Mexico.

Twenty seven companies participated in the lease sale, submitting $174,922,200 in all bids.

‘The total from today’s lease sale and the March sale is the highest since 2015 for high bids,’ said the Department of Interior’s deputy assistant secretary for land and minerals management Andrea Travnicek.

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Lease Sale 253 included 14,585 unleased blocks, located from three to 231 miles (4.8-372 km) offshore, in the Gulf’s Western, Central and Eastern Planning Areas in water depths ranging from nine to more than 11,115 feet (3 to 3400 m).

In recognition of current hydrocarbon price conditions and the marginal nature of remaining Gulf of Mexico shallow water resources, terms include a 12.5% royalty rate for leases in less than 200 m of water depth, and a royalty rate of 18.75% for all other leases issued under the sale.

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Lease Sale 253 was the fifth offshore sale held under the 2017-2022 National Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Leasing Programme.

Under this programme, ten regionwide lease sales are scheduled for the Gulf, where resource potential and industry interest are high, and oil and gas infrastructure is well established. Two Gulf lease sales will be held each year and include all available blocks in the combined Western, Central, and Eastern Gulf of Mexico Planning Areas.

INDUSTRY NEWS

TGS buys US well production database TGS has completed the acquisition of Lasser Inc., a Texas-based company which owns, maintains and licenses a nationwide US well production database.

The data will be added to TGS’ current well performance database and provides TGS clients access to previously unavailable historical production data. Clients can expect complete production histories, high-quality data, and forecasts, alongside completion data, which is allocated to each wellbore, said TGS.

TGS wins fiveyear data processing contract from US BSEE TGS has won a five-year contract for Digital Well Log Data Processing with the US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE), a federal agency tasked with overseeing offshore oil and gas activities.

BSEE requires complete, defectfree sets of processed, high-quality open-hole digital well log data and contracts companies to serve as an agent of BSEE for the processing, storage, and delivery of this data.

TGS is the official release agent for new offshore well data and does all the digital well log processing for all four BSEE regions (Gulf of Mexico, Pacific, Alaska, and Atlantic). The company has been providing Digital Well Log Data Processing services to BSEE since 2004.

The TGS well data library includes more than 1.6 million immediately available LAS files, as well as more than 6.2 million raster log images in the US.

Katja Akentieva, EVP onshore and well data at TGS, said: ‘Lasser’s vast well performance data library will further solidify TGS’ production data offering.

Now our customers will have the information they need, all in one place, to help estimate reserves and forecast reservoir performance, leading to better production overall. Our ability to apply the latest technology and analytics algorithms to our expansive

library of seismic, well and production data positions TGS to become the primary source for subsurface intelligence.’

TGS’ well database also includes more than 1,700,000 LAS digital wells in North America and 35 other countries worldwide.

TGS’ Analytics Ready LAS (ARLAS) coverage extends to 300,000+ wells in the Permian basin and 170,000+ wells in the Anadarko basin.

Shearwater wins two 3D projects in the Barents Sea

Shearwater Geoservices has won a contract to carry out an Isometrix seismic acquisition projects for Lundin and Spirit Energy Norway in the Barents Sea, Norway.

Both projects are Flexisource quadsource Isometrix projects with 50-m streamer separation which will deliver a true 3D deghosted high-resolution Isogrid dataset. The marine acquisition surveys will be carried out by the vessel Amazon Conqueror, starting in Q3.

Shearwater has a signed a mult-year master services agreement with Lundin which covers approximately 180 km2 at licence PL965 in the Barents Sea. The project for Spirit Energy covers 130 km2 and is at licence block PL962 in the Barents Sea.

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‘In addition to the unique Isometrix streamer technology, we have redesigned the source configuration down to a very small point source of only 1m by 3m. Combined with wide tow and four of the small focused sources, we believe we will obtain a super-high resolution image with almost zero-offsets as well as obtain accurate amplitude versus offset measurements for reservoir property prediction,’ said Per Eivind Dhelie, senior geophysicist at Lundin.

Mark Ackers, senior geophysicist at Spirit Energy, said: ‘This novel hybrid acquisition set-up, which combines elements from 3D marine and site-survey operations, will deliver a very high-resolution dataset that we believe will enable high fidelity imaging of our target.’

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INDUSTRY NEWS

Fugro completes second big geochemical campaign offshore Malaysia Fugro has completed the second of three Malaysian seep hunting and geochemical campaigns for Petronas offshore Malaysia.

The Fugro Equator cquired 15,000 km2 of multibeam echosounder (MBES) data providing bathymetry, backscatter intensity, and water column information offshore Sarawak.

More than 40 discreet water column anomalies, potential locations of active hydrocarbon seepage, were identified.

Using the MBES data in combination with more than 3600 line-km of sub-bottom profiler data, Fugro and Petronas geoscientists identified 350 locations for coring and geochemical analysis.

