September 23, 2016

Backs against the wall

Students protest police violence Divinity students gathered in response to a fatal police shooting in Charlotte | Page 4

Duke travels to South Bend to take on Notre Dame as 20-point underdogs | Sports Page 6

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Duke breaks tie with Methodist Church Dan Ariely’s new book focuses on pizza, praise Rob Palmisano The Chronicle

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Ben Yang | The Chronicle

for the North Carolina Conference, and Michael Rich, web and communications manager at the Western North Carolina Conference, noted the University and churches will still interact.

“We continue to share and cherish our Methodist connection with Duke University in this time in more appropriate and mutually helpful ways,” Leek wrote in a statement.

Schoenfeld noted that although the Trustees’ charter gave the Conferences electoral power, in reality the churches just ratified the Trustees’ own nominations.

No one can join the Board without the

In a recent study, Dan Ariely discovered something that college students have understood all along—the power of pizza.

Ariely—James B. Duke professor of psychology and behavioral economics— conducted a study which found that receiving free pizza vouchers or compliments from one’s boss increased productivity in the workplace, while receiving a $30 cash bonus decreased it. The full study is recounted in his new book, “Payoff: The Hidden Logic That Shapes Our Motivations,” which is scheduled to be released Nov. 15.

“We need to start saying to ourselves that simple motivation is very hard to buy,” Ariely said.

The study offered employees at an Intel semiconductor factory in Israel one of three messages promising a reward and then evaluated the messages’ effects on daily and weekly productivity. Every fourth employee received no message, representing the control group.

The three motivators offered by Ariely were a free pizza voucher, a compliment from the boss and a cash bonus. He found that the cash bonus was the only variable resulting

Adam Beyer The Chronicle Effective this year, none of Duke’s Board of Trustees members will be elected by the Methodist Church.

The North Carolina and Western North Carolina Conferences of the United Methodist Church have together traditionally ratified 24 members of the Board, although only after a majority of the Trustees recommended the candidate.

Now, however, any future group of Trustees will be elected without confirmation from either church. Twelve members will continue to be elected by Duke alumni.

Members each serve six-year terms, and no Trustees can serve more than two consecutive terms with renewed eligibility following two years absence.

“The bylaws were changed earlier this year and take effect with the next group of Trustees to be elected to the board,” wrote Michael Schoenfeld, vice president for public affairs and government relations, in an email. “It was done in consultation with the conferences and with the support of the current and immediate past Trustees from the United Methodist Church.”

In two statements, the conferences noted that their leadership had been involved in the decision.

Derek Leek, director of communications

Student war journalist recounts experiences in Africa Deepti Agnihotri The Chronicle While many of his peers are gearing up for job applications, one Duke student is already living his future dream.

Rajiv Golla, a senior majoring in political science and history, has been traveling throughout East Africa and covering the South Sudanese civil war for over six months as a freelance writer for media outlets such as Roads & Kingdoms and The Caravan. The war, which began in 2013, has been a continuous stream of guerrilla battles between the government and rebel forces.

“I was about 20 kilometers from the front, and most of my works were

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about how the war works from the ground level,” Golla said.

Golla noted that he has always been interested in African politics. He started to get deeply involved in research about two years ago, when he spent a whole summer learning about the Sudanese conflict and friended every south Sudanese person he could find on Facebook to make connections with the rebel forces.

Although there were no official avenues for him to explore the Sudanese conflict, Golla said that his persistence in emailing contacts and expressing his passion helped him achieve his goal.

“Duke has a lot of money to throw at projects like this,” Golla said. “We don’t have a big [African studies] department,

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but they always love to help.”

Stephen Smith, professor of practice in African and African American studies, served as a mentor to Golla and praised him for his contagious passion.

“He only wanted to know how he could get into contact with the rebel movement in South Sudan, how he could organize his trip to make it safe and productive,” Smith said. “I understood he would go there no matter what, and it was a waste of time to caution him or dissuade him, so I tried to be as helpful as I could.”

Golla said that he was sometimes affected by the anecdotes he heard during his experiences, adding that it See WAR JOURNALIST on Page 12

Serving the University since 1905

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Special to The Chronicle Senior Rajiv Golla spent six months as a freelance writer in Africa.

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Duke environmental law clinic represents teenage activist proceedings are typical.

“It is very difficult to get enforcement actions undertaken,” Arata said. “There is a big lag time, and then we also face this hurdle of getting necessary new regulations into place.”

But Longest said he remains optimistic that, with an updated petition, the EMC will have to grant a fair hearing and may reach a different conclusion.

The two-year interval since the initial petition has made the case more favorable, he noted. For example, solar panels have become cheaper and more efficient.

“I have no doubt [the petition] has a realistic chance of success over some timeline,” he said. “As the costs come down, the excuses have to give way.”

Henry Chan The Chronicle After a setback in a high-profile environmental court case last year, the Duke Environmental Law and Policy Clinic is again putting pressure on the North Carolina government to regulate carbon emissions.

The clinic and Our Children’s Trust—an Oregon non-profit that works with youth to push for climate recovery policies— are supporting a petition to limit carbon emissions, which was started by teenage activist Hallie Turner. It was rejected by the North Carolina Environmental Management Commission in 2014, and a county court appeal was denied in 2015. But with the leadership of Clinic Director Ryke Longest and Michelle Nowlin, senior lecturing fellow at the clinic, graduate students are working to incorporate new scientific data and legal arguments into the petition.

“The science showing adverse impact and costs [of climate change] have increased so much over time,” Longest said. “We’re rebuilding the case from bottom-up, with better science and better law.”

The situation today In 2014, Turner, then 12 years old, petitioned the EMC to set a rule that would reduce carbon dioxide emissions by four percent annually. The clinic came to Turner’s assistance after the EMC denied the petition, but a November 2015 appeal in the Wake County Superior Court was also denied.

“There is a lot of hypocrisy in North Carolina’s position,” said Longest, describing the government’s approach to environmental regulation as a Catch-22.

Courtesy of Duke Photography The Duke Environmental Law and Policy Clinic will support a petition by activist Hallie Turner to limit carbon emissions.

In rejecting the petition, the North Carolina government argued that state laws prohibit enacting rules that are more stringent than federal rules on the same subject. At the same time, North Carolina is suing the Environmental Protection Agency to stop it from making more stringent federal rules, on the grounds that this violates state supremacy.

By this logic, neither state nor federal government is authorized to make the first move to regulate carbon emissions. The clinic’s view is that the gridlock is due to the EMC chairman cherry-picking which statutes to apply.

Shannon Arata, Law School ’13, who focuses on litigation at the clinic, believes that this inconsistency will be cleared up eventually but admits that lengthy

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Future court strategy Both Turner and Our Children’s Trust are now official clients of the clinic, which strengthens the case and future actions.

North Carolina is considered a state where environmental litigation is relatively difficult.

“It’s critical to have partners in each jurisdiction to support the cases, and we are thrilled to be partnered with the clinic,” wrote Nathan Bellinger, staff attorney for Our Children’s Trust, in an email.

Turner’s petition and the clinic’s court strategy both rely on a doctrine known as “public trust,” which states that the government has authority over certain natural resources that cannot be privatized.

Although this doctrine is traditionally applied to protect water resources, legal experts are exploring the possibility of extending its protection to the atmosphere.

If the notion of “atmospheric trust” gains approval in court, it will have wide-reaching ramifications. In effect, it allows courts to

compel government action on protecting the atmosphere, which affects industries and businesses across the entire state. Members of the Clinic said they are convinced that this is the right way to go.

“Atmospheric trust will be viewed in history’s hindsight as not having been an overreach, but rather, a recognition that, just like the public trust protects water, air is every bit as important,” Longest said.

Beyond the petition But the clinic is looking beyond the petition to other environmental law issues as well.

As it approaches its tenth year, the clinic continues to provide policy development and litigation services to community clients through about a dozen graduate students from the Law School and the Nicholas School of the Environment per semester.

Currently, students can choose from 10 cases that are on the docket, covering a variety of subjects such as food and agriculture, energy systems and marine ecology. The Environmental Law and Policy Clinic is one of 11 legal clinics at Duke.

Although the clinic primarily focuses on graduate students, Longest pointed to increased outreach to the wider student population by social media and cooperations with student-led campus initiatives.

Sophomore Claire Wang, president of the Duke Climate Coalition, noted that the clinic’s litigation work complements activist projects on campus to form a multi-pronged approach. Longest recently took on the role of campus faculty advisor for DCC, and plans for the clinic to reach out to undergraduates through Bass Connections and events on climate change.

