September 13, 2017

Can’t shake a habit?

More than just football?

New study discovers neuron responsible for forming habits | Page 2

Columnist Ben Feder argues that Duke shouldn’t be playing Baylor | Sports Page 11

The Chronicle T H E I N D E P E N D E N T D A I LY AT D U K E U N I V E R S I T Y

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 2017

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ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTEENTH YEAR, ISSUE 11

Students list problems with parking

Duke drops one spot in U.S. News rankings

Claire Ballentine The Chronicle

Staff Reports The Chronicle Duke dropped to ninth in the U.S. News and World Report annual college rankings after being ranked eighth for the past three years.

The new rankings placed the University of Pennsylvania one spot ahead of Duke at eighth. Other changes in the top 10 list included the Massachusetts Institute of Technology moving up from seventh into a tie for fifth place with Columbia University and Stanford University. Additionally, the California Institute of Technology moved back into tenth place after being displaced by Johns Hopkins University last year.

Michael Schoenfeld, vice president for public affairs and government relations, said the new rankings were likely due to “small changes in the See RANKINGS on Page 4

Everyone knows that Duke students despise UNC, but one thing they may hate even more? Parking on campus.

Although students may not chant for it to go to hell, interviews with undergraduates revealed that the high cost of parking passes, difficulty finding spots on campus and the inconvenience of moving their vehicles during football games have left students with negative views of Duke parking.

A post by The Chronicle on the All Duke Facebook page inquiring about undergraduates’ opinions on the current state of campus parking resulted in 69 comments, 45 of which expressed explicitly negative sentiments. The remaining comments tagged friends to alert them to the post.

“I have not met one person at Duke who is satisfied with the way they handle parking—everything from how expensive it is to the few number of spots we get,” junior Chandler Richards told The Chronicle. “I think it’s a symptom of a larger problem in that Duke cares more about making money than it does about its students.”

However, having a car ended up being worth it despite high costs for Richards

Chronicle File Photo

The cost of a Blue Zone pass is $402, a price many students think is too high. because he can visit his family close nearby and take frequent roadtrips.

Carl DePinto, director of Parking and Transportation Services, wrote in an email that parking at Duke is a costrecovery operation.

“All revenue goes directly to covering the costs associated with providing parking facilities, transportation services and ongoing maintenance,” he wrote.

Despite repeated requests, DePinto declined to talk with The Chronicle via phone, answering questions only by email.

Steep prices One of students’ main complaints this year was the cost of parking passes—$402 for an annual pass.

“That’s really expensive for parking, and I think they charge that much because they know that we’ll pay it because we have to get to campus, but it seems like extortion,” said senior Delaney Thompson, who lives off-campus.

Junior Nadia Ford also noted that the price is much too high, especially See PARKING on Page 16

DGSU criticizes tuition fees for seventh-year Ph.D. students Aaron Slutkin The Chronicle

Courtesy of Duke Photography Paula McClain, dean of the Graduate School, announced about a month ago that the University would now be providing tuition scholarships to sixth-year Ph.D. students.

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On August 21, tables were set up on Abele Quad, piled high with peanut butter treats, chocolate chip cookies and mini chocolate cakes. The Duke Graduate Students Union was holding the first of a series of bake sales called “Cookies for Continuation Fees” to help fund Ph.D. students in their seventh year and beyond.

Previously, the Graduate School had guaranteed tuition funding for Ph.D. students for their first five years. In August, Paula McClain, dean of the Graduate School, announced that new “tuition scholarships” would be offered for sixth-year Ph.D. students who do not have external or departmental funding. Although DGSU’s official statement about this recent change called it “a big win,” where Ph.D. students past their sixth year will obtain funding still remains a question.

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Much of the debate about whether or not Ph.D. students in their seventh year or later should pay fees hinges on a difference in what those fees represent.

Ph.D. students who are in their seventh year or beyond spend most of their time working on their dissertations. The $7,000 they must pay covers collaboration with faculty and school resources as they finish the papers.

But DGSU views the fee as a consequence for not finishing their dissertations sooner. “[These charges] are just an additional fee that’s slapped on top of the other things [students] have to pay” like health insurance and recreation fees, said Casey Williams, a second-year Ph.D. student and member of DGSU. However John Zhu, senior public affairs officer and communications strategist at the Graduate School, said the $7,000 charges are simply a part of the deal.

“It’s tuition, plain and simple,” Zhu

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2 | WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 2017

Study using mice shows New CompSci chair seeks how brain develops habits solution to small faculty size Nathan Luzum The Chronicle If you have that one pesky habit you just can’t break, a rare type of neuron in your brain may be the culprit.

Duke researchers in the lab of Nicole Calakos, associate professor of neurology, recently identified a fastspiking interneuron—that makes up around one percent of neurons in the brain—as a key player in habit formation. In the study published in the journal eLife, mice whose interneurons were genetically manipulated to activate or “spike” less often did not form habits

as easily as mice with normal, noninhibited interneurons.

“I think these particular findings are one piece in a puzzle that we’re otherwise building out to understand how habits are formed and their specificity,” Calakos said.

The study is the first to identify the specific type of neuron involved in habit formation, although a 2016 study showed that an area of the brain known as the striatum was an integral component in habit formation.

Graduate student Justin O’Hare, who was the lead author of the latest study, See HABITS on Page 3

Courtesy of Duke Photography Nicole Calakos (left) and Justin O’Hare (right) researched neurons in the brains of mice to determine how habits form.

Shannon Fang The Chronicle The fastest growing major at Duke recently installed a new department chair.

Pankaj Agarwal, RJR Nabisco professor of computer science, was reappointed as department chair August 15, succeeding Ronald Parr, professor of computer science. Agarwal previously served in this role from 2004 to 2010. In response to the strain increased demand for computer science classes has imposed on a small faculty, Agarwal wrote in an email about plans to enhance the department through collaborations with other departments, as well as pursuing initiatives for enhancing minorities’ involvement in computer science.

Agarwal begins his leadership during a crucial development period for the computer science department.

Computer science faculty have stressed the consequences of students’ increasing demand for computer science classes. The number of students enrolled in Computer Science 101L increased from 40 to 609 students in the space of a decade, despite a net increase of only two faculty members in the same period.

“Our classes are huge, we’ve had trouble finding rooms for our classes, so this is all new for us as we’re swelling,” said Susan Rodger, director of undergraduate studies and professor of the practice of computer science.

Bruce Donald, James B. Duke

Courtesy of Duke Photography Pankaj Agarwal, RJR Nabisco professor of computer science, previously served as department chair from 2004 to 2010.

professor of computer science, explained that the lack of faculty leads to larger class sizes and limited class variety.

The resultant student-to-faculty ratio is disadvantageous to students interested in research opportunities in the field.

That said, not all students felt the computer science department is lacking in faculty.

“I think the department is aware that there are more students and have handled it really well,” said senior Priya Sarkar, a teaching assistant for CS 101L. “If I ever had questions, the professors, even though they’re really busy, had time to answer them.”

See CHAIR on Page 3

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HABITS from page 2 said that the investigation extended the 2016 study to pinpoint the specific region or component of the striatum driving habitual actions.

“If a part of the brain is required for some type of behavior, then there can be basically two possible reasons: one is that information just sort of passively goes through that part of the brain,” he said. “So if you take that part out, the information can’t get through, and your behavior doesn’t work.”

The other possibility, O’Hare said, is that the brain and connections between neurons actually change as the information passes through the brain—a process called a “memory trace.”

To investigate which option was the case, O’Hare and the other researchers inactivated fast-spiking interneurons and observed a surprising result.

“We actually saw that when we turned off these fast-spiking interneurons, it caused this brain region to do everything the exact opposite way from [forming] habits,” he said.

The ultimate proof came when the researchers trained two groups of mice to press a lever, which would cause a sugar pellet to be dispensed. One group of mice had normal fast-spiking interneurons, whereas the other group had the activity of their interneurons decreased with a genetic tool.

O’Hare explained that the team tested habit formation by feeding the mice sugar pellets before placing them in a box with the lever. The mice that did not form a habit would ignore the lever since they had already eaten as much sugar as they wanted. The habit-driven mice, however, repeatedly pressed the

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lever even though they already had their fill of sugar.

“If the animal is habitual to pressing this lever, then it’s not really thinking about what’s going to be delivered to it,” he said. “It’s not really thinking much about the reward—it sees the lever, and it just sort of has this automated response to start pressing it.”

Other habitual actions such as a mouse reaching out or pressing something with its nose have also been related to the same brain region, suggesting that fast-spiking interneurons may control multiple habit types, O’Hare added.

He cited a recent study by Merel Kindt, professor of psychology at the University of Amsterdam, who was able to rid people of their phobias by using a simple drug. Subjects who viewed a tarantula in a glass jar after being injected with a beta-blocker—a class of drugs commonly used for anxiety disorders among other conditions—were less scared of the spider compared to other subjects.

O’Hare envisioned a similar use of a drug to target fast-spiking interneurons that control habits.

“One benefit of identifying one type of cell in the brain is that maybe you can find a noninvasive inroad to manipulating that cell type,” he explained.

Still, Calakos noted that the fast-spiking interneurons are merely one piece in the complex puzzle of habit formation.

“The fast-spiking interneurons were really an unexpected contributor to habits and memory,” she said. “But it seems as though we’re still missing some pieces of information to help us understand why we’re habitual specifically in one task but not another.”

For now, treating humans is out of the question until further studies provide

more information on the processes at play around fast-spiking interneurons.

“A future study that focuses on what you call the exact ‘plasticity mechanism’ that allows these fast-spiking interneurons to strengthen—I think that could provide a target for drugs and a potential way to help people down the road,” O’Hare said.

CHAIR from page 2 Parr wrote in an email that during his time as chair, he recognized that there was the growing surge of computer science enrollment. He tried to respond to this trend by changing how the department operated, making it more efficient. However, with little increase in resources, limited enrollment in classes was inevitable.

