LIVEABLE 2022September/01Issue R80SAVATINCLUSIVE SUSTAINABLEEnvironmental-Social-EconomicalARCHITECTURE
2022September,LIVEABLE DirectorEditor ArtPhotographyProduction Shanti Souris 2322370 Duncan Powell 2355765 Julian de Jonge 2302529 Gabriela Machowski 2332280-1MVRDV,COVER MVRDV Reveals Design of Green Barcode-Inspired Housing Unit In Amsterdam.
SMART Village Shanti Souris Adaptive Reuse Architecture Shanti Souris
Duncan Powell Micro Living Duncan Powell Sustainability in SADuncan Powell New Sustainable Materials in SA Julian De Jonge
The Revival of a Historical BuildingJulian De Jonge Social Sustainablity in Architecture South Africas Architectural & Historical Context Julian De Jonge
The Homeless Housing Intiative Gabriela Machowski
2022September,LIVEABLE 2927252423211917161513119753 EnvironmentalIntroduction
Econimical Sustainablity in Architecture Net-Zero Energy Building Shanti Souris
Understanding the impact of multipurpose spaces Gabriela Machowski Bibliography
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Sustainablity in Architecture Sustainability on an Urban Scale
Nudge Studio, Calling Academy School, South Africa
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Guided by our roots is an unacceptable approach to preservation, as hu manity we have an innate tendency to be drawn to mother nature, how ever we show our appreciation through high carbon emissions, unstable building practices and damage to essential natural habitats. Through the use of sustainable architecture, a world of flourishing communities, thriv ing economies and healthy growing eco-systems can emerge. The power is in our hands, a world so obnoxiously deteriorated by our selfishness can be regrown through sustainable building design. Designing eco-friendly cities, flourishing with greenery and low embodied materials, Locallylo cally sourcing resources to diminish exponential carbon emission rates and providing jobs to all and finally learning about new sustainable approaches and proposals to build and grow a more sustainable future, these are just a few of the ways we can help make building sustainable.Juliande
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Jonge -4-
2022September,LIVEABLE Environmental Sustainability DOOK, I-CAT Offices and Warehouse by Earthworld Architects. -5-
“All the cities of the world are going to expand. We need to have a better under standing of what makes good urban habitat for home sapiens. We have an ob ligation to make the new places more liveable, more sustainable, more healthy. We have the tools.” Jan Gehl
in South Africa may need to start on a personal level. Individu als taking responsibility for their future kin (blood or earthling). For example, a person’s carbon footprint can be reduced by up to 73% by avoiding meat and dairy products, according to Oxford University researchers. Vegan preach over, I promise. On a professional/industrial level we need to become passionate about doing the best we can at every part of a decision or process.
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Sustainability in developing countries is always a weird proposition. Most often it is those countries that have already benefited from unsustainable practices which advocate and demand a ‘greener’ world. Like a billionaire who got their wealth from ethical processes, modelling how to go about growing wealth virtu Sustainabilityously.
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•Incorporation of ecology and
Duncan
•Publicsystem)transport based (Mass transport and feeder systems)
Sustainability on an urban level is immensely complex and requires populations to majorly change the way they live and interact with the systems of the earth. 2Systems thinking is required in all under takings of change in this field as Elena M. Bennett says, “Many key aspects of regional sustainabil ity shifts, and how they interact across locations, are likely to be novel, difficult to influence, or unpredictable.” 1 Erky Wood a pioneer in sustain ability through the medium of urban planning and architecture, believes that we can’t move to a full-on solution, yet we should always try push the envelope; moving through the shades on green as he terms it. A big vision incrementally achieved. In a lecture Erky gave to the third-year architecture students at wits in 2022, he lays out the underpin nings of sustainable urbanism:
BOTTOM: Pixabay, Pollution from A Power
TOP: City of Tshwane, Tshwane Auto motive City Masterplan.
