November 29, 2017

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Duke prepares for first true road game of season Page 11

T H E I N D E P E N D E N T D A I LY AT D U K E U N I V E R S I T Y

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 2017 DUKECHRONICLE.COM

ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTEENTH YEAR, ISSUE 37

3 University faculty named AAAS fellows

By Shannon Fang Staff Reporter

Three Duke faculty have been elected Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, which recognizes individuals who have made outstanding and significant contributions to science.

The mission of AAAS is to “advance science, engineering and innovation throughout the world for the benefit of all people.” Each year, fellows are nominated by the section steering group or AAAS peers based on their extraordinary achievements in areas such as research, teaching or communicating and interpreting science to the public.

Nominated individuals must have been AAAS members for at least four years.

David Kirsch, Trinity ‘93 and Barbara Levine University professor of radiation oncology and vice chair for basic and translational research, began his scientific career with a biology major at Duke.

He then earned an M.D./Ph.D. degree from Johns Hopkins University, where he researched cell response to ionizing radiation and cell death mechanisms. He completed his residency at Massachusetts General Hospital and post-doctoral research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he developed a genetically engineered mouse model of soft tissue sarcoma. In 2007, Kirsch returned to Duke to start his own lab and continued to use his mouse model.

Kirsch works in the Duke Cancer Institute one day a week treating sarcoma

DUKE DONATES Political donations by Duke employees surge after Trump’s election in 2016

By Ben Leonard Staff Reporter

The day after President Donald Trump was elected, a palpable sense of shock overcame the campus. Since then, Duke faculty and staff have become far more politically involved.

Compared to the same 323-day period after President Barack Obama’s re-election in 2012, faculty and staff made nearly 10 times more individual donations to political causes in the aftermath of Trump’s victory—870 to 88. The data, which comes from the Center for Responsive Politics, showed that of those 870 donations, just six of them were to Republican candidates or party committees.

David Levi, dean of the School of Law, gave $2,700 to Republican Monty Newman, a candidate for New Mexico’s 2nd Congressional District. Levi declined to comment, and the other five Republican donors did not respond to requests for comment.

On the other side, many—including Jane Richardson, James B. Duke professor of biochemistry—said they donated because of Trump’s election and the conditions that led to his victory. Richardson donated $546 to various Democratic causes and candidates.

“Of course it was because of his election. It also has to do with the things that made his election possible. A lot of that is we don’t teach critical thinking anymore,” Richardson said. “Nobody seems to care how unreasonable politicians behave—they don’t get punished for it.

The influence and money is a big deal.”

As a scientist, Richardson is particularly troubled by Trump’s relationship with facts.

“That is maybe one of the worst parts of it,” she said. “I’m a scientist and I care about objectivity. You can’t always know the right answer, but

See AAAS on Page 16

Graphic by Jeremy Chen | Graphics Editor

Courtesy of Duke Photography David Kirsch, vice chair for basic and translational research, works in the Duke Cancer Institute treating sarcoma patients.

See DONATIONS on Page 4

And then they came together

‘(as) Thick as Thieves’

The pressure to be thin

Campus Democrats and Republicans host roundtable to discuss pressing national issues.

PAGE 3

How senior Jeainny Kim became the first undergraduate to present an exhibit at Duke’s Power Plant Gallery. PAGE 7

Is Duke culture contributing to students developing eating disorders and exercising too much?

TOWERVIEW

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2 | WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 2017

UNIVERSITY

DUSDAC discusses Latin American food, roaches

By Nathan Luzum Health and Science News Editor

Duke University Student Dining Advisory Committee discussed a variety of student complaints regarding food on campus at its Tuesday meeting.

In a follow-up to recent criticism over the lack of Latin American food options, the committee discussed the results of a survey sent to students by junior Kristina Smith, vice president of services and sustainability for Duke Student Government, about potential Latin American food.

DUSDAC and Duke Dining are still working to determine how to implement the potential new options.

Senior Julia Medine, co-chair of DUSDAC, noted that she had received a complaint regarding the transparency of the menu at Marketplace. Beginning next semester, there will be menus posted online that will allow students to see the options at Marketplace more easily, she said.

Medine also mentioned an article by The Chronicle that examined sophomore Annie Yang’s complaint of a cockroach in her Café Edens salad, which Yang posted about on the Fix My Campus Facebook group. The committee noted that there was a lack of communication between DUSDAC and Fix My Campus and agreed to reach out to members of Fix My Campus to better address student complaints.

Another topic of the meeting was DUSDAC’s new newsletter, which 58 percent of recipients—amounting to approximately 120 people who are on the DUSDAC listserv—opened in their emails, Medine noted. She added that she would be sending out more information in the See DUSDAC on Page 4

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Anthropologist analyzes high rate of domestic violence in South Africa at event

By Catherine Martinez Contributing Reporter

An anthropologist from South Africa spoke on campus Tuesday about the causes of the country’s high rate of interpersonal violence.

Kelly Gillespie, senior lecturer in the department of anthropology at the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa, discussed her research and material in her future book “Idle Acts: Criminality and the Dialectics of Punishment in Post-Apartheid” at an event sponsored by the Social Movements Lab. In her research, Gillespie focuses on criminal justice in South Africa and the intersection of feminism and politics. During the talk, she noted that the rate of interpersonal violence in South Africa is higher than the global average. Eighty percent of murderers are known by their victims, and 60 percent are either friends or relatives. In cases of rape, around 75 percent of women know their rapists. The number is even higher—90 percent—with assault.

Gillespie argued that domestic violence is an example of the privatization of violence in South Africa, noting that to women in this region, the home is more dangerous than work or other public spheres. She described this as “nesting brutality,” highlighting that one in six women reported being in an abusive relationship, a likely underestimated report.

The history of apartheid—a racially segregated South Africa—and the explosion of a drug economy all contribute to the violence found in private moments instead of public forms, Gillespie’s research finds.

“You have privatization of resources creating the inability to constitute through work place, union, political space and public space,” she said.

Gillespie discussed her interactions with people who have experienced privatized violence or been affected by violence in their neighborhoods. She recalled meeting with a woman named Abby, a mother of three and wife. Speaking to Gillespie in a fast food restaurant so members of the community

wouldn’t overhear, Abby shared how she felt trapped in an abusive relationship where her husband treated her private parts as property given by God. On another occasion, Gillespie met a young man who joined a gang because of the politics in the neighborhood.

When imprisoned due to transporting drugs, he became part of a prison gang. After his release, he had nowhere else to go but back to his neighborhood.

Gillespie has worked with feminist organizations in Cape Town, which encouraged women to report domestic violence incidents to police. She also noticed efforts of bringing police into households and making protection orders available to neighbors.

See VIOLENCE on Page 4

Catherine Martinez | Contributing Photographer Anthropologist Kelly Gillespie said that the rate of interpersonal violence in South Africa was higher than the global average.

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WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 2017 | 3

Democrats, Republicans come together to discuss national issues

By Bre Bradham Local and National News Editor

In an increasingly polarized political climate with a 24-hours news cycle and where social media has become a platform for political discourse, the last thing people seem willing to do is listen to opposing viewpoints.

But on Tuesday night, that’s the first thing that seven students from Duke Democrats and Duke College Republicans did.

In a Listen First Conversation moderated by Pearce Godwin, Trinity ’08, the students discussed topics ranging from school choice to terrorism. The Duke Democrats were represented by sophomores Faven Getahun, Allison McHorse and Leah Abrams, who is the club’s president and the editorial page managing editor for The Chronicle. The students who spoke for the Duke College Republicans were sophomores Audrey Kornkven and Jake Chasan, junior Michael Brunetti and senior Colin Duffy, who is the club’s president.

Here are three of the topics that generated the most interesting discussion from the students.

National debt and President Donald Trump’s tax plan An early question posed by Godwin was on the federal deficit and what students think about the state of national debt.

Chasan drew the analogy of repeatedly taking out 30-year mortgages on cars that you replace every five years and explained that “eventually you become underneath a mountain of debt and you can’t pay it off.” He said that it’s essential for the United States to figure out how much is too much debt, and what can effectively be paid off without the the country being under that mountain.

Abrams responded to the analogy, agreeing that the national debt is “an incredible problem.”

“But I do think that it has to be tempered with our obligation to provide certain services for folks who are in need of them,” she said.

She referenced the current tax plan being considered by Congress, and said there are ways to lower the national debt without reneging on responsibilities to provide programs like social security and Medicaid/Medicare.

Duffy pushed back on negative views of the tax plan by

Bre Bradham | Associate Photography Editor Campus Democrats and Republicans talked about issues such as the national debt, immigration and gun policy.

critiquing the Congressional Budget Office’s assumption that the economy will only grow at 1.9 percent. He said that when good tax reforms are enacted that minimize loopholes, it is possible to see the economy take off. He called out multi-national corporations and the University itself for being beneficiaries of those loopholes.

“Duke is taking advantage of the current system, in the sense that even us, we have millions of dollars parked off-shore for our endowments that we don’t have to pay taxes on,” Duffy said.

McHorse took particular issue with the effects that the current plan would have on graduate students’ taxation rate for school costs.

Duffy challenged the proposition that graduate students would be hurt by the bill.

“What do you think would be more important though— having the ability to write off that interest or having a job there

to allow you to pay off those loans?” he asked.

“I just don’t have faith that the cutting of the corporate taxes will directly help people that much,” McHorse responded. “We’ve seen it have limited success, and I think there is no reason to hurt graduate students trying to pay back their loans in order to cut those corporate taxes when you could help in other ways.”

Brunetti took a step back and summed up the overall view of the bill.

“It’s kind of sad that it seems no one is really enthusiastic about the plan on either side,” he said.

Immigration The students’ discussion of immigration ranged from how to handle refugees to how strongly the United States should enforce See ISSUES on Page 16

MEDIA, ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT TECHNOLOGY & DESIGN SOCIAL INNOVATION & POLICY CULTURE, COMMUNITY & COMMERCE UNSCRIPTED

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4 | WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 2017

DONATIONS FROM PAGE 1 sometimes you can really know if it’s the wrong answer.”

Richardson, who donated to pro-Democratic political action committees, gave the bulk of her contributions to Democrat Jon Ossoff, a candidate in the June special election for Georgia’s 6th Congressional District. Ossoff ultimately fell to Republican Karen Handel, but he was one of the largest recipients of Duke faculty support, earning 63 individual contributions for a total of nearly $3,300.

Other top individual recipients included Reps. David Price (D-N.C.) and Don Beyer (D-Va.), who combined to receive $9,900 from Duke faculty and staff.