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Duke alum Josh Kun receives On the path to mind-reading: Study models emotional states MacArthur ‘genius grant’ Staff Reports

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Adding to the list of Duke alums with notable awards, Josh Kun, Trinity ‘93, received a MacArthur Fellowship—commonly known as a “genius grant”—Thursday.

As a professor of communication in the Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism at the University of Southern California, Kun studies how art and pop culture can be used for cross-cultural exchange as well as how to bring to life forgotten historical narratives. He focuses on racial and ethnic identity in his works, which include academic scholarship, exhibitions and performances.

“While our communities, our nation and our world face both historic and emerging challenges, these 23 extraordinary individuals give us ample reason for hope,” MacArthur Foundation President Julia Stasch said in a release. “They are breaking new ground in areas of public concern, in the arts and in the sciences, often in unexpected ways. Their creativity, dedication and impact inspire us all.”

Kun and 22 others will receive a $625,000 grant distributed over five years for their creativity and contributions to their fields. The winners this year included writers, visual artists, scientists and non-profit organization leaders.

Much of Kun’s work focuses on the diverse communities of Los Angeles with an emphasis on music, art and food in American life. His book “To Live and Dine in LA: Menus and the Making of the Modern City” delved into urban history using taste. He also examined African American, Jewish American, Mexican American and Mexican popular music in his

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Courtesy of the MacArthur Foundation Josh Kun’s work centers around the influence of art and popular culture.

2006 work “Audiotopia.”

The MacArthur Fellowship aims “to provide recipients with the flexibility to pursue their own artistic, intellectual and professional activities,” according to its website.

“In work that spans academic scholarship, exhibitions and performances, Kun unearths and brings to life forgotten historical narratives through finely grained analyses of material and sonic manifestations of popular culture,” the MacArthur Foundation wrote in Kun’s profile.

Kun received a B.A. in literature from Duke before earning a Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1999.

He has curated exhibitions and installations for the Getty Foundation, the Museum of Latin American Art, the Skirball Center and the Grammy Museum. He also co-founded the Idelsohn Society for Musical Preservation, which produces albums and concerts of Jewish American music.

and a neutral state. “[Subjects would] get about seven 15-minute runs where they alternated between viewing clips and then making ratings,” Kragel said.

The researchers had to select clips that would elicit the same emotional reaction from all viewers, which Kragel said is an essential aspect of developing accurate brain models.

After the initial maps were made, participants were given an MRI and asked to report their emotional state every 30 seconds. This resting state was conducive to spontaneous emotions, LaBar said.

“This is basically one of these times where you can have memories of previous

After being the fodder for many cheesy science-fiction movies, mind reading may be less unrealistic than previously thought.

Led by Kevin LaBar, professor of psychology and neuroscience, researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging—also known as fMRI—technology to create a model of the brain based on how it experiences distinct emotional states.

Philip Kragel, Pratt ’06 and a research assistant, helped develop a computer algorithm to identify unknown emotional states by comparing them to previouslySee MIND-READING on Page 5 mapped emotions.

“The main motivation behind this work was really that there are no scientifically validated, objective measures of specific emotions,” LaBar said.

LaBar explained that although previous studies have employed fMRI machines to study emotions, these investigations have been limited to monitoring subjects’ brains as they watch movies or engage in certain activities.

The new research, however, aimed to go further and investigate “spontaneous elicitation of emotion.”

During the first part of the study, researchers showed subjects film and instrumental music, using the data to map the brain. In doing so, they obtained models of how the brain experiences Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons seven different emotions—contentment, Researchers studied emotional states using amusement, surprise, fear, anger, sadness fMRI machines to examine the brain.

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Wendy Davis meets student Divinity students protest leaders, emphasizes youth vote police violence in Charlotte Wendy Davis: It’s kind of a multi-layered responsibility while I’m here. I’m doing some The Chronicle campaigning for Hillary tomorrow [Friday] around the state, I’m campaigning and Wendy Davis, a former Texas state senator known fundraising for Deborah Ross, a U.S. Senate for her 11-hour filibuster in 2013 to block a Senate candidate. Of course, I have the privilege of bill restricting abortion, visited campus Thursday putting my Deeds Not Words [an organization to meet with student leaders. She will also hold a that connects young activists with existing roundtable event Friday morning in the Law School resources, which Davis founded] hat on with and will later visit the University of North Carolina the students here at Duke. at Chapel Hill. The Chronicle’s Samantha Neal TC: What kind of role do you see young talked with Davis about the presidential election, the ongoing Charlotte protests and student voting as people—and especially young people in North Carolina—playing in this election?

Davis visited Red Mango.

WD: It’s crucial. Young people in this The Chronicle: I was wondering if you country—and I’m sure the statistic is similar could tell me a little bit about what you’re here—occupy almost 40 percent of the doing in North Carolina. What events are you voting population, and so the participation of young people and their values at the voting going to and what do you hope to gain? box is really going to make a difference in the future of this country and this election.

Samantha Neal

Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Wendy Davis founded Deeds Not Words, a nonprofit organization that connects young activists with resources.

TC: I know you’re an advocate for Hillary Clinton. What has your role in her campaign been like?

WD: I’ve been a surrogate for her, and I’ve traveled to around 20 states for her campaign.

I try to share my story about what I’ve observed over the long course of her public service career and why I feel so passionately about why her voice is needed. Particularly because I think this is going to be the most pivotal election we’ve ever faced and knowing how important the Supreme Court has been to some of our civil and reproductive rights of late, if we lose our ability to place people See WENDY DAVIS on Page 12

Adam Beyer | The Chronicle Approximately 100 Divinity School students staged a protest outside the Chapel Wednesday following the fatal shooting of Keith Lamont Scott by a police officer in Charlotte.

Vir Patel | The Chronicle The students gathered again Thursday afternoon and marched around the West Union before ending at the Chapel for speeches and prayer.

Diversity complements ‘flipped’ curriculum at Duke-NUS Alethea Toh The Chronicle On the heels of a new funding agreement last June, the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School is continuing to explore an innovative medical curriculum.

Founded in 2005, the Duke-NUS student body is comprised of mostly Singaporeans but also includes students from China, India, Malaysia, South Korea and the United States. As Singaporeans themselves come from different ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds, managing such diversity is part of the Duke-NUS medical training.

“Having different life experiences and academic backgrounds is critical for Singapore, which has sought to diversify its physician pool and reflect the diversity in patients,” said Robert Kamei, associate provost for education at the National University of Singapore and former vice dean of education at Duke-NUS. Sandy Cook, interim vice dean of education at Duke-NUS, added that diversity gives the school an advantage moving forward. One primary focus of Duke-NUS is to better equip students with the ability to apply content knowledge in a practical setting, said Scott Compton, associate dean of medical education, research and evaluation.

This allows students “to recognize and react to cultural and language issues that may not exist in a more homogeneous environment,” he explained.

The curriculum draws from various aspects of its partner institutions. Unlike other medical schools in Singapore following the British undergraduate medical curriculum, Duke-NUS models Duke’s

Special to The Chronicle Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School in Singapore was founded in 2005 and now includes students from China, India, Malaysia, South Korea and the United States.

graduate-entry and research-oriented medical curriculum. The collaboration taps into the resources of NUS as well as funding from the government of Singapore, and graduates of the program are awarded a joint Duke and NUS degree.

After graduating from the M.D. program or the M.D.-Ph.D. program, students are required to also complete a service commitment in a Singaporean public hospital, lasting four years for Singapore citizens and five years for international students and permanent residents of Singapore.

Kamei and Cook initially spearheaded the school’s education programs and introduced its team-based learning platform, TeamLEAD. The platform incorporates the

“flipped classroom” instructional model, where students come into the classroom already prepared so that class activity is centered on group work and grappling with challenging questions.

TeamLEAD was a “radical departure” from the norm in medical education, Kamei said. The model’s success has since garnered the attention of local institutions and over 200 international delegations, including Duke’s own School of Medicine.

Faculty exchanges between Duke and Duke-NUS are frequent for both education and research, Cook noted. For example, some faculty members from both Duke and Duke-NUS have research labs in both institutions.

Patrick Casey, senior vice dean of

research at Duke-NUS, added that he ran a lab at each location when he first arrived in 2005. Since 2012, Casey said he has focused all research at Duke-NUS. “We have brought both the first-year faculty and clerkship faculty from Duke here and from Duke-NUS to Durham to meet one another, share experiences and learn from one another,” Cook said.

Duke-NUS works closely with SingHealth—Singapore’s major healthcare provider—on research, education and clinical care. The school’s proximity to SingHealth’s Singapore General Hospital, for example, provides strategic advantages and opportunities for Duke-NUS to engage with the broader Singaporean health landscape.

