Portffolio

XIAN ZHOU

PORTFOLIO

Wuhan University of Technology Majored in Urban and Rural Planning E-mail:923037728@qq.com Tel:+86 15827446190 Date:2022.10-2023.8

CONTENTS DISAPPERANCE OF THE FIFTH FACADE In architectural terminology, the roof of a building is referred to as the fifth facade of the building. However, it is often divided into two systems, wall and roof, along with the four directional facades. This leads to a split between the five facades and a lack of integrity of the whole building on some level. It also lacks the beauty of the flow of function and form between the building facades. This design hopes to achieve the disappearance of the fifth facade by means of means, and even ultimately to achieve the effect that the whole building has only one complete facade.

01

LIVE TO DEATH Skyscrapers are towering presences in cities. As the tallest building in a city, they can play an important iconic role. We think of a monumental skyscraper that can be seen by everyone in the city from any corner and can be used by all the residents of the city. Death is the topic of everyone's life and the destination of everyone's destiny. But different people have different attitudes towards death. People who face death positively tend to have a better life. That's why we thought of building a special vertical cemetery to show the positive attitude towards death to all people in the city.

DANCE WITH LIGHT

05

IME

Light is one of the most important components of nature and a presence that is often used in architecture. Different light can bring different feelings to people, so the use of light is also an important part of the architect's design considerations. However, the use of light in most of the architectural designs is still rough.

This project hopes to achieve a precise control of light. This project aims to achieve a precise control of light, a unified replacement and functional upgrade of the building's façade or windows.

11

TYPE-CITY A particular result of China's rapid urbanisation has been the emergence of speculative construction and relatively slow-developing areas, sometimes referred to as "ghost cities". It should be noted that this phenomenon is immature and a failure from the point of view of urban planning. We would like to describe this development as "high-density sprawl" without preconceived judgements. For the future of high-density urban sprawl, we suggest that we look at the issue from a health perspective.

15

OTHER WORKS 20 Drawings using pen and marker during foutain and copy.Photography of flowers,seats in cinema and hairpin.Architectural design of commemorative museum and residential area during university.

DISAPPEARANCE OF THE FIFTH FACADE TYPE:Architecture Design Project/Individual Work ARCHITECTURAL TYPE:Church DATE OF PROJECT:2022.10-2023.01

In architectural terminology, the roof of a building is referred to as the fifth facade of the building. However, it is often divided into two systems, wall and roof, along with the four directional facades. This leads to a split between the five facades and a lack of integrity of the whole building on some level. It also lacks the beauty of the flow of function and form between the building facades. This design hopes to achieve the disappearance of the fifth facade by means of means, and even ultimately to achieve the effect that the whole building has only one complete facade.

The pre-design phase begins with a study of real-life examples that have been built or have been designed to demonstrate integration between facades. Secondly, we study the morphological changes that can occur between the various basic unit forms that make up the façade. From these, we chose a basic design language that reflects the theme and is in line with the design concept. Based on this, the form of the smallest basic unit in the same grid system was investigated to achieve the continuity and mobility of the theme building. In addition, we will explore the possibilities of combining and assembling various basic units according to the preliminary functional requirements.

REFERENCE

DESIGN LANGUAGE STUDY

There are many forms of architecture in the real world, some expressed in regular forms, others through exaggerated curves, and the transformation between these curves expresses the fluidity of form and function of the building, which is my preferred form of architecture. I have chosen four representative curved buildings to study in order to lay the foundations for my subsequent research.

In order to investigate the continuity of faces and the many possibilities of mobility, I have listed three basic forms of faces separately: rectangular, triangular and circular. Firstly, the variation between these three faces individually and the variation in form with respect to the base plane in perpendicular, parallel and complex situations is investigated. After this, the number of faces is progressively increased to two and three, and then the possibilities of the variations that occur between them in the three cases mentioned earlier. After this study, the results obtained were classified into the following table, which was used as the base design language for this design. Each variant is also given a name, i.e. a numbering code, according to the number of faces and their spatial position, to facilitate subsequent research.

Spiral Museum

Rectangle

Designer:Bjarke Ingels Group Location:Switzerland Time:2020 The spiralling form was conceived as a response to a programmatic requirement, which called for a succession of galleries and workshops, however the logistics of the workshops required them to be connected.

The spiral shape allows the workshops to be spread along the narrative path through the building, while being physically adjacent.In addition to the pavilion-like museum structure, the building includes a subterranean guest house, with views over the Vallée de Joux.

Number of facets:n Spatial relationships:Parallel,Vertical,Complex Number of transformations:n Direction

Heydar Aliyev Center

Times

Triangle

Circle

Number of facets:n Spatial relationships:Parallel,Vertical,Complex Number of transformations:n

Number of facets:n Spatial relationships Number of transformations:n

n=1

n=2

n=3

n=1

n=2

n=3

n=1

n=2

R1P1

R2P1

R3P1

T1P1

T2P1

T3P1

C1P1

C2P1

R1P2

R2P2

R3P2

T1P2

T2P2

T3P2

C1P2

C2P2

R1P3

R2P3

R3P3

T1P3

T2P3

T3P3

C1P3

C2P3

R 1 V1

R 2 V1

R 3 V1

T 1 V1

T 2 V1

T 3 V1

C 1 V1

C 2 V1

R 1 V2

R 2 V2

R 3 V2

T 1 V2

T 2 V2

T 3 V2

C 1 V2

C 2 V2

R 1 V3

R 2 V3

R 3 V3

T 1 V3

T 2 V3

T 3 V3

C 1 V3

C 2 V3

R 1C1

R 2C1

R 3C1

T 1C1

T 2C1

T 3C1

C1C1

C2C1

R 1C2

R 2C2

R 3C2

T 1C2

T 2C2

T 3C2

C1C2

C2C2

R 1C3

R 2C3

R 3C3

T 1C3

T 2C3

T 3C3

C1C3

C2C3

one

Designer:Zaha Hadid Architects Location:Baku,Azerbaijan Time:2013

Pirouette Bridge

Parallel

The design of the Heydar Aliyev Center establishes a continuous, fluid relationship between its surrounding plaza and the building’s interior.

Elaborate formations such as undulations, bifurcations, folds, and inflections modify this plaza surface into an architectural landscape that performs a multitude of function. With this gesture, the building blurs the conventional differentiation between architectural object and urban landscape, building envelope and urban plaza, figure and ground, interior and exterior.

two

Designer:Guang Xu, Dandan Wang Location:Nanjing, China Time:2020 Pirouette, a ballet term in French, is a type of dance turn in place on one leg. A pirouette can be done either en dedans, turning in towards the supporting leg that the dancer is turning on, or en de-hors, which is turning away from the supporting leg. As the linear river that meander through the landscape for more than 500 meters, the bridge performs an elegant whirl over the water and links public activities from multiple heights of both sides of the river bank.

three

The Twist Museum Designer:Bjarke Ingels Group Location:Norway Time:2019

one

MIND MAP Heydar Aliyev Center Guangzhou Opera House The Twist Museum Spiral Meseum

The roof is considered to be the fifth facade of the building.

Study of the different base form variations between the facades of the building. option 1 option 2 option 3

rectangle Shape of the surface

triangle

Rectangles have better continuity.

three

Triangles have better articulation.

more vertical

Spatial location of the surface

table

determine the final design language composition twist

bridge

option n overlay

Grid system

Targeted form experimentation

parallel complex

option 7 In turn, the design language behind it is examined.

one

one two

Number of the surface

option 5 option 6

circle

Complex

option 4

From these, choose several forms that have a better spatial and aesthetic appeal.

three

The disappearance of the fifth facade

Pirouette Bridge

A wide range of forms with more complex variations are obtained.

Curved building is difficult to define its individual boundarie.

The straight line belongs to man, the curve to God.

Bjarke Ingels Group

Intentional or random combinations of elements from the design language table.

two

The curved form of the building implies not only spatial fluidity but also functional fluidity. It is also more aesthetically pleasing.

Zaha Hadid

Basic forms

Vertical

Built around a historical pulp mill, The Twist is conceived as a beam warped 90 degrees near the middle to create a sculptural form as it spans the Randselva. Visitors roaming the park’s site-specific works by international artists such as Anish Kapoor, Olafur Eliasson and Fernando Botero, among others, cross The Twist to complete the art tour. As a second bridge and natural extension to the park, the new museum transforms the visitor experience while doubling Kistefos’ indoor exhibition space.

two

Design Language Better articulation between units

Quantitative definition of the position of the surface

Basic units

Large forms

Final form

three

LANGUAGE SUPPERPOSITION The organic combination of two language types from the basic design language table has created a variety of basic forms that are furthermore more complex and have a richer spatial structure. From these, a few were selected to analyse the language forms behind them and the more commonly used basic languages were selected for subsequent research. Based on the interest I have basically identified two basic design languages that provide the basis for the construction of the complex forms that follow, and for the construction of further complexity.