Meanwhile, Fugro Equinox mobilized on 29 May 2019 to target these locations: over the course of two months, 275 piston cores were acquired and more than 1600 near-real-time geochemical analyses – including headspace gas, total scanning fluorescence and extracted hydrocarbon gas chromatography (C15+) – were conducted. This targeted approach identifies precise seep locations quickly and accurately, which avoids unnecessary sampling locations and streamlines acquisition, said Fugro.

Following the Sarawak campaign, En Amiruddin Mansor, head of basin strategy and management, resource exploration,

Magseis wins low frequency source contract in Gulf of Mexico

Norway attracts more than 30 bidders for APA 2019

Magseis Fairfield has won a contract for operating a low-frequency source on a deepwater node survey in the Gulf of Mexico. The test source is specially designed to enable more efficient low-frequency data acquisition than traditional airguns.

Low frequencies will improve imaging in complex geological settings, and hence provide a basis for better understanding of the resource potential. The project is scheduled to last 30-40 days commencing in August 2019.

Meanwhile, Magseis Fairfield has won a contract to supply a Z700 node crew, which includes nodes, auxiliary equipment and service personnel for a six-month period in the Caspian Sea. The ocean bottom seimic contract will commence in the first quarter 2020 when the nodes will have been released from another survey.

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Norway has received applications from 33 oil companies in the licensing round Awards in Predefined Areas (APA) licensing round 2019. The Norwegian government said that the predefined area has been significantly expanded in both the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea during the preparation for this year’s licensing round. APA 2019 was announced May 29, OCTOBER

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Malaysia petroleum management at Petronas, said: ‘The onboard geochemical analyses were very helpful in providing early results to accelerate our project timeline. The results from these campaigns have all been positive and will enhance our open block’s attractiveness for future block promotion and exploration activities.’

The third seep hunting and geochemical campaign for Petronas will begin in Q3 2019 and will take place offshore Peninsular Malaysia in the Straits of Malacca. The first campaign was conducted offshore Sabah, Malaysia, and took place between December 2018 and March 2019.

2019. The Ministry’s objective is to award new production licenses in the announced areas at the beginning of 2020.

‘Both the number of applicant companies as well as the total number of applications are high, and at a level comparable to the last few years’ very large licensing rounds,’ said the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate.

INDUSTRY NEWS

UK shale may not be all its fracked up to be Previous projections of the potential amount of shale gas under the UK may have been significantly overestimated.

Instead of 50 years of gas at the current rate of consumption, the research suggests there are just 5-7 years’ supply, according to the latest study by Nottingham University and the British Geological Society.

The UK’s fracking industry, which represents companies such as Cuadrilla, dismissed the report. They said the sample size was too small to draw serious conclusions.

Scientists at the University of Nottingham and the BGS have developed a new method for analysing the gas content

of shale, which they believe gives them a more accurate estimate of the overall potential.

‘In terms of the total gas in place, the mean value from the 2013 study was 1300 trillion feet of gas, we are struggling to get anywhere above 200 trillion feet,’ said Professor Colin Snape from the University of Nottingham, the lead author on the paper.

‘The data we’ve got from the two shales we’ve looked at are very consistent – and gas companies Cuadrilla and Third Energy have just published two papers in the last year where they have taken core samples and measured the gas

that’s evolved and that data is very, very consistent with our own data.’

Meanwhile, at the time of writing fracking at Cuadrilla’s Preston New Road site in the northwest of England remains suspeneded after the latest tremor on 30 August, measured at 2.9ML. The the UK Oil and Gas Authority has written to Cuadrilla requesting extensive data and anaylis.

‘Once provided, this data and analysis will assist the OGA’s full consideration of whether the assumptions and mitigations in Cuadrilla’s PNR 2 Hydraulic Fracture Plan continue to be appropriate to manage the risk of induced seismicity at the Preston New Road site,’ said the OGA.

Oil discoveries and new wells Noble Energy has made a new discovery in Block 1 offshore Equatorial Guinea.

The Aseng 6P well was drilled to a depth of more than 4000 m.

PGNiG and partners Aker BP and DEA have been given approval to drill exploration well 6507/5-9 S in production licence PL 838 in the Norwegian Sea 9 km south of Skarv and 24 km northeast of Heidrun to a depth of 358 m.

Aker BP, Petoro and Wellesley Petroleum have won a drilling permit for well 30/12-2 in production licence PL 986 about 43 km northeast of the Frigg field.

Eni and its partners, Pertamina (30%) and Neptune (30%), have been awarded the West Ganal exploration block in the Kutei Basin, offshore Indonesia in the second conventional oil and gas bidding round 2019. The 1129 km2 block includes

the Maha discovery with in place gas resources estimated in excess of 600 Bscf (billions of standard cubic feet of gas).

South Sudan has made a small oil discovery in Northern Upper Nile State, its first since independence in 2011. The new field in the Adar area of the state contains 5.3 million barrels of recoverable oil and will be linked to the nearby Paloch oil fields, which are operated by Dar Petroleum Operating Company.

Equinor has been granted a drilling permit for well 32/4-2 in production licence PL 921 in the Norwegian North Sea. The area consists of part of block 32/4 and part of block 32/7. The well will be drilled about 28 km southeast of the Troll field.