“Significant investment in computer science is essential for Duke to serve its

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students and maintain its position as a top university,” he wrote.

Agarwal wrote that the computer science department is authorized to hire two new faculty this year, as well as two joint faculty with the electrical and computer engineering department.

However, given its slow growth in recent years, the future of faculty size remains unclear.

Donald attributed the stagnant growth to two factors: Duke’s hiring process for quantitative science positions and limited resources due to structural issues.

In the past, most prospective faculty hires had to go through the University’s validation process, which includes a Quantitative Initiative Committee, Donald said. However, this committee is separate from the computer science department, and thus lacks experience and knowledge See CHAIR on Page 4

Courtesy of Duke Photography Bruce Donald, James B. Duke professor of computer science, praised the new computer science chair’s leadership.

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TUITION from page 1 said, noting that the fees are not punitive.

But Laura Jaramillo, a seventh-year Ph.D. student, said that paying the fees is no easy feat for the roughly 75 graduate students in their seventh year or later. Such students must often prolong their studies as they need to find other jobs to pay the fees, she said.

Williams, the second-year Ph.D. student, added that he believed Duke charges the fees as a way to incentivize student to finish their dissertations faster, but often that’s not the case.

“Continuation fees weaken promising scholars at their most financially precarious times,” Jaramillo said.

Students also argued that Duke is out of step with its peer institutions in terms of what it charges its graduate students. Joseph Longarino—a fifth-year Ph.D. student who helped organize one of the meetings to encourage Duke to change its Ph.D. tuition policy—found that at Harvard University, Princeton University, Massachusetts

Institute of Technology and Cornell University, tuition is waived if students are employed as RAs, TAs or in other similar positions.

Zhu said that certain departments at Duke have similar policies as these other universities, but that the Graduate School as a whole does not. According to the Graduate School, the median time to receive a Ph.D. degree is 6.3 years in the humanities, 5.7 years in the social sciences and five years in the physical sciences at Duke. Each average is shorter than the national median lengths for Ph.D.s in those respective subject areas.

While DGSU is pleased with the recent policy change for students in their sixth year, they are not finished with the issue.

“We’re asking the University to remove these fees for students in their seventh year and above,” Williams said.

Until then, DGSU will continue its bake sales to help pay for its members’ charges. Longarino said the approximately $600 raised from three sales are just “a small dent in the $7,000 plus dollars in tuition that they have to pay.”

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CHAIR from page 3 in the field. The department must also compete with others for quantitative science positions.

“The structure of this committee, in particular, and the quantitative initiative, in general, was a missed opportunity to build computer science at Duke,” Donald said.

Faculty applicants are currently not subjected to the committee’s approval, Agarwal wrote. Donald said he understood that future hires would not be reviewed by the committee.

Structural deficits within the University also contribute to the lack of computer science resources, Donald noted. Duke does not have a mechanism to relate the number of students in a department to that department’s funding. Therefore, though computer science is one of the most popular majors at Duke, it lags behind in funding.

Agarwal noted that he hoped to address this issue through collaborations with other departments.

“Working closely with the department of electrical and computer engineering and other units such as statistics, mathematics and [the Information Initiative at Duke] we will help Duke become a leader in computing,” Agarwal wrote.

Interdisciplinary research involving computer science is already underway. A recent research project Donald is working on involves faculty from the departments of chemistry, biochemistry and statistics.

Agarwal added that he will focus on initiatives to broaden participation of underrepresented minorities in computer science. In collaboration with the Pratt School of Engineering, he said he planned to build upon the Duke Technology Scholars program, which looks is inspire women to pursue computer science and engineering careers.

He also plans to reform the curriculum—particularly for introductory classes—to increase student diversity.

A committee to address curriculum reform was recently created as part of this revamping process.

“We are looking at our curriculum with what we currently have and what we can do better, possibly a certificate,” Rodger said.

Despite longstanding challenges for the department, its faculty express optimism about its future trajectory.

“Pankaj is an incredible leader, and I think he will do a great job steering the ship through this,” Donald said. “I think we are on a cusp of a great leap forward.”

RANKINGS from page 1 measurements that produce outsized results,” as Duke has regularly been ranked between eighth and 10th throughout the past decade.

“It’s no coincidence that the same universities have been in the top 10, in roughly the same order, for more than two decades,” he said. “The fact remains that the totality of the Duke experience places us firmly among the best universities in the country, and in the world, by many different measures, something that should be a source of pride and inspiration for all of us.”

U.S. News also published other lists looking at specific aspects of the college experience. Duke dropped in the “Best Value Schools” ranking from eighth last year to 10th this year.

The University also completely disappeared this year from the “Colleges for Veterans” category, where it placed third one year ago.

The engineering program, based at the Pratt School of Engineering, also received a worse ranking than last year, from 18th to 20th. Duke’s biomedical engineering program declined from third to fourth in the rankings.

However, Duke made improvements in some categories. Last year, Duke ranked 12th on the “Most Innovative Schools” list, but moved up to 10th this year. The University also moved up on the “Undergraduate Teaching” list, where it was 14th last year and now is 10th.

Like last year, Wake Forest University was ranked 27th and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ranked 30th in the listing. UNC was ranked fifth among public schools. Davidson College dropped from ninth to 10th place for National Liberal Arts colleges.

Despite the University’s drop in the U.S. News rankings, the most recent rankings from College Factual and the Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education placed Duke fourth and seventh among U.S. universities, respectively.

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VOLUME 19, ISSUE 10

SEPTEMBER 13, 2017

Be Patient | Se Paciente Exhibit unites art and medicine, page 7

Power Plant Gallery debuts ‘Reflections’ Work of Duke artists opens Thursday, page 8

Recess reviews the week in music New albums from Mutemath and Neil Young, page 9

R recess editors What is the sexiest font?

Will Atkinson ........................helvetica Nina Wilder .........wingdings Georgina Del Vecho.............trebuchet Dillon Fernando ............... comic sans Christy Kuesel .......................... calibri Jessica Williams ................... verdana Likhitha Butchireddygari....... papyrus

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Email inquiries to william.atkinson@duke.edu.

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6 | WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 2017

Making the leap from high school to college brings with it many opportunities: the excuse to pursue unique areas of study, the ability to work with worldrenowned faculty and the chance to meet new people from all over the world. But what can be seen as one of the biggest opportunities the transition to college presents is not entrenched in its facilities or faculty—it is the opportunity to “reinvent” oneself. At an elite private school like Duke, most people don’t come in with a horde of their high school friends and classmates who know who they are and how they act, and neither are they limited by parental constraints like curfews or expectations to behave a certain way. Going to college presents an opportunity to be who you are, free from the pressure of your previous social identity.

Popular culture, certainly, has championed this idea of reinventing oneself. Countless teen movies revolve around the plot line of a transformation—“The Princess Diaries,” “Grease,” “She’s All That” and “Clueless,” to name a few— which, even if the transformed character ends up realizing they’ve forsaken their morals in pursuit of popularity/fame/a man, still suggest that changing your appearance or other aspects about yourself can help you reach your goal. In “The Devil Wears Prada,” Anne Hathaway’s character Andy’s transformation coincides with her fitting in with her coworkers and doing better in her job. Even though she eventually decries the

fashion industry, she still keeps the sleek new haircut and stylish dress at the new job she received, in no small part due to her old boss.

Transformations aren’t just for the movies, though, and for some reason, celebrities seem to be trying to reinvent themselves at staggering rates. Miley Cyrus, perhaps the poster child of this concept, changed her look, her attitude and her sound this summer with the release of “Malibu.” Katy Perry, before becoming the most hated person on the internet, chopped off her iconic black hair and then proceeded to reveal

editor’s note everything about her life in a bizarre 24-hour live stream. Taylor Swift literally said “I’m sorry, the old Taylor can’t come to the phone right now / Why? / ‘Cause she’s dead”—not exactly subtle.

As common as it is, this type of transformation has become a cliché in today’s culture. But does it actually work? Does the fact that Taylor is now pseudo-rapping over a bass-heavy beat make me believe she’s a badass (or respect her any more as an artist)? Does the fact that Miley Cyrus is no longer obviously appropriating

black culture make it okay that she did so for several years? If I go to college, change my hair and the way I dress, am I automatically a different person than I was in high school? Or have we just been brainwashed into believing it’s possible by the movies we watch and the celebrities we follow?

The fundamental problem I have with the concept of “reinventing yourself” is that it usually becomes change from the outside in. You change your appearance; you’re now suddenly extroverted and optimistic. It just doesn’t happen that way. Just because you’re forcing an identity on yourself doesn’t mean that identity will stick. It may keep you from experiencing the personal growth that naturally comes with going to college and being exposed to new and different world views. Changing your appearance remains an important form of self-expression, but it is too often associated with a change in personality, a trait not generally affected by what you look like. College is enough of a defining experience without forcing definitions on yourself.

—Georgina Del Vecho

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Campus Arts

Art and medicine unite in Libia Posada’s ‘Be Patient | Se Paciente’ Ashley Kwon The Chronicle

A year ago, Duke’s Franklin Humanities Institute started the Health Humanities Lab as a part of efforts to promote interdisciplinary collaboration among health, arts and humanities. The works of Posada stood out as one of the perfect examples of connecting all three disciplines. “[We were] looking for possible people to come and give us more content from dimensions of art, health and medicine, to work with us,” Curator Miguel Rojas-Sotelo said. “Dr. Posada was, of course, on the top of the list.”

Rafael Osuba, founder and artistic director of the Artist Studio Project— which provides spaces for primarily Latinx artists in North Carolina to promote their skills and works— produced the exhibit. The Katz Family Foundation, managed by the Kenan Institute of Ethics, provided the grant to invite Posada as a Katz family fellow and the place to display her works.

The exhibit is notable for its title, which can be understood in two different ways. Because of the double meaning of the word “to be” in Spanish, “Se Paciente” can be interpreted both as an order—“Please be patient”—and as the state of being patient.

