t’s a struggle to find something positive to say. Politics, particularly relating to the natural world, seems to be all doom, and it’s all gloom on the weather-front with cold, grey skies for what feels like weeks. I’m hoping those words break the curse and March and April are sunlit and warm, to spite my lack of positivity.
Thankfully, other people involved at Durham Wildlife Trust are being much more positive, as are our partners and supporters. Inside this edition, you’ll read about work to keep Durham’s beaches clean, making them better for wildlife and people. There are rain gardens in schools, showing how we can adapt to a changing climate. Colleagues are looking forward to their first spring working on Durham Wildlife Trust nature reserves, and the purchase of land next to Rainton Meadows is complete, thanks to the generosity of our supporters. We have an Eco-Museum to explore, and a survey about Durham’s riverbanks to complete.
Ignore me. Lots to be positive about after all, whatever the weather and the wider world has to throw at us. Enjoy the spring, and this edition of Durham Wildlife.
Jim Cokill Director
Durham riverbanks
Durham Wildlife Trust and Durham Cathedral are working together to understand how people use and enjoy the riverbanks in Durham City.
By gathering information on how residents and visitors move through and feel about the areas of the riverbanks under the care of Durham Cathedral, the Trust, together with the Cathedral, will develop community-driven ideas for future projects to improve natural habitats and experiences along the riverbanks.
If you live in, or have visited Durham City, please do take our short survey today. You can also find more information at www.durhamwt.com/durham-riverbanks
Discover
An ‘Eco-Museum’ is a French idea – a museum without walls. The Discover Brightwater Eco-Museum, a legacy from the multi-million pound project, recently launched as part of the Durham Wildlife Trust website. It is designed to help people ‘curate’, for themselves, the area around the River Skerne, in County Durham. It features walks, cycle routes, heritage trails and archives of materials that formed part of the Discover Brightwater project, funded by the National Lottery Heritage Fund.
Mark Dinning, Head of Conservation, said: “We hope you’ll enjoy ‘roaming around’ our Eco-Museum and find the history, heritage and interactive maps and trails you can download, both enjoyable and inspirational as you Discover Brightwater and The Great North Fen.”
To browse the Eco-Museum, visit: www.durhamwt.com/discover-brightwater
SCAN ME
Go ‘wild’ for 30 days this June
30 Days Wild is The Wildlife Trusts’ annual nature challenge where we ask the nation to do one ‘wild’ thing a day, every day throughout June.
Your daily wild activities can be anything you like. You might be having breakfast with the birds on Monday, feeling the grass between your toes on Tuesday, and watching wildlife webcams on Wednesday. There is no set structure, so you can take part in a way that suits you. Alongside benefitting your local wildlife, taking part in 30 Days Wild is scientifically proven to make you feel happier, healthier, and more connected to nature.
Sign up will open soon, so keep an eye on our website and social media for updates.
www.durhamwt.com/30-days-wild
Easy ways to update your membership
Our work for wildlife simply would not be possible without the support of our members. Thanks to your membership we can continue to care for nature reserves, champion wildlife, and inspire people about wildlife on their doorstep and beyond! Your support is making a big difference. We are always striving to improve the service we offer and, as such, have recently added some new pages to our website so that you can make changes to your membership more easily. From updating your email or postal address, to amending your donation value, you can now do it all online: www.durhamwt.com/your-membership
2024: a great year for dragonflies and the rise of a new local species
Each year, Durham Wildlife Trust volunteers join dragonfly enthusiasts across the North East to submit sightings that help build the annual report of species. Written by County Recorder and former Durham Wildlife Trust trustee, Michael Coates, the report not only highlights the wide variety of species seen in our region, but also tracks their expansion or decline.
In 2024, the biggest surprise was that the small, red-eyed damselfly, a species associated with southern England that first appeared in our area in 2022 at Brasside Pond near Durham, was spotted at a further 15 sites in the Durham Wildlife Trust region, and further north.
Also at Rainton Meadows, for the third year, willow emerald damselflies were spotted at Joe’s Pond Nature Reserve, but this time in larger numbers, suggesting they are breeding successfully.
You can read the full report on our website: www.durhamwt.com/news
Photo: Daisy Arts Willow emerald damselfly by Michael Coates
Member events
Please book our events online at www.durhamwt.com/events or call 0191 584 3112 . The events listed below are for supporters and guests and free to attend unless otherwise stated.
New supporters evening – Low Barns
Thursday 24th April, 6pm-7.30pm
Join members of the Durham Wildlife Trust senior management team for an introduction to the Trust and to Low Barns Nature Reserve. Uncover the history of the reserve and gain an insight into future plans. Although pitched as an introductory event, all supporters are welcome to attend.
Wildlife gardening talk & social – Rainton Meadows
Saturday 10th May, 10am-12.30pm & 1.30pm-4pm
Our Nextdoor Nature Officer will share hints and tips to help you garden and yarden in a nature-friendly way. Our 45 minute talk will allow time for some questions followed by an optional and informal walk of Rainton Meadows Nature Reserve.
Hannah’s Meadow wildflower walk – Hannah’s Meadow
Saturday 7th June, 10am-12pm & 1pm-3pm
Join Reserves Manager, Andrew Wadds, for a guided wildflower walk of Hannah’s Meadow. Discover how Hannah Hauxwell’s traditional hay meadow farming techniques preserved a special collection of plant species and how the Trust cares for the reserve today.