ConocoPhillips has won consent to drill exploration well 25/7-8 S in

production licence PL 917 in the North Sea. Well 25/7-8 S will be drilled in the middle of the northern section of the North Sea, slightly west of the Balder/ Ringhorne and Grane fields.

Equinor has won consent for exploration drilling in Block 35/11 in the North Sea. Well 35/11-23 is located in production licence PL 090, for which Equinor is the operator. The site of the well is around 20 km north of the Troll field in the central North Sea. Repsol Norge has been given permission to drill well 9/2-12 in production licence PL 910 in the North Sea. The well will be drilled about 3 km east of the Yme field. Production licence 910 was awarded on 2 March 2018 in APA 2017. This is the first well to be drilled in the licence.

Shearwater wins big survey in South America Shearwater has won a contract for a large survey in South America to be acquired in Q4 2019. The six-month 8500-km2 survey will be acquired by the vessel Amazon Warrior using 14 streamers and Flexisource triple source.

The ship is equipped with a Q-marine streamer system and has been working 24

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offshore Brazil since March 2019.

‘The Amazon Warrior has proven to be a powerful and effective seismic vessel in Brazil,’ said Irene Waange Basili, CEO of Shearwater Geoservices.

Meanwhile, Shearwater GeoServices has also won a seismic acquisition and depth processing contract by TPAO. It is

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the second project to be executed for TPAO in 2019. The survey covers an area of 6200 km2 and includes fast-track processing, followed by full time and depth processing. The four-month project starts in Q3 2019 and will be conducted by the Polar Empress immediately after its completion of a full North Sea summer season.

INDUSTRY NEWS

PGS monitors marine turtles offshore Brazil to ensure better survey planning

PGS is using satellite telemetry to monitor the migratory paths of marine turtles over a wide geographical area in Brazil, which will improve environmental planning ahead of seismic surveys.

A PGS-backed research project with the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources IBAMA is the first in Brazil to integrate the collection of seismic data with information about sea turtle displacements. It targets the Sergipe/Alagoas (SEAL) sedimentary basin, block SEAL-4-10-11.

From January 2014 to January 2015, around 30 turtles from two different species prevalent in the area were fitted with transmitters: 24 were placed on olive

BRIEFS Preliminary production figures for July 2019 show an average daily production of 1,799,000 barrels of oil, NGL and condensate, which is an increase of 402,000 barrels per day compared to June. Average daily liquids production in July was 1,447,000 barrels of oil, 326,000 barrels of NGL and 25,000 barrels of condensate.

Oil production in July is 2% higher than the NPD’s forecast.

ridley sea turtles and six on loggerhead sea turtles. Tracking results can now chart the migration of these animals from their breeding area in Sergipe, Brazil along coastal waters and farther out into oceanic areas. This data shows extensive use of the Brazilian Continental Shelf, from the south coast (Santa Catarina) and southeast coast of Brazil to French Guiana, as well as displacements across the Atlantic Ocean to the feeding areas in the equatorial portion of northwestern Africa (Cape Verde Region and Guinea Bissau).

These satellite telemetry results have corroborated historical information, greatly extending the body of knowledge regarding migration and areas of use for both species. .

Following the results of the first studies, a new monitoring initiative supported

by PGS was proposed in 2018, targeting the Rio Grande do Norte and Potiguar Basin. First, 42 transmitters were installed on hawksbill sea turtles. Then, in a second initiative, a further 20 turtles in the Sergipe/Alagoas sedimentary basin were also fitted with tracking units.

‘The project aims to establish and maintain a robust database that the project partners can use to guide spatial evaluations regarding overlapping areas of use of turtles and seismic surveys,’ said PGS in a statement.

The UK Oil and Gas Authority’s director of operations Gunther Newcombe has announced his retirement after five years in the role. Newcombe will leave the organisation at the end of March 2020.

The OGA plans to appoint his successor by the end of the year to allow for a period of handover.

Occidental has completed its acquisition of Anadarko Petroleum for $55 billion, including the assumption of Anadarko’s debt. Vicki Hollub, president and chief executive officer, said: ’We expect to deliver at least $3.5 billion annually in cost and capital spending synergies.’

Equinor and YPF have signed an agreement to explore the CAN 100 offshore block in the North Argentine Basin. The CAN 100 block comprises an area of 15,000 km2 and is the largest block in the North Argentinian Basin.

Polarcus has won a contract for an XArray marine seismic acquisition project in South East Asia. The project will commence in Q4 with an approximate duration of 40 days.

Survey explores for geothermal heat in the Netherlands EBN has completed a seismic survey between Utrecht and Almere in the Netherlands to explore the potential of geothermal heat from the earth’s layers.

The seismic investigation is continuing in the central Netherlands on the Nijmegen-Haarlem axis. The first line of research runs between Sint-Michielsgestel and Bronckhorst. The line runs through a total of 13 municipalities and the work is

Sri Lanka has entered into an agreement with Total and Equinor to explore the JS-5 and JS-6 blocks of the Lanka Basin in the eastern offshore region of Sri Lanka.