Since its establishment, the Duke-NUS collaboration has achieved significant academic milestones and clinical performance requirements. Kamei also said its emphasis on research is paying off.

Medical research specific to a population is important, as diseases often manifest themselves differently depending on location. In July 2015, Duke-NUS scientists discovered an antibody that can kill a type of dengue—a variation of a virus species often found in Singapore.

In April, a team of Duke-NUS scientists published a breakthrough study in understanding the structure and behavior of the Zika virus, which has hit Singapore as it has other countries.

Approximately 260 students have graduated from Duke-NUS, said Thomas Coffman, dean of Duke-NUS. Although the school is still very new, stakeholders are looking forward to seeing its graduates exert their influence on Singapore and the world.

“I am confident that they have the talent and training to transform medicine and improve patients’ lives,” Coffman said.

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CHURCH from page 1

ARIELY from page 1

Trustees’ approval of the candidates first, he said.

The shift will not change much about the University, Schoenfeld explained, noting that Duke retains its “historic relationship” with the Methodist Church.

Funding from the Divinity School will still be provided by the two conferences.

Charles Clotfelter, Z. Smith Reynolds professor of public policy studies, echoed that idea. He explained that many elite universities are moving away from their religious affiliations.

“It’s a trend that has been happening over time, and it’s most visible in the nonprofit colleges, the ones that are name-brand prestigious and nationally,” Clotfelter said.

Before it become Duke University, Trinity College and its precursor institutions were influenced by an informal, primarily-Methodist leadership, according to a history written by University Archivist Valerie Gillispie.

The College’s 1891 charter was the first to specify that 24 Trustees must come from the two church conferences.

However, Duke’s former charter did not mandate the Trustees to be affiliated with the church—just ratified by it, Gillispie wrote.

Former Duke President John Kilgo later worked in 1903 to change the process so that the Trustees all had to be recommended by a majority vote of the Board’s current members before approval by the two conferences. This practice reduced the influence of the Methodist Church on the school, Gillispie wrote in her summary.

In North Carolina, Davidson College and Wake Forest University used to be much closer to the Presbyterian and Baptist churches, respectively, Clotfelter explained. That changed during the past several decades as the colleges sought more autonomy.

Clotfelter said he did not think the University moved away from the Methodist Church for legal reasons, although other colleges have faced legal hurdles due to their religious affiliations.

For example, Davidson was the center of a 2011 lawsuit about whether the college’s use of a police force violated the First Amendment’s separation of church and state.

The lawsuit alleged that, because of Davidson’s religious affiliation, the police force was not legally permissible.

However, the North Carolina Supreme Court found that state law permitted the college to maintain a police force.

At least a quarter of Davidson’s trustees are required to be members or affiliates of the Presbyterian Church.

Although Clotfelter noted that he believes the decision fits into a society that is increasingly secular or non-denominational, he also said not to discount the continuing role of the religion on colleges.

“The fact that that these things are officially coming to an end should not make anyone blind to fact that religion will still be important,” he said.

in a net loss in productivity—with a 6.5 percent decrease at the close of experimentation—making it worse than providing no incentive at all.

The complimentary text from the boss just barely edged out the pizza voucher as the most motivating variable, Ariely said.

He pointed out that he believes the pizza variable would have finished first had he been able to use real pizza in substitution for the voucher, due to the reward of having free pizza delivered directly to employees’ doors.

“We wanted to send people real pizza straight to their homes, so that they could be viewed as heroes in the eyes of their families upon our arrival to deliver it,” Ariely said.

Ariely said that if he were to conduct this experiment again, he would have increased the size of the cash reward.

If employees were given enough additional cash, they would be more likely to interpret their bosses’ generosity as greater appreciation for their work and would be more productive in turn, he hypothesized.

The study was a product of Ariely’s mission to better

MIND-READING from page 3 events—maybe some pleasant things you’ve done over the weekend, or you might be worrying about an upcoming exam,” he said.

In the 10 seconds before subjects were asked about their emotions, their brain states were mapped and compared to the previously constructed models. LaBar noted that the models were successful at predicting what subjects were about to say.

“We were able to basically predict which emotions they were going to report just by doing this decoding of the resting state brain data,” he said.

Despite the initial success, Kragel said the project is far from complete. He noted that he wants to expand the project to detect more than just seven emotions.

The ability to read emotions in the brain also has a wide range of clinical benefits, LaBar said, including the replacement of an antiquated system of judging patients’ emotions.

“Often times in order to assess whether an intervention works for treating depression or anxiety, we simply ask the subject, ‘do you feel better?’ after the treatment, and people may not have great insights into how well they feel,” LaBar said.

He added that another useful function would be detecting the emotions of those who are unable to accurately report them, such as children or those with autism.

Although identifying emotions might not yet be mind reading, Kragel suggested the technology might be heading in that direction.

“A more conservative and very accurate description is that we’re reading brain states,” Kragel said. “It’s getting toward mind reading. That’s probably the ultimate goal of what this technology might do someday.”

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 2016 | 5

understand how to motivate people to improve themselves.

But the moment you cease to give people incentives, the improvement stops, he noted.

“Even if it works in the moment, that doesn’t mean it will work in the long term,” Ariely said. “So we have to be more creative and more thoughtful in our approach.”

Ariely noted that one approach he takes is a de-emphasis on grades in his class. He said that students’ desires to know exactly what will be on the exam, while perhaps leading to better grades, also undermines the learning process.

In order to understand exactly how administering grades affects classroom performance, it will be necessary for future studies to categorize them as either intrinsic or extrinsic motivators—or whether they are more like compliments or money—Ariely explained.

As an instructor of one of this year’s new Spring Breakthrough sessions—special classes to be held over Spring Break that will not give out grades—Ariely noted that he is excited for the change in grading processes.

“I look forward to teaching in a manner in which there is no grade and no one is thinking about rewards on the other end,” he said.

strangers drowning Grappling with Impossible Idealism, Drastic Choices, and the Overpowering Urge to Help

Larissa MacFarquhar Kenan Distinguished Lecture Monday, September 26, 5:30pm Nasher Museum of Art Auditorium

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BACKS AGAINST THE WALL Duke part Blue Devils travel to Notre Dame as 20-point underdogs of 2017 PK80 field Sam Turken The Chronicle

Just three games into the 2016 season, Duke is watching its season slip away.

But a win against one of the nation’s most storied programs Saturday could help the Blue Devils bounce back from their worst start in six years and salvage the first third of their season.

Duke will look to end a two-game losing streak and return to .500 against Notre Dame Saturday at 3:30 p.m. at Notre Dame Duke Stadium in South Bend, vs.

Ind. During double-digit Notre losses to Wake Forest Dame and Northwestern, the Blue Devils have SATURDAY, 3:30 p.m.

Notre Dame Stadium struggled to address weaknesses on offense and special teams.

As a result, head coach David Cutcliffe’s squad is facing its most uncertainty in years.

Duke is a 20-point underdog this weekend, and ESPN’s Football Power Index has the Blue Devils winning just two more games this season. One of those projected victories is against Army, which FPI gives a 48 percent chance of knocking off Duke.

“Adversity is not something that young people handle very well,” Cutcliffe said. “I know we can do that. I know this staff can do that. I’ve been in these circumstances too many times…. I’ve told our team that the treasure is when you stumble.”

Against Northwestern, seven of the Blue Devils’ final nine drives ended with a punt or turnover on downs. And during

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have 10 turnovers, and freshman kicker A.J. Reed—who Cutcliffe said will remain Duke’s starter—has missed three field goals inside 40 yards and one extra point.

“There’s two things we’re hunting— consistency and taking better care of the ball,” Cutcliffe said on the ACC’s weekly teleconference Wednesday. “If we can accomplish those two things, we have a chance of having a really good offensive football team.”

Countdown to Craziness 2016 is a month away, but now Blue Devil fans can already start looking forward to Duke’s 2017 nonconference schedule.

Duke will play in the first PK80—Phil Knight Invitational along with 15 other teams during Thanksgiving weekend 2017 in Portland, Ore., the team announced Wednesday afternoon. The event will honor Knight, the Nike co-founder, ahead of his 80th birthday and take place at the Rose Quarter’s Moda Center and Veterans Memorial Coliseum.

One of the largest regular-season competitions scheduled in college basketball history, the tournament will feature Duke, North Carolina, Michigan State, Connecticut, Arkansas, Butler, Florida, Georgetown, Gonzaga, Ohio State, Oklahoma, Oregon, Portland, Portland State, Stanford and Texas. The event will feature two eight-team brackets, with each team playing three games and two bracket champions being crowned.