Big
balsam bash & guided walk – Low Barns
Saturday 5th July, 10am-12pm & 1pm-3pm
You’re invited to beat the balsam at Low Barns with our reserves team. Learn about why we hope to banish balsam and give us a hand removing this invasive non-native species from the reserve. We’ll also include a guided walk for those who would like to join in.
New
supporters evening – Rainton Meadows
Thursday 17th July, 6pm-7.30pm
Join members of the Durham Wildlife Trust senior management team for an introduction to the Trust and to Rainton Meadows Nature Reserve. Uncover the history of the reserve and gain an insight into future plans. Although pitched as an introductory event, all supporters are welcome to attend.
SCAN ME
Let the meadows bloom!
Thanks to you, our supporters, providing the 10% match-funding required, we have been successful in our application to the Biffa Award, and now Durham Wildlife Trust owns the land adjacent to Rainton Meadows. This acquisition increases the size of Rainton Meadows from 84 to 100 hectares!
You will recall our fundraising appeal in summer 2024 to support the purchase of the land in order to buffer the reserve from encroaching housing developments. The site, a combination of pasture, hedgerows and wetland areas, although not currently managed for wildlife, holds significant wildlife interest and is home to breeding willow tit and overwintering curlew.
In June, we set about raising £54,000, to be used as match funding for an application to Biffa Award (part of the Landfill Communities Fund) for £540,000 to secure the land and begin initial management works. Within one week of launching, the Let the Meadows Bloom appeal hit its target and eventually raised £80,000 to deliver the project. Thank you! The additional support provided was much-needed, as the purchase turned out to be more complicated than anticipated, with some unexpected additional costs. Thankfully, the additional funds raised have enabled the Trust to cover those costs.
By Emily Routledge Head of Development and Communications
The new land has incredible potential to deliver nature recovery, particularly by creating species-rich grasslands. More than 97% of the UK’s species-rich grassland has been lost in less than a century, and that habitat now covers just 1% of land.
Additional plant species will be introduced to the site using green hay from the neighbouring Rainton Meadows reserve, and conservation grazing implemented to help produce species-rich grassland. Ponds and wetland habitats will be created in the low-lying areas, and hedges planted to screen the site and prevent disturbance of target species, such as curlew and lapwing. Viewing areas will be created to allow the public to enjoy the wildlife. Further fundraising will enable the Trust to deliver these ecological and access enhancements. If you are able to, please consider donating to our Rainton Appeal and supporting new habitat creation at Rainton Meadows. Find out more and support the future of Rainton Meadows at www.durhamwt.com/let-meadows-bloom
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Connecting communities with doorstep nature
By Graeme Jobes Nextdoor Nature Officer
Nextdoor Nature
More than two years since Nextdoor Nature’s launch, the project has continued to support communities in gaining the skills and knowledge needed to bring nature back to their neighbourhood.
The Nextdoor Nature organising philosophy offers an opportunity for real change through diversifying participation and audiences to deliver sustainable communities. Building interconnection between, and through, local groups is a starting point for meaningful action, and is done in many ways. The hope is to help communities – which are often on the margins themselves – play a full role in the recovery and support of nature.
Our new Nextdoor Nature Officer, Graeme Jobes, has worked in a range of community settings including health and wellbeing, environmental and pastoral care. He has built upon the diverse community engagement previously delivered and supported by the Trust’s Team Wilder project. Graeme’s work is intergenerational and can range from urban to wild, from work to home, and from school to college.
Durham Wildlife Trust, through its Nextdoor Nature delivery, has continued to support initiatives across Sunderland, South Tyneside, Durham, and Darlington, such as:
• A community initiative in Leach Grove in Darlington. A pocket of land alongside a housing estate, whose residents sought advice on habitat mapping and local interaction. This culminated in an event where 2,000 spring bulbs were planted by volunteers from the nearby housing estate and further afield, which was part empowerment and community action.
• In South Shields, the Trust is supporting the development of a wildlife habitat, helping to facilitate partnership and community cohesion. The land can provide the opportunity to benefit the local community with a space committed to biodiversity and wildlife. An example of nature recovery in an urban setting.
• In Sunderland and Durham, Trust officers are currently supporting: the University of Sunderland; ICOS (International Community of Sunderland); Washington Wildlife Group; Age UK; Climate Action Sunderland; Back on the Map; Friends of Mowbray Park; Mowbray Park Community Garden; various Eco-Church initiatives including the Langley Park Church Group and the Washington Heritage Partnership.
• In January this year, a partnership with Oases, Mowbray Park Community Garden, Sunderland City Council and Friends of Mowbray Park led to a fantastic event named Nature on your Doorstep. This included a nature walk and a celebration of meaningful action in a diverse community.
Nextdoor Nature is a combination of nature, place and people, with nature recovery and community cohesion at its heart.
To find out more about how we can help your community, visit: www.durhamwt.com/nextdoor-nature
SCAN ME
Links with Nature It’s all about trees! At the moment.
Scrub, trees and woodland have been the main focus for activity this winter for the Links with Nature project, supported by a team of fantastic volunteers, as you might expect.
Woodland plantations on Flint Mill, Hazard Railway, Elemore Park, and Herrington Country Park, haven’t been managed since they were planted more than thirty years ago. Between contractors and dedicated volunteers, the dead, diseased and dying trees have been removed, smaller saplings thinned out, and areas coppiced. This is breathing new life into the woodlands, creating glades, and allowing in more light to encourage regeneration. By removing the smaller, poor-quality trees, the remainder can grow and mature, improving overall woodland health and creating better conditions for wildlife to thrive. New pathways have been created with better sightlines and access, so people can enjoy exploring woody areas.
