Bio-nel Air purifier facade

VIETNAM

BIO - NEL CapitaLand Sustainability X Challenge

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A. INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Reasons for choosing a topic and current situation of air pollution worldwide 2. Sources of air pollution 3. Harms of air pollution to human health 4. Preconcept Idea

B. CONTENTS 1. Algae technology: 1.1. About algae and biological characteristics of algae 1.2. Air renewed process 1.3. Lifespan 2. Air filtration technology: 2.1. Air filtration technologies 2.2. Technology used in design 3. Technology of Bio-nel 3.1. Combination of 2 technologies 3.2. Module shape 3.3. Pattern design 3.4. Module detail plans 4. Application into practice: 4.1. Design ideas 4.2. Detail Plan 4.3.Structure, material 4.4. Illustraions 5. Adaptability and different applications of Bio-nel

C. CONCLUSIONS 4

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A. 6

INTRODUCTION

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01

AIR POLLUTION ?

CURRENT SITUATION

Air pollution is one of the world’s largest health ( 5th ) and environmental problems. It develops in two contexts: indoor (household) air pollution and outdoor air pollution.

Why did we choose air pollution to join the contest ?

Air pollution threatens the health of people in many parts of the world. New estimates in 2018 reveal that 9 out of 10 people breathe air containing high levels of pollutants. Both ambient (outdoor) and household (indoor) air pollution are responsible for about 7 million deaths globally per year; in the Western Pacific Region alone, around 2.2 million people die each year.

In Vietnam, around 60 000 deaths each year are air pollution-related. (https://www.who.int/vietnam/health-topics/air-pollution )

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(Data published by Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017) Results. Seattle, United States: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), 2018. http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool )

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SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION

2.2. Indoor air pollution

2.1. Outdoor air pollution

There are four main types of air pollution sources: Mobile sources – such as cars, buses, planes, trucks, and trains Stationary sources – such as power plants, oil refineries, industrial facilities, and factories Area sources – such as agricultural areas, cities, and wood burning fireplaces Natural sources – such as wind-blown dust, wildfires, and volcanoes.

(Mobile, stationary, area, and natural sources all emit pollution into the air. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/air/sources.htm )

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(Source : https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/introduction-indoor-air-quality )

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HARMS OF AIR POLLUTION TO HUMAN HEALTH Short term exposure ▸ Irritation of the eyes, nose and throat ▸ Coughing ▸ Chest tightness ▸ Shortness of breath

Long term exposure ▸ Increased respiratory symptoms, such as irritation of the airways, coughing or difficulty breathing ▸ Decreased lung function ▸ Aggravated asthma ▸ Development of chronic respiratory disease in children ▸ Development of chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive lung disease ▸ Irregular heartbeat ▸ Nonfatal heart attacks ▸ Premature death in people with heart or lung disease, including death from lung cancer

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PRECONCEPT IDEA

From the above studies, we found that air pollution is not a new problem or somewhere far away but, in the place, where we live, at the office, or even at the small balcony in front of our house.

We realized that an idea was needed to improve the environment as an architect and we proposed an architectural plan that would both create a clean air environment and ensure the sustainability of the building.

The main idea is to incorporate two technologies into a smart facade solution that helps create a fresh source of air for the building.

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CONTENTS

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Algae technology

1. Algae in the network Algae has evolved over billions of years to produce and store energy in the form of oil, and they do this more efficiently than any other known natural or engineered process.

For that, they are emerging to be one of the most promising long-term, sustainable sources of biomass and oils for fuel, food, feed, and other co-products.

Human has always tried to upgrade the cultivating method and so far has been included in many aspects of life.

2.Type of algae

● Algae are either single-celled microbes or multi-celled organisms that photosynthesize. ● They grow from the tropics to the poles, in freshwater, saltwater, and in the soil. ● They need light, nutrients and CO2 to grow, and produce new biomass.

Infographic by Ming Dong Zhou - Link: https://pr2012.aaschool.ac.uk/submission/uploaded_files/DIP-18/ming%20dong.zhou-Algae.jpg

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4. Air renewed process

3. Algae environmental setting

• Free-living organism in alkaline water, rich in minerals. (pH: 8.5-9.5).

• These microorganisms are suspended at depths of up to 50 cm, and in artificial environments often kept at 10-30 cm (open aquariums), or maybe in 1 to 1.5 m deep pools. (aeration) must ensure that the algae receive light.

• Nutrients: Carbon, nitrogen, biocarbon (HCO3-), through photosynthesis.

Inorganic phosphorus, N, P., Mg, Ca, Fe, Inorganic chlorine.

Equipment

Day 0

Day 2

Day 4

Day 6

Day 8

• Small scale cultivation shows the growth of algae in a clear plastic tube of rainwater exposed to sunlight. An air pump is used to circulate the algae solution and to provide ample ‘dirty’ air including carbon dioxide.

• The rainwater provides nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus also required for algae growth. It can be seen that algae grow rapidly – in a matter of days – unlike seasonal crops.