All but 79 of the 870 donations were small contributions of $100 or less, adding up to nearly $58,000 in total, more than double the amount given after Obama’s election. Nearly a quarter were through ACTBlue, a political action committee that supports Democrats, and 129 donations went to the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee in the 323 days of available

data following Trump’s election.

But some Duke professors gave much bigger sums of money, including William Eacho, visiting professor of the practice in the Sanford School of Public Policy and former U.S. Ambassador to Austria. Eacho gave $10,000 to the Democratic Party of North Carolina, $5,400 to Beyer, $1,000 to Sen. Tim Kaine (D-Va.)—also presidential candidate Hillary Clinton’s former vice presidential candidate—and $1,500 to other Democrats including Ossoff.

Eacho said he supports the Democratic Party of North Carolina because it is in “real need,” noting that despite representing half the electorate, the party has been gerrymandered to be a minority of the electorate.

“The simple fact is that in N.C., we do not meet the definition of a democracy,” Eacho wrote in an email. “Our elected representatives do not represent the electorate. We have a situation in N.C. where the legislators—elected officials— select their electorate, rather than the electorate selecting the elected officials.”

A solution to fix the problem, Eacho suggested, would be to restore the right to multi-member congressional districts,

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with a system of “rank-choice voting” in which voters could rank multiple candidates in order of preference. However this method is currently prohibited by federal law, he said.

Like many of his peers, Eacho did not donate in the same period after Obama’s election.

“I am interested in helping elect more rational political leaders and fewer right wing ideologues,” Eacho wrote.

Others have expressed similar sentiments, including Wayne Miller, associate dean for academic technologies and senior lecturing fellow at the School of Law. Miller donated $17 between ACTBlue and Ossoff, and said he is strongly opposed to Trump’s actions as president. As a volunteer greeter at polling places, he said he has always been politically active but has donated more in the recent times.

“I oppose almost everything [Trump] stands for,” Miller said.

“I reject a lot of the stances he takes, I disagree with the way he uses social media. There’s not a lot I like about the way he has occupied the office.”

Not all faculty, however, were drawn to donate solely because of Trump, including Sarah Russell, adjunct instructor of international comparative studies, who donated $35 to the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee.

“I am a moderately active Democrat, and have been for many decades. In general, I tend to support Democrats for political office, but I have also, on occasion, been supportive of thoughtful, moderate Republicans,” said Russell, who is also an academic dean in the Academic Advising Center. “So no, I would not say that Trump’s victory has been the impetus for my political involvement entirely.”

Still, a number of Duke employees, like Richardson, were drawn to donate more than usual as a result of the election. “[The number of donations has been] much more this year, which probably makes me donate less to my other worthy causes rather than politics,” Richardson said. “But this seems like a time where it’s really, really important.”

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future telling students how to subscribe to the newsletter.

Committee member Maddie Manning, a sophomore, also brought up another student’s concern about Il Forno.

“It takes forever, but also, they don’t cook the pasta for that long when the line gets so long,” she said. “[A cook] dumped half of it on the floor when he was putting it into the container.”

DUSDAC also discussed the possibility of installing a restaurant similar to Quenchers in the Brodhead Center.

“It’s very hard to find fruit and veggies here just to grab and go,” said junior Emma Gabay, a committee member.

The committee agreed to look into both the Il Forno and Quenchers situations.

Toni Apadula, dietician clinician for nutrition services, told the committee about the upcoming Tea-laxation event, which will occur Dec. 11 at Marketplace and the Brodhead Center.

The event will feature make-your-own herbal tea blends along with a number of herbs and spices.

Tea-laxation will also allow students to make jewelry out of healing stones, an activity sponsored by the Wellness Center.

Additionally, Student Health will be giving away health care kits to those who attend.

“The idea is to give students a place to come and de-stress during study time,” Apadula said.

Aris Marton, assistant director of retail operations for Duke Dining, said that the Central Campus eatery Dame’s Express will close Dec. 18. Its replacement, Trinity Kitchen, has a soft opening scheduled for Jan. 8.

VIOLENCE FROM PAGE 2 Although some places may call for more police stations to be built, there are police members who are not adept at handling situations in the complex social private scene, Gillespie said.

When police cannot fix problems, people call for military intervention, which poses the problem of military fatigue.

Junior Mumbi Kanyogo attended the event and said it was helpful for her as a gender, sexuality and feminist studies major.

Since she works in the Women’s Center, the topic of domestic violence is relevant in both her academic and work life. Being from Kenya herself, the focus of such issues in South Africa was another factor that led her to the event.

Meredith Watkins, program coordinator of the Duke University Center for International and Global Studies, also attended. She noted that there were faculty of different ethnic and cultural backgrounds at the event which opened up a dialogue and brought up different perspectives. “[This event is] a great opportunity to have people come from other countries and talk about their experiences and their research,” Watkins said.

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WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 2017 | 5

recess

VOLUME 19, ISSUE 37 | NOVEMBER 29, 2017

paris in perkins The memes of 19th-century France, page 7

november dances Duke Dance Program’s fall concert, page 8

thanksgiving on campus Students who stayed for break, page 9

R

6 | WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 2017 29, 2017 6 | WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER

recess editors What’s your biggest end-ofsemester regret?

Will Atkinson .................comp sci 201 Nina Wilder ............ too many to name Georgina Del Vecho.... skipping recess Dillon Fernando .................. bio major Christy Kuesel ...... not enuf currywurst Jessica Williams ..........WASTED TIME Likhitha Butchireddygari......... recess

on the cover: The November Dances showcase, Nov. 17 & 18.

Photo by Alec Himwich.

recess dukechronicle.com Watching Duke’s come-frombehind overtime win over Texas in last week’s PK80 Invitational awakened a familiar feeling in me, one I hadn’t felt in some time. This year, for the second year in a row, Duke men’s basketball had the misfortune of being ranked preseason no. 1. And as I sat in my family’s living room witnessing the young team give up dunk after dunk, digging itself into a 16-point hole midway through the second half, I shook my fist and reflected once more on the fact that to be a Duke basketball fan is to know so much bitter pain and disappointment.

Of course, Duke did what Duke so often does (and what it did, again, two days later), which is pull off the unthinkable, keeping dreams of being undefeated alive for another day. It’s a trick I’ve seen pulled time and time again, and it’s no less maddening today than it was 10 years ago — even though, of late, my connection to the team has been more tenuous.

For 17 or so years, my life practically revolved around Duke basketball. I was raised in a Duke household just nigh on half an hour from campus, and it followed that, from a young age, nearly everything I owned was blue: In middle school I gained a reputation of wearing nothing but Duke paraphernalia — to be sure, it was a rough period in fashion for everyone — and to this day, my childhood bedroom is painted a deep royal. The months between November and March (or, more rarely, April) had a consecrated quality, greeted by season predictions, number-crunching and the hastily purchased cable subscription, the better to watch ESPN. The remainder of the year was mere anticipation.

I had the fortune of seeing two

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national championships unfold during this time. But for me, the essence of being a Duke fan always lay in how frustratingly, thrillingly inconsistent the team was. As much as Duke basketball is defined by its evergreen dominance, it’s equally defined by the promise of disappointment, its Mercers and Lehighs, its habit of giving the long-suffering folks at N.C. State their biggest win of the year.

So when I finally came to Duke last year, it was difficult for me to join in the collective murmurs of an undefeated season. (Remember that?) I imagine I fancied myself as the grizzled veteran who’d seen it all, knowing that such hubris would be

staff note our downfall. But more realistically, living on campus had had the strange effect of making me less invested in the basketball team — there’s a reason I’m currently editor of Recess and not across the office with Sports.

I can’t point to a definite reason why my ardor for Duke basketball seemed to wane as soon as I set foot on campus.

Perhaps those disappointments started to feel like an unworthy price for the occasional celebration, and I was simply sparing myself the emotional labor.

Perhaps I’d realized that the players I’d looked up to as godlike figures were now my peers, some even younger than

me. Perhaps, still, I’d decided there were more “important” things to worry about than a basketball team.

Most of all, though, I began to appreciate what the campus could offer beyond basketball. Growing up, Duke the basketball team and Duke the university had been, in my mind, synonymous — and, from the outside, that’s often the way it seems. It wasn’t until the end of high school that I began to appreciate the difference, and it wasn’t until I came to Duke that I actually experienced it. Basketball’s influence is great but hardly inescapable.

I see now that my experiences as a Duke basketball fan bore little, if any, resemblance to my experiences as a Duke student, to the extent that I sometimes forget the two are connected — when I watch a game like the one against Texas, it is difficult, almost surreal, to unite the Nike-sponsored behemoth that is Duke basketball with the place where I study. (The problems posed by such an arrangement are a conversation for another day.)

But ultimately, moments like Duke’s so-quintessentially-Duke wins in the last week bring out the inner sports fan in this arts and culture editor. I may not prioritize the NCAA basketball season the way I once did, but the devotion is still there, to some extent. I’m honored, too, to share an office with the writers who are on the sidelines producing the live coverage and postgame reports I digested for so many years.

If the first seven games of this season are any indication, it’s shaping up to be a good year to be a Duke fan. And I know better, but I’ll continue to let my emotions get the best of me. Here’s to making it past the Sweet 16.

—Will Atkinson

Distinguished Speakers Series

On view through Feb. 25, 2018

Jeff Ubben (T ‘83) Chief Executive Officer ValueAct Capital Thursday, November 30, 2017 5:30 PM - 6:30 PM Geneen Auditorium The Fuqua School of Business

nasher.duke.edu/disorderly Don Eddy, Green Volkswagen, 1971. Acrylic on canvas, 66 x 95 inches (167.6 x 241.3 cm). Collection of the Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University. Gift of Ivan and Zoya Gerhath, 2001.40.1. © Don Eddy. Photo by Peter Paul Geoffrion.

Admission is always free for Duke students.

The university community is invited to attend.

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recess

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 2017 | 7

campus arts

Memes and stereotypes of France mark latest exhibit in Perkins

By Eva Hong Staff Writer

Since Oct. 18, students who have walked into their second home — Perkins — with heavy steps must have been drawn by the black-and-white, visually appealing exhibit “Humans of Paris: Picturing Social Life in the Nineteenth Century” in the Jerry and Bruce Chappell Family Gallery, located between the Von der Heyden Pavilion and the first floor of the library. Curated by Kathryn Desplanque, this exhibit features Rubenstein Library’s rare books and objects that give a glimpse of social life in 19th-century Paris. It will run until Feb. 18, 2018.

An alumna of Duke’s Ph.D. program in Art History, Desplanque graduated from Duke in March before joining the Art department at UNC-Chapel Hill as a Carolina Postdoctoral Fellow for Faculty Diversity. During her study at Duke, Desplanque had been given opportunities to curate exhibits in the Duke libraries system along with other graduate students and faculty members, but “Humans of Paris” was her first individual project for the Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library.