R 3 V1

R2V1

R2V1+R1V1

R1V1

R3V1+R1V3

R 1 V3

R 2 V3

R2V3+R1C2

R1P1

R 1C2

R1P1+C2V3

R3P1

T3P3

C 2 V3

C2V3+T3C2

T 3C2

R3P1+R3P3

R1P2

R3P3

R1P2+R2P3

R2P3

R 3C1

R3C1+R2C3

R 2C3

INTERESTING MOMENT

BASIC UNIT

CONSTRUCTION

Each of the two basic design languages is given its own, as complex variation as possible, and then organically combined to produce a more likely basic form.

After several trials, the basic grid was finally determined to be a 6*6*6 square grid. Then two basic cell bodies are created in the grid with the trisurface as the spatial boundary and variations in it respectively. The basic combinations of the two cell types are then created according to their boundary articulation and between the two types, providing a basis for the subsequent generation of large volume forms. The final form is constructed according to the sense of spatial continuity and aesthetics.

The choice of constructing the solid form by constructing a tubular grid and then inlaying the solid plate in the grid ensures the integrity and continuity of the form.

Unit one

90 degree twisted surface

1.1 facade

180 degree twisted surface 270 degree twisted surface 360 degree twisted surface

2.1 facade

2.9 facade

Manufacture line grid according to form

2.5 facade

Inlaid solid panels in a separate piece of inline mesh Composition of the boundary of the 1st surface 90 degree twisted surface

Bridged surface

Composition of the boundary of the 2nd surface

Composition of the boundary of the 3rd surface

An isometric rectangular grid system is introduced to determine the start and end points of the surface, the scale of the form and the initial orientation of the curves in the surface, as well as the initial location of changes in the surface. The space between the two different variations of the surface is also analysed, and the orientation of the two surfaces is changed separately to give a variety of possibilities

Generation of the 1st surface Generation of the 2nd surface Generation of the 3rd surface

Variation 1.1

2.2 facade

2.10 facade

2.6 facade

1.3 facade

2.3 facade

2.11 facade

2.7 facade

1.4 facade

2.4 facade

2.12 facade

2.8 facade

1.5 facade

2.5 facade

1.1 facade

2.9 facade

1.6 facade

2.6 facade

1.2 facade

2.10 facade

1.7 facade

2.7 facade

1.3 facade

2.11 facade

Composition of the boundary of the 3rd surface

Composition of the boundary of the 2nd surface

Composition of the boundary of the 1st surface

Twisted&Bridged surface

MESH & CURVE

Two surfaces trending upwards

1.2 facade

Line grid 1

Generation of the 3rd surface Generation of the 2nd surface Generation of the 1st surface

Variation1.2

Combination of three surfaces

Variation between the three surfaces

LARGE VOLUME COMPONENT

Formation of a sense of volume

Formation of a sense of volume 1.8 facade

2.8 facade

1.4 facade

Variation between the three surfaces

Combination of three surfaces

2.12 facade

Based on the fluidity of the surface and the aesthetics of the space, the design is rotated, copied and mirrored. The basic form is used as a unit to form the following complex large form, which is required to have a certain spatial usability. The interface of the surfaces serves as a platform for use. The bridge space transmits sunlight and the sound of prayer and can be used as a basis for the growth of greenery. The continuous flow of the surfaces gives the space a sense of ritual.

Two surfaces trending downwards

Variation 2.1

Variation 2.2

Two surfaces trending upwards

Variation 3.1

Variation 3.2

Two surfaces trending flat

Variation 4.1

Variation 4.2

Entity 1

Unit two Manufacture line grid according to form Inlaid solid panels in a separate piece of inline mesh

Line grid 2

Entity 2

RENDERING

FLOOR PLAN

②

⑦

⑤

④

⑥

③ ①

⑧

③ ②

④

⑥

⑤

⑦

First Floor Plan ① Training room:133 ㎡ ⑤ Sunday School Classroom:164 ㎡

①

1:500

② Lounge:45 ㎡ ⑥ Multi-functional event hall:92 ㎡

②

③ Toilet:33 ㎡ ⑦ Activity Room:200 ㎡

③

④ Episcopal Church:332 ㎡ ⑧ Prayer Room:18 ㎡

⑤ ④

①

②

③

⑤

Second Floor Plan ① Terrace 1:57 ㎡

② Terrace 2:56 ㎡

③ Terrace 3:144 ㎡

⑥

1:500

④ Terrace 4:86 ㎡

⑤ Terrace 5:100 ㎡

⑥ Terrace 6:45 ㎡

CROSS-SECTIONAL VIEW

Section

1:500

PARTIAL PERSPECTIVE VIEW

Spaces with symmetrical axes often give a strong sense of ritual. The continuous multi-curved spaces provide a sense of beauty. When light enters through the slits above the building and through the many holes, the whole church is enveloped in a sacred atmosphere. Prayers, music and nature sounds are transmitted through the holes and throughout the building, enhancing the sense of unity. At the same time, the façade of the building is fluid and borderless, so that people can enter the church freely and participate in the activities. When one enters the church for the first time, one is struck by the curved walls, the large, unexplained holes, and the sculptures on the walls.

LIVE TO DEATH TYPE:Architecture Design Project/Group Work ARCHITECTURAL TYPE:Skyscraper DATE OF PROJECT:2023.02-2023.03

Skyscrapers are towering presences in cities. As the tallest building in a city, they can play an important iconic role. We think of a monumental skyscraper that can be seen by everyone in the city from any corner and can be used by all the residents of the city. Death is the topic of everyone's life and the destination of everyone's destiny. But different people have different attitudes towards death. People who face death positively tend to have a better life. That's why we thought of building a special vertical cemetery to show the positive attitude towards death to all people in the city.

Living towards death is a good attitude to face death. We established a rule of thumb for the building: everyone is born with a cemetery, and the cemetery is clearly visible to everyone outside the building. This makes it possible for everyone living in the city to be in touch with their own death at any time. And on the graveyard there is the possibility to show what each person has achieved so far in his/her life. Instead of developing a negative attitude towards death, when people see their graves again, they gradually lose sight of death through constant contact and try to live optimistically to make their graves brighter and their deaths more exciting.

REFERENCE

Chinese funeral concept of"three religions in one" The Confucian emphasison ritual and filial piety,The Taoist emphasis on transcendental joyful death,and The Buddhist emphasis on reincarnation.

Influence of Western philosophy Socrates had two understandings of death: one is that the body and soul perish as in a dreamless sleep; the other is that the body is destroyed while the soul lasts forever. He used his own life to prove to people that death is not terrible.

Chinese attitudes The Chinese have a fear of death and graves, and they consider it unlucky to live next to a cemetery The idea of "unity of heaven and man" In Han Dynasty, the Chinese believe that life comes from clay and that the soul can rest in peace only when buried in the clay after death.

WORK FLOW

Name：Every Note Played Time：2018 Author：Lisa Genova The author presents a very calm and gentle account of the last four months of a patient's life, and a rare look at the complexities and deep love of a family member who accompanies a terminally ill patient.

Name：En man som heter Ove Time：2015 Author：Hannes Holm People are very detached from each other and everyone is lonely, but love the people around you and the most stubborn old man will never be cold again.

Name：When breath becomes air Time：2016 Author：Paul Kalanithi In 2013, Paul was on the verge of reaching the top of his life when he was suddenly diagnosed with stage 4 lung cancer.

Name：Tuesdays with Morrie Time：1997 Author：Mitch Albom The story is a true account of the last philosophy of life lesson given to Mickey by the author's mentor.

BRAINSTORM Living Towards Death confronts the living rather than the dead and serves as a warning to the living through discussions of Death. The role of the cemetery is no longer to represent an endpoint but a journey that will follow the living for the rest of their lives. This gradually helps people to come to terms with themselves and to face the matter of Death. The more painful things you are exposed to, the more you accept them daily, and the more you become accustomed to them. The presence of this cemetery becomes a point for us to fight for, thus making the end of this tombstone higher and the view better.

A memorial buildings is a special kind of building for people to commemorate, admire and remember.

Urban situation Lack of monumental buildings

Historical events Obituary notice In the UK it is traditional for families to announce a death to the community by way of a death notice usually published in the local paper.

Religious influences Western religion is dominated by Christian culture. Christianity advocates simple mourning and burial; it believes that people are born with sins and must atone for their sins while alive to enter heaven after death.

Monumental Vertical Park

Wake The wake is often now held after the burial service, in either an immediate family member’s home or a local hospitality establishment. The sentiment behind it is to take time to share memories, to celebrate their life, and to grieve together.

Burial In most Christian cemeteries, the majority of traditional graves will be found facing west to east.

Nowadays, burial and cremation are equally an option, especially since the Church announced that ashes could be held on sacred ground.

The People Historical events

Monumental classification

Historical greats

deeds/Spirituality War / Disaster / Politics / Celebrations

Natural landscapes

Volcanis craters / meteorites

Historic Sites

Destroyed by war

Animals

Pets/extinct animals

Revolutionary Martyrs

Architectural definition

In Eastern thought, the subject of life and death, including burial grounds, has always been a taboo in our daily lives

It is the living who are confro -nted and the meaning of life is considered through a discu -ssion of death.

Differences between Eastern and Western cultures regarding cemeteries

Memorial Cemetery

In Western thought, the cemetery is considered the closest place to God or heaven and represents the beginning of new life.