•Energybiodiversityefficiency (through spatial pattern/ waste-to-energy •Smartproduction)cities and smart infra
SustainabilityPlant. on an Urban Scale Powell
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•Structured on social integration (spatially inclusive and democrat •Growthic) of local economies (inte gration of dual logic economies)
•Compact in extent (with empha sis on convenient walking dis tances) Complex in activity pat tern (mixed-use, intense, dense)
•Nextstructuregeneration logistics hubs
•Appropriate service infrastruc ture · Urban agriculture (as an integral part of the urban econo my) 3
•Reducing the need to commute (NMT as a default movement
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² Leach, “ Equity and sustainability in the Anthropocene”
Mr Wood believes that in the developing world, social integra tion (in a spatially inclusive and democratic way) and a common wealth of city is foundational to sustainability. Perhaps that is what environmental sustainabili ty means in South Africa; society making life worth living, before it saves Accordinglife. to StatSA, the NDP (National Development Plan, 2030) has a 74% convergence with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The NDP seems to focus less on environmental side and more on social sustainabil ity. Anecdotally, it doesn’t like we will come close to hitting the goals set up. 4 On an urban level we need planning legislation that stops sprawl and starts to create more compact cities. Minimis ing growth into natural habitats, allowing for biodiversity. Ampli fying the good things about our cities, doing them more and better. Then revising and trans forming those elements that don’t currently work for us.
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¹ Bennett, “Patchwork Earth: Navigating Pathways to Just, Thriving, And Sustainable Futures.”
“A good city is like a good party - people stay longer than really necessary, because they are enjoying themselves” - Jan Gehl
³ Urban Praxis, Sustainable Urbanism - A Way of Thinking.
With the densification of cities and the popularity of moves towards minimalism and sus tainability, the discourse around micro-living and the tiny house movement has been on the rise internationally. However, to essen tialize what you own, you must own more than essentials; so how relevant is this discussion for developing countries, like South WheneverAfrica?
TOP LEFT: SO? Architecture&Ideas, Cabin On The Border.
1 Good design on an architectural and planning level is essential in cases of densification, so that community assets and quality/ sustainability outcomes are not traded off for density. As density increases, it becomes easier for developers to put profit above people and their happiness. This serves as an opportunity for ar chitects to showcase the value of design and provide for the inter ests of both developers and
Thematerials.densification of cities is inev itable, according to Statista over the past 10 years, South Africa has seen a 10% increase in those who live in urban area and cities.
MIDDLE LEFT: Schapochnik, El Camarin BOTTOMFloorplan.LEFT:Stet and Faustle, Loft Buiksloterham.
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Micro Living Duncan Powell -9-
we consider the sus tainability of a project, we need to interrogate its necessity. For example, even if you build the ‘greenest’ building possible, if it was commissioned out of want, it will never be a sustainable build ing until it addresses a need. A micro-building is the next step up from not building at all and is inherently (that’s a long shot) sustainable due to its size restric tions. Less material is used post and pre-construction, buildings are easier to cool and heat, it demands an essentialist lifestyle (provided inhabitants are dis carding their unessential items responsibly and are not renting out heaps of storage containers), money saved on quantity can be used on the quality of envelope, common utilities, and longevity of
² NEVER TOO SMALL, Building Urban VillagesSMALL FOOTPRINT - Ep 3. 4Africa, “The Latest Household Statistics and More | Statistics South Africa.”
6“Nkandla Is Probably the Most Costly Owner Building Project in The History of South Africa.” -10-
BOTTOM RIGHT: Harvey, Aerial View of Diepsloot Squatter Camp. even had a taste of. According to Hopolang Selebalo and Den nis Webster, the total number of households living in informal settlements is estimated to be between 1.1 and 1.4 million in 2011, or between 2.9 and 3.6 mil lion people. 3 and 13,6% of South African households were living in RDP or state-subsidised dwell ings. 4 with shacks being around 20 m2 5and RDP houses around 50 m2. 6 What then is the right re sponse for architects in SA?
¹ “South Africa - Urbanization 2011-2021 | Statista.”
TOP RIGHT: U-TT, Photo Of BBT Section South, Ikhayalami.