“To be patient means to have time, to understand, to think and to live,” Posada said.

To understand the combination of art and medicine, one of the main

themes of the exhibit, it is important to understand the conception of medical practice in Colombia. In many Latin American countries, medicine is linked more with the solution of social problems, such as poverty and displacement due to conflicts, than with business.

“One of the topics of Dr. Posada’s works is problematizing the issue of medicine as an industrial complex, in which the patient becomes the client,” Rojas-Sotelo said. “A medical doctor is also a social scientist.”

As an example, in Colombia, physicians-in-training have to work one year for free during their training to serve their communities and understand social problems.

Coming from a school where social medicine was in the center of training, Posada tries to connect the historical, political, and social concerns of both art and medicine.

“People go to hospital or [other] medical spaces to look for cure, but their bodies are talking to us about social problems, more than personal problems,” Posada said through a translator.

She said she became an artist, as well as a surgeon, because she was interested in how to define human beings, herself and the world in order to understand life. To her, human beings and their experiences are at the center of both art and medicine.

Posada’s thoughts about her gender identity have also influenced her works as an artist.

“I have a female body,” Posada said.

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Special to The Chronicle A series of drawings titled “Neurografias” is part of Libia Posada’s exhibit in Friedl.

“[But] I [primarily] think of myself as a human being.”

Although she does not consciously think of her art and practice as a surgeon from a woman’s perspective, her experiences as a woman are reflected in her works. One of the works in the exhibit shows the feet of Latin American immigrant women who had to flee from wars and conflicts in their countries in order to save their children and themselves because their men were already dead or had become

part of the conflicts. Through the work, Posada portrays the histories of families, towns and communities reflected in the women’s feet.

Many of the works in the exhibit are centered on the color white. Through materials used to cure illnesses and scars such as gauze and gesso, Posada brings the viewers’ attention to the problems that are covered by those perfect white surfaces. Her works look See PATIENT on Page 10

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Local Arts

Power Plant Gallery exhibit combines technology with nature Georgina Del Vecho The Chronicle When you read the title “Reflections Within the Transitioning Grid,” an image undoubtedly forms within your mind—of mirrored surfaces, perhaps, or of the countless “reflection” papers your seminar professors have surely assigned throughout the course of your study. For me, the title invoked a sense of curiosity. Grid as in electricity? Grid as an artistic element? As in what modern cities are built on? I would soon learn that the interpretations I dreamt up all spoke to one of the fundamental themes of the exhibit: change.

Merrill Shatzman and libi rose, the artists behind the exhibit, met at Duke three years ago, when rose was an M.F.A. student in one of Shatzman’s classes. As a joint initiative between the Center for Documentary Studies and the Master of Fine Arts and Experimental and Documentary Arts at Duke, it made sense that the Power Plant Gallery would host the exhibit.

“We’ve known each other for almost four years, and I think we really work well together—our ideas play off of each other’s,” Shatzman said. “Once we started talking about doing this, the ideas just kept growing and growing, and continue to grow. We have to stop sometimes, and say ‘no more ideas!’”

The inspiration for the exhibit began to form after rose completed

a project for Shatzman’s class in which she 3-D printed typography, making something we’re traditionally used to seeing on a screen into a tangible object.

“I work as a printmaker, and I was really interested in how to bring technology into printmaking but not have it appear as if technology is the driving force behind it,” Shatzman said. “[We wanted] to make the technology an organic part of the work, rather than like ‘Look at this technology!’” rose added.

This concept of the blending of the natural and technological worlds is at the base of the exhibit, which utilizes more traditional prints (all previously shot by Shatzman) but portrays them through a technological lens. As a result, most of the pieces in the show have been either laser-cut or laser-etched.

“That’s a driving factor of my work, that there’s a separation between the natural and the human-made,” rose said. “There’s this continuum of what we perceive as natural and what we perceive as unnatural.”

Perception, too, is a key theme throughout the work, which challenges the traditional ways we view prints by presenting them in an unexpected way.

“Almost all of [the exhibit] is drawn from the same body of imagery, but they’ve just been broken up into different methods of viewing, different methods of transmitting that image

Special to The Chronicle “Reflections Within the Transitioning Grid” opens at Power Plant Gallery Sept. 15.

back to the viewer,” rose said.

This idea also correlates to the exhibit’s subject matter, reflections.

“The narrative behind it is looking at imagery and being able to see it in a variety of different ways,” Shatzman said. “If one looks at reflected surfaces, they’re often held within a boundary. … They’ll reflect what’s around them, to some point, but at the same point they take on so many other different types of characteristics that they could be seen as a variety of things, if you let

your mind see them that way.”

These themes of change, as well as the transition of the natural and organic to the unnatural and strange, speak particularly well to the changes that Durham is currently going through.

“We can see these images in the buildings that are going up in downtown now, and think about how these buildings change how we move See POWER PLANT on Page 10

Playground

Despite flaws, ‘It’ succesfully adapts its source material Sydny Long The Chronicle In 1990, an entire generation of children was emotionally scarred

by Tim Curry’s performance in the miniseries “It.” Those too young to read Stephen King’s work or too overwhelmed by the incredible length of his 1986 novel were terrified by Curry’s portrayal of Pennywise the Dancing Clown, one of King’s most enduring and horrifying creations.

Even in present times, people still shudder at the memory of Pennywise’s grinning face on television or the cover of a video tape. The long-term impact of the miniseries has raised the question of whether a remake is entirely necessary, especially given the failure of recent remakes to recapture the terror of their originals (like the insipid 2013 reboot of “Carrie”).

However, in a world where children still go missing and sewers still bubble insidiously, “It” remains relevant and holds the potential to scare a new generation of moviegoers.

The film takes place during the summer of 1989—as opposed to 1960 in the novel and miniseries, likely to tap into the boom of ‘80s nostalgia following the success of “Stranger Things”—in the small, decrepit town of Derry, Maine. Like most towns in King’s universe, Derry is home to evils on every conceivable scale, from fathers who sexually abuse their prepubescent daughters to child-eating clowns who lurk in the sewers. Stuttering preteen Bill Denbrough (Jaeden Lieberher) lost

his younger brother Georgie to the aforementioned sewers a month ago, but remains convinced that Georgie is simply lost and recruits his equally unpopular friends—hyperactive Richie (played exceptionally well by “Stranger Things” alum Finn Wolfhard), pragmatic Stanley (Wyatt Oleff) and hypochondriac Eddie (Jack Dylan Grazer)—to help him find Georgie. Along the way, the quartet saves obese Ben (Jeremy Ray Taylor), home-schooled Mike (Chosen Jacobs) and tomboyish Beverly (Sophia Lillis, channelling Molly Ringwald) from the wrath of the local bullies, prompting the seven to unite under the banner of “The Losers’ Club.” However, they soon find themselves faced by a larger threat than switchbladewielding bullies, as a malevolent force continues to snatch local children and hunt down the group with the intention of feasting on their fear.

It is difficult to believe that this is only director Andres Muschietti’s second film. His directorial debut “Mama” was a stirring movie that was often as heartbreaking as it was terrifying. Muschietti brings this refreshing approach to “It,” which deftly blends gut-tweaking horror and coming-of-age drama without overindulging the cliches of either genre. However, Muschietti’s excellent direction is eclipsed in places by a clunky script that inflates narrative subtleties—such as Beverly’s abuse—to clownish proportions and incorporates a few too many winking pop culture references and expository monologues to be taken seriously.

Despite clocking in at a whopping

Screenshot Courtesy of Warner Bros. Pictures Based on Stephen King’s 1986 novel and the 1990 miniseries, “It” hit theaters last week.

135 minutes—Stephen King is not a man of few words—”It” maintains its momentum due to the frequency and effectiveness of its horror set-pieces.

The opening confrontation between Pennywise the Dancing Clown (a jerky, lipsing Bill Skarsgård) and little Georgie sets the stage for a series of spine-tingling appearances from Pennywise and the other forms he assumes, like a rotting leper or, in a stroke of visual genius, a deformed woman from a bizarre painting. Each shape that Pennywise takes is entirely unique and uniformly creepy, but Pennywise himself is still the star here.

When not eagerly inviting children into the sewers or leering in the background of antique photographs,

he is reaching for children with his Freddy Krueger arms and opening a maw filled with infinite rows of gnashing teeth. Those not already suffering from coulrophobia will leave the theater with a newfound fear of clowns.

However, the most impressive aspect of the movie is its young cast.

While diehard fans of the novel might be disappointed by the decision to split the story in half and first focus on the children, “It” benefits from a strong concentration on its adolescent characters. The high level of acting talent prevents the characters from relying too heavily upon their See IT on Page 10

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WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 2017 | 9

Mutemath stay true to their sound on album ‘Play Dead’

Playground

THE WEEK IN MUSIC Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Mutemath sidestep expectations of a more commercial sound on “Play Dead.”

Aaron Paskin The Chronicle You’ve got to hand it to Mutemath: they stick to their guns. The New Orleans alternative rock band has maintained a strong but niche fanbase for over 10 years, and yet they have never once made an attempt to be anything other than themselves. Even on 2015’s danceable “Vitals,” which found the group finally diving headfirst into their fascination with electronic flare, Mutemath did not abandon their signature sound. It was reminiscent of 2011’s “Mylo Xyloto,” on which Coldplay explored a more mainstream style seemingly without commercial motivation. So while “Vitals” was a triumph, it would have been reasonable to expect Mutemath to sacrifice their character and finally make a leap for the mainstream on their follow-up. Pair that with an extensive summer tour alongside the Grammy-winning Twenty One Pilots in 2016, and the group was surely headed in the commercial

direction of Coldplay’s “A Head Full Of Dreams.” Mutemath’s new album “Play Dead” defies all of these expectations, and for that alone it is a success.