Waking up the living through discussions of death.

People will experience many things from birth to death, but no matter what they experience, they can't change the beginning and end of life. Death is the process and end that everyone must experience. If you enjoy some stages of life, then the efficiency of life will be increased, and the length of life will be extended in another way. But if you face negative in it, then, in other words, the length of life will be reduced. So actively facing life is the best way to meet the end of death. birth

STUDY

Life line 1

birth

STUDY

Fatigued

LOVE

Free

REST

Enjoyable

(AD 50)

Around 50 AD, Roman merchants built a town next to the bridge and London was born.

Rise and fall

Recapture

As the last Roman troops left England in 407 AD, the town of London began to decline.

The Danes took the eastern part of England, including London.

(2nd century AD)

(AD 886)

The Contested Land (11th century)

Easy

Delighted

In 1066, William became King William I of England.

London finally became the capital of England in the 12th century.

Medieval Times (12th century)

With the gradual consolidation of royal power London gradually evolved into a pattern of two cities merging into one City of London.

Revival

Disasters

(14th -- first half of 17th century)

(second half of 17th century -- 19th century)

London was afflicted by the same plague as the continent between the 14th and 17th centuries.In 1666, the Great Fire of London, one of the worst fires in history, broke out.

Laxative end

Concept

The meaning of living from death is that when you are infinitely close to death, you can deeply appreciate the meaning of life.

-Heidegger, Being and Time

By the early 20th century, London had a population of 6.6 million, making it the largest city in the world.

Cemetery Issues Lack of cemetery

How to solve Super Tall Vertical Cemetery

Primitive age

Preliterate age

Ancient age Post ­Antiquity age Middle Ages

The Black Death

Some primitive societies feared death because they believed that death was not a natural process but an unnatural, accidental occurrence.

In many preliterate societies, attitudes toward death focused on the dead and their effects on the living.

Many people believed that the spirits of the dead continued to live after death.

It was thought that such mass graves were only found in densely populated cities, and that those who died in towns could still be buried as usual in regular parish cemeteries.

In western culture from the Most of Europe's royalty 6th through the early 12th were buried in religious century, death was accepted ceremonies. as the collective destiny of all human beings.

Modernity age Many modern Westerners fear the extinction of their lives and the unknown nature of life after death. These fears have not been lessened by scientific knowledge.

Inscription

Legacy Arch

Corridor

Historic buildings

Religious sites

Office Building

Villa

School District

Pedestrian Street

Industrial Park

Apartments

Church

Memorial Park

Malls

Site selection of cemetery River

London

Road network

Large flat surface area

Waking up the living Reflecting on the meaning of life

A tombstone from birth The birth of a man is accompanied by the quiet formation of his corresponding tombstone.

It is when you are infinitely close to death that you can deeply appreciate the meaning of life.

Improving the efficiency of life

Birth: The Beginning

Time as an axis As people grow

Death: The End

Corresponding headstones rising As one grows, the tombstone rises ever closer to the end.

The tombstone will also rise to its corresponding position.

The Meaning of Life Extention

The headstone will stay with the person for the rest of their life.

Constant reconciliation with yourself

The substance of the rising tombstone

A mark representing the length of life

Facing Death Death is predestined

A mark representing the meaning of life

A higher position might give a wider view and a better view.

Gradually helping people to come to terms with themselves and face death The presence of this cemetery becomes the point to make us fight for it, thus making the end of this tombstone higher and the view better.

What we can do now is to prolong the meaning of life by making it more efficient.

Symbolic of the end of a person's life Length of Life Imprint

The Feng Shui theory Feng Shui is the theory developed by the Chinese ancestors for the conditions of their living and postmortem environment.

Chapel

Cemeteries are not easily extended

(the second half of the 20th century)

After World War II, London's population swelled rapidly. The authorities proposed and built plans for satellite cities.

Since the 1950s, London has entered an era of prosperity with rapid growth in automobile and aircraft manufacturing.

The location is in London, England, a city where all nationalities and cultures intermingle. This is a very rare phenomenon and cultural feature worldwide. Cemeteries are everywhere in London and are a very common part of people's lives. It is possible to see a cemetery without even glancing at it.

Funeral procession Funeral processions led by the hearse (funeral car carrying the coffin) are still used in UK funerals, particularly in close-knit communities.

Difficult to adjust the size of a flat cemetery

Live to the Death

After the tombstone reaches the end of the line

Gravestones from the 18th century, Kingslyn, England Gravestones from the 18th century, Kingslyn, England Several gravestones are located on the floor of the church, although believers prefer to be close to the saints and bury themselves in the church they belong to, under their former seats, near the altar and so on.

Local cultural integration sites

For the living, not the dead

Strong Development

SITE ANALYSIS

Funeral flowers White lilies remain the most popular flower choice, stemming from their symbolism of the innocence of the soul.

Culture galore

Current Issues

For each goal achieved

HISTORY The history of London Birth

Land shortage

death

Find love in the work

Repugnant

London, England Over population

Prolonging the meaning of life

Relaxed end

Exhausted

WORK

Negative

death

REST

Unsatisfied

Devoted

Time line 2

Life line 2

WORK

Passion for learning

start

start

LOVE

City selection

Living to the death

LIFETIME LINE

Time line 1 Mementos Victorian burials in the UK included some now-considered macabre ways of remembering lost loved ones, from postmortem photography to the weaving of their hair onto jewelry and ornaments.

Name：Soul Time：2020 Author：Disney The meaning of life does not lie in simply realizing dreams, but in living every bit of life at the moment.

Name：COCO Time：2017 Author：Disney Life and death are both necessary experiences in life.

In life, we will also encounter many difficulties and obstacles.

Name：Sein Und Zeit Time：1926 Author：Martin Heidegger The meaning of living from death is that when you are infinitely closer to death, you can deeply appreciate the meaning of life.

Name：Living to Death: My Death Credits Time：2015 Author：Kaifu Li The meaning of living to death itself is that people are easily trapped in today's real world in the secular world.

Through a discourse on death The role of the cemetery no longer represents an end point

Results

It represents a journey that accompanies the living person throughout their life.

Facing death, living to die

A constant reminder to the living that human life is finite

The more painful things you are exposed to, the more you take in every day, the more you become accustomed to them.

MECHANISM ELABORATION

GENERATION LOGIC

There are five factions in the story, each with a unique style. At the age of 16, each person chooses which faction they want to choose in the future. Before that, a test is organised to see which faction they fit into. Of course, they are still free to choose. The human mind is subtle, so this distinction is not based on the person's personality in making the distinction. We try to find the five external behavioural counterparts, that is, the five ways of doing things. Every person exists with his or her shining points and flaws. There is no such thing as a pure human being; all people are born equal. We can give birth to a "tombstone" of our own in this building, when our lives are more exciting and our memorials more enriched. When we know that the length of life is limited, we increase the efficiency of our life to add colour to it, and perhaps this is what it means to live towards death.

D

T L

N A U

In mathematical terms, a minimal surface is a surface with an average curvature of 0. An example is the soap bubble seen in three dimensions. The spherical shape has the smallest surface area of any shape, given the same volume, and it is the shape that allows liquids to be held together in the tightest way.

E S S

Yes

Begin

Set initial value m=0

Disperse the machining time to n steps

m=m+1

In f a n t

Children

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In mathematics, a minimal surface is a surface that locally minimises its area. This corresponds to an average curvature of zero. The term 'minimal surface' is used because these surfaces originally appeared as surfaces that minimise the total surface area, subject to certain constraints. By dipping a wireframe into a soap solution to form a soap film, which is the smallest surface bounded by the wireframe, a physical model of an area-minimising minimal surface can be made. However, the term is used for more general surfaces that may be self-intersecting or unconstrained.

Minimal surfaces are surfaces where the average curvature at each point is zero. The study of such surfaces began with the study of surfaces with the smallest surface area that satisfy certain constraints (such as fixed boundaries or volume of accommodation), hence the term 'minimal surfaces'. In fact, minimal surfaces encompass a much wider range of concepts than such minimum area surfaces. The definition of a minimal surface can also be extended to include surfaces of constant mean curvature, i.e. subsurfaces consisting of points on a surface whose mean curvature is equal to a constant.

STEP 1

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STEP 2

STEP 3

STEP 4

d

Neovius:3*(cos(x) + cos(y) + cos(z)) + 4*cos(x) * cos(y) * cos(z)

a t ulla h

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mm

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Gyriod:cos(x) * sin(y) + cos(y) * sin(z) + cos(z) * sin(x)

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Split P Surface:1.1*(sin(2*x)*cos(y)*sin(z) + sin(2*y)*cos(z)*sin(x) + sin(2*z)*cos(x)*sin(y)) - 0.2*(cos(2*x)*cos(2*y) + cos(2*y)*cos(2*z) + cos(2*z)*cos(2*x)) - 0.4*(cos(2*y) + cos(2*z) + cos(2*x))

a nt

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Sim ps o n Gr

Personality Type

es

S o o ng

Speech

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In order to design five different "tombstones" for each of the five factions, we used five different functions to first generate five forms of minimal surfaces, then cropped and deformed them to obtain the desired five "leaf" monoliths, which were combined to give five aggregates, and the leaf monoliths corresponded to each person's tombstone, and the forms on the monoliths changed as a person's achievements changed.