2022September,LIVEABLE citizens. 2 El Camarin (MIDDLE LEFT) is a project that retains a good connection with street, privacy, and separation all within 25 m2. Perforated screens, fold out furniture, platforms, and dividers are architectural devices Fernan do uses to create a space that is practical for living and reads Southspaciously.Africa’s National Building Regulations, although good in their intentions, hold back de velopment into more sustainable options. For example, in the case of micro-living, our regulations don’t allow for doors, stairs, and rooms smaller than the standard. Custom design can make small, illegal, uninhabitable spaces com pletely liveable and beneficial for well-being. However, designers often need less (safety) restric tions to be able to make these decisions work. Micro living provides multiple challenges and opportunities for profes sionals, including fill-in projects, multi-generational housing, group utilities, population well-being, environment, etcetera. Most likely one of the biggest challenges of all is changing the connotation and stigma around living in a small space. Transitioning into a new zeitgeist where we value community assets and sustain ability, higher than material wealth has begun to start but is still a long way away. Many citi zens of developed countries are yet again in a privileged position, in which they have already lived a life of excess at the cost of the environment. Here in South Afri ca most of the population will be pressured (for a good cause) into giving up something they haven’t
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Khayelitsha Township Corrugated Iron Shacks Stock Photo. Is Sustainability a one size fits all solution? Elena Bennett says that “There are many regional pathways to a more sustainable future, but our lack of under standing about how these com plex and sometimes contradic tory pathways interact limits our ability to choose the ‘best’ ones,”1 Technology, social values, pol icy, diet, etcetera are pathways to sustainability, but we will be focussing on avenues which have a connection to the built environ Joment.Noero said this about informal settlements, “It could be argued that this is a highly sustainable and efficient and resourceful form of housing production. These people build houses that don’t cost anyone any money, they use recycled materials, there’s no cost to the state, they’re done imaginatively and resourcefully.” 2
Sustainability in SA DuncanGreig,Powell
¹ McGill University, “There Is No One-Size-Fits-All Road to Sustainability On ‘Patchwork Earth’.” Design Indaba, Jo Noero on Socially Purposeful South African Architecture. Maylie, “South Africa’S Tourism Industry: Next Stop, Recovery?”
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I remember being baffled by this response he gave during a lecture at the Design Indaba- a common occurrence during my undergrad uate-this was such a different view than I had grown up with. Instead of viewing informal settlements as something bad, dirty, and unorganised, Jo shared a positive view about the issue. Not one that saw it as something to be irradicated, but rather an opportunity to work with the communities to make that world work better. The problem with spontaneity is always a lack of planning. Although, rich, energetic commu nities are formed, services and pragmatism are often overlooked. Roads, electricity, green space, wet services, are things (except for electricity) that need to be planned. To provide these after the fact means the uprooting of many homes. Built environment professionals need to find a way of getting involved in the devel opment of new informal settle ments. Not to be overbearing, but to give advice to those developing their environments on how to produce more sustainable out Withcomes.solar geysers, small percent ages of glass, and northern orien tation, RDP houses are a step in the right direction. Projects like Productive (Re)public are trying to find solutions to providing rainwater collection and purifi cation, as well as energy auton omy that is renewable to poorer households. However, like with most things, money is the solu tion. Money to drive more consid ered design, products that have a circular lifecycle, and education on Educationsustainability.hasamassive role to play in the propagation of a more sustainable South Africa. Govern ment, professionals, and citizens need to be educated and inspired to make change. Placing sustain ability as part of our national identity, may teach us to value it and provide the accountability we need. As built environment professionals, we need to get pas sionate about sustainability and influence our students and clients to do the same.
TOP LEFT: Bamboo Composite BOTTOMDecking
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GBCSA or more commonly known as the Green Building Council of South Africa, a building in its context needs to abide by the 6 key principles highlighted, in order to meet the classification of a green building: Recycling, indoor environmental quality, energy efficiency, water efficiency, waste management and responsible sourcing. The future is near and materials with a high embodied energy, car bon footprint and slow decay are increasingly harming our abilities to thrive for generations to come. By using recycled and locally sourced materials, a decrease in carbon emissions(transport) \em bodied energy and environmental damage can be observed.
