Nyhamnen - Reimagining Malmö's industrial harbour as a multifunctional coastal district

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Nyhamnen Reimagining MalmÜ’s industrial harbour as a multifunctional coastal district Nicolo Schlamp Master Thesis

Nicolo Schlamp bdm769 30 ETCS Master Thesis in Landscape Architecture Faculty of Science Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Supervisor: Peter Lundsgaard Hansen

Supervisor Peter Lundsgard Hansen

Acknowledgement I would like to thank everybody who has influenced me on this thesis from it‘s origins to it‘s final expression.

Nicolo Schlamp

Abstract

Within the last decades many European harbour cities have undergone extensive structural transformations. The city of Malmö has faced enormous challenges, but the opportunities which came with it have been equally unique. This Design proposal focuses on the transitional periphery of Malmö‘s active harbour where industrial activity is giving way to postindustrial appropriations. It presents a solution for how the harbour area can be reintegrated in the cities fabric and be transformed into dense green mixed used district to contain the future need for living and housing space due to an extensive demographic growth the city is expected to undergo.

Areas which have been avoided and neglected should be transformed to encounter rich living spaces with a distinctive green infrastructure with connectivity to the water, strengthening the coastal identity of Malmö and glare beyond its confines.

Initially an analysis was conducted. As a foundation for the planning the greater context of Malmö is assessed and it is focused on the history of the city and the development of the harbour area and its correlation with the city. The Background of the project site its assessed and spatially analysed.

Subsequently the design itself will be put in focus. Firstly the pivotal conceptual idea, the overall structure as well as the spatial integration in the context is explained. Following the concrete formulation of the designs different sub-areas will be illustrated.

A personal conclusion will sum up the work.

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Introduction 10 Introduction 12 Central design questions 14 Process

Analysis 20 24 32 34 38 40 58 62

Location History Existing green spaces Industial harbour Context Site analysis Preserved Structures Geological Interpretation

Desing Proposal 66 68 70 76

Vison & Goals Nyhamnen Concept Proposal

Outro 100 Conclusion 102 References

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INTRODUCTION

Introduction

The end of traditional harbour cities Since the 1960s port cities across the western industrialised world have suffered the consequences of globalisation, changes of world transportation systems and technological shifts.

Many port activities have terminated and ports themselves relocated. This meant that many maritime industries have been lost or severely reduced in many places. The harbour cities were forced to reinvent themselves and a new type of maritime metropolis has emerged with a shift towards new research institutions, high tech production, leisure, tourism and other services.

The large wastelands which had been created have been and are still of a big public interest to develop and reintegrate them into the urban fabric.

Urban development in Malmö Malmö is an typical example of that structuarl change. Focusing now on knowledge, service and cultural production, the city left most of its industrial past behind in already relocated port areas and developed central oriented harour areals into a new urban district. In the past the harbour of Malmö already has seen post industrial development. On the confines of the west harbour the last decades lead to a big structural change.

Västra Hamnen was an industrial area in decline and nowadays is transformed to an attractive sustainable coastal district.

With a relatively young history the area is located on man made land, filled up from the second half of the 19th century through until the 1980’s. It mainly was serving the purpose of the manufacturing of ships. In its prime, one of the biggest wharfs in the world was located at the area.

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Starting from 2001, the development of a new urban district for mixed use purposes was undertaken. Nowdays the shipyard workers are replaced by students of Malmö University, and employees of the environmental technology sector, new media building firms and more. The district still is not fully developed and will be further adapted in the future.

With a total expanse of 187 hectare, today Västra Hamnen gives room for more than 9000 residents and 14.000 employees. M As the population of the city is increasing rapidly the need for further urban development is given.

The city has plans to respond to that and, in light of the successful transformation of Västra Hamnen, develop another harbour area in decline. They have now turned their attention to a redevelopment of the central harbour area, as demonstrated in the Nyhamnen plan. M Malmö as a recreational city Today, Malmö already has a strong coastal identity with a diverse range of recreational possibilities. The city offers a distinct variety of parks ranging from historical informed parks following the example of an english garden with lawns, ponds, large shrubs and exotic trees to modern and contemporary parks adjacent to new urban development projects. As the coastal protection in Sweden is of big importance since the early 1900s, the coastline in Malmö also offers great recreational opportunities for the residents of the city and adjacent populations. N Wide open lawns, long stretches of beach and small structural implementations invite to spend time in and at the sea.