Inspired by Brandon Stanton’s “Humans of New York” photo blog, “Humans of Paris” seeks to present the parallel between memes of today’s popular culture and viral sketch writing and comics in early 19thcentury Paris. Like memes, these comics invented and reinforced stereotypes by giving them “cheeky nicknames and slang.”

These sketch writing and drawings typically took the forms of illustrated pocketsized pamphlets and collectible leaflets and were even created by famous writers and artists such as Honoré de Balzac, Alexandre Dumas, Honoré Daumier and Paul Gavarni.

Contrary to what most people today might think, memes and stereotypes are

not new inventions. As a result of the rapid development of Paris in the early 19th century, small, dense streets merged into large, bustling boulevards where Parisians enjoyed strolling and being dazzled by the window dressings, street entertainment and different types of street walkers.

“At the same time caricaturists and writers start watching the watchers and become interested in who these Parisians are, and why they all look so different and funny, and what should we call them, and how we are going to describe them?”

Desplanque explained.

Thus, they called working shop girls in Paris grisettes and humorously characterized their encounters with strange men. Those who successfully attracted powerful males were named lorettes, and the empowered women were also mocked by French satirists as bas-bleu (blue stockings). What’s more, slang terms like le rapin were given to lazy art students who walked the streets of Paris.

However, stereotypes and memes are a double-edged sword. In classrooms, we tend to characterize stereotypes as something negative and outdated, yet in real life we cannot help bringing them up and reinforcing them in conversations, for stereotypes are a basic framework to help us make sense of the world. The same goes for memes. We love them because they are funny and relevant, but they are also vehicles of distributing ideas that can easily be taken to the extreme.

“In a way, almost like an anthropologist, I’m interested in just saying this is something that we do, and so let’s think a little bit more about how it’s something that we’ve done in the past and we continue to do now,” Desplanque said. “We do it comedically in social satire, and social satire seems like it’s benign. Sketch comedy that one sees on SNL [Saturday Night Live] very rarely makes us worried about how

Nina Wilder | Contributing Photographer “Humans of Paris: Picturing Social Life in the Nineteenth Century” will be on display until Feb. 18, 2018.

we might be characterizing people from the Midwest or … Brooklyn or … people from different communities. So that stuff can fall under the radar. … I think I just advocate for thinking critically about everything, including stereotypes.”

Besides sparking discussions about the use of stereotypes and the popularity of memes, Desplanque’s exhibit also aims to make the Duke body aware of the Rubenstein Library’s treasures. Desplanque felt that Rubenstein is seldom frequented by students, especially undergraduates, unless for specific liberal arts classes or research. She was awed at the fact that so many resources — valuable rare books and objects — are available down here in the Southeast and wanted to share this awe with more people by curating an exhibit that brings the past and present together, making history relevant.

“Art and humanistic learning has to be available. It can’t hide away in an ivory tower,” Desplanque said. “I sometimes

worry that undergraduates aren’t as interested in history anymore. If they take a class in the humanities, they maybe want to learn more about the 20th century and the 21st century. They want to learn about what’s happening right now because they feel that that would speak to their life much more directly. So in both my teaching and this exhibit, I want to suggest that close considerations of history can actually force us to think in very interesting ways about our own lives, and so it shouldn’t be neglected as an option for how to interrogate your living experience now in a new way.”

More specifically, Desplanque wants to pass on the message that art history does not have to be restricted to big names and big artwork in big museums and textbooks — for the arts in small illustrations and tiny copies created by lesser-known artists are equally important and compelling.

Katherine Berko contributed reporting.

Jeainny Kim opens first undergraduate exhibit at Power Plant Gallery

By Ashley Kwon Staff Writer

Beginning with an opening reception Wednesday evening, senior Jeainny Kim’s exhibit, “(as) Thick as Thieves,” will be on display until Dec. 9 at Duke’s Power Plant Gallery — the first exhibit by an undergraduate to be shown at this professional gallery. Kim interprets everyday objects using a scanner and gives them new outlooks by magnifying or blurring certain parts of the objects, integrating her highly personal experiences into those objects to evoke an emotional response from viewers.

Kim said her technique is like cameraless photography. She created most of the works that will be at the exhibition using a specialized photo scanner designed for photographers and artists. Special features of the photo scanner make her works look surreal — nothing like the regular scanners used in offices.

Those features are both the greatest advantages and disadvantages of creating her work. The photo scanner magnifies everyday objects and visualizes their details, such as texture, that the naked eye cannot see. With such intricate details, most of the scanned photos have large file sizes, often around two gigabytes.

However, because the scanner cannot accommodate depth, objects that are scanned above the surface of the scanner

appear blurry in the photography.

“I work around the lack of depth and detail and balance those to create my pictures,” Kim said.

The ways in which the objects are scanned reflect Kim’s emotional experiences and messages that she wants to convey. Kim chose the title of her exhibit, “(as) Thick as Thieves,” to exemplify this visceral quality of her works. Like the meaning of the colloquial phrase — it references a close relationship between two robbers — her works are focused on emotional and personal themes such as

pain, love and uncertainty.

“I try to give shape and form to emotional experiences that a human body goes through,” Kim said.

Kim has been working on bringing out such emotions through ordinary objects like nails and rubber bands. When she first started creating surreal photographs via the use of a scanner, Kim did not adhere to an organized process. She would go to places like CVS to explore materials and pay attention to the textures or colors of certain objects, like latex tubing. She would then scan the objects and explore more

Jeainny Kim | Special to The Chronicle Senior Jeainny Kim’s artwork involves manipulating scanner photographs of everyday objects.

intricate details — from the fuzziness of towels to the smooth surface of a BandAid — about the objects that she could not perceive when she first saw them.

However, Kim said she now has a better understanding of her process. She uses two distinct ways to approach the objects she chooses. She first lets the material speak for itself and pays attention to what it is saying. Then she evokes the emotional experience she had during that process and translates it into a visual language, scanning her objects in certain ways that would represent her emotions.

Kim recalled that the experience of moving to a new country, in which her first language is not widely spoken, was the reason she turned to visual art. Kim immigrated to California from South Korea when she was eight years old, and her inability to communicate in English frustrated her immensely. As a book lover, she was also shocked that there was a large discrepancy between the level of books she could read in Korean and the level of books she could read in English.

“When I first came here, language was basically dead to me. I could not speak. I could not understand,” Kim said.

“Naturally, in my silence, I turned to visual art. I turned to sight and observation.”

Kim learned painting at a local studio and drew on her own for five years before See KIM on Page 10

8 | WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 2017

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November Dances showcase stunning talent, student choreography

By Sarah Derris Staff Writer

Duke’s annual dance showcase, the November Dances, proved to be a visually stunning display of athleticism and art last Friday and Saturday, Nov. 17 and 18. The concert presented by the Duke Dance Program featured ballet, modern, jazz and African dance performances, with many of the performances being choreographed by the students themselves.

The opening dance, “Screendancestudy #4,” was characterized by its eccentric meld of classical music — specifically Giuseppe Tartini’s “Violin Concerto in G Major” — and Lynchian squelches and mechanical sound effects, their juxtaposition making for an otherworldly auditory experience. Gracefully chasse-ing across the stage, the dancers seemed to cover nearly every ballet term in the book — an elegant arabesque here and a succession of impressive pirouettes there. Yet the focal point of the performance highlighted a single dancer with a screen around her waist, colorful projections flickering across it throughout the act.

“Mirada Ritmica,” choreographed by Associate Professor of Dance Andrea E. Woods Valdés, showcased African-style dance complete with eye-catching costumes, the flowing fabric sashaying with every dancer’s move. A live band of musicians complemented the dance, featuring local singer-songwriter Shana Tucker on the cello and musician Will Ridenour playing the kora, a type of West African lute. The dancers’ synchronicity exhibited their stamina and discipline as they leapt and twirled about the stage.

Perhaps the most notable performance of the evening,

“Pour,” was choreographed by Duke’s acclaimed dance professor, Nina Wheeler. “Pour” not only demonstrated striking choreography but also a genius display of lighting — contrasting beam lights and back lights with fog created a mystical, three-dimensional effect onstage.

The piece incorporated modern dance components as dancers alluringly crawled and bound around the central prop, a table. In a single triumphant moment, one dancer rose up above the others, the spotlight shining upon him as if he were a godlike figure, marking the performance’s ultimate culmination.

How does a dancer or a group prepare for the November Dances? What does it take to assemble an impressive and tenacious performance such as that of “The Reveal” or “1+1”? Senior Sara Yuen has been a dancer for fifteen years and described the process of choreographing a November Dance.

“Repertory classes start in the beginning of the semester. Oftentimes students help choreograph parts of group performances. I was in the ‘Pour’ performance, and working with Nina was especially wonderful! She’s got a really clear vision of what she wants. Dancing for her was invigoratingly challenging emotionally and technically,” Yuen said.

“My duet piece with Ashlynn was also a really great but very different experience. We started it as a study last semester in Professor Woods-Valdés’ Advanced Dance Composition class and it culminated into a performance for the November Dances.”

Dancers often practice multiple times a week, finding time outside of class to practice alone or with oncampus student dance groups. Yuen incorporates dance into her day-to-day life by partaking in dance clubs and

photos by alec himwich

diversifying her dance courses each semester.

“I come into contact with dance everyday. I practice with Duke Chinese Dance six times a week,” Yuen said.

“DCD has been a home for me since freshman year.

Growing up, I was raised with strictly classical ballet.

But, since coming to college, I have tried more modern dance styles and taken some different classes so that I may be greater exposed to the dance world.”

Many dancers have aspirations to dance after college yet hold career goals outside of dance for the future.

Flipping through the biographies of the dancers in the November Dances program, a variety of interests, from linguistics to economics, distinguishes each individual. Yuen said she encourages fellow students to explore topics that may contribute to the quality and authenticity of their Duke experience.

“I think we should all be trying to be ourselves,” Yuen said. “In a world where different forces will try to trick you into working towards anything but authenticity, dance stands as a pretty good practice.

Even if, like in Nina’s piece, I’m trying to dance like a really badass, strong woman, I try to find an authentic place in myself where that can come from. When I perform, I’m engaging in showmanship, but I’m trying to present some part of myself — maybe a part that I don’t get to show very often. It’s liberating. I think it can inform life offstage.”

Indeed, the Duke Dance Department’s November Dances show was a spectacular showcase of emotion and raw talent within the Duke student dance community.

Each dance bore its own unique personality, as each dancer brought his or her own unique interpretation of a performance to life onstage.