The album kicks off with “Hit Parade,” the lead single and perhaps strongest track. Frontman Paul Meany has described the song as “the first song we’ve ever recorded that sounds like what Mutemath set out to sound like from the very beginning.” It’s hard to disagree: “Hit Parade,” like many of the tracks on “Play Dead,” is a soaring amalgamation of Mutemath’s first four albums. It rocks like their self-titled debut, jams like their sophomore effort “Armistice,” grooves like their third LP “Odd Soul” and implements the electronic flares mastered on “Vitals.”

And the added component of 80’s Yesesque harmonies and synths is more than welcome.

Second single “Stroll On” follows two tracks later, and it’s almost as good. Separating itself from “Vitals” as more of a rock piece, it still applies the electronics with full force. The track introduces a concept that is

repeated several times throughout the album: the last minute or so is a showcase of Mutemath playing with bleeps and bloops more effectively than ever. These outros, which also show up on “Break The Fever,” “Placed On Hold,” “Everything’s New” and “Achilles Heel,” are a brilliant discovery for Mutemath, as they allow the group to deliver the type of rock songs that made them famous while exploring their electronic obsession in a purposeful way.

“Play Dead” isn’t without its flaws.

The album is clearly strongest when it beautifully blends Mutemath’s rock and electronic sides. When it doesn’t do this, we are left with some mediocre rock songs, such as “Pixie Oaks” and “War.” Additionally, “Achilles Heel” is a confusing and ineffective experiment in which the group tries to insert a hiphop beat while changing nothing else.

Another disappointing aspect of “Play Dead” is that it feels like a collection of songs rather than a cohesive album.

Most of these songs are phenomenal on their own, but track ordering does

not seem to have been a priority.

Cohesion is something that has come to be expected of a Mutemath album following the one-long-song style of their debut and the emotional journey of “Vitals,” and it is sorely missed on “Play Dead.”

That said, Mutemath certainly know how to write an album closer.

“Marching To The End” joins the league of the group’s previous LP finales as an emotional ballad that builds to one last climax. What’s even more exciting about this track is its use of strings molded by electronics to create a unique and experimental drama.

After nine songs that fully realize their characteristic sound, this tenth track points in a new direction that one can only hope the group pursues.

Mutemath’s fifth full length could have been their launch to the commercial mainstream. The group could have been the next Coldplay or Twenty One Pilots. Instead, they made “Play Dead,” their most Mutemath album yet, and they’re all the better for it.

‘Hitchhiker’ is a fine addition to the Neil Young canon Alex Griffith The Chronicle

Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons “Hitchhiker” consists of reworked and unreleased material from Neil Young.

Neil Young is no stranger to unreleased albums, with apocryphal knowledge of would-have-been classics like “Homegrown” and “Chrome Dreams” lurking in the back of fans’ minds and scores of demos and recordings languishing in Young’s archives.

So whenever songwriter and rock icon Young deems an album recorded 40-plus years ago worthy of release, folks sit up. Such is the case with “Hitchhiker,” a collection of ten tracks recorded in one beer- and coke-fueled blitz on Aug. 11, 1976. Featuring several altogether unreleased songs and some that appeared in alternate versions in other Young albums, the album is a strong testament to Young’s songwriting prowess.

The sparse arrangements, however, of some classics pale in comparison to their dubbed or re-recorded versions and Young’s solo accompaniment is not

as compelling as his work with Crazy Horse or his rotating cadre of session and touring musicians.

The album opens with two songs that would receive release on Young’s 1979 pseudo-live album “Rust Never Sleeps.”

“Pocahontas” is largely unaltered, losing some of the overdub touch-ups and reverb found on “Rust Never Sleeps.”

“Powderfinger,” though, is stripped to the bone—the version recorded on “Hitchhiker” loses the skyward-arcing guitar solos that buoy the Crazy Horse version and sounds like a rough demo intended to sell the song to a label. Young sounds disengaged, and the song loses the raw, ramshackle intensity that Young and Crazy Horse later brought to live renditions of the song.

Other songs on the album fail to measure up to previous Young material. Played solo with harmonica piano, “The Old Country Waltz” sounds like a trite and inauthentic send-up of “Journey Through the See HITCHHIKER on Page 10

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PATIENT from page 7

IT from page 8

POWER PLANT from page 8

clean, beautiful and harmless from the outside, but under the beautiful surface are ugly social problems that have been affecting so many people.

“What makes Dr. Posada’s work very interesting and impactful is that she uses the materials you would find in trauma centers to depict different types of trauma,” Osuba said.

The types of trauma range from the scars that are left behind due to displacement to those left by domestic violence. The exhibit encourages visitors to have discussions about problems that people often choose not to talk openly about.

“Some people [are] only going to be able to see what is on the wall,” Osuba said. “Others are going to come here and are going to see what is in [immigrants’] souls and the struggles they had to go through.”

Editor’s note: Some of Dr. Posada’s quotes were translated from Spanish to English by Rojas-Sotelo and Osuba.

respective archetypes and imbues the story with a youthful sincerity that elevates the clumsy writing.

Wolfhard and Lieberher in particular shine in their roles, with Wolfhard spouting clever insults that mask a deep insecurity and Lieberher expertly stammering his way through unresolved trauma.

Even the boorish, violent bullies are thoughtfully brought to life by their actors before they start swinging at nerdy kids with switchblades and rocks.

“It” is far from a perfect movie, but after a string of disappointing Stephen King adaptations, it emerges as a rousing success. Faithful to the heart and soul of the novel, but just wise enough to skim the unnecessary fat—readers will be grateful to know that a gratuitous sex scene has been replaced with an innocent love triangle—”It” floats to the upper-echelons of adaptations due to its skilled cast, ambitious direction and an uncanny ability to send a shiver down its audience’s spines.

through space, and the ways that grids force us to move through space, and the way that the Durham grid has been disrupted so many times,” rose said.

Shatzman also hopes that the exhibit will speak specifically to Durham’s burgeoning tech community.

“There always seems to be such a good joining between technology and art, or engineering and art, or city planning and art,” Shatzman said. “You can really look at old and new in Durham and see these different types of relationships. It would be my hope that someone coming to the show…[can] get caught in something new that they’re seeing, and aware of that, rather than just ‘Oh, that’s another building!’”

Shatzman and rose’s exhibit, “Reflections Within the Transitioning Grid: Merging Structure, Form, and Design With Technology” will open Sept. 15 at the Power Plant Gallery at Duke University in the American Tobacco Campus with a Third Friday Durham Opening Reception and Artist’s Talk from 5 p.m. to 8 p.m. The exhibit will run until Nov. 22.

HOMECOMING SEPTEMBER 15 - 17, 2017

7 – 10 PM: Graduate School Annual Homecoming Celebration Nasher Museum of Art

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SEPT 15

Join Dean Paula D. McClain, the Graduate School Board of Visitors, and alumni, students, and staff from the Graduate School to toast the celebrated history of graduate education at Duke. Dean McClain will give remarks honoring the distinguished alumni receiving this year’s Few-Glasson Fellowship.

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SEPT 15

9:30 PM – 1 AM President Price’s Homecoming Dance

HITCHHIKER from page 9 Past” and “Borrowed Tune,” two classics from Young’s famed Ditch Trilogy albums. Also appearing on “Hitchhiker” is “Captain Kennedy,” which was released on 1980’s forgettable “Hawks and Doves” and makes this Young fan question why an acoustic throwaway was issued virtually unchanged on two separate records while Young epics like “Last Dance” only appear once. “Ride My Llama” also appears on “Hitchhiker,” pared down and abbreviated compared to the live version on “Rust Never Sleeps,” which incorporates some of the acoustic guitar riffs from “Captain Kennedy.”

Some songs, however, provide captivating portraits of an artist riding the last wave of his strongest, almost decade-long songwriting phase. The song “Hitchhiker” is a frank witness to the substance use that Young used to assuage his anxiety originating from constant touring and fame: “Then came paranoia / And it ran away with me / I couldn’t sign my autograph / Or appear on TV.” “Campaigner” is a searing takedown of the 1970s that echoes today, with Young laying into Richard Nixon and the role of money in the political sphere.

“Give Me Strength” is Young at his loneliest, and thus arguably his best. He pleads to some unnamed power to, predictably, give him strength, but the painstakingly pure emotion and classic Young-ian use of symbols like highway driving give the song an intimacy that supersedes any accusations of cliché.

An abbreviated version of this story appears here. For the full story, visit dukechronicle.com/section/arts-culture.

K-Ville and Wilson Gym Celebrate Homecoming at President Price’s very first dance – a Duke tradition that you won’t want to miss.

Spectacular music, food, beverages, and lighting will transform Wilson Gym and K-Ville before your eyes, topped off with performances by some of Duke’s incredible student dance groups.

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WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 2017 | 11

THE BLUE ZONE

FIVE KEY NUMBERS FOR THE WEEK IN DUKE SPORTS sports.chronicleblogs.com

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WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 2017

COLUMN

FOOTBALL

More than just football Duke should cancel its football game this weekend.

Yes, you read that right. Cancel the game that so many Blue Devil alumni have looked forward to attending for months.

It’s not a stance against homecoming or Duke’s alumni.

It’s against the Blue Devils’ opponent, Baylor.

The program that covered up sexual assault cases for years, ruined the lives of others for something they did not even do and made it okay for grown men to take control of a female’s body—all to have a good football team.

How can anyone treat the school like nothing happened?

Yes, the president, athletic director, Title IX coordinator and others have been let go by Baylor in light of events that are estimated to have occurred from 2012-16. But that does not eliminate the ideal that the program stood for— doing anything, without any regard to basic human decency, to win a few extra football games.

At last count, there were 125 reported cases of sexual assault during the fouryear span, several of which remain unresolved. Three notable cases have resulted in indictments, but one of those was ultimately overturned.

Ben Feder

See COLUMN on Page 13

WOUNDED BEARS

Baylor still searching for first win of 2017 entering Week 3 Michael Model The Chronicle Saying that Baylor has struggled through its first two games is an understatement.