Besides its green and blue infrastructure Malmö also offers a selection of cultural opportunities.

Central Design Questions The thesis takes three central design questions as a fundamental starting point and guide throughout the project.

Malmö stad 2019, Om Västra Hamnen

Malmö stad 2019, Översiktsplan för Nyhamnen

Naturvardsverke 2019

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1. How can Malmö respond to industrial decline and adapt its port for a post-industrial context?

2. How can Malmö reestablish a connection between the city and its coastline and utilize the water’s recreational capacity?

3. How can a green infrastructure, combined with selective preservation establish identity a new district?

Process

Design process It has often been tried to display the design process as a series of specific and detectable activities occurring in a linear and comprehensive order. Even if this assumption of a linear process seems to be too simplified and insufficient, the recurring elements in my design process are worth to be examined further as they are common elements in the design practice and give inside to the projects formulation.

At the core of the process stands the observation. The Architect as a cultural observer who instigates and communicates the changes to the world. At the closure of the open ended process stands the specific representation of the given. The activities occurring in between are not linear and rather intertwined, using different tools and media going back and forth, which makes it a very dynamic process. Still it can be said, that in the early phase analysis and research play a fundamental role to build the base for the project. Analysing the context and the phenomenological conditions of the place help to formulate the design problem and clarify goals for the design.

Throughout the synthesis the attempt is made to generate solutions for the problem. After deciding on important aspects of the design problem designs are being developed on that base to examine and discover more about the problem. By being propositional before all data is collected it is possible to find out more about the problem. By the use of different media the synthesis is impelled. Starting with hand sketches and a working model making a later shift to digital drawing helps to formulate the design. A method also applied early in the process was the design by reference, to quickly test

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out schemes and principles the design could benefit from.

The design has developed to be a product of the negotiation between problem and solution, design conversations on the vertical projector, and inputs from my supervisor as well as from my fellow thesis students A complicating factor of the design problem is that they are often “multi-dimensional and highly interactive� L and in being so then serve more than one purpose. Many factors in the design process are interconnected and it is rather informed by this correlation than a by a confined factor itself. This meant that the act of integrating and combining was a perpetual activity throughout the process.

Lawson 2002, p.58

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ANALYSIS

Location

As part of the global north, Malmö is located at the southern tip of Sweden. As Sweden‘s third largest city it also is the capital of its southernmost county Skåne. In its wider territorial understanding Malmö is part of the transborder metropolitanregion of the Øresund, which is economically and population wise the strongest region in northern Europe.

City of Malmö Greater Malmö Skane Region Copenhagen Greater Copenhagen Oresund Region

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Timeline 1270-Today

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Malmรถ 5,000

Population

1658 Malmรถ becomes Swedish

1270 Malmรถ first mentioned as part of Denmark

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1775 Construction of modern harbour

1800

25

339,000

265,000 271,000 229,000 200,000

100,000

60,000 6,000

1840 Founding of Kockums Industries

1922 Implementing of Frihamnen

1970 - 1989 Industial decline 1994 Malmรถ started to create new economy as center of culture and knowledge

1850 Third largest Swedish harbour/ center of international trade

1995 Oresunds Bridge

1856 Construction of southern main train line/ enabled Malmรถ become center of manufacture

1825

1850

1875

1900

1998 Malmรถ University Established

1925

1950

1975

2000

2019

Malmö

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Overview With a population above 300,000 inhabitants Malmö is the third largest city in Sweden. With an age average of 36 the city has a lot of young inhabitants. Also it is home to people of 177 countries where about 50% of the residents have a migrational background. The different and versatile social milieus make it a vibrant and dynamic city.

It first was mentioned in the year 1270 and at that time was like all of the Oresund region under Danish reign. Through a military intervention Malmö became under the possession of the Swedish crown. Through the Swedish conquest the city got turned from a central trading town within the Danish kingdom, to a relatively marginal one in Sweden. The major function of the city was from then on to serve as a military stronghold.

This meant that the population was relatively static until the modern port was constructed from 1775 on. B Significant to the development of Malmö’s early industrial economy was the Kockums Mekaniska Verkstad which was founded in 1840. The big breakthrough came in 1859 when Kockums started supplying railway wagons for the main train line of southern Sweden. The Malmö harbour has become the third largest harbour in Sweden and a centre of international trade. The development towards an industrial city was ongoing and with that an accellerating demographic growth.