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playground

‘Three Billboards’ is a perfect balance of gloom and humor

By Wesley Caretto Contributing Writer

“Rightly to be great / Is not to stir without great argument, / But greatly to find quarrel in a straw / When honour’s at the stake.” - William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act IV, Scene 4 It’s been seven months since Mildred Hayes (Frances McDormand) last heard from the police department in her small town of Ebbing, Missouri. Considering the recently decreasing level of trust between police and the general public, most people would appreciate minimizing their interactions with police. Not Mildred Hayes. Her 16-year-old daughter, Angela, died in a gruesome act of violence, and there still haven’t been any arrests. To Mildred, the police department’s inaction is reprehensible. Driving home one day along a road surrounded by overgrown weeds, she spies three abandoned billboards, each about 50 yards apart, still bearing the faded panels of beauty product and baby care advertisements.

The advertisement company she contacts doesn’t even remember those three billboard locations, but Mildred is willing to pay for a year-long rental. She posts three separate messages, black text on a solid red background, each condemning Ebbing’s police chief Bill Willoughby for letting Angela’s case go cold. Together, the billboards loom over the country landscape, 20-foot-high obelisks of a mother’s tenacious battle for justice.

Of course, this action causes more problems within this small town, and soon after the billboards gather media attention, Mildred finds herself making unlikely enemies. The director and writer of “Three

Courtesy of Vimeo Frances McDormand and Woody Harrelson star in “Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri.”

Billboards outside Ebbing, Missouri,” Martin McDonagh (“In Bruges,” “Seven Psychopaths”), gravitates toward some of the darkest reaches of the psyche, but his knack for uncovering the humanity in his most depraved characters sets him apart from other filmmakers. McDormand does an excellent job playing the disgruntled, short-tempered Mildred. Her presence onscreen is awe-inspiring, her icy glare disarming everyone who stands in her way.

A flashback scene involving an argument between Mildred and Angela shows her grief-stricken, though not in the way she must have been the day she heard of her daughter’s death. No sobbing, no cursing at the sky. Instead, she stares at Angela’s untouched bedroom with the grief of resignation, her face barely echoing that past trauma.

Woody Harrelson provides an equally

astounding performance as Chief Willoughby, whose positive energy initially seems alarming. For a man with a publicized personal attack against him, he’s relatively calm. His first meeting with Mildred could be described as “pathetic,” in a purely Greek sense; his pleas that there truly haven’t been any leads in her daughter’s case are met with scorn. It’s hard not to feel bad for him, especially given Harrelson’s fatigued demeanor. He’s a man of an older age who finally feels dragged down by the weight of the world (hell, even just his rural town), explained by a revelation halfway through the movie that shouldn’t be spoiled. Although Harrelson’s delivery becomes somewhat chipper toward the end of the movie—most disorienting amidst the movie’s increasingly dark tone—it serves to ground Willoughby as someone who cherishes the humor and joy in life.

Willoughby might not be a model policeman, but the rest of the Ebbing Police Department make him look like Andy Griffith. Unabashedly racist, bearingless and, worst of all, lazy, the EPD lounge around their windowed office, their inaction transparent to the public. At the officers is stubborn-headed Jason Dixon (Sam Rockwell), whose presence in the film undermines the comedic trope of the inept police officer. Instead of looking like Chief Wiggum, Dixon is terrifyingly willing to abuse his power. Each gag poking fun at Dixon (Dixon losing his badge, Dixon living with his mom, Dixon insisting he doesn’t partake in any “persons-of-color torturing”) simultaneously gives the audience room to laugh at those in power while reminding them that men and women just like Dixon actually work in police departments around the country. Rockwell’s performance merits praise for so convincingly bringing such a despicable character to life. I played a racist waiter in a musical last year, and I had the dubious honor of using the N-word on stage each night; in “Three Billboards,” Dixon says some of the most vile things I’ve ever heard, and Rockwell never feels like he’s holding back. His transformation over the course of the film, from ignorant and hateful to introspective and repentant, might be one of the most compelling in movie history.

Does Lucas Hedges have a guardian angel? His nomination for Best Supporting Actor in “Manchester by the Sea” last year baffled me, and his presence both in “Three Billboards” and Greta Gerwig’s “Lady Bird” seem to suggest he’s gunning for another nomination See BILLBOARDS on Page 10

student life

The students who stayed on campus for Thanksgiving break

By Sydny Long Staff Writer

As the trees shed their autumn leaves and the students shed their tears of stress over finals, Duke University offers one last reprieve before the unrelenting grind of exams and essays and group projects — Thanksgiving break. A teaser for the longer and much more appreciated winter break that promises relaxation and recovery for another challenging semester, Thanksgiving break is the calm before the academic storm. It is incredibly easy to forget about looming deadlines while carving turkey with loved ones or scoring deals on Black Friday.

However, not everyone used Thanksgiving break as an opportunity to escape campus for a few days and enjoy a home-cooked meal, even though the sheer number of Ubers that descended upon Duke on Tuesday might suggest otherwise. Some stayed on campus due to prior commitments, others to save money for winter break and still others just to enjoy the break at their new home away from home.

“I’m staying home because this break is going to be pretty short and plane tickets are almost $280,” first-year Tiye Flavien said before break. “I don’t have the money to fly out over this break and Christmas Break.”

However, Flavien did not believe she missed out on an enjoyable break.

“I plan on exploring Durham and Raleigh — there’s so much more to Duke than just Duke,” she said.

Flavien believed using her free time to learn more about the city in which she is living poses a wonderful opportunity to go beyond what East Campus and Duke have to offer and visit the Raleigh-Durham area that freshmen rarely get to see.

Others did not have a choice in whether or not they got to visit home for break.

“I have to be here for the game on Saturday, and plane tickets are expensive,” first-year Kaila Lattimore said. “It’s just easier to stay here.”

Although she did not leave Duke for the break, Lattimore planned on participating in traditional Thanksgiving break activities.

“My family is coming up,” Lattimore said. “We’re going to have dinner together and I still plan on going Black Friday shopping at South Point. I’ll be missing out on a home-cooked Thanksgiving meal, but I’m okay with staying here because I’ll get some time alone to just relax and sleep.”

Getting to spend the holiday with family may be the goal of many, but for some, the friends they have made at Duke are like family already.

First-year Antonio Garcia gave a similar response to why he was not going home for break: “Well, Duke is very far from my home, and winter break is

Sujal Manohar | Recess Photography Editor Some Duke students stayed on campus fir Thanksgiving break, whether out of necessity or choice.

coming up soon. It’ll be too expensive to fly to my city twice in such a short amount of time.”

Even if he could not go home for the holidays, Garcia was in good company at Duke.

“I think I’ll do some of the activities that Duke is offering,” he said. “Plus, my birthday is on the twenty-sixth and some

of my friends who are staying at Duke want to get together.”

Although several events were cancelled and buses were frustratingly slow, Duke still had plenty to offer over the break to students who stayed on campus. There were still plenty of sports games to See THANKSGIVING on Page 10

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UNC group We the Ladies fosters space for women in comedy

By Alexandra Bateman Staff Writer

Girls inherit wisdom about themselves at a young age, and some of that wisdom is undoubtedly meant to save us the time and energy of trying and failing. We’re told that we’re not good at math, that our hair looks better long, that we don’t have the attention span required to operate motor vehicles. And thank goodness, because now we don’t have to attempt to parallel park — we already know we won’t be any good at it!

We’re also told we’re not funny, that we’re trying too hard and that we just can’t take a joke when one falls flat.

We see this adage reflected in modern comedy, where men dominated the top ten highest-paying positions in the field in 2013. In a three-year period from 2011 to 2014, only 8.3 percent of headlining comedians at Caroline’s, one of the nation’s most well-known comedy clubs, were women. Maybe those 8.3 percent of headlining comedians didn’t get the memo that their routines just can’t compete Louis C.K.’s sex jokes, or maybe they’re onto something. Maybe, just maybe, women are as funny as men.

We the Ladies, a student-run group at UNC-Chapel Hill dedicated to closing the gender gap in comedy, hosted “Everything’s Fine! All-Femme Comedy Show” on Thursday, Nov. 16. The show featured 16 women comedians whose sketches and stand-up touched on topics ranging from men’s misunderstanding of menstruation to the dearth of women in film to Tinder dates gone horribly wrong. Each performed to a full house of over 100 people with standing-room-only.

The whole show, only an hour long, elicited multiple rounds of raucous laughter from the crowd, and though it included only women comedians, the attendees were more diverse than I expected — almost equal parts men and women, all from different age groups.

After the show, I met with performer and UNC sophomore Claire Goray, whose stand-up focused on the absence of women in mainstream comedy.

“Being on such a liberal campus, you believe that ever y thing is equal,” Goray said. “That’s just kind of the bubble you’re in. But, in actuality, there aren’t many women in comedy and if there are, it’s like, Amy Schumer.”

For her, drawing attention to this disparity is essential in making women more comfortable in a comedic space.

“It’s really hard for women,” she said. “It’s especially hard to create your own voice. For there to be this platform where women can just be themselves, talk about what they want to talk about and just know that they’re supported is great. There’s a lot more women [who want to be] in comedy. Right now it’s literally just cis white men. We’ve got to diversify that.”

Goray touched on one of the most valuable things the

KIM

Nina Wilder | Contributing Photographer The UNC student group We the Ladies raised over $400 for the Compass Center for Women and Families at their all-femme comedy show.

show fostered: a space in which to talk about feminine issues — the bodily, the cultural and the personal.

“It’s a chance for women to talk about their periods and vaginas, but it’s also a chance to prove that women don’t just talk about their periods and vaginas,” she said.

“There’s a lot more going on. We have a lot to say, and it’s stuff that ranges from stuff not related to our gender at all to stuff that’s literally about our physical autonomy.”

In keeping with their campaign for gender equality, We the Ladies co-hosted the show with Chapel Hill’s Compass Center for Women and Families. All proceeds from “Everything’s Fine!” — either five dollars for entry or a donation of menstrual pads — benefitted the center, which, since its establishment in 1979, has strived to end the pattern of domestic violence through programs that both empower women and supply them with the tools they need to become self-sufficient. According to the Compass Center website, the center sees over 5,000 clients annually and is the only resource of its kind in the Orange County area.

Compass Center volunteer and UNC-CH junior Annie Ford said the Center now aims to serve more than just women and their families.

“The Compass Center is looking to support people in the community who feel unsafe in their relationships,

BILLBOARDS

FROM PAGE 7

FROM PAGE 9

coming to college. Although she stopped painting in high school, her interest in art was reignited when she came to college through a variety of classes offered at Duke. She took other classes like economics and computer science, but quickly realized art was her passion and became more serious about it by the time she chose visual arts as her major. Kim also minors in computer science, which, according to her, helps her design virtual reality environments that are related to her works.