Bulletin
New sustainable materials in South Africa
The use of composite materi als in South Africa is becoming increasingly more evident. A concerning need for change has awoken South African architects and inspired them to use more eco-friendly and sustainable materials. 1A composite material is the combination of commonly used techniques, technologies and in essence materials, molded together to fit form and functions that are desired by our builders.1
for BJFU Garden Festival RIGHT:
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LEFT: Swirling Cloud: Pavilion VILLA DEINZE
Why are Sustainable materials the new Accordingcraze?tothe
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New In: South Africa has taken its approach to sustainable design by incorporating materials such as reclaimed wood, cork flooring, timber Crete and Mycelium. Another well-known and trendy sustainable material, recently introduced to south African construction workers and architects is Bamboo composite Bamboodecking.
composite decking: Bamboo fibres and recycled plastics bottles are being used for this new and innovative composite material. It provides a longer lasting, more sustainable and eco-friendly approach to the traditional hardwood\softwood timber decking, commonly used in South Africa. The reason this material is being used more recently is because of its fast grow rate and its ability to replenish rapidly. The list of benefits are extensive: bamboo is durable, versatile and eco-friendly. It provides an array of colours, sizes and specifications for particular use, the composite decking has a lifespan of up to 25 years without cracking, bending nor breaking. Bamboo has a protective layer against pests, is cost efficient, easy to install and is really low maintenance. So, before you design your next innovative idea or design, take into consideration that South Africa has a wide variety of affordable, sustainable and eco-friendly composite materials on offer for you today! As technologies improve and so do the introduction of new and innovative building materials arise, we as not only South Africans but the world needs to make more environmentally conscious decisions regarding building design. And what better way to start than by focusing on materials. Our advancements in technol ogy such as the recycling of used plastic, concrete and more has given us the chance to better our futures, not only for us but for future generations as well. -141McGill University. “There is no one-size-fits-all road to sustainability on ‘Patchwork Earth’.” ScienceDaily.
Shanti EconomicalSouris
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Sustainability La Jolla Commons.
-15AECOM,
South Africa is a country burdened by poverty and high unemployment. Sustainable Economic Development helps countries grow in ways that adapt to the challenges posed by climate change and improve the livelihoods of people, especially those in poverty. Economic growth can lead to new and better employ ment opportunities and provide greater economic security for all. Buildings have the capability to func tion in our favour, why not take advantage of that?
Adaptive Reuse Architecture
2.Slows urban sprawl.This refers to the unrestricted ex pansion of urban areas, con tributing to air pollution and other environmental impacts. Adaptive reuse counteracts urban 3.Createssprawl.anew community beacon.It is functional and often beautiful. Which are two things our city often lacks.2
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Adaptive reuse means ret rofitting old/ abandoned structures for new users but also retaining their original structure. It removes the need to demolish the structure and reduces the need to construct new buildings for today’s Downtownusers.
Shanti
Adaptive Reuse In The SA Property Sector, Zeitz MO CAA , Cape Town, 2018 1ANNA, CARA. 2018. “PICS: ‘No One Cares’ About Inhabitants Of Joburg’s ‘Hijacked’ Buildings”. 2”What Is Adaptive Reuse Architecture And Why It’s Important”. 3”Adaptive Reuse In The SA Property Sector: Is It Time To Abandon ‘Out With The Old’?”. Souris -16-
cultural heritage. South Africa has a rich and complicated history. It should be preserved and certainly not flattened for new commercial buildings or parking lots.
Adaptive reuse is happening more and more abroad, but also right here in South Afri ca. The newly completed Zeitz MOCAA in Cape Town is a beautiful example. The mu seum was carved out of more than 100 disused concrete silos that made up the Grain Silo Complex- out of use since the 1990s.Given the current reces sion, investors really need to think outside the box to find ways to bring value to their properties. And opportunity for adaptive use in the city is abundant.3
Why is Adaptive Reuse Im 1.Maintainsportant?
Johannesburg is home to hundreds of aban doned and hijacked buildings. “The city can confirm 432 buildings as hijackes as of March (2018) “, a spokesman for the mayor’s office, Omogo lo Taunyane. South Africa is desperately in need of func tional low-income housing. Is adaptive reuse architecture the solution?1
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Shanti Souris
LEFT: Admin, Gwakwani Solar RIGHT: Admin, Gwakwani Creche donated by UJ and Schneider Electric
Gwakwani: South Africa’s first smart rural village.