Throughout the cities close location to Denmark and continental Europe, cultural and political ideas were repeatedly introduced in Malmö first. It was referred to as a gateway to Sweden. In the early 1900‘s Malmö was one of the fastest growing cities in northern Europe with almost 100 000 citizens. By that time it was regarded as one of the leading industrial cities of Sweden.

Björk 2017

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The strong industry also meant that Malmö was one of the wealthiest cities in Sweden. But during 1960s Malmö faced an extensive industrial decline that lasted until the late 80s.

Towards the turn of the century Malmö aimed more and more towards knowledge and service, leaving most of its industrial heritage behind. The establishing of the Malmö University in the late 90s was an important step towards that new direction.

Like other harbour cities Malmo faces extensive structural changes as well as new challenges and opportunities.

Given its strategic location, the ongoing growth of the population demands more areas to accommodate the needs of the inhabitants. The harbour area has played a vital role in the development of Malmö’s past and will in many ways open opportunities towards new developments in the future.

Demographics As Malmö has grown by almost 43% since 1990, a faster rate than the capital Stockholm, it is the fastest growing city in Sweden. The population grew by 5138 new inhabitants in 2017 (1,5%). M With an estimated population of 339,313 inhabitants it also is Swedens third largest city after Stockholm and Gothenburg. C In the larger scale Malmö is part of the the Oresund region, which has over 4 million inhabitants and therefore is the biggest urban area in Scandinavia.

As Malmö is accounting for over 36% of population growth in Skane, it is the counties demographic powerhouse.

Malmö stad 2019, Malmö - Sweden‘s fastest-growing city citypopulation 2019

Port Development Man made Land

Even though MalmĂś has a relatively young history, the cities structere has undergone a substantial changes in the previous centuries. In the beginning the settlement was located within the confines of the city walls.

In the decades to come, settlements started to expand beyond the city walls densifying the immediate proximity, which defined the start of urban growth.

With the start of the construction of MalmÜ’s modern port in the late 1800s, the city also started to expand seawards. In decades to follow the growth of the city stand in strong dependence with the expansion of the harbour. Till today a significant amount of land has been constructed in sea.

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1720

1860

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1904

1932

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1961

2019

Existing Green Spaces

Scaniaparken 6 ha

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Hamnparken 1 ha

Varvsparken 4 ha

Kungsparken 33 ha

Bejiers Park 14 ha

Östra Kyrkogarden 39 ha

Ribersborgstranden 147 ha

Pildamsparken 48 ha

St. Pauli Kyrkogarden 24 ha

Folkets Park 7 ha

Rönneholmsparken 6 ha Mellanhedsparken 6 ha

Bellevueparken 6 ha

Spillepengs Fritidsområde 46 ha

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Harbour Areas

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Olje Hamnen (103 ha) In addition to many oil tanks, there is a chemical industry in the area that is located in the northeastern part of the harbor.

Norra Hamnen (214 ha) In 2009, an expansion started with a new ferry location and a new container port. In addition a district heating plant is located there.

Mellamhamenen (99 ha) In the middle of the harbor there are industries and warehouses and CMP also has its office in the middle harbor. Large areas in the middle harbor are used for the situating imported cars.

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Fri Hamnen (56 ha) The free harbor is located above and just to the north of the inner harbor. The free port is used for storage and transhipment of goods for further transport within the Baltic Sea to neighboring countries.

Östra Hamnen (253 ha) In the eastern harbor companies of heavy industry of various kinds, eg. a large tabacco processing faciliity are located.

Inre Hamnen (124 ha) The inner harbor is the oldest harbour in Malmö.

The central station of Malmö is located in the inner harbor, which makes it close to further transport of people as well as transport goods.

Västra Hamnen (147 ha) The western harbor is today a residential area with Malmö University occupying a significant portion. M

malmohamnen 2019

Harbour Industry

Introduction In the following it is focused on the horbour developments of the inner harbour, where also the project area is located.

The area around the inner harbour is facing extensive structural changes. In an Oversigtsplan from 2018 the Vision is set to transform the harbour area into a mixed use area with residential, business and office uses. The ferry and cargo businesses which dominated the area will be moved to the north harbour, while free port activities will be mainly located around the inner harbour.