Petrobras is selling 11 producing shallow-water fields in the Campos Basin. The concessions of Anequim, Bagre, Cherne, Congro, Corvina, Malhado, Namorado, Parati, Garoupa, Garoupinha and Viola are about 80 km off the coast, with reservoir depth between 70 m to 740 m.

expected to be completed at the beginning of October.

In February 2019, the first seismic survey took place between Utrecht and Almere.

The data is being made available on the NLOG database, giving a detailed picture of the structure of the earth layers and the potential of geothermal heat in the area investigated.

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ExxonMobil signs deal with Mosaic Materials to develop CO2 removal technology

ExxonMobil and Mosaic Materials have signed an agreement to develop technology that can remove carbon dioxide from emissions sources.

Mosaic Materials, a California-based tech company, has progressed research on a unique process that uses porous solids, known as metal-organic frameworks, to separate carbon dioxide from air or flue gas. The agreement with ExxonMobil will enable the two companies to evaluate opportunities for industrial uses of the technology at scale.

‘New technologies in carbon capture will be critical enablers for us to meet growing energy demands, while reducing emissions,’ said Vijay Swarup, vice-president of research and development for ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company.

‘Our agreement with Mosaic expands our carbon capture technology research portfolio, which is evaluating multiple pathways – including evaluation of carbonate fuel cells and direct air capture – to reduce costs and enable large-scale deployment. Adding Mosaic’s approach will allow us to build on their work to evaluate the potential for this technology to have a meaningful impact in reducing carbon dioxide emissions.’

Thomas McDonald, chief executive officer of Mosaic Materials, said: ‘Through this agreement with ExxonMobil, we look to accelerate the pace

of our development and demonstrate the business and environmental benefits that our technology can offer. Our proprietary technology allows us to separate carbon dioxide from nearly any gas mixture using moderate temperature and pressure changes, substantially increasing energy efficiency and decreasing costs.’

ExxonMobil supports other initiatives to tackle climate change including Cyclotron Road, a fellowship for entrepreneurial scientists that is managed in partnership with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Activate, an independent non-profit organization.

ExxonMobil also recently announced a 10-year agreement, worth up to $100 million, to research and develop advanced lower-emissions technologies with the US Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory and National Energy Technology Laboratory.

With a working interest in approximately one-fifth of the world’s total carbon capture capacity, ExxonMobil has been able to capture about 7 million tonnes per year of carbon dioxide and claims that it has cumulatively captured more of it than any other company since 1970.

Operators in UK waters keep costs down Operating costs and expenditure on the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS) remained stable in 2018, according to a new report by the UK Oil and Gas Authority.

The UKCS Operating Costs 2018 report found that Total OPEX rose slightly by 6% to £7.2 billion in 2018, driven largely by new field activity. This has delivered an additional 70,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day (boepd) compared to the previous year.

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OPEX is anticipated to rise by 2% (6% in nominal terms) by 2020, due to new fields coming online. After that, total OPEX is expected to fall at an average rate of 3% annually due to fields ceasing production.

Unit Operating Cost (UOC) per barrel also remained stable in 2018, with a marginal 2% rise to £11.6/boe. Average UOC halved for more than half of operators, with this improvement in cost efficiency mostly being driven by production gains.

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The OGA’s medium term projections suggest UOC will steadily rise, increasing 10% over the next five years to £12.8/ boe (2018 prices). This is influenced by production decline rather than cost inflation. This is more than 20% lower than the 2014 level.

Hedvig Ljungerud, OGA Director of Strategy, said: ‘Efficiency measures, put in place by operators during the last global oil price downturn, appear to have been sustained.’

the leading provider of OBN seismic solutions Booth # 1040 - EAGE LONDON 3-6 JUNE

INDUSTRY NEWS

Drones help to cut methane emissions at BP platforms in the North Sea BP has broken the UK’s record for the longest commercial drone flight as part of a project to monitor methane emissions at one of its oil platforms the North Sea. The pilot, which combined sensor technology originally designed by Nasa for the Mars Curiosity Rover with a fixed-wing remote piloted air system (RPAS), or drone, circled the Clair platform, West of Shetland, at a radius of 550 m for 90 minutes, travelling for a total of more than 185 km, significantly beating the previous record of 100 km. Throughout the flight, the RPAS live-streamed valuable data collected by the methane sensor.

The specialist drone will now be deployed all of BP’s North Sea assets in 2020, including ETAP and Glen Lyon.

Project manager, Joe Godwin, Clair field environmental lead, said: ‘We wanted to test a method for collecting large amounts of data on our emissions over long periods of time, without having to send people or equipment offshore. The solution would also have to deal with the turbulent atmospheric conditions that we typically experience offshore in the North Sea. ‘Ultimately, we identified the RPAS drone solution provided by UK supplier FlyLogix combined with the ultra precise sensor technology by SeekOps, as a good fit with our requirements.’

The drone itself was tracked and remotely controlled using satellite communications and a radio link from the remote Island of Papa Stour – the team never had to leave their base onshore.