“Phil Knight has been a visionary and innovator for a long time,” Duke head coach Mike Krzyzewski said in a release. “PK80 is a unique way we can honor him and the contributions he has made not just to the

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Ian Jaffe | The Chronicle The Blue Devils are projected to win three games this season and will look for a spark Saturday at Notre Dame before taking on Virginia.

a stretch in the third quarter, redshirt freshman quarterback Daniel Jones and company failed to convert a first down on four straight series.

Although Jones finished with 279 yards passing against the Wildcats, the Charlotte native looked uncomfortable in the pocket for the second striaght game, completing just two passes of at least 15 yards in the second half.

When the Blue Devils (1-2) have been able to cross midfield, turnovers and missed field goals have prevented them from scoring. In just three games, the Blue Devils

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Blue Devils play Louisville to scoreless draw yet again Winston Lindqwister The Chronicle

Chris Teufel | The Chronicle Junior Imani Dorsey and the Blue Devils fired 31 shots Thursday but were unable to score in 110 minutes against Louisville.

Missing two star offensive players, the Blue Devils entered Thursday night’s game trying to break a streak of three consecutive scoreless draws against the Cardinals.

But after 110 minutes of action, neither team could get on the scoreboard once again.

Despite outshooting Louisville by a staggering 31-9 margin, No. 6 Duke never found the back of the net in a 0-0 finish Thursday night at L’VILLE 0 Koskinen Stadium.

DUKE 0 The Blue Devils got strong efforts from freshman Ella Stevens, sophomore Taylor Racioppi and a possession-heavy attack, but were unable to put most of their shots on target against the Cardinals.

“They dropped deep on us with a lot of

people in front of the goal. They made us settle for some shots outside, [and] we were just off a little bit on that final ball,” Duke head coach Robbie Church said. “Two or three times, we almost slid the ball in.”

Although they got off to a slow start, the Blue Devils (6-2-2, 1-0-1 in ACC) showed more intensity in the second half. In the 55th minute, Stevens and junior Imani Dorsey transitioned a close shot from Louisville’s Brooklynn Rivers into a counterattack that led to a two-on-two scoring chance just outside the goalkeeper’s box. But an errant pass by Stevens sent the ball away from Dorsey and ended one of Duke’s closest attempts at an open goal.

“We were settling for a lot of shots we didn’t need to take,” Dorsey said. “We have a history of being able to finish a lot of shots from far range, but for this season that hasn’t been working so far. We’re a talented See W. SOCCER on Page 12

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FRIDAY, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER SEPTEMBER 23, 23, 2016 2016 || 77

FIELD HOCKEY

Liz Finny The Chronicle Senior forward Heather Morris and her classmates have beaten North Carolina once since they arrived in Durham in fall 2013—a memorable upset when they were freshmen.

The then-No. 13 Blue Devils stunned the then-No. 1 and undefeated Tar Heels in Chapel Hill in late September 3-2 after overcoming a 2-0 deficit and winning a 5-4 shootout.

But since that win, North Carolina has won its last five matchups against Morris and company, including a pair of NCAA tournament victories the past two seasons.

The Tar Heels’ dominance against Duke goes back for years, with the Blue Devils’ 2013 victory their only one since 2006 and only win in the teams’ last 15 meetings.

Despite Duke’s lack of success against its Tobacco Road rivals, almost exactly three years after the 2013-14 Blue Devils knocked off North Carolina, Morris says she is as confident as she has ever been entering a game against the Tar Heels—and with good reason.

No. 2 Duke will look to extend the best start in program history when it travels to Chapel Hill Sunday to take on No. 5 North Carolina at Francis E. Henry Field at 1 p.m. Although they are still No. 2 in the polls behind Syracuse, the Blue Devils are No. 1 in the year’s first RPI rankings, with five of their eight early-season wins coming against top-20 competition.

Duke is hoping that momentum carries into Sunday’s game, when the Blue Devils will try to snap their losing streak against their rivals.

“We all know that this is our year,” Morris

Graphic by Annie Yang | The Chronicle

Blue Devils to meet UNC in nonconference play

said. “We’re just really excited to get at it and kind of give it our all because this year is a very special year.”

In addition to being a top-five showdown, the contest holds more intrigue because it is a nonconference game. Duke (8-0, 2-0 in the ACC) and North Carolina were both scheduled to play Albany this weekend, but because of the controversial House Bill 2, the Great Danes pulled out of the games. The result was that the Blue Devils and Tar Heels agreed to play an extra game against each other to fill the void.

Duke and North Carolina (6-2, 1-1) will meet again Oct. 22 in Durham for their conference matchup. If the two regularseason games are anything like the teams’ Aug. 20 scrimmage–a 3-2 Tar Heel win that went down to the wire—fans could be treated to some of the most dramatic contests of the year.

“We match up well, we play well, it’s always a good game. That part of it you can kind of expect,” Blue Devil head coach Pam Bustin said. “I do have confidence that [we’ve] faced some pretty challenging moments

in every game that we’ve played. Hopefully we’ve learned from those.”

To Bustin’s point, four of her team’s five wins against ranked teams have been one-goal victories, with the team’s offensive weapons and goalkeeper Sammi Steele coming through in the clutch.

A sophomore in her first year as a starter, Steele was one of the question marks for a team replacing a three-time All-American between the pipes, but she has risen to the See FIELD HOCKEY on Page 9

MEN’S SOCCER

Confident Fjortoft, Duke eye first ACC win Friday Andrew Donohue The Chronicle The Blue Devils got back above .500 following a dramatic win Tuesday, and will now look to add their first ACC win of the year in what could be a momentum-building week.

After getting shut out in its first two conference games against ranked Pittsburgh opponents, Duke knocked off Georgia Southern 2-1 vs.

Tuesday and will look to notch another win against Duke Pittsburgh Friday at 7 p.m. at Koskinen Stadium.

FRIDAY, 7 p.m.

The Blue Devils have yet Koskinen Stadium to score in ACC play this season and are tied for 77th nationally out of 203 teams with 1.5 goals per game—an area in which they will try to continue improving against another defensive-minded team.

“Our last pass hasn’t been good,” Duke head coach John Kerr said after Tuesday’s game. “We need to really focus on that and get our touches right.”

Tuesday was the second time all season the Blue Devils (3-2-1, 0-2 in the ACC) have scored multiple goals in a game, with graduate student Ryan Thompson’s game-winning goal lifting Duke to a hard-fought win.

Thompson was not the only Blue Devil to score his first goal of the season against the

Chris Teufel | The Chronicle Markus Fjortoft started as a freshman and sophomore and is part of a much-improved Duke defense allowing 1.0 goals per game this season.

Eagles, as junior defender Markus Fjortoft notched his first of the year in the first half. The Asker, Norway, native has started every game of his career and is part of a Duke defense that has anchored the team through the first third of the season.

“Coming into my third season, I feel more set,” Fjortoft said after Tuesday’s game. “I’m a lot more confident, I feel like I’m a better player than I was last season and

the season before that.”

Led by graduate student goalkeeper Robert Moewes—who is third in the ACC with 4.5 saves per game—the Blue Devil defense has gone from one of the worst in the ACC to one of the best.

It will look to shut down the Panthers (1-51, 0-2), who like Duke have struggled to score for much of the season. Pittsburgh has scored six goals in its first seven games this year, but as

is the case for the Blue Devils, more than half of those goals came in one game, a blowout win against Saint Joseph’s.

“It’s a blessing for any player to have a goalie that can get you out of some tough spots,” Thompson said. “When there’s only a couple goals each game, a few big saves can be the difference between a loss and a tie or a tie and a win.”

Although the Panthers have struggled to score, their own stingy defense has kept them competitive in losses, including a hard-fought 1-0 loss at then-No. 1 North Carolina last week. Pittsburgh is coming off a 2-1 overtime loss to Loyola, and is hoping to come out on top in what could be a defensive battle Friday evening.

The Panthers are led by freshman midfielder Luca Mellor, who leads the team with two goals this season, and goalkeeper Mikel Outcalt. Like Moewes, Outcalt has been peppered with shots early in the season—he leads the ACC with 34 saves.

“We know that Friday night is going to be a difficult game,” Kerr said. “They have a veteran coach from the ACC, Jay Vidovich, who knows what he’s doing. They’ve added some players to their squad, so no game is going to be a walk in the park.”

After taking on three top-25 teams in a See M. SOCCER on Page 9

8 | FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 2016

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VOLLEYBALL

Tucker, Meyer spark Blue Devils in ACC opener Emily Davis The Chronicle After showing their youth early in their ACC opener, the Blue Devils stepped up in the third and fourth sets led by their veterans to notch their first three-game winning streak of the season.