Already today the functions around the harbour display a mixed character. The ferry services, freight services, offices, housing areas and entertainment are all represented within the area. But several parts and functions of the former harbour activities have already been closed down and more will follow the years to come.

Impacted structures are warehouses and silos as well as the former rail line and concrete silos.

History The construction of the modern port in MalmĂś began in the year of 1775. The elements of a connected pier and breakwater were the first to be implemented. Over time the extensions and pads successively got developed, a process which is ongoing ever since.

In the mid 1800s the inner harbour was started to get build.

With it’s flat conditions it was perfectly suitable for railway operations which had been established there. These railway operations during the beginning of the 20th century were

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closely linked to the port operations and other activities in the harbour area.

The storage of food as well as it‘s processing took place in the harbour district at this time. Warehouses for foodstuffs as well as silos accounted to a large extent for these. In the later part of the 20th century, these activities partly lost their importance and fell abandoned.

Some of the premises have been rebuilt and now serve for office spaces, book publishers or entertainment venues. M The cultural-historical investigation stresses that others are empty and threatened by a rapid decline if no action is taken.

In connection with the railway and the harbour, a mixed settlement arose north of the central station with housing as well as public institutions and office buildings. With the establishment of a rectangular street grid and the typology of building blocks, the area has densified in recent years.

The inner harbour’s maritime operations attracted shipping companies and insurance offices who erected their buildings there. This changed the appearance of the structures established north of the central station from a lower settlement to higher office buildings.

MalmĂś stad 2002, Inre hamnen och Frihamnen p.6

Context

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project area

Urban Grain

The confines of the project area are within the inner harbour and the south stretch of the free port. The industrial inner harbour is known for its vast open spaces and the huge Industrial buildings which makes it a space of low density. Buildings range from seven meters height up to 45 meter silos. Linked to that confines towards the north and east, the vast and open areas continue. This openness is a distinctive characteristic for most industrial harbour areas around the globe.

This differs for the adjacent area south of the project site. A mixture of industrial buildings residential three to five storey apartment blocks and office buildings lead to a higher density.

On the insular part of the inner harbour many institutional building complexes as well as larger industrial structures are housed. These types need larger holding areas or larger floor spaces to serve the needs.

The densely build up inner city part with it’s four to six storey building block structure is characterised by a very high density.

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Important Destinations

In the past the ferry terminal was located at the project area which made it the arrival point and departure area for a huge volume of people. As the ferry terminal was relocated to Norra Hamnen the area no longer serves as a gateway for passengers out and into Malmรถ. Yet the Malmรถ central station is in close proximity to the confines of the project area serving as a gateway with regional and transregional connections.

As the city started to create a new economy around culture and knowledge, many institutional buildings got erected around the inner harbour. A Library and a University of Malmรถ building are located on that insular area. Furthermore the Maritime University is adjoining. With the Malmรถ concert house a big cultural institution is in close proximity to the project area.

Further south the cities central town square is located, a destination which can be put into relation with the harbour area through its closeness.

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New Ferry Terminal

Former Ferry Terminal

University Library Malmรถ University Malmรถ Cencert House

Central Station

Maritime University Central Town Square

Connections

Currently the project area is located rather isolated in the north of MalmÜ. An important through road connects parts of the cities west and Västra Hamnen to the motorway and intersects the inner harbour area. Also in the future a linkage form east to west will remain of great importance.

Towards the north there is the future possibility to link the area through the expanses of the free port onto the road network.

The inner harbours greatest potential is the proximity to the inner city. With its pristine location and a distance of less than a kilometre there is a great chance to extend the cities center towards the sea.

Even though the harbour area is nowadays disconnected from the surrounding expanse of the city, it bears great potentials to conjoin and connect with it.

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future connection

Connection from Västra Hamnen

Connection to motorway Connection from inner City

Area impressions

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innaccessible monofunctional area

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warehouse Magazine M1

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looking south Grimsbygatan

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ferry ramp rising from the vast open

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looking along Hullkajen

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edge of the quay

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succession processes

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sealed surfaces dominating the harbour area

Existing Situation

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RT

EPO

FRE

Grain Silo 1

Saltimporten

R INNE Smรถrkontrollen

R BOU HAR

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Magazin M1

Grain Silo 2

Ferry ramp

Slagterihuset

Kontorhuset

Central Station Library

Preserved Buildings

Introduction There are a multitude of structures from Malmö’s industrial past located within the project area. The project selects the following buildings due to their architectural significance. The design proposes the refurbishment and renewal of functionality in order for the buildings to exist into the future.