SMART Village’s aim is to sup port rural communities with new technologies and energy access. It is a contemporary initiative to develop rural villages and provide them with essential amenities, education, health, clean drinking water, sanitation, and environmen tal sustainability. The earth is urgently in need of a fresh Traditionalattitude. methods have not been successful in responding to the complex dilemmas of poverty, inequality, and stigma tization. These smart villages have the potential to generate social and economic change in rural villages through digital transformation in ways that aid the poorest, most margin alized communities. (“Smart Villages – Smart Africa” 2022)
In South Africa’s northeast corner, not far from the bor ders of Zimbabwe and Mozam bique lies Gwakwani, a SMART Village
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2”Smart Villages – Smart Africa”. 2022. -18-
1Admin. “Gwakwani: South Africa’S First Smart Rural Village”.
2022September,LIVEABLE remote village home to 100 people. Gwakwani was so isolated and forgotten by its municipality and government. It had no running water and electricity, no internet access, and the cell phone recep tion that was patchy at best. Schools and clinics were, and still are, located between 6km and 20km away. In 2014, the construction of South Africa’s first smart vil lage commenced. UJ’s School of Electrical Engineering start ed to work with the chief and local council to introduce crit ical improvements. “We start ed by replacing Gwakwani’s diesel borehole pump with a solar borehole pump, and built a network of taps and tanks,” says Cornay Keefer, the School of Electrical Engineering’s project manager. “This was followed by the installation of solar lights in the villagers’ homes, as well as solar street lights.”
Economic Empowerment soon followed. Earning an income is almost impossible due to the remoteness of the village. Unemployment is high. The UJ team built a solar-powered bakery, where bread and other baked goods are now made and sold. A solar-powered crèche was also built for the villagers’ youngest residents. (Admin Project2022) manager, Cornay Keef er, explains “Sensors have been put in place all over the village and this data is fed back to a system I can monitor and con trol from UJ. I can see when the pressure in the water tanks is running low, what the ambi ent temperature inside the cold storage unit is, and when the borehole pump is experiencing issues.” The technology being used in Gwakwani is not nec essarily cutting edge; however it is still basic 4IR technology in an area that has never had access to any form of tech nology before. The result is a SMART village that operates without municipal infrastruc ture and meets the economic and social needs of its resi dents for generations to come. (Admin 2022) The proactive approach to wards the development of engineering on home ground preserves the village lifestyle. The overall concept of SMART Villages is to bring electricity, education, and internet access, and train people to think about how their village will look in the future.
The Green Building, Cape Town
Most buildings today use a lot of energy- to keep the lights on, cool the air, heat water, and power personal devices. Even installing solar systems will not signifi cantly counter the heavy energy load. This is where the concept of zero-energy buildings comes in. These buildings strike a balance or even tip the scales the other way. Zero-energy buildings are designed and built to consume as little energy as possible. As a building, it can offset the amount of energy required to build and operate throughout its lifetime in all aspects of the site, source, cost, and Whileemissions.1SouthAfrica’s National Development Plan sets the goal of a “transition to an environmen tally sustainable, climate-change resilient, low-carbon economy and just society”, the country is behind in implementing these changes compared to the rest of the world.
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The Green Building, located in Westlake, Cape Town, is a step in the right direction. In South Africa, a third of the energy-relat ed greenhouse gas emissions are from residential and commercial buildings. This 700sqm net-zero carbon office building demon strates how low-carbon buildings could be designed, constructed, and occupied- and demonstrate commercial viability. The ongoing energy that the building con sumes is primarily provided by the rooftop Solar PV Panels, how ever, some grid electricity is con sumed during the winter as the PV panels do not generate enough for the building’s demand. The excess power generated during the summer is exported to the municipal grid. As it stands, the Green Building generates as much electricity a year from Solar PV as it consumes from the municipal grid, thus making it a net-zero carbon building.2
BOTTOM: Sustainable Energy Africa, Solar PV on the Green Building, 2018 Net-Zero Energy Buildings
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TOP: Sustainable Energy Africa, The Green Building Courtyard, 2018
The building is 70-80% more ef ficient than the average commer cial building, only consuming -20-
2”Sustainable Energy Africa - News”. 2018.