Duke overcame a second-set loss to knock off Wake Forest 3-1 (25-15, 19-25, 25-19, 2521) Wednesday evening at Cameron Indoor Stadium led by its two middle blockers stars— senior captain Jordan Tucker and sophomore Leah Meyer. The duo WAKE 1 combined for 26 of DUKE 3 the Blue Devils’ 47 kills to lead the way in one of Duke’s most efficient performances of the season.

The Blue Devils had a season-high 15 blocks and tied a season high with nine aces to put away the Demon Deacons and continue the momentum they built last week to finish nonconference play.

“It was interesting just trying to explain to everybody what ACC means to us, and how it’s so much different. It’s not just another game,” Tucker said. “Everybody’s going for everybody, and we want to be on top. It was great to come out and start this way.”

Tucker had five of Duke’s services aces— freshman outside hitter Jamie Stivers had the other four—and the Blue Devils (7-4, 1-0 in the ACC) took advantage of seven Demon

Emir Belgil | The Chronicle Sophomore Leah Meyer had 12 kills Wednesday night to move the Blue Devils to 3-0 at home in the past week.

Deacon errors to dominate the first set. Wake Forest (4-8, 0-1) was unable to end its eightgame losing streak to Duke, posting a .059 hitting percentage to start the match.

However, the Demon Deacons took control of the second set, posting a matchhigh 17 kills aided by five Blue Devil errors to knot Wednesday’s contest at a set apiece with a 25-19 set win. Freshman Caroline Rassenfoss led the way for Wake Forest, posting 20 kills during the contest to give her team life on the road. Kylie Long and Katie

Moore also finished with double-digit kills for the Demon Deacons.

“In the second set, we really struggled on the block timing and just setting up right,” Tucker said. “That was something the rest of the game we were like, ‘We have got to figure this out, we have got to get this done,’ and we were able to.”

For the second straight game, Duke answered an opponent’s run by eliminating its errors. Coming off a five-set win against UNC-Wilmington, the Blue Devils erupted

in the third set, posting eight blocks to stymie Wake Forest’s offense. Three Duke players— freshman setter Cindy Marina, Meyer and Tucker—posted hitting percentages better than .400 in the frame to put the Blue Devils back on top.

Although Duke fell behind 13-9 in the fourth set, Tucker sparked a 9-0 run to set up the Blue Devil victory. The Prairie Village, Kan., native’s five aces were a career high, and she finished the contest with a .538 hitting percentage and no errors on the day.

Defensive specialists Nicole Elattrache, Sasha Karelov and Stivers also contributed to the offense by contributing at least digs apiece.

“Jordan did a great job,” Duke head coach Jolene Nagel said. “She’s really doing a nice job as a senior, a captain, taking advantage of the opportunity with her serve, and being able to play defense there. That’s really exciting to see.”

The Blue Devils will look to continue their strong play Saturday at 7 p.m. when they take on Virginia on the road in Charlottesville, Va. The Cavaliers (3-9) have struggled so far this season, but like the Demon Deacons will be hungry to end Duke’s winning streak if the Blue Devils are not consistent throughout the match.

“We just want to keep this going and be undefeated in the ACC for as long as we can. Really we just want to play hard—we want to get better. And we’re committed to that,” Tucker said. “We’re excited to travel, and excited to go down to Virginia.

We’re ready.”

WOMEN’S GOLF

Duke to open season against stacked field in Orlando Ben Leonard The Chronicle Four months removed from their second consecutive national semifinal appearance, the Blue Devils will try to begin the journey back to the NCAA championship—this time with fewer teeth.

No. 5 Duke will open the season at the Annika Intercollegiate Sunday through Tuesday at Reunion Resort in Orlando, Fla., as part of a 12-team field that includes six of the top seven teams in the nation. Although the Blue Devils will have their full lineup at the event, wisdom teeth surgeries weeks before the season for both 2016 NCAA individual champion Virginia Elena Carta and junior Lisa Maguire have complicated things for head coach Dan Brooks.

“We’ve had an interesting bunch of things going on, but we’re together,” Brooks said. “All should be good...we’re really excited.”

Carta’s surgery in late August forced the sophomore to miss time before an illness prevented her from competing at the World Amateur Team Championship. Maguire was set back a week after undergoing the operation during the first week of classes.

Despite those issues, the entire roster of six will make the trip to Florida with high expectations for the season to come.

“We’ve got a lot of talent,” Brooks said of a roster that includes the reigning National Player of the Year in Carta and the world’s No. 1 amateur in Leona Maguire. “We’re going to be trying to win tournaments and

hopefully go all the way in May. That’s how we approach each season.”

Duke brings back four of five starters from a group that was one hole away from defeating Stanford and making the match play final at the NCAA championship last season. Along with Carta, Leona Maguire was tabbed as one of Golfweek’s top-five players in the nation entering the season.

The Cavan, Ireland, native represented her country in the Olympics and the World Amateur Team Championship, shooting 6-under-par at the event in Mexico to tie for sixth individually. As a team, Ireland won a bronze medal with a third-place finish. “[It was a] fantastic performance,” Brooks said. “She does great in those types of situations on the international stage.”

Despite Maguire’s strong summer performances, her status with the the 201617 Blue Devils is up in the air, as she will enter several tournaments this fall as part of the LPGA Tour Qualifying School. If Maguire qualifies for the LPGA Tour, that would leave Brooks with just five players on the roster.

“This is a little smaller than we’d like to be. I like small teams,” Brooks said. “It allows us to develop games. We’re a developmental program….I don’t want them to think that they’ve always got to play great to prove themselves every minute. There’s some of that on any team, but if you have a lot of people, then you’re just constantly in a position of proving yourself.”

The Blue Devils have depth behind Carta and Maguire, with senior and AllACC performer Sandy Choi returning after posting a 73.2 scoring average last season.

Sanjeev Dasgupta | Chronicle File Photo Junior Leona Maguire played in several international events this summer and will kick off the 2016-17 season with Duke Sunday.

Junior Gurbani Singh also started last season and notched two top-20 finishes, and freshman Ana Belac was the top junior golfer in Slovenia before coming to Durham. Belac also competed at the World Amateur Team Championship.

That group will head to a familiar course this weekend, one at which the team finished fifth in 2014 and fourth in 2015.

“We see it a lot in recruiting,” Brooks said.

“It’s a hilly course with a lot of undulation in it, so you get a lot of uneven lies. It’s a good golf course, and we’re pretty familiar with it.

Everyone down there has played there. We feel like we know it pretty well.”

Maguire has enjoyed a fair amount of

success at the course, pacing the Blue Devils in scoring in each of the past two years and finishing in the top 10 both times, including a runner-up showing in 2014.

Although Duke once again enters the season with the pressure of being a top-five team, that pressure is something the Blue Devils and their six-time national champion head coach are familiar with.

“This team really has achieved. These players are achievers. They’ve done a lot of big things, so they’re really comfortable with that sort of pressure,” Brooks said. “I’m sure it’s there, but I think it’s something that probably fuels them more than is a distraction.”

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FOOTBALL from page 6 Duke’s offense may have opportunities to find a rhythm against a Notre Dame defense that has been exposed this year. The Fighting Irish (1-2), who surrendered more than 500 yards in each of their losses, have been unable to overcome the departure of their three top tacklers from 2015.

But if Jones and the Blue Devil offense cannot keep drives alive, defensive coordinator Jim Knowles’ unit could be in for another long day.

In each of Duke’s losses, Blue Devil defenders have fatigued in the second half.

After holding Northwestern and Wake Forest to just seven points in the first half, Duke surrendered 17 second-half points to both squads.

As was the case last year, the Blue Devil defense has been plagued by explosive plays, giving up 16.0 yards per catch. The Wildcats gashed Duke on nine plays of at least 15 yards and picked apart the Blue Devil secondary for more than 300 passing yards.

“We play good up until a certain point and we give up something—something simple, something that’s an easy fix,” redshirt senior safety DeVon Edwards said.

“Some of the [explosive plays] are just mental errors.... It’s really just being where you’re supposed to be.”

On Saturday, the defense’s task will be no easier against one of the most dynamic offenses in the country.

Led by dual-threat quarterback DeShone Kizer, Notre Dame averages 38.0 points and 429.7 yards per game. Kizer has kept opposing defenses guessing with nine passing and four rushing touchdowns, and benefits from three explosive receivers who are averaging at least 50 receiving yards per game.

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 2016 | 9

FIELD HOCKEY from page 7

Duke will also be short-handed against the Fighting Irish, with redshirt junior defensive end Dominic McDonald out with an upper-body injury. Bandit safety Deondre Singleton will also miss the first half after he was ejected for targeting in the second half against Northwestern, meaning redshirt freshman Jordan Hayes—who has six tackles this year—will start.