Looking ahead to the opening reception, she added that the viewers could expect a performance art show — her attempt at trying a new form of art. Kim said she wants the viewers to approach her work with an open mind and pay attention to how the pieces affect them emotionally.

“I want people to come to my exhibit, feel something, and leave with some feelings, whether [they] relate or they simply appreciate how it looks,” Kim said. “(as) Thick as Thieves” opens with a reception Wednesday from 5 p.m. to 8 p.m. at the Power Plant Gallery, located at the American Tobacco Campus, including an artist’s talk

by Kim at 6:30 p.m. The exhibit will be on display through Dec. 9.

this year. In both movies, Hedges plays a prominent supporting character, and in both, he stinks. Here, he plays Mildred’s son, Robbie, who constantly begs his mom to stop fighting with the police. He says he can’t stand driving past the billboards every day, forced reminders of his sister’s horrific death; too bad I can’t believe any of it coming from Hedges. Also unbelievable: Abbie Cornish’s accent. She plays Willoughby’s wife, Anne, who in addition to being much younger than him is also Welsh. Actually, nobody mentions her country of origin, but her accent ebbs between Wales and the Deep American South. Her performance is so solid, however, that it’s easily forgivable.

As the stakes rise in “Three Billboards outside Ebbing, Missouri,” the nature of the film’s essential question changes from “How do we seek out justice when the law fails us?” to “Is justice worth seeking at all?” And with McDonagh’s macabre sense of humor, each gruesome turn of fate is punctuated with moments of levity. The result: a movie that is in equal parts grave and hilarious. “Three Billboards” never once felt predictable, and it might be the most refreshingly original movie released this year.

whether that’s a roommate relationship, an intimate partner relationship, or people who are trying to support friends who are experiencing violence in their relationships,” Ford said. “[It is] supposed to be a resource for everyone in the community, regardless of gender.”

According to We the Ladies’ Facebook page, the show raised over $400 for the Compass Center.

We the Ladies and the performers who joined them showed up to prove a point — that regardless of what you’ve been told, women have a place in comedy. And that place isn’t defined by their bodies but by the diverse experiences women have in the world. No two sketches were alike because no two women comedians are alike.

As is the case in many artistic fields (such as film and animation), women are no longer content to operate within the male-dominated status quo.

When asked if she had any last comments, Goray said: “Tell the women of the world that they’re f--ing funny. I know a lot of men that sure aren’t, but they get attention like they are. A man cracks one joke in class and ever yone’s like ‘he’s the class clown!’ But I know so many women who make snarky comments all day long and people are like ‘yeah, she’s funny sometimes.’”

THANKSGIVING FROM PAGE 9 attend, from women’s basketball to men’s soccer, and several organizations hosted small dinners for their members or organized trips to local shopping centers for Black Friday. Even if Duke itself is not prepared to accommodate students who will not be going home over break — the closed dining halls and restaurants attest to this — the students seem prepared to make do and make the break their own. At a university with such wealth, it can be dispiriting when so many of one’s peers have the financial means to travel home for every break, but student life is active enough that those who are staying behind will be in good company and find new ways to spend the holiday.

When asked if he felt he would be missing out on anything by staying at Duke, Garcia gave an answer that captures the spirit of a Duke Thanksgiving break.

“I miss my family and friends back home, but some of my friends here are staying,” he said. “It’s because of them that I don’t feel as lonely and homesick. I’m grateful for them.”

There is still plenty to be thankful for, no matter where students are for break.

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THE BLUE ZONE

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WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 2017 | 11

B-TOWN BOUND

Blue Devil freshmen set for first true road game at Indiana in ACC/Big Ten Challenge

By Ben Leonard Blue Zone Editor

Duke is undefeated, but at times, it has looked nothing like it—much less the No. 1 team in the country.

It looked awful in the first half against Southern, faced a six-point second-half deficit against Portland State, looked discombobulated and fell behind 16 points to Texas and trailed by 17 to then-No. 7 Florida Sunday night.

But somehow, a team that ran out five freshmen in overtime against Texas gritted its way back to win all four games.

Now, the Blue Devils will hope to make things a little easier on head coach Mike Krzyzewski’s vitals Wednesday at Indiana in the Big Ten/ACC Challenge at 9:30 p.m.

No. 1 after they needed a 15-2 Duke run to close the game vs.

Indiana to beat the Gators. No. 1 Duke heads to Simon Skjodt Assembly Hall WEDNESDAY, 9:30 p.m. in Bloomington, Ind., Assembly Hall trying to wrap up a season-opening stretch of nine games in 20 days with a win against a defensively-challenged Hoosiers’ team in its first true road game of the season.

Hopefully for the Blue Devils, the game is less stressful than the last four—a reporter jokingly asked Krzyzewski Sunday if his blood pressure

Sanjeev Dasgupta | Sports Photography Editor

Marvin Bagley III became the first Blue Devil ever to post two straight games with at least 30 points and 15 rebounds at the PK80 Invitational. was okay after the tight wins.

“I do talk to my doctor,” Krzyzewski said.

“Your blood pressure is a lot higher when you don’t have good players than it is when you have good players. We have very talented players...

That’s what’s more amazing to me, that they’ve been able to do these things. We can’t improvise very much in a game. It’s not habitual yet. The

only thing that’s habitual is their will to win because they bring that to us.”

A young group that has been short on consistency has been lights out when it counts.

The stage certainly hasn’t been too big for towering forward Marvin Bagley III. The former No. 1 recruit became the first Duke player to score at least 30 points and grab 15

rebounds in a game since Christian Laettner in 1992—and he did it two games in a row.

“Marvin Bagley is a prodigy,” freshman guard Gary Trent Jr. said. “He’s a great player and an even better person. I say this all the time but he’s a hard worker, he’s a great leader, he’s a great basketball player and I’m glad he’s on our team.”

With 34 points and 15 boards against Texas and 30 points and 15 rebounds against Florida, Bagley has been the one constant on a team that has struggled to get consistent results from its lone senior, Grayson Allen, and a plethora of highly-touted recruits. Behind Bagley, the Blue Devils (8-0) have the most efficient offense in the nation according to basketball statistician Ken Pomeroy’s metrics, despite a shooting slump from Allen.

Ever since he scored a career-high 37 points to help Duke down then-No. 2 Michigan State Nov. 14, Allen has struggled from beyond the arc, shooting just 17.3 percent on 3-pointers for the next four gamers before a 4-of-8 showing against the Gators. Krzyzewski hopes Allen can continue that pace against a Hoosiers team that has been one of the worst in the game at defending the three—they rank 342nd out of 351 teams in 3-point percentage allowed.

Overall, they rank a dismal 193rd in the nation in Pomeroy’s defensive efficiency.

First-year head coach Archie Miller didn’t get off to the best start after Indiana (4-2) lost See M. BASKETBALL on Page 13

FOOTBALL

Two Duke defenders named first-team All-ACC Staff Reports The Chronicle

Duke’s defense anchored a shoddy offense for most of the season, and it earned recognition for its efforts Monday with four All-ACC members.

Cornerback Mark Gilbert led the league in votes among cornerbacks to earn first-team honors, and linebacker Joe Giles-Harris—a year after being named an all-conference honorable mention—joined Gilbert on the first team. Safety Jeremy McDuffie and defensive tackle Mike Ramsay also earned third team All-ACC honors.

Although the Blue Devil offense struggled to score at times this season, center Austin Davis was named third team All-ACC and receiver T.J. Rahming and running back Shaun Wilson got honorable mention nods.

With six picks, Gilbert ranked third in the country in interceptions per game and sixth in passes defended per game, a standout on a stout passing defense that ranked No. 12 in the nation in yards allowed per game. His secondary mate McDuffie, who missed the

Blue Devils’ final game due to a knee injury, also picked off three passes and racked up 58 tackles on the year.

Giles-Harris anchored a rushing defense that was No. 1 in the country early in the season, racking up 15 tackles for loss and leading the team in tackles. Ramsay kept the heat on opposing quarterbacks for much of the season, leading the team in sacks and anchoring a young and inexperienced defensive front.

On the other side of the ball, Davis was the leader of an offensive line that allowed Wilson and redshirt freshman Brittain Brown to rack up 1,403 yards on 5.3 yards per carry. While Wilson was third on the team in receptions, Rahming led the team in catches and receiving yards with 733.

Duke reached bowl eligibility with its fifth and sixth wins to close the season against Georgia Tech and Wake Forest, respectively, despite losing six straight games.

The Blue Devils now await their bowl fate—they could end up in the Quick Lane Bowl in Detroit, the Birmingham Bowl, or the Independence Bowl in Shreveport, La., among a host of options.

Neal Vaidya | Staff Photographer

Sophomore cornerback Mark Gilbert had six interceptions this season and led a secondary that was 12th in the nation in passing yards allowed per game.

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MEN’S BASKETBALL

Man-to-man perimeter defense sparks comeback

By Neelesh Moorthy Staff Reporter

PORTLAND, Ore.—For most of the PK80 Invitational, Florida was lights-out beyond the arc. But in the second half against the Blue Devils, it went ice cold.

After their thrilling double-overtime victory against Gonzaga, the Gators continued their strong 3-point shooting in the first half against Duke. Their 7-of-13 shooting

from distance in the first 20 minutes helped Florida build a 15-point lead six minutes into the game and reestablish a 53-49 halftime advantage after the Blue Devils went on a late run. In the second half, however, the Gators went 1-for-7, as Duke rallied from a 17-point deficit for an 87-84 victory.

The Blue Devils had brief success defending Florida with a 2-3 zone as they went on a 20-4 run late in the first half. But the Gators recovered and ended the half

Sanjeev Dasgupta | Sports Photography Editor

Florida only made one 3-pointer in the second half, forcing a team that averages more than 100 points per game to muster just 10 in the final 10 minutes.

with a run of their own.

To open the second half, Duke committed to man-to-man defense.

“We went man in the second half. We had to make up our minds to lock up on defense,” freshman Marvin Bagley III said. “We let them get easy shots in the first half. They can really shoot the ball from the three. We had to find a different way to lock in on defense and stop those threes and easy drives.”

The strong one-on-one defensive play of Bagley and freshmen Wendell Carter Jr. on the inside helped Duke maintain its manto-man on the perimeter without needing to help off Florida’s shooters, and when the Gators’ guards had to put the ball on the floor, they struggled to shoot over Duke’s big men and had their pockets picked twice in the last 90 seconds.