Sho

Ma

Jo

A D N E G

Dm=min {L1,L2,Lp}

BASIC UNIT GENERATION

o

Bruc e Lee

Ein

g

Solve the minimal distance between the two curves in X-axial direction

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION

b

ea

Id e a

Divide the cutter and Workpiece surface into p equal parts range form-h to h to h in Z axial direction

Realism

H y p o c ris y n

D

O

C onse

R

L a w ye

m e nt

N

Likes to have a variety of possibilities, tends to act randomly and flexibly.

dg

Prefer to work in an organized and prepared manner.

Li a r

Ju

J

r

su

s

on facts S focus and details.

Ju stic e

Lidinoid Surface:0.5*(sin(2*x)* cos(y) * sin(z) + sin(2*y)* cos(z) * sin(x) + sin(2*z)* cos(x) * sin(y)) - 0.5*(cos(2*x)*cos(2*y) + cos(2*y)*cos(2*z) + cos(2*z)*cos(2*x)) + 0.15

C

A

N

D e fe n d

Loves future possibilities, and

P innovative approaches to problemsolving.

I

Enjoys group activities, multiple types of tasks, fast-paced completion, and excels at multi-threaded tasks.

T points and drawbacks, like honesty, integrity, and fairness.

Tend to use logical analysis to make decisions can objectively judge the

emotional, easy to work with, tend to make decisions based on personal F More value judgments, and consider the impact of decisions on others.

Double Gyroid:0.49*(cos( 2*x + y + z - pi) + cos( 2*x - y + z - pi) + cos(- 2*x + y - z - pi) + cos(- 2*x - y - z - pi) + cos( x + 2*y + z - pi) + cos( x + 2*y - z - pi) + cos(- x - 2*y + z - pi) + ......

T Y

Prefer to be alone, tend to complete tasks at their own pace, and focus on one thing at a time.

A M I

E

Reference: Divergent Roth, Veronica. Divergent. Thorndike Press, A Part of Gale, Cengage Learning, 2014.

Dprime Surface:0.5*(sin(x) *sin(y) * sin (z) + cos(x) * cos (y) * cos(z))- 0.5*(cos(2*x)*cos(2*y) + cos(2*y)*cos(2*z) + cos(2*z)*cos(2*x)) - 0.2

STYLING CONCEPTS

EXTERIOR SHAPE GENERATION BLADE COMBINATION

MIRROR

ROTATE TO COPY

TOWER SURFACE GENERATION

ASSEMBLING

Number of blades: 4 pieces

Step 1: Copy four leaves

Step 2: Horizontal Mirroring

Step 3: Rotation mode 1

Step 4: Combination 1

Step 1: Copy four leaves

Step 2: Horizontal Mirroring

Step 3: Rotation mode 1

Step 4: Combination 1

+ 288.000

+ 288.000

+ 255.000

+ 255.000

+ 186.000

+ 186.000

+ 153.000 + 153.000

+ 153.000 + 153.000

Number of blades: 8 pieces

+ 129.000 Step 1: Copy eight leaves

Step 2: Horizontal Mirroring

Step 3: Rotation mode 2

Step 4: Combination 2 + 105.000

+ 105.000

+ 81.000

+ 81.000

Step 1: Copy eight leaves

Step 2: Horizontal Mirroring

Step 3: Rotation mode 2

Step 4: Combination 2

+ 57.000

+ 57.000 + 48.000

Number of blades: 12 pieces

+ 0.000 Step 1: Duplication of twelve leaves

Step 2: Horizontal Mirroring

Step 3: Rotation mode 3

Step 4: Combination 3

Step 1: Formation of basic units

Step 2: Rotate and copy 4 copies

+ 288.000

+ 288.000

+ 255.000

Number of blades: 16 pieces

Step 1: Duplication of twelve leaves

Step 2: Horizontal Mirroring

Step 3: Rotation mode 3

Step 4: Combination 3

Step 1: Duplication of sixteen leaves

Step 2: Horizontal Mirroring

Step 3: Rotation mode 4

Step 4: Combination 4

+ 246.000

+ 186.000 + 177.000

+ 153.000 + 153.000 + 129.000 Step 1: Duplication of sixteen leaves

Step 2: Horizontal Mirroring

Step 3: Rotation mode 4

Step 4: Combination 4 + 105.000

+ 81.000 Number of blades: 20+ pieces

+ 57.000

+ 57.000

+ 48.000

+ 0.000 Step 1: Duplication of twenty leaves

Step 2: Horizontal Mirroring

Step 3: Rotation mode 5

Step 4: Combination 5

Step 2: Mirroring horizontally

Step 4: Rotate and copy 5 copies

CROSS-SECTIONAL VIEW

Viewing platform

EXPLOSIVE ANALYSIS

Glass fasteners Steel channel

+ 548.000

In Chinese and Western cultures, flowers are used to pay tribute to the dead or to worship the gods, so the metaphor of a person's life is a cluster of "leaves", and every time we achieve an achievement in life, we will have one more flower or leaf in our memorial, and the more merits a person has, the more luxuriant his memorial will be.The center of the vertical skyscraper memorial tower is composed of three parts: a core functional area composed of rounded rectangles, a transitional area with five flow lines, and a leaf-preserving envelope composed of very minimal Surface surfaces.

Tombstone

City Skyline

The Life Trestle

Wooden squares Side keel

Double layer plasterboard

When we know that the length of life is limited, we will improve the efficiency of life to increase the color of life, perhaps this is the meaning of "life to death", the meaning of our architecture. Time is the length of life, the shorter you use it; vision is the width of life, the wider you look; ideal is the height of life, the higher you think; mind is the thickness of life, the thicker you stack; accumulation is the density of life, the denser you accumulate.

During the walk one can reflect on the various periods of time and achievements in one's life and think about the goals for the next.

+ 460.000 Time Post Office

300 diameter steel column Important people

Light steel keel ceiling

People who have passed away

+ 428.000

Future self

Building Skin Functions The physiological quality of the building skin means that the building skin can be sensitive to changes in the outdoor Building Skin Functions air that it can quality discharge exhaust Theand physiological of the building air thethat interior and allowskin for can air be skinfrom means the building circulation exchange. air in air sensitive toand changes in theThe outdoor terlayer double skin curtain and thatofit acan discharge exhaustwall air from is centreand piece of the thethe interior allow for skin air circulation system, makingThe full use the and exchange. air inofterlayer of a temperature difference double skin curtain wall between is the centre the interior the full piece of theand skinexterior system,of making building space and the air currents use of the temperature difference to promote flaw and between theair interior andmaintain exterior of fresh air in the building interior. the building space and the air currents to promote air flaw and maintain fresh air in the building interior.

Building Skin Content This section is the outer skin section of the Skyscraper Vertical Tower.This BuildingMemorial Skin Content section is made upouter of five This section is the skin parts, which represent fiveVertical section of the Skyscraper different Thesection outer is Memorialfactions.

Tower.This skin grows theparts, content of made up ofasfive which the recordfive increases.The represent different factions. epidermis also grows undergoes The outer skin as the constant content ofchanges. the record increases.The epidermis also undergoes constant changes.

Prayer and Meditation Space Prayer of Thanksgiving

+ 392.000

Inside diameter 300 finished plaster lines

Prayer for Forgiveness

Double layer 9.5mm plasterboard

Make a wish

+ 380.000

Pray for blessings

Stress relief Eliminate negative energy Heaven and Earth keel

Multifunctional open space

Pierced keel

Cement board

Light steel keel

Double-layer wire mesh

Public spaces

Cement mortar protection layer

JS waterproofing layer

+ 300.000 + 288.000

Five Factions Memorial Hall People can come to the appropriate Dry Hard Cement Mortar memorial to find their own headstone Binder and also to find the headstone of a deceased person to pay their respects.

Mosaic back mesh

Ceramic mosaic

+ 256.000

+ 224.000

Inner Epidermis

Middle Epidermis

Outer Epidermis

Floor Structure

Facade Structure

Centre Structure

There is a public lounge area in the Memorial Hall where people can make friends with like-minded people.

Polypropylene and nylon material

+ 192.000

+ 160.000

The memorial halls of the five schools have exhibition halls with a list of achievements and a list of famous people for reference.

+ 128.000

Celebrity Tombstone Museum

+ 116.000

Inspiration through the tombstones of famous people.

UHMW-PE：UltraHigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Improves tensile strength, increases wear resistance, and reduces volume and weight.

Achievement Registry

People can enter relevant information on a smart screen at the Register of Achievements and the system will automatically register them according to the classification of the five major denominations and they will appear in your headstone.

_ 0.000 + Parking

_ 12.000

Building Skin Structures The building skin is the structurethat maintains the maintains theisbuilding and is component an building and an important of the whole important component the whole building entity.