By Anne Gladwin
Links with Nature Project Manager
agladwin@durhamwt.co.uk 0191 584 3112
Alongside improving woodlands, 2,282 new trees and 3,369 hedgerow whips are in the ground at six greenspaces, including Herrington Country Park and Hetton Lyons Country Park, thanks to funding from the North East Community Forest. Species include oak, birch, alder and willow. The intention is to create wood pasture-type habitat on what is currently amenity grassland. The trees will add interest and structure to local greenspaces, as well as bringing multiple benefits for people and wildlife. New hedgerows at Rainton Meadows, Copt Hill, and Flint Mill will create valuable wildlife corridors, linking up habitats and enabling wildlife to move from place to place.
We have had fantastic support and feedback from residents, with volunteers getting stuck in at events at Flint Mill and Copt Hill.
Volunteers have worked hard, managing scrub to protect and reinstate fragile, threatened grasslands at Copt Hill, Hetton Bogs and Elemore Vale. Volunteers spent three days raking mulched gorse from remnant acid grassland at Elemore Park, which should thrive this spring.
All things trees have been a feature of the Links with Nature activity programme, with community groups, including young people, adults and children from across the Coalfield getting involved in a host of nature-based activities. Using materials collected during habitat management work, such as willow at Elemore Vale, groups made Hallowe’en spider’s webs, dream catchers, and Christmas wreaths. Outdoor activity has included tree trails and woodland walks. All helping to connect residents with their local wildlife, greenspace, and enjoy the well-being benefits from experiencing wildlife.
To get involved and volunteer with Links with Nature, contact Chris: cknox-wilson@durhamwt.co.uk
If you are a resident or part of a group in the Coalfield, contact Pip: pjackson@durhamwt.co.uk
Photo: Steve Popay
Making rain gardens with schools
The bad news: climate context – the forecast for the UK is looking…wet.
The UK Met Office prediction is for ‘more intense downpours during summer thunderstorms and more rainfall in winter storms. Winters will tend to be wetter, with more potential for flooding.’1
As populations increase, humans build habitats using concrete and tarmac that do not let rain drain directly into the soil. This means that our drainage systems are struggling to accommodate the amount of surface runoff these impermeable surfaces generate.
Research from Manchester University explains that ‘in the UK, the cost of fixing sewer blockages reaches £88 million per year and around half of these blockages are credited to unflushables (man-made waste)’.2
The consequence is that we are starting to experience more flooding, and this will occur more frequently and with increasing severity.
OK, so enough bad news. The good news is that there are things we can do to help, and Durham Wildlife Trust’s Rain Gardens in Schools Project is an example of what can be done.
The project, which the Trust is working on with Northumbrian Water, educates pupils about the environment and sustainability through the design and construction of rain gardens in local schools.
So, what are rain gardens? Simply put, rain gardens interrupt and slow down the flow of water to the drain, which relieves pressure on the sewers below.
Rainwater is diverted from the downpipe to a modified tank or trough, which acts as a simple filtration unit. It passes through a three-tier filtration sequence of soil, hessian material and limestone before passing into a pipe at the bottom of the tank, which is connected to the drain.
By John Hayton Education Projects Officer
In January this year, the Trust worked with a school and the local community at Temple Park, in South Shields, to build and install a rain garden. Since then, the Rain Gardens in Schools project has worked with Bedeburn Primary School and St Oswald’s C of E Primary, in Hebburn, to research and install rain gardens with some of their Year 4 children.
Year 4 teacher, Miss Marley, said: “Year 4 had a tremendous afternoon with Mr Hayton! We had a great time learning about the water cycle, water flow, and how this can lead to flood damage. Then we built our own school rain garden to help reduce surface rainwater on our yard.”
John Hayton, Education Projects Officer, explained: “These sessions are designed to not only discuss the impacts of climate change, but also to demonstrate how we can do something constructive to adapt to those changes.”
Beach care to continue
If you have visited a beach between the Tees and the Tyne in the last year, then you will have visited a beach the Trust has had a hand in keeping clean. The SeaScapes partnership delivered a tremendous number of beach cleans throughout the project and the Heritage Coast Partnership kept up that work following the close of SeaScapes in September.
By Emily Routledge Head of Development and Communications
The Trust, working with Durham County Council, is now able to confirm the continuation of beach cleans for at least three years. Funding is being provided, via the Heritage Coast Partnership, to continue the post hosted by Durham Wildlife Trust. The Trust’s officer, Caitlin Elwin, will continue leading the beach cleans and will also deliver ‘Source-to-Sea’ activities and engagement – understanding the journey that litter takes to reach the sea, and working with communities to prevent litter entering river catchments.
Since 2021, 4,511 volunteers have supported 321 beach cleans and collected more than 5,175 bags of rubbish from the Durham coastline. Some of the most common items found during beach cleans include plastic bottles and disposable vapes.
Every year, an estimated 8 million tonnes of litter enters the world’s oceans. Plastic poses the biggest threat to marine wildlife as it breaks down into smaller and smaller pieces and enters food chains, working its way up from plankton into the bodies of large fish and marine mammals, such as sharks and dolphins.
Beach cleans are vital in preventing litter from the land entering the sea, and for stopping washed-up litter re-entering the seas at high tide.
Find details of upcoming beach cleans at: volunteer.durhamwt.com and email volunteer@durhamwt.co.uk to register your interest in taking part.