Magazine M1 The Warehouse was build in conjunction with Frihamnen in 1922. It was build with a large supported ceiling system in concrete with facades of red brick. The architecture is classicist.

It has an industrial architecture from the early 1900s typical for its time but pioneering in Sweden with the large concrete structure.

Also in context the building is significant. It shows Frihamnens existence and function and the ports importance to the city.

Even though today traces of lack of maintenance are visible, the buildings character is in no way distorted.

Smörkontrollen Today the building houses IMP‘s förslagshus, a Swedish publisher. Build in 1935 the building served as a control institution for dairy products and eggs for export. This activity ceased in 1991 and the building got redesigned in 1997. From the original red brown brick building only the concrete shell remained.

Saltimporten Build in 1960 the building served as an office space and storage of salt. The six storey office building is characterised by green tiles and white pilaster strips and the house is constructed out

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of concrete.

With its glass facade on the south west facade and its orientation to the water a high spatial quality is given. Today the building houses a mixed activity.

Kontorshus The office building was designed in 1954. The complex consists of thee three adjoining buildings. The biggest construction volume consists of a boat-shaped eight-story building in which, through the change of materials, the horizontal gets emphasised. From this a twelve story tower rises. The building mainly consists of white tiles and details of copper. Today the building houses an insurance company.

Slagthustet In 1900 the first municipal slaughterhouse got erected. The aim was to increase the quality of the meat which got exported to the continent. Constructed out of natural stone bricks with details such as stepped gables the building displays a national romantic spirit. In the 1990s the slaughterhouse was converted to a large office and entertainment complex after demolition threats. Nevertheless the building complex has still retained it‘s original character representing the early 1900s industrial environments.

Grain Silos High concrete Silos characterise the inner part of the harbour.

Located along Hullkajen they have been erected between the years 1948 and 1962 in combination with a now closed feed plant. The structures are build out of concrete and bricks. The silos are historically interesting, because they are important expressions of the productive agrarian landscape that the city of Malmö is surrounded by and it’s position of dependence from that sector. The silos in their scale are a symbol for major production and export. M Ferry ramp Serving as an infrastructural element to move vehicles onto the ferry, through the relocation of the ferry terminal to the north harbour, the ramp has lost its function. With a hight of more than 10 meters above the sea level and constructed out of steel, it is a dominating feature in the area.

Malmö stad 2002, Inre hamnen och Frihamnen

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1

2

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Ferry ramp 1 Kontorhuset 2 Grain Silo 1 3 Magazin M1 4

Saltimporten Grain Silo 2 Smรถrkontrollen Slagterihuset

5 6 7 8

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Geological interpretation

Pattern Analysis Malmö’s long history as an industrial port has led to a homogenization of its shoreline. Steel barrier walls line most of the harbor area. The rocky coastline of Skane outside of Malmo however, feature dramatic geological formations.

These patterns are a strong inspiration for landscape design features which reestablish Malmo’s connection with its ocean coastline. In order to establish the new district’s recreational character, it is imperative to give citizens a stronger connection to the coastline.

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architectural interpretation

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[Zeichnungstitel] MaĂ&#x;stab: 1:200

PROPOSAL

Vision

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The aim of this project is a transformation of the man made industrial port area into a dense, dynamic mixed use neighbourhood which is reintegrated into the urban fabric and can sparkle over its confines and become a destination for the whole city. With a dynamic and integrative landscape as its core and the appreciation of the site‘s history, an identity rich place should be created. The district should benefit from synergies between city , harbour front and Malmö’s industrial past should enhance Malmö‘s identity as a coastal city.

reintegration of harbour in urban fabric

site specific

dense mixed use urban district

identity formative landscape as center for district

Goals

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Green infrastructure

Transformation

from industry to mixed use neighbouhood

Identity

NYHAMNEN

Connectivity

extension of inner city

through history and coastal location

Access

to water and integrative open Spaces

The design takes as its principles the above qualities. The site’s unique location demand that it be better physically conencted to the rest of Malmo with a strong, integrative green infrastructure that can ensure access for Malmo‘s citizens and a legible place based sense of identity.

