Building academic vocbulary and chu giai tieng viet

Nhóm 04: exempt, excuse 1. exempt: miễn, không phải thực hiện Ngữ cảnh 01: The highway code exempts motorcyclists from paying tools.

Diễn đạt tương đương: The law says it is okay for motorcyclists to not pay tolls (A toll is an amount of money collected from the people who use the road).

Ngữ cảnh 02: People whose religious beliefs forbid making war were exempted from military service.

Diễn đạt tương đương: If someone’s religion did not allow fighting in a war, that person did not have to serve in the army or navy or airforce.

Ghi nhớ: * Cấu trúc “to exempt sbd from (an obligation or a duty)”. * Chủ ngữ thường gặp: các luật (laws), quy tắc, nội quy (rules), các hệ thống (systems). * “exempt” cũng là tính từ trong cấu trúc: “be exempt from (smth)” hoặc dùng cấu trúc bị động như một động từ. (be exempted from) nhưng dạng bị động này ít phổ biến.

2. excuse: miễn cho Ngữ cảnh 01: Harding asked to be excused from the meeting because he had a headache.

Diễn đạt tương đương: Harding asked someone to give him permission not to go to the meeting (or to leave a meeting that had already started) because his head hurt.

Ngữ cảnh 02: The need to develop economically does not excuse the government from enforcing environment protection laws.

Diễn đạt tương đương: The country’s need to grow economically does not make it okay for the government to let people break laws that would protect the natural environment.

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