Sophomore defensive tackle Brandon Boyce and redshirt junior safety Phillip Carter, who were suspended for Duke’s first three games, could also give the Blue Devil defense a boost.

Duke’s meeting with Notre Dame may have personal significance for Cutcliffe.

The trip to South Bend marks his first return to Notre Dame Stadium as a coach since he became the Fighting Irish offensive coordinator in 2005. The former National Coach of the Year resigned before he could call a play after suffering a heart attack.

“I have great respect for the institution,” Cutcliffe said. “The tradition of Notre Dame football is as rich as anybody’s, as we all know.”

NCAA championship rematch Friday before taking on Duke.

The Blue Devils will not play a game on a Friday for the first time in more than a month, giving them time to prepare for their third top-10 matchup of the season.

Duke knocked off then-No. 4 Maryland 1-0 Sept. 2 and upended then-No. 6 Louisville 3-2 Sept. 16.

“I’m so confident in our team and our energy and all that,” Morris said. “We’re going to give them a really tough game. It’s always going to be close but we’re going to give it our all.”

occasion and ranks sixth nationally with a .816 save percentage.

Duke and North Carolina are two of the best offensive teams in the nation, both averaging more than three goals per game, so another strong effort from Steele could give Duke the edge.

The Tar Heels play two goalkeepers— starter Shannon Johnson and Alex Halpin—who split time almost evenly and have allowed just nine goals combined this season, though Johnson has been credited with all six wins and Halpin with both of Amrith Ramkumar contributed reporting. the teams’ losses. North Carolina fell 2-1 at then-No. 18 Boston College last week from page 7 and lost 1-0 at then-No. 10 Michigan in its season opener.

Despite their two losses this season, the Tar Heels have shut down the Blue Devils in row, the Blue Devils find themselves in a softer the teams’ last five meetings, holding Duke part of their schedule. Like Georgia Southern, to just two goals during that span.

Duke’s next four opponents sit outside the top “Their defensive game is very fast and they 25, meaning a Blue Devil team that is hoping almost play like forwards, or like an offense,” to get back to the NCAA tournament for the Morris said. “They’re very quick and very first time since 2011 could make a statement good at tackling.... Their defense is pretty before taking on ACC powers like Virginia structurally sound.”

Tech and the Tar Heels.

Morris leads the Blue Devils with eight The Blue Devils flashed their potential goals this season, but will look to set up with a 1-0 win at then-No. 9 UCLA Sept. her teammates if the Tar Heels pay too 2. They will look to take another step in much attention to her. Six other Duke the right direction by getting their second players have at least two goals this year, with straight win Friday night. freshman midfielder Margaux Paolino tied “It’s a long and a short season,” for the best mark in the nation in assists per Thompson said. “Every game is so important, we know that from the last four years where game with 1.1.

On the other end of the field, the Blue at the end of the season we’re looking back Devils will look to shut down North Carolina and counting maybe if we had done this senior Lauren Moyer and junior Gab Major. in this game, we would have gone to the The New Times for Syndication Corporation tournament.”

The forwards have York combined 10 goalsSales 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10018 and two assists andFor willInformation look to spark Tar Call:the 1-800-972-3550 Mitchell Heels, who will host No. 1Thursday, Syracuse in an 23, For Release September 22, 2016Gladstone contributed reporting.

For Release Friday, September 2016

M. SOCCER

M. BASKETBALL from page 6 game of basketball, but to all of sport.”

The Blue Devils’ 2017 nonconference schedule already includes a game against the Spartans as part of the Champions Classic.

The PK80 tournament’s field has nine of the past 13 national champions, with all 16 teams combining for 23 national titles and almost 90 Final Four appearances.

Ten of the 16 teams have won at least one national championship.

ESPN will televise the event, and released a video to promote it Tuesday.

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T H E I N D E P E N D E N T D A I LY AT D U K E U N I V E R S I T Y

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Non-novel ideas on fiction

A

s the specter of midterms looms ever closer, the last thing on many students’ minds is putting away notes, sitting down and spending some quality time with a novel. Actually, that statement can be broadened. Fiction’s low priority status for most students is not just constrained to the weeks around exam time: it’s lifelong and unchanging.

There exists an idea that because pleasure reading is neither homework nor a resume-booster, it is not worth doing. Busy students see no benefit to cracking open a non-required novel in their spare time. While admittedly time is always short, homework is always long and Netflix is always calling, students ought to take a few breaks for fiction. Fiction is beneficial, culturally significant and just as importantly, plain old fun.

The benefits of reading fiction for pleasure might be hard to see from a distance, but upon closer observation they abound. For one, reading fiction for fun gives people the obvious reward of getting to absorb information without having to analyze it, critique it or deconstruct it. After years of having to read almost exclusively for discussion groups and essays, it is easy to lose passion for reading. Incorporating a splash of

onlinecomment “In America you are innocent until proven guilty. The entire point of that [The West Wing] episode was to focus on society’s newer tendency to condemn an accused via social networks--a very dangerous move toward the old days of mob rule, a king lopping off your head without benefit of trial and lynchings.”

— “Diane Andrasik,” responding to “the west wing rewritten,” published September 21, 2016

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enjoyable fiction into a reading list can help break up the workload of heavy academic texts and might help disassociate discomfort from the act of reading. In addition to providing simple gratification for readers, literary fiction, according to research studies, can improve people’s capacity for empathy. There is a marked difference in the way information is portrayed in a textbook and in a novel. For instance, the way race is discussed in “Americanah” through rich

Editorial and layered anecdotes is different than the way it might be discussed in a peer-reviewed journal article. And the way we internalize themes like race are different when we associate them with a character. For historical proof, consider Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel, “Uncle Tom’s Cabin.” The book, by forcing readers to follow the painful and emotional journey of Uncle Tom, a strongwilled slave, undyingly faithful to his principles and friends, transformed 19th century views on slavery in the North in a way that no tome of social science ever could have. Fiction allows people

to push past biases and consider concepts they might not otherwise have exposed themselves to. With its intricacies, fiction can tell stories that nonfiction cannot.

Powerful and worthwhile as fiction might be, many students still face the legitimate problem of how to fit it into a tightly packed schedule. Finding and reading books takes time. Thankfully, the problem of finding books has been made negligible by the internet. Multiple organizations, among them NPR and The New York Times, maintain lists and rankings of books tailored for specific interests; finding a new book from the comfort of a dorm takes no more than two minutes and a smartphone. The problem of time can also be defeated. The 20 minutes before sleep are best spent away from screens. By giving up a daily block of Instagram or Netflix time, students will suddenly find themselves with space in their schedule to make reading a ritual. For the truly indefatigable midnight to midnight studiers, fiction “reading” can even be carried out by medium of audio book and headphone while on the C1.

In a world that can seem crazy and scary, reading fiction for fun offers not only an escape, but a way to grow oneself into the type of person who can fix things.

We would all do well to find time for novels.

Using what you know L

ast week I stumbled upon a fascinating interview between Ezra Klein and Atul Gawande, a prolific surgeon and healthcare writer. The two discussed the decline of ignorance and the rise of ineptitude as the primary cause of human failure. Their conversation made me reconsider the origins of failure in my own life and in the institutions around me. In the 21st century, there is no dearth of knowledge limiting human progress. For the first time, we are failing to accomplish our goals because we fail to apply the knowledge we already possess.

Consider the most ancient, primitive humans, and the state of ignorance in which they lived. They assumed their environments, the changing seasons, the unpredictable onset of disease and a host of other phenomena were all inexplicable. Ignorance was the enemy that confronted us at every turn. Our earliest discoveries—fire and flint blades for example—were

Ian Burgess

The same reality is evident in domestic American politics, where political ineptitude is rampant.

Politicians routinely defend positions that cannot be justified by facts.

At the personal level, ineptitude is usually the result of information overload. We’re bombarded with information cautioning us about what to do and what not to do to maximize our health, our prosperity and success; far more than we could ever recall all at once. The solution to this kind of ineptitude is organization.

One radically simple solution to personal ineptitude, courtesy of Dr. Gawande, is to make checklists. Establish steps and procedures for your most important tasks to prevent unnecessary mistakes and force yourself to take full advantage of the relevant knowledge available to you. If you procrastinate, make a schedule. If you want to become a better writer, record that feedback on your essay, and make sure you

FROM THE MOUNTAINTOP random products of trial and error. Gradually, however, we built a base of knowledge that informed our future experiments, and slowly but surely we refined our methods of examining the world. Because of innovations like mathematics, logical reasoning, and the scientific method, human ignorance has decreased dramatically since those early years.