The design of the building max imizes thermal efficiency and reduces the need for mechanical heating and cooling. Passive solar design principles were applied to achieve this. The roof overhangs have been carefully calculat ed and the large windows that feature throughout the building maximize daylight, which is the primary light source. The Green Building was constructed using largely recycled materials. The bricks were 93% recycled, the metal frames for the windows were sourced from a scrapyard, and a considerable amount of the wood was obtained from demoli tion sites. Onsite materials (ex isting stone) were used to reduce the need to transport materials, and solvent-free paint and wood treatment were used.2
1Wyatt. “Step By Step: How To Achieve A Net Zero Building - Blog - Cundall”.
2022September,LIVEABLE 30-50 kwh/m/year compared to 200-300kwh/m/year or more. The Green Building was designed to fit within the natural context of the Cape Peninsula. The building is one of the first (if not the first) zero carbon footprint buildings in South Africa. Sustainable design principles have come a long way since the Green Building was designed. Going net-zero is more achievable today. Can you make it down to net-zero carbon?2
Julian de Jonge -212“Smart Living Handbook - Cape Town.” Heritage_Caring_for_your_old_building.pdf. heritage@capetown.gov.za, 2005
Restorations on old historical buildings can be a tricky one. We do not want to damage the integ rity, rich historical influence or overall building aesthetic when doing so.
on the basics, look at the materials and color scheme of the building. Do not clash with opposing materials as this will result in over restoration and ruin the revival of the building. 1The heritage building will begin to look like a mockup and essential ly destroy the overall aesthetic it brings to the economy. 2
Firstly, we need to focus on the basics, a simple routine check will need to be done. Fixing roofs and gutters, removal of molds, dirt and deteriorating structural elements will need to be fixed and well maintained thereaf ter. 2The next step will be to do thorough research on the building of choice. Before making rash decisions on a historically rich building and renovating it, make sure to keep a clear eye on intend ed room purposes and old doc uments regarding maintenance, these will help drive your design initiatives and make choices that best suit the building in ques tion..2
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How we can go about reviving Historical buildings?
The Revival of a Heritage Building
How can we Improve the Build Focusing?
Restoration and sustainability? Through Biophilic restoration a series of proposals can bring an old heritage building back to life without destroying or harming its historical footprint. 2
LEFT: Berg, Anders Sune. Two Un thought Thoughts, 2015 MIDDLE: Tchilingirian, Sako. Obliv ion, Rebirth of a House. Concrete Contemporary Minimalism Architec ture, RIGHT:2018White, SKYSCRAPER CITY, 2015 -22-
Biophilia: The word bio philia originates from the Greek word, ‘philia’ mean ing ‘love of’. It literally means a love of life or liv ing things. Humans have a deeply engrained love of nature which is an intuitive and a natural drive imprinted into our DNA. By using Biophilic designs and proposals to restore these her itage sites, we can inevitably draw people into spaces and revive these spaces. The use of light weight timber structures to provide shading for people to sit under, picket fence walls to invite rather than instate estab lish a strong security presence, eco-friendly materials and build ing practices to reduce carbon emissions and embodied energy, while preserving all the funda mental riches of the heritage site.
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Gabriela Machowski 2022September,LIVEABLE-23Emmaus College, Collage Portrait.
Physical space transforms at a much slower rate than social development. Social development must define the physical development, new developments and re-developments must enforce their social ideas. South Africa sits now, 28 years after apartheid laws fell, but many of the spatial divisions still exist. We would like to talk positively about spatial devel opment. We would like to show how despite slow, change is still change.
Social Sustainability
During apartheid the main goal was to divide and class differ ent racial groups accordingly. Systems such as the Population Registration Act No 30 of 1950 as well as the Group Areas Act wwhere put in place to segregate people according to skin tone.