What I’m looking forward to during spring at Durham Wildlife Trust nature reserves
Ihave always loved nature and, after gaining a Zoology degree, I decided to get my hands dirty in practical conservation. I had several volunteer roles before spending the best part of ten years as a Ranger for the National Trust. I started as Northern Reserves Officer with Durham Wildlife Trust in June 2024. Based at Rainton Meadows, I’m responsible for the day-to-day management of more than 20 nature reserves – from Blackhall Rocks to Westfield Pastures – but I couldn’t do it without the dedication of our volunteers and trainees.
As a recent arrival to the area, I can’t wait to see what’s in store on our reserves in spring. This is a particularly good time to see plants on the woodland floor – they flower early so that they can set seed before the surrounding trees come into leaf. Look out for a carpet of bluebells at Edmondsley, and the rare herb-Paris at Hawthorn Dene. They are indicators of ancient woodland, as they spread very slowly and are restricted to this habitat.
Ancient woodland is defined in England as land which has had continuous tree cover since 1600. This doesn’t always have to be the original tree cover. For instance, Milkwellburn Wood is a Plantation on Ancient Woodland Site (PAWS). With the help of contractors, we are gradually removing the conifers to restore it to semi-natural broadleaf woodland. There is potential for ancient woodland indicators like lesser celandine, wild garlic, and dog’s mercury. Another fantastic site for spring flowers is Cross Lane Meadows, which will be carpeted with primroses and cowslips.
By Michael Andrews
Northern Reserves Officer
Various insects appear in spring. Queen bumblebees overwinter before emerging to feed upon pollen and nectar, and begin this year’s colony. I’m also excited to see whether I can spot one of my favourites, the hairy-footed flower bee. There are scattered records of this charming solitary bee in the North East, so I’m keeping my eyes peeled. The females look like small, black bumblebees, and males are similarly sized, but rust-coloured with paler faces. Both have a zippy, energetic flight and long, feathery hairs on their back legs. Although they make up the majority of the 250 UK bee species, solitary bees are often overlooked. So next time you visit one of our reserves, see if you can find them too.
Find out more about our nature reserves: www.durhamwt.com/visit
THE SECRET LIVES OF
Early purple orchid Orchis mascula
Lady’s slipper orchid Cypripedium calceolus
Mark Dinning is head of conservation with Durham Wildlife Trust. Working in nature conservation for over 20 years, Mark is passionate about plants and securing a future thriving with nature.
WYes, the job was to guard the only known population of the UK’s rarest orchids in Yorkshire: the lady’s slipper orchid. Yorkshire Wildlife Trust is now raising money to grow it and secure its survival.
slipper orchid at Durham Wildlife Trust, when I stumbled across an article describing this orchid in the Trust’s Hawthorn Dene Nature Reserve. With sadness I read that in 1926 the last of this stunning plant had been picked and given as a gift to a woman by her admirer. UK law now protects wild plants from being picked in this way, but this story is a stark reminder of the fragility of our natural heritage.
diverse groups of plants on the planet. Over 1,000 genera. More than 25,000 species. They are the largest and most highly evolved family of flowering plants.
There are around 57 native orchid species found in Britain (the number varying depending on your source). The number of species is fairly consistent depending on where you live in the country. Hampshire has 30 plus
small flush of early purple orchids bathed in sunlight, accompanied by a chorus of bird song and the trickle of the nearby stream.
This walk, I and many Wildlife Trust supporters and colleagues enjoy through spring and summer. Ten orchid species to spot, if you get your timing right.
Frog orchid (their flowers look like frogs, their hind legs jigging a dance!) rounds off the walk. Every year the same fear fills my head, ‘Where have they all gone?’, sense prevails, I remember I just need to look a little harder. Down on my hands and knees, I focus on a spot and like a magic-eye picture the hidden forest of frog orchids is revealed.
The Plant Atlas 2020 described this species as potentially the UK’s fastest declining orchid. The decline linked to agricultural improvement, undergrazing and more recently drought.
Climate and weather are important. For the pyramidal orchid, the plant’s basal leaves appear in late autumn and die down the following summer. This growth strategy can leave this orchid vulnerable to climatic differences with hard cold winters leading to frost damage that jeopardises a plant’s success in the coming spring.
The county flower of the Isle of Wight, the pyramidal orchid prefers soils rich in calcium. Like those of the island, the majority of UK orchids prefer calcium-rich soils.
Orchids can produce thousands of very tiny seeds, the greater butterfly orchid producing up to 25,000 seeds per capsule. The fact this sheer number of ultra light seed can be carried by the wind, ensures orchids are able to spread their progeny far and wide. Their success is determined by the environmental conditions they find. If we are to truly restore nature, orchids have many lessons they can teach us. Protecting 30 per cent of land for nature – a commitment made by our government –will mean, in time, some orchid species will find new areas suitable for their growth.
Watching nature reclaim its place in the landscape will be a privilege I thought we may not get to see. But there are examples where people have been doing just that for a number of years.
The dark-red helleborine orchid has been monitored for over 30 years at Bishop Middleham Quarry in County Durham. 2024 was a record year with 3,380 flowering spikes. Surveying at Bishop Middleham is a pleasant late summer’s evening event with longstanding friends and
Bee orchid
Ophrys apifera
Greater butterfly orchid
Platanthera chlorantha
new enthusiasts. Spare a thought for the orchid surveyors of The Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire & Northamptonshire. This intrepid group spend three days counting three orchid species, the man (the flower, a human body with an oddly oversized cycle helmet), musk (not smelling of musk, nationally scarce, declined by 70 per cent) and frog orchid… in late winter!