The skinofprovides protection and building Thefor skin provides necessaryentity. privacy the interior spacesfy the building. protection and necessary privacytransition for the betweenthe The building skin is an important interior spacesfy the soaces building. and exterior of The the building and to some building skin is an important transition extent determines the primary visual impression of the betweenthe andisexterior of building.The interior epidermis shapedsoaces like aleaf,circling the building and to some extenttombstones for upwards to represent different determines theofprimary visuallines impression differenttypes people.The on the leaf represent of building.The epidermis is shaped thethe achievementsof each person,the more lines,the like aleaf,circling represent the meaning of more efficient theupwards life, thustoprolonging different tombstones differenttypes life.The metaphor of afor person's life is a of cluster of people.The ontime the leaf represent "leaves", andlines every we achieve anthe achievement in achievementsof person,the life, we will have each one more flowermore or leaf in our lines,the more life, thus memorial, and efficient the morethe merits a person has, the more prolonging meaning life. luxuriant histhe memorial willofbe.

Centre Functions The centre of the vertical skyscraper consists of three Centre Functions parts: a coreofoffice area The centre the vertical made up ofconsists rounded skyscraper of rectangles, three parts:aatransitional core office area with five streamlined made up of rounded lines,and a blade-prerectangles, a transitional serving envelope made area with five streamlined up of verya small curved lines,and blade-preserving surfaces.The coreuparea is envelope made of very surrounded a small curvedby surfaces.The streamlined transition core area is surrounded area, while the long by a streamlined outer skin area, of thewhile blade transition the is interspersed long outer skin of the between the core area blade is interspersed and the transition between the core area area. and the transition area.

Core Function This section is the tower section of a super tall vertical building cemetery with a floor plate consisting of rounded rectangles containing the main functional spaces.It contains mainly office space, management space and basic cemetery use space.The different functional zones are connected by a central core space,which also contains the main traffic box space.Includes basic transport facilities such as stairwells, fire escapes and high-speed scenic lifts.

Frame Structure Frame structure is a structure composed of longitudinal beams, cross beams and columns, this structure is a structure where beams and columns are rigidly connected to form a skeleton.According to the analysis, when the height of the frame house increases, the lateral force effect grows sharply and when the building reaches a certain height.The basic core are including fire escapes and high-speed lifts.

Floor Space The floor space of the core, which is roughly divided into three levels, is mainly subject to vertical loads in the horizontal direction.The floor slabs also act as acoustic insulation, to keep the upper and lower levels from interfering with each other.

Vertical Component The thin tubes hanging down from the upper diffusion intersect each other horizontally as well as vertically. They were built before the outer skin of the building. They were initially used as a means of transporting parts of the outer skin, and were one of the engineering tools used in the construction of the building. Later, they were also used as a means of transport as the building became more complete and massive. At the same time, during this period, he was also an echo of the leaf decoration, which had a certain aesthetic effect. After the building was finally complete, it offered the engineering possibility of removing the outer skin of the building. At the same time, the large number of slender monoliths hanging down echoed the meaning of the leaves on the exterior skin of the building, and provided a rich experience of light and shadow for the people inside and outside the building.

RENDERING

In Eastern thought, it is customary to refuse to talk about death, as if it were an inauspicious symbol. Nowadays, most of the ways to honor the deceased are in the form of cemeteries. Kai-Fu Lee has mentioned the idea of taking death credits, so we do not just focus on the afterlife, but on the process from life to death, and each person has his own tombstone at birth. We hope to create a vertical cemetery that can inspire the world and find the purpose of life through a super high-rise building.

Using the movie Divergent as a narrative starting point, we divide personal achievements into five major types: dauntless, selfless, erudite, honest, and friendly. Dauntless represents bravery and fearlessness in action.

Abnegation stands for helpfulness and selflessness. The erudite school, on the other hand, exalts knowledge. The Honest faction exalts honesty and order. The friendly faction is kind-hearted and amicable. In our building, everyone who reaches the age of 16 can choose one or more schools of colors in their own memorial, born as a human being, everyone is equal, we are born with our own "tombstone" in this building. In Chinese and Western cultures, flowers are used to pay tribute to the dead or to worship the gods, so the metaphor of a person's life is a cluster of "leaves", and every time we achieve an achievement in life, we will have one more flower or leaf in our memorial, and the more merits a person has, the more luxuriant his memorial will be. In addition, the shape of the flower is extremely like the shape of a flame, alluding to the fire of life in all its splendor.

DANCE WITH LIGHT

IME

TYPE:Architecture Design Project/Individual Work ARCHITECTURAL TYPE:Factory Conversion DATE OF PROJECT:2022.04-2023.06

Light is one of the most important components of nature and a presence that is often used in architecture. Different light can bring different feelings to people, so the use of light is also an important part of the architect's design considerations. However, the use of light in most of the architectural designs is still rough. This project hopes to achieve a precise control of light. This project aims to achieve a precise control of light, a unified replacement and functional upgrade of the building's façade or windows.

Light changes over time, and changing light creates very different effects on the interior and exterior of a building. If changing architectural installations are adapted to changing light conditions, then a degree of precise control of light can be achieved. After studying the angle and effect of light, we designed an architectural device that can move and change to replace the function of walls and windows. While realising the basic spatial function of the building, it also optimises the control of light conditions. In addition, the device will be software-controlled and supplemented with other basic functions. Finally, the device will be used experimentally in the renovation of a factory building.

BASIC LIGHT STUDY

BASIC UNITS&COMPLICATED LIGHT STUDY

The study of the combined effects of different forms, and combinations of forms, in a light and shadow environment (changes in time). We also hope to study the possible "chemical reactions" between the forms. At the same time, we will not only focus on the light and shadow on one surface, but also look at the shadow of the object as a body, and study the combination of light and shadow on a deeper level.

With the hope of achieving effective variable control of light (light and shadow are also changing over time), and in conjunction with the study of the light and shadow of basic forms, three types of basic monolithic units of light and shadow control devices have been made, and given the necessary physical and mechanical structures to realise the flexibility of the devices. The three basic monomers are then extended to create a variety of devices with different functions and effects. The effects and functions of these devices were tested in different light and physical environments. To classify the various types of devices in order to facilitate the next step of personalisation for different functional requirements.

Direction and angle of light source no light

90° light

60° E light

60° W light

45° S light

Rotating Type I have listed three basic forms of faces separately: rectangular, triangular and circular. Firstly, the variier.

After this study, the results obtained were classified into the following table, which was used

180° S light

Component

Material

flat

Support frame(top half) 1

1-1

1-2

1-3

1-4

wood,concrete metal,plastic.composite

1-5 Intelligent control component

sloping 2

2-1

2-2

2-3

2-4

2-5

curved 1

Monolayer shapes

Motor

3

3-1

3-2

3-3

3-4

3-5

curved 2 4

4-1

4-2

4-3

4-4

4-5

Central axis

transparent plastic solid wood,matte meatal

Sealing Strip

soft wood,metal translucent plastic,polymers

Slab

slim 5-2

5-3

5-4

5-5

6 intersecting overlapping sheltered

metal,glass,wood,stone translucent/non-transparent plastic

Header

metal,plastic,hard wood

Screws

metal,hard plastic

Controllable groups

Complete assembly

6-1

6-2

6-3

6-4

6-5

Component

8

7-1

8-1

7-2

8-2

7-3

8-3

7-4

8-4

8-5

multi-material mix

Rope set

wire rope,cord

Sliding set

multi-material mix

Sealing Strip Slab

top and bottom open

larger open

striped interior wall 1

striped interior wall 2

striped interior wall 3

people block the sun

vertical sun

people blocked

striped external wall 1

striped external wall 2

striped external wall 3

four corners open

close all

open in the middle

square roof 1

square roof 2

square roof 3

close all

open sightline

open entrance

square interior wall 1

square interior wall 2

square interior wall 3

close all

fixed exposure(time1)

fixed exposure(time2)

square external wall 1

square external wall 2

square external wall 3

close all

multiple function

single function

flipping roof 1

flipping roof 2

flipping roof 3

close all

placing space

open entrance

flipping interior wall 1

flipping interior wall 2

flipping interior wall 3

close all

sheltered space

placing space

flipping external wall 1

flipping external wall 2

flipping external wall 3

soft wood,metal translucent plastic,polymers metal,glass,wood,stone translucent/non-transparent plastic

Slip band 9

9-1

9-2

9-3

9-4

fixed material

9-5

multi-material mix fixed material

Controllable groups 10

10-1

10-2

10-3

10-4

10-5

Support frame (bottom half) Complete assembly

11-1

11-2

11-3

11-4

11-5

12

12-1

12-2

1-3

12-4

12-5

Flipping Type I have listed three basic forms of faces separately: rectangular, triangular and circular. Firstly, the variier. After this study, the results obtained were classified into the following table, which was used Material

Support frame(top half)

wood,concrete metal,plastic.composite metal,hard plastic

Screws Rotating slab 13-1

13-2

13-3

13-4

13-5

Sealing Strip 14

14-1

14-2

14-3

14-4

14-5

metal,glass,wood,stone translucent/non-transparent plastic metal,plastic,hard wood

15-1

15-2

15-3

15-4

soft wood,metal translucent plastic,polymers

Controllable groups Slab

15

fixed material metal,glass,wood,stone translucent/non-transparent plastic

Controlling set

multi-material mix

Mixed set

multi-material mix

15-5

Support frame (bottom half) 16

16-1

16-2

16-3

16-4

16-5

wood,concrete metal,plastic.composite multi-material mix

Component

multi-flat multi-crossed

fully open.