Bagley and Carter finished with 16 defensive rebounds and two blocks between them. Although he struggled offensively for most of the game, Carter came up with a block at the 3:25 mark that eventually led to an Allen triple, bringing Duke within three.

“When Wendell came back in the second half, he did a good job of protecting the rim,” senior guard Grayson Allen said. “He blocked a few shots but he also altered a few shots, and he was there—I think that was huge, just his presence.”

Both teams’ 3-point shooting slowed down in the second half, with the Blue Devils going from 8-for-17 in the first half to 2-for-6 in the second, just as Florida went from 7-for-13 to

1-for-7. But this shift away from the perimeter played to Duke’s strengths.

Entering the game, many expected it to be a battle of Florida’s guards on the perimeter versus Bagley and Carter on the inside. With both teams shooting fewer 3-pointers in the second half, the two freshmen were able to make their mark on the game, scoring 16 of their combined 36 points in the last nine minutes.

In addition to their strong play on the inside, Duke unexpectedly made two more triples than the Gators did overall. This allowed the Blue Devils to beat Florida not only on the inside, where Duke was expected to dominate, but also on the outside.

After the Gators shot 32-of-58 from deep in their first two games of the tournament, the Blue Devils rarely let them spot up in rhythm on the arc and forced them to miss their last five attempts. Florida’s highest-scoring offense in the nation scored on just one of its last eight possessions.

Offensively for Duke, Allen recovered from his 3-point shooting slump and went 4-of-8 from deep against Florida, including a 3-pointer in the first half that gave the Blue Devils their first lead of the game. Gary Trent Jr. also improved from downtown, making three 3-pointers in a 90-second span despite having gone 1-of-11 in Duke’s first two games in Portland.

“We played great defense in the second half—they only hit one three,” head coach Mike Krzyzewski said. “I can’t believe we hit more threes than they did.”

WOMEN’S BASKETBALL

Duke hosts top-10 foe in ACC/Big Ten Challenge

By Ben Feder Staff Reporter

The second-best scoring offense versus an impressive team defense. Strength versus strength.

Something has to give.

The Blue Devils have yet to surrender more than 65 points this season—which occurred in Duke’s 72-65 victory last Saturday against a high-powered Oregon St. attack—while Ohio State enters the contest racking up 94 points a contest and has already reached triple digits twice this season.

No. 14 Duke will welcome the eighthranked Buckeyes to Cameron Indoor Stadium Thursday at 7 p.m. as it continues to battle No. 8 OSU through the heart of its vs. nonconference schedule.

No. 14 Although the Blue Devils Duke enter the contest having won 19 of their last 20 THURSDAY, 7 p.m. games in Durham, they Cameron Indoor Stadium will be tested by NCAA 3-point record-holder Kelsey Mitchell, who leads the nation with 27.8 points per game mark.

“You can’t really guard [Mitchell] with one person regardless of what defense you’re in.

It’s a team commitment to knowing where Mitchell is on the floor all the time,” Duke head coach Joanne P. McCallie said. “She’s a player who scores a whole lot of points, shoots a whole lot [and] tries to command the game.”

Mitchell became the NCAA’s first player to

reach 400 career 3-pointers at just the start of her senior season, and is converting on 46.8 of her attempts this season. But what makes Mitchell so dynamic is her ability to get to the basket as well, as she has made the second-most free throws in the nation this season while adding more than four assists per game.

In response, McCallie plans to throw a variety of defenses at the preseason AllAmerican. After playing primarily a 2-3 zone against the Beavers, Duke showcased its fullcourt defense against Presbyterian, allowing just 45 points and forcing 21 turnovers.

With speedsters like starting backcourt partners Lexie Brown and Mikayla Boykin, McCallie hopes to utilize the duo to slow down Mitchell and make her life difficult on offense.

But even if Mitchell struggles, the Buckeyes (7-1) boast four other players who average at least 10 points per game. With the help of the transfer market, Ohio State has struck gold with players from Duke, North Carolina and Kentucky, who all have major roles in the starting lineup. The transfer from the Blue Devils—redshirt junior guard Sierra Calhoun—spent just half a season in Durham, averaging 10.1 points and 3.8 rebounds per game for McCallie.

Now on the other sideline, Calhoun and transfers Linnae Harper and Stephanie Mavunga provide the second, third and fourth options with the ball. Harper, despite standing at just 5-foot-8, has grabbed more than 10 rebounds per game, and the lone forward Mavunga is tied for eighth in the nation with

Mary Helen Wood | Staff Photographer

Graduate student Rebecca Greenwell could use her size to post up Ohio State’s smaller guards and shoot over them near the basket Thursday.

12.4 boards a contest.

“The big key with them is transition defense—getting the ball and stopping them in transition, shutting down the gaps,” McCallie said. “They’re a wonderful team that uses the gaps and takes a lot of shots that way.”

But outside of their fearsome starting five, the Buckeyes have little depth and size, two attributes the Blue Devils hope to exploit. Mavunga is

Ohio State’s only starter taller than 6-feet, and it generally uses just two other forwards—Makayla Waterman and Alexa Hart.

Although the Blue Devils (5-1) are known for their shooting prowess with graduate student sharpshooters Brown and Rebecca Greenwell, they have been able to pound the ball inside as well in See W. BASKETBALL on Page 13

The Chronicle

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M. BASKETBALL FROM PAGE 11 its three most talented players—the Hoosiers were blown out of the water at home by Indiana State in their opener and allowed 17 3-pointers. Albeit against weak competition, Indiana has now rattled off wins in four of its last five games, with the only loss coming against then-No. 22 Seton Hall.

Indiana doesn’t have a lot of size—forward De’Ron Davis is the only rotation player taller than 6-foot-8 against a Duke team armed with four huge weapons in Bagley, Wendell Carter Jr., Javin DeLaurier and Marques Bolden.

DeLaurier and Bolden have been forced onto the floor more than usual in the past two games, with Carter picking up four fouls in both and combining to play just 41 minutes.

Although Carter struggled from the floor

Chronicle File Photo

Robert Johnson shoots better than 40 percent from 3-point range for the Hoosiers.

against the Gators, he helped anchor a manto-man defense that was stifling for the last 10 minutes.

With a squad that is still adjusting to the college game, Krzyzewski has had to bounce back and forth between a 2-3 zone and a man defense—with varying results.

The zone worked in the first half during a 20-4 run, but failed later in the half, forcing Krzyzewski to go back to the man defense.

The 37-year head coach isn’t worried that not everything has become second nature yet for the Blue Devils.

“We have to let that go and take some slippage in X’s and O’s,” Krzyzewski said. “If we can add the X’s and O’s to that other thing, we have a chance to be very good.”

Whatever style of defense it ends up playing Wednesday night, Duke will have to hone in on on leading scorer Robert Johnson, who has shot 40.7 percent from deep, as well as sharpshooters Josh Newkirk and Devonte Green. Forward Juwan Morgan has also been an efficient threat from the post, shooting 55.0 percent from the field and averaging 11.8 points per game.

Bagley hopes the Blue Devils can take the solid defensive mentality it flashed in the second half against Florida early and often against the Hoosiers.

“As soon as we got out of the huddle, we were saying we needed stops, very important stops to get into our offense and get easy buckets in transition. We started playing hard, man,” Bagley said. “Now, the next step is figuring out how we can do that at the beginning instead of having to fight back the whole time, because that can get stressful sometimes. We’ve always got to keep continuing to learn and get better. We’ll figure it out sooner or later.”

Hank Tucker contributed reporting.

Mary Helen Wood | Staff Photographer

Leaonna Odom has combined for 30 points and 18 rebounds in the last two games and will be matched up against a Buckeye lineup with only one starter taller than 6-feet.

W. BASKETBALL

said. “Hopefully, there will be some areas that we can kind of exploit [down low].”

FROM PAGE 12 The Blue Devils can also rotate their guards nonconference play. Forward Leaonna Odom throughout the game with the help of redshirt has taken a step forward in her second season, sophomore Haley Gorecki’s play off the bench. and has combined for 30 points and 18 rebounds After missing last season with injuries, Gorecki has in her last two games. started to hit her stride, and junior Faith Suggs has Recently, Duke has also received impressed in limited minutes as well. encouraging performances from freshmen “I’m also very confident in our bench, and forwards Madison Treece and Jade Williams, I challenge them to play harder every day, to who combine with starting senior forward work harder, to play harder, to give that extra Erin Mathias to form a towering frontcourt effort and to be that great energy off the standing at least 6-foot-4. bench,” McCallie said.

Greenwell—who is listed at 6-foot-1—has Duke will have to get all the contributions it also displayed an ability to score down low can to keep up with Ohio State’s offense, which has throughout her time in Durham. She can not scored fewer than 85 points this season. often use her size and strength to establish “Without question, it’s a team defensive Newsmaller York Times Corporation position The against guardsSyndication and shootSales effort,” McCallie said. “We’re all going to have 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10018 over them in the For post.Information Call: 1-800-972-3550 to play together. We’re going to have to play off “We’ve got toRelease get paintWednesday, points,” McCallie each other [and] be very connected.”

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Online subscriptions: Today’s puzzle and more than 7,000 past puzzles, nytimes.com/crosswords ($39.95 a year).

Read about and comment on each puzzle: nytimes.com/wordplay.

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T H E I N D E P E N D E N T D A I LY AT D U K E U N I V E R S I T Y

The Chronicle

14 | WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 2017

Don’t be neutral on net neutrality

O

n December 14, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) will vote on a proposal by chairman Ajit Pai to repeal net neutrality.

While the term has been generating a significant amount of buzz, the complex web of interests and politics behind it can make it difficult to understand.

Net neutrality refers to an Obama-era FCC measure to regulate the internet as a utility and “[prohibit] broadband providers from elevating one kind of content over another.” With its future in the balance as of late, this hot button regulatory classification has been the subject of heated—and potentially fabricated—debate in the internet comment section of the FCC website, a discussion forum only possible because of the very utility whose fate the proposal controls. This decision will undoubtedly have ramifications for all of us, and these ongoing exchanges allow us to evaluate the power money has in our political system.

Internet service provision in the U.S. is dominated by a few major companies: AT&T, Cox, Charter, Verizon, CenturyLink and Comcast. With the AT&T and TimeWarner merger making headlines, this already truncated list of internet service providers may only get shorter.

Because of current regulations, internet service providers “transfer [the data we send or receive] from one end of the network to another” but do not manipulate it. Without net neutrality, these major providers would be able to analyze the information we send or receive and interfere with

onlinecomment “When you get that kind of money handed to you on a silver platter, you tend to feel like you actually are powerful. Humility is gone once you bathe in the waters of excessive salaries and or excessive power, even though it (lack of humility) may be disguised.”

