How is Knee Replacement Surgery Done? Knee replacement also referred to as knee arthroplasty or total knee replacement, is a surgical procedure intended to resurface an arthritic knee. Metal and plastic components are used to cap the ends of the bones that constitute the knee joint and the kneecap. Patients with severe osteoarthritis or knee injuries may be recommended for this surgery. Numerous types of arthritis can affect knee joints. Knee cartilage and nearby bone may deteriorate as a result of osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint condition that primarily affects middle-aged and older people. Rheumatoid arthritis, which causes synovial membrane inflammation and excessive synovial fluid, can cause discomfort and stiffness. Knee cartilage may be damaged by traumatic arthritis, which is arthritis caused by an injury. The main objectives of knee replacement surgery are to resurface the damaged sections of the knee joint and relieve knee pain that other treatments cannot manage.
Anatomical study of the knee Joints are the intersections of two or more bones. The vast majority of joints are movable, allowing bones to move. The knee is composed of two long leg bones that are kept together by muscles, ligaments, and tendons. Each bone end is coated with a layer of shock-absorbing cartilage that protects the knee. The quadriceps muscles (placed on the front of the thighs) are responsible for straightening the legs, while the hamstring muscles (positioned on the back of the thighs) are responsible for bending the leg at the knee. Tough cords of connective tissue and tendons connect muscles to bones. Ligaments are elastic bands of connective tissue that join bones together. Some ligaments of the knee provide stability and protection for the joints, while others restrict forward and backward motion of the tibia (shin bone). The following components make up the knee: • Tibia. This is the shin bone, the largest bone in the lower leg. • Femur. This is the femur or upper leg bone. • Patella. The kneecap is this.