7-5

vertical multi-proactive

striped roof 3

wood,concrete metal,plastic.composite

Header multi-curved

striped roof 2

Material

Controllable groups 7

11 muti-vertical

striped roof 1

wood,concrete metal,plastic.composite multi-material mix

Support frame(top half)

13 Multilayered interacting shapes

45° W light exposure

fixed material

Sliding block proactive

Multi-layered complex combinations of shapes

vertical light exposure

Panning Type I have listed three basic forms of faces separately: rectangular, triangular and circular. Firstly, the variier. After this study, the results obtained were classified into the following table, which was used

multiple

Double-layered simple combination of shapes

5-1

45° E light exposure

prescribed metal

Support frame (bottom half)

5

various metal electronic elements

Complete assembly

wood,concrete metal,plastic.composite multi-material mix

APPLICATION SYSTEMS

COMPONENT OF SEVERAL TYPES

The product is accompanied by a professional mobile phone software programme, which provides basic operation and control of the product, as well as purchasing, after-sales and communication platform functions. Form a perfect product ecology.

effe and the mix of functions to categorise the types. At the same time, it also provides more paradigms for the simulation of Modelling the different needs of different users for various aspects creates a variety of common project modelling paradigms. It also predicts the effects of light and shadow at different times ct1 the system. It also indicates the various material combinations of each component to show the effect of different material combinations for users to choose. It also provides more inspiration for the user's personal creation.

This app will include everything that you might use depending on the project.

It will be constantly expanded based on customer feedback.

'LOGIN' page

After logging in, it will directly display the existing assets of the individual and indicate the distance of each item as well as the status of its use, in order to better enable the user to operate it.

'ASSET' page

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MY ACCOUNT contains all the functions for communication and contact as well as aftersales services.

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Type

LIGHT Register Login

Analogue

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Assets

Several methods

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The first step in making a new project is to select the type of project you want according to the existing types given.

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A variety of official and private postings can be viewed directly in the community to provide an open platform for interaction.

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NODAL SAMPLE frame

unit 1

connection node

unit 3 2mm varnish plaster

motor

unit 4 unit 2

metal sheet cover

slab

panel attachment fastener 2mm varnish plaster 3mm iron cover 100*10mm steel diagonal support beam 3mm plate 100*10mm steel diagonal support beam

metal cover

fastening screws

pre-embedded connection block

Half profile structure

1mm varnish plaster 100*20mm iron diagonal support beam

3mm plate

5mm plank

100*10mm steel diagonal support beam

1mm varnish plaster fastening screws

perimeter system extrusion sealant/baker rod unit 3 plastic 'horseshoe style' shims irstallation clips

fastening screws

M12 attachment fastener

marble threshold

Ground connection node

unit 4

2mm varnish plaster 3mm iron cover 100*10mm steel diagonal support beam

steel cylinder rigid iron

ground

Overall elevation structure

3mm iron cover 100*10mm steel diagonal support beam

hard plastic

central axis

Component connection node

Internal wall unit structure

Internal corner unit construction

INTERIOR RENDERINGS Perspective views of the interior from different positions and perspectives show how light entering the building at different times of day creates different experiences of light and shadow. The angle and height of the light changes all the time from morning to night, and the building itself changes with the light. The superposition of the two creates a light and shadow effect that enriches the viewer's perception. At the same time, as the building's interior light is turned on, it creates a whole new experience. The relationship between indoor and outdoor light also determines the difference between indoor and outdoor experiences. It also reflects the double-sided nature of light and the sense of volume.

Time:21:00

Time:18:00

Time:15:00

Time:12:00

Time:9:00

Time:6:00

RENDERING

The light changes over time, and at the same time the various parts of the building move as the light changes according to human preference. The whole building and the people in it dance with the light. The building has evolved from its original form to its present form and is a response to time.

TYPE-CITY TYPE:Architecture Design Project/Group Work ARCHITECTURAL TYPE:Building Appurtenances DATE OF PROJECT:2023.07-2023.08

A particular result of China's rapid urbanisation has been the emergence of speculative construction and relatively slowdeveloping areas, sometimes referred to as "ghost cities". It should be noted that this phenomenon is immature and a failure from the point of view of urban planning. We would like to describe this development as "high-density sprawl" without preconceived judgements. For the future of high-density urban sprawl, we suggest that we look at the issue from a health perspective.

Based on Plato's ideal description of the city-state and Lefebvre's theory of spatial production, we want to give the citizens a space with more choices and a new spatial order. The form of space and the topological relationship between spaces are completely chosen by the citizens, so as to realise their freedom of choice in the high-density sprawling city, and to fight against the suffocating exploitation of people in the present city. We place these spaces on residential buildings. Like type-c sockets, the sockets can be freely connected to each other. The activities and choices of the citizens in these spaces can bring more mental health to the people.

China's urbanization rate

U.S. Urbanization Rate

Lack of outdoor activity space Fear of height and calamity like fire hazard or earthquakes

STRESSFUL

Air pollution

Le Corbusier

Water pollution

The most famous architect, urban planner and writer of the 20th century, a radical and leading figure in the modern architectural movement, a leading proponent of modernist architecture, an important founder of the machine aesthetic, known as the 'flag bearer of modern architecture' and a leading figure in functionalist architecture, known as the 'father of functionalism'.

feel

we

ll !

ANXIOUS

n't

Lack of green space

About 80 years

China's urbanisation begins to accelerate

Fast-paced living environment

DOPAMINE

Approx. 30%

I do

ANXIOUS

Psychological uncomfortableness caused by Sick Building Syndrome

STRESSFUL

Urbanization rate

Resources spent

About 120 years

Noise pollution

Original Food

Urban growth rate Note: Figure A represents the urban growth gain curve and B represents the resource spend curve.

Figure 1 Illustration of urban growth gains and resource consumption at different growth rates

Land waste

Encroachment on agricultural land

2. The over-expansion of suburbanised construction has resulted in a serious waste of land resources.

Due to the arbitrary settlement of foreign population, including the establishment of development zones, university towns and industrial parks, some cities have spread and expanded like a "pie", resulting in a waste of land resources.· 3. Causing further stratification of social classes.

Increased segregation between classes due to differences in income. Even within the same settlement, the lack of public space for activities reduces opportunities for interaction.

Center decline

SEROTONIN OXYTOCIN

BODY MECHANISM

HAPPY CHEMICALS

SOCIAL CONDITION

LOW SELF-ESTEEM

Speed of Urban Expansion

Active in social activities

Enjoy Music

Urban Density

Proportion of Tall Buildings

1st-tier cities

Third ring

Third ring

Third ring

Rural

2nd-tier cities

Second ring

Second ring

Second ring

City ​​center

City ​​center

3rd-tier cities Anxiety Disorder Ratio

Depression Ratio

Mood Disorder Ratio Urban

Urban

Urban

Rural

Rural

Rural

Rural

4. The urban space shows a "nebulous" disorderly urban form Urban development no longer follows the rule of compact development directly outwards from the densely built-up areas of the city, the urban and rural edges are blurred, and the spatial form of the city is not in line with the intensive "Jing Yang growth" principle.

Urban pollution

High density building

Impact of City on Mental Health

Mental Health of Urban Residents

Third ring

Below the 7th floor

High density

Sub-health

Second ring

7th to 15th floors

Medium density

Mental problems

City ​​center

Above the 15th floor

Low density

Mental health

insomnia depression vulnerability crankiness

1. Population growth and urbanisation: China has a large population, urbanisation is accelerating and the population continues to flock to cities.

2. Economic development needs: Cities carry most of the economic activity and development needs. In order to meet the needs of economic development, urban expansion is inevitable.

3. Land resource supply: Urban sprawl requires large amounts of land resources, but land resources are limited. Urban expansion is limited by the supply of land, making it impossible to completely stop urban sprawl.

4. Inadequate urban planning and management: Some cities are not planned and managed scientifically and effectively enough, and lack long-term development strategies and control measures.

5. Uneven socio-economic development: China's socio-economic development is uneven, with some developed regions attracting large amounts of resources and population, while some less developed regions lack attraction. Urban sprawl cannot be distributed in a balanced manner across the country.

Reasons of the characters The implementation and development of national economic policies have led to urban sprawl

Earle Draper(1937)

The trend of urban sprawl is an epidemic outward fluctuation

cardiovascular disease elderly obesity hypertension

According to the survey, more than 5% of patients with high-rise syndrome who lived in the building for a long time experienced discomfort such as dizziness, dizziness, chest tightness, and shortness of breath; 31% felt unresponsive; 27% experienced tears in their eyes ; 47% of people feel tired; 60% of people are prone to colds; 50% of people will have different degrees of blood circulation disorders.

Uneven economic development across regions, leading to unlimited sprawl in large cities while small cities remain untouched

Outsiders flock to the city

The demise of spiritual values

ancient city

Plato

Economic entities

Disappearance of space for differentiation

Humanity in all its glory

Production sites

World war II

Third phase of the city

Lefebvre

Corbusier

value、quest、reflection

This superstructural thinking of urban architectural planners or functionalists who turn themselves into urban space makers, into makers of worldviews and centres of power.