The North Sea trial follows the roll-out of a major leak detection drone programme in BP’s US operations. BPX Energy is now using drone-mounted leak detection technologies, which enable up to 1500 well sites to be surveyed every month across all of its operating basins.

The flights generate data around the location and size of a leak and issue a work order to fix it. The technicians in the field are quickly dispatched and equipped with Fieldbit’s multi-source Augmented Reality (AR) technology – or smart glasses – which enables them to virtually link to technical support in the office. Through the use of this technology, both are able to see the affected area and work together to fix it, improving safety, accuracy of repairs and productivity.

BPX Energy chief executive Dave Lawler said: ‘Today, we are able to run Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) programmes in all of our assets at around $40 per well and we believe costs will continue to fall.

The initiatives form part of BP’s newly announced policy to deploy continuous measurement of methane emissions in its future BP-operated oil and gas processing projects as part of its programme to reduce methane emissions by 0.2% on its upstream operations.

Continuous measurement, including instruments such as gas cloud imaging (GCI), will be rolled out to all new major projects worldwide. The technology has also been tested and installed in existing facilities such as BP’s giant natural gas Khazzan field in Oman.

The BP Clair platform where a drone monitored methane.

Gordon Birrell, BP’s chief operating officer for production, transformation and carbon, said: ‘For gas to play its fullest role in the energy transition, we have to keep it in the pipe. This new technology will help us do that by detecting methane emissions in real time. The faster and more accurately we can identify and measure leaks, the better we can respond and, informed by the data collected, work to prevent them.’

BP is also a founding member of the Oil and Gas Climate Initiative, which brings together 13 of the world’s largest energy companies and has set up a $1 billion investment fund to address methane emissions and invest in complementary technology, including Carbon Capture, Use and Storage (CCUS).

BP supports the Methane Guiding Principles, which were developed by a coalition of industry, institutions, academics and NGOs, to reduce methane emissions across the gas value chain.

Hillcorp shoots seismic survey off coast of Alaska The US Bureau of Ocean Management (BOEM) has given Hilcorp Alaska permission to conduct a geophysical survey in the federal waters of Cook Inlet, off the coast of Southcentral Alaska.

In June 2017, Hilcorp acquired 14 Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) blocks from Lease Sale 244. The survey area

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west of Kachemak Bay comprises 42 OCS blocks, including eight of Hilcorp’s 14 leased blocks, covering approx. 969 km2.

Data acquired from the survey can be used to identify potential offshore oil and gas resources.

The 60-day survey will involve one seismic acquisition vessel and two sup-

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port vessels. Vessel-based monitoring for marine mammals will be conducted by trained protected species observers.

However, conservation groups are mounting a legal challenge to the survey, which will be the first in Cook Inlet since a July 2005 survey conducted by Veritas DGC.

INDUSTRY NEWS

Seismic survey off Great Australian Bight is postponed A seismic survey by PGS in the Great Australian Bight off the south coast has been postponed until next year.

In January, the National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority (NOPSEMA) granted PGS permission to carry out seismic surveys in a 30,100 km2 area, located 80 km from Port Lincoln and 90 km west of Kangaroo Island. The survey was due to take place between September and November ahead of a well planned by Equinor.

However, the surveys have been postponed after objections from environmental and fishing groups, despite Equinor and PGS presenting a environmental plan which demonstrated that the tests would not interfere with pygmy blue whales, southern bluefin tuna and southern right whales.

Chief executive of the Australian Southern Bluefin Tuna Association, Brian Jeffriess, said there was ‘a sense

of relief’ in the tuna industry. ‘There’s no doubt that the seismic tests have a major impact on where the fish are and whether they come at all,’ he said.

Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association (APPEA) spokesman Matthew Doman said the process was safe and regulated. ‘Our

Greenpeace also welcomed the delay.

‘The blasts of seismic cannons can be as loud as the epicentre of a grenade and are fired every 10 seconds, 24 hours a day, for weeks on end,’ Greenpeace senior campaigner Nathaniel Pelle said.

industry has conducted seismic surveys for many decades … in a safe and sustainable manner in harmony with the environment and the fishing industry and other users of the marine environment.’

India launches fourth bidding round India has launched Bid Round-IV offering seven blocks, with an area of approx. 18,500 km2. All seven blocks are based on expressions of interest (EoI) submitted by the bidders.

After recent energy reforms, more weight is being given to exploratory work programmes. Category-II and III type blocks will be awarded based on exploratory work programmes only. Exploration periods will be shorter.

The exploration acreage of India has already been enhanced from 90,000 km2 in 2017 to 2.1 million km2 after three licensing rounds. To further increase exploration acreage of India, the government has increased EoI cycles from two to three in a year with the revised dates of April 1 to

Seabird wins 2D contract in Australasia region

July 31, August 1 to November 30 and December 1 to March 31.

With the release of Notice Inviting Offer (NIO), bidders can study the data available in National Data Repository (NDR) and select blocks for the bidding.