People travel far and wide to see orchids. So it’s nice to finish on a story about orchids that travelled to see people. Recently Essex Wildlife Trust got the opportunity to show off some of their orchids to the King and Queen at the RHS Chelsea Flower Show. ‘Orchids in the Wild – The Beauty of Nature’ showcased the county’s native orchids and the Trust’s important conservation work. The orchids making the journey were common spotted, greenwinged, pyramidal and man orchids. I wish I could have seen the effect the VIPs (very important plants) had on the Royal visitors.
Orchids highlight just what is at risk if we don’t address the causes of the nature emergency. Orchids have declined like other plants and species. Restoring habitats that support orchids will have benefits for a vast array of other species.
Of my much-loved orchid walk the woodland holds three orchid species but is home to hundreds of other plants and animals not to mention fungi and micro-organisms. In the meadow, six orchids make their home amongst herbs and grasses, 44 different species in a metre square.
If you were to do just one thing in the coming spring and summer, make your own orchid story. If you were to do another, ensure the places we should find these special plants are restored and conserved. The more orchids the merrier.
To find an orchid haven near you and see these masters of mimicry for yourself, visit wildlifetrusts.org/where_to_see_orchids
Man orchid
Orchis anthropophora
SCAN ME
The power of nature notebooks
Small observations, big impact on wildlife
Joanna Foat shares why she believes we should all have a nature notebook to aid in our efforts to protect wildlife.
Many renowned botanists, like Ellen Hutchins – Ireland’s first female botanist – began their passion for nature with a simple notebook. Hutchins famously spent five days admiring a piece of seaweed, carefully preserving fragments and sketching her ‘little beauties’ of mosses and lichens. The eminent Francis Rose’s field notebooks are all we have as records for some of the rarest of British lichens historically.
Early records of flora and fauna like these in notebooks across the UK have laid the groundwork for The Wildlife Trusts in protecting nature reserves since 1912. As we face the dual nature and climate crises, collecting data on wildlife is more critical than ever. These precious sightings not only inform conservation projects but also, eventually, government policies.
Nigel Doar, Head of Research at The Wildlife Trusts, highlights the need to engage more people of all ages in recording wildlife. Not everyone, he notes, starts with a vast knowledge of species.
“We can worry too much about what something is, when just taking notice and enjoying the beauty in nature can spark interest.”
He recalls his own challenges as a student identifying an oak tree in a hedgerow, a process akin to spot-the-difference. Conservationists use a classification system of taxonomic units – essentially the identification of shared characteristics – to help them work out the species
Flowers only on one side
Tubular bell-shaped flowers
as indicators of climate change – are invaluable. “Many new dragonfly species have colonised the UK from the continent over the past decade, providing clear data on environmental shifts.”
He notes that although some citizen scientists may be naturally introverted or solitary, their
The Wildlife Trusts across the country offer citizen science programmes where volunteers learn identification skills and can contribute to conservation surveillance data. Projects include Shoresearch, Seasearch, Riversearch and Nature Counts for species monitoring to name just a few.
Thousands of people are getting involved walking transects to count the number of butterflies, mapping the distribution of hedgehogs across a city, or reporting field signs of otters along river banks. This data directly supports species conservation and habitat restoration, local strategies for nature recovery and is vitally needed to lobby government
What could be more rewarding than spending your weekend immersed in nature? This hands-on connection not only deepens personal engagement but also contributes to science. So, pick up a notebook, jot down your observations, and begin your journey as a citizen scientist. You never know where your notes might lead.
Find out more about how you can take part in citizen science at: wildlifetrusts.org/ citizen-science
The first sight of bright lime yellow brimstone butterfly is a signal that spring is on its way. The comma, peacock, red admiral, small tortoiseshell and clouded yellow all make their fragile and fluttering first appearance as winter slips away.
Then each fluttering butterfly will emerge to feed on its favourite wildflowers, while skylarks and pipits fly overhead. The next arrivals are the speckled wood and grizzled skipper, followed by the holly blue, orange tip, painted lady and green veined white. By April on fine sunny days The Wildlife Trusts' nature reserves are coming to life with the beauty of butterflies on the wing. By May a kaleidoscope of butterflies are in flight.
With so many beautiful butterflies and pink, purple and yellow wildflowers on show, prepare to be blown away this spring. Here are six of our best nature reserves for spotting butterflies.
1 Maze Park Nature Reserve, Tees Valley Wildlife Trust
Maze Park is a green oasis right in the centre of Teesside. There is an abundance of herb species, such as yellow-wort and bird’s-foot trefoil which attract more than 12 species of butterfly, including the scarce grayling and dingy skipper.