The Bears were unable to beat a team in the FCS, and it is scary to imagine what will happen when they begin to face elite competition in their conference.

Baylor enters its matchup against the Blue Devils searching for an identity and all-around consistency from its players.

After beginning the season with a 48-45 loss against FCS opponent Liberty—in which the Bears defense allowed 585 total yards—Baylor was shut down offensively by a low-level FBS opponent in Texas-San Antonio Saturday, when it was held to just 274 total yards in a 17-10 defeat.

Prior to their loss to Liberty in the season-opener, the Bears had not been defeated by an FCS team since they fell to Lamar 18-17 in 1981.

Regardless of the early-season losses, Duke head coach David Cutcliffe still feels Baylor will be a threat against the Blue Devils.

“I think of the three teams we’ve played to this point, Baylor will be the fastest and most talented team we’ve played,” Cutcliffe said. “That football team is playing a lot of young people, a lot of athletic people, and they are going to come together because they’re doing every little thing right. Our people I think understand that because we’ve watched tape of them.”

The Bears’ inability to win games is not a new phenomenon following the firing of head coach Art Briles in May 2016 amid a widespread sexual assault scandal. Baylor lost its last six regular-season contests in a

Jim Liu | The Chronicle Ben Humphreys will have to pursue mobile pocket passer Zach Smith, who started Baylor’s last five games of 2016.

row a year ago, collapsing after a perfect 6-0 start to the campaign.

In order for the Bears to restore order, they will need their offense to get back on track. Baylor finished sixth in the FBS last season with 523 total offensive yards per contest, and its 34.6 points per game allowed the Bears to have some success despite sporting a dismal defensive unit that allowed 434 yards per game—good for just 83rd in the nation.

Baylor will change things up at the quarterback position ahead of this weekend’s matchup. Sophomore Zach Smith will take the reins Saturday while graduate transfer Anu Solomon undergoes

concussion protocol following a hit suffered in the loss to Texas-San Antonio. “[Smith] has got a big arm, and they’ve got a lot of people open consistently,” Cutcliffe said. “He’s a guy that is accurate, highly-touted and a pro-style type quarterback. He has good pocket movement, he’s big and he’s got great vision down field. So, he’s a type of quarterback that we’ll have to deal with quite often.”

Smith started the Bears’ final five contests last season and found success, averaging 313.5 passing yards and See SCOUTING on Page 12

WOMEN’S SOCCER

Two goals in 45 seconds fuel Blue Devil comeback Meredith Cash The Chronicle

Aaditya Jain | The Chronicle Rebecca Quinn’s first goal of 2017 was a strike from about 25 yards out that proved to be Monday’s game-winner in the final 10 minutes.

For the first time all season, the No. 11 Blue Devils found themselves playing catch-up. And for most of the second half, it looked as though Duke would suffer its first loss since falling in overtime to then-No. 6 North Carolina in Cary, N.C., more than three weeks ago.

But with just nine minutes remaining, the Blue Devils put up a pair of stunning goals in quick succession to clinch their their seventh straight win and head into conference play on a high note.

Duke dealt 1 No. 21 Utah a UTAH 2 2-1 loss Monday DUKE night at Koskinen Stadium, adding another win against a ranked opponent to their already

impressive nonconference resume.

Junior striker Kayla McCoy broke through for the Blue Devils in the 82nd minute for her third goal in two games and her fifth of the season, and redshirt senior Rebecca Quinn connected on a shot from 25 yards out just 45 seconds later to give Duke the win.

“This is really just a big-time win,” head coach Robbie Church said. “This was the first time we’ve been behind all year. The chances were there, but it was just about being able to break through.”

The Blue Devils (7-1-0) struggled to find the back of the net from the start, but not for lack of opportunity. Just two minutes into the contest, Quinn chipped the ball over the Utes’ back line for McCoy, who blasted a shot just over the crossbar. Junior Taylor Racioppi put

See W. SOCCER on Page 12

12 | WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 2017

W. SOCCER from page 11 a ball on goal from inside the box six minutes later, but Utah goalkeeper Carly Nelson managed to block the shot.

Duke had a number of promising combinations up the field throughout the half, but struggled to get strong looks in the attacking third. The Blue Devils would go on to post three more shots and a corner kick before the Utes sent anything toward senior netminder EJ Proctor.

“We had so many chances, but we just couldn’t put it in,” Quinn said. “To be quite frank, I think the whole game, [the offense] was building. Our build-up game was great the entire game. It was just a matter of time.”

It was more of the same for Duke at the start of the second half. Senior captain Imani Dorsey had a shot on goal two minutes in, and Quinn followed it up with a promising corner kick. But Utah (4-2-1) quickly brought the ball into its own offensive third from there, catching the Blue Devil defense on its heels and slicing into the 18-yard box.

Ute sophomore Holly Daugirda threaded the needle to find junior Paola Van der Veen, who sent the ball into the left side of the net and past a diving Proctor on one touch from the center of the box.

“When they scored, it was disappointing because we had just had a point-blank shot

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on our end,” Church said. “We started to wonder if this could be one of those [games] where you’re the better team and you’re dominating, but you just don’t get the win. But we stayed with it.”

Duke upped its offensive tempo from there, ripping two shots and a corner kick in the six minutes after Utah’s goal.

Dorsey had an open-net opportunity in the 65th minute, but took one too many touches and allowed the Utes’ defense to catch up and make a tackle just in front of the goal.

The Blue Devils finally connected with 8:49 left on the clock. Freshman defender Taylor Mitchell sent a cross sailing into the box, and McCoy headed it past Nelson and into the left-side netting to put Duke on the board.

Although the Lincolnwood, Ill., native scored the Blue Devils’ third and fourth goals against No. 3 West Virginia in their 4-0 rout Friday night, Monday’s goal was her most important of the season thus far.

“The chances were there, but we just were not able to break through until Kayla’s score,” Church said. “She’s a goal scorer, and that’s why she’s in there.

She’s going to score those goals.”

With the score drawn at one, Duke looked reenergized and eager to push the offense for the remainder of the game. Before Utah could even find its footing, the Blue Devils were back on the attack and streaking up the field.

Quinn received a quick pass on the left flank, then turned and weaved through the Utes’ defense into the center of the field. The Toronto native launched a rocket from 25 yards out that bent past Nelson and into the back of the net.

“I had been feeding it to the forwards a bunch and then I thought I might as well have a go,” Quinn said. “You don’t get many of those at holding mid, so I figured I might as well take one and see if I could catch the goalie sleeping. Every once in a while I pull that out of my pocket.”

Aaditya Jain | The Chronicle After a barrage of missed opportunities, Kayla McCoy finally broke through with the equalizer for the Blue Devils off an assist from Taylor Mitchell.

SCOUTING from page 11

Jim Liu | The Chronicle Running back Shaun Wilson could be in for a big game Saturday against a Baylor defense that allowed more than 400 total yards per game last season.

With conference play beginning this weekend, Duke will need to carry this momentum through the week and into its Sunday matchup with Virginia Tech.

The Blue Devils recognize the strength of their nonconference resume and are looking to extend that success into their ACC schedule.

“We have an outstanding resume, but we know the ACC is a different animal, and that’s starting on Sunday,” Church said. “We’ll be ready. It’s really important that you start well in the ACC.”

completing more than 62 percent of his attempts. One cause for concern, however, is Smith’s seven interceptions during that span. Baylor’s inability to maintain control of the ball was likely a cause of the Bears’ 1-4 record in Smith’s starts.

The importance of taking control of the ball is magnified when a defense is unable to rise to the occasion and get stops to make up for offensive mistakes.

The Bears’ dismal defensive unit lost five of its top six tacklers from last year—the only returner is senior Taylor Young, who has 13 tackles through two games—and will continue to give a large share of its minutes to freshmen trying to find their footing at the collegiate level.

This matchup against Duke will test young Baylor cornerbacks Harrison Hand and Blake Lynch. The two defensive backs have combined to start just three career games for the Bears

and will face much steeper competition against a Blue Devil team that has gained 293 yards per contest through the air this season. Yet, which Duke receivers get targeted the most will be determined by the ability of these inexperienced cornerbacks to compete.

“You look at any coverage that you might see, and someone should have an opportunity to be open,” Cutcliffe said.

“Depending on the coverage they’re playing, there are different primaries. A lot of people say there’s a primary here, here, here and here regardless of coverage. Ours doesn’t. We’ve always taught concepts, and if you learn concepts, you know where to go with the ball.”

Baylor played 15 freshmen in its first two contests, a total that ranks fifth in the nation. The Blue Devils will look to use the experience of its offensive unit in order to get by Baylor Saturday and advance to 3-0 for just the second time since 1994.

Mitchell Gladstone contributed reporting.

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COLUMN from page 11 Still, even when looking at what has already been decided in court, the Bears have not yet been sanctioned by the NCAA. Last summer, they fired head coach Art Briles, who used to be revered for resurrecting the program, but Briles still got consideration to land on his feet as a coach in the Canadian Football League earlier this summer.

To compound matters, the two most recent lawsuits claim frightening larger-scale sexual assaults—including a gang rape of a former female athlete as part of a “brotherhood” event. If true, Baylor may be playing some criminals, despite new head coach Matt Rhule’s

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 2017 | 13

attempt to erase and move past recent history.

“Matt Rhule is one of the better young coaches in the game,” Duke head coach David Cutcliffe said at his weekly press conference Tuesday. “I’m going to worry more about Duke now than I am Baylor. They’ve got things under control, so let’s make sure we’re doing things right.”

It varied little from his stock pregame press conference speech, but it is not necessarily Cutcliffe’s job to take action. He still has the responsibility of properly preparing the Blue Devils for the game.

Try to picture what it was like for former student Jasmin Hernandez, who was allegedly raped twice outside of the same party by a member of the football team five years ago.