The blocks are spread across three sedimentary basins; seven land blocks are on offer under OALP-IV which includes XI blocks in Category-II and III Basins and one block in Category-I Basin. OALP Round IV is expected to generate an immediate exploration work commitment of around $200-250 million.

The 5th cycle of submitting EoIs will end on 30 November and will be followed by the 6th cycle from 1 December to 31 March, 2020.

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Seabird Exploration has won a contract to acquire 2D seismic data in the Australasia region. The survey is due to commence during Q4 2019 and is estimated to run for approx. three to four months plus mobilization. The company will be using the Nordic Explorer for the work. The vessel has recently completed a 3D survey in West Africa earlier than expected.

As a result, the company expects to reverse approximately half of the $1.3 million loss provision taken in connection with this survey.

Meanwhile, Heidar Engebret is resigning as a board member of SeaBird Exploration. The company is expected to appoint Ståle Rodahl as his replacement.

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PGS launches new Geostreamer technology

PGS launched its GeoStreamer X solution which it claims will deliver ‘high-quality exploration data up to five times faster than node acquisition, combining multi-sensor broadband fidelity and wide-towed source efficiency, with multi-azimuth (MAZ) illumination’.

Using a single Ramform vessel, the GeoStreamer X Viking Graben is a

long-offset multi-azimuth pilot multi-client survey in the Viking Graben with wide-tow sources. The survey was due to start in September 2019; first imaging results will be available in Q1 2020.

‘GeoStreamer X is a better solution for exploration as it offers a significantly faster and considerably cheaper method of achieving advanced offset- and azimuth-rich data, with far less disturbance to other activities in the area. It’s efficient and effective,’ said Gunhild Myhr, PGS VP new ventures Europe.

Multisensor, towed-streamer acquisition using multiple sources combined with high-density receiver spreads, will deliver tight spatial sampling and higher-resolution imaging. Wide-tow sources will improved near-offset sampling for

results that facilitate accurate AVO analysis of shallow targets, by recording the near-incidence angle information.

Wide-tow source technology will also improve acquisition efficiency, supporting larger sail line separations than are typical offshore Norway. Sail line separation directly affects survey turnaround time.

Upgrading a high-resolution receiver array with some extra-long streamers will make it possible to record the longer offsets required for even more accurate, FWI-driven velocity model building.

In areas with complex geological targets and corresponding illumination challenges, a combination of these specialized source- and receiver designs will offer a smarter solution than nodes for upgrading the quality of exploration data.

Johan Sverdrup project given green light The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate has granted consent for start-up of the Johan Sverdrup field in the North Sea, which is expected to produce oil for the next 40 years.

Operator Equinor plans to start the first phase of the field development in the autumn. Construction of phase two is slated to start in the fourth quarter of 2022.

‘The Johan Sverdrup field is a shining example of the possibilities and the values that can be achieved through exploration of mature petroleum provinces on the shelf,’ said Ingrid Sølvberg, director development and operations at the NPD. Johan Sverdrup is the third largest oil field on the Norwegian shelf – measured in reserves. Only Statfjord and Ekofisk, also in the North Sea, are larger.

The field is located in Blocks 16/2, 16/3, 16/5 and 16/6, 155 km west of Karmøy and 40 km south of the Grane field. It was proven by Lundin in the autumn of 2010 through well 16/2-6 (‘Avaldsnes’).

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Drawing of Johan Sverdrup, Phase 2 which is due to start in Q4 2022 (image courtesy of Equinor).

According to Equinor, investment costs for development of the first stage of construction are expected to be NOK 83 billion ($9 billion). Estimates indicate that the total recoverable reserves are about 430 million standard cubic meters of oil

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equivalents (2.7 billion barrels o.e.)

About 95% of this is oil, 3% is dry gas and the rest is NGL (Natural Gas Liquids).

The field has a production capacity of 105,000 m3 of oil per day (660 000 bbls per day).

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INDUSTRY NEWS

CGG donates software to Mozambique university

CGG has donated a comprehensive geoscience software and supportive training package to Eduardo Mondlane University (UEM), the oldest and largest university in Mozambique.

Its geology department was the first in Mozambique to benefit from such a collaboration initiative as part of CGG’s global University Donation Programme

(UDP) to further improve opportunities for local students to pursue successful careers in petroleum geosciences.

The focus of the donation was to enhance teaching and research in the specific areas of reservoir characterization and petrophysics within UEM’s Petroleum Geology and Petroleum Engineering courses.

CGG has donated hardware pre-installed with GeoSoftware’s advanced Powerlog and HampsonRussell geoscience software suites. It has held mentoring workshops for students, research staff and lecturers to learn more about the theory behind specific techniques, such as AVO, inversion and petrophysics, and test their knowledge with practical exercises before running case studies on the software.

Kamal al-Yahya, senior vice-president, software and smart data solutions, CGG, said: ‘This exciting collaboration with UEM is similar to other initiatives CGG has already conducted in the region with Agostinho Neto University in Angola and the University of Wits in South Africa. It demonstrates our commitment to supporting leading places of learning in training world-class geoscience professionals.’