Where: Thornaby, TS17 6QA
2 Hoe Grange Quarry, Derbyshire Wildlife Trust
The flower-rich short limestone grassland and woodland is a haven for butterflies, with 24 different species recorded. These include comma, peacock, red admiral, small tortoiseshell, speckled wood, orange tip, painted lady, large white and small heath among others. Where: Brassington, DE4 4HX
This former limestone quarry is a butterfly hotspot. Its once industrial landscape becomes a riot of wildflowers from spring. Keep your eyes peeled for the dingy and grizzled skippers from April and dark green and silver-washed fritillaries by June. Where: Llanymynech, SY22 6HD
A small, chalk grassland reserve on the north-east Chilterns, colonised naturally by fine-leaved fescue grasses and chalk-loving plants, as well as five species of orchid. The site is a haven for butterflies, including, green hairstreak, dingy skipper, brimstone, peacock, orange-tip and holly blue. Where: Hexton, SG5 3JP
5
Pamber Forest and Upper Inhams Copse Nature Reserve, Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust
Renowned for its ancient woodland, diverse flora and abundant wildlife, a variety of butterfly species and dragonflies thrive in the reserve's rich habitats. Spot purple emperor, white admiral, speckled wood and brimstone butterfly. Where: Tadley, RG26 3EQ
6 Queendown Warren, Kent Wildlife Trust
Nestled on the outskirts of the Medway towns, this hidden gem provides the perfect habitat for orchids, Kentish milkwort and the adonis blue butterfly, which was reintroduced to the site by Kent Wildlife Trust in 2002. They can often be seen at the site tumbling in the sky with the chalk hill and common blue butterflies.
Where: Sittingbourne, ME9 7XH
Did you spot any butterflies?
We’d love to know how your search went. Please share your best photos with us! See
In sickness and in health
Nature could save NHS £millions
Dom
Higgins, head of health and education at The Wildlife Trusts, explores the sickness of nature disconnect, how
the NHS bears the brunt and how The
Wildlife
Trusts can help with preventable illnesses.
Over 20 million people in the UK have a muscular-skeletal condition such as arthritis or back pain, over 5 million have diabetes. In May 2023 the number of people waiting for an operation was at a record high of 7.3 million – and some are predicting a rise towards 10 million, with one in five people on a hospital waiting list. Long-term sickness is resulting in 2.8 million people of working age being economically inactive. How will the NHS survive?
John from Sheffield had a quadruple heart bypass. He said “I was in a bad way and would have spiralled into being a recluse. I hate to think really. I had PTSD and sleepless nights.” Liz has early stage dementia and couldn’t go anywhere by herself. Just two examples of the longer term recovery from illness and plethora of mental health issues effecting our population today.
But there’s a quiet revolution going on in the world of health and social care, which involves taking part in activities from gardening and woodwork, to wildlife conservation and walks in the park. That’s because many illnesses and ailments are preventable. For example, physical inactivity can cause heart and breathing conditions, while social isolation and loneliness often lead to depression.
A recent highlight in my career was the opportunity to present the findings of The Wildlife Trusts’ report A Natural Health Service at The Lancet UK Public Health Science Conference. The Lancet is a prestigious international medical journal that advances medical science and practice worldwide. The Lancet Conference highlights public health research from the UK and Ireland. I presented evidence showing that ‘green prescribing’ programmes, where GPs and healthcare professionals prescribe time in nature
as treatment and therapy, could have significant benefits. If rolled out to 1.2 million people, these programmes could save the NHS £100 million annually. The public health professionals’ view was that these cost savings were underestimated.
The Sheffield and Rotherham Wildlife Trust’s Wild at Heart programme reduced costs for the NHS associated with the mental health conditions of their 82 participants over a year by £38,646. The project has literally been a lifeline for John and Liz connecting them both to the simple pleasures of nature. Now they have a reason to go out and look forward to walks in the local park, learning about birds and photography.
Over 8,000 people took part in seven Wildlife Trusts’ social prescribing pilots over two years. The pilots were spread across the country with Gwent Wildlife Trust to The Wildlife Trust for Lancashire, Manchester & North Merseyside leading them; and 57% of participants coming from the most economically under-served places and 21% from ethnic minority communities. There were big reductions in anxiety and depression, and big increases in happiness and life satisfaction, alongside an increase in feeling that ‘life is worthwhile.’
Nature prescribing needs to become part of a wider Natural Health Service, one that works hand in hand with the National Health Service.
This is how the NHS will survive.
Dom Higgins is head of health and education at The Wildlife Trusts where he leads their policy and campaigning work in these areas. He is passionate about creating a stronger and more resiliant healthcare system that keeps natural connections at its heart.
@lizbonnin
We are nature
I’ve been incredibly lucky to have had wildlife encounters that left me feeling deeply connected to nature. Some of the most memorable were in Galápagos. This remote, volcanic archipelago and its nutrientrich waters have produced a magnificent abundance of life. Marine iguanas, fur seals and blue-footed boobies are entirely unphased by your presence here, so you feel like part of nature, not just an observer. In the water, I’ve spent hours playing with enigmatic sea lions as they invite you to chase them.
In the UK, one of my favourite wild places is Loch of the Lowes in Scotland – a truly magical place. For me it’s just as thrilling to see signs of beavers around the Loch, from coppiced vegetation to beaver chips, as it is to see them with my own eyes. It’s wonderful to witness these crucial ecosystem engineers recovering here and across the UK, after being hunted to extinction in the 16th Century.
But in my work, I’ve also seen how nature is bowing under the pressures of the modern world. I’ve reported on mile-long rafts of waste flowing down the Citarum River in Indonesia, made up of plastic sent ‘away’ by the West, and of thousands of sachets sold by global corporations – despite developing countries having no recycling infrastructure to deal with it. This was one of the most eye-opening moments of my career. Our unrestrained cycles of production and consumption in the global north, and our throwaway culture, are all destroying nature, that we need to survive.