The Functionalist City

Corbusier

This is a departure from the starting point and purpose of the city, which has always been to care for and look after the lives and physical and mental state of human beings.

Lefebvre

Corbusier

But look at our city now, it has become a huge machine in which man does not enjoy himself physically and mentally.

Nowadays when we think of cities we first think of the buildings, traffic and other factors in the city, not the people. It is not wrong to arrange the city according to its functions, but to follow them will only lead to disaster.

Absence of people

Absolute rationalisation of the elements in the city

In good conscience they do also do an excellent job of fulfilling the necessary human needs to keep the city well fed and well slept. Leaving other ordinary people without the possibility of participating in decisions to transform the larger space, they are forced to accept the values of the city that alienate people, bringing about physical and mental busyness and spiritual disharmony.

If the city is not laid out according to my theory, it will turn into a disaster and everything will go back to the source of chaos. So the city is now a foregone conclusion.

People listen to the city

Centre of power

Corbusiers

more people

The planner becomes the sole operator of the space

more trouble High-density urban sprawl

Space is not accessible to the general public

Solve metropolitan problems

REFLECTION

people Natural Rhythm

City Order Rhythm

One can only passively accept the order of the city

Environmental factors

Cause disharmony of mind and body

Other factors Degree of Mental Illness in Cities Normal score

High density building

The stresses of human life

Congested traffic

Crowd congestion

Functionalist metropolises and new towns do solve many of the problems of human life in them very well. But such metropolises disregard the human being as a subject excessively.

This has given rise to a series of problems for the human being in the city, as well as a growing fear of the city as a product designed for people.

Critiquire the production of urban space Fight for rights Resist abstract urban space acted upon by modern capital

Low score Medium-high score High score

Children who live in high-rise buildings for a long time are less exposed to the outdoor environment. If they only play indoors for a long time, their mental construction will be affected.

Adults who work and live in high-level for a long time, are introverted, sensitive, and unwilling to communicate with others. Such people are more prone to hesitation, depression and other emotions.

Elderly people who live in high-rise residences are more likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease, senile obesity, hypertension and other diseases.

Mean Mental Health Index

Mental Health Issues

Lefebvre

Middle score

Mental health index

dizziness poor immunity

The power of difference to achieve a critique of capitalism

people

The proportion of high-rise syndrome age groups

not confident bad at expressing lack of security timid

The dangers of urban sprawl

Second phase of the city

City ​​center

Traffic congestion

Impact on Mental Health

The demise of the human quest

Factors of Urban Mental Illness

Urban

Mental Illness Distribution

We are keen to arrange all the urban details in a clear-cut manner, and these relationships and elements are the essence of a city. When the density of people is high, I add some residential projects; when people are far away, I add some metro and transport projects.

Disappearance of an ancient public space

Population Growth

Urban

Proportion of Mental Illnesses

My functionalism can be a good solution to the problems of human habitation in the city, traffic, air and noise pollution, crowd movement, landscape architecture and public spaces such as parkland, plants, light, recreation sports and art.

Exercise Healthy interpersonal relationships

Paris

Past ideas about urban planning have had many bad consequences, but there are also new ways of doing things that are creeping in.

Analysis of urban sprawl and mental illness Proportion of Population

Utopia:The aim of the philosophy of the ancient Greek city-state was to seek the ideal life of people gathered together. So the city was supposed to be a very good state for human life, and its decision-making and planning was supposed to be managed by people who were both wise and humane in their virtues.

Sunbathing

Lack of attractive social space

Dealing with excessive interpersonal relationships

Plato

Beautiful things

ENDORPHIN

1. The spread has caused irreparable damage to the ecological and human environment.

The spread of encroachment on basic agricultural land has also encroached on farmland, grassland and forests. This has led to a decline in the quality of air and water, ecological damage, a reduction in urban green spaces and environmental degradation.

Crowded public space due to dense population

ANXIOUS

The dangers of urban sprawl

Uninteresting homogenized life

MENTAL PROBLEMS

Year Source: Data from the website of the National Bureau of Statistics of China and the website of the United States Bureau of Statistics.

Figure 2 Urbanization in China and the United States

As can be seen from Figure 2, China's urban sprawl started late, with a low rate of urbanisation at the start, but urban sprawl accelerated rapidly. Because of the low rate of urbanisation at the start, urban sprawl inevitably included a component of reasonable urban growth, whereas the phenomenon of excessive urban acceleration in China has shown that reasonable urban growth is gradually being replaced by urban sprawl, with the two intertwining and overlapping somewhat indistinguishably.

The massive movement of labor force from rural and rural areas to urban areas has led to a serious imbalance in the ratio of urban to rural population, resulting in the continuous expansion of cities

Meditation

First phase of the city

His major works include Dialectical Materialism , Critique of Everyday Life, The Problem of Reality in Marxism, Summary and Beyond, Marx, Philosophy, Meta-Philosophy, Everyday Life in the Modern World, On the State, and Surviving Capitalism.

Garbage pollution

Reasonable growth Loneliness caused by confined space

1848

He is a master of modern French thought who was born together with the 20th century and has left a rich spiritual legacy of more than 60 books and 300 essays for posterity in a career spanning more than 60 years.

He is recognised as the "father of the critical theory of everyday life", the "father of modern French dialectics", and an important founder of regional sociology, especially urban sociological theory.

Light pollution and less sunlight due to closed high buildings

MENTAL PROBLEMS

Visual pressure caused by little space between high buildings

MIND MAP

Henri Lefebvre

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

Spreading growth

Feeling of insignificance caused by high building density

HIGH-RISE SYNDROME

The United States was the first country where urban sprawl emerged: in the 1950s it was mainly the middle class that went to the suburbs, by the 1970s the general population could also afford to move to the suburbs, and after the 1980s factory districts and office parks also went to the suburbs. Urban sprawl in the United States is a low density.

China's urban sprawl emerged later, with urbanisation moving into a high growth phase after the reform and opening up, but the rate of population urbanisation lagged behind the rate of land urbanisation. As shown in Figure 1, it is the intertwining of the need to meet normal urban growth with the pursuit of excess inefficient urban gains that has seen sprawl consume excessive resources and compress the space for future urban development. It is a high density of urban sprawl.

REFERENCE

Types of mental health problems in High Density Sprawl

ARCHITECTURAL FORM

The difference between urban sprawl in China and the United States

MENTAL HEALTH SITUATION STRESSFUL

The term "urban sprawl" was first coined by William H. Whyte in 1958 to describe the phenomenon of suburban enclave development. Urban sprawl refers to a low-density, transit-dependent settlement pattern.

It is the intrusion of rural and undeveloped areas outside of work and service areas, and is a new urban spatial form characterised by the development and use of land in distant suburbs of cities. In general, urban sprawl is the uncontrolled expansion and spread of urbanised areas.

LOW SELF-ESTEEM

URBAN SPRAWL

Landscape in architecture

Graffiti of human behaviour

Personalised small shops

Art installation in a railway station

Today there are already many urban space operators and urbanites who are trying to find ways to change their space by their own efforts. Instead of constantly being passive to the rhythms of the city, they are beginning to assert their own natural rhythms to soften the impact of the city on them. There is even a group of urban planners getting involved in the process.

Unidirectional

The logic of nondirectionality

Giving legitimacy to a new social space

Space operators

SITE SELECTION

Space for differentiated operations

Hanyang district suburb of Wuhan City Located on the outskirts of the city, with dense and high-floor housing, but with a small population, resulting from high-density urban sprawl.

Deconstruction and recombination of spatial assemblage forms

planners

people

Differentiated behaviour

chances

exhausted to shed tears

More fun from the city

unresponsive circulation barrier

Mental health spreading citiesoperations

The age change trend of mental health level For these reasons, urban sprawl cannot be stopped or avoided, so the trend of urban sprawl can be accommodated through planning and design

Site selection

big cities

China Wuhan Hanyang District

Heavy industrial overdevelopment of urban centers is so polluting that urban sprawl is necessary to evacuate heavy industrial industries

Large number of vacant dwellings

Adequate population potential

Possibility of conversion

Attraction to people

Mitigate high urban density sprawl Treating the psychological problems of urbanites

TYPE-CITY DESIGN CONCEPT

Concept flow chart

Based on the literature on architectural psychology, type-C small interfaces with a psychological healing effect were designed, with a height of 3-5m to match the residential building, a white colour and a wall-to-window

Concept

ratio of about 60%, which are the most comfortable standards, and a variety of shapes

Due to the passive acceptance of a fixed urban order that has already been designed, and the lack of "differentiated" spaces to meet the individual needs of residents, residents are reluctant to go out after returning home from work, leading to the phenomenon of "ghost towns" in high-density sprawling cities. Due to the closed environment and the lack of healthy socialising and activities, people develop various psychological problems. In order to solve these psychological problems, we designed the type-C small interface and type-C large interface for the residents, with the intention of connecting people with the city as well as connecting people with people, and providing the residents with a healthy urban space for socialising and activities that can be freely defined.The small interface has no fixed function; its active function is freely given by the inhabitants. The mechanical structure in the three-dimensional space allows the mini-interface to move freely, allowing the inhabitants to define the spatial order according to their own wishes. The combination of the small interface and the supporting and mobile mechanical structure creates different forms of type-C large interfaces, which create different emotional experiences; at the same time, the large interfaces can be connected to different floors or residential buildings.

and textures. Below are four of them as prototypes:

The combination of small interfaces and mechanical structures for support and mobility creates a rich mix of spaces, i.e. different forms of type-C large interfaces, which spatially create different emotional

containing different shapes, activity dimensions

experiences. At the same time, different large interfaces

and textures.

can be connected to each other.