Nyhamnen Design

This vision for Malmö presents a broadscale urban redevelopment of the old industrial harbor area. This plan includes extensive building, with new residential and commercial capacity introduced. Through its coastal location, the district will offer direct access to the sea and a multitude of urban and recreational spaces, with an open landscape in its centre. In addition public facilities which cover the needs of the inhabitants of the new district and Malmö more broadly. As the capital of southern Sweden, and together with Copenhagen the centre of the Oresund region the district should be seen in a regional perspective. As Malmö has seen positive trends in the last decades Nyhamnen should follow that development and become a new centre for knowledge, culture and service.

The district will feature buildings with a total floor area of 500,000 square meters, providing living space for 14,000 inhabitants and workspace for another 7000 people. An identity formative landscape will be in the district‘s center.

Gross floor area: housing: 350,000 m2 offices: 170,000 m2 cultural institutions: 17,000 m2 university: 14,000 m2 schools: 11,000 m2 pre schools: 8,000 m2 green space are: 110,000 m2

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Free harb

our

Inne

r ha

rbo

ur

promenade n l statio centra

Rรถrskjรถkanalen

INNER CITY

town square

1:10000

Concept

Urban integration In its greater context the district is connected to the inner city by a promenade leading down south to Malmö’s main historical square. With a structural implementation, mimicking the town squares dimension on the most eastern end of the Hullkajen stretch, a visual connection is established. The cities important east west connection is obtained and connects the district to the highway in the east and Väastrahmen in the west.

Relation to water As the district should profit from its prestige coastal location, the relation to the water is created and with that, an emphasis on accessibility through direct contact with water, especially in south facing areas. A diverse formulation of the different sub areas adjacent to the sea, create different atmospheres and spatial experiences. Water related functions like marina swimming and water sports make it an active harbour. Through the use of a variety of stairs, ramps and deckings a connection to the water is established and made accessible

Preserved and new structures With the integration of structures from Malmö’s industrial past, like high silos, mixed with industrial buildings and warehouses into the new urban fabric, a distinctive identity is shaped around shipping and trade complemented with new elements.

The Magazine M1 can offer space for cultural implementations, while the Silos offer the possibility to integrate housing. The bottom floor will become a hub for the adjacent water activities such as marina, swimming and water sports. The buildings of Smörkontrollen and Kontorhuset continue providing office

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Design

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space for the service industry. The ferry ramp will serve as scenic installation for the park, which becomes the green centre of the district. The district itself will be relatively compact and dense and with an environment of permeability created through the street layout. With a mixture of different building heights visual depths is created. Through the introduction of a performing arts centre, a school, a kindergarten, and a Malmö University satellite campus, the future needs of the neighbourhood are served and the area’s character complemented. Active ground floor functions as a principle for building use ensures a lively streetscape environment.

urban integration

relation to water

Saltimporten Silo 1

Magazin M1

Silo 2 Pre School

Smörkontrollen

Performing Arts Center

Ferry ramp

Kiontorhuset

Culture House

School

University

preserved Structures Intsitution

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Infrastructure As the harbour area, due to the former uses has been structured in a simple and rational way reflected in in the right angled grid and traffic structure, this distinctive articulation helps to provide the area with a special preexisting character.

Building zones are laid out right angled. The compact neighbourhood facillitates walking, bicycling and the use of public transport.

A main recreational axis leads through and along the district clasping a sequence of varied urban spaces and landscapes together. Building a narrative of different experiences the pathway also leads along the edges of the build environment and the open park enhancing contrasts. Continuing to a Promenade the seaside is out in focus leading to architectural gesture and open space at the westernmost part of the project.

Green infrastructure The whole area is provided with multitude of open and integrative green spaces. Greenery will be ever present in the neighbourhood in the form of a green network of parkland, green squares, street trees and green courtyards.

With different characters and spatial expressions a multitude of experiences are established. A remarkable variety of different nature types meet and overlap each other. Besides landscape architectonical design, extensive nature in form of woodlands and meadows stand in contrast with the urban scenery of build environment.