Shearwater opens office in Brazil Shearwater Geoservices has opened a new office in Rio de Janeiro.

The strengthened presence in Brazil follows Shearwater’s extensive marine seismic acquisition offshore Brazil for a major multi-client company. Shearwater will now offer a full range of marine geo-

physical services, including acquisition, processing and imaging, and software, in the Brazilian market to both local and international clients.

‘As the global leader in marine seismic services, Brazil is a key market for Shearwater to be able to operate

in as we expand our activities across South America,’ said Peter Hooper, chief commercial officer of Shearwater. ‘The stronger presence in Brazil will allow us to develop closer links with our clients in the region and move more quickly and effectively to meet their requirements’.

Fugro wins big contract for geotechnical site investigation in the North Sea Fugro has won a $28 million multi-annual geotechnical site investigation contract in the German North Sea and Baltic Sea from Germany’s Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (Das Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH)) The programme will be completed in three phases over the next three years and comprises geotechnical investigations at potential offshore wind farm development areas. The site characterization services will provide geotechnical data acquisition 32

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from multiple geotechnical drilling vessels, and geotechnical laboratory testing and reporting by Fugro’s German and UK laboratories.

Fugro’s survey department will provide unexploded ordnance (UXO) services before its geotechnical drilling vessels (Fugro Scout and Gargano) execute the fieldwork. Fugro’s standard and advanced laboratory testing results will be used by future wind farm developers to prepare their bids.

OCTOBER

2019

Special Topic

RESERVOIR GEOSCIENCE AND ENGINEERING The need to get the most of out of the biggest existing fields has never been a bigger game with more at stake. These efforts require geoscientists to continually raise the bar in terms of the ingenious reservoir geoscience and engineering solutions they apply. We will look at solutions for petroleum engineers to improve workflow and enhance recovery including PSDM, AVO and full azimuth depth domain depth imaging.

Rachel Jones et al discuss the use of GeoWave and Walkalong Vertifical Incidence (VSP) to ensure the correct placement of production liners on the ultra-High Presssure high Temperature wells at the Culzean gas project in the Central North Sea. Neil Hodgson et al discuss the geoscience that will help make the discoveries of the future.

Lucy MacGregor et al present a machine learning approach to identify commercially significant models within a large ensemble and characterize the uncertainty in decisions based on these.

Peyman Moradi et al discuss the insights that the integration of modern production and microseismic data analyses offers into the SRV’s spatial structure in MFHWs in liquid-rich unconventional reservoirs.

Ferran Pacheco et al present a case study for building a 3D geological model to characterize a Lower Cretaceous reservoir for a field located offshore Abu Dhabi.

IIhami Giden et al describe the engineering that optimized the recovery of the super-mature Matzen field in Austria.

Tatiana Olneva et al discuss updating the seismic geological model of an oil field in the pre-neogene base of the Pannonian Basin.

Due to an editing error, the standfirst to Ikon Science’s paper in our Machine Learning issue in September omitted the word ‘learning’. It should have read ‘Eshan Zabihi Naeini and Joshua Uwaifo introduce Transfer Learning and automated machine learning and demonstrate their efficiency in geoscience with practical examples’. We apologise for this error.

Submit an article

Special Topic overview January

Land Seismic

First Break Special Topics are covered by a mix of original articles dealing with case studies and the latest technology. Contributions to a Special Topic in First Break can be sent directly to the editorial office (firstbreak@eage.org). Submissions will be considered for publication by the editor.

February

Reservoir Monitoring

March

Petroleum Geology

April

Passive Seismic & Unconventionals

May

Modelling/Interpretation

June

Embracing Change - Creativity For The Future

It is also possible to submit a Technical Article to First Break. Technical Articles are subject to a peer review process and should be submitted ia EAGE’s ScholarOne website: http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/fb

July

Energy Transition

August

Near Surface Geoscience

September

Machine Learning

October

Reservoir Geoscience and Engineering

November

Marine Seismic & EM

December

Data Processing

You can find the First Break author guidelines online at www.firstbreak.org/guidelines.

More Special Topics may be added during the course of the year.

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Legend SPU Leb 3D: 5,358 km2 Expected bid round 2019 EMED 00 repro 2018: 12,034 km Regional 1975 repro: 7,834 km Leb02 repro 2018: 2,006 km Spectrum Leb Onshore: 78 km Licensed Areas

Republic of Lebanon Essential 3D & 2D Multi-client Seismic for 2019 License Round Lebanon has announced the blocks for a second offshore licensing round with bids due to be submitted in 31st January 2020.

TGS’ 5,358 km2 of 3D seismic data covers much of the most prospective areas of the Levantine Basin.

In addition TGS’ comprehensive suite of East Mediterranean products includes 22,645 km of high quality 2D seismic.

The large structures, and folds are generally assumed to be filled by dry biogenic gas like the adjacent Leviathan and Zohr discoveries, however a credible oil play from an oil-prone source rock directly underneath the reservoir suggests this undrilled acreage could make Lebanon the East Mediterranean’s oil capital.

TGS, the gateway to subsurface intelligence.