• Once the algae grow and harvested, they will be filtered and extracted the oil to form biomass. From then, the biomass may be separated into various food, food ingredients, fodder, fertilizer, fine medicines, or other components.

Source: Algae Growth by Carolynoliviabutler - https://wewanttolearn.wordpress.com/2012/03/31/algae-growth-2/

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5. Lifespan and Environmental setting + Lifespan:

+ Environmental setting: • Different Algae species required a different type of environmental setting, but overall the average temperature should contain (approximately 25oC)

• For the water compound, both Chlorella (green) and Haematococcus Pluvialis (red) live in freshwater while Dunaliella bardawil​lives in hypersaline water body. For that, multiple water-control systems will be set up to maintain the Bio-nel.

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Continuous production of carotenoids from Dunaliella salina - Author: Dorinde M.M.Kleinegris Source: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.11.005

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Air filtration technology

2. HOW DOES IT WORK ?

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1. FONT LAYER It is printable and bactericide and helps air transpiration.

2. CORE LAYER

1. WHAT IS THE BREATH ?

The Breath® is an innovative fabric solution that is both efficient and ecological. It adsorbs and disaggregates toxic polluting molecules from indoor and outdoor environments. A technology that helps to fight domestic and atmospheric pollution caused by cars , heating systems and industrial emissions.

A carbon mesh that absorbs, traps and disaggregates polluting molecules and bad smells.

3. BACK LAYER It is printable and bactericide.

The Breath® purification process is completely passive and it uses the natural flow of the air without additional energy sources. The air passes through the fabric mesh where the nanomolecule-activated heart of this technology traps and disaggregates pollutants.

The cleaner, more breathable air then continues its natural circle.

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SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE BREATH FABRIC

LIFESPAN AND MAINTAINENT LIFESPAN

Carbon cartridge life (recommended): - Indoor 18 months - Outdoor 6 months

CLEANING

The product cannot be washed as washing it would lose its effectiveness, but the outer sides of the fabric can be cleaned with a damp cloth.

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TESTING IN REAL ENVIROMENT

Absorption projection based on a real test carried out in the city center of Milan on annual basis. the benefit regarding the cars eliminated by theBreath panel refers to the area within theBreath installation where cars circulate. The larger the panels the better the elimination effects in a larger area.

According to the real tests already carried out in other cities have shown that a 10 sqm panel in theBreath® affixed in the streets is able to absorb approximately in one year the emissions caused by the passage of 1450 diesel cars, from 3635 petrol cars or issued by 15 boilers.

*Based on a test made in Milan city centre ** By URBAN VISION

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Technology of Bio-nel

2. Module shape CHOSEN FORM

1. Combination of 2 tecnhnologies

In order to optimize as well as save operating costs for the module, 2 technologies have been integrated to promote each other best properties. The Breath - air filter fabric will filter out fine and micro-metal particulate dust. Then, the algae layer will accumulate and convert harmful gases such as NO, CO2, ... and convert to O2, good for the respiration of residents living and working in the Building area.

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4. Module detail plans

3. Pattern design

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Application into practice

1. DESIGN IDEAS SITE ANALYSIS

FACADE CONCEPT Inspired by the image of air moving inside water to create a vertical facade.

Rely on the analysis of the solar line and wind direction towards the building to create breaks for the facade At the same time, it can be led the wind into the building

SKETCHING

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2. DETAIL PLAN

Feliz en vista is the building chosen for the application of the Bio-nel system. Located in District 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, the building not only provides high-end services for it’s residents but also for those living in the area by a diverse system of commercial areas and infrastructure facilities.

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The Bio-nel system is applied mainly in the parking and service areas. For there are quite high concentration of people and polluted at peak hours.

Elevation after the Bio-nel system installed on the podium.

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3. MATERIAL AND STRUCTURE MATERIAL Stain glass

The Breath fabric

Concrete planters box

STRUCTURE

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Illustration View of Feliz en Vista main entrance. Shows the Bio-nel system and the breath fabric with advertisement printed on.

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Overall view of Feliz en Vista Front facade located on Le Hien Mai street, with the main feature is the billboard printed on the Breath fabric.

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Sunlight shines through the stained glass and algae panel cast multi-colored shadows.

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Lighting on the facade highlight and emphasize the horizontal lines, strong angles as well as the used of basic shapes on the building elevation.

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5. ADAPTABILITY AND DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS OF BIO-NEL The bio-nel can be used IN both indoor and outdoor spaces.

Application in townhouses, apartment buildings, office buildings, or public buildings such as schools, hospitals, libraries ...

Can help with removal: cooking smells, cooking gas, cleansing agents, chemical residues of soaps, and perfumes, but also dust, smoke and outside pollution contribute to poor air quality we breathe.

LOBBY OF FELIZ N VISTA We use the bio-nel’s technology to form a decorative wall system for the entrance hall of the apartment building.

MATERIAL SILICON TUBE

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CORROSION RESISTANT ALLOY TUBE

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LED STRIP LIGHTS

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