On the expanses of the project area, where initially almost no tree has been planted, a total of over 2600 new trees will be implemented, helping to structure the area and connect the green spaces. Big linear alleys and rows of trees leading towards the ocean are giving direction and structure.

The green courtyards of the building blocks serve different functions, from imaginative playscapes to the handling of stormwater runoff.

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infrastructure

green infrastructure

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Inrehamnparken Transformation from a repellent fallow industrial area, to a green open space with great appeal and a multifacetedness of usage. The park as a green, lively place for leisure,, culture, play, sport and nature expierience.

It is atmospherically dense and diverse and leaves room for individual appropriation. The aesthetic of the park is characterised by the interplay of different naturetypes and is made expierienceble manifold in a sequence of different sub areas. Rather than following an abstract artificial theme, the design is derived from concrete spatial potentials, qualities and requirements.

Connections and pathsystem A main pathway clasping the park together is leading along its outer perimeters, inviting pedestrians and biciclysts along the differtent subspaces and inspire for activity. Three pathways with a north south orientation hold the park togehter. Derived from the urban structure, the pathways interveave the park with the build environmet.

A system of smaller pathways in the inside of the park lead through and along the different naturetypes in form of woodlands, meadows and open lawns. Different spatial expierences are created, ranging from dense and enclosed souroundings to vast and open areas. Towards the west the park flows out and conntects seamless with the ocean.

Scenic installation The preserved ferry ramp is not just conceived as an infrastructural element, but also as a scenic installation for the park. It gives the possiblility to comprehend the park and the new urban development in its entirety. The park can be expierienced and understood from an additional perspective.

Furthermore a sublime panoramic vista over the wide ocean is given.

Spatial frame A flexible and formal clear spatial frame makes the park readable and gives orientation. It also allows to have an open space in the park’s middle. With different functions along the edges, the outer park structure is able to hold together different aesthetics and allows differtet spacial contenst to change over tim.

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connections

pathsystem

spatial frame

UNFOLD

Design Masterplan

Hullkajenparken

Hull

kaje

Saltim

nbou

porte

levar d

Harb

n

our

bath

Brisg

atan

n

e roll

ont รถrk

Sm

M

ar

in

a

Culture House

Kontorhuset

engatan Hans Michels

UNFOLD

1:1000

Silo

2

79

FRE

E HA RBO UR

Magazin M1

Silo

INN

ER

1

HAR BO UR

Inrehamnparken Performing Arts Center

Fer r

y ra

mp

University

sgatan Jรถrgen Kock

Bayarea Design

80

+3.0

Pinus controrta

Pine Square

+0.7

Culture House

1:1000

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+3

+1.8 +0.6

+-0

+10.2

Visuasualisation inner bay Design

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Kind

erga

Inrehamnparken Design

rden

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meadow lawn

ruderal Woodlands

en

Inremansväg

fer r

yr am

p University Square

A’

1:1000

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conc rete in

situ

meadow

birch grove +2.5

g

in ct

th pa

ne

n co

+3.0 +3.3

playscape

Section A - A’

86

+3.3

Boulevard Boulevard

Inrehamnsvägen ???

+2.5

Inrehamnparken

87

+3.3

extensive vegetation Hamenparken

University

Forest playground

1:750

Visuasualisation Inrehamnparken

88

89

Hamnpromenaden Design

woo d

90

en b

enc hes

pine grove harb

our

bath

conc rete in

1:1000

situ

B’

91 Acer p

latan o

ides

HUL

LKA

+3.0

Prom e

nad

+1.4

B

+-0

e quay

wall +3.1

Pinu s

contr o

rta

JEN

BOU LEV ARD

Section B - B’

92

+3

boulevard

residential building blo

ock

93

+3 +1.4

promenade

wooden deck

1:750

Hullkajenparken Design

1:1000

94

C’

95

woodlands

meadow

+4.1

lawn

+5

+5.8 concrete stairs

+3.0 boathouse

+1.6

marina

C

car parking

Section C - C’

96

+1.6

+-0

+3.0

marina

Marina

+3.7

concrete stairs

Promendade

97

+5.8 +3.7

+4.1

lawn

extensive vegetation

Hamnenparken

+2.9

lawn

+3

Promenade

Stairs

1:750

OUTRO

Conclusion

In the beginning of the project a set of design questions for post-industrial appropriations of Malmö‘s inner harbour were presented. The work presented seeks to answer these questions by presenting a tangible design proposal.