Africas Architectural & Historical Context
How could architecture play such a massive role? The architects pre 1994 would receive a list of demands by the client and would have to adhere to these instructions. The design process focused on an apartheid style of building, one where not all were welcome. The influence of South African architecture, pre1994 was detrimental to people of Labor and Architecture Mining in South Africa became increasingly more intensive in the 19th century. A vast number of labour-intensive activities where to be carried out by black South Africans to extract this raw material from the ground. Tens of thousands of workers were need ed to extract gold and diamonds from Kimberly as well as Witwa tersrand. 3The problem was the influx of black laborers into the city space where they were most certainly not welcome. But they needed a place to stay? The apart heid government would relocate thousands of black workers into surrounding communities where they were not allowed to visit friends or family.3 Their design of the “hostel compounds’’ in which they would stay in would consist of controlled entry/exit points, sturdy design, far away from white communities but close to authoritarian buildings, secu rity. As a result, this architectural oppression caused emotional and physical harm to people of colour during apartheid.3
Julian de
TOP: Schadeberg, Jurgen ,WE WONT MOVE, 2015 BOTTOM: Rawoot, Ilham. District Six Fails, South2016
3Miller, Johnny. “The Architecture of Apartheid - Daily Maverick.” Daily Maverick. africanDRONE, 2018.
Architectural influence played a massive role in such segregation as architects where to design buildings and spaces to exclude, rather than welcome all. As we all know by now: Schools, libraries, parks and even benches where only to be used if designated by a white official at the time.
Jonge
color. The unjust laws where not only character breaking and de grading but the architecture alone would enforce this narrative.3 During apartheid white suprem acy parties ruled South Africa and enforced the narrative of being the superior race as well as characteristic traits as opposed to people of color. You could see this through the architecture. White classed neighborhoods where ad vanced in terms of building styles, façade detailing, building mate rial properties and overall com fortability. White South African architects where designing for a higher quality of living for their race whereas black South Afri cans were merely given a place to stay. 3RDP style houses were built in black marked zones or town ships merely for housing, so that they could work extensively the following day. No thought was put into comfortability or standard of living, thus enforcing the entitled narrative of apartheid. -24-
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2022September,LIVEABLE The homeless iniative Gabriela Machowski
² “Homelessness
Homelessness is a major problem in urban areas. In 2018 there were estimates that 100,000 – 200,000 people were homeless in South Africa (Human Sciences Research Council, 2018). An estimated 34,000 people are homeless in Cape Town and Johannesburg (Africa News, 2021 / Daily Maver ick, 2021).
THE HOMELESS HOUSING INITATIVE Africa — Homeless World Cup.” In South Africa - Wikipedia.” Of South Africa - Wikipedia.” and Shoba, “WORLD HOMELESS DAY: The Reality Of Living On The Street In SA.” Rural-Urban Linkages: South Africa Case Study.
³ “History
⁴ Shoba
IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL SUS TAINABILITY IN SOUTH AFRICA
-25¹ “South
Miller, Divided: Urban Inequality in South Africa. Zondi, I Came Across This One Which I Thought Was Very Funny.
Bosch, A Man Builds a Shack Home for Himself And His Seven Of Cape Town
⁵ Atkinson,
Since South Africa’s National lockdown, due to Covid in 2020, there has been a staggering growth of citizens losing their homes, jobs and subsequently being forced onto the streets. This happens because of multiple rea sons which go deeper than simply “not working” or “mismanage ment”, which many upper-class people seem to think. As it is a very sensitive topic, many find it impossible to understand the differences between the lives of others and their own, especial ly if we as South African’s are confronted with these differences daily and have come to normal ize it through media, family and friends and most importantly a lack of governmental interfer ence. What arises is the issue of being so overexposed to home lessness that many become so desensitized to it and because the task of managing it or helping the homeless seems so overwhelm ing – it almost becomes easier to just write the homeless off as “lazy”. On the other hand, many South Africans are experiencing their own financial problems due to the current economic state of the country and so it is under standable that they may choose to ignore it. Homelessness in South Africa is an ever-impending, complex issue that is in desperate need of intervention. -26Seven Children Outside Furzer, Hanging Pod Shelters for Homeless. Anon.
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PUTTING HOMELESSNESS INTO SouthCONTEXT:Africa, a place of complex history, has developed a very class-based society. Racially questionable but also progres sive, homelessness and unem ployment continue to grow with certain areas growing in opposite directions, creating imbalances in wealth and power between the different South African class es. This makes it increasingly difficult for those living within the poverty cycle to escape it, as doing so would take considerably more resources, which only those above the poverty line would have access to.