We now understand the phenomena that once astounded us, from the movements of stars to the innerworkings of our cells. Moreover, each bit of knowledge we acquire begets more exploration and discovery, accelerating the pace of learning itself. Add the last thirty years’ advancements in computing into the mix, and we now gather information at a dizzying rate. According to IBM, human knowledge doubles approximately every 13 months. We are learning so quickly, in fact, that the mass of knowledge we’ve accumulated now presents itself as a new challenge. How can we put it all to use?

Ineptitude in the sense Dr. Gawande uses it is the inability to apply knowledge to a task, and it manifests itself at every level of human activity from the personal to the political. For instance, we know that we need 7-9 hours of sleep each night to lead healthy lives.

We know we that regular exercise adds years our lifespans. We certainly know that procrastinating on that problem set will be more stressful in the long-run than starting it today. We all know we should vote, but how many of us will let election day pass by without casting a ballot? At some point in our lives, we all will fail to translate knowledge into action, and usually we fail quite often.

Ineptitude even manifests in the failures of the international community. Take starvation, for example.

Today one in nine people worldwide are malnourished and 3.1 million children die from poor nutrition every year. The problem clearly isn’t that we don’t know how to produce enough food. Each year the world produces enough food to feed 1.5 times the global population.

apply it to the next one. As a student, the knowledge and resources are available to you to succeed. Your responsibility is to take advantage of them.

Unfortunately, political ineptitude is a much more difficult problem to solve, and no checklist exists to remedy it. Democracies, as they exist now, are not equipped to take advantage of the amount of knowledge available to policy makers or the pace at which new knowledge is being produced. In technical terms, the problem is called retroactive accountability.

This is the process by which politicians are evaluated each election cycle based on their performance during their terms. If the voters determine that they’ve underperformed, then they hold them “accountable” and vote them out of office. The consequence of this system is that it discourages elected officials from challenging the status quo.

Our democratic systems don’t give politicians the flexibility to apply knowledge, or to experiment. An elected official takes on considerable risk by instituting new policies or changing old, even ineffective ones.

Perhaps that new policy will require several years to show results. Perhaps it will need to be adapted or refined, or more dangerous still, it will fail outright and need to be replaced completely. We associate these outcomes, as natural as they are, with bad leadership. We think good politicians are those that do no harm, rather than those who do the most good. The end result is that politicians spend too much time worrying about reelection, and too little time taking knowledge and applying it.

In an era when information is abundant, our greatest successes will not be the discoveries we make or the new knowledge we acquire, but the systems we develop to take what we already know and put it to use—for everyone.

Ian Burgess is a Trinity sophomore. His column, “from the mountaintop,” runs on alternate Fridays.

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Why the gray tee-shirt?

O

ne of the cardinal directives of society is that everyone must abide by certain standards. We have certain expectations for cleanliness, personal grooming and behavior, and we expect others to respect our opinion whether or not they agree with it. One rule, however, seems to fly in the face of this law of conformity. If you are successful, this one reads, you can be as eccentric as you please, disregarding cultural norms.

Take a look at Mark Zuckerberg to see this rule in action. The 32-year-old CEO of Facebook receives a lot of flack

of willpower energy being drained through the action of making choices.

Each choice is an exercise in your selfdiscipline gym and it makes all future judgements more difficult.

A study published by the National Academy of Sciences in 2011 examined 1,112 judges in Israel, each of whom was making dozens of decisions every day about whether or not to grant certain prisoners parole. What the study found was intriguing. Rather than being based on the crime committed, judges’ verdicts seemed to be far more heavily influenced by the time of day.

A culture of alcohol expectation

S

everal years ago I arrived at a large Georgian revival house just off the campus of a university. A party was in full swing. Music was blaring and a crush of people spilled onto the lawn—blue and red cups ubiquitous. Unfortunately, I wasn’t there to join the party, but to serve in my capacity as an EMT. We arrived to find a young man crumpled at the bottom of a short set of stairs. His skin was clammy, and he was barely responsive. Because his fall was unwitnessed, we strapped the patient to

Jack Dolinar

Lauren Groskaufmanis

MORE PERCENT EFFICIENT

THE PICTURE OF HEALTH

for his personal style choices. For those who don’t know, Zuckerberg is infamous for wearing the same gray tee and hoodie combo on a daily basis. It’s often said that “he doesn’t even wear a suit to important meetings,” in a tone that suggests, “What’s wrong with the man?”

Facebook’s founder is, of course, aware of these remarks, and has even made humorous social media posts about his lack of wardrobe diversity.

As enticing as it is to ask “What is he doing?” (as if one of the world’s youngest billionaires has no idea what he’s up to) it would probably be more educational to ask, “Why is he doing it?” And whether Zuckerberg realizes it or not, the CEO of Facebook is making a smart decision when it comes to his daily attire. In his first public Q&A session (back in 2014), Zuckerberg addressed an audience member who asked about his unwavering commitment to the same outfit: “I really want to clear my life to make it so that I have to make as few decisions as possible about anything except how to best serve this community,” he declared.

“I feel like I’m not doing my job if I spend any of my energy on things that are silly or frivolous about my life.”

We assume that daily outfit selection falls into the latter category.

Now, what is really intriguing about his response is the fact that, without using the term, he put his finger on the pulse of an important psychological phenomenon one should understand when discussing productivity and effectiveness. This phenomenon is called decision fatigue.

Research in the field of willpower and decision making has led to the conclusion that your willpower is actually a lot like a muscle. Rather than having an endless reserve of willpower to rely on when making decisions, each successive choice actually drains energy and makes it harder to make a well-considered determination in the future. We’ve all experienced this.

That’s why it’s a lot easier to justify breaking your diet or procrastinating late at night after a long day—you’re worn out from making the “right” decision at every turn and your brain is too exhausted to do anything but make the “easy” decision. Just as going to the gym and doing exercises depletes the energy in your body, decision fatigue describes the phenomenon

Fresh in to work in the morning, 65 percent of the judges’ rulings were positive. As the day progressed, this number steadily declined to 0. After a lunch break, the number jumped back up to 65 percent before falling once more until evening.

What was going on? It turns out that the judges were falling victim to decision fatigue.

Decision fatigue doesn’t just apply to making difficult choices, either. It applies to all choices. Even if deciding between four different breakfast cereals doesn’t feel draining, the fact that you need to consciously choose is depleting your reserves. What outfit to wear, what route to take to work, what food to eat and whether or not to study are all choices that are wearing down your willpower bar until it’s next to 0 and you fall prey to the next poor decision-making opportunity that comes your way.

So what is one simple way to conserve your decision-making capacity for important choices rather than wasting it on frivolous to-do’s? Automate, automate, automate. Mark Zuckerberg does this by only wearing one outfit.

President Barack Obama does something similar—he only wears gray or blue suits.

“I’m trying to pare down decisions,” President Obama said. “I don’t want to make decisions about what I’m eating or wearing. Because I have too many other decisions to make.”

Choose your outfit the night before so that your willpower will be replenished by your night of sleep. Choose what meal you’re going to purchase or make in advance (and tell yourself to not even look at all the other options, tantalizing though they may be). Block out time in your day to go to the gym, and get over there before you let yourself rationalize why not to do it. These are just some ideas for how you can save your willpower for the important decisions in your life instead of wasting it on trivialities. On the other hand, you could just go all in and wear the same tee shirt every day.

You may not be conforming to society’s expectations of behavior, but when you’re a billionaire you can get away with things like that.

Jack Dolinar is a Trinity sophomore. His column, “more percent efficient,” runs on alternate Fridays.

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FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 2016 | 11

a rigid backboard to protect his spine. Each time the patient needed to vomit, my fellow EMT and I lifted and tilted the backboard, doing our best to direct the stream away from the patient’s airway. Under the unforgiving fluorescent lights, the back of the ambulance was filled with mixed scents of vomit, sweat, alcohol and the moans of the patient’s discomfort.

My experience working as an EMT in a college town made me seriously question the acceptance and flippancy with which society treats binge drinking on college campuses. Through my work, behavior that I had previously seen as wild, foolish and raucous took on a grim tone. Like many students, the statistics regarding the ramifications of drinking felt abstract to me; however, I gained first hand experience caring for those incapacitated or injured by the practice.

Now instead of numbers, I associated the negative outcomes of binge drinking with faces, names and stories. I strongly believe that a normalization of binge drinking on campus poses a significant health risk to students, one that is commonly trivialized by our peers and society.

By now, students are well into the throes of the fall semester. Undoubtedly, many have consumed alcohol, some have engaged in binge drinking, and some have possibly needed medical assistance as a result. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism defines binge drinking as consuming enough alcohol to bring a person’s BAC to 0.08— which typically equates to five drinks in eight hours for men, and four drinks for women. However, many college students would scoff at the moderation of this technical definition, more colloquially equating binge drinking with the practice of drinking to intentionally become significantly intoxicated. In 2014, a national survey revealed that 60 percent of college students had consumed alcohol in the past month, and of those students two of three engaged in binge drinking.