Hernandez, the first student to come forward about the

issue, faced immense pressure before eventually settling her civil suit against the school in August.

In Hernandez’s situation, Baylor committed a violation of the well-known “Dear Colleague” letter outlining Title IX cases, which focused on how universities are expected to deal with sexual assault. Although Baylor champions its values as a major Baptist knowledge center, it had virtually none of the protections mandated by law in place for sexual assault victims.

Welcoming the same squad with open arms into the usually celebrated homecoming matchup undermines the values of any proud university and its duty to protect students. Although the NCAA has not finished its investigation of the rape culture fostered at Baylor, I have seen enough to believe that this program deserves the equivalent of the death penalty.

Baylor’s situation is far worse than those of the teams that have received the “death penalty”—a mandate to temporarily shut down a program. It was used most notably against SMU’s football team in the mid-1980s for paying cash to players.

As a member institution of the NCAA, Duke should take the first step here even before the collegiate governing body steps in. The Bears deserve to be left completely alone, having to build the program from the bottom up, because sexual assault has no place on the football field.

Even for those who believe the football game will bring positive exposure for Duke on the national stage, that really isn’t true anymore. Baylor might be one of the worst Power-5 teams after losses to FCS opponent Liberty and Texas-San Antonio. The Bears are bottom feeders in the FBS and karma seems to finally be fighting back.

By allowing a program that has supported criminals into Wallace Wade Stadium, Duke is showing how it just wants to focus on the football game at hand. But the matchup is far more than any one game, and it is impossible to ignore the further-reaching implications about the treatment of human beings.

The clockSales is ticking.

The New York Times Syndication Corporation

620Commons Eighth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10018 Courtesy of Wikimedia For Information Call: 1-800-972-3550 Mitchell Gladstone12, contributed Baylor’s football team has been the subject of a widespread sexual assault investigation involving players fromFor 2012-16.

ForRelease ReleaseWednesday, Tuesday, September September 13,2017 2017 reporting.

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Online subscriptions: Today’s puzzle and more than 7,000 past puzzles, nytimes.com/crosswords ($39.95 a year).

Read about and comment on each puzzle: nytimes.com/wordplay.

T H E I N D E P E N D E N T D A I LY AT D U K E U N I V E R S I T Y

The Chronicle

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Join the editorial board

f you think that journalism is going to the dogs, the newspaper is dying and opinion writing is moldering in the Trump era, there exists an obvious solution.

Turn the tides and add your voice to the discussion; join the Chronicle’s independent Editorial Board!

You might believe that your voice is unwanted—that as a social conservative, a democratic socialist or a down-the-middle centrist, there is no place for you on an ostensibly stodgy, institutionalized Editorial Board. If so, you are happily mistaken. This Editorial Board—like all good ones—is not bound by stale ideological homeostasis. At its best, it works by taking a potluck array of ideologically diverse people and opinions and swirling them together in debate until something magical happens—the social conservative and the democratic socialist find a point of agreement; a consensus opinion is formed, a solution is drafted and the structure of an editorial is formed.

The process is not always easy, nor should it be. The board regularly takes up weighty issues, controversial policies and important people. This oftentimes that means criticizing

onlinecomment “Try to picture yourself in a situation where you have spent your entire life in a country, planning to become a doctor, or a teacher, possibly even believing you are a US citizen, only to discover one day that you might be deported to a country you have never known and whose language you might not even speak.”

—Dw Duke, on Editorial Board’s Sept. 7 column “DACA beyond the numbers”

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Letters should not exceed 325 words; contact the editorial department for information regarding guest columns.

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Direct submissions to: E-mail: chronicleletters@duke.edu Editorial Page Department The Chronicle Box 90858, Durham, NC 27708 Phone: (919) 684-2663 Fax: (919) 684-4696

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LIKHITHA BUTCHIREDDYGARI, Editor HANK TUCKER, Sports Editor KENRICK CAI, News Editor SAM TURKEN, Managing Editor VIR PATEL, Senior Editor ADAM BEYER, Digital Strategy Team Director IAN JAFFE, Photography Editor JACKSON PRINCE, Editorial Page Editor ALAN KO, Editorial Board Chair SYDNEY ROBERTS, Editorial Board Chair CHRISSY BECK, General Manager ISABELLE DOAN, University News Department Head JOYCE ER, University News Department Head BRE BRADHAM, Local & National News Head NATHAN LUZUM, Health & Science News Head SHAGUN VASHISTH, Health & Science News Head JIM LIU, News Photography Editor WILL ATKINSON, Recess Editor NINA WILDER, Recess Managing Editor SUJAL MANOHAR, Recess Photography Editor SANJEEV DASGUPTA, Sports Photography Editor MITCHELL GLADSTONE, Sports Managing Editor LEAH ABRAMS, Editorial Page Managing Editor CARLY STERN, Editorial Page Managing Editor NEAL VAIDYA, Audio Editor JAMIE COHEN, Social Media Editor JEREMY CHEN, Graphic Design Editor CLAIRE BALLENTINE, Towerview Editor JUAN BERMUDEZ, Online Photography Editor NEELESH MOORTHY, Towerview Editor NEELESH MOORTHY, Investigations Editor ABIGAIL XIE, Investigations Editor CAROLYN CHANG, Towerview Photography Editor CAROLINE BROCKETT, Recruitment Chair CLAIRE BALLENTINE, Recruitment Chair SHAGUN VASHISTH, Recruitment Chair SARAH KERMAN, Senior News Reporter KAT BERKO, Senior News Reporter SAMANTHA NEAL, Senior News Reporter LEXI KADIS, Senior News Reporter MEGAN HAVEN, Advertising Director JULIE MOORE, Creative Director The Chronicle is published by the Duke Student Publishing Company, Inc., a non-profit corporation independent of Duke University. The opinions expressed in this newspaper are not necessarily those of Duke University, its students, faculty, staff, administration or trustees. Unsigned editorials represent the majority view of the editorial board. Columns, letters and cartoons represent the views of the authors.

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and interrogating established institutions at Duke like the administration leadership or Greek organizations. When criticism is in the air, the loud process of editorial formation can sometimes be less than mellifluous. But we strongly believe that through discussion, even semi-heated discussion, we can arrive at solutions and opinions better than those we could arrive at with only a single person’s input and thoughts. Discussion and unified debate allow us to contribute something special to the student body and Duke community: a refined voice that adds

Editorial Board value to discourse and prompts people and organizations to pay attention to key issues.

In that way, joining and writing for the Editorial Board fulfills a civic and community duty—active engagement in discourse. A duty that can be fulfilled by marching in protests as well as contributing to necessary dialogue around contemporary issues by helping to write daily editorials read by thousands of students, faculty and staff. As a voice on

the board, you will help form a broadcasted opinion that speaks out against injustice and praises progress. If you feel strongly that Greek organizations ought to advance efforts to combat sexual assault, believe aspersions should be cast upon putative Holy Grails on campus (including unpaid internship opportunities and the beloved Duke study abroad program) or even stand staunchly against all of our opinions, join us. Debate with us. Write with us. Use your passion to add to our voice and shape our editorials.

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As our university, our state and our country rapidly hurtle through change and evolution, we on the Editorial Board seek to understand those changes and write opinions we believe will help others to understand and judge them too. We encourage you to join us and prove that yes—in 2017, journalism is still a powerful force. Email Sydney Roberts at srr30@duke.edu as soon as possible to receive an application.

A risible tax system that demands reform

A

lbert Einstein, a man who understood many things, once said that “the hardest thing to understand in the world is the income tax.”

Given Einstein’s status as a pioneer of revolutionary scientific advancements such as his theory of relativity, it is quite remarkable that a seemingly simple tax confused him to such an extent.

In its current state, the American tax system seems to confirm Einstein’s words: it is inefficient, impossible to understand, saturated with loopholes and detrimental to innovation, among other shortcomings. This piece certainly does not have all the answers to cure the American tax system once and for all. Instead, it seeks to point out some of the current system’s more notable flaws, related to both corporations and individuals, that demand reform—regardless of one’s political affiliation.

For example, corporate inversions—where a company incorporates itself overseas in pursuit of lower taxes or less stringent regulations—have become increasingly common in the United States. Burger

Ian Buchanan LET FREEDOM RING King’s purchase of Canadian chain Tim Horton’s in 2014 allowed it to re-incorporate north of the border for tax purposes, a maneuver that saved the company as much as $1.2 billion over three years.

Criticism of the prevalence of corporate inversions in the United States resonates on both sides of the aisle.

According to Congress’s Joint Committee on Taxation, current corporate inversion practices will cost the United States around $40 billion in tax revenue over the next decade, and Presidents Obama and Trump have both criticized companies that attempt to avoid paying U.S. taxes in this manner.

The current legality of corporate inversions is reflected in the tax code of the United States, which contains more than four million words. The obscene length of the tax code stems, in large part, from America’s system of rebates and deductions, which attempt to attract businesses to a nation with the highest nominal corporate tax rate in the world. This system is so extensive that some companies, including behemoths such as General Electric and Facebook, are sometimes able to pay no taxes at all. Even so, the fact that some businesses nevertheless attempt to invert and leave the U.S. for tax purposes suggests that the current system is still not competitive for many businesses.

Congress could attempt to close the individual loopholes that permit the practice, but a more appealing and enduring solution would be to craft

a simplified, reformed tax system that encourages corporate investment in the United States, rather than sending companies fleeing from the country.

As for the individual income tax, both Democrats and Republicans ought to set aside partisan debates on the appropriate levels of taxation for different income groups and condemn the sheer complexity of the tax system levied on individuals. In total, Americans spend 6 billion hours per year filing their taxes, which—even excluding those who do not pay taxes—averages out to 18 hours per citizen. I cannot imagine that there are many Americans who look forward to this annual obligation. For this reason, there must be room for common ground when it comes to reducing the time Americans spend preparing their tax returns, which is excessive by any reasonable measure.