Why and how adaptability can change your life: As mentioned earlier, the Covid Pandemic has had a major impact on our social development. This includes having learnt how to function solely through a digital platform by allowing the average person to make their home their most common and useful space. Whether a big or small family the human population continues to grow, making any space one that requires all essentials, which bring purpose and functionality into our daily lives. Versatile fur niture has proven to be one of the
Multi-functional Architecture can be described as a true integration of different functions in a certain time and space through design, furniture, storage, buildings and so much more. Before but also during the Covid pandem ic specifically, our homes have developed themselves into mixused zones making life simpler and simultaneously more detailed and compact. The way we live is changing and with social sustain ability in mind even the smallest implementations can have the biggest impacts.
Understanding the impact of multipurpose spaces -27-
2022September,LIVEABLE most common as well as admired forms of design, specifically in Asian and European countries with a dense population contin ues to spread all over the world.
Gabriela Machowski
How to change your mindset and apply this in your daily Notlife: too long-ago having things was the goal. Extra silverware, random rooms, expensive and materialistic objects, hoard ing to some degree and just a whole bunch of stuff that never really gets used. To many decluttering has allowed for more clarity and freedom in life: The less you have the less responsibilities come along with them. STEP Purchase01 flexible furniture One of the best places to start is with the stuff that fills your rooms. Furniture design has come a long way and is the first step to making one room equal two. For example, a bed that can be folded into a couch; a table
¹ Brandt and Vejre, “Multifunctional Landscapes - Motives, Concepts And Perceptions.” ² Harbour, “Multipurpose Rooms - 10 Flexible Spaces In Today’s Home - Bob Vila.” ³ Arauco, “Defining Multi-Functional Living Spaces.”
STEP Prioritise02 storage and adjustment
Waste is one of our world’s biggest and most underplayed issues. Besides physical and discarded garbage polluting the world, there is also an incline of mental waste which consist of creating something that has no actual long-term value. Imple menting ideas that allow for sus tainability in any circumstance can make anything worthwhile. Design is a choice, but as life develops -28-
DE LUCA, EXCRESCENT UTOPIA.
that can stretch into a bigger one or be stored aside for space; nest ing furniture that can be stacked or separated. The most important thing to remember here is under stand and measure your space before anything else.
2022September,LIVEABLE
TOP TO BOTTOM: Cucchiaro,Anon. Solar Park South: A Parasitic City by Ja Studio Inc.
STEP 03 See a room as more than just it’s assigned function This is a creative factor that can require much thought and re search. It can be difficult to imag ine or even implement designated spaces that take on more than just one thing, but with purpose can change your life. With this in mind, it can become very easy to confuse intensions. For example, not managing the space suc cessfully by using a dining room table as a working desk and then forgetting to divide the space later. Once understood though, adaptable spaces save so much mental stability and to some degree forces organization into So,everything.whatdoes this mean for you?
If you’re still reading this, then you must be ready to make a decluttering change in your life. One of the biggest issues people have is having too many things, which is why preparation is key! Tables and sofas with storage compartments, furniture that can be placed aside and, architectur ally, a staircase that has drawers or shelves installed with easy access. There are so many ideas out there, don’t limit yourself!
Berg, White Arkitekter Transforms a Swedish Square With 65 Meter Bench.
“Patchwork
2022September,LIVEABLE Elena M. 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to Just, Thriving, And Sustainable Futures”.
SUSTAINABILITY ON AN URBAN SCALE ¹ Bennett,
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The travel carbon footprint for all team members: 0.03 metric tons for 174 km in an av erage car (up to 1.4-litre engine average). This is relatively low for a printing project over the span of a month. We kept in-person meetings low by making use of online services like Microsoft teams.
How sustainable is this Magazine?
Much of the magazine is black and white to print efficiently. This means fewer cartridg es end up in landfills. Ryman eco font was also used to minimize ink usage. National Geographic magazine undertook a study which showed that the average life cycle of its magazine produces the equivalent of around 0.82kg of carbon dioxide which is like driving your car for about three kilometres.
According to energuide.be, a computer that is on for eight hours a day uses almost 600 kWh and emits 175 kg of CO2 per year.) This magazine took around 50 hours on a com puter to complete. Therefore around 2,87kg of CO2
87 % is made up of recycled paper 13 % is made up of repurposed gloss paper
Travel Emissions = 30kg CO 2
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Electrical Emissions = 2.87kg CO 2