Analysis The small interfaces Adult

do not have a fixed function, but their activity is freely assigned by the inhabitants.

Different forms of type-C large interfaces includes narrow

The mechanical structure in three-dimensional space allows them to

or spacious space, closed or open space, complex or simple space, boring or

Child

move freely, which let inhabitants define the spatial order as they wish.

interesting space, ordered or unordered space, which spatially give people different emotional experiences.

Oldman

BLOCK EVOLUTION Morning

Noon

Afternoon

In the morning young In the noon young people are The need to go out gradually people and teenagers usually at work and not at increases in the afternoon need to pack up and home, the elderly are doing their as adults and children come leave for work and own things, younger children home from work and school, school, while older people are just getting up and there is and the elderly are busy usually stay at home. less need for outing activities. with the day's events.

Evening The demand for going out is strongest in the evening when adults finish working late and children and the elderly are eager to go out to socialize and play.

Process

Original building

Add Type-C ports on the West and East sides

Add Type-C ports on the North sides

Reference: Xu Hong. Research on comprehensive perception and behavioural impact of indoor environment in public buildings[C].

Tianjin University,2017.

T Y P E 1

original construction 1.1

original construction reinforcement 1.1

space for transportation 1.1

space for maneuver 1.1

variable activity space 1.1

original construction 1.2

original construction reinforcement 1.2

space for transportation 1.2

space for maneuver 1.2

variable activity space 1.2

original construction 2.1

original construction reinforcement 2.1

space for transportation 2.1

space for maneuver 2.1

variable activity space 2.1

original construction 2.2

original construction reinforcement 2.2

space for transportation 2.2

space for maneuver 2.2

variable activity space 2.2

original construction 3.1

original construction reinforcement 3.1

space for transportation 3.1

space for maneuver 3.1

variable activity space 3.1

original construction 3.2

original construction reinforcement 3.2

space for transportation 3.2

space for maneuver 3.2

variable activity space 3.2

original construction 4.1

original construction reinforcement 4.1

space for transportation 4.1

space for maneuver 4.1

variable activity space 4.1

original construction 4.2

original construction reinforcement 4.2

space for transportation 4.2

space for maneuver 4.2

variable activity space 4.2

Integrated space 1

Connect different buildings through Type-C ports

Result

Type-C, the functions of which are totally decided by residents themselves, provides undefined space for residents to freely carry out different activities. Everybody can create the order of living environment on their own initiative. Also, people don't have to go far away, they can join the community from different floors or buildings whenever they want only by walking a few steps from their rooms to the Type-C ports. Thanks to Type-C, feelings like stressful, low self-esteem and anxious caused by closed space and social conditions can be greatly alleviated. Thanks to Type-C, there will be more interesting space for people to explore so that people wish to go outside instead of stucking in their rooms, which solves the problem.

T Y P E 2

T Y P E 3 0:00-4:00

4:00-8:00

8:00-12:00

T Y P E 4

12:00-16:00

16:00-20:00

Integrated space 2

20:00-0:00

Integrated space 3

Integrated space 4

EXPLOSIVE ANALYSIS

AXONOMETRIC VIEW Reinforcement of the steel frame

Reinforcement of the steel frame

concrete fill in combination wall combination wall end columns concrete filling in node area

Lightweight reflective translucent plastic

side sealing plate LOAD-BEARING STRUCTURE AT THE TYPE-C INTERFACE

Lightweight steel plates

H-beams placed in the node area

Lightweight steel plates

single side bolt

Lightweight reflective translucent plastic

steel beam

stiffening ribs

type-c small interface

end plates

column wall (node zone H-beam flange) combination wall

type-c small interface

open-air camp open-air amphitheater

open-air restaurant

transport link

transport link

Platform Type One

Platform Type Two

Lightweight reflective translucent plastic

Reinforcement of the steel frame

CAMPING PLATFORMS AND SUNKEN THEATRE

Reinforcement of the steel frame

Lightweight reflective translucent plastic

type-c small interface

TYPE-C INTERFACE

type-c small interface

Lightweight steel plates

Lightweight steel plates

transport link Climbing space for vines

Camping platform

Internal Dining Room

sunken theatre transport link

Event Plaza

Platform Type Three

Platform Type Four

FITNESS SPACE AND CHILDREN'S ACTIVITY SPACE

CONNECTION CHANNEL LOAD-BEARING COLUMN

Reinforcement of the steel frame

Lightweight reflective translucent plastic CONNECTION CHANNEL

Reinforcement of the steel frame

Lightweight reflective translucent plastic

Lightweight steel plates type-c small interface

OPEN-AIR RESTAURANT AND COMMUNICATION PLAZA

Lightweight steel plates

type-c small interface

transport link TYPE-C INTERFACE

outdoor plaza commercial space transport link

Platform Type Five

Fitness space

Platform Type Six

EXPLOSIVE ANALYSIS

The type-c interfaces between platforms are components that can be flexibly active. The interface channel is in a contracted state when not in use. When someone chooses this path and defines the focus of their connection, the channel elongates and connects according to the corresponding form of connection (depending on the positional relationship between the two interfaces) to form a traffic channel, allowing a new spatial order to be created between the two different platform spaces. The different and changing spatial systems of traffic between the platforms as a whole, superimposed on each other, will produce very different additional spaces in the building.

Illustration of truncation of platform 1 with unused channels

Channel change in progress

Channel change final form (longest state)

Dual-channel connection method 1

terminal port

At the longest distance the user will be allowed to pass to the next platform.

Straight line connection type:The fastest and easiest way to connect，Minimum connection distance,The port with the most possibilities

relation 1 platform 1

connection

channel

There are multiple ports on top of the platform where access foundations can be placed, and the ports are illuminated to guide the user when not in use.

RENDERING

metal

transparent plastic

The channel will elongate after activated.

Dual-channel connection method 2 This connection will be the most basic elongation method for each channel. The advantage lies in its convenience but lacks the flexibility of connecting different spaces.

transport link

relation 2

relation 3

relation 1

relation 2 relation 3

This type of connection will become the more basic extension for most passages.

The advantage is that it combines convenience with flexibility.

Inclined connection type:Access across floor height differences,Less connection distance,More flexible and versatile connection possibilities

Dual-channel connection method 3

relation 1

This form of connection offers more possibilities for connecting different platforms, making it possible to open up spatial connections between platforms over long

relation 2

distances as well as between interfaces at different angles.

relation 3

Turning connection type:The most flexible connection,More complex infrastructure,More combination possibilities,Possibility of longer connections

Residents can freely choose to access different platforms and change the organisation of the platform space according to their needs. The functionality of the platforms is given meaning and categorised according to the needs of the population. Residents can also choose whether or not to connect to different platforms and the form of connection. The whole spatial system will be changed and expressed according to the wishes of the residents. The result is a "living your best life" with the freedom of choice of the city's inhabitants.

OTHER WORKS Ⅲ

Ⅳ

Name:Xian Zhou Wuhan University of Technology, Urban and Rural Planning Date of Birth:1st,June,2001 E-mail:923037728@qq.com Tel:+86 15827446190 Ⅰ

Ⅱ

Ⅰ - Ⅳ：DRAWINGS：Ⅰ - Ⅱ Fountain Pen Drawing Ⅲ - Ⅳ Marker Copy Ⅴ - Ⅶ：PHTOGRAPHY：V Flower Ⅵ Seats Ⅶ Hairpin

Ⅷ - Ⅺ：ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN：Ⅶ - Ⅹ Commemorative Museum

Ⅺ Residential Area Design

Ⅷ

Special Thanks Ⅸ

Ⅹ

Special thanks to Wuhan University of Technology,Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture;Prof.

Wang,Prof.Bai,Prof.Wu,Prof.

Zhao,Dr.Mo for my education and valuable advices for my design.

Special thanks to Prof.Wang for inspiration in architectural concept and development.

Ⅴ

Special thanks to Junzhuo Zhang,Jinggan Du,Changyu Yang and Zhengqing Xu for guidance and help in portfolio.Special thanks to my friends Chengjun Jia,Pu Wang and Qingyu Zhang for their companion and encouragement during preparation for study.

Special thanks to Hao Liu,Jingyi Liu and Haibo Sun for our excellent group works in Bachelor studies.

Special thanks to Wei Ren during my internship which deepen my understanding of architecture my cooperation skills.

Ⅵ

Ⅶ

Ⅺ

Special thanks to my belioved families for ther supports.