This complexity led to the creation of an industry of tax preparers to guide Americans through the arcane process, which some might see as a job-creating boon.

Every year, 90 percent of Americans seek some form of professional assistance; this industry employs more than 70,000 people, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. However, just as it is erroneous to smash windows so that someone can be paid to fix them, as in Bastiat’s broken window fallacy, it is also wrong to create an excessively complex tax system just so people will seek professional help to manage it.

All of this is not to say that passing a tax reform package will be easy. To the contrary, it will almost certainly be quite difficult. The last time that tax reform passed in Congress was the Tax Reform Act of 1986, when President Reagan built a bipartisan consensus in Congress with a Republican Senate and a Democratic House of Representatives. Since then, the issue has eluded Presidents and Congresses from both parties.

Republicans and Democrats will obviously differ on the specifics of what a reformed tax system should look like, particularly on the balance between tax rates and tax revenue. However, neither side can sincerely argue that the current system is adequate for the dynamic economy it seeks to govern. Perhaps asking for a bipartisan solution on anything is too wishful in today’s political environment, but on tax reform, the current situation is simply untenable on nearly all fronts.

Over the course of the fall, the Trump Administration is expected to move forward on crafting a reformed tax plan of some sort. May we all hope they present a plan that provides increased transparency and works better for the families and businesses of this country.

Ian Buchanan is a Trinity sophomore. His column, “let freedom ring,” runs on alternate Wednesdays.

The Chronicle

dukechronicle.com commentary

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 2017 | 15

Learning from Nixon’s failings Harvey: A reminder that resources matter

P

resident Price recently announced the formation of a commission to review controversial monuments and names of facilities on campus, and recommend appropriate steps for those figures who might be deemed unsuitable of honor in modern times. Price appointed 16 members, citing the need for “every member of the Duke community” to have “a voice in this vitally important conversation,” as well as a “diversity of views about the best way forward.” These members are supposed to determine an approach to fostering an inclusive environment, as Price recognizes that some individuals honored

by Duke espoused views that we would condemn today.

These issues are not new to Duke. If the commission hopes to both acknowledge that some honorees may be flawed and preserve their legacy, its members should consider lessons from the debates that took place on campus about how to recognize Duke’s most historically famous alum, President Richard Nixon. Nixon graduated from the law school in 1937, and the manner in which the university addressed

Max Labaton COLUMNIST

his legacy in three particular instances offers crucial guidance for the new commission.

The most contentious proposal involved a plan to build a Nixon Library on campus.

In 1981, seven years after he had resigned from the presidency in disgrace, Nixon began to consider locations for his library.

Duke’s president at the time, Terry Sanford, promoted a plan to construct a library that would house historically significant Nixon papers, but many professors feared association with such a polarizing and dishonorable political figure.

They worried that the presence of a library would effectively serve as a shrine rather than as a historical archive. These concerns, combined with justifiable anger toward Nixon for his red-baiting in the 1950’s as well as his dishonest policies that expanded the Vietnam War, ultimately sunk Sanford’s bid to build the library. Instead, it was constructed in Yorba Linda, California.

Equally insightful is the fate of a portrait of Nixon. Given to the law school in 1969, it disappeared and was found years later in the law school’s moot courtroom. School administrators, fearful of vandalism, hid the portrait. In the 1990s, the law school agreed to transfer the portrait Congress, where it hung in a conference room of the House of Representatives. When the law school made plans to renovate the Goodson Library in 2008, administrators included a space for the portrait, where it has hung for the last five years.

In 2010, a few years before the portrait returned to campus, about 50 law students, professors and administrators wrote and performed, “Tricky Dick,” a cabaret that lampoons Nixon running for student body president. The play has since become an annual tradition. “It’s not a celebration of Nixon’s character flaws,” said Justin Becker, Law’12, who co-directed the play and starred as Nixon in 2011. “It’s moreso a celebration of the acceptance of the fact that there was this individual in our past, whether we like it or not…You can’t pick and choose, but you should always have a full conversation about the individuals who are a part of your history, and that’s what we did.”

What can our community learn from considerations about how to remember Nixon?

Fundamentally, it is important to

determine how we should recognize historic figures who are recognized for both achievements and blemishes. This task is difficult when we evaluate historical contributions and morality based on 21st-century social outlooks. Objections to Lee monuments are understandable, given that he rebelled against his country to preserve slavery— and perhaps even more importantly—that many of these monuments were intended to intimidate African-Americans and signify resistance to civil rights.

Yet, while Lee and Nixon did terrible things and may represent easy cases of this dilemma, is it always appropriate to judge the beliefs of those who served our country according to contemporary attitudes? Do Nixon’s red baiting and resignation in disgrace outweigh his political achievements, including his historic reopening of relations with China and the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency? Other universities—such as Princeton, which houses the Woodrow Wilson School—have debated how to grapple with the complex legacy of a president with school ties. Wilson’s segregation of the federal government and his endorsement of the racist film “Birth of a Nation” are deplorable.

Yet is it wrong to celebrate some of his signature accomplishments, such as his establishment of the Federal Reserve, his leadership during World War I, and his promotion of a rules-based international governance system that became an intellectual foundation for the creation of the United Nations?

MIT historian Craig Steven Wilder’s critically acclaimed work, “Ebony and Ivy: Race, Slavery and the Troubled History of America’s Universities,” chronicles how the founding of many of the nation’s earliest, most prestigious colleges and universities was closely intertwined with human bondage. The Brown family, who founded that great school in Rhode Island, were slave traders—as was Elihu Yale. A simplistic approach might suggest that these schools should be renamed, even though these figures contributed significantly toward education in a new America.

When considering whether to remove or construct a monument, it is important to candidly assess the figure’s accomplishments as well as shortcomings. Faculty members rightly worried that the Nixon Library would be a monument of honor more than an archive for historical research, a concern we should think about as we consider who to honor. Price’s task force must maintain this same commitment to constructive dialogue and understanding, rather than glorification or vilification, as it undertakes this work.

Understanding what the Confederacy fought for and remaining aware of the period in which Confederate monuments were erected are important when the commission considers the fate of Lee statues.

Such context will also be vital for decisions about naming a building or constructing a monument.

There is no simple blueprint that members of the commission, or we as members of the Duke community, can follow to determine whether a statue or portrait should remain on our campus.

Only through a commitment to nuance and historical truth, and an understanding of historian Jon Meacham’s words (“It is ahistoric to judge figures from the past by our own moral standards) can the Price commission satisfy competing demands for both inclusivity and historical preservation.

Max Labaton is a Trinity sophomore.

Editor’s note: this column was originally published on Tuesday, September 12.

A

s another hurricane is likely narrowly missing Durham right now, I’d like to take one last breath to discuss the hurricane that I escaped back in my hometown a few weeks ago. After Hurricane Harvey brought a year’s worth of rainfall to Houston in but a few days, there’s a significant amount of infrastructure that needs to be repaired or replaced ($40 billion worth, by some estimates).

But of all the infrastructure that is being fixed, one particularly noteworthy aspect is public education. Schools were supposed to start in Houston the week the storm hit for 215,000 students.

Now, start dates have been pushed back by two weeks or more (for my former high school, three weeks).

More incredible than the quick turnaround time are the longerlasting changes benefiting the

Amy Fan

FANGIRLING

students for the rest of school year. An NPR piece notes that the superintendent has been designing more “community schools,” or rather, “public schools with a particular mission to identify student and family needs for housing, health care, jobs, food and mental health, and to address those needs through partnerships with community-based nonprofits, government agencies and businesses.”

Additionally, every student is eligible for free breakfast and lunch for the rest of the year—in a city where the school district is already the biggest food distributor.

People recognize that learning can’t happen on an empty stomach, especially in a district where 75% of the population is classified as economically disadvantaged.

This change strikes close to home as I remember collecting stories from a wide range of my peers in high school, from a broad variety of schools and backgrounds.

I repeatedly heard lines such as, “I don’t feel comfortable talking to any adult at this school. My teachers give me grades, so that’s awkward.

My counselor has hundreds of students, and I only bother them when I have issues with my schedule, so that’s weird. Aside from that, there’s no social worker, and no other adult to go to.” These comments were accompanied by narratives of circumstances outside the classroom that made learning difficult.

NPR notes that after Hurricane Katrina, many public schools formerly run by the district were replaced with charter schools, many of which brought in outside teachers. They enforced a “no excuses model” of harsh discipline, failing to grasp that this approach can accentuate the negative effects of trauma on students.

This is neither a political statement for or against charters, nor one against any type of school

in general, as the circumstances in New Orleans and Houston are very different. But it is interesting to compare different approaches to dealing with a traumatic situation—to note whether a place maintains the existing but damaged infrastructure (the same schools, same teachers, and relies upon the same community to address the problem), or whether everything gets replaced by new, external infrastructure.

Houston’s newly available resources and opportunities are framed as innovative and regarded as valuable, yet the presence of similar initiatives are the status quo at Duke. It is routinely and widely publicized at Duke that services are available to those who need them.

In reference to Hurricane Harvey, which hit hundreds of miles away from Duke’s campus, L-Mo’s first email of the year noted that CAPS was available for counseling for those who needed support. His most recent email included a link to the ways that one can help in the context of Harvey.

But recognizing these nonacademic needs as a priority in Houston—and many other large, urban, public school districts— where money and standardized test scores are always a concern, especially in this political environment, gives me hope that education can be recognized as a priority not above emotional and social well-being, but alongside it.

Even if there is a stigma that shouldn’t exist around using these mental and emotional resources at Duke, the fact that they exist in the first place is a luxury in comparison to other places. If Duke decided to get rid of CAPS all of a sudden, there would be tremendous backlash from students, especially given the other amenities our tuition covers (like Duke’s grass).

I recognize that resources are much more accessible to Duke than Houston, while also acknowledging that both communities are both fantastic, loving, places that I call home.