—Steve Imhof on Nov. 27 editorial, “Addressing Charlie Rose”

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our internet connection accordingly. In this way, the few dominant internet service providers will influence our dayto-day internet use even more than they already do, with more monetary incentive to do so.

As debates have raged and tensions have increased, some have dubbed the reaction from pro-net neutrality activists as alarmist. Especially after chairman Ajit Pai’s children were harassed by protesters, many feel the disputes are getting out of hand. While not all methods of protest are justifiable, there is sufficient cause for

Editorial Board concern with an upcoming vote on this proposal.

Although internet service providers do not necessarily stand to gain from the promotion of some content over others, repealing net neutrality paves the way for monetary incentives to be established in the future. It is not unreasonable to envision a world where companies like AT&T or Comcast block traffic to some websites to push users toward websites who have paid for promotion. This type of manipulation not only affects consumers who may incur fees in order to access certain web content, but also disadvantages small companies who cannot afford the royalties associated with an internet that is not open and free.

Supporters of Pai’s proposal, however, argue that

these fees and monetary incentives either will not exist or will be outweighed by the benefits of a net neutrality repeal. Repealing net neutrality would open doors to more infrastructural innovation on the internet and may lead to faster internet speeds overall. However, despite the reassuring messages from corporations like Comcast, it seems relatively unlikely that internet service providers would funnel money toward supporting a proposal that does not offer them financial benefits. Regulation is stopping them from charging money for unsponsored content and manipulating user data; without regulation, these companies have every reason to start doing so.

Most of us have never experienced an internet that isn’t an open, virtual library. While indefinitely loading web pages and buffering videos are common, we haven’t faced these inconveniences because our internet service providers had a stake in our usage. If this proposal is passed, the internet could look like a vastly different place. From The National Rifle Association, to large pharmaceutical companies, to other corporations within industries subject to regulation, American politics has a long history of being swayed by money.

Net neutrality could become yet another victim of those lobbying forces. Instead of waiting for disappointment after the proposal is passed, we should heed the multitudes of warning signs, join the activism and call our representatives to show that this time, big business cannot have a louder voice than the majority.

Did Black Friday signal an economic revolution?

T

his past weekend, my father walked into the house with a 50-inch television. My mother, who never refuses a good deal, decided to buy a new pair of shoes for my brother. Yes, they had fallen victim to the annual urge felt by consumers around the country during Thanksgiving weekend. Black Friday’s effects once again found a way to sneak into my cozy home in Long Island.

Out of curiosity, I asked them if the stores and shopping centers were packed with people as usual. To

Mitchell Siegel TRUTH BE TOLD

my surprise, the answer was “not really.”

I thought instantly about the growth of online shopping and companies like Amazon. Are we experiencing a monumental shift due to economic forces and technological innovation? Being my nerdyDuke-student self, I decided to search for evidence as to whether or not what my parents had experienced last weekend (calm Black Friday crowds) was happening a macro level.

Going shopping in brick-and-mortar stores on Black Friday is supposed to be an American tradition, no? It’s actually similar to Thanksgiving in terms of cultural gravity. We still eat turkey even though there are so many other choices of foods we’d probably enjoy more. Yet, for the sake of tradition, we choose to suck it up and eat meat that’s dry and makes you tired. Similarly, even though we have smartphones, online delivery and more convenient methods of buying products, don’t we just go out to shop and spend money to experience the energy and feel-good atmosphere of the holiday season? Apparently, the latter tradition is waning.

According to Business Insider, Macy’s is closing 68 of its 880 store locations to restructure its business plan increasingly toward online retail. In fact, Macy’s response to new market trends reflects the beginning of challenges for department stores in this new age of technology. From 2005 to 2015, total U.S. Department stores sales have declined from $87 billion to $61 billion. This is equivalent to a decline from 3.6 percent to 1.9 percent of the retail market share. Through April of this year, the rate of closing retail locations more than doubled from the 2016 rate.

The eruption of online retail shopping was present on Black Friday as well. Adobe Insights reported that

a record $5.03 billion was spent online by the end of Black Friday, which amounted to an increase of 17 percent from last year. To no one’s surprise, Amazon dominated the online marketplace, and claimed between 45 and 50 percent of all online Black Friday sales. Online sales throughout the holiday season are expected to rise 14 percent from last year all the way to $107.4 billion. Imagine all of the consumer spending we could have with tax cuts in place!

On the other hand, estimates from ShopperTalk, a data analytics company that measures the number of shoppers at stores, claimed that foot traffic decreased slightly compared to last year. People all across the internet posted photos of empty stores throughout the weekend. Deloitte’s annual survey predicts that for the first time ever, online sales will exceed in-store sales for the holiday season.

Has in-store shopping on Black Friday already reached its apex? With in-store shopping on the decline and online sales on the incline in conjunction with growth of online retailers like Amazon, the evidence indicates we’re experiencing a revolution in consumerism and business.

Brick-and-mortar retail stores should not be panicking. If large department stores want to survive and prosper, they need to innovate and restructure the ways they compete. This online revolution may be beneficial to productivity. Sales can still grow while store traffic decreases. Our free market has arrived to a point where a great portion of our shopping needs can be addressed in the comfort of our own homes.

Perhaps the free market has evolved to such an extent that humans will need to keep pace with the economy by growing pointy fingers that are better designed to press buttons and type.

The malls of the future may have no stores. As retail department stores begin to close, landlords are already seeking to fill the empty space with churches, for-profit schools and even engineering facilities. Others in the real estate industry are converting shopping malls to restaurants, offices and housing.

Digital devices are quickly taking over and upending the current dynamics of how we interact with the world around us. Consequently, they are having a profound impact on economic activity and business. The exact outcomes are unknown, but nevertheless, inevitable.

While frightening for some and exciting for others, the quickly changing American economy will only continue to influence our culture and daily lives. .

Mitchell Siegel is a Trinity sophomore. His column, “truth be told,” runs on alternate Wednesdays.

The Chronicle

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On using knowledge to serve society “Knowledge in the service of society” is a widely professed strategic goal of Duke University. It is the guiding principle behind several partnerships, organizations and institutes on campus. Though some argue the axiom should remain a mere aspect of universities, “knowledge in the service of society” should be more than that, as it is the ultimate purpose of education.

Regardless of the means through which

Sabriyya Pate COLUMNIST

a student is able to attend a so-called “elite” institution for higher learning—whether through loans, parents, scholarships, financial aid or other forms of funding— university students are incredibly privileged to attain this caliber of education. Rectifying these inequalities, therefore, begin when one accepts the responsibility to use the knowledge they acquire to contribute to an improved collective condition of humanity—that is, to serve.

The circumstances that bring students to institutions like Duke University are haphazard. We all easily could have been born into circumstances faced by the millions of children who will never receive a primary school education, let alone learn to read.

An undergraduate experience is perhaps among the most formative opportunities.

It is a time during which young people are surrounded by peers of their own age and high school graduates evolve into increasingly self-aware individuals.

While a majority of Duke students come from high-income backgrounds, community service for many people may refer to serving one’s family by virtue of a stable job. Community service does not strictly translate to large populations conventionally defined as underserved.

Rather, in its purest form, community service is simply about giving.

Universities present unparalleled opportunities to kindle these values in community service. In other words, they can cultivate nurturing environments that empower individuals to think of ourselves as vessels for social progress. At Duke in particular, there are several potential ways the entire community can underscore and strengthen the underemphasized connection between academic interests and a greater contribution to humanity.

Programs such as FOCUS integrate community service into semester-long learning experiences. The Duke Community Service Center in the Office of Durham and Regional Affairs is an incredible resource for news and opportunities pertaining to community engagement. Knowledge in the service of society is a tenet of the Trinity College of Arts and Sciences curriculum philosophy.

Similarly, DukeEngage “empowers students to address critical human needs through immersive service,” according to its website.

Unfortunately, the training for some of these programs do not fully equip participants with a perspective on the underlying meaning and marginal relevance of their service. Furthermore, outlets to serve communities conventionally require a commitment over a particular discrete duration of time. This perpetuates the notion that community service is limited to volunteering.

At a 2007 panel on the role of service at the University, a senior fellow at the Kenan Institute for Ethics remarked, “It shouldn’t

be a requirement that [the brightest minds in academia] have large egos and small consciences—but it shouldn’t be prohibited.” The fear is that an emphasis on knowledge in the service of society will undermine fields, such as chemistry and philosophy, that do not appear to have as direct a link to community service as public policy does.

In reality, an economics student who would like to one day use knowledge of individual consumption choices to develop fiscal policy that reduces poverty is an individual out to better society. To pursue a pre-medical track for future familial financial security is to serve a community, even if that consists of just one’s parents. A global cultural studies major who seeks to use prose to convey the interconnectivity of humans is actively serving, with their talent as a vehicle. These are but a few examples of students putting their knowledge to the service of society.

For university students, the allure of well-publicized research and opportunities to travel abroad should not distract from the greater purpose of these endeavors. These include researching revolutionary ways to effectively train community health workers in rural areas and exploring a new city to genuinely cultivate a different perspective that will inform the future service of social entrepreneurs.

Drawing from these examples, the notion of applying knowledge in the service of society should permeate the conversations between students on campus.

When discussing careers, coursework and more, there is an indispensable value to contextualizing our purposes in something greater than ourselves.

Thankfully, there are several opportunities to strengthen a culture of spirituality and reflection—and likewise, several opportunities to commit ourselves to service. Awareness and intentional decision-making on these values, paired with administrative initiatives, can promote this self-awareness.

In his 2015 book “The Road to Character,” New York Times columnist David Brooks defines two types of virtues: eulogy virtues and resume virtues. While individuals may have certain eulogy virtues that explain what they would like to be remembered for upon their deaths, people often resort to focusing on the resume virtues, which are short-sighted, career-oriented goals.

Our generation risks a dire identity crisis under the guise of self-branding and marketing. But as an obsession with fame and social media “likes” tragically become prerequisites for jobs and social affirmation, humility and moral care are all the more crucial. When the pressures of setting oneself apart to recruiters and projecting an active social life to outsiders become excruciating, a spiritual search can offer perspective on the virtues we value most.

The sources from which individuals derive meaning in life varies greatly among Duke students, depending on cultural upbringings, faiths and general philosophies.

However, we must all contextualize—at the very least—the purpose of our university degrees. The University’s widely professed mission to promote “knowledge in the service of society” must take on an entirely new meaning. After all, what is good is an education valued at more than the median U.S. income if its recipients do not recognize their fortune?

Sabriyya Pate is a Trinity junior. Her column typically runs on alternate Mondays.

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When the male gaze falls on male gays I have been in no less than four courses at Duke in which the professor has had to clarify between “male gaze” and “male gays.”