With a broad scale urban redevelopment, transforming the harbour area from a derelict industrial area into a new urban district with a multitude of open and recreational spaces, orienting towards an industry of service, culture and knowledge an answer is given to how to respond to Malmö’s industrial decline and serve the challenges of its demographic growth.

Seeking a solution to strengthen the coastal identity of the city, and how to reestablish a connection between Malmö and the coastline, a multitude of measurements are taken. Conceiving the waterfront as a public domain activating it and focusing on accessibility, a possible solution for an active and vibrant harbour is demonstrated, connecting the new inhabitants and the people of Malmö more broadly to the sea.

The question about what green infrastructure is needed to accommodate the needs for the new neighbourhood while creating a unique identity, is answered by a network of open spaces held together by an open landscape in the district’s Center.

As urban societies are becoming more diverse ethnically and culturally, urban milieus and lifestyles differentiating themselves more and bringing new demands and aspects for open spaces, the design reflects that multilateral and pluralistic society, embracing integration and interactivity between different milieus, for which the open space is providing the framework.

Moreover the proposal offers solutions how to deal with the

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port’s industrial cultural heritage, to create a unique identity.

Through a selective preservation of structures from Malmö’s industrial past, integrating them into the new urban fabric and the allocation of new functions, the unique history of the place is stored and made experienceable. With the combination of the new built structures and open space implementations, the area‘s character is complemented.

With the design, a reimagination of Malmö’s industrial harbour as a multifunctional coastal district for the future is displayed.

The analysis of the unique background of the Malmö region, its development and recent structural changes, and the question of how to react to the existing and the requirements of the area, has made the designing of the Nyhamnen district an exciting, complex and multi layered task.

Given the complexity and scale required for a project like this, there can be many approaches to take, landscape architecture alone cannot answer all the questions posed. Nonetheless it can be expected that the demand for qualitative open spaces increases and with that its importance for the face of the city and the quality of live in urban spaces.

In similarly sized developments in Copenhagen, like Nordhavn and Sydhavn where there is a focus on developing a waterfront blue park infrastructure, without a strong inland landscape development, this has produced neighbourhoods without a strong nature identity. With such gaps in mind, this project focuses on establishing a green heart to connect the inland seamlessly through to the coast and sea.

Sources All the visual material contained in this book were produced by the author.

Lawson, B. (2005). How designers think: the design process demystified. Oxford, Architectural Press Malmö stad, M. (2019). Översiktsplan för Nyhamnen. available at https://malmo.se/download/18.486b3990169a51c37f81efc8/1556807078751/ÖP_Nyhamnen_ low_res.pdf accessed: 18.04.2019 Malmö stad, M. (2019). Malmö - Malmö - Sweden’s fastest-growning city. available at https://malmo.se/Service/Om-Malmo-stad/Demokrati-beslut-och-paverkan/Fakta-och-statistik/Facts-about-Malmo/Demographics/Population-growth.html accessed: 14.03.2019 Naturvardsverke, N. (2019). Swedish nature conservation 100 years. p.3. available at https://www.naturvardsverket.se/Documents/publikationer/978-91-620-8386-1.pdf?pid=4069 accessed: 12.06.2019 Citypopulation, C. (2019). available at https://www.citypopulation.de/php/sweden-admin.php?cityid=1280 accessed: 10.07.2019 Björk, B. (2017). A history of Malmö. available at blogg.mah.se/urbanhistoria/history-of-malmo/ accessed: 06.06.2019 Malmohamnen, M. (2019). available at http://www.malmohamn.se accessed: 24.05.2019 Malmö stad, M. (2002). Inre hamnen och Frihamnen - kulturhistorisk utredning. available at https://malmo.se/download/18.12bec02c14db49ab84d4fcf4/1491298353904/Inre%20hamnen%20och%20Frihamnen%202002%20150dpi.pdf accessed: 02.05.2019 Malmö stad, M. (2019). Om Västra Hamnen. available at https://malmo.se/Service/Var-stad-och-var-omgivning/Stadsplanering-och-strategier/Stadsutvecklingsomraden/Vastra-Hamnen-/Om-Vastra-Hamnen.html accessed: 15.05.2019

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