My memories of the last hurricane that hit Houston (Hurricane Ike, in 5th grade) mostly revolve around the quiet week without electricity after the hurricane tore through the city. Without air conditioning in a muggy September, I remember my family inviting neighbors to eat food that would otherwise spoil in our fridge, playing Monopoly and talking late into the night by the light of a gas lamp. I remember going to friends’ houses whose electricity was restored, cheering on friends as they got their power back, and spending significant time at the pool and the public library.

And for a couple of moments, my community and my neighborhood felt just a bit stronger.

Amy Fan is a Trinity sophomore. Her column, “fangirling,” runs on alternate Wednesdays.

16 | WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 2017

PARKING from page 1 when some students need to bring a car to campus—for driving to off-campus jobs or visiting family nearby—and have no choice but to pay the price set by Duke parking.

The price for an undergraduate parking pass this year surprised Emmalee Mariner, who returned from a leave of absence and remembered prices being much lower when she last bought one in 2014.

“Seeing how much prices had increased was a bit of a shock,” she said.

“It just feels absurd.”

DePinto noted that the parking rate increased $12 from last year and that during the previous four years, it increased by about $30 a year.

When asked to respond to students’ complaints about the cost of the passes, DePinto wrote that Duke’s parking rates are similar to those at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University.

“Many of our peer institutions have restricted first-year students from even bringing cars to campus,” he wrote.

“Despite increasing demands for space, Duke has managed to continue to provide parking for first-year students.”

At North Carolina State University, resident permits that are sold on a 1-to-1 permit to space basis are $370 each year, explained Catherine Reeve, director of transportation for NCSU. However, unlike Duke, the school offers cheaper options as well. To park in residential areas further away from the heart of campus, the price is $275 a year.

NCSU has upped their permit prices in recent years, but their biggest jump was an $18 increase from the 2015-16 year to the 2016-17 year.

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill also offers a range of parking permits to best suit student needs. For $444, students can buy a pass for a gated lot that they access using their student IDs, guaranteeing that their spot will be available, explained Randy Young, media relations manager for UNC. For a non-gated surface lot space, near roadways like Franklin Street, the cost is $338. Students can also buy a space in a peripheral lot about 1.5 miles north of campus for $255. That option is designed for students who want to keep a car in the area but will not necessarily use it every day.

Young explained that prices have risen one to two percent occasionally in the past five years. A one percent increase on a $444 parking pass is about $4, in comparison to the $30 a year—about eight percent—Duke has increased its passes in the four years prior to last year.

However, some students would not necessarily mind the price increases, if other aspects of dealing with PTS were better.

Justin Paley, Trinity ‘17, said his biggest issue was the lack of communication from PTS and their inability to acknowledge making any mistakes.

“I just think it’s very disorganized and not very well-run,” he said. “I don’t necessarily mind a slight increase [in price], but it’s less so the price and more so the way that it’s run.”

Football game pains Students also voiced complaints about having to move their cars out of the Blue Zone during home football games.

“As a sophomore, I didn’t know people had to move their cars [from the Blue Zone],” Ford said. “That was super annoying. For the people who literally have to do something in the middle of their day so they can move their car, it’s super inconvenient.”

PTS requires students to clear their

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vehicles from the Blue Zone by 6 a.m. on any Saturday that Duke plays football at Wallace Wade stadium. They can return their cars approximately one hour after the game ends, according to an email from PTS that is sent out to all Blue Zone permit holders before home game weekends.

Students typically move their cars on the Friday before to avoid waking up before 6 a.m. on a Saturday morning.

After 3 p.m. on Fridays, students can park their vehicles at Smith Warehouse’s South Lot or the parking garage on Trent Drive.

If they do not return their cars to the Blue Zone by 2 p.m. Sunday, they can be issued a ticket, the email stated.

DePinto explained that the Blue Zone is the closest lot to accommodate that influx of 30,000 people who attend football games.

“We communicate in advance with students about parking in the Blue Zone so they know what to expect on game days,” he wrote. “We try to mitigate the impact of this temporary relocation by providing alternative parking arrangements and a shuttle to transport people back to campus.”

Mariner said that not having complete access to the Blue Zone on weekends frustrates her, especially considering the price she paid for her permit. She noted that the alternative parking at Smith and

She said that when she has a class in an engineering quad building, it often takes her more than 30 minutes to get to class. She noted that there needs to be more parking for students that is in a convenient location.

Reed also said that when she can’t find a spot in the closer lots and has to park in the back of the Blue Zone, she feels unsafe on the walk back to her dorm.

“It just gets a little sketchier the further you park away,” she said. “It freaks me out a lot when walking in the dark.”

DePinto noted that Duke has installed surveillance cameras at both entrances to the Blue Zone, increased lighting and installed a metal security gate at the entrance from Duke University Road to improve safety. The Blue Zone is also patrolled frequently by Duke Police, DePinto explained.

Many students with commuter passes also noted that they find it frustrating that the Blue Zone lots designated for commuters are often filled up with people who have regular Blue Zone permits.

However, DePinto wrote in an email that “the Blue Zone is no longer segmented into different areas for different groups.

Not guaranteed a spot Another main complaint from students Parking is available on a first-come, firstwas not being able to find a parking spot served basis.” DePinto, who noted that in the Blue Zone, even though they designation of specific lots in the Blue Zone has evolved over time, wrote that an owned a permit.

Thompson noted that there have email was sent out to Blue Zone permit holders in January about the changes in the lot designations. experience has been the parking here,” Gornick said.

Junior Tory Andrews also got towed and received a ticket for not moving her car from the Blue Zone, which cost her $245.

When she had tried to move it in the past, every parking attendant told her to take it to a different location, she said.

She said she finds it aggravating that Duke charges her $400 to park in the Blue Zone but then tickets her for more than half that for not following instructions, after only one email as a heads up.

“I don’t have that kind of money to just drop on a parking ticket for just a simple mistake that I made,” she said. “I definitely learned my lesson. Duke parking makes so much money on campus because they just relentlessly tow.”

DePinto wrote that Duke maintains specific policies regarding parking on campus and that any tickets issued are based on a violation of those policies.

“Every ticket has a corresponding photo to show the infraction,” he wrote. “There is even an appeals process and committee that reviews all citation appeals.”

Chronicle File Photo The parking rate increased $12 from last year. During the previous four years, it increased by about $30 a year.

Trent is not very accessible to students and frequently fills up before she can move her car there.

The last time she had to move her car for a football game, she said only half the lot in Smith was designated for student parking and it was all full, so she had to park in a faculty spot and worried she would get ticketed.

“It’s not a good feeling to leave people with this uncertainty about doing something illegal or not when they’ve paid $400 to ostensibly be legal,” she said.

Sophomore Raisa Reed said moving her car the night before a game and then having to return it takes up a substantial amount of her time. Plus, the instructions from PTS about where she could take her car on weekends were confusing. Paley echoed this sentiment.

“Numerous times the lots they required we move to were not letting me in with my permit,” he said. “They were disorganized.”

Junior Kyle Gornick decided not to move his car from the Blue Zone this year, and it was towed. However, when he went to pick it up from the back two lots of the Blue Zone, per instructions from the Duke University Police Department, he couldn’t find it, he said. Gornick was then redirected to Central Campus where he wandered around before eventually locating his car at the corner of Erwin Road and Alexander Road.

“Probably the worst part of my Duke

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been times when she couldn’t park in the Blue Zone and had to circle until someone left.

“The idea that you’re not guaranteed a spot in Blue Zone is ridiculous because where else are you supposed to park?” she said.

“They tow you almost everywhere else.”

Due to these frustrations, she decided to either take the bus from her off-campus apartment or walk, instead of driving to campus, she said.

“Paying as much as we are and then not even being guaranteed a spot really sucks,” Ford said.

DePinto wrote in an email that the Blue Zone this year includes 1,377 spaces. He noted that about 400 permits for graduate and professional students and staff were relocated from the Blue Zone to the new Science Drive Parking Garage.

“This has alleviated pressure and added hundreds of available spots in the Blue Zone,” he wrote.

DePinto declined to say how many Blue Zone permits were sold this year, but noted that the number of permits sold was less than the total spots available.

Others said they are able to find a spot in the Blue Zone but that it often leaves them far away from their dorms.

“There have been many times when I will go off-campus for doctors’ appointments and have to park in the very last lot when I come back,” Andrews said.

“It’s such a waste of time. The location of the parking is really inconvenient.”

Improvements Students suggested several steps that Duke parking could take to improve the experience of those who bring cars to campus.

Mariner noted that offering options with lower prices for students who don’t need immediate access to their cars could help.

Richards added that it would be beneficial if everyone in the Blue Zone had assigned numbered spots. Each year, seniors would get to choose first and then juniors, sophomore and first-years.

That way, students would not lose their car in the lot if they forget where they parked. Also, if they had a spot in the back of the Blue Zone and had to walk further as a first-year, at least they would know their commute would be shorter as an upperclassman.

Ford suggested a similar system with assigned spots but said the prices for spots could be based on how far from campus they are.

“If you want a really close spot, you have to pay a lot,” she said. “If you’re don’t really care, you pay some standard rate.”

Some other schools are experimenting with alternative parking systems. Reeve from NCSU noted that universities are moving away from permit systems to “pay-as-you-go” parking. Under this system, gated lots would use license plate recognition to charge students for only the time they are in the lot. “[Universities] realizing number one, people don’t have to come to campus everyday,” she said. “If you sell a permit for whole year and it’s not being used everyday, when I look at managing parking spaces, I can’t sell any more permits. But if you do it based on when people come, you can maximize resources.”

This allows universities to sell the maximum amount of permits and is more cost-effective for students, she explained.

Overall, Paley said Duke parking could decrease students’ frustrations by recognizing their mistakes when they happen, especially with wrongful tickets or not having the right lots open.

“I don’t know if there’s a good solution,” he said. “The biggest thing for me is just a recognition that this situation is difficult and giving students a little leeway.”