For those who have not taken such courses— ones that teach students to understand how power, gender and sexuality manifest in everyday life—let me explain.

The first of these terms comes from feminist theory. The “male gaze” was coined by the feminist film critic Laura Mulvey to

Jeremy Gottlieb BIWEEKLY MANWICH

describe a projected fantasy of sexual desire and passivity onto the female body. In layman’s terms, it’s how men—the subject of the gaze—see women as sexual objects (and project other female stereotypes onto them).

The second term, “male gays,” is not so much a theory as an identity group. This requires less explanation: men who are attracted to other men.

Gaze and gays are homophones; consequently, they must be distinguished and clarified when used in a lecture.

I’ve engaged in conversations where we discussed one or the other, but as a person who stands at the nexus of these two terms, I have found we rarely talk about their intersection. What happens when the male gaze applies to male gays?

I would argue that in the context of homosexuals and bisexuals, the male gaze projects normative stereotypes of masculinity on men just as the heterosexual male gaze holds women as objects of sexual desire. Like other men who identify as gay, I occupy the dual position of projecting the male gaze and simultaneously falling under its view.

For instance, between squats or bicep curls at Wilson Gym, my eyes scan the (mostly male-presenting) bodies in the room. I would argue this is normal: no one has laser focus when working out, and people are distracting as they move and drop weights. But one can recognize my view as the male gaze because my vision focuses on—and assigns value to—the masculine body as an object: defined abs, puffed out chests and confident, aggressive grunts.

Men are reduced to their muscles and their aggression; they are reduced to objects of sexual desire.

Perhaps heterosexual women act similarly; the heterosexual female gaze may objectify men to sexual stereotypes, too (though it’s important to note that the power differential in heterosexual male and female gazes does not make them equal opposites).

However, I want to more closely examine the outcomes of the split identification that is produced when the authoritative power of the male gaze comes from and falls upon myself: a male gay.

When the subject simultaneously becomes the object of the male gaze, when my body matches so closely in form to the body I desire, I begin to apply the male gaze to myself. I become an image-object in my own eye. Suddenly, I am working out not to relieve stress or to train for sports competitions, but to appeal to the visuality of masculine stereotypes. Whereas the heterosexual male gaze is a desire and an insistence on difference, the gay male gaze is an attraction to sameness. It is an insular cycle of gazing upon (and being attracted to) bulging biceps, and then trying to replicate those muscles in myself. I feel disgust at the vanity of my internalized game of comparison, yet I continue in its

cycle. It feels too good to be the object of desire. In the end, desired image and selfimage become wrapped up as one. Selfworth becomes attached to a masculine ideal and to the visual rigors of the male gaze.

I realize the experiences of other gay men may be different. However, discussions with gay male friends have revealed similar anecdotes. Additionally, a look on Grindr—the gay dating and hook-up app—demonstrates analogous patterns.

Users can scroll through a nearly endless deluge of male torsos. One after the other, profile pictures of headless abs and pecs display the male gaze at work: sexual worth is visualized as muscle. This is done both reflexively by the users themselves and by the other users that project the male gaze upon the profiles. Moreover, one can find traces of the male gaze in the accounts that announce, “No Femmes. No Fats. Masc and White Only.” The male gaze upon male gays holds muscular, masculine, fatless, white bodies as beautiful. These bodies are the ones to be desired. These bodies are the ones to emulate.

It doesn’t seem like a stretch, then, to attribute an internalized male gaze to a study that found gay men three times more likely to have eating disorders than straight men. Or the one in which 45 percent of gay men reported they were dissatisfied with their muscularity. I would also attribute the male gaze to my knowledge of the calorie counts of all the ABP salads and the gallon container of protein powder sitting in my cupboard.

The collision of the male gaze with male gays plays out on social media, too.

We see this with the rise of the #instagay, a grotesque manifestation of the male gaze in male gays. He is white, tall and lean. He is chiseled, often traveling and masculine to a T. Like me, he is caught within a cycle of viewing and being viewed by the male gaze.

And he is rewarded—monetarily and with fame—for becoming its perfect object.

It is important to note that the male gaze reflects the intersection of multiple power dynamics. Beauty and worth are ascribed to white, trim, wealthy bodies—people who have the time and resources to develop large muscles.

The gym, Instagram and Grindr, are just three of the social apparatuses within gay culture that support the domination of the male gaze and the pressure it places on male bodies. I will be the first to admit I am implicated in these structures. It feels good to be affirmed. Having people reach out to you because of your torso featured in your profile picture provides a sense of selfworth in desirability. This reward, though, reinforces the cycle of seeing and being seen as a male gay with(in) the male gaze.

Moreover, the male gaze creates the impression that desire for specific bodies is natural, rather than generated by a culture of images. The problem, though, is that there is no place outside of this culture. Even when I recognize the male gaze in myself and try to combat it—by exercising for fun, following diverse Instagram stars and not engaging with toxic Grindr profiles—I am still the object of the male gaze. I still want to be desired; and thus, the male gaze still affects me even as I attempt to opt out of its destructive logic. There is no clean separation between object and subject desire when “male gaze” falls upon “male gays.”

Jeremy Gottlieb is a Trinity senior and a member of the Duke Men’s Project. The column, “biweekly manwich” runs on alternate Wednesdays.

AAAS FROM PAGE 1 patients with radiation therapy. The rest of the week, he works in his lab, which is currently researching the side effects of radiation therapy and how sarcomas develop and respond to different treatments. His lab is also working with the Cancer Institute to lead a clinical trial with radiation and immunotherapy for patients with high-risk soft tissue sarcoma.

“Being elected a fellow of the AAAS is a great honor because our scientific accomplishments have been recognized by outstanding scientists,” Kirsch wrote in an email. “However, this honor is largely a reflection of the amazing scientists that I have been fortunate to work with throughout my research career including very talented technicians, graduate students, medical students and post-doctoral fellows at Duke.”

Thomas Mitchell-Olds, Newman Ivey White professor of biology, joined Duke’s faculty over ten years ago. He received his undergraduate degree from Earlham College and earned his Ph.D. at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Prior to coming to Duke, Mitchell-Olds worked at the Max-Planck Institutes in Germany as an evolutionary geneticist.

At Duke, his research focuses on the mechanisms of complex trait variation in plants. His lab studies genetic variations within a plant of a particular species in the Rocky

ISSUES FROM PAGE 3 illegal immigration laws.

Getahun explained that in regard to refugees, she believes that the United States has the responsibility to bring in refugees and that it is critical that the government also offer aid and financial support once the refugees reach the United States.

Duffy agreed that the United States has a responsibility to help refugees, but noted that the best way to do so is not necessarily by bringing them into the country. He suggested an alternative option—integrating them into

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16 | WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 2017

Mountains—specifically, variations that focus on traits such as flowering, insect resistance and chemical production.

Mitchell-Olds also studies trait variation of rice in developing areas in Asia and Africa, concentrating on food security for farmers growing crops for their family in an acre or less.

Studying genetic variation for traits is important to human health because it can help explain the wide variety of genetic variation for complex diseases like diabetes or heart disease risk, Mitchell-Olds said. He explained that using plant species to study genetic variation is particularly useful because they can do experiments on thousands of individuals.

Mitchell-Olds has been a member of AAAS since graduate school and attends their meetings on advances in particular areas of science and the implications of science for society. He emphasized that science is a social endeavor that is done with other people, and his interactions with colleagues on campus help contribute to better science.

“It’s really important that the public has an increased understanding of science and how we make decisions based on evidence, and AAAS is very supportive of those sorts of things,” Mitchell-Olds said. “Making contributions in science is something you do day after day, year after year—being excited about a problem and building the parts of a puzzle that help make some advances. It’s a pleasure to be involved in these sorts of things and to be able to do it at Duke.”

Ana Barros, James L. Meriam professor of civil and environmental engineering, joined Duke’s faculty in 2004

another Middle Eastern country like Saudi Arabia where they share a common religion and language.

“How do we take the money we’ve already allocated towards this and use it best?” he asked.

Brunetti addressed the other end of the immigration spectrum, saying that the United States should shape policy and enforce it in relation to legal and illegal immigration. He said that it is easy to say legal immigration is good, but things get trickier when it comes to illegal immigration.

He said that the right response was somewhere in between the positive economic impact and the negative judicial extreme of illegal immigration being a crime.

after working at the University of O’Porto, Pennsylvania State University and Harvard University. She earned her undergraduate degree from the Faculty of Engineering of the University of O’Porto, her M.Sc. degree from OHSU/ OGI School of Science and Engineering and her Ph.D. in civil and environmental engineering from the University of Washington, Seattle.

Barros began her research career in ocean engineering, particularly modeling estuaries on the coastal shelf. She then changed fields after she was offered a research assistantship to work in hydrology and atmospheric sciences, and she said that she does not regret the switch but still enjoys all oceanrelated research.

She studies how water moves in the atmosphere and over land at multiple scales and the role of water in its different phases and modes in climate, ecosystems and environmental health.

“Water is the essence of life, and indeed quality of life as we know it,” she wrote in an email.

She has focused on water cycle processes in complex terrain, remote sensing and climate predictability. Currently, her lab is working on the role of mountains and land use on precipitation processes in the Himalayas and Appalachians.

She said that she has been a member of AAAS since 1997 and was elected a member-at-large for the Water section six years ago.

“I feel honored and thankful,” she wrote of her election.

Gun control Abrams kicked off the discussion on gun legislation by saying that she does not know of any reason that a person should own a semiautomatic weapon, and pointed to Congress’ lack of progress on the issue.

“The fact that there has been absolutely no action on gun reform from Congress is absolutely irresponsible, especially given the number of mass shootings we have seen in just my lifetime and the amount of people that have been killed,” she said.

Kornkven offered an alternative view on how to curb the number of mass shootings and gun violence. She advocated for better enforcement of the current gun laws, and noted that there are

non-regulatory ways of addressing the issue as well, like the media not using shooters’ names in order to not encourage copycat killers.

Duffy concurred with Kornkven on increased enforcement of the current laws, noting in particular a lack of prosecuting felons who try to purchase guns.

Brunetti raised the question of whether or not a successful ban on all semi-automatic guns would truly bring an end to mass killings. He said people intent on causing harm may just turn to using bombs or vehicles instead.

“I’ve noticed that when people are really determined to do something heinous like that, they will try to find a way to pull it off,” he said.

“People are, unfortunately, really creative.”

Duke Jazz Ensemble directed by John Brown with guest organist

Joey Defrancesco

Friday, December 1st • 8pm Baldwin Auditorium dukejazz.org

find housing

at The Chronicle’s online guide to living near Duke.