© 2019 TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Company ASA. All rights reserved.

CALENDAR

CALENDAR OF EVENTS 14-17 SEPTEMBER

ECMOR XVII

www.ecmor.org Edinburgh, UK

October 2019 1-3 Oct

Sakhalin – Far East Hydrocarbons 2019 www.eage.org

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

Russia

6-9 Oct

16th SAGA Biennial Conference & Exhibition www.sagaconference.co.za

Durban

South Africa

7-9 Oct

Fourth EAGE Workshop on High Performance Computing for Upstream in the Middle East HPC Through the 4th Industrial Revolution www.eage.org

Dubai

United Arab Emirates

14-17 Oct

Third Borehole Geology Workshop www.eage.org

Muscat

Oman

21-25 Oct

ASF 2019 - 17ème Congrès de Sédimentologie https://asf2019.sciencesconf.org

Beauvais

France

24-25 Oct

First EAGE Workshop on Pre-Salt Reservoir in Rio de Janeiro www.eage.org

Rio de Janeiro

Brazil

29-30 Oct

Asia Petroleum Geoscience Conference & Exhibition (APGCE 2019) www.eage.org

Kuala Lumpur

Malaysia

30 Oct

2019 Oil & Gas Machine Learning Symposium http://www.upstreamml.com

Houston

USA

30-31 Oct

First EAGE/AAPG Forum on Human Resource Role in the E&P Industry www.eage.org

Manama

Bahrain

Sochi

Russia

November 2019 5-8 Nov

ProGREss’19: Exploration as a Business Oil and Gas International Exploration Conference www.eage.org

EAGE Events

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CALENDAR

11-13 Nov

EAGE Workshop on Faster Subsurface Characterisation for Reservoir Modelling - integrated and innovative workflows from geoscience to dynamic simulation www.eage.org

Perth

Australia

14-15 Nov

Second EAGE/AMGP/AMGE Latin-American Seminar in Unconventional Resources www.eage.org

Mexico City

Mexico

18-20 Nov

Fifth EAGE Workshop on Borehole Geophysics Bridging the Gap between Surface and Reservoir www.eage.org

The Hague

Netherlands

18-20 Nov

Third EAGE WIPIC Workshop: Reservoir Management in Carbonates www.eage.org

Doha

Qatar

19-21 Nov

Second EAGE Eastern Mediterranean Workshop www.eage.org

Athens

Greece

19-20 Nov

First HGS/EAGE Conference in Latin America www.eage.org

Houston

United States

22 Nov

EAGE/BVG/FKPE Joint Workshop on Borehole Geophysics and Geothermal Energy www.eage.org

Munich

Germany

25-27 Nov

Fifth EAGE/AAPG Tight Reservoirs www.eage.org

Dhahran

Saudi Arabia

28-29 Nov

1st Indian Near Surface Geophysics Conference & Exhibition www.eage.org

New Delhi

India

December 2019 2-4 Dec

2 nd EAGE-VPI Conference on Reservoir Geoscience www.eage.org

Hanoi

Vietnam

2-4 Dec

First EAGE Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Workshop www.eage.org

Toulouse

France

3-5 Dec

First EAGE Western Africa E&P Workshop www.eage.org

Accra

Ghana

5-6 Dec

First EAGE Workshop on Pre-Salt Reservoir www.eage.org

Rio de Janeiro

Brazil

6-7 Dec

EAGE GeoHack - A Prelude to the EAGE Subsurface Intelligence Workshop www.eage.org

Manama

Bahrain

9-10 Dec

EAGE Subsurface Intelligence Workshop - View event www.eage.org

Manama

Bahrain

10-12 Dec

SEG | EAGE Workshop on "Geophysical Aspects of Smart Cities" www.eage.org

Singapore

16-17 Dec

First EAGE/AAPG E&P HR Forum - The Challenge for Digital Talent www.eage.org

Dhaharan

Saudi Arabia

Dhahran

Saudi Arabia

January 2020 13-15 Jan

IPTC 2020

February 2020 10-12 Feb

Fifth EAGE Workshop on Rock Physics www.eage.org

Milan

Italy

11-13 Feb

Fourth EAGE Naturally Fractured Reservoir Workshop www.eage.org

Ras Al Khaimah

United Arab Emirates

17-18 Feb

EAGE Workshop on The Interpretation of Attributes to Impact Decision Making www.eage.org

Kuala Lumpur

Malaysia

24-26 Feb

SPE/EAGE Reservoir Lifecycle Workshop www.eage.org

Abu Dhabi

United Arab Emirates

25-27 Feb

1st AAPG/EAGE Papua New Guinea Petroleum Geoscience Conference & Exhibition www.eage.org

Port Moresby

Papua New Guinea

EAGE Events

Non-EAGE Events

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Revealing Subsurface Potential with PGS FWI

3.5km

4.0km

4.5km

Read more: www.pgs.com/FWI

PGS Full Waveform Inversion uses back scattered seismic energy, to build high-resolution velocity models at greater depths. This enables better inversions for robust ranking and more reliable derisking of prospects.