There are many reasons why students engage in binge drinking. In the 2011 CORE Alcohol and Drug Use Survey college students reported that alcohol was a tool to enhance social interactions (74.4 percent), “break the ice” (74.4 percent) or facilitate a connection with peers (61.7 percent). Stress, academic pressure, the perception of being in a safe environment and social acceptance all contribute to binge drinking.

Students normalize binge drinking by reacting with nonchalance, or humor, when recounting friends or classmates who were “blackout” or “wasted.” When we joke about dangerous, belligerent or criminal behavior that occurs while intoxicated, we trivialize the practice. This level of social

acceptability is jarring when juxtaposed to the fact that a staggering number of college students die annually from alcohol-related unintentional injuries.

Of course it’s not just students who are to blame for creating a culture tolerant of binge drinking. Movies and television shows send the message that drinking heavily in college is not only acceptable, but expected. This media portrayal influences cultural norms and expectations; youth with high exposure to drinking in movies

were more likely to drink experimentally and more likely to binge drink.

I’m not advocating for a dry campus, or even disparaging the consumption of alcohol as a general principle.

Studies suggest that moderate alcohol consumption may be beneficial for cardiovascular health, and may decrease the risk of type-2 diabetes and gallstones. Alcohol is a part of cultural and culinary life in America, and that shouldn’t change. But binge drinking must be viewed through a more critical lens that appreciates symptoms such as blacking out as a sign of serious biological dysfunction.

What does this mean from a practical perspective? Treat binge drinking and blacking out as serious medical red flags.

Don’t create social situations where people are pressured to drink more than they would like. Avoid creating situations in which consuming alcohol rapidly is modeled as a norm. Create social spaces on campus where alcohol is consumed without binging.

Years later, I am still struck by the tenuousness of the patient at the bottom of the stairs. It’s hard not to think about the alternate iterations of that night.

What if he hadn’t fallen at the party, but instead on a quiet street on the way home? What if his fall had not just left bruises—but fractures and a brain injury? But for some fortunate details, that student could have been irrevocably injured or could have died.

Meaningful change in behavior and culture regarding alcohol consumption will only occur if it is championed by the student body. A school administration may shape the environment dictating the logistics of alcohol consumption.

Nevertheless, most students are legally adults, and many are over the age of 21.

Students make the meaningful decisions about the manner in which alcohol is consumed and set the tenor regarding what behaviors are appropriate. The behaviors and traditions exhibited by returning students to new students have a major impact on binge drinking. No matter what rules an administration puts in place, students with ingenuity and perseverance will find ways to binge drink, if that is their prerogative. So long as the student body sees binge drinking as acceptable, admirable or desirable, it will persevere on campus.

It is up to students to make the changes in culture needed to protect themselves and their classmates.

Lauren Groskaufmanis is a graduate student in the school of medicine. Her column, “The Picture of Health,” runs on alternate Fridays.

12 | FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 2016

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What’s Happening at Duke Politically Engaged

Oh yeah, you are. Duke students are paving their own paths along the presidential trails, and they’re making quite the impact. It’s good timing too, because with Brodhead stepping down, Duke’s choosing a new prez soon, too. Wondering how? We’ll tell ya.

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Things are looking up again for both volleyball and men’s soccer.

Whew. And while they’ve been making comebacks, both the men’s and women’s tennis teams have been turning some heads.

Trending Ending What’s better than a BLT? A BLTAE.

6 Events You Can’t Miss (Yeah, we said 6) 1. The Political Cartoon and Satire Festival begins today, and runs through Saturday. Because everyone’s laughing about this election, right?

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on that court, we’re going to live with that for was very easy to root for the rebels. decades to come.

“The government does not know how to talk to journalists,” he said. “The TC: You were a state senator in Texas. What rebels are very friendly, so it is very easy has your experience been like as a female to get sucked into that. But it is also Democrat in the South? [important] to step back and see the WD: I’m no longer in the Senate. I had human toll of it all. “ to give up my Senate seat when I ran for Golla noted that he was hesitant about governor and lost in 2014, but it was both suggesting a solution or plan of action challenging and also an amazing privilege to resolve the conflict, explaining that to be in the Texas Senate because I knew I although the international community was a voice for people that didn’t ordinarily has the power to control these atrocities, have a voice fighting for them there. That he believed these conflicts were the felt very important to me. I miss being on product of “international meddling.” that floor with that microphone because it He added that the most popular tactic gives you a special opportunity to speak on currently being considered is the behalf of others, but the work I’m doing international takeover of Sudan, but even through Deeds Not Words is an extension of that may not work. that, and I hope that I can have more of an “To give all the power to international impact by helping young people find their players would undermine the local and voice and become advocates for things that domestic rationality of the conflict,” he they care about. said.

Golla is currently working on a book TC: You’ve mentioned police brutality and project that explores the role Indians the recent shooting in Charlotte [on social are playing in shaping modern Africa. media]. How do you think this issue impacts He has already done research in South the world today and this election?

Sudan and Mali and plans to visit 10 WD: I think we’re at a real crisis point in more countries in the next eight months, America with our criminal justice system he added. and the way that it relates to people of color.

Smith said that he thinks Golla really I’m hopeful that we are going to have new grew through his work, explaining that leadership that will help guide us through the teaching about conflict, conflict it. We certainly need to be, I think, focusing analysis and journalism only comes into on that as we think about who we are going play once students start practicing what to support in this election and whether we’re they have learned. going to have someone who is focused on “Sometimes I feel that much of the helping us heal or someone who is focused on subtler, refined, analytical approach dividing us even more. And I am terrified of doesn’t really matter as soon as people being divided even more. start practicing professionally the work as a journalist because in Golla’s writing, TC: Why did you want to stop in Red you could not necessarily trace any ‘Duke Mango? legacy,’” he said. “That says something WD: I’m starving! It’s one of those treats about the complex nexus between what you can give yourself where you don’t feel too we do here and what is left of our thinking terribly bad. once you start doing things.”

W. SOCCER from page 6 enough team to break defenses down and get in behind their back line and get crosses in. We’re rushing ourselves too much, we’re too frantic. If we just calm down and get our composure back, we should be good.”

Following Stevens’ attack, Racioppi took two deep shots at the net in a seven-minute span. One was off target and one was blocked at point-blank range by Cardinal goalkeeper Taylor Bucklin, who finished with seven saves.

Duke freshman Olivia Erlbeck had one of the team’s other good scoring chances off a free kick, but the ball went wide to the right.

Outside of the few attempts, the Blue Devil offensive attack stayed quiet.

Duke’s difficulty finding the back of the net has been a recurring issue during its start to the season. After a nine-goal explosion to start the year against Wofford, the Blue Devils have tallied only 15 goals in their last nine games. Although the offense has been aggressive in attacking downfield, Duke has been struggling to follow-up on deep shots, especially during nonconference play.

With the offense struggling, Church’s defense has picked up the slack. Louisville (62-2, 1-0-1) was largely quiet on offense, except for a shot from freshman Arianna Ferraro just inches from the goal post. The Cardinals finished the game with only one corner kick and took just five shots on goal.

“We actually emphasized defense and finally got a zero on the board, which you can see,” Church said. “Even if you don’t score, at least you come out with a tie and come out with some points. I’m just going to roll with it.”

The first half was dominated by Duke possession and not much aggression, with senior Christina Gibbons consistently weaving through the entire Cardinal

Chris Teufel | The Chronicle Taylor Racioppi took three shots in a sevenminute span at one point as the Blue Devils tried to break through Thursday.

defensive line but finding no one to connect with at the net. Although Louisville tried to push the ball to the Blue Devils’ side of the field, neither side was able to make any strong plays in the first 45 minutes, and the stalemate continued into the second half and two uneventful overtime periods.

Duke was without sophomore Kayla McCoy and 2016 Olympian and senior Rebecca Quinn for Thursday’s contest. McCoy—who was named ACC player of the week—has tallied four goals this season, but will be out for the remainder of the year with a torn Achilles.

Quinn may also be out for a period of time as she deals with a day-to-day injury.

“We would have loved Kayla to have been on the end of some of those today, shooting and finishing. But she’s not going to come back this year,” Church said. “You can’t lose a player like Kayla and not feel it, but [I] really felt that the other players that played in those positions played really well.”

The Blue Devils will look to get their offense back in rhythm when they next take the field Sunday at 4 p.m. at No. 19 Virginia Tech.