Every species on earth has evolved over millions of years to carry out a function that maintains the health of ecosystems. And ecosystems, in turn, keep the planet healthy,
as part of the interconnected web of life. We humans have a role to play too, but many of us have become so disconnected from nature that we’ve forgotten this simple truth.
To turn things around, we must place nature at the heart of every decision, across all sectors of society. It’s encouraging that ecological economists are working to transform our economic model, so that nature and societal well-being are prioritised above profits. I’m also bolstered by the traditional ecological knowledge of indigenous communities, who live in harmony with nature. This crucial knowledge system, combined with western conservation practices, can deliver better, collaborative outcomes for people and nature.
Collaboration is our superpower, and this is equally true of The Wildlife Trusts. Our collective strength as a federation of 46 Wildlife Trusts knows no bounds! The more we collaborate and combine our knowledge and experience, the faster the ripple effect of change can flow. As part of our community, you can play a very real part in the change our planet needs, by sharing our stories, supporting our campaigns and volunteering with us. Lastly, perhaps most importantly, in these challenging times, my advice is to take a break from the news and get outside. Notice the sunlight through the trees, the sound of birds, and breathe. Connect with nature and everything else follows.
In late 2024, Liz Bonnin interviewed Nemonte Nenquimo, a climate leader who has dedicated her life to defending of Indigenous ancestral territory and cultural survival in the Amazon. Watch over on our YouTube channel.
wtru.st/Liz-Bonnin-interview
Whilst beavers have been recognised as a native species by the UK and Welsh governments, we are still waiting for the steps to be put in place to allow them to properly return to England and Wales, where at the moment they live in enclosures. Read The Wildlife Trusts’ vision for their return: www.wildlifetrusts.org/ saving-species/beavers
Liz Bonnin is an explorer, naturalist and The Wildlife Trusts’ president. She is best known for documentaries including Galapagos, Wild Alaska and Blue Planet Live. Liz’s career has taken her around the world, studying animal behaviours and shining a spotlight on important environmental issues.
Liz Bonnin
BEAVERS IN THE UK
UK NEWS
Securing The Rothbury Estate for nature
The Wildlife Trusts have purchased part of the Rothbury Estate in partnership with Northumberland Wildlife Trust and have launched a £30 million appeal to secure the entire estate – for nature and the nation. The charities have agreed a two-phase purchase agreement over two years.
The charities will consult the local community on plans to buy and care for the largest piece of contiguous land to be on the market anywhere in England for the last 30 years and create a showcase for nature recovery on a vast scale.
The 3,800-hectare estate has an important place in the hearts of Northumbrians. By acquiring The Rothbury Estate, Northumberland Wildlife Trust aims to enhance the rich natural heritage of the estate for future generations. A successful purchase of the entire site will avoid the land being broken up into multiple ownerships, helping to ensure public access and create a sustainable future for farmers.
The current purchase includes the Simonside Hills and a mixture of
lowland, woods, riverside and farmland –the western side of the Estate – an area that is especially valued by the urban communities of Newcastle Upon Tyne and Tyneside. Notable wildlife includes curlews, red grouse, merlins, cuckoos, mountain bumblebees, emperor moths and red squirrels.
Mike Pratt, chief executive of Northumberland Wildlife Trust, says:
“We’re very excited to be part of a once in a generation opportunity for securing a stunning area of countryside where people and nature can thrive side by side. It signals the start of something unique in Northumberland and it will also have impact on a national scale. We’re looking forward to working with local people to create an exemplar of how nature, farming and community are integrated – something local people can feel immensely proud of.
“We’ll be talking and listening to people who live and work in the area over the coming months to evolve a longterm plan for the Estate that respects its traditions and the livelihoods that depend on it. We will preserve and enhance public access and recreational
Simonside, on The Rothbury Estate, is set to become a flagship site for nature conservation in the UK
opportunities to allow people to enjoy this wonderful place.”
Craig Bennett, chief executive of The Wildlife Trusts, says:
“This is a thrilling moment for The Wildlife Trusts who are working collectively – coming together from across the UK – to create a national flagship for nature recovery for the very first time. It’s a historic moment for our federation.
“The Rothbury Estate will come to play a key role in revitalising local economies, delivering multiple societal and environmental benefits – and it’ll provide the most amazing example for the rest of the country on a scale not seen before. We’re all absolutely delighted to be part of securing this precious piece of natural heritage for the nation and we want to hear from everyone who is keen to support our appeal.”
Find out more about how you can support The Wildlife Trusts to secure the entire estate by visiting wildlifetrusts.org/appeals/rothburyestate-nature-and-nation
2024 marine review
People power marine recovery projects
Innovation, new research and a whalesized volunteering effort has helped The Wildlife Trusts’ learn more about changes in UK seas in the 2024 marine review.
Seaside volunteers clocked over 12,000 hours backing wildlife initiatives around UK shores. This included recording sightings of humpback whales, whitebeaked dolphins and climate-indicator species including colourful sea slugs and mauve jellyfish. The data helps experts understand more about how species are faring in busy seas and the impact of climate change on marine wildlife.
Volunteers tallied thousands of hours identifying and recording wildlife through the national citizen science survey, Shoresearch and volunteering days organised by Wildlife Trusts. Data collected helps experts monitor how pollution, climate change and invasive
species are impacting UK wildlife.
2024 surveys highlight the spread and occurrence of non-native species and climate change indicators, such as, the first record of the kelp seaweed, Wakame, at Wembury in Devon, also found at Torquay and Brixham.
Volunteers also gathered almost 3,000 kilograms of rubbish by hand from UK beaches on clean-ups organised by Wildlife Trusts. With under 10 per cent of UK seas protected from the most damaging fishing activities, The Wildlife Trusts urge policymakers to do more to save our seas. Find out how you can join the volunteer effort: wildlifetrusts.org/ closer-to-nature/volunteer
Temperate rainforests will feature in The Wildlife Trusts’ garden at this year’s RHS Chelsea Flower Show
UK HIGHLIGHTS
Discover how The Wildlife Trusts are helping wildlife across the UK
Celebrating seal pups
Cumbria Wildlife Trust is celebrating seal pups born at its coastal nature reserve at South Walney near Barrow for the 10th year running. The growth of the grey seal colony from single figures in the 1980s and 90s to over 500 since breeding began in 2015 is a great conservation success story. wtru.st/Cumbria-seal-pups
Mini beasts
The smallest beetle in Europe has been discovered by Leicestershire and Rutland Wildlife Trust. The tiny beetle, Baranowskiella ehnstromi, found at Rutland Water Nature Reserve, measures just 0.4mm in length and feeds on spores of a bracket fungus. This is the third British record for the species and first outside East Anglia. wtru.st/Rutland-beetle
Bringing the rainforest to RHS Chelsea Flower Show
The Wildlife Trusts are bringing rainforests to RHS Chelsea Flower Show!
The British Rainforest Garden, designed by award-winning Zoe Claymore and sponsored by Project Giving Back, will evoke the lush, wet woodlands that once swathed vast areas of the west coast of the British Isles. By bringing the enchantment of temperate rainforests to Chelsea, we hope to inspire people to support the restoration of this threatened habitat and show how
nature-friendly gardening can help British wildlife thrive.
Inspired by the ambitious 100-year mission of The Wildlife Trusts and Aviva to bring rainforests back to the British Isles, the garden will share the story of this precious habitat that once blanketed a fifth of our country and is now so rare that it only covers about 1% of the land. Restoring them will create beautiful places for people to enjoy, help wildlife recover and tackle climate change.
Pine martens return
15 pine martens were released at secret locations on Dartmoor after a 100-year absence. After two years of meticulous planning and consultation with local communities, the reintroduction, led by Devon Wildlife Trust and seven partners, is an historic step in the restoration of the region’s woodlands and wildlife. wtru.st/pine-martens-return
Pond life
The best way to boost wildlife in your garden
Boosting the wildlife in your garden couldn’t be simpler or more exciting. What you need is a garden pond. Believe me you won’t regret it, says the BBC’s Justin Rowlatt.
There’ll be a little digging. You need to go a bit deeper than you’d expect. Just over a metre is good. All the wonderful pond creatures that are going to make their home in your garden need somewhere to shelter away from the ice that will form in winter.
Then you’ll need a pond liner, gravel, some native UK pond plants and aquatic compost bags. Then you just fill it with tap water and wait. This is when the magic happens.
During the first week or so your pond will go a sickly shade of green as algae makes itself at home. If you’re lucky, you’ll get your first creature in the second or third week. Mine was a hoglouse, a watery cousin of the woodlouse.
Next came mosquito larvae. I had loads, wriggling and squirming beneath the surface. I was transfixed
–my wife was not so impressed. But don’t worry, they are the lure that is going to tempt in other creatures for whom mosquito larvae are the tastiest of treats.
The nymphs of dragonflies and damselflies can’t get enough of them. Frogs and newts love them too.
And if any do manage to hatch into actual mozzies, they’ll be dinner for swallows, swifts and bats.
What you’ve created is an entire ecosystem, an intricate food web. The algae is food for the insects who are food for the frogs who are food for hedgehogs. You get the picture.
When you find yourself wondering why you are spending so long just staring at your new pond here’s the answer: what is unfolding before you is nothing less than the story of life on earth.
a huge fan of ponds. He put his in three years ago and hasn’t looked back.
Justin Rowlatt is the BBC’s first ever climate editor. He describes his job as reporting from the front line of climate change. Justin is also
Pond algae
Learn to love your algae. It is the bottom of the food chain and without it your pond would be a lot less enticing.
Hoglouse
Hoglice are an aquatic relative of the woodlouse. And before you get sniffy about these little lice, you should know they are one of the most ancient animal species on earth at more than 300 million years old.
Rat-tailed maggot
This is one of my favourite pond creatures. Think of maggots but with snorkels attached to their bums. Except because rat-tailed maggots are aquatic, they are wonderfully clean and mutate into beautiful hoverflies.
Marsh marigolds
There are few sights more cheerful than a clump of bright yellow marsh marigolds. Think buttercups but bigger and framed by dramatic dark foliage. They provide a hiding place for frogs and nectar for insects.
Yellow flag iris
There are lots of water iris species around the world but only one real choice for UK ponds, in my opinion. The yellow flag iris, the only aquatic iris native to the UK.
Hornwort
This is one of the workhorses of a thriving pond. Hornwort is a dark green plant that floats beneath the surface releasing life-giving oxygen. But beware, just like algae, happy hornwort will grow like topsy.
Large red damselfly
On a sunny spring day there is always at least one red damselfly hovering, like a tiny helicopter, over my pond. These creatures live out their entire lives before your eyes and their nymphs hoover up mozzie larvae.
Common frog
We have three. All slightly different colours. My wife insists she recognises each one. You’ll be spellbound as they lay their spawn. The tiny black dots in the centre evolve into surprisingly rapacious tadpoles and